title: Usman Khawaja

text: In January 2022, Khawaja made a comeback to international cricket after a long hiatus, in the 4th Ashes Test at SCG; and made twin centuries in the match, posting scores of 137 and 101* respectively.


title: Usman Khawaja

text: Khawaja was then selected for the Australian tour of Pakistan. He was the highest run scorer in the series scoring 496 runs at an average of 165.33, a performance which earned him player of the series. He scored 97 runs in the first innings of the first test. He then scored 160 runs in the first innings of the second test and 44* in the second innings. In the first innings of the third test, he scored 91 followed by 104* in the second innings, helping Australia win the final match of the series and as such the series as a whole.


title: Usman Khawaja

text: Khawaja has scored 12 centuries in Test matches and two in One Day Internationals. His highest Test score of 174 came against New Zealand at The Gabba, Brisbane in November 2015 and his highest ODI score of 104 came against India at JSCA International Stadium, Ranchi in March 2019.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: An air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground missile (AGM) is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea. There are also unpowered guided glide bombs not considered missiles. The two most common propulsion systems for air-to-surface missiles are rocket motors, usually with shorter range, and slower, longer-range jet engines. Some Soviet-designed air-to-surface missiles are powered by ramjets, giving them both long range and high speed.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: Guidance for air-to-surface missiles is typically via laser guidance, infrared guidance, optical guidance or via satellite guidance signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of target. Ships, for example, may be detected via passive radar or active radar homing, less effective against multiple, small, fast-moving land targets.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: There is some cross-over between air-to-surface missiles and surface-to-surface missiles. For example, there was an air-launched version of the Tomahawk missile, superseded by the AGM-86 ALCM. Other missiles used in both roles include the Penguin and AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Many air-to-surface missiles can be used against both ships and land targets, although some must be modified to perform a different role; for example, the AGM-84E Standoff Land Attack Missile is a land-attack version of the Harpoon.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: A major advantage of air-to-surface missiles for ground attack by aircraft is the standoff distance they provide: missiles can be launched from a distance without coming within range of the target's air defences. Most air-to-surface missiles are fire-and-forget from a standoff distance, allowing the attacker to withdraw without approaching further after launch. Some missiles (typically cruise missiles or anti-ship missiles) have long enough range to be launched over the horizon, finding the target autonomously.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: Typically, the higher and faster the launching aircraft is flying, the longer the reach of a particular missile is. For long-range missiles this difference can be relatively small, but short-range missiles (like the AGM-65 Maverick) have a much longer range when launched at altitude.


title: Air-to-surface missile

text: There have been examples of air-launched ballistic missiles (Air Launched ICBM, GAM-87 Skybolt), but they are rare. Sometimes air-to-surface missiles are divided into the categories of "tactical" and "strategic". Typically missiles with chemical explosive or small nuclear warheads are classed as tactical, and large nuclear warheads as strategic.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: Blizzard Albany (formerly Vicarious Visions, Inc.) is an American video game developer based in Albany, New York. The studio was acquired by Activision in January 2005. After releasing its last game as part of that company, "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1 + 2", Vicarious Visions became part of Activision's sister company Blizzard Entertainment in January 2021 and was merged into it in April 2022, thereby being renamed Blizzard Albany.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: The studio was founded by brothers Karthik and Guha Bala in 1991 while they were in high school. In the late 1990s, Vicarious Visions appointed Michael Marvin, an Albany-based investor and entrepreneur, and founder and former CEO of MapInfo Corporation; and Charles S. Jones, investor, who sat on the boards of various software and industrial companies including Geac and PSDI, to its board of directors. Under their leadership, a sale of the company was negotiated to Activision, earning the original investors over 20x their initial investment. In January 2005, Vicarious Visions was acquired by publisher Activision. In June 2007, Activision closed the Vicarious Visions' office in Mountain View, California. On April 5, 2016, the Bala brothers announced that they had left the company. The brothers then founded Velan Studios in November 2016.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: On January 22, 2021, Vicarious Visions was moved by Activision Blizzard from a subsidiary of Activision to a subsidiary of Blizzard Entertainment. Going forward, the more than 200 employees of Vicarious Visions will be employees of Blizzard. Vicarious had been working with Blizzard for about two years prior to this announcement, and specifically on the planned remaster of "Diablo II", "", and Blizzard felt the move would be best as to have Vicarious' group provide continued support not only on the remaster but also on other "Diablo" properties including "Diablo IV". Vicarious Visions studio head Jen Oneal moved to Blizzard's management and was succeeded by Simon Ebejer, previously the studio's chief operating officer. On October 27, 2021, Blizzard informed Vicarious Visions employees that the studio would change its name. The studio was fully merged into Blizzard on April 12, 2022, and was renamed Blizzard Albany, otherwise retaining its offices.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: Blizzard Albany's QA team, about 20 members in size, announced a unionization drive in July 2022 as GWA Albany. It follows Raven Software, another Activision Blizzard subsidiary, whose QA team voted to unionize earlier in the year.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: "Terminus", an online multiplayer space trading and combat simulation game, won two Independent Games Festival Awards in 1999. They became known as a leading developer of handheld games breaking ground by the "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater" series, developing Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS titles in the franchise's main series as well as one spin off. They developed the first three "Crash Bandicoot" GBA games. Vicarious Visions developed "Spider-Man", "", "Ultimate Spider-Man", "Crash Nitro Kart", "", "", and "Doom 3" for the Xbox. Vicarious Visions developed for the "Guitar Hero" series on the Nintendo DS and Wii platforms. For "", Vicarious Visions created the "Guitar Grip" peripheral for the Nintendo DS, which emulates the guitar controller for the portable system.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: It was revealed on June 10, 2011, that Vicarious Visions was working on the 3DS version of "", and would go on to have an important role in developing the Skylanders game series, creating the games "" and "". On December 8, 2016, Vicarious Visions announced that they were partnering with Bungie to work on the "Destiny" franchise.


title: Vicarious Visions

text: Vicarious Visions Alchemy is the company's game engine. It was released in 2002. It was originally called Intrinsic Alchemy and developed by Intrinsic Graphics before being renamed after Vicarious Visions acquired Intrinsic Graphics in 2003.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Jon Ellis Meacham (; born May 20, 1969) is an American writer, reviewer, historian and presidential biographer who is serving as the current Canon Historian of the Washington National Cathedral since November 7, 2021. A former executive editor and executive vice president at Random House, he is a contributing writer to "The New York Times" Book Review, a contributing editor to "Time" magazine, and a former editor-in-chief of "Newsweek". He is the author of several books. He won the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for "American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House". He holds the Carolyn T. and Robert M. Rogers Endowed Chair in American Presidency at Vanderbilt University.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His parents are Jere Ellis Meacham (1946–2008), a construction and labor-relations executive who was decorated for valor during the Vietnam War, and Linda (McBrayer) Brodie. His paternal grandparents, Ellis K. Meacham and Jean Austin Meacham, raised him after his parents' divorce. When he was a child, his grandfather had discussions each morning with a group of men about local and national politics. As a result, Meacham developed an interest in politics. He received an invitation to Ronald Reagan's 1981 inauguration in Washington, D.C., in response to a letter that he sent to the president-elect.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham attended The McCallie School, where he developed an interest in the civil rights movement. He then went on to attend where he graduated salutatorian and "summa cum laude" in 1991 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.


title: Jon Meacham

text: After college, he worked at "The Chattanooga Times", until he moved to Washington, D.C., in 1993 and became co-editor of "Washington Monthly". In 1995, he worked for "Newsweek" as the national affairs editor, and became managing editor in late-1998. In 2006, he became editor-in-chief of "Newsweek"s print and online formats.


title: Jon Meacham

text: A former executive editor and executive vice president at Random House, he is a contributing writer to "The New York Times" Book Review and "The Washington Post", and a contributing editor to "Time" magazine.


title: Jon Meacham

text: He was the editor for "Voices in Our Blood: America's Best on the Civil Rights Movement" which was released in 2001. Spanning the period from 1941 to 1998, the book includes writings of noted civil-rights leaders, novelists, and journalists, like John Lewis, James Baldwin, William Faulkner, and David Halberstam. His book, "Franklin and Winston, Partners of an Intimate Relationship" about Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, was released in 2003.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham has explored America's leaders in such works as "Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power" as well as his biography of Andrew Jackson, " American Lion", which won the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. Jill Abramson writing in a book review in "The New York Times" states that Meacham's books are "well researched, drawing on new anecdotal material and up-to-date historiographical interpretations" and presents his "subjects as figures of heroic grandeur despite all-too-human shortcomings". In his biography of Jefferson, Meacham identifies qualities that would be helpful in the current political arena, "Jefferson repeatedly reached out to his enemies and showed ideological flexibility." Regarding the former president's stance on slavery, Meacham states, "Slavery was the rare subject where Jefferson's sense of realism kept him from marshaling his sense of hope in the service of the cause of reform."


title: Jon Meacham

text: Selected by the Bush family to be the official biographer for George H. W. Bush, Meacham's book, "", was published in 2015. He gave eulogies for both President Bush and Barbara Bush when they died in 2018.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Over the years Meacham has been a frequent guest on various talk shows such as "Charlie Rose", "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart", "The Colbert Report", and "Real Time with Bill Maher". From May 2010 to April 2011, Meacham was co-host with Alison Stewart of "Need to Know" on PBS. He is also a frequent guest on "CBS This Morning", "Face the Nation", MSNBC's "Morning Joe" and "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert".


title: Jon Meacham

text: In 2014 Meacham appeared in Ken Burns' documentary series "" on PBS. He also appeared in a cameo in the 2018 film "The Front Runner".


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham taught history at his alma mater, the University of the South, in 2014. He was a visiting professor of political science at Vanderbilt University before being appointed to the Carolyn T. and Robert M. Rogers Chair in American Presidency. Meacham is also the co-chair of the Vanderbilt Project on Unity and American Democracy at Vanderbilt University.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham was asked to speak at the 2020 Democratic National Convention on the Soul of America. He endorsed Joe Biden, saying, "history, which will surely be our judge, can also be our guide. From Seneca Falls to Selma to Stonewall, we're at our best when we build bridges, not walls". According to "The New York Times", Meacham was part of the team writing some of Joe Biden's speeches for the 2020 United States presidential election, including Biden's acceptance speech.


title: Jon Meacham

text: In November 2022, Meacham helped Nancy Pelosi, the speaker of the United States House of Representatives, write a speech announcing that she would not seek reelection to House Democratic leadership in the 118th United States Congress.


title: Jon Meacham

text: , Meacham resides in Belle Meade, Tennessee. He married Margaret Keith Smythe, called Keith, in 1996. At the time of their marriage, she was a teacher, having studied at University of Virginia and the University of Provence. She taught in Metz, France under a Fulbright Scholarship. They have three children.


title: Jon Meacham

text: Meacham is an Episcopalian, and was chosen as Canon Historian of Washington National Cathedral in 2021.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: Dancing Pallbearers, also known by a variety of names, including Dancing Coffin, Coffin Dancers, Coffin Dance Meme, or simply Coffin Dance, are a group of pallbearers who are based in the coastal town of Prampram in the Greater Accra Region of southern Ghana, although they perform across the country as well as outside Ghana. The founder and leader of the group is Benjamin Aidoo. They are locally referred to as Nana Otafrija Pallbearing and Waiting Service or Dada awu.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: The group initially gained worldwide attention through a BBC feature story in 2017. In March 2020, the group became an internet meme when the videos were paired with EDM song "Astronomia" by Tony Igy, and gained popularity in video edits.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: The Dancing Pallbearers are led by Benjamin Aidoo, who started the group as a regular pallbearer service in 2003. He later had the idea of adding choreography to their pallbearing work. Extra fees are charged for dancing with the coffin during a funeral.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: Though the Dancing Pallbearers first rose to wider prominence in 2017 when they were featured in a BBC News report. The third video, which depicted pallbearers accidentally dropping a coffin during their dance, was first posted by Facebook user "Bigscout Nana Prempeth" on May 2, 2019, and gained over 2,900 reactions, 4,600 shares and 350,000 views in one year.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: The video and with similar material gained significant popularity on TikTok as a punchline for fail clips in a manner similar to To Be Continued and We'll Be Right Back memes, implying that the person in the fail video has died. For example, on March 6, 2020, TikTok account Trickshots posted a version of the meme that received over 2.9 million views and 237,000 likes.


title: Dancing Pallbearers

text: On March 30, 2020, a YouTuber named DigiNeko uploaded a video to YouTube elevating the trend on the Internet, through mainly being associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which was ongoing when the meme became popular, receiving over 400 million views. Since the trend, it has been popular on social media, widely uploaded to platforms such as Reddit, YouTube and TikTok. furthering its use for darkly comedic internet memes, videos of people suffering various mishaps, followed by clips of the pallbearers dancing with coffins (implicitly the victims of the preceding clips). The clips are generally paired up at least since February 26th, 2020 with the song "Astronomia" by Russian musical artist Tony Igy and remixed by Dutch duo Vicetone, although others use either "You Know I'll Go Get" by DJ Haning and Rizky Ayuba (a remixed version of Enrique Iglesias's song "Finally Found You") or Lenka's "Trouble Is a Friend".


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951October 17, 2019) was an American politician and civil rights advocate who served in the United States House of Representatives for from 1996 until his death in 2019, when he was succeeded by his predecessor Kweisi Mfume. The district he represented included over half of the city of Baltimore, including most of the majority-black precincts of Baltimore County, and most of Howard County, Maryland. A member of the Democratic Party, Cummings previously served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1983 to 1996.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings served as the chair of the Committee on Oversight and Reform from January 2019 until his death in October of the same year.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings was born on January 18, 1951, in Baltimore, son of Ruth Elma () and Robert Cummings. His parents were sharecroppers. He was the third child of seven. When he was 11 years old, Cummings and some friends worked to integrate a segregated swimming pool in South Baltimore.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings graduated with honors from Baltimore City College high school in 1969. He then attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he served in the student government as sophomore class president, student government treasurer, and later student government president. He became a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and graduated in 1973 with a Bachelor's degree in Political Science.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings graduated from law school at the University of Maryland School of Law, receiving his Juris Doctor in 1976, and was admitted to the bar in Maryland later that year. He practiced law for 19 years before first being elected to the United States House of Representatives in the 1996 election.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: For 14 years, Cummings served in the Maryland House of Delegates. His predecessor, Lena King Lee, raised funds and campaigned for him; years later, Cummings credited her with launching his political career. In the Maryland General Assembly, he served as Chairman of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and was the first African American in Maryland history to be named Speaker Pro Tempore, the second highest position in the House of Delegates.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings also served on several boards and commissions, both in and out of Baltimore. Those include SEED Schools of Maryland Board of Directors and the University of Maryland Law School Board of Advisors. He served on numerous Maryland boards and commissions including the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy and the Elijah Cummings Youth Program in Israel. He was an honorary member of the Baltimore Zoo Board of Trustees.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: In addition to his speaking engagements, he wrote a biweekly column for the "Baltimore Afro-American" newspaper.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: In December 2010, Edolphus Towns announced that he would not seek the position of ranking minority member of the Oversight Committee in the next Congress, even though his seniority and service as chair would typically result in his filling this post. Reportedly, Towns withdrew because of a lack of support from Nancy Pelosi who feared that he would not be a sufficiently aggressive leader of Democrats in an anticipated struggle with incoming committee chair Republican Darrell Issa. Reportedly, the White House also wanted Towns to be replaced. Cummings defeated Carolyn Maloney in a vote of the House Democratic Caucus.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: In his role as chair of the Oversight Committee, Cummings presided over the first public testimony by President Trump's former lawyer, Michael Cohen, and was a leading figure in the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump. Carolyn Maloney was named acting chair by Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and won the subsequent election in the Democratic caucus to serve as permanent chair.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings was a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. He served as chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus during the 108th United States Congress.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings received praise following the congressional panel hearings on steroids in 2008. While investigating the use of steroids in sports, the panel called numerous baseball players to testify, including former single season home run record holder Mark McGwire. After McGwire answered many questions in a vague fashion, Cummings demanded to know if he was "taking the Fifth", referring to the Fifth Amendment. McGwire responded by saying, "I am here to talk about the future, not about the past." The exchange came to epitomize the entire inquiry.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings introduced the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014, a bipartisan bill signed into law by then-President Barack Obama in December 2014. The bill, which Cummings co-sponsored with Representative Darrell Issa, (R-California), is a set of amendments to the Federal Records Act and Presidential Records Act. Among other provisions, the bill modernizes the definition of a federal record to expressly include electronic documents.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: He supported the Smart Savings Act, a bill that would make the default investment in the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) an age-appropriate target date asset allocation investment fund (L Fund) instead of the Government Securities Investment Fund (G Fund). Cummings called the bill a "commonsense change" and argued that the bill "will enable workers to take full advantage of a diversified fund designed to yield higher returns".


title: Elijah Cummings

text: He introduced the All Circuit Review Extension Act, a bill that would extend for three years the authority for federal employees who appeal a judgment of the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) to file their appeal at any U.S. circuit court of appeals, instead of only the U.S. Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. Cummings said that this program is important to extend because it "allows whistleblowers to file appeals where they live rather than being limited to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals". He also said that the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has "an abysmal track record in whistleblower cases".


title: Elijah Cummings

text: In remarks at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Cummings declared: "Our party does not just believe, but understands, that Black Lives Matter. But we also recognize that our community and our law enforcement work best when they work together."


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Rep. Cummings was shown to be very passionate and dedicated in his beliefs, and could often be seen becoming emotional in public as a result. Cummings was seemingly very agreeable as well. According to many, Cummings would often befriend members of the Republican Party, and was highly respected by both sides of the aisle.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: The five-term Congressman for Maryland's 7th congressional district, Kweisi Mfume, resigned in February 1996 to take the presidency of the NAACP. Cummings won a crowded twenty-seven-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic, black-majority district—with 37.5% of the vote. In the special election, he defeated Republican Kenneth Kondner with over 80 percent of the vote. He defeated Kondner again in November by a similar margin to win the seat in his own right.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: He was reelected 11 more times in the contests which followed, never dropping below 69 percent of the vote. He ran unopposed in 2006.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings lived in the Madison Park community in Baltimore and was an active member of the New Psalmist Baptist Church. He married Joyce Matthews, with whom he had a daughter, Jennifer J. Cummings. He had a son and a daughter, Adia Cummings, from other relationships. He married Maya Rockeymoore Cummings in 2009, who was elected chairwoman of the Maryland Democratic Party in December 2018.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: In June 2011, his nephew Christopher Cummings, son of his brother James, was murdered at his off-campus house near Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, where he was a student. On August 12, 2021, Norfolk Police charged four individuals with the murder of Christopher Cummings.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings underwent surgery to repair his aortic valve in May 2017 and was absent from Capitol Hill for two months. In July 2017, he developed a surgery-related infection but returned to work. Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer called thymic carcinoma in 1994 while serving as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. It was revealed in November 2019 that Cummings had lived with the cancer for 25 years, though it was not stated as the cause of death.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Elijah Cummings died on October 17, 2019, at Johns Hopkins Hospital at the age of 68 from "complications concerning longstanding health challenges", his spokeswoman stated. Before his funeral service on October 25 at Baltimore's New Psalmist Baptist Church, where he was a member for 40 years, Cummings lay in state at the U.S. Capitol Building's Statuary Hall on October 24.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Cummings is the first African American lawmaker to achieve the honor of lying in state at the nation's Capitol. Prior to his death, the most recent people to lie in state were former Senator John McCain and former President George H. W. Bush. Following a state funeral which was attended by family and members of Congress, thousands of public mourners were seen entering the U.S. Capitol to see his casket and received greetings from his widow, Maya Rockeymoore-Cummings. His casket departed from the U.S. Capitol at around 8:35 p.m.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: On October 25, 2019, the official funeral for Cummings was held at the New Psalmist Baptist Church in Baltimore. Many political figures of the Democratic Party, including former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Joe Biden, John Lewis, Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and his predecessor Kweisi Mfume (who then became his successor) attended the funeral service.


title: Elijah Cummings

text: Representative Cummings was in favor of single-payer healthcare. While he supported The Affordable Care Act, he believed the legislation should have added a public option.


title: Rare Replay

text: Rare Replay is a 2015 compilation of 30 video games from the 30-year history of developers Rare and its predecessor, Ultimate Play the Game. The emulated games span multiple genres and consoles—from the ZX Spectrum to the Xbox 360—and retain the features and errors of their original releases with minimal edits. The compilation adds cheats to make the older games easier and a Snapshots mode of specific challenges culled from parts of the games. Player progress is rewarded with behind-the-scenes footage and interviews about Rare's major and unreleased games.


title: Rare Replay

text: The compilation was one of several ideas Rare considered to celebrate its 30th anniversary. Inspired by fans, upcoming Xbox One backward compatibility features, and a desire to link Rare's past and future, the company sorted through 120 games to choose those that best represented its oeuvre. It prioritized games with characters and environments original to the company. Rare incorporated four hardware emulators in the package, and worked with its parent company, Microsoft, to use its then-unannounced Xbox 360 emulation. "Rare Replay" released worldwide as an Xbox One exclusive on August 4, 2015.


title: Rare Replay

text: "Rare Replay" reviews were generally favorable. Critics appreciated the package's design and craft and called the release a new pinnacle for compilation releases. They commended its "rewind" and Snapshot features, but criticized technical issues in the Xbox 360 emulation and game installation. Among its games, reviewers preferred Rare's Nintendo 64 classics, especially "Blast Corps", and disliked "Perfect Dark Zero", "Grabbed by the Ghoulies", and the Spectrum games. Some outlets lamented the absence, due to licensing issues, of the "Donkey Kong Country" series and "GoldenEye 007", while others thought the package was fine without them. Critics deemed the archival game content and developer interviews as among the compilation's best features, but were upset to see the content hidden behind time-consuming in-game challenges. "Rare Replay" became Rare's first United Kingdom all-formats charts bestseller since "Banjo-Kazooie" in 1998.


title: Rare Replay

text: "Rare Replay" is a compilation of 30 games developed by Rare and its predecessor, Ultimate Play the Game, over their 30-year history across platforms from the ZX Spectrum to the Xbox 360 (1983 to 2008), up until Rare's "Kinect Sports" series. The 30 games span multiple genres, including fighting, first-person shooter, simulation, 3D platforming, racing, and skiing. The compilation opens with a musical number featuring Rare characters. Each game has a landing page with a variation on its theme music. While the core gameplay remains unedited, Rare added extra features to the older releases. The player can toggle the visual appearance of scanlines and "rewind" up to ten seconds of gameplay in pre-Nintendo 64 games. The older games can be saved at will and autosave progress upon the player's exit. Rare also added an infinite lives cheat setting for some older games and fixed a game-breaking bug in "Battletoads". The "Snapshots" feature presents small segments of the older games as challenges for the player, such as collecting a target number of points within a time limit in a set scenario, similar in function to the "NES Remix" series. Some Snapshots are connected sequentially as a playlist.


title: Rare Replay

text: The ZX Spectrum emulation retains the technical idiosyncrasies of the original hardware. For instance, their graphics fluctuate in render speed depending on the number of items the computer has to process on-screen. The Nintendo 64 emulation upgrades the games' polygon rendering and frame rate. The nine Xbox 360 releases install directly to the Xbox One dashboard separately from the "Rare Replay" compilation and require online activation before they can be played offline. The Xbox 360 games share player saved game and Achievement progress between the consoles via Xbox Live's cloud sync features. "Rare Replay" uses the prior Xbox 360 ports of "Banjo-Kazooie", "Banjo-Tooie", and "Perfect Dark" rather than emulating their originals. However, Rare chose to emulate the original "Conker's Bad Fur Day" rather than using its Xbox remake "" (2005). "Grabbed by the Ghoulies" runs natively on the Xbox One, as a port upgraded its display resolution and frame rate. "Rare Replay" retains the local and online multiplayer modes of the original games, and includes all of their downloadable content add-ons. Multiple classic Rare games, such as the "Donkey Kong Country" series and "GoldenEye 007", are not included in the compilation due to licensing issues.


title: Rare Replay

text: A bonus feature section, "Rare Revealed", contains over an hour of behind-the-scenes footage focusing on Rare's major and unreleased games. The player completes in-game challenges to collect stamps, which increase the player's rank and unlock the bonus features; to collect all the stamps, the player has to finish every game and Snapshot. The compilation automatically grants stamps for prior progress in the package's Xbox 360 games. Current and former Rare employees, such as Grant Kirkhope, feature in the documentary clips, though studio founders Tim and Chris Stamper do not appear. "Rare Revealed" unveils gameplay footage from several unreleased games: for example, in the open world adventure game "Black Widow", the player controls a spider-like robot equipped with missiles. The spider was expected to be recycled in "Kameo 2", an unreleased sequel to "Kameo" which was designed with a darker tone than the original. Rare also worked on "The Fast and the Furriest", a spiritual successor to "Diddy Kong Racing" with vehicle customization and track alterations. The company's other planned intellectual properties included the survival game prototype "Sundown" and the airplane-based "Tailwind". Other "Rare Revealed" videos include unused music tracks; concept art galleries; and trivia behind some game design decisions such as "Blast Corps" character design, the fate of "Banjo-Kazooie" Stop 'n' Swop features, and audio overrides built into "Killer Instinct". Additional "Rare Revealed" featurettes not present in "Rare Replay" have been released since the game's launch via the company's official YouTube channel.


title: Rare Replay

text: Rare began work on "Rare Replay" in October 2014 as a 30th anniversary celebration under the codename "Pearl", named after the traditional theme of 30th anniversary gifts. The company wanted to do something unique for what they considered a rare milestone in the video game industry and also to celebrate creative director Gregg Mayles's 25th year working at the company. Rare was also influenced by community requests to bring their classics to Xbox One, and by the Microsoft backward-compatibility team's progress on the feature. The compilation was one of several celebration ideas, but once it was chosen, the "30 years" theme led to the 30 game limit and price point. In the early planning stages, the studio initially settled on the tentative title "Rare: Ultimate Collection", a nod to their predecessor, Ultimate Play the Game. As reflective of the company's character and celebratory theme, Rare chose a papercraft art style and theatrical stage setting for the compilation. The chosen art style and use of 2D artwork also allowed the development team to more quickly create and implement new assets within the limited development time frame. "Rare Replay" became part of Rare's plan to simultaneously celebrate its past and introduce its future with a logo redesign, new website, and announcement of their upcoming game, "Sea of Thieves".


title: Rare Replay

text: To select the final 30 games, Rare sorted through 120 games in their catalog. They rated each for fitness and prioritized those that featured characters and environments original to the company, choosing to exclude those based on licensed intellectual properties. Secondarily, Rare considered whether licenses were available and whether a game remained fun and playable by modern standards. They wanted a wide and representative sample of "popular games that would hit that nostalgic beat that everyone likes". Deciding which versions of some of their most popular games to include also became a topic of debate among the team. Rare decided to include the updated Xbox 360 re-releases of "Banjo-Kazooie", "Banjo-Tooie", and "Perfect Dark" instead of the Nintendo 64 originals, as the developers realized the various quality-of-life improvements in these remasters were too valuable even to the purists on their staff. Conversely, they chose the Nintendo 64 version of "Conker's Bad Fur Day" over its Xbox remake, "Conker: Live & Reloaded", which they felt had strayed too far from the original due to being less lenient on censorship. While "Rare Replay" designers made the final call, other Rare employees and veterans gave input and recollected old game development stories. The developers briefly considered including playable prototypes of unreleased Rare games such as "Black Widow" and "Kameo 2" as part of the collection, but the work required to do so made this infeasible given the limited development time frame, leading them to produce "Rare Revealed" videos about the unfinished games instead. Interviews with current and former Rare staff members for the "Rare Revealed" featurettes took place over the course of several months in 2015. Several interview segments and "Rare Revealed" videos were omitted from the game due to time and disc space constraints; these were later released via the company's official YouTube channel. An additional "Rare Revealed" video focused on the making of "GoldenEye 007" was planned, but was left unreleased until being leaked in 2019.


title: Rare Replay

text: Unlike the usual product development cycle, which grows a concept into a final product, most of the development work in "Rare Replay" was in converging 30 games across six platforms onto one disc. The engineering challenge lay in the quantity of games and platforms being emulated rather than the emulation effort itself. Rare worked in close collaboration with Microsoft, who were secretly developing the Xbox One's backward-compatibility features, which Rare ultimately used in "Rare Replay". The Microsoft team helped prepare Rare's nine Xbox 360 games for the release. Their discontinued online services were not restored for the compilation. Work on emulating the ZX Spectrum games was led by Gavin Thomas, a Microsoft engineer who had developed his own Spectrum emulator in his free time a few years prior. Code Mystics, who had previously ported Rare's "Killer Instinct" and "Killer Instinct 2" to Xbox One, assisted with emulation efforts for the Nintendo Entertainment System, arcade, and Nintendo 64 games. On "Rare Replay" design, lead designer Paul Collins added that the Snapshot challenges were built to encourage players to sample all of the games, and that the rewind feature was to help all players finish the games without quitting in frustration. The compilation's opening musical number was a compromise from the original vision: a musical history of the company's oeuvre, as told through small musical introductions to each Snapshot. The final opening was intended to evoke players' memories of Rare properties, and includes several Easter eggs.


title: Rare Replay

text: "Rare Replay" was announced during the Microsoft press conference at the June 2015 Electronic Entertainment Expo. The reveal was leaked in the hours prior to the show. The compilation was released as an Xbox One exclusive worldwide on August 4, 2015. There are no plans for a Windows 10 release or downloadable content additions. While Rare's founders, the Stamper brothers, were not interviewed in the bonus features, Tim Stamper appeared in a "Develop" interview set to coincide with the compilation's release. Rare also added a tie-in wherein "Rare Replay" owners unlocked the "Battletoads" character Rash as a playable character in the 2013 fighting game "Killer Instinct" during a limited test period prior to the character's public release the following year. On June 25, 2019, "Rare Replay" became part of Xbox Game Pass and all of the Xbox 360 games excluding "Jetpac Refuelled" were enhanced to run at native 4K resolution on Xbox One X. In September 2022, a re-release of "GoldenEye 007" was announced for Xbox One, with digital owners of "Rare Replay" scheduled to receive the game for free upon its release.


title: Rare Replay

text: "Rare Replay" received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. It reached the top of the United Kingdom all-format games sales charts—the first Xbox One exclusive to do so and Rare's first since "Banjo-Kazooie" in 1998. "Rare Replay" was also the first top-ranked budget game since "Wii Fit Plus" (2009) before it fell to sixth place the next week. "Rare Replay" was the sixth best selling game in North America for August 2015. The compilation had earlier been Amazon.com's most preordered game of the 2015 Electronic Entertainment Expo. Reviewers liked its value proposition and low price. Many of the compilation's games already had long-established legacies, such that gamers who experienced the originals in their heyday—the target audience—were unlikely to be swayed by critical reviews of the selections.


title: Rare Replay

text: Reviewers noted the quality and craft that went into the compilation's design. Jaz Rignall ("USgamer") was impressed by the compilation's presentation and balance between frills and efficiency, and Dan Whitehead ("Eurogamer") felt that the theatrical theme fit Rare's character. Reviewers considered "Rare Replay" a high-water mark for video game compilations—"Kotaku" called it the best since Valve's "The Orange Box". On the other hand, Jeremy Parish ("USgamer") found the contemporaneous "Mega Man Legacy Collection" Criterion Collection-style presentation to be a more authentic appreciation of its original material. Chris Plante ("The Verge") saw "Rare Replay" slight hardware improvements and added touches as a viable model for putting retrogames back on the market and slowing the tide of unlicensed downloads.


title: Rare Replay

text: Much of the commentary on the compilation focused on Rare's choice of selections and concluded that players new and old would find enough new treasures to outweigh the duds. Reviewer favorites included "Blast Corps", "", the "Viva Piñata" games, and the Nintendo 64 classics (especially "Banjo-Kazooie", "Conker", and "Perfect Dark"). Among the least favorites were "Perfect Dark Zero", "Grabbed by the Ghoulies", and the early Spectrum games, which reviewers felt had aged the worst. "Ars Technica", however, defended the Spectrum games for showing an experimental and unrefined side of Rare. Many critics regretted the implacable licensing problems that led to the exclusion of what they considered the company's best games—"Donkey Kong Country", "GoldenEye 007", and "Diddy Kong Racing"—while others felt that the package was fine without them. Also omitted were Rare's "Kinect Sports" series, Nintendo franchise releases, Super Nintendo-era games, and ""Mario Kart" clones". These timeline gaps precluded, for instance, the player from understanding "Conker" as an edgy response to the "cutesy" characters of preceding Nintendo games. Despite these absences, "Ars Technica" critic was impressed by Microsoft's ability to license from publishers including Tradewest, Nintendo, Milton Bradley, and Electronic Arts. "Eurogamer" reviewer was surprised by Rare's consistent style across the selections, and compared the company's legacy to that of Cosgrove Hall Films. The "Kotaku" reviewer saw "Rare Replay" as "image rehabilitation" that would hopefully mark Rare's return to making "deep and daring games" in line with their historical reputation.


title: Rare Replay

text: Reviewers felt that the archival game content and developer interviews were among "Rare Replay" best features. Some were frustrated that the features were locked behind time-consuming in-game challenges. Sam Machkovech ("Ars Technica") found himself stuck not even halfway through the stamp card progress after finishing the easiest achievements. This made the unreleased game footage particularly hard to access. Stephen Totilo ("Kotaku") similarly became uninterested in finishing the stamp collection. He called the stamps the package's "sickest joke" in consideration of Rare's reputation for collectible-heavy games. Some reviewers found the developer content more important than individual games. "Polygon" reviewer called the compilation "an essential piece of gaming history", while "Kotaku" critic noted that the features lacked a straightforward history of the company and hid Rare's significant, former ties with Nintendo. Whitehead ("Eurogamer") wondered why "Mire Mare" and other early games were ignored in the bonus content. Machkovech ("Ars Technica") found "Rare Replay" to be as much a "memorial" as an anthology since Rare had become "a shadow of its former self". He noted how the compilation's final games coincide with the Stamper brothers' exit from the company. Reviewers felt that the Stampers, Rare's founders, were a conspicuous absence from the compilation and Jaz Rignall figured that the compilation's stamps feature was a reference to the brothers.


title: Rare Replay

text: Reviewers praised the feature by which players could "rewind" time and reattempt difficult sections of ZX Spectrum and Nintendo Entertainment System games, which were known for their difficulty, especially in the notoriously challenging "Battletoads". "Kotaku" figured that Rare added cheats to make the esoteric and "crushingly tough" Spectrum games tolerable, and the "Ars Technica" review wished that this "rewind" feature had been extended to the Nintendo 64 games. Critics liked the Snapshot challenges and "Polygon" reported that they were crucial for learning basic game mechanics, though less accessible than those of "NES Remix". Reviewers complained that the Spectrum game controls were difficult to decipher. The "Ars Technica" reviewer thought that the compilation did a poor job of explaining each game's controls, and wondered why Rare did not include introductory or how-to videos. Instead, he turned to YouTube videos and external FAQs before playing each game. "Eurogamer" and "Ars Technica" disagreed on the virtues of having the Spectrum emulator replicate the graphical glitches of the original console. Jaz Rignall of "USgamer" appreciated the added option to save game progress at any time for the Spectrum classics, and wrote that the collection will remind players how difficult games used to be.


title: Rare Replay

text: "Rare Replay" Nintendo 64 emulation pleased critics. "Ars Technica" wrote that the polygonal upgrades compensated for the "blurry" and "pixelated" source material, though the Nintendo 64 multiplayer modes lacked the frame rate upgrades that their single-player modes received. "Kotaku" noted that the Xbox One had more Nintendo 64 re-releases than Nintendo's Wii U Virtual Console at the time. Its reviewer found the in-game Xbox One button prompts to be "delightful anachronisms". "Ars Technica" reviewer commended Rare's choice of the Nintendo 64 version of "Conker's Bad Fur Day" over its updated but censored Xbox re-release. Initial reviews found "Jet Force Gemini" unplayable without dual thumbstick controls, which were later added. While Machkovech ("Ars Technica") considered Rare's Microsoft games to the weakest of the lot, Whitehead ("Eurogamer") found them even more enjoyable in the context of "Rare Replay". Reviewers noted frame rate and technical issues in the Xbox 360 emulation and did not like its separation from the rest of the compilation. Kollar ("Polygon") called the Xbox 360 game installation process needlessly complex, and Marty Sliva ("IGN") did not like how the Xbox 360 startup sequence interrupted the compilation's cohesion. He added that the emulated Xbox 360 experience was subpar compared to the unemulated experience.


title: Review aggregator

text: A review aggregator is a system that collects reviews of products and services (such as films, books, video games, software, hardware, and cars). This system stores the reviews and uses them for purposes such as supporting a website where users can view the reviews, selling information to third parties about consumer tendencies, and creating databases for companies to learn about their actual and potential customers. The system enables users to easily compare many different reviews of the same work. Many of these systems calculate an approximate average assessment, usually based on assigning a numeric value to each review related to its degree of positive rating of the work.


title: Review aggregator

text: Review aggregation sites have begun to have economic effects on the companies that create or manufacture items under review, especially in certain categories such as electronic games, which are expensive to purchase. Some companies have tied royalty payment rates and employee bonuses to aggregate scores, and stock prices have been seen to reflect ratings, as related to potential sales. It is widely accepted in the literature that there is a strong correlation between sales and aggregated scores. Due to the influence reviews have over sales decisions, manufacturers are often interested in measuring these reviews for their own products. This is often done using a business-facing product review aggregator. In the film industry, according to Reuters, big studios pay attention to aggregators but "they don't always like to assign much importance to them".


title: Ishaqzaade

text: Ishaqzaade () is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language romantic action film written and directed by Habib Faisal, and produced by Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film stars debutant Arjun Kapoor and Parineeti Chopra in the lead roles, with Gauahar Khan, Natasha Rastogi, Anil Rastogi and Shashank Khaitan in supporting roles. The official trailer was unveiled on 15 March 2012, and the film was released on 11 May 2012.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: "Ishaqzaade" received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise directed towards Chopra's performance, and was a commercial success at the box-office.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: At the 58th Filmfare Awards, "Ishaqzaade" received 3 nominations, including Best Actress (Chopra) and Best Male Debut (Kapoor). Additionally, Chopra received the National Film Award – Special Mention at the 60th National Film Awards for her performance in the film.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The title of the film is modeled on common Hindi slangs ending in "zaade" (meaning "child of" in Persian influenced languages such as Hindi and Urdu); for example, "shehzaade" (meaning "son of a king" or "prince") with the first part of the name "Ishaq" being a vulgar pronunciation of "Ishq" (meaning "passionate romantic love"). The title may be loosely translated as "Rebel Lovers" (literally "Children of Love").


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The Chauhans and the Qureshis are two political families whose rivalry and mutual hatred for one another goes back generations. Parma (Arjun Kapoor) is a good-for-nothing local thug, grandson of the patriarch Surya Chauhan. Surya often takes digs at Parma for being the useless son of his widowed daughter-in-law Parvati, and this makes Parma try to prove himself worthy. Zoya (Parineeti Chopra), a practising Muslim who offers Salat five times a day, is the trigger-happy, hot-tempered, only daughter in a traditional Muslim house full of brothers, along with her patriarchal chauvinistic parents. She desires to go into politics like her father Aftab, but this dream is constantly laughed at by her family since she is a woman.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: When the local elections take place, Parma and Zoya's canvassing efforts lead to a clash between them, which results in Parma being slapped across the face by Zoya. While Parma is enamored by Zoya's fearlessness, Zoya is intrigued by his charm, including his inability to properly pronounce her name, calling her "Joya", instead of the proper "Zoya". They fall in love after a series of incidents bring them together, and elope; Parma converts to Islam and changes his name to Pervez. After marriage, Parma and Zoya consummate the marriage in an empty train carriage. Parma soon reveals that he tricked Zoya - the wedding ceremony was fake, and they are not married. He perpetrated the sham wedding to get her to have sex with him, which would bring shame upon her family. He, therefore, took revenge against her clan, and repaid the humiliation of her slapping him earlier on. Zoya is left heartbroken and devastated, as Parma joins his family in a celebration of "becoming a man". Zoya attempts to invade the celebration in order to shoot Parma, but is intercepted by Parvati, who urges her to calm down. Parvati tells Parma that he must honour his marriage vows regardless of whether he meant them, and stand right by Zoya. Despite Parvati's attempts to conceal her, the Chauhans come to know of Zoya's presence in their home, and in the heat of the moment, Surya shoots Parvati when she tries to defend her son and daughter-in-law from the bloodthirsty gang. Parma realizes his mistake and protects Zoya from being murdered by his family.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: Parma and Zoya go on the run from their families and take refuge in a brothel. At first, Zoya is still furious with Parma for his deception and even believes that he was trying to sell her to the brothel. She attacks him with a shard of broken glass, cutting his arm badly. The brothel madame, Chand Bibi (Gauahar Khan), who knows Parma from early on, allows them to stay while Parma recovers and Zoya begrudgingly nurses him. He asks her for forgiveness, and though she refuses to grant it, she shows that she still loves him through little actions of affection. However, their mutual grief soon brings them together, giving their love a second chance. The two exchange wedding vows in a legitimate ceremony at the brothel without any religious conversion. Zoya decides to try reconciling with her family, and takes Parma to her home to win over Aftab. They are instead met with hostility and gunshots when Aftab puts a gun to her head, threatening to kill his own daughter.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The couple flees as Aftab sends his men after them. Zoya and Parma prepare to run away to Jaipur, but when Parma leaves the safety of the bus to get water, their pursuers spot him and apprehend Zoya. She breaks free as Parma furiously fights to save her. They are reunited briefly, but quickly are found by Parma's former friends and run to the local college, which is closed for Eid. The two rival families decide that Parma and Zoya's marriage is a stain on their respective religious communities and political careers, and they try to kill the couple by joining forces.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: Parma and Zoya take refuge on a terrace, engaging in a gunfire battle. With only a few bullets left, Zoya realises that they are outnumbered. She asks Parma to shoot her so that their love can win and they can die in the victory of their love, rather than be riddled with bullets by their own families, and allow hatred to win. The two shoot each other in the abdomen willingly and die in each other's arms, smiling. The goons check if they are dead and go inform the two families, who leave satisfied.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The film ends with Parma and Zoya's bodies lying on the terrace, and an on-screen message that explains how thousands of lovers like them are killed every year only because of falling in love outside their caste and/or religion.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The film itself was both praised and drew some anger for its blunt confrontation of current issues in India regarding things such as premarital sex, marriage outside an individual's religion, caste, or other community, as well as the very real issue of honor killing. It also addressed and somewhat criticized the hypocrisy of men who engage in premarital sex (they are celebrated and considered men in the eyes of the community) versus women who do the same (they are considered a disgrace and a source of shame). In addition, the film was notable for presenting the struggles of Indian widows and prostitutes in a sympathetic light.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: It was announced that newcomer Arjun Kapoor had joined the cast of "Ishaqzaade" in late 2011. Earlier, Arjun Kapoor was to debut in another Yash Raj production, "Virus Diwan". However, the film got shelved and therefore Yash Raj Films designed "Ishaqzaade" for Arjun Kapoor. Rekha and Chinni Prakash, National Award winners for "Jodhaa Akbar" (2008) were chosen as the choreographers, while Sham Kaushal is the action director.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: Filming began on 15 October 2011. A major part of the film was shot in Lucknow, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh and at other sites near Lucknow.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The music of the film is composed by Amit Trivedi, who has worked the first time with Yash Raj Films, and lyrics were penned by Kausar Munir, except "Chokra Jawaan" which was written by Habib Faisal. The tracks "Pareshaan" and "Jhallah Wallah" were remixed by Abhijit Vaghani. The soundtrack album was released on 20 April 2012. The background score was composed by Ranjit Barot.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: The album received positive reviews, with major praise for the "Pareshaan" song, which also topped the charts for a long period of time.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: "Music Aloud" rated the album 9/10, saying that "Amit Trivedi brushes off that relative low phase of 2011 with a stunner for "Ishaqzaade"." "Bolly Spice" gave the album 9/10, explaining that "Amit Trivedi is definitely one of the best composers around and he proves his detractors wrong with this soundtrack that stays true to his style and shows his versatility. It is easily the best soundtrack of this year so far." "GlamSham" gave the album 8/10, noting that "Overall the album delivers a satisfying listening experience and should add one more success to both the producer and composer's credits." Joginder Tuteja of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the album 7/10, saying that "With Kausar Munir's lyrics further setting the stage for him, Amit Trivedi comes up with a soundtrack which may surprise listeners to begin with (due to its unusual flavour) but should eventually find acceptance in due course of time." "Times of India" gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, commenting that "Ishaqzaade" "may not have too much on the platter with just 5 original tracks but it still manages to strike a chord with the listener. The album is definitely worth a shot." Richa Bhatia of "Times of India" praised the soundtrack's use of dubstep, a genre of electronic dance music, along with the "punchy" lyrics, "chutney and dash." Film composer Anu Malik also praised the soundtrack, stating that "it is the first time I have observed dubstep in a film and it's incredible."


title: Ishaqzaade

text: "Ishaqzaade" received positive reviews from critics. Taran Adarsh of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the movie 3.5 stars out of 5, saying that "On the whole, "ISHAQZAADE", a volatile and intense story with ample doses of fanatical romance, should appeal to a pan-India audience. This broadly engaging love story has a winsome pair who deliver dexterous performances, besides popular music and several poignant moments, which should appeal to fans of mainstream films. Go for it!" Mrigank Dhaniwala of "Koimoi" gave the movie 3.5 stars out of 5, commenting that "On the whole, "Ishaqzaade" is an entertaining fare which works on the strength of its first half and the performances." Khalid Mohamed of "Deccan Chronicle" gave the movie 3.5 stars out of 5, concluding that ""Ishaqzaade" kicks off weakly and has its share of the deja pooh. Gradually, though, it gets under your skin..and rocks. Absolutely See-Grade."


title: Ishaqzaade

text: Rachit Gupta of "Filmfare" gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, quoting that "On the face of it, this is a fantastic Indian adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet". But if you've ever loved someone without a sense of inhibition, then deeper in the recesses of its story, "Ishaqzaade" is a saga of love being more important than life and death." "Daily Bhaskar" gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, writing that "Brilliant performance by the lead cast, an ecstatic climax which breaks the typical 'happily-ever-after' ending, is surely one of the top reasons to visit your nearest theatre. People from metros might find it difficult to relate to the culture or political drama that involves frequent gun-firing. Parineeti and Arjun's chemistry will remind one of the "Ek Duuje Ke Liye" genre of love stories from Bollywood." Shomini Sen of "Zee News" gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, noting that "Habib Faisal's earlier film "Do Dooni Chaar" (2010) had captured the Delhi and Punjabi culture well. In "Ishaqzaade", he captures a small town in northern India and its typical nuances well."


title: Ishaqzaade

text: "Ishaqzaade" had a good opening, with an occupancy of 70–90% in theaters and went on to collect nett in its first day, on its second day and on its third day. The movie collected nett in its first weekend and nett in its first week. It broke the record of "Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na" (2008) for the highest first weekend and first week collections for a Hindi non-starcast film in India. The movie had a good second weekend and collected nett. The movie had a good second week, collecting nett. The movie had a strong third weekend and went on to collect nett. The movie collected nett in its third week and thus declared a "hit". The film's lifetime collections in India were Rs. 47.50 crore.


title: Ishaqzaade

text: "Ishaqzaade" was released in the Middle East and smaller markets. It grossed at the end of its run. The film was not released theatrically in major markets like North America, Canada, United Kingdom, Nepal, Pakistan, New Zealand and Australia.


title: David Angell

text: David Lawrence Angell (April 10, 1946 – September 11, 2001) was an American screenwriter and television producer. He won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer of the "Cheers" spin-off shows "Wings" and "Frasier" with Peter Casey and David Lee. Angell and his wife Lynn were killed heading home from their vacation on Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks.


title: David Angell

text: Angell was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Henry and Mae (née Cooney) Angell. He received a bachelor's degree in English literature from Providence College. He married Lynn Edwards on August 14, 1971. Soon after Angell entered the U.S. Army upon graduation and served at the Pentagon until 1972. He then moved to Boston and worked as a methods analyst at an engineering company and later at an insurance firm in Rhode Island. His brother, the Most Rev. Kenneth Angell, was a Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Burlington, Vermont.


title: David Angell

text: Angell moved to Los Angeles in 1977. His first script was sold to the producers of the "Annie Flynn" series. Five years later, he sold his second script, for the sitcom "Archie Bunker's Place". In 1983, he joined "Cheers" as a staff writer. In 1985, Angell joined forces with Peter Casey and David Lee as "Cheers" supervising producers/writers. The trio received 37 Emmy Award nominations and won 24 Emmy Awards, including the above-mentioned for "Frasier". They also won an Outstanding Comedy Series Emmy for "Cheers", in 1989, which Angell, Casey, Lee and the series' other producers shared, and an Outstanding Writing/Comedy Emmy for "Cheers", which Angell received in 1984. After working together as producers on "Cheers", Angell, Casey and Lee formed Grub Street Productions. In 1990, they created and executive-produced the comedy series "Wings".


title: David Angell

text: Angell and his wife, Lynn were killed in the 2001 September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center in Manhattan. They were among the passengers of American Airlines Flight 11, who were all killed when that plane struck the North Tower of the complex. By coincidence, in an episode Angell cowrote for "Frasier", a stranger leaves a telephone message for Frasier saying that she will soon arrive on "American Flight 11".


title: David Angell

text: The American Screenwriters Association awards the annual David Angell Humanitarian Award to any individual in the entertainment industry who contributes to global well-being through donations of time, expertise or other support to improve the human condition.


title: David Angell

text: In 2004, The Angell Foundation of Los Angeles, California, awarded Providence College a gift of $2 million for the Smith Center for the Arts.


title: David Angell

text: The two-part episode of "Frasier" to air after the attacks, "Don Juan in Hell" airing on September 25, 2001, ended with the memorial tribute, "In loving memory of our friends Lynn and David Angell". "Goodnight, Seattle", series finale that aired May 13, 2004, featured the birth of Niles Crane and Daphne Moon's son, who is named David in tribute.


title: David Angell

text: At the National 9/11 Memorial, Angell and his wife are memorialized at the North Pool, on Panel N-1, along with other passengers from Flight 11.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: Paul McDonald (born William Paul McDonald) is an American singer-songwriter from Huntsville, Alabama, who as of 2011 resides in Nashville. McDonald placed 8th on the tenth season of "American Idol" and since 2005, he has been the lead singer of the band Hightide Blues which was renamed The Grand Magnolias in 2010.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: McDonald was born to Susan and David McDonald, in Auburn / Opelika. His father is a clinical psychologist and his mother teaches occupational therapy at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga. McDonald was raised in Huntsville, Alabama. He is a graduate of Huntsville High School, where he also played wide receiver on the varsity football team. He was in the school's play, "The Wizard of Oz" which was directed by Mike Chappell.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: In August 2010, McDonald and his band members moved to Nashville and launched a campaign to let their fans choose a new name for the band. The group's first album under its new name, entitled "The Grand Magnolias", was released in 2011. The songs were written by McDonald and band member Jonathan Pears and produced by Dan Hannon and Ken Coomer. The album has seen a boost in sales since Paul McDonald's appearance on "American Idol", and it reached number twelve on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and had sold 9,000 copies by April 27, 2011. iTunes pulled the album from its store, without explanation, and the sales dropped off 60% from the previous week. A week later the album returned, again without explanation.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: When the band learned that McDonald had made it through to the Hollywood round they put together a content release campaign to maximize the exposure from the show.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: On January 27, 2011, McDonald received a golden ticket to compete in Hollywood from judges Steven Tyler, Jennifer Lopez and Randy Jackson, and made it into the Top 24 by singing an original song, "American Dreams." He was one of ten candidates chosen as a finalist based on public voting. Thirteen competed in the finals.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: Since entering the competition, McDonald has made use of the social networking site Twitter to communicate with his fans and promote his band, The Grand Magnolias. The album also debuted on the Billboard Heatseekers chart before McDonald even sang in the show's semi-final round. He was the first 2011 "Idol" hopeful to reach 50,000 followers on his newly created official "American Idol" Twitter account. McDonald continues to be one of the most popular "American Idol" Season 10 competitors on the social networking site.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: McDonald was one of the 11 performers in the 2011 "American Idols Live Tour", which began in West Valley City, Utah, on July 6, 2011, and ended in Rochester, New York, on September 10, 2011. On May 25, 2011, he appeared on "Rachael Ray" along with Stefano Langone and Pia Toscano. McDonald even recorded a song, "Now That I've Found You", with his wife Nikki Reed, which debuted on Ryan Seacrest's radio show on November 15, 2011. The couple released their first EP together, "The Best Part", on October 29, 2012.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: In September 2012, McDonald appeared in a Parenthood episode as a musician who used Crosby and Adam's recording space, The Luncheonette, and sang a new song, "Counting Stars."


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: McDonald and his wife, Nikki Reed, starred in Hanson's 2013 music video for "Get the Girl Back". The video was filmed in January 2013, and released in April 2013. Other famous faces in the video include Kat Dennings, Drake Bell, Drew Seeley, Amy Paffrath, and Alex Beh. On July 8, 2014, McDonald and Reed released an album titled "I'm Not Falling".


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: In 2014, McDonald launched his solo career by releasing a single, "Bright Lights," on October 7, 2014, and a video released on November 3, 2014.


title: Paul McDonald (musician)

text: McDonald met actress Nikki Reed on the red carpet at the premiere of "Red Riding Hood" in March 2011. The moment they met was broadcast on an "American Idol" episode as part of a segment that showed McDonald and his fellow contestants attending the premiere. McDonald and Reed soon began dating and moved in together shortly after that. Their engagement was confirmed in June 2011, and they married on October 16, 2011, in Malibu, California. In March 2014, McDonald and Reed announced that they had separated. Reed filed for divorce on May 16, 2014, citing irreconcilable differences. The divorce was finalized in January 2015.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant coffee is a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans that enables people to quickly prepare hot coffee by adding hot water or milk to coffee solids in powdered or crystallized form and stirring. Instant coffee solids (also called soluble coffee, coffee crystals, coffee powder, or powdered coffee) refers to the dehydrated and packaged solids available at retail used to make instant coffee. Instant coffee solids are commercially prepared by either freeze-drying or spray drying, after which it can be rehydrated. Instant coffee in a concentrated liquid form, as a beverage, is also manufactured.


title: Instant coffee

text: Advantages of instant coffee include speed of preparation (instant coffee dissolves quickly in hot water), lower shipping weight and volume than beans or ground coffee (to prepare the same amount of beverage), and long shelf life—though instant coffee can spoil if not kept dry. Instant coffee also reduces cleanup since there are no coffee grounds, and at least one study has found that it has a lower environmental footprint than drip filter coffee and capsule espresso coffee, on a prepared beverage basis, disregarding quality and appeal of the beverage produced.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant or soluble coffee was invented and patented in 1890, by David Strang of Invercargill, New Zealand, under patent number 3518 sold under the trading name Strang's Coffee citing the patented "Dry Hot-Air" process. Some modern sources have credited French humorist and writer Alphonse Allais with the invention.


title: Instant coffee

text: The invention was previously attributed to Satori Kato, a Japanese scientist working in Chicago in 1901. Kato introduced the powdered substance in Buffalo, New York, at the Pan-American Exposition. George Constant Louis Washington developed his own instant coffee process shortly thereafter, and first marketed it commercially (1910). The Nescafé brand, which introduced a more advanced coffee refining process, was launched in 1938.


title: Instant coffee

text: High-vacuum freeze-dried coffee was developed shortly after World War II, as an indirect result of wartime research into other areas. The National Research Corporation (NRC) was formed in Massachusetts as a process-development company employing high-vacuum technology. It developed high-vacuum processes to produce penicillin, blood plasma, and streptomycin for US military use. As the war ended, NRC looked to adapt its processes for peacetime uses. It formed Florida Foods Corporation to produce concentrated orange juice powder and originally sold its product to the United States Army. That company later changed its name to Minute Maid.


title: Instant coffee

text: A concentrated coffee/milk/sugar mixture was produced for the Union army during the American Civil War under the name "Essence of Coffee", a teaspoonful of which was mixed with a cup of hot water. It had the consistency of axle grease, and proved so unpopular with the troops that it was soon discontinued. The brand Camp Coffee, a coffee and chicory essence, was first produced in 1876 by Paterson & Sons Ltd in Scotland.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant coffee is available in powder or granulated form contained in glass and plastic jars, sachets, or tins. The user controls the strength of the resulting product by adding less or more powder or granules to the water.


title: Instant coffee

text: In some countries, such as Portugal, Spain, and India, instant coffee is commonly mixed with hot milk instead of boiling water. In other countries, such as South Korea, instant coffee commonly comes pre-mixed with non-dairy creamer and sugar and is called "coffee mix". Said to have been popularised in the UK by GIs during World War II, instant coffee still accounts for over 75 percent of coffee bought to drink in British homes, as opposed to well under 10 percent in the U.S. and France and one percent in Italy.


title: Instant coffee

text: In the United Kingdom, instant coffee granules are sometimes used to enhance the flavour of sauces used in preparing spaghetti Bolognese.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant coffee is one of the ingredients in Caffenol, a home-made, non-toxic black-and-white photographic developer. The other ingredients in the basic formula are ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and anhydrous sodium carbonate; some recipes also include potassium bromide as a fog-reducing agent. The active ingredient appears to be caffeic acid. Initial experiments on Caffenol were performed in 1995 at the Rochester Institute of Technology; addition of ascorbic acid began around 2000, yielding the improved Caffenol-C, which is less likely to stain negatives than the original formulation. Experiments have shown that cheaper, less desirable brands of coffee work better for this application than more expensive brands.


title: Instant coffee

text: As with regular coffee, the green coffee bean itself is first roasted to bring out flavour and aroma. Rotating cylinders containing the green beans and hot combustion gases are used in most roasting plants. When the bean temperature reaches the roasting begins. It takes about 8–15 minutes to complete roasting. After cooling, the beans are then ground finely. Grinding reduces the beans to pieces. Until here, the process is in general the same as for other types of coffee.


title: Instant coffee

text: To produce instant coffee, the soluble and volatile contents of the beans, which provide the coffee aroma and flavor, have to be extracted. This is done using water. Pressurized water heated to around is used for this process. The coffee concentration in the liquid is then increased by either evaporation or by freeze concentration.


title: Instant coffee

text: Since the mass production of instant coffee began in post-WWII America, freeze-drying has grown in popularity to become a common method. Although it is more expensive, it generally results in a higher-quality product.


title: Instant coffee

text: Spray drying is preferred to freeze-drying in some cases because it allows larger scale economic production, shorter drying times, and because it produces fine rounded particles.


title: Instant coffee

text: The process produces spherical particles about in size with a density of 0.22 g/cm. To achieve this, nozzle atomization is used. Various ways of nozzle atomization can be used each having its own advantages and disadvantages. High speed rotating wheels operating at speeds of about 20,000 rpm are able to process up to of solution per hour. The use of spray wheels requires that the drying towers have a wide radius to avoid the atomized droplets collecting onto the drying chamber walls.


title: Instant coffee

text: One drawback with spray drying is that the particles it produces are too fine to be used effectively by the consumer; they must first be either steam-fused in towers similar to spray dryers or by belt agglomeration to produce particles of suitable size.


title: Instant coffee

text: In commercial processes, the decaffeination of instant coffee almost always happens before the critical roasting process which will determine the coffee's flavour and aroma processes.


title: Instant coffee

text: The main byproduct of the instant coffee production process is spent coffee grounds. These grounds can be used as biomass, for example to produce heat used in the manufacturing process. Roughly two times the mass in spent coffee grounds is generated for each quantity of soluble coffee.


title: Instant coffee

text: The caffeine content of instant coffee is generally less than that of brewed coffee. One study comparing various home-prepared samples came to the result that regular instant coffee (not decaffeinated) has a median caffeine content of 66 mg per cup (range 29–117 mg per cup), with a median cup size of 225 ml (range 170-285 ml) and a caffeine concentration of 328 µg/ml (range 102-559 µg/ml). In comparison, drip or filter coffee was estimated to have a median caffeine content of 112 mg, with a median concentration of 621 µg/ml for the same cup size.


title: Instant coffee

text: Regarding antioxidants, the polyphenol content of a 180 ml cup of instant coffee has been estimated to be approximately 320 mg, compared to approximately 400 mg in a cup of brewed coffee of the same size.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant coffee decreases intestinal iron absorption more than drip coffee. One study estimated that, when a cup of instant coffee was ingested with a meal composed of semipurified ingredients, intestinal absorption was reduced from 5.88% to 0.97%, compared to an absorption of 1.64% with drip coffee. It was also estimated that, when the strength of the instant coffee was doubled, intestinal iron absorption fell to 0.53%. Apparently, however, there is no decrease in iron absorption when instant coffee is consumed 1 hour before a meal, but the same degree of inhibition as with simultaneous ingestion occurs when instant coffee is taken 1 hour after a meal.


title: Instant coffee

text: Instant coffee has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in women when compared to regular coffee, whereas for men both instant and regular coffee have been associated with an increased bladder cancer risk. However, current review research suggests that there is no dose-response relationship between coffee drinking and bladder cancer, and that previous studies may have been confounded by unidentified risks of bladder cancer.


title: Instant coffee

text: Per an FDA survey, brewed instant coffee has acrylamide levels of 3–7 ppb, which is less than brewed regular coffee, i.e. 6–13 ppb.


title: Instant coffee

text: Various institutions govern the coffee industry and help to achieve standardisation and also release information to the public.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Tanu Weds Manu Returns is a 2015 Indian romantic comedy film directed by Aanand L. Rai which is a sequel to the 2011 film "Tanu Weds Manu". R. Madhavan, Kangana Ranaut, Jimmy Sheirgill, Deepak Dobriyal, Swara Bhaskar and Eijaz Khan reprise their roles from the original film. Ranaut also portrays the additional role of a Haryanvi athlete in it. The story, screenplay and the dialogues were written by Himanshu Sharma. The soundtrack and film score were composed by Krsna Solo and the lyrics were penned by Rajshekhar. Saroj Khan and Bosco–Caesar were the film's choreographers while the editing was done by Hemal Kothari.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Principal photography began in October 2014 and the film was released on 22 May 2015. The film carries the story forward showing the next chapter in the couple's life. "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" holds the record for the highest first week collections ever for a female driven film in India. Additionally, the film also held the former records for the highest single day earner ever for a female driven film in India and the highest opening weekend collections for a women-centric film in India, until these records were surpassed by Ranaut's own "" in 2019. It is the first Indian women-centric film to enter the ₹100 crore club. Made on a budget of , the film earned a total of globally and became one of the highest grossing Bollywood films. In May 2018, Box Office India reported that it is the highest-grossing Indian film driven by a female lead. It is also one of the highest-grossing Indian franchises.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" received critical acclaim, with particular praise directed towards Ranaut's performance, with many considering it one of the best Bollywood sequels ever made. The film received 3 awards at the 63rd National Film Awards, including Best Actress (Ranaut). At the 61st Filmfare Awards, it received 3 awards, including Best Actress (Critics) (Ranaut). "Film Companion" listed Ranaut's performance in the film among the 100 greatest performances of the decade (2010s).


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Tanu Sharma and Manoj Kumar Sharma, aka Manu are a couple in London that married four years ago and have an unhappy and dysfunctional marriage. Tanu gets Manu detained in a mental asylum, and returns to her hometown Kanpur, India, when her friend Payal calls her from India and tells Tanu that she has given birth to a baby girl. Before leaving London, Tanu rings Manu's friend Pappi Kutti in Delhi and tells him to immediately leave for London and release Manu.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: In Kanpur at her parents' home, Tanu encounters a crafty law student called Chintu who has become a lodger but refuses to pay rent nor does he vacate. Chintu befriends Tanu and slowly develops a crush on her, bemused by her antics. Tanu also learns that her ex-boyfriend, Raja Awasthi, is getting engaged to another girl. Pappi reaches London and gets Manu out and they reach India, where Manu sends a legal notice to Tanu to make her apologise, but she does not respond.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: One day Manu goes to Delhi University to give a medical speech, where he sees Kusum Sangwan, a young Haryanvi student-athlete, who resembles Tanu. He slowly gets obsessed with Kusum and keeps following her despite Pappi's warning. One day after Kusum confronts them, Manu tells her about Tanu. Kusum sympathises and they gradually develop feelings for each other. Manu tells Kusum he wants to marry her and meets Omi, her elder brother. Omi has no issues with Manu but shows a picture of the boy his wife wanted Kusum to marry, who turns out to be Raja. Payal Gill, Tanu's best friend calls Tanu and confides that her newborn baby's father is not her husband Jassi Gill.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Chintu gets jealous of Raja going around with Tanu and tells her father about it. He even sends Manu a nasty legal notice for a divorce, without Tanu's consent, but Manu responds by agreeing, which shocks Tanu. She confronts Chintu who says he loves her but Raja shoves him off. Raja also discovers his engagement is being called off as Manu is going to marry the new girl in his life. Both Raja and Tanu are enraged and decide to go to Delhi to confront Manu.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Manu, Kusum and Pappi travel to Chandigarh to convince Komal Gill, Payal's sister-in-law whom Pappi loves, to ditch her own wedding and elope with Pappi instead. As Pappi tries to convince Komal, Kusum is mistaken by everyone at the wedding as Tanu, including Payal, who tells her she had a test-tube baby secretly as Jassi had azoospermia. Kusum gets frantic on hearing these secrets and gives Payal a karate chop which knocks her out. She also lands a karate chop on Komal and they smuggle her to Jhajjar, where Kusum's villagers are waiting. But once her family finds out she loves Manu, they attack Manu and Pappi and lock up Kusum. Omi arrives and saves the day with his logic. The village agrees to Kusum and Manu's marriage.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: As wedding preparations start, Tanu and Raja reach there with Jassi, Payal, their baby and Manu's parents. Tanu makes fun of Kusum who snaps at her saying she is a state-level champion who is independent, loving and honest. She also reveals the truth behind Payal's baby in front of Jassi. A shocked and drunk Tanu meets Manu at night who brutally brushes off her loving declarations. In the morning, Tanu tells Kusum she is sorry about her behaviour and would like to stay and help out in their wedding preparations.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Payal and Jassi are reunited. On the eve of the wedding, Tanu gets drunk and dances in front of Manu during the baraat procession. Her parents arrive with Chintu and are shocked to see Tanu shattered as Manu leaves for his marriage. Tanu sits quietly as Manu is marrying Kusum, until Kusum stops and confronts Manu, who confesses he still loves Tanu and cannot marry her. Kusum honourably releases him and walks off, to break down privately.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Tanu and Manu are reconciled with a tearful embrace while Kusum knocks Chintu out with her famous karate chop, "Woh dekh Kabootar!" as the scene blacks out.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Following the positive response to "Tanu Weds Manu" post release in February 2011, the team considered making a sequel to carry the story forward showing the next chapter of the couple's life. The lead couple R. Madhavan and Kangana Ranaut both announced their interest of being a part of a proposed sequel, months after the original's release. In September 2011, Sunil Lulla of Eros International announced that they had signed on director Aanand L. Rai to work on a second part of the film titled "Tanu Weds Manu: Season 2". Early reports claimed that the lead actors would be seen in dual roles, while it was also speculated that Shahid Kapoor may replace Madhavan in the lead role. In January 2012, the project was postponed to allow Anand Rai to proceed with another venture "Raanjhanaa" (2013), while the makers also wanted Ranaut to finish her commitments with "Krrish 3" (2013) as the sequel demanded a different look.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Following the release and success of "Raanjhanaa" in July 2013, Anand Rai confirmed that the sequel to "Tanu Weds Manu" was still active and would feature the original cast in the leading roles, playing down reports that Imran Khan and Anushka Sharma were to replace them. Screenwriter Himanshu Sharma began working on the film in July 2013 and revealed that only the first ten minutes would have a London backdrop, before the story returns to Lucknow, Kanpur and Delhi. He went on to confirm the working title, though added it potentially may also be known as "Tanu Weds Manu Extra Large". Pre-production continued through late 2013, with Ranaut's two-month trip to the USA delaying the start of the shoot in early 2014. She later confirmed that she would play a dual role in the film, that of an athlete apart from Tanu, and the team scouted for a body double to be used in scenes featuring both characters. Dhanush, who had worked in "Raanjhanaa", was revealed to be playing a cameo appearance in the film.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: The team began filming in October 2014 in Lucknow, after a small launch ceremony. The first motion poster of the film was released on 23 March 2015 on the birthday of the leading actress, Kangana Ranaut at a special event in Delhi. "Ja Ja Ja Ja Bewafa" sung by Geeta Dutt in 1954 film "Aar Paar", was picturised on Ranaut, playing the background.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: In May 2014, the producers of the original film, Sanjay Singh, Vinod Bachchan and Shailesh Singh filed a legal notice stating that the director did not have the rights to make a sequel without their permission. Anand Rai replied stating that the trio only had rights over the first film and no direct rights over sequels or the franchise. In a further reply, Bachchan revealed that they were interested in making a sequel and should have been approached ahead of Eros International.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: In May 2015, a critic at the Mumbai Mirror gave the film 2.5 stars and a generally negative review. The newspaper later "revised" the critic's rating to 3.5 stars, based on reader feedback.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: The music and background score is composed by Krsna Solo, and the lyrics were written by Rajshekhar. However, the song "Banno" has been composed by Tanishk-Vayu (Tanishk Bagchi), and written by Vayu, and the song "Mari Gali" has been written by N.S. Chauhan and SurjRDB, and composed by the latter.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: The film was released worldwide on 22 May 2015 with nearly 2200 screens in India. The film was released overseas with 350 screens across the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Pakistan, New Zealand, Australia and UAE. According to Box Office India, the film had an average opening in circuits like Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" opened to almost 60% occupancies in screens up north, while screens across other states and metros had registered figures of 40–50%. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Zee TV.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Upon release, "Tanu Weds Manu: Returns" garnered widespread critical acclaim, with Ranaut's performance receiving particular praise. On the Indian film review aggregator website The Review Monk, "Tanu Weds Manu: Returns" received an average score of 7.3/10 based on 43 reviews and 94% critics being in the favor. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 63% based on 8 reviews and an average rating of 7/10.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Stutee Ghosh of "The Quint" gave the film a rating of 5/5 and wrote, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is gob-smackingly good; It is a laugh riot and keeps you engaged till the end’’. Praising Ranaut's performance she further wrote, ‘‘In an industry where a ‘‘double – role” entails merely sporting two different shades of lipstick, Kangana is a delight to watch. Both as the madcap Tanu and the short haired, freckled Haryanvi Datto, she is incredible’’. Srijana Mitra Das of "Times of India" gave the film a rating of 4.5/5 and wrote, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is a total delight that keeps you laughing, sighing, cheering and guessing throughout’’. Praising Ranaut's performance she further wrote, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" boasts one of the finest double roles ever in Hindi cinema; Kangana is breathtakingly good, both as doll-like drama queen Tanu and simple, dignified, earthy Kusum. Each role is performed with sensitivity, precision and flair, Kangana displaying the confidence of a talent Queen’’. Rajeev Masand of "CNN-IBN" gave the film a rating of 4/5 and praised Ranaut's performance by writing, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is no doubt a showcase for the immense talent of Ranaut, who sinks her teeth into this ‘double-role’ challenge, and creates two strikingly different characters; The actress makes you care for both characters. Watch this film for Kangana Ranaut, who’s at the top of her game’’. Anupama Chopra of "Film Companion" gave the film a rating of 4/5 and praised Ranaut's performance by writing, ‘‘Watching Kangana Ranaut in "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is like watching an athlete at the top of her game — consummate skill with effortless grace. As both the rebel without a cause, Tanu, and the Haryanvi sportswoman Kusum, Kangana is pitch-perfect. The film rests on Kangana’s shoulders and she carries it with her Herculean talent’’. Sweta Kaushal of "Hindustan Times" gave the film a rating of 4/5 and called it a ‘‘entertainer’’ and a ‘‘must-watch’’. Praising Ranaut's performance she wrote, ‘‘Kangana has done a fabulous job with her characters Tanu and Datto; From the body languages of the two women to their accents, Kangana aces it to the T. She proves yet again that she is one of the few heroines in Bollywood who is willing to experiment with different roles and still come out as the most convincing every time’’.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Ananya Bhattacharya of "India Today" gave the film a rating of 4/5 and wrote, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" deserves a watch for the sheer brilliance that it is, and the way Kangana has nailed her roles’’. Praising Ranaut's performance she further wrote, ‘‘Kangana carries the film on her able shoulders, reminding one why the actress is among the most sought-after ones in the industry today. Ranaut infuses her Tanu with a rare charm and as far as Kusum is concerned, the actress does a mind-blowing job of getting the Haryanvi girl pitch-perfect. Never for a moment is one allowed the opportunity to think that it is one actress cast in dual roles in the film’’. "Bollywood Hungama" gave the film a rating of 4/5 called it a ‘‘must-watch’’. They wrote, ‘‘"Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is a must watch, especially for Kangana's spellbinding performance, outstanding plot and amazing one-liners’’. They called Ranaut's performance in the film her ‘‘career-best’’ and further wrote, ‘‘The undisputed captain of the ship is Kangana Ranaut, who delivers a career best performance. Her performance in the film is definitely award worthy. She really knows how to carry the film on her shoulders; The impact of her roles is so significant that you just cannot imagine any other actress in her role’’. Sukanya Verma of "Rediff" gave the film a rating of 4/5 and called Ranaut a ‘‘powerhouse’’. Praising her performance she wrote, ‘‘As Datto her body language, which alternates between assertive and serene depending on the surrounding, and the sureness with which she rattles off her mother tongue is nothing short of flawless and as Tanu the talented star's calibre shines through in her understanding of a wife's thinly veiled manipulations that are but an attempt to restore what she haughtily believes to be rightly hers. Kangana, the powerhouse makes it difficult to pick a side’’.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Saibal Chatterjee of "NDTV" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and called it a ‘‘entertaining’’ and ‘‘engaging’’ film. Praising Ranaut's performance he wrote, ‘‘Kangana Ranaut, in a magnificently effective double role, powers the comic drama forward with an effortless act. The film vindicates the general belief that Kangana is currently in a zone where she can do no wrong; On one hand she is the bubbly and recklessly rebellious Tanu and on the other she embodies the no-nonsense persona of Datto, The actress fleshes out this pair of distinct individuals with such energy and finesse that it becomes difficult at times to tell that it is the same actress playing the two roles. In one word, astounding’’. Manjusha Patil of "Koimoi" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, ‘‘This is a real Desi rom com with a slightly quirky touch. It will leave a big smile on your face as you leave the theatre’’. Praising Ranaut's performance she further wrote, ‘‘This film belongs to Kangana Ranaut; This is another stellar performance by her after "Queen" (2014)’’. Sarita Tanwar of "DNA" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and called its dialogues ‘‘great’’, its characters ‘‘endearing’’ and the performances ‘‘top class’’. She called Ranaut the ‘‘crowning glory’’ of the film and wrote, ‘‘The film’s crowning glory is Kangana who betters herself with every film she does. This time, as Tanu, she gets to do much more in terms of diversity. But her portrayal of Kusum steals the show this time. Heartwarming, honest and edgy, Kangana as Kusum is the life of the film; Watch this film for the one-woman-show of Kangana Ranaut’’. Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave the film a rating of 3/5 and praised Ranaut's performance by writing, ‘‘Kangana Ranaut plays it beautifully, mixing up the familiar with the new. I would buy a ticket for her’’.


title: Tanu Weds Manu: Returns

text: Anuj Kumar of "The Hindu" wrote, ‘‘Known for creating a tangible atmosphere of small town, the team once again hit the ground running and doesn’t leave the audience’s pulse for even a moment’’. Calling Ranaut's performance in the film ‘‘gutsy’’ he further wrote, ‘‘Carrying forward her good form, it is a double delight from Kangana as she brilliantly delineates both the characters. She gives each of them a distinct identity which goes much deeper than the haircut and artificial dentures. It is her gutsy performance that prevents the film from getting reduced to a frivolous comedy’’. Rachit Gupta of "Filmfare" called "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" a ‘‘intricately designed’’ and a ‘‘well crafted’’ film. Praising Ranaut's performance he wrote, ‘‘Kangana Ranaut’s performance as both Tanu and Kusum is so enchanting that you can hardly see past her. She owns this film and she delivers it in five star fashion; The film is another fine feather in Kangana Ranaut’s flourishing hat’’. Ajit Duara of "Open" named "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" as the ‘‘funniest movie of the year’’ and praised Ranaut's performance by writing, ‘‘What Ranaut cleverly does with this double role is to demarcate feminine and masculine characteristics in women; Both women are attractive, but in different ways. This is a complex portrait of a woman’s persona and sexuality, and Ranaut has delivered it beautifully through a hilarious comedy of manners’’. Mihir Fadnavis of "Firstpost" called the film a ‘‘crowd pleaser’’ and praised Ranaut's performance by writing, ‘‘The real draw of "Tanu Weds Manu Returns" is that you get two Kangana Ranauts to entertain you, and she delivers in a huge way. Both her avatars are likeable’’.