title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough's nickname in the distant past was "The Electric City" as it was the first town in Canada to use electric streetlights. It also underscores the historical and present-day importance of technology and manufacturing as an economic base of the city, which has operations from large multi-national companies such as Siemens, Rolls-Royce Limited, and General Electric, and more local businesses such as Merit Precision Ltd., Dynacast and Bryston. Electricity was one of the reasons Quaker Oats moved to the city, and as part of PepsiCo remains a major fixture in the downtown area. However, over the years the number of major manufacturing plants has declined, and General Electric closed its last remaining facility in 2018. As a result, employment has been shifting toward the service industries and tourism is now the leading industry in the area.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 1615, Samuel de Champlain travelled through the area, coming down from Lake Chemong and portaging down a trail, which is approximated by present-day Chemong Road, to the Otonabee River and stayed for a brief time near the present-day site of Bridgenorth, just north of Peterborough.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 1818, Adam Scott settled on the west shore of the Otonabee River. The following year he began construction of a sawmill and gristmill, establishing the area as Scott's Plains. The mill was located at the foot of present-day King Street and was powered by water from Jackson Creek. This location, adjacent to the Ontario government Ministry of Natural Resources building, and Peterborough's Millennium Park may have been the site of landfall for a portage which connects in a direct line with Bridgenorth. The site has an Ojibway name "Nogojiwanong" which means "the place at the end of the rapids".


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The year 1825 marked the arrival of Irish immigrants from the city of Cork to Scott's Plains. In 1822, the British Parliament had approved an experimental emigration plan to transport poor Irish Catholic families to Upper Canada.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peter Robinson, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada and a prominent businessman from York, Upper Canada was the man who took on the emigration plan of 1825. Scott's Plains was renamed Peterborough in his honour. Robinson interviewed families and individual males to make the long voyage. These families had to meet specific criteria in order to be eligible for the voyage. The specifics required for Robinson's settlers were that they had to be Catholic, poor and with a knowledge of farming. Males had to be less than forty-five years of age and in good health and families were unrelated. The majority of the Irish emigrants were chosen from Fermoy, North Cork.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Robinson was urged by landlords to remove the "pauper and undesirables". He resisted and stated that he had "no wish. to hold out a bounty to persons of bad character. but as Robinson travelled through the countryside they became flesh and blood 'people of a good sort' he called them, 'bred to farming. I found them much more intelligent than I expected. Most of them could read and write'".


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Thomas Poole, a nineteenth century writer, wrote that all 2024 passengers boarded nine ships in June 1825, with everything they owned, from Cork across the Atlantic Ocean to Quebec City. The journey took 30 days to cross the Atlantic and on board the ship they were provided with bunks and food rations. Hard tack or ship biscuits were one of the many foods that were made to provide energy for the passengers. Hard tack was very easy to make and could be stored for months without spoiling. After the settlers landed in Quebec City they travelled further down the St-Lawrence River eventually reaching Lachine where they boarded a bateau. Heading west to Kingston and ultimately to Kingston and Cobourg. They camped in tents in Cobourg for several weeks until Peter Robinson joined them to lead them up to their final destination. The long voyage across the ocean was enough to weaken the emigrants but having to camp out in tents in the mid-summer heat brought on several other complications. Nearly all of the settlers experienced fever and ague, and several perished from it. Even faced with these hardships they forged ahead and put their trust in Peter Robinson, the man leading them to their settlement in Peterborough.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 1845, Sandford Fleming, inventor of Standard Time and designer of Canada's first postage stamp, moved to the city to live with Dr. John Hutchison and his family, staying until 1847. Dr. Hutchison was one of Peterborough's first resident doctors.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: By 1846, the community was flourishing, with a population of about 2000. A stone jail and court house had been built and there were seven churches and various government offices. There was a fire company, two newspapers and a post office that received mail daily. Industry included two grist mills, two saw mills, one brewery, one ashery, two distilleries, three foundries, three tanneries and tradesmen of various types worked here. One school and one bank agency were operating.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Beginning in the late 1850s, a substantial canoe building industry grew up in and around Peterborough. The Peterborough Canoe Company was founded in 1893, with the factory being built on the site of the original Adam Scott mill. By 1930, 25% of all employees in the boat-building industry in Canada worked in the Peterborough area.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough would also see extensive industrial growth as one of the first places in the country to begin generating hydro-electrical power (even before the plants at Niagara Falls). Companies like Edison General Electric Company (later Canadian General Electric) and America Cereal Company (later to become Quaker Oats, and in 2001 PepsiCo, Inc.), opened to take advantage of this new cheap resource.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The first major events of the 20th century in Peterborough occurred in 1904. The first occurrence was the completion of the Peterborough Lift Lock on July 9, eight years after construction was initially approved. To this day, many landmarks in Peterborough memorialize Richard Rogers, conceptual father of the Lift Lock, such as Rogers Cove on Little Lake and Rogers Street in the eastern part of the city.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 1905, Peterborough was incorporated as a city on Dominion Day, with a population of about 14,300. The city's flag and coat of arms were adopted later, in 1951.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In the 1970s, the Ontario Government helped sponsor the building of Peterborough Square with the aid of the Ontario Downtown Renewal Programme (ODRP). The mall was anchored by an Eaton's store until the collapse of the Eaton's chain of stores in the late 1990s; it now houses offices, stores and a food court. The provincial government relocated the central office of the Ministry of Natural Resources to 300 Water Street, kitty corner from Peterborough Square. In 2008, a new regional hospital officially opened in Peterborough.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is situated in Central Ontario within the Kawartha Lakes region. Peterborough lies in the St. Lawrence Lowlands ecoregion, just south of the Canadian Shield and approximately north of Lake Ontario. The city is sited on a series of rapids in the Otonabee River, approximately halfway between the river's source (Katchewanooka Lake) and its mouth (Rice Lake). The city completely surrounds the only lake on the Otonabee, Little Lake, and the Trent Canal runs along the eastern edge of the city, connecting Little Lake to a section of the Otonabee above the rapids.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough's topography is largely defined by land formations created by the receding Wisconsian glaciers 10,000–15,000 years ago. The South End and Downtown portions of the city sit on what was the bottom of the glacial Lake Peterborough—part of a glacial spillway created when glacial meltwaters from ancient Lake Algonquin (now Lake Huron) travelled south to ancient Lake Iroquois (now Lake Ontario). This area of relatively low and flat relief (approximately above sea level) is prone to flooding, exemplified in the major flood that occurred on July 15, 2004. The ground elevation rises to the west, north, and east where a large upland area (the Peterborough Drumlin field) defines the landscape. Much of the land in the north and west ends of the city rises to above sea level, with Tower Hill, at above sea level, being the highest point. Armour Hill, another prominent drumlin located in east city, forms the physical obstacle that the Trent-Severn Waterway ascends by way of the Peterborough Lift Lock. The Oak Ridges Moraine is located approximately south of the city.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfb") with four distinct seasons. It lies in a transitional zone between areas to the south, which have a milder winter climate, and areas to the north (within the Canadian Shield), where the winters are snowier and sharply colder. Peterborough's Hardiness zone is 5b. Peterborough's climate can be quite unpredictable and vary greatly from one part of the city to another due to the effects of the Oak Ridges Moraine and changes in elevation. In the south end and areas south of the city, the Moraine acts as a barrier for weather patterns moving off Lake Ontario, reducing precipitation. In the north and west ends of Peterborough the effects of the Moraine are not as prominent, at times creating slightly cooler temperatures and more precipitation than the more southern parts of the city and county.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The highest temperature ever recorded in Peterborough was on July 11, 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on December 21, 1871.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2004, Peterborough experienced a flood which caused much damage to the city and surrounding areas. On July 15, 2004, the sewage treatment plant recorded of water as opposed to the average. The city recorded of debris added to landfills due to the amount of damage caused by excessive rain and wind.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Peterborough had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Peterborough CMA had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Service industries are the primary employers. Other leading industries include manufacturing, food processing, automotive supplies, electronics, aerospace and life sciences/biotechnology. Quaker Oats employs 700. The city is a bedroom community for workers commuting to Oshawa and East Toronto. In 2017, home prices were more affordable than in Durham Region.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Regional Health Centre is the largest employer, with about 2,000 employees in 2017. School boards, local government, Trent University and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources are other large employers.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: General Electric operated in Peterborough from 1892 to 2018, and employed about 6,000 people at its peak. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of the early 1990s led to shifts in trading patterns for many Canadian companies. Other innovations like just-in-time delivery and pressure to produce ever cheaper goods impacted some of the large multi-nationals in the 1970s and 1980s.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In the 2000s, the city has faced high unemployment, and its unemployment rate often led the country for census metropolitan areas in Canada. By December 2017, the rate was roughly on par with the national average at under 5%.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: An analysis in 2017 said: "A moderate but improving growth environment is foreseen for the region and the Peterborough CMA in 2017 and 2018. The region’s shift to service-producing industries will continue as in other regions in Ontario and a growing portion of service industries will become export-oriented".


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2018, mayor Daryl Bennett said there has been a shift toward employment in smaller manufacturing plants and service industries, leading to a moderate level of unemployment, and that the shift away from manufacturing had started before the NAFTA free trade agreements.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2018, the city had plans for a $24-million Canadian Canoe Museum, a new casino, a new library, the VentureNorth building in downtown, and development of lands at Trent University.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is a shopping destination for the region, with three shopping centres: Peterborough Square, Portage Place, and Lansdowne Place. Walmart, Costco, Sobey's and Real Canadian Superstore have large operations in Peterborough, drawing customers from the surrounding area. Sears, in Landsdowne Place, closed in 2018 due to bankruptcy.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough and the Kawarthas offer several attractions. The region is host to an array of museums, cultural exhibitions, indoor and outdoor galleries and theatres, Aboriginal heritage attractions and historical sites, as well as an arts community.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: While many buildings in Peterborough that would have served as examples of the city's heritage and architectural style have been lost over the years due to renovations and modernization, some examples such as the YMCA building do still stand today as designated architectural landmarks.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Museum & Archives is home to a diverse collection of artifacts. It was established in 1897 and moved to its present site on Armour Hill in 1967. The Archives collection includes items from Catharine Parr Traill, the original Peter Robinson papers, the Park Studio Fonds and the Balsillie collection of Roy Studio Images, over 300,000 film and glass plate negatives dating back to 1896.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Walter Seymour Allward designed a municipal cenotaph, the Peterborough Memorial (1929), "Valour Defeating Barbarism."


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Trent–Severn Waterway passes through Peterborough and includes the Peterborough Lift Lock, the world's largest hydraulic lift lock, which opened in 1904. It was for many years the world's highest hydraulic lift lock with a rise of .


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Del Crary Park is a large urban greenspace on Little Lake, located in close proximity to downtown Peterborough. Free outdoor events and concerts are held here during the summer months, including the international Peterborough Musicfest (formerly Festival of Lights & Little Lake Musicfest), Wednesday and Saturday evenings from June through August. The Art Gallery of Peterborough, opened in 1974, is situated on the shore of Little Lake beside Del Crary Park and features 1,300 pieces from around the world.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: On Little Lake, there is a fountain called Centennial Fountain that runs from May to October yearly. This fountain has lights that are put on at dusk and is considered a local and tourist attraction.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough offers a sightseeing option called Liftlock and River Boat Cruise. This cruise boat takes passengers through the Peterborough Liftlock while broadcasting various facts about the city's sights and history. The cruise operates daily from mid-May to mid-October every year.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Showplace Performance Centre is a 647-seat performance facility located downtown that opened in 1996. The Canadian Canoe Museum, located on Monaghan Road, is a national heritage centre that explores the canoe's enduring significance to the peoples of North America.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Jackson Park contains old-growth forest with trees up to 250 years old. The 4.5 ha old-growth forest can be visited from the parking area at the north end of Monaghan Rd.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Riverview Park & Zoo is a zoo operated by the Peterborough Utilities Group at the north end of Water Street. In addition to its animal exhibits, the zoo features a miniature train ride and the park contains a disc golf course.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Skateboard park is one of the largest skateboard parks in Ontario. It includes several half-pipes as well as multiple ramps and rails. Its construction was sponsored by West 49.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The 'Wall Of Honour' monument was recently unveiled in Confederation Park across from City Hall on North George Street. It contains the names of the 11,300 servicemen and women from the Peterborough area who served in Canada's Armed Forces in World War I, World War II and the Korean War.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough's downtown is home to locally owned shops and restaurants including music stores, fine dining and jewellery stores.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: A portion of the Trent-Severn Canal below the lift lock is flooded and maintained for skating each winter.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Beavermead Campground is located on Little Lake at the centre of Peterborough. Beavermead Campground has 98 individual campsites, 46 un-serviced and 52 serviced. Beavermead has rental options for kayaks and a supervised swimming area. There are multiple athletic fields and public washrooms on the grounds. Beavermead Park hosts the Soul Beach Volleyball program that facilitates games and recreation during the summer months.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Mechanics Institute, established in 1868, housed a subscription library that allowed members who paid a fee to borrow books. Mechanics Institutes were established across Ontario to make education universal and accessible to all citizens. In Peterborough, the Institute and the Library were located on Water Street. In May 1895, the Mechanics Institute became the Peterborough Public Library. The library remained on Water Street.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Later, the Peterborough Public Library received funding from the Andrew Carnegie Foundation and the new Carnegie Library located on George Street opened in 1911. This building is currently the Carnegie Wing of City Hall.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In February 1949, a branch library opened in the south end of Peterborough. It was situated above a hardware store and was a room measuring 50 by 20 feet. It was divided into two sections—one for children, the other for adults.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The DelaFosse Branch Library opened officially on December 1, 1965. The Peterborough Examiner declared that this branch at 729 Park Street S., made "south end residents the envy of the rest of the city." Currently, it holds a recreational reading collection of approximately 14,000 hardcover and paperback books for all ages. Recent additions to the collection include a variety of multimedia including CDs, DVDs, CD-ROMs and CD audio books. This branch library is named in honour of Frederick Montague de la Fosse, who was the Chief Librarian of Peterborough Public Library from 1910 to 1946.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Main Library at 345 Aylmer Street N. opened on September 2, 1980. The new library was built on the site of the old fire hall and had about triple the floor space of the old Carnegie building. The opening ceremonies were held on September 17 and featured Dr. Robertson Davies, Master of Massey College, University of Toronto, as the keynote speaker.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Main Library is a full-service library with a well-stocked and current circulating collection of books, CD audio books, CD Music, DVDs and magazines. In addition to encyclopedias and dictionaries, the Reference Collection includes a local history collection, government documents, electronic resources and microforms selected to answer the information needs of the community. The Main Library was used in the filming of the 2008 American science fiction film "Jumper".


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough's junior level hockey team, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League, were established in 1956 and have become the longest continuously operating team in the league. They have participated in the Memorial Cup tournament nine times in their history and won it once. The Petes have produced a record number of National Hockey League (NHL) players such as Eric Staal, Jordan Staal, Cory Stillman, Chris Pronger, Steve Yzerman, Bob Gainey, Mike Ricci, Larry Murphy, Tie Domi, Mickey Redmond, and coaches such as Scotty Bowman, Roger Neilson, Mike Keenan, Gary Green and Dick Todd. They have also graduated 96 players who have played 100 or more games in the NHL.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Memorial Centre, constructed in 1956, is the home of the Peterborough Petes as well as the Peterborough Lakers and was named in honour of the many war veterans who came from the region. It is located at the east of the exhibition grounds at the corner of Lansdowne and George Streets. In 2003, the Memorial Centre was renovated adding 24 box suites, improved concessions, a licensed restaurant, new seats, boards, scoreboard and air conditioning.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The city also has a youth women's hockey team called the Peterborough Ice Kats. Box lacrosse is also popular in the area. Teams include the Major Series Lacrosse Peterborough Sr. A Lakers and the Peterborough Jr. Lakers, who hold a Junior A record of 12 Canadian Minto Cup championships.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough also participated in an Olympics-like competition with sister city Ann Arbor, Michigan: the Arborough Games were held annually (later biennially), rotating between the cities starting in 1983. It ended, due to a lack of volunteers, after the 2000 edition.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is home to a rowing club with programs for learning to row, recreational rowing, as well as competitive regattas. This club is home to Trent University Rowing as well as hosts many secondary school teams in the area. This club was established in 1977 and is located along the shores of the Otonabee River in the north end of the city.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2021, Electric City FC was founded to play in the semi-professional League1 Ontario, with the potential to move up to a professional division in the future.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: PYSC (The Peterborough Youth Soccer Club) offers recreational and competitive soccer for children ages 4 to 18.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is a single-tier municipality governed by a mayor-council system. The Mayor of Peterborough, Jeff Leal, was elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. The Peterborough City Council is a unicameral legislative body, comprising the mayor and ten city councillors representing five geographical wards of the city. The present wards are as follows;


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough City Hall at 500 George Street North in downtown Peterborough houses the municipal government and also the central offices of Peterborough Social Services. The municipal budget for 2008 for the city is projected to be $190.9 million, an increase from 2007's actual expenditures of $185.4 million, or 2.9%.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Prior to the city being separated from it, the city was also the seat of Peterborough County. The Peterborough County Court House is located at 470 Water Street and was built between the years of 1838 and 1840 and still holds a portion of the county's offices.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: At the provincial level, the riding is held by Dave Smith of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, who has held it since the 2018 Ontario election.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2014, MP Dean Del Mastro was found guilty of overspending on his 2008 election campaign. This trial and guilty verdict led to his resignation.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough's crime rate in 2013 was 4,489 crimes per 100,000 people, a 3% reduction from 2012, according to Statistics Canada. That was the 19th highest crime rate out of Canada's 34 census metropolitan areas. (Peterborough's CMA includes the city and four surrounding townships.)


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough had the sixth lowest crime severity rate in 2013 out of Canada's 34 census metropolitan areas, according to Statistics Canada. Peterborough's crime severity index of 54.4 is a 14% reduction compared to the 2012 rate. Only Toronto, Ottawa, Quebec City, Barrie and Guelph had lower crime severity indexes, according to the survey. None of the census metropolitan areas had increases in crime severity in 2013. The crime severity index is calculated by Statistics Canada and takes into account both the volume and severity, based on average sentences for offenders, of police-reported crime in Canada. Nationally the CSI was down 9% in 2013 compared to 2012 and is 36% lower than 10 years ago.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: In 2011, Peterborough had the highest rate of hate crimes reported in Canadian cities. However, in recent years Peterborough has been found to have a relatively low crime rate. In November 2015, Peterborough gained nationwide notoriety after an arson took place at the Masjid Al-Salaam mosque. The resulting community response raised over $110,000 for repairs in less than two days The mosque has since been rebuilt and reopened.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough Airport is located off Highway 115, just south of the city. It is primarily a recreation and business airport, offering no scheduled flights by any airlines. It has two asphalt runways, one and the other . The airport services approximately 25,000–30,000 aircraft movements per year.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: There are four road bridges that cross the Otonabee River within the city limits of Peterborough. The most northerly one is the Nassau Mills Road Bridge near Trent University. The next most northerly bridge is the Parkhill Road Bridge. The Hunter Street Bridge crosses the river just north of Little Lake, linking East City with the downtown core. The most southerly bridge is the Lansdowne Street Bridge. In addition, Highway 115 crosses the river near the southern edge of the city. There are also numerous other bridges which cross the Trent Canal (notably the crossing at the lift lock which actually passes under the canal), Jackson Creek and the other minor creeks in the city. There are also numerous other river crossings throughout the CMA, the longest of which is the James A. Gifford Causeway, which crosses Chemong Lake linking Bridgenorth with Ennismore.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Otonabee River and Trent Canal are part of the Trent–Severn Waterway, providing a link from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron. The canal runs through the very eastern portion of the city and is home to the Peterborough Lift Lock, formerly the highest hydraulic boat lift in the world. The Peterborough Marina is located on Little Lake near where Jackson Creek drains into the lake, beside Del Crary Park and just east of George Street. It contains 90 slips for docking and a host of amenities.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is served by provincial Highway 115, a freeway that connects the city to Toronto via Highway 401 and Highway 407 East. Provincial Highway 7, part of the Trans-Canada Highway, connects to Lindsay heading west and eventually to Ottawa heading east. Other Provincial Highways important to Peterborough are Highway 7A, which junctions onto Highway 115 just southwest of the city, and Highway 28, which routes from Highway 7 just east of the city to Lakefield and on further north.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Public transit in the city of Peterborough is run by Peterborough Transit which runs 9 regular bus routes and 3 colour-coded community bus routes throughout the city. Peterborough Transit's central terminal is located on Simcoe Street in the city's downtown core and includes a customer service desk where passes can be purchased and inquiries can be made during regular business hours. In July 2021, Peterborough city council opted to keep the temporary changes made to the bus routes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This included a change from a radial-based bus network to a grid-based bus network.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Other transit agencies provide service to Peterborough and popular destinations in the region, including Trent University. GO Transit established a bus service from Peterborough to Oshawa starting September 5, 2009 that provides service to Trent University. A rural transit option connecting Curve Lake and Selwyn to Trent University was launched May 3, 2021.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is served by Canadian Pacific Railway. No passenger services currently exist, but the federal government plans to reinstate a new high-speed rail route between Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal and Quebec City that would stop along the way in Peterborough along existing rail lines not currently used for passenger train travel. Then-MP Dean Del Mastro lobbied for passenger rail to be brought back to the small city, and there has been government funding put aside for a Peterborough–Toronto rail link.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough's disused railway station is historically significant for its association with the early development of the Canadian Pacific Railway and its predecessor the Ontario and Quebec Railway.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is home to several multi-use trails for exclusive use by pedestrians and cyclists that crisscross the city and connect to destinations like Trent University, rural farmland, and nearby towns or villages. In 2022 the city is considering adopting a cycling master plan that would add to the existing multi-use trails and add or improve bike routes in the city to increase safety, connections, and year-round maintenance to support year-round use.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Rotary Greenway Trail is a 25 kilometre stretch of multi-use trail with benches, historic, environmental and ecological signage that travels through the city of Peterborough from Little Lake and continues past Trent University to the village of Lakefield in Selwyn Township.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Jackson Creek Kiwanis trail is a 10 kilometre stretch of the Trans-Canada Trail that connects from Jackson Park in Peterborough to the towns of Hastings and Lindsay. This multi-use path also travels along the Otonabee River through Millennium park.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Parkway Trail is a 4 kilometres long multi-use trail that runs between Jackson Park and Riverview Park and Zoo.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Crawford trail is a multi-use trail that is 2 kilometres long and is being extended between Townsend street and Monaghan road.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: From the west end of the city along Technology Drive, you can access a parking lot and trailhead for the 33 km Lang-Hastings Trail.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Since 2013 Peterborough's provision of sidewalks policy has required sidewalks be constructed on both sides of any newly constructed street and be provided on both sides of any existing street. This includes a provision to add boulevards where feasible between sidewalks and the roadway to provide a planted buffer between cars and pedestrians.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is served by the Peterborough Utilities Group (PUG), formerly the Peterborough Utilities Commission, which provides electricity and water to the city and its residents. It is currently entirely owned by the City of Peterborough. They have been in operation for over 90 years. The PUG has recently started expanding outside of city water and electricity distribution and have begun to develop and operate electricity generation (notably the 8 MW Trent Rapids hydroelectric project [2010] and the 10 MW Lily Lake Solar Farm [2011], which capitalize on the Province of Ontario's feed-in tariff program), telecom services, energy equipment rentals, and commercial metering services both in Peterborough and throughout the province. Natural gas for heating is provided locally by Enbridge Inc.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is home to the Peterborough Regional Health Centre (PRHC), which serves Peterborough, Peterborough County, Northumberland County, the City of Kawartha Lakes, Haliburton County and Hastings County. It is located at 1 Hospital Drive and, prior to the completion of its new facility in June 2008, also provided some services from the old St. Joseph's site at 384 Rogers Street. The PRHC is part of the Central East Local Health Integration Network, provides 400 beds and houses one of the busiest emergency departments in Ontario. Peterborough is home to four methadone clinics and many centres for addiction treatment and counselling.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board (KPRDSB) is the public English language school board that serves the local area. Its headquarters are located at 1994 Fisher Drive, Peterborough. Over 35,000 students attend its schools and it encompasses almost 7,000 square kilometres, taking the place of the former Peterborough County Board of Education and Northumberland-Clarington Board of Education. It stretches from the north of Peterborough County south to Lake Ontario, and from Hastings County in the east to the City of Kawartha Lakes and the City of Oshawa in the west. As of 2010, the KPRDSB operates 82 elementary schools, 15 secondary schools and four adult learning centres serving both the urban area and the outlying rural communities. Of those, 16 elementary schools, five secondary schools and one adult learning centre are located within the city. The Board offers a French Immersion program where students learn French and English through elementary and secondary school; in Peterborough, five elementary schools and one high school host this program.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Peterborough Victoria Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board is the Separate English language school board for the region. It is headquartered at 1355 Lansdowne Street West, Peterborough, and presently operates 33 elementary schools and five secondary schools. Of these, nine elementary and two secondary schools operate within the city.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: The Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud is the Separate French language school board for the South-Central region of Ontario, which includes Peterborough. It presently operates 41 elementary schools and eight secondary schools, of which the only school in Peterborough is the elementary school Monseigneur-Jamot.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Established in 1964, Trent University is a small liberal arts- and science-oriented institution. Trent's academic focus is on environmental, cultural and science studies. The main Symons Campus of Trent, located in the city's far north end, is approximately , over half of which is a part of Trent's Nature Areas, an ecologically diverse wildlife nature reserve.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Trent University operates largely through its colleges: Champlain, Lady Eaton, Catharine Parr Traill, Otonabee, Peter Gzowski and Julian Blackburn. Each college has its own residence halls, dining room and student government, except for Catharine Parr Traill (which consists only of part-time students and is located near downtown Peterborough) and Julian Blackburn (which is mostly administrative).


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Established in 1967, Fleming College (formerly Sir Sandford Fleming College), is a multidisciplinary institution with two primary campuses within the city of Peterborough:


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Sutherland Campus is located on Brealey Drive in the city's west end, and has recently undergone a massive expansion. The new St. Joseph's at Fleming is the first long-term care facility to be built on a college or university campus. In 2005, the Peterborough Sport & Wellness Centre was constructed to accommodate the college's athletic needs.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: McRae Campus was located in a renovated textile mill located on McDonnel Street near Monaghan Road. Formerly the School of Continuing Education and Skilled Trades, the campus closed in 2014 when the Kawartha Trades and Technology Centre opened on the Sutherland Campus.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Kawartha Lakes Bible College (KLBC) is a small evangelical Bible college affiliated with the Plymouth Brethren. The school opened in 1973, and moved to its current location in 2001.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Master's College and Seminary is a Pentecostal Christian institution of higher education that consists of an on-campus bible college, a church-based seminary, and a global distance education program. The school has partnerships with Trent University and Tyndale University College and Seminary.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Peterborough is home to a disproportionately large number of radio stations compared to centres closer to Toronto. This is due in part to Peterborough's central location in a valley. Peterborough is also home to a single television station, CHEX-DT, which is the local Global O&O; as well as TVCogeco, a local cable television channel operated by Cogeco Cable. Peterborough has two main newspapers, the "Peterborough Examiner", which publishes six days a week except Sunday; and "Peterborough This Week", which publishes every Wednesday and Friday. A non-political publication called SNAP Peterborough is published monthly with sections for home, business, sporting events, etc. with a main focus on providing friendly and photographic news.


title: Peterborough, Ontario

text: Sandford Fleming originally came to the town in the late 1840s with his first impression finding it to be "rather a poor little place". However, since, there have been a number of people of note, including athletes, musicians, authors and more who made Peterborough their home. Two of particular note are Catherine Parr Traill, the author of "The Backwoods of Canada", who was an early settler, and Lester B. Pearson, the former Prime Minister, who attended local school PCVS.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: Martha MacIsaac (born October 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in several feature films, including "Superbad" (2007), "The Last House on the Left" (2009), "Dead Before Dawn" (2012), and, most recently, "Battle of the Sexes" (2017). She has also worked in television and as a voice actress.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: MacIsaac was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the youngest of three girls; her mother Irene was one of twelve.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: MacIsaac started her career playing Emily Byrd Starr in the "Emily of New Moon" television series, based on the books by Lucy Maud Montgomery.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: She has appeared in several plays including the 2006 play "The Wild Duck" in which she played Hedwig and was nominated for a Dora Mavor Moore Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Female in a Principal Role - Play". In 2009, she played Paige in a remake of the Wes Craven film "The Last House on the Left". She also performed in three consecutive productions of Soulpepper Theatre Company's "Our Town" as Emily, beginning in 2006.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: In a 2007 "Entertainment Weekly" article, she stated she has been inspired by Julia Roberts from the age of four and was self-described as "obsessed". She also stated she would like to perform alongside her in a film, particularly "a female version of "Twins"".


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: In late 2012, MacIsaac began a main role on the NBC comedy "1600 Penn" as the president's eldest daughter, Becca. Brittany Snow was originally cast as Becca but because she did not physically resemble and fit in well with the other family members, Martha MacIsaac was cast instead. In a 2012 interview with the CBC Radio series "Island Morning", she did reveal that "1600 Penn" was her last audition before she considered returning to Canada.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: She was married to film producer, director and writer Torre Catalano from 2010 to 2015. As of 2013, she lives in Los Angeles.


title: Martha MacIsaac

text: On December 5, 2018, Martha became engaged to her boyfriend, Kyle McCullough. They eloped 3 days later. They announced their pregnancy on April 7, 2019 and welcomed their first son, Isaac Kelly McCullough in mid-October 2019.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Laura Ann Osnes (born November 19, 1985) is an American actress and singer known for her work on the Broadway stage. She has played starring roles in "Grease" as Sandy, "South Pacific" as Nellie Forbush, "Anything Goes" as Hope Harcourt, and "Bonnie and Clyde" as Bonnie Parker, for which she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. She also starred in the title role of Rodgers & Hammerstein's "Cinderella" on Broadway, for which she received a Drama Desk Award and her second Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes was born in Burnsville, Minnesota, raised in nearby Eagan, a suburb of Saint Paul, and is a professed Christian. Her first acting performance was in the second grade, where she played a munchkin in "The Wizard of Oz". She attended Eagan High School. Osnes attended the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point for one year as a Musical Theatre major, before dropping out to pursue a professional career.


title: Laura Osnes

text: In 2005–2006 she returned to Minneapolis to be a performing apprentice at the Children's Theatre Company, performing in "Working", "Aladdin Jr.", "Prom", and "Pippi Longstocking". She also played the lead of Sandy in "Grease" at the nation's largest dinner theatre, the Chanhassen Dinner Theatres, but her run was cut short when she was chosen to compete in the nationally televised Broadway talent competition "".


title: Laura Osnes

text: Long-time boyfriend Nathan Johnson proposed to Osnes on December 23, 2006. They were married on May 11, 2007. They live in Manhattan with their dog, Lyla.


title: Laura Osnes

text: In 2015, Osnes was a judge and mentor for the Songbook Academy, a summer intensive for high school students operated by the Great American Songbook Foundation and founded by Michael Feinstein.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Laura Osnes was nicknamed "Small Town Sandy" in the show. She was a favorite to win during the entire course of the show, never showing up in the "sing-off" bottom two during the show's run. She was named the winner on March 25, 2007, which meant she would perform the lead character of Sandy opposite Max Crumm, who won the role of "Danny".


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes and Crumm played their final performances as Sandy and Danny on July 20, 2008, and they were succeeded by Ashley Spencer and Derek Keeling, two of the runners-up of "Grease: You're the One that I Want!".


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes starred in the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts' "Broadway: Three Generations", a three-act evening featuring condensed versions of Girl Crazy, Bye Bye Birdie, and Side Show. The show was presented at the Kennedy Center's Eisenhower Theater October 2–5, 2008. She then played Elizabeth (Lizzy) Bennet for the concert version of the new Broadway-aimed musical "Pride & Prejudice" that was presented October 21, 2008 at the Eastman Theatre in Rochester, New York. In early December Osnes returned home to Minneapolis and performed in a local Christmas pageant. On January 11, 2009, she took part in the "Rock Tenor Showcase", a showcase of a new concert experience that melds classical and Broadway music with rock-n-roll songs, at the Florence Gould Hall in Manhattan, and then sang at Dreamlight Theatre Company's "Bright Lights" concert series on the evening of January 26 entitled "A Night with The Ladies".


title: Laura Osnes

text: In March 2009, Osnes took over the role of Ensign Nellie Forbush in the Lincoln Center Theater Broadway revival of "South Pacific". She stayed with the show through October 4, 2009, when the production's original star, Kelli O'Hara, returned from maternity leave. She then starred as Bonnie Parker in the world premiere of "Bonnie & Clyde" at the La Jolla Playhouse from November 10 to December 20, 2009. Osnes returned to the role of Nellie in "South Pacific" on Broadway on January 5, 2010. She played her final performance on August 8, 2010. She reprised the role of Bonnie in "Bonnie & Clyde" at the Asolo Repertory Theatre, Sarasota, Florida in November and December 2010.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes then played Hope Harcourt in the Broadway revival of "Anything Goes", which began previews on March 10, 2011, and officially opened on April 7, 2011, starring Sutton Foster and Joel Grey. For this role Osnes received nominations for the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical as well as the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. She was also nominated for an Astaire Award for excellence in dance. Osnes departed the production on September 11, 2011.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Beginning previews on November 4, 2011 with a December 1 opening night, Osnes once again played Bonnie, this time in the Broadway debut of "Bonnie and Clyde" at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre. She was joined by her Asolo Rep castmate Jeremy Jordan as Clyde. The show received negative reviews, had lackluster ticket sales and closed on December 30, 2011. However, despite the critics' distaste for the production, Osnes received rave reviews for her performance as well as her first Tony Award nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes next performed at the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors in a tribute to Barbara Cook alongside Sutton Foster, Rebecca Luker, Kelli O'Hara, Patti LuPone, Glenn Close and Audra McDonald.


title: Laura Osnes

text: In January 2012, she played the title character in a reading of a reworked adaptation of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, "Cinderella". She then led the Encores! stage concert production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Pipe Dream", based on John Steinbeck's novel "Sweet Thursday". Under the direction of Marc Bruni, the production ran from March 28 to April 1, 2012. On April 24, 2012, Osnes headlined a concert performance of "The Sound of Music" at Carnegie Hall (New York City) as Maria. Also featured were Tony Goldwyn as Captain von Trapp, Brooke Shields as Elsa Schraeder and Patrick Page as Max Detweiler.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes starred in the title role of "Cinderella" on Broadway, which began previews at the Broadway Theatre on January 25 and opened on March 3, 2013. Osnes received positive reviews, won a 2013 Drama Desk award and was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance. She left the production on January 26, 2014, and was replaced by Carly Rae Jepsen.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes starred as Polly Peachum in the Atlantic Theatre Company's Off-Broadway revival of "The Threepenny Opera" from March to May 2014. For this role, Osnes received her second nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. Osnes starred as Julie Jordan in the Lyric Opera of Chicago's production of "Carousel", alongside Steven Pasquale, in spring 2015. The production closed on May 3, 2015. The production received positive reviews.


title: Laura Osnes

text: She took part in the world premiere of the new original musical, "Bandstand", directed and choreographed by Andy Blankenbuehler, which premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse, New Jersey from October 8 through November 8, 2015. The musical has music by Richard Oberacker and book and lyrics by Robert Taylor and Oberacker. Osnes most recently starred in the musical on Broadway at the Jacobs Theatre, with her co-star Corey Cott. It opened on April 26, 2017, with previews beginning March 31. The production closed on Broadway on September 17, 2017, after 24 previews and 166 regular performances.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Following the closing of "Bandstand", Osnes has performed frequently in the Broadway Princess Party show that premiered at Feinstein's/54 Below, which she also hosts and co-developed with music director Benjamin Rauhala. The Princess Party has become a recurring live event at that venue that gathers both popular and up-and-coming stage actresses; at these performances, each actress assumes the identity of a Disney Princess and performs a song from stage or screen in character as that princess, with Osnes typically emceeing and performing as Cinderella. She also performs in this show on the road consistently with fellow Broadway actresses Susan Egan ("Beauty and the Beast", "Hercules") and Courtney Reed ("Aladdin").


title: Laura Osnes

text: In August 2021, Osnes exited a concert production of "Crazy For You" at the Guild Hall in East Hampton, NY after the producers mandated COVID-19 vaccinations for performers, though she denied the initial reports that said she was fired and said she chose to exit and defended her decision to not get vaccinated.


title: Laura Osnes

text: In 2011 Osnes was cast in the pilot for HBO's "The Miraculous Year", starring Lee Pace, Susan Sarandon, Patti LuPone, Eddie Redmayne and Norbert Leo Butz; the show was not picked up by the network. In 2013, she voiced a guest spot for the Nickelodeon children's show "Team Umizoomi" as "Sunny the Sunshine Fairy." In 2013 she appeared in an episode of the CBS television series "Elementary".


title: Laura Osnes

text: In 2015, she was the guest artist for the annual Pioneer Day Concert of the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square, "Music for a Summer Evening", broadcast on BYUtv. She also performed with the Tabernacle Choir, the Orchestra at Temple Square, and the Bells on Temple Square for the annual Christmas Concerts of the Tabernacle Choir in December (2015), broadcast on PBS. On July 4, 2017, she performed in PBS’ "A Capitol Fourth", which was broadcast live from the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol.


title: Laura Osnes

text: Osnes starred in the Hallmark Channel film "In the Key of Love", starring alongside Scott Michael Foster, as Maggie Case. The movie was released on the network on August 11, 2019. She also starred as Charlotte in Hallmark Movies & Mysteries' "A Homecoming for the Holidays" and as Anna in Hallmark Channel's "One Royal Holiday" alongside Aaron Tveit and Victoria Clark.


title: Laura Osnes

text: In August 2021, during the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Osnes publicly revealed that she had chosen not to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. It was initially reported that Osnes had been fired from a one-night production of "Crazy For You" at the Guild Hall in East Hampton due to her refusal to be vaccinated, but Osnes later refuted the claim that she was fired. In a statement that she posted to her Instagram account, Osnes said, “A month ago, I was informed that the protocols [at the theater] had changed and I would now need proof of vaccination to participate,” she wrote. “I was disappointed but responded that I would have to withdraw...I would have tested in a heartbeat,” she wrote, “something I have been doing for months, and will continue to do, in order to keep working safely.” Osnes noted one reason she was remaining unvaccinated had to do with 'family planning.'


title: Richard Todd

text: Richard Andrew Palethorpe-Todd (11 June 19193 December 2009) was an Irish-British actor known for his leading man roles of the 1950s. He received a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Male, and an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance as Corporal Lachlan MacLachlan in the 1949 film "The Hasty Heart". His other notable roles include Jonathan Cooper in "Stage Fright" (1950), Wing Commander Guy Gibson in "The Dam Busters" (1955), Sir Walter Raleigh in "The Virgin Queen" (1955), and Major John Howard in "The Longest Day" (1962). He was previously a Captain in the British Army during World War II, fighting in the D-Day landings as a member of the 7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion.


title: Richard Todd

text: Richard Todd was born in Dublin. His father, Andrew William Palethorpe-Todd, was an Irish physician and an international Irish rugby player who gained three caps for his country. Richard spent a few of his childhood years in India, where his father, an officer in the British Army, served as a physician. Later his family moved to Devon, and Todd attended Shrewsbury School.


title: Richard Todd

text: Upon leaving school, Todd trained for a potential military career at Sandhurst before beginning his acting training at the Italia Conti Academy in London. This change in career led to estrangement from his mother. When he learned at the age of 19 that she had committed suicide, he did not grieve long (or so he admitted in later life).


title: Richard Todd

text: He first appeared professionally as an actor at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park in 1936 in a production of "Twelfth Night". He played in regional theatres and then co-founded the Dundee Repertory Theatre in Scotland in 1939. He also appeared as an extra in British films including "Good Morning, Boys" (1937), "A Yank at Oxford" (1938) and "Old Bones of the River" (1939).


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd enlisted soon after the outbreak of the Second World War, entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in late 1939. On 29 January 1941, he was one of 26 cadets injured when 'D' Block of New College was hit by a German bomb in an attack by the Luftwaffe. In his memoirs, he describes seeing the bomb pass through the ceiling in front of him before he was blown out of the building by its blast, landing on a grass bank and suffering lacerations; five cadets were killed in the incident. Todd passed out in the spring of 1941; i.e, completed the course. On the day he received his commission, he tried to join several friends at the Café de Paris in London, but could not get a table booked for the evening. That evening, the venue was destroyed in an air raid and 15 newly commissioned subalterns were killed.


title: Richard Todd

text: He was commissioned into the 2nd/4th Battalion of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (KOYLI). Following arctic warfare training in Iceland he returned to the UK as a lieutenant (having been promoted to that rank on 1 October 1942). For a short while he was posted, at his request, as liaison officer to the 42nd Armoured Division then applied to join the Parachute Regiment to have a better chance at seeing action. He was accepted and after training was posted to the 7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion as part of the 6th Airborne Division. On 6 June 1944, he participated in Operation Tonga during the D-Day landings. He was among the first British soldiers to land in Normandy and the first Irishman. His battalion parachuted after glider-borne forces had landed to capture the Pegasus Bridge near Caen. During the operation he met Major John Howard on the bridge and was involved in helping to repulse counter-attacks by the forces in the area. Five days after D-Day, while still in the bridge defence area, he was promoted to captain. Todd later played Howard in the 1962 film "The Longest Day", recreating these events.


title: Richard Todd

text: After three months fighting in Normandy, the 6th Airborne Division returned to the UK to reconstitute and went back to the continent three months later as emergency reinforcements to halt the Battle of the Bulge the German offensive in the Ardennes. Short of transport as they advanced into Germany, Todd, as the motor transport officer, was responsible for gathering a rag-tag selection of commandeered vehicles to ferry troops forward. After VE day, the division returned to the UK for a few weeks, then was sent on counter-insurgency operations in Palestine. During this posting he was seriously injured when his Jeep overturned, breaking both shoulders and receiving a concussion. He returned to the UK to be demobilised in 1946.


title: Richard Todd

text: After the war, Todd was unsure what direction to take in his career. His former agent, Robert Lennard, had become a casting agent for Associated British Picture Corporation and advised him to try out for the Dundee Repertory Company. Todd did so, performing in plays such as "Claudia", where he appeared with Catherine Grant-Bogle, who became his first wife. Lennard arranged for a screen test and Associated British offered him a long-term contract in 1948. He was cast in the lead in "For Them That Trespass" (1949), directed by Alberto Cavalcanti. The film was a minor hit and Todd's career was launched.


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd had appeared in the Dundee Repertory stage version of John Patrick's play "The Hasty Heart", portraying the role of Yank and was chosen to appear in the 1948 London stage version of the play, this time in the leading role of Cpl. Lachlan McLachlan. This led to his being cast in that role in the Warner Bros. film adaptation of the play, filmed in Britain, alongside Ronald Reagan and Patricia Neal. Todd was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the role in 1949. He was also voted favourite British male film star in Britain's National Film Awards.


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd became much in demand. He was lent to Constellation Films to appear in the thriller "The Interrupted Journey" (1949). Alfred Hitchcock then used him in "Stage Fright" (1950), opposite Marlene Dietrich and Jane Wyman – Hitchcock's first British film in Britain since 1939.


title: Richard Todd

text: Associated British put him in the drama "Portrait of Clare" (1950), which did not perform well at the box office. Neither did "Flesh and Blood" (1951) for London Films, in which Todd had a dual role. Director King Vidor offered Todd a lead in "Lightning Strikes Twice" (1951).


title: Richard Todd

text: Far more popular was "The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men" (1952), in which Todd played the title role for Walt Disney Productions.


title: Richard Todd

text: Associated British put him in "24 Hours of a Woman's Life" (1952), with Merle Oberon. The Rank Organisation borrowed him for "Venetian Bird" (1952), directed by Ralph Thomas.


title: Richard Todd

text: Disney reunited the "Robin Hood" team in "The Sword and the Rose" (1953), with Todd as Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. It was not as popular as "Robin Hood" in the U.S. but performed well in Europe. The same went for Disney's "Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue" (1953), in which Todd played the title role. Disney pulled back on making costume films as a result.


title: Richard Todd

text: In 1953, he appeared in a BBC television adaptation of the novel "Wuthering Heights" as Heathcliff. Nigel Kneale, responsible for the adaptation, said the production came about purely because Todd had turned up at the BBC and told them that he would like to play Heathcliff for them. Kneale had to write the script in only a week as the broadcast was rushed into production.


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd's career received a boost when 20th Century-Fox signed him to a non-exclusive contract and cast him as the United States Senate Chaplain Peter Marshall in the film version of Catherine Marshall's best selling biography "A Man Called Peter" (1955), which was a popular success.


title: Richard Todd

text: Even more popular was "The Dam Busters" (1955) in which Todd played Wing Commander Guy Gibson. This was the most successful film at the British box office in 1955 and became the defining role of Todd's movie career.


title: Richard Todd

text: 20th Century Fox offered Todd "The Virgin Queen" (1955), playing Sir Walter Raleigh opposite Bette Davis' Queen Elizabeth I. It did not do as well as "Peter".


title: Richard Todd

text: In France, he played Axel Fersen opposite Michèle Morgan in "Marie Antoinette Queen of France" (1956), which was popular in France but not widely seen elsewhere. Fox cast him in "D-Day the Sixth of June" (1956), opposite Robert Taylor, which was a mild success.


title: Richard Todd

text: "" (1957) was an attempt to repeat the success of "The Dam Busters", with the same director (Michael Anderson) and Todd playing another real-life hero. It was popular in Britain but not on the scale of "The Dam Busters". He was Dunois, Bastard of Orléans in "Saint Joan" (1957), directed by Otto Preminger.


title: Richard Todd

text: "Chase a Crooked Shadow" (1958) was a thriller with director Anderson for Associated British. "Intent to Kill" (1958) was another thriller, this time for Fox, with Betsy Drake. He returned to war films with "Danger Within" (1958), a POW story. Then there were more thrillers, with "Never Let Go" (1960), directed by John Guillermin and co-starring Peter Sellers in a rare straight acting role; Todd gave what has been called one of his best performances.


title: Richard Todd

text: Few of these films had been overly popular but Todd was still the top-billed star of "The Long and the Short and the Tall" (1961), with Laurence Harvey and Richard Harris. He tried comedy with "Don't Bother to Knock" (1961), then made "The Hellions" (1961).


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd's cinema career rapidly declined in the 1960s as the counter-culture movement in the Arts became fashionable in Britain, with social-realist dramas commercially replacing the more middle-class orientated dramatic productions that Todd's performance character-type had previously excelled in.


title: Richard Todd

text: "The Boys" (1962) was a courtroom drama film in which Todd played the lead prosecuting barrister. He had a good part among the many stars in "The Longest Day" (1962), playing Major John Howard during the airborne action just before and on D-Day in which he had taken part in 1944 (another actor portrayed Todd); this was his biggest hit for some time. He appeared in "The Very Edge" (1963), a thriller, then he played Harry Sanders in two films for Harry Alan Towers: "Death Drums Along the River(1963)" and "Coast of Skeletons" (1965). He also had a small role in Anderson's "Operation Crossbow" (1965).


title: Richard Todd

text: He had a supporting part in "The Battle of the Villa Fiorita" (1965) and the lead in "The Love-Ins" (1968).


title: Richard Todd

text: In the 1970s, he gained new fans when he appeared as the reader for Radio Four's "Morning Story". In the 1980s, his distinctive voice was heard as narrator of "Wings Over the World", a 13-part documentary series about the history of aviation shown on Arts & Entertainment television. He appeared before the camera in the episode about the Lancaster bomber. Todd continued to act on television, including roles in "Virtual Murder"; "Silent Witness" and in the "Doctor Who" story ""Kinda"" in 1982. In 1989, he appeared in the first episode of the sixth season of "Murder, She Wrote" in which he played Colonel Alex Schofield in the episode titled "Appointment in Athens".


title: Richard Todd

text: He formed Triumph Theatre Productions with Duncan C. Weldon and Paul Elliott in the late 1960s. This company produced more than 100 plays, musicals and pantomimes all over the country; some of them starred Todd.


title: Richard Todd

text: His acting career extended into his 80s, and he made several appearances in British shows such as "Heartbeat" and "The Royal". He appeared in The Royal as Hugh Hurst, a retired solicitor, in the episode "Kiss and Tell" (2003); his last appearance in "Heartbeat" was as Major Harold Beecham in the 2007 episode "Seeds of Destruction".


title: Richard Todd

text: He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" on two occasions: in March 1960 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC's Lime Grove Studios; and in November 1988 when Michael Aspel surprised him on stage at the Theatre Royal Windsor.


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd was the first choice of author Ian Fleming to play James Bond in "Dr. No", but a scheduling conflict gave the role to Sean Connery. In the 1960s, Todd unsuccessfully attempted to produce a film of Ian Fleming's "The Diamond Smugglers" and a television series based on true accounts of the Queen's Messengers. He was also announced for a proposed film about William Shakespeare.


title: Richard Todd

text: In his book "British Film Character Actors" (1982), Terence Pettigrew described Todd as "an actor who made the most of what he had, which could be summed up as an inability to sit still while there was a horse to leap astride, a swollen river to swim or a tree to vanish into."


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd was married twice; both marriages ended in divorce. His first wife was actress Catherine Grant-Bogle, whom he met in Dundee Repertory. They were married from 1949 until 1970. They had a son, Peter (1952–2005), and a daughter, Fiona. In 1960 he had a son Jeremy Todd-Nelson with model Patricia Nelson. He was married to model Virginia Mailer from 1970 until 1992; they had two sons, Andrew and Seumas (1977–1997). In retirement, Todd lived in the village of Little Ponton and later in Little Humby, eight miles from Grantham, Lincolnshire. Two of Todd's five children died by suicide. In 1997, Seumas Palethorpe-Todd shot himself in the head at the family home in Lincolnshire; an inquest determined that the suicide might have been a depressive reaction to the drug he was taking for severe acne. On 21 September 2005, Peter killed himself with a shotgun in East Malling, Kent, following marital difficulties.


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd was a supporter of Second World War commemoration events, particularly those associated with the Normandy landings and 617 Squadron RAF. He continued to be identified in the public consciousness with Guy Gibson from his portrayal of him in the 1950s film, and attended 617 Squadron anniversaries up to 2008. He narrated a television documentary about the Squadron, and contributed forewords to several books on the subject, including "The Dam Buster Story" (2003); "Filming the Dam Busters" (2005); and "Bouncing-Bomb Man: The Science of Sir Barnes Wallis" (2009).


title: Richard Todd

text: Todd died after a battle with cancer at his home near Grantham in Lincolnshire on 3 December 2009. His body was buried between his two sons Seumas and Peter at St. Guthlac's Church in Little Ponton in the county of Lincolnshire. The gravestone's epitaph reads "Richard Andrew Palethorpe Todd, 1919–2009, husband of Virginia and Kitty, loving father of Peter, Fiona, Andrew, Seumas and Jeremy, Exit Dashing Young Blade" (a reference to the Queen Mother's description of him).


title: Richard Todd

text: British exhibitors regularly listed Todd among the most popular local stars at the box office in various polls:


title: Gims

text: Gandhi Bilel Djuna (; born 6 May 1986), better known by his stage name Maître Gims () and more recently just Gims (, ; sometimes stylized as GIMS), is a Congolese-French rapper, singer and songwriter. He grew up in France and currently lives in France and Morocco. He is a former member of the hip hop group Sexion d'Assaut and released his first major album, "Subliminal" in 2013. The album sold over a million copies in France and peaked at number two in the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. His other two albums follow: "Mon cœur avait raison" in 2015 and "Ceinture noire" in 2018 reached number one in France and Belgium (Wallonia) and peaked in the top 40 in various European countries, including Denmark, Italy and Switzerland.


title: Gims

text: He has topped the French singles charts four times, including once as a featured artist, most recently in 2018 with his song "La même". The song was the most performed in France in 2018 and it helped Gims become the most performed artist on French television and radio for the same year.


title: Gims

text: In 2018, he was the 7th most performed artist in the world on Deezer. During his career he has worked with several international artists such as Sia, Pitbull, Lil Wayne, Stromae, Maluma, Sting and others. He has sold over 5 million records, including 3 million albums since the start of his career.


title: Gims

text: In 2020, he won the International Artist of the Year in Distinctive International Arab Festivals Awards after his featuring in Mohamed Ramadan's song "Ya habibi". On 17 September 2020, Netflix released a documentary about the last ten years of his career titled "".


title: Gims

text: Gandhi Djuna was born on 6 May 1986 in Kinshasa, Zaire (Now the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1997). He comes from a family of musicians: his father Djanana Djuna is the singer of Papa Wemba's Viva La Musica troupe. He arrived in France in 1988 at the age of two, with his parents who were then foreigners in an irregular situation.


title: Gims

text: Because of his parents hiding, he explains having had a difficult childhood. He was placed with foster families, before living in squats until he was 18 years old. This passage from his life is mentioned in his book "Vise le soleil". He is part of a family of fourteen children. He is the brother of Dadju, member of the group The Shin Sekaï, of Bedjik, Afi (formerly Xgangs) and Djelass all three rappers. On his first album "Subliminal" (2013), they participate in the song "Outsider". Gims grew up in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. His family then moved to the 9th arrondissement and finally to the 19th arrondissement. Gims studied graphic design and communication.


title: Gims

text: In 2002, Gims formed with the rappers JR O Crom and Makan the trio Prototype 3015. The name of the group was chosen in reference to a film, mainly for its "combative" meaning. The name Sexion d'Assaut also includes a reference to the Sturmabteilung (SA), in French "Section d'Assaut", a famous Nazi paramilitary unit, which the group learns by chance during a concert for the City of Paris. In 2005, the trio merged with Assonance, another group from the Sexion d'Assaut collective. The group is now called 3rd Prototype.


title: Gims

text: After a few pieces produced independently, Sexion d'Assault meets their agent, Dawala, in the cellars of Châtelet-Les Halles in Paris. With Dawala, the 3rd Prototype released its first mixtape, "La Terre du Milieu", on 13 May 2006. Gims designed the CD cover. In 2007, they released the album "Le Renouveau", which contained the well-known piece "Anti Tectonick".


title: Gims

text: Through Prototype 3015 first, then Prototype 3, Gims is part of the Sexion d'Assaut supergroup. Sexion d'Assaut released his first songs between 2002 and 2003. Among them, we find Gang yaba Gang, Coup 2 pression and Frères de rue. With Sexion d'Assault, Gims participates twice in the "12 Inch'All Star", a famous rap competition in the Parisian underground which takes place at the Batofar. He came in second place and gained notoriety, now known as one of the best kickers (freestylers) in France.


title: Gims

text: In 2008, the group presented monthly freestyles called Les Chroniques du mois: each month, at least two freestyle songs were released via audio or video. In January 2009, Sexion d'Assaut published a net-tape renamed "Les Chroniques du 75", a compilation also containing previously unreleased tracks, including the solo piece "À 30%" by Gims.


title: Gims

text: Sexion d'Assaut's second street album, "L'Écrasement de tête", was released in May 2009 on Because Music. The last sub-entity of the supergroup, 3rd Prototype, disappears completely. "LÉcrasement de tête" acquired a certain notoriety with the general public thanks to titles and music videos, including "T'es bête ou quoi?" and "Wati Bon Son" (in collaboration with Dry). Sexion d'Assaut goes on tour, notably opening for Orelsan and Medina. The Head Crush sells more than 50,000 copies. Following the release of "LÉcrasement de tête", the group left Because Music due to misunderstandings and signed with Sony Music Entertainment.


title: Gims

text: In 2010, Sexion d'Assaut released the studio album "L'École des points vitaux". Gims is credited there as a singer-songwriter. He composed the instrumental tracks of several pieces, including "Ils appellent ça "Casquette à l'envers". Other beatmakers also participate in the album, such as SoulChildren with "La drogue te donne des ailes". The album met with great success with the general public, selling over 400,000 copies. The group opens for Suprême NTM at the Parc des Princes and performs at the Zénith de Paris.


title: Gims

text: In April 2011, a controversy broke out over the group's openly homophobic claims. In reaction to criticism, Sexion d'Assaut decided to release a mixtape entitled "", which despite everything met with success with titles like "Paris va bien" and "Qui t'a dit". The project contains a DVD including one of the clips of the songs present, as well as a documentary retracing the group's journey.


title: Gims

text: In March 2012, they released their second album, "L'Apogée", which was more successful than the first. The album sold over 700,000 copies. The same year, Gims published an online comic entitled "Au cœur du vortex".


title: Gims

text: In parallel with his career with Sexion d'Assaut, Gims tried his hand at musical composition. At the end of 2006, he released his first solo project, an Extended play entitled "Pour ceux qui dorment les yeux ouverts". The EP is produced by ATK's Fredy K and Noko. Pressed to very few copies, the disc aims to make Gims known to the general public. The record features tracks with Sexion d'Assaut, Scred Connexion rapper Koma and a singer named Carole.


title: Gims

text: On 29 January 2013, in the video "Welcome to the Wa Part. 4: La Consecration", Gims announces the release of his first solo studio album, "Subliminal", for 20 May 2013. On 1 March Gims publishes "Meurtre par strangulation". On 15 March he unveils "J'me tire", his second single which remains ranked number 1 on the French charts for four consecutive weeks, the clip being released on 10 April 2013. In an interview on the Rapelite.com site, Gims confirms the presence of rapper Pitbull on a track entitled "Pas touché". His three brothers, Bedjik, Dadju and X-Gang, from the group MM Solja, are reunited on the track "Outsider".


title: Gims

text: On 4 May he published "Bella". On 13 May it broadcasts "VQ2PQ" exclusively on Skyrock. On 14 May it broadcasts, still exclusively, It Works, in collaboration with The Shin Sekaï. Subliminal is released on 20 May.


title: Gims

text: To promote it, Gims unveils previously unreleased tracks, which will not be part of the album, in the form of a series of video clips entitled This is not a clip. On the commercial side, the album is certified double diamond disc with more than 1 million sales.


title: Gims

text: On 31 May 2013, he performed his first solo concert at the Olympia. He participates in the album "Racine carrée" of Stromae on the song "AVF" featuring with Orelsan. Gims announces that he wants to take a break after the last date of the Sexion d'Assaut tour, 28 September 2013 at the Stade de France for Urban Peace, which also brings together IAM, Orelsan, Youssoupha, La Fouine, Psy 4 de la Rime, Rohff and Stromae. He also intends to take care of his couple and his four children, whom he says he has seen too little because of his career (the oldest of his four children was born around 2008 and the youngest in 2013). The new Sexion d'Assaut album is then scheduled for November 2015.


title: Gims

text: In September 2013, he participated in the single "Game Over" by singer Vitaa. The song ranks first in sales of singles in France. On 22 November 2013, Gims unveils his new clip "Changer", which ranks 17th for the week of 1 December 2013. With this ballad, Gims hopes to reach a new, wider audience.


title: Gims

text: In February 2014, Gims was nominated in the Urban Music category at the Victoires de la Musique, but the award was finally awarded to the 1995 group. His solo career was nonetheless a success. According to the magazine Challenges, the singer is the second highest paid French artist of 2013, behind Mylène Farmer but just ahead of Johnny Hallyday.


title: Gims

text: In parallel with the announcement of his "Warano Tour", Gims published videos via social networks with extracts of songs that turned out to be those of his future album. In addition, he announces the release on 20 February 2016 of the seventh video of This is not a clip with Fuck Ramses which could not take place.


title: Gims

text: Although announced for the month of March, the release of the first single from the album "Est-ce que tu m'aimes?" took place on 28 April on Skyrock. In addition, he announces that the album will be divided into two parts: the Blue Pill which is a part made up of urban pop songs, and the Red Pill which is oriented towards rap. This concept was inspired by the movie "The Matrix". Some time later, the first single from The Red Pill titled "Melynda Gates" followed by a clip is released.


title: Gims

text: Then, Gims unveils the second extract of the Blue Pill called "Laissez passer", the clip of which brings together his family, his father and his brothers. At the end of July, Gims continues with "Longue vie" (Red Pill) with Lefa which marks his return to the music scene, the clip brings together all the Sexion d'Assaut.


title: Gims

text: The tracklist and the release date of the album are announced by Gims on social networks: the album will be released on 28 August. At the end of August, a new single: "Brisé", is available. Subsequently, he released 4 other singles from his double album ("Tu vas me manquer", "Je te pardonne", "ABCD" as well as "Sapés comme jamais"). Then he announced the reissue of his album which will be released on 26 August 2016. "Mon cœur avait raison" runs out to 700,000 copies.


title: Gims

text: On 23 April 2016, Gims gave a concert before the football match between Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and Lille OSC for the 2016 Coupe de la Ligue Final. He performs there excerpts from three of his hits "Est-ce que tu m'aimes?", "Bella" and "Sapés comme jamais".


title: Gims

text: The singer is booed by the spectators, upon his arrival on the lawn. When the rapper shouts to the audience "Shall we continue?" ", The spectators shout" No! ". Interviewed in Morocco, Gims reveals that he did not hear the whistles when he sang and that these violent criticisms did not shock him. He argues that the supporters are alcoholic and some of them were for Lille, while Gims is Parisian. The rapper ends by acknowledging that there are a lot of people who do not like his music but would be ready to redo the experience for his fans.


title: Gims

text: Gims announces the release of "Ceinture noire" on 9 November 2016. Having left the Wati B label in December 2016, the album is released on TF1 Group under the Play Two label. On 7 May 2017, shortly after his official announcement, Gims published an extract on Instagram entitled "Marabout". The title accompanied by a clip is officially released on its new YouTube channel on 12 May 2017.


title: Gims

text: On 10 November 2017, Gims broadcast the first official clip of "Ceinture noire", titled "Caméléon" on streaming platforms. On 12 December he posted the clip on his YouTube channel. The clip exceeds 10 million views in 2 weeks. "Ceinture noire" is released on 23 March 2018.


title: Gims

text: Gims unveils the tracklist and release date of his third solo album "Ceinture noire" for 23 March 2018, with 31 tracks + 3 bonus tracks to choose from. Then he reissued 4 bonus tracks on the "Ceinture noire" album in full version for 24 August 2018. On 14 March 2019 on YouTube, Gims finally released the reissue of the "Ceinture noire" album entitled "Transcendance" with 13 bonus tracks.


title: Gims

text: It includes South American superstar Maluma and J Balvin as well as Vitaa, his brother Dadju, Alonzo and Sting. In 2019, he sang "Reste" with Sting. The clip was shot in Transports en commun lyonnais. The album is currently certified diamond disc with over 990,000 sales. It is approaching 1,000,000 in sales, synonymous with the double diamond disc. On 28 September 2019, he officially became the first French-speaking rapper to fill the Stade de France with more than 72,000 spectators.


title: Gims

text: In 2020, Gims plans to release an album entirely in rap. The latter will be released on 6 November 2020 and will be called "Le Fléau". On 27 March 2020, during a live Instagram with Dadju, Gims replied that he confirmed a new album "Le Retour des Rois" for this year. "Here we are in the negotiations, of who, or, the album will be released, with whom it will be distributed. You know, the things a little technical."


title: Gims

text: On 30 March 2020 in this recording, Gims listens to several songs from the Sexion d'Assaut album "Le Retour des Rois" while driving in his car. On 2 May 2020, during a live return to Instagram with Sniper, Sefyu and Gradur. Gims has formalized his 100% rap album for the start of the 2020 school year at the latest, and "Le Retour des Rois" for the end of 2020, or even the beginning of 2021. After the end of the first confinement on 11 May 2020, Gims announces the return of the Sexion d'Assaut with the new album "Le Retour des Rois", scheduled for the fall.


title: Gims

text: The Sexion d'Assaut will make its comeback in concert at Paris La Défense Arena on 25 September 2021, a date officially set for January but postponed due to the raging health crisis. On 28 August 2020, Kendji Girac and Gims will unveil their title "Dernier Métro", produced as a duo. The same day, he released the first single from the album entitled "Yolo", an urban pop sound, very dancing in which he recounts his journey in music. On 17 September 2020, on Netflix, a documentary was released retracing the last ten years of his career titled "".


title: Gims

text: On 25 September 2020, he released the second single from the album entitled "Immortel", a purely rap sound featuring a very kicker Gims, from the time of the Sexion d'Assault. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of his album "Le Fléau" has been delayed indefinitely. On 26 November 2020, Gims announced on his social networks that his album "Le Fléau" would be released on 4 December. On 2 December 2020, Gims therefore unveils the tracklist of his fourth album "Le Fléau" with 17 tracks for 9 featurings. Among the featurings, we find some big names of French rap like Vald, Kaaris, Heuss l'Enfoiré or the revelations Leto, Bosh and Gazo. The album was certified platinum a month and a half after its release. On 17 March 2021, Gims publishes a new freestyle named "Pyongyang" in collaboration with l'nsolent.


title: Gims

text: On 5 April 2021, he published on streaming platforms a new title called "GJS" in collaboration with Jul and SCH, as well as the title called "Belle", in collaboration with Dadju and Slimane. He appears in a video supporting right-wing candidate Valérie Pecresse in the run-up to the 2021 regional elections in Île-de-France.


title: Gims

text: Gandhi Djuna married two women: a Frenchwoman who lives in Morocco, and with whom he had two children, from whom he is separated but would never have divorced; then a Frenchwoman of Malian origin Demdem, married in 2005 and with whom he has three children. He spends his time between France and Morocco.


title: Gims

text: In more recent interviews, Gims has actually denied the rumours, calling them "absolutely false" and going on to say that he has only been married once.


title: Gims

text: He converted to Islam in 2004. In 2005, he joined the fundamentalist movement of the Tablighi Jamaat, which he then left and now considers a sect. He says in a documentary dedicated to him on Netflix: "There were people who ended up dead, committed suicide in Iraq, People who were next to me, And that freaked me out, I don't know where I could have ended up." Originally a Catholic, he indicated in 2016 that Barack Adama, his friend from the group Sexion d'Assaut, convinced him to convert to Islam, as well as after an interview with an imam.


title: Gims

text: In March 2018, he indicated that he applied for French nationality and that it was refused. According to the press, this decision would be because of his “bigamy”, which is not authorized in French or European law.


title: Gims

text: In early 2022, he relaunches the procedure for obtaining French nationality. The Minister of the Interior, Gérald Darmanin, estimated on 25 January 2022 on "France Inter" that the rapper's recent comments on the New Year did not demonstrate "good proof of assimilation into French society", going to against article 21-24 of the Napoleonic Code. However, the minister assures that his request would be, like all the others, re-examined by his services.


title: Gims

text: In 2013, Gims founded Monstre Marin Corporation with Pascal Nègre. The latter announces the direct integration of MMC into Universal. "Gims is one of the most gifted artists of his generation! I am delighted to accompany him with Universal Music in his discovery of new talents and in the development of his label Sea Monster", he explains on his Twitter page. The label's logo was unveiled in early 2014.


title: Gims

text: In February 2014, L'Algérino joined the label, followed in June 2014 by Mac Tyer. Monstre Marin Corporation published its first compilation "La Monster Party chapitre 1" on 30 June 2014. According to BFM TV, Gims sold 50% of the label Monstre Marin Corporation in 2014 for 500,000 euros. This structure sold to Universal Music France brought together many artists such as Vitaa, Souf, Mac Tyer, L'Algérino, MA2X, Lartiste or even the Marin Monster duo, now all gone and replaced by emerging artists like DJ Arafat, DJ Last One, Amalya or Savana blues. The label ends its activities on 13 January 2020.


title: Gims

text: Gims is famous for always wearing sunglasses in public, in fact, it is rare to find pictures of him without glasses on the Internet, and the reason for this is so that he is not recognized on the street when he is without glasses because of his wide popularity in France and Paris in particular, and he previously stated that this method works. The only time Gims took off his glasses in public was at a live concert with the group Sexion d'Assaut when he danced with the group members but little was noticed on his face because the stage was almost dark.


title: Gims

text: Gims' music is influenced by hip-hop and dance, with pop and Latin touches. Just before his first album, Les Inrocks compares Gims to footballer Lionel Messi for his versatility: "Gims has a vast arsenal. He sings, raps, composes and produces." For his first album, the artist addresses his joys, his questions, his anger and his rants. In September 2013, he told Liberation that "he is not forbidding himself anything. A rock or even varietal album 'does not scare him'.


title: Gims

text: The second album is divided into two parts: an "urban pop / R&B" oriented, widely broadcast by radio and music channels, and a "rap" oriented as it did when it started. The humorist of the web Jhon Rachid deplores that the second part "old-fashioned rap" is less known than the first, which hurts him "rap" (title of his show on YouTube). As for Joeystarr, he often criticizes him on social networks, calling his music "music for prepubescent". The slammer Grand Corps Malade said in an interview that he does not adhere to the music of Gims, which is "teenage pop" with "poor lyrics and an unpleasant voice".


title: Gims

text: The Booska-P site evokes "Gims-bashing" in an article presenting the most hated French rappers which also include Bigflo & Oli, Jul and Booba. Rap "purists" like Joeystarr or Jhon Rachid cited above reproach him for the touches of pop and dance; some calling his music "camping music" or "zumba". Hated by a part of the rap fans, he is also hated by a part of the general public who do not like rap and prefer variety or rock. Part of the press considers Gims as an artist of the subculture with very weak texts, like the literary critic Éric Naulleau declaring that Gims made "the worst texts of French song".


title: Gims

text: He cites artists such as Booba, Nate Dogg, Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, 50 Cent, Eminem or even Tandem as his main influences.


title: Gims

text: In April 2017, it was said that he cancelled a concert in Alès due to the lack of a private jet to take him there; the organizer did not have the means to pay for it. The headlines criticised it as a "star whim". Following the media coverage, he gave a free and improvised concert in the Paris metro. In the program "Touche pas à mon poste !", Gims explained that the concert was initially only a proposal which was ultimately not accepted. However, the promoter had already started selling the tickets. Faced with the risk of financial loss, the promoter contacted the rapper's producer offering to fly Gims to the concert by private jet, but Gims could not attend due to a scheduling conflict with another concert.


title: Gims

text: Gims and Vianney were accused of plagiarism by the Belgian director Charlotte Abramow for the clip "La même". Abramow had directed a video for the International Women's Day of 8 March 2018, with which "La même", according to her, had many similarities: "[the video for La même has] the same structure, the same esthetics, the same decorations in pastel colors and especially the same types of portraits". Maitre Gims responded by accusing Charlotte Abramow of having herself violated copyright by using a clip from the music video for the song "Silent All These Years" by Tori Amos.


title: Gims

text: At the end of 2021, he believes that celebrating Christmas or wishing a happy new year "is not Muslim". He is also opposed to birthday celebrations because this tradition is of non-Muslim origin.


title: Gims

text: At the beginning of 2013, Gims founded his own clothing brand, Vortex Vx, sold in particular at Veepee and Gémo. On 31 October 2018, the manga "Devil's Relics" was published, imagined by Gims with his brother Darcy, and co-signed by the two brothers with screenwriter Jean-David Morvan and designer Yoshiyasu Tamura.


title: Gims

text: In addition to writing his own lyrics, he also writes for other artists. In 2013, Gims participated as a "guest" in the Popstars program, in which he gave young groups advice for their career. Following this intervention, he wrote the first single of the winning group, The Mess, entitled Au Top. This single reached 8th on the iTunes chart.


title: Agnatha

text: Agnatha (, Ancient Greek 'without jaws') is an infraphylum of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both present (cyclostomes) and extinct (conodonts and ostracoderms) species. Among recent animals, cyclostomes are sister to all vertebrates with jaws, known as gnathostomes.


title: Agnatha

text: Recent molecular data, both from rRNA and from mtDNA as well as embryological data, strongly supports the hypothesis that living agnathans, the cyclostomes, are monophyletic.


title: Agnatha

text: The oldest fossil agnathans appeared in the Cambrian, and two groups still survive today: the lampreys and the hagfish, comprising about 120 species in total. Hagfish are considered members of the subphylum Vertebrata, because they secondarily lost vertebrae; before this event was inferred from molecular and developmental data, the group Craniata was created by Linnaeus (and is still sometimes used as a strictly morphological descriptor) to reference hagfish plus vertebrates.


title: Agnatha

text: While a few scientists still regard the living agnathans as only superficially similar, and argue that many of these similarities are probably shared basal characteristics of ancient vertebrates, recent taxonomic studies clearly place hagfish (the Myxini or Hyperotreti) with the lampreys (Hyperoartii) as being more closely related to each other than either is to the jawed fishes.


title: Agnatha

text: Agnathans are ectothermic, meaning they do not regulate their own body temperature. Agnathan metabolism is slow in cold water, and therefore they do not have to eat very much. They have no distinct stomach, but rather a long gut, more or less homogeneous throughout its length. Lampreys feed on other fish and mammals. Anticoagulant fluids preventing blood clotting are injected into the host, causing the host to yield more blood. Hagfish are scavengers, eating mostly dead animals. They use a row of sharp teeth to break down the animal. The fact that Agnathan teeth are unable to move up and down limits their possible food types.


title: Agnatha

text: In addition to the absence of jaws, modern agnathans are characterised by absence of paired fins; the presence of a notochord both in larvae and adults; and seven or more paired gill pouches. Lampreys have a light sensitive pineal eye (homologous to the pineal gland in mammals). All living and most extinct Agnatha do not have an identifiable stomach or any appendages. Fertilization and development are both external. There is no parental care in the Agnatha class. The Agnatha are ectothermic or cold blooded, with a cartilaginous skeleton, and the heart contains 2 chambers.


title: Agnatha

text: In modern agnathans, the body is covered in skin, with neither dermal or epidermal scales. The skin of hagfish has copious slime glands, the slime constituting their defense mechanism. The slime can sometimes clog up enemy fishes' gills, causing them to die. In direct contrast, many extinct agnathans sported extensive exoskeletons composed of either massive, heavy dermal armour or small mineralized scales.


title: Agnatha

text: Almost all agnathans, including all extant agnathans, have no paired appendages, although most do have a dorsal or a caudal fin. Some fossil agnathans, such as osteostracans and pituriaspids, did have paired fins, a trait inherited in their jawed descendants.


title: Agnatha

text: Fertilization in lampreys is external. Mode of fertilization in hagfishes is not known. Development in both groups probably is external. There is no known parental care. Not much is known about the hagfish reproductive process. It is believed that hagfish only have 30 eggs over a lifetime. There is very little of the larval stage that characterizes the lamprey. Lamprey are only able to reproduce once. After external fertilization, the lamprey's cloacas remain open, allowing a fungus to enter their intestines, killing them. Lampreys reproduce in freshwater riverbeds, working in pairs to build a nest and burying their eggs about an inch beneath the sediment. The resulting hatchlings go through four years of larval development before becoming adults.


title: Agnatha

text: Although a minor element of modern marine fauna, agnathans were prominent among the early fish in the early Paleozoic. Two types of Early Cambrian animal apparently having fins, vertebrate musculature, and gills are known from the early Cambrian Maotianshan shales of China: "Haikouichthys" and "Myllokunmingia". They have been tentatively assigned to Agnatha by Janvier. A third possible agnathid from the same region is "Haikouella". A possible agnathid that has not been formally described was reported by Simonetti from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Conodonts, a class of agnathans which arose in the early Cambrian, remained common enough until their extinction in the Triassic that their teeth (the only parts of them that were usually fossilized) are often used as index fossils from the late Cambrian to the Triassic.


title: Agnatha

text: Many Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian agnathans were armored with heavy bony-spiky plates. The first armored agnathans—the Ostracoderms, precursors to the bony fish and hence to the tetrapods (including humans)—are known from the middle Ordovician, and by the Late Silurian the agnathans had reached the high point of their evolution. Most of the ostracoderms, such as thelodonts, osteostracans, and galeaspids, were more closely related to the gnathostomes than to the surviving agnathans, known as cyclostomes. Cyclostomes apparently split from other agnathans before the evolution of dentine and bone, which are present in many fossil agnathans, including conodonts. Agnathans declined in the Devonian and never recovered.


title: Agnatha

text: Approximately 500 million years ago, two types of recombinatorial adaptive immune systems (AISs) arose in vertebrates. The jawed vertebrates diversify their repertoire of immunoglobulin domain-based T and B cell antigen receptors mainly through the rearrangement of V(D)J gene segments and somatic hypermutation, but none of the fundamental AIS recognition elements in jawed vertebrates have been found in jawless vertebrates. Instead, the AIS of jawless vertebrates is based on variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are generated through recombinatorial usage of a large panel of highly diverse leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) sequences. Three VLR genes (VLRA, VLRB, and VLRC) have been identified in lampreys and hagfish, and are expressed on three distinct lymphocytes lineages. VLRA+ cells and VLRC+ cells are T-cell-like and develop in a thymus-like lympho-epithelial structure, termed thymoids. VLRB+ cells are B-cell-like, develop in hematopoietic organs, and differentiate into “VLRB antibody”-secreting plasma cells.


title: Agnatha

text: The new phylogeny from Miyashita "et al". (2019) is considered compatible with both morphological and molecular evidence.


title: Valve Index

text: The Valve Index is a consumer virtual reality headset created and manufactured by Valve. Announced on April 30, 2019, the headset was released on June 28 of the same year. The Index is a second-generation headset and the first to be manufactured completely by Valve. "" is bundled in with the headset.