title: Walsall

text: Of the churches in Walsall, St Matthew's Church lies to the north of the town centre near the ASDA supermarket, and can be seen when entering Walsall in any direction where it is the highest structure. In 1821, St Matthew's Church was demolished with exception of the tower and chancel and replaced at a cost of £20,000 to a design by Francis Goodwin.


title: Walsall

text: St Martin's Church was consecrated in 1960 to serve the suburban housing estates of Orchard Hills, Brookhouse and Park Hall.


title: Walsall

text: Other churches in Walsall include: The Crossing at St Paul's, in the town centre, and the Rock Church, near the Walsall Arboretum, Walsall Community Church, which meets at the Goldmine Centre.


title: Walsall

text: The Catholic St Mary's Church was built in 1827, designed by Joseph Ireland and is a Grade II* listed building.


title: Walsall

text: There are also numerous mosques or Masjids in Walsall. Most of these are in close proximity to each other, located in the adjoining areas of Caldmore and Palfrey, just south of the town centre.


title: Walsall

text: In the ward of Palfrey, there is Walsall's most-attended mosque, Masjid-Al-Farouq, alongside Aisha Mosque. Caldmore is home to four mosques: Masjid-e-Usman, Shah Jalal Masjid, Jalalia Masjid, and Ghausia Qasmia Mosque. In Chuckery, in the southeast of Walsall, lies Anjuman-e-Gosia Mosque, and Jamia Masjid Ghausia is located in the Birchills neighbourhood.


title: Walsall

text: There is also a private Islamic school and Madrassah with four campuses across Walsall known as Abu Bakr Trust. Most mosques in Walsall also run their own evening Madrassahs.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall bus station is made up of two smaller bus stations: Bradford Place bus station and St Paul's bus station; one being larger than the other and providing more services. Over 90 bus routes are operated predominantly by National Express West Midlands and Rotala's Diamond West Midlands. Services from St Paul's bus station leave Walsall serving Birmingham; Wolverhampton and Willenhall; north to Bloxwich, Cannock and Brownhills; and east to Sutton Coldfield and Aldridge. In addition, services link Staffordshire areas such as Burntwood, Lichfield and Cannock. St Paul's is also home to the Walsall Information Centre.


title: Walsall

text: Bradford Place mainly operates buses to the south and south-west, to West Bromwich, Bilston, Willenhall, Darlaston, Oldbury, Dudley and Merry Hill Centre. There are also numerous shorter bus routes leaving from both stations which give the town centre a link to housing estates including Alumwell, Beechdale, Chuckery, Park Hall and the Walsall Manor Hospital.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall is extremely well connected within the UK road network, as it is served by the M6 which connects the M1 motorway towards London and M74 motorway towards Glasgow. There are three nearby junctions which serve Walsall on the M6 motorway: J7, J9 and J10. The stretch between these junctions is one of the busiest in Europe. The town is also served by A34 road which connects Manchester and the M42 motorway towards London, and is connected regionally by the A454 Black Country route. In 2018, the UK Department for Transport estimated that 953 million miles were driven on Walsall's roads.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall railway station is situated on Station Street in the town centre and is also accessible from the Saddlers shopping centre. There are typically four trains per hour from the station to Birmingham and one train per hour to Rugeley, with fewer trains in the evenings and on Sundays. There is also a suburban station at Bescot.


title: Walsall

text: The West Midlands Metro now runs from Wolverhampton to Birmingham city centre. Soon, the metro will operate a tram extension from north of the former Wednesbury Town railway station across Potter Lane to a stop at Brierley Hill; this will see the metro line use the corridor from Wednesbury Town to Dudley, before running street level and back onto the track at Canal Street, then branching off to Merry Hill and a tram stop at Brierley Hill.


title: Walsall

text: The corridor section from Walsall to Wednesbury Town has been preserved for freight traffic to use to Round Oak Steel Terminal in the near future. It is possible that the metro extension will look to run an extension to Walsall via Bescot, but will utilise the line with either people carriers or tram-trains.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall was also to be part of the former "5 Ws" scheme which would have connected it to Wolverhampton, Wednesfield, Willenhall and Wednesbury. Walsall Council decided to pull Walsall and Willenhall out of the scheme in favour of reopening the line to Wolverhampton to passengers via Darlaston and Willenhall. A proposal for the new stations to be built is part of a wider investment strategy to improve local services.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall Aerodrome operated from the 1930s until 1956. The nearest airport to Walsall is Birmingham Airport, which is located within 30 minutes' drive.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall Arboretum was officially opened on 4 May 1874 by the wealthy Hatherton family. It was hoped that the park would provide "a healthy change from dogfights, bull-baiting and cockfights", however the 2d (old pence) admission was not popular with the public and within seven years the council took over ownership to provide free admission. Among the attractions available were two boating lakes on the sites of former quarries, tennis courts, an outdoor swimming pool, and later – in the extension – a children's play area and paddling pool.


title: Walsall

text: Over the years the Arboretum has seen many events and changes, including the beginnings of the Walsall Arboretum Illuminations as an annual event in 1951.


title: Walsall

text: Originally white bulbs in trees for courting couples in the autumn, in the 1960s and 1970s, the lights were purchased secondhand from Blackpool Illuminations, but over the years they were increasingly made "in house" and now all are.


title: Walsall

text: The Illuminations had up to sixty thousand bulbs and took year-round planning. Although the event had attracted an estimated 250,000 people in 1995, lack of growth beyond this figure has raised the prospect of major redevelopment as the light shows have been exactly the same for a number of years. In February 2009, Walsall council announced that the Illuminations would not take place in 2009, 2010 and 2011.


title: Walsall

text: In January 2010, it was announced that the Illuminations had been permanently scrapped and would be replaced by other events such as concerts and laser shows throughout the year. The existing lights would be sold off where possible to interested parties.


title: Walsall

text: The New Art Gallery Walsall opened in 2000. Named, as was its predecessor, the E M Flint Gallery in memory of Ethel Mary Flint, head of art at Queen Mary's Grammar School, an exhibitor at the Royal Academy, and a former mayor of Walsall, it contains a large number of works by Jacob Epstein as well as works by Van Gogh, Monet, Turner, Renoir and Constable. The large gallery space is host to temporary exhibitions. The lifts of the building use the voice of Noddy Holder to announce the arrival at various floors.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall had two museums, Walsall Museum (closed 2015) and Walsall Leather Museum (still open). Walsall Museum featured local history objects primarily from the manufacturing trades and also had a space for temporary exhibitions, while the leather museum displays a mixture of leather goods and has recreations of leatherworkers workshops.


title: Walsall

text: The refurbished Sister Dora statue stands at the crossroads of Park Street and Bridge Street. Opposite this stood a locally famous concrete hippopotamus, which has since been moved to outside the library and replaced by a fountain. The hippo was designed by local architect and sculptor John Wood.


title: Walsall

text: Though the novelist and essayist Jerome K. Jerome was born in the town, he never wrote about it. Some writers have, including the Walsall born John Petty (1919–1973) who set a number of his books in Walsall, most famously "Five Fags a Day" (1956). More recently the comic novelist Paul McDonald has used Walsall as a location for "Surviving Sting" (2001) and "Kiss Me Softly, Amy Turtle" (2004).


title: Walsall

text: Big Centre TV, the local television channel covering Birmingham and the Black Country, was for a short time based in Walsall town centre. Big Centre TV ceased broadcasting at midnight on Friday 4 November 2016 and reopened and relaunched as Made in Birmingham at 6 pm on Tuesday 8 November 2016. On 19 August 2018, Made in Birmingham rebranded its social media pages as Birmingham TV and changed its website address.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall's football club, Walsall F.C., "the Saddlers", was founded in 1888 when Walsall Town F.C. and Walsall Swifts F.C. merged. They won their first game against Aston Villa. The club currently play in Football League Two.


title: Walsall

text: There are also a number of non-league football clubs based within the borough, including Rushall Olympic.


title: Walsall

text: Aldridge and Walsall Hockey Club currently plays in the West Midlands Premier League and is managed by Sir Mark Grundy.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall was also once home to Formula 1 constructor Ensign Racing, in Walsall Wood from 1973 to 1980, before moving to Chasetown.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall was home to a horse racing course. The grandstand was constructed in 1809 at a cost of £1,300 on a piece of land donated by the Earl of Bradford on a lease of 99 years. Soon after completion, one of the lower compartments was converted into a billiards room, which contained a table donated by Lord Chichester Spencer of Fisherwick Park. Throughout the 19th century, races were held annually at the racecourse at Michaelmas.


title: Walsall

text: In 1809, a market house was constructed at the end of High Street, on the site of the market cross, for the sale of poultry, eggs, butter and dairy produce. The building was demolished in 1852 along with other buildings that had fallen into disrepair. A pig market was constructed in the town in 1815 on High Street. At its peak, the market would handle the sale of 2,000 pigs per day.


title: Walsall

text: In 1847, the corporation tried to construct a new market hall on the 'Bowling Green', to the rear of the Dragon Inn. The scheme proposed to use a large amount of public money to construct the hall. Shopkeepers feared that their businesses would be affected and demonstrations were held across the town against the proposals. The demonstrations forced the plans to be shelved.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall town centre is a popular shopping destination in the Black Country. This is partly because of the ample supply of free or extremely cheap parking available within the town centre, including at two large supermarkets — Tesco and Asda — located on opposite sides of the town centre. Crown Wharf Retail Park is the most popular area of shopping, Housing Asda's first non-food store, Asda Living, as well as popular shops and restaurants such as Outfit, Argos Smyths Toys, Bank, River Island, Starbucks and Nando's.


title: Walsall

text: Park Street remains Walsall's main shopping high street. Well-known retailers such as New Look, Deichmann, USC and Primark are all located on this fully pedestrianized high street. There is one main shopping mall 'Bradford Mall' formerly known as the 'Saddlers Centre' and two smaller malls located in the town centre. 'The Old Square' shopping mall houses other smaller retailers, while 'Quasar Centre', now known as 'Park Place Shopping Centre', houses Wilko's and the other smaller retailers. Other shopping destinations include Broadwalk Retail Park and Reedswood Retail Park.


title: Walsall

text: The area around Walsall Art Gallery is under redevelopment. A new Premier Inn hotel has opened along with an 8 screen The Light Cinemas in addition to popular restaurants such as PizzaExpress, TGI Fridays and Bella Italia. There is also a second cinema to be opened across the road opposite Tesco, which will also house popular restaurants.


title: Walsall

text: Projects due for completion in 2009 and 2010 include Walsall Manor Hospital redevelopment worth £174 million, the new Walsall College worth £65 million, the Waterfront South development worth £60 million and the St Matthew's Quarter worth more than £25 million. Other projects with approval include £500 million Walsall Gigaport which is a high-speed fibre optic internet environment for national and international businesses, Waterfront North development worth £65 million and the Waterfront Lex development.


title: Walsall

text: Walsall Transport Package worth £17 million was also due for completion in 2009 but was actually completed earlier, allowing the early opening of a £55 million supermarket development to create scores of extra jobs. This is an overall development of roads in and out of Walsall town centre as well as those towards Walsall Arboretum.


title: Steven Caple Jr.

text: Steven Caple Jr. (born February 16, 1988) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. His credits include "The Land" (2016), "Creed II" (2018), "A Different Tree", and "Prentice-N-Fury's Ice Cream Adventure". In 2017, "Forbes" named Caple Jr. one of the "30 Under 30" in Hollywood & Entertainment. He will also direct "" (2023), the seventh live-action "Transformers" film.


title: Steven Caple Jr.

text: Caple caught his first big break when his student film "A Different Tree" won HBO's Short Film Competition in 2013.


title: Steven Caple Jr.

text: Caple's feature film debut "The Land" premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, where it was acquired by IFC Films. It tells the story of four teenage boys who devote their summer to escaping the streets of Cleveland to pursue a dream life of professional skateboarding. The film was released on July 29, 2016. Caple would go on to be named by "The Playlist" as one of the 25 best breakthrough directors of 2016.


title: Steven Caple Jr.

text: Caple recently wrote HBO's high-profile Emmett Till project, produced by Will Smith, Casey Affleck and Jay-Z. The six-episode miniseries is adapted from Devery Anderson's 2015 biography, "Emmett Till: The Murder That Shocked The World And Propelled The Civil Rights Movement". It is based on the real-life story of 14-year-old black teen Emmett Till, who was brutally murdered after allegedly flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955.


title: Steven Caple Jr.

text: Caple's next film was the 2018 sports action drama film "Creed II", a sequel to 2015 film "Creed" and the eighth installment in the "Rocky" film series. Stallone said of appointing Caple as director: “I believe it's important for the director to also be a part of this generation like I was in mine, to make the story as relatable as possible. We are extremely lucky to have the talented young filmmaker Steven Caple Jr. step up and accept the role of director. I am confident that he and Michael B. Jordan will hit it out of the park!” Production of "Creed II" began in spring 2018. The film was released on November 21, 2018 and received positive reviews.


title: Murray Cook

text: Murray James Cook, AM (born 30 June 1960) is an Australian musician, actor, and Disc jockey. Cook was one of the founding members of the children's band the Wiggles from 1991 to 2012. Cook provided guitar, vocals, and songwriting in the group, and remained involved with its creative and production aspects after his retirement. In 2013, Cook served as the Wiggles' tour manager. He also remained active in many music projects, including, after 2015, writing and performing with the Sydney soul-rock band The Soul Movers.


title: Murray Cook

text: In July 2020, Cook brought the original members of The Wiggles back together to create a disco-infused workout track for the Soul Movers "Circles Baby" (ABC Music) designed to lift the spirits of a nation.


title: Murray Cook

text: Cook played the guitar in the late 1980s bands the Transistors and Finger Guns before joining the Sydney-based band Bang Shang a Lang. (He continued to play for Bang Shang a Lang in Sydney, when not on tour with the Wiggles.)


title: Murray Cook

text: After "a career as a struggling musician in Sydney", Cook returned to university and studied early childhood education at Macquarie University, where he met Anthony Field and Greg Page and formed the Wiggles in 1991. Cook worked as a preschool teacher for two years before the success of the Wiggles forced him to quit. According to Field, Cook would have been content to "continue teaching and perhaps move into an academic role in the field. He knows his stuff and is simply great with children".


title: Murray Cook

text: Cook was conscious that he was probably the first guitarist children would see, and said, "I always think that if it inspires kids to play guitar later on that would be great. I think it would be really nice if in 15 years I read that somebody got into guitar playing because of [The] Wiggles". "Guitar Magazine" speculated that since Cook was one of the first guitarists children were exposed to, he might be the most influential guitarist in the world. Cook's major musical influences were the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, and Eric Clapton. In 2007, Cook owned a collection of thirty vintage guitars.


title: Murray Cook

text: As a member of the Wiggles, Cook wore a red skivvy and served as an instrumentalist and vocalist. He came up with the Wiggles' signature index finger-wagging move after watching professional ten pin bowlers do the move on television. He was considered the intellectual and analytical member of the group (something referred to in several episodes of their TV show), so he acted as mediator for their group decisions. When the Wiggles received honorary degrees from the Australian Catholic University in 2006, Cook gave the commencement speech to the graduates.


title: Murray Cook

text: On 17 May 2012, it was announced that Cook, along with Greg Page and Jeff Fatt, would be retiring from the Wiggles at the end of the year. He was replaced by Wiggles cast member Simon Pryce. Cook and the others expected to remain involved with the creative and production aspects of the group. In 2013, Cook served as the group's tour manager.


title: Murray Cook

text: Cook told the "Newcastle Herald", about his music career after his retirement from the Wiggles, "I was kind of feeling my way for a few years, I guess". In addition to continuing to play with Bang Shang A Lang, he "began to explore other adult musical projects". He performed lead guitar for the Proposition, "a Sydney-based guitar pop band fronted by singer-songwriter Luke Russell" on their 2015 album, "Edge of the Dancefloor". Also in 2015, Cook was involved in the production of the play "Sons of Sun", which was about American music producer Sam Phillips. In October 2017, Cook played guitar for the tribute show "The Nancy Sinatra/Lee Hazlewood Experience" with Zoe Carides and Scott Holmes in Newcastle, New South Wales.


title: Murray Cook

text: While exploring other projects, Cook met Lizzie Mack, a member of the Sydney soul-rock band the Soul Movers, who along with Radio Birdman guitarist Deniz Tek and founder of The Soul Movers, were relaunching the group. In 2015, Cook began writing songs with Mack and decided to focus on the band and use it as his "main creative outlet" In 2017, the group recorded "Testify", "an album of energetic blues, soul and rock". The album was recorded at the Wiggles' studio in northwest Sydney and Jeff Fatt performed keyboards for the group. In 2019, the group recorded "Bona Fide", which the "Sydney Morning Herald" called "a stunning album". The album, which as Cook stated, included "more roots-oriented songs to try to reflect a wide range of American music styles", and was recorded in the U.S.' "premier soul studios" such as Sun Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, and FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama.


title: Murray Cook

text: In early 2018, Cook gave an "energetic performance" in the music video for the DZ Deathrays song, "Like People", which went viral online. He appeared with the group at the rock festival Splendour in the Grass in July 2018.


title: Murray Cook

text: The Soul Movers album "Bona Fide" was recorded across legendary studios in North America including Royal and Sun Studios in Memphis and Fame and Muscle Shoals Sound in Alabama (ABC Music 2019) has been nominated for best Soul/R&B album of 2019 in the AIR Awards. The Soul Movers play rescheduled music festival Splendour in the Grass in 2021. (Previous albums "Testify!" and "Evolution" were released in October 2020 (ABC Music)).


title: Murray Cook

text: Cook's nickname is "Muzz". He is married to Meg Munro and has two children, a son and a daughter, wheelchair basketball player Georgia Munro-Cook. In 2018, he told the "Newcastle Herald", "I'm a big fan of music in general and go to see lots of bands".


title: Murray Cook

text: Cook, along with the other three original members of the Wiggles, was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2010 "for service to the arts, particularly children's entertainment, and to the community as benefactors and supporters of a range of charities". In 2015, he was one of the members of the Australian jury for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest.


title: Murray Cook

text: On 30 November 2020, 11 months after fellow former founding bandmate Greg Page collapsed on stage at a bushfire relief concert and went into cardiac arrest, Cook opened up about a major health scare which forced him to undergo open heart surgery.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: In biology and genetic genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as the last common ancestor (LCA) or concestor, of a set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms of the set are descended. The term is also used in reference to the ancestry of groups of genes (haplotypes) rather than organisms.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The MRCA of a set of individuals can sometimes be determined by referring to an established pedigree. However, in general, it is impossible to identify the exact MRCA of a large set of individuals, but an estimate of the time at which the MRCA lived can often be given. Such "time to most recent common ancestor" ("TMRCA") estimates can be given based on DNA test results and established mutation rates as practiced in genetic genealogy, or by reference to a non-genetic, mathematical model or computer simulation.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: In organisms using sexual reproduction, the "matrilineal MRCA" and "patrilineal MRCA" are the MRCAs of a given population considering only matrilineal and patrilineal descent, respectively. The MRCA of a population by definition cannot be older than either its matrilineal or its patrilineal MRCA. In the case of "Homo sapiens", the matrilineal and patrilineal MRCA are also known as "Mitochondrial Eve" (mt-MRCA) and "Y-chromosomal Adam" (Y-MRCA) respectively.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The age of the human MRCA is unknown. It is no greater than the age of either the Y-MRCA or the mt-MRCA, estimated at around 200,000 years.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Unlike in pedigrees of individual humans or domesticated lineages where historical parentage is known, in the inference of relationships among species or higher groups of taxa (systematics or phylogenetics), ancestors are not directly observable or recognizable. They are inferences based on patterns of relationship among taxa inferred in a phylogenetic analysis of extant organisms and/or fossils.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth, estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago (in the Paleoarchean).


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The project of a complete description of the phylogenetic relationships among all biological species is dubbed the "tree of life". This involves inference of ages of divergence for all hypothesized clades; for example, the MRCA of all Carnivora (i.e. the MRCA of "cats and dogs") is estimated to have diverged some 42 million years ago (Miacidae).


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The concept of the last common ancestor from the perspective of human evolution is described for a popular audience in "The Ancestor's Tale" by Richard Dawkins (2004). Dawkins lists "concestors" of the human lineage in order of increasing age, including hominin (humanchimpanzee), hominine (humangorilla), hominid (humanorangutan), hominoid (humangibbon), and so on in 40 stages in total, down to the last universal ancestor (humanbacteria).


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: It is also possible to consider the ancestry of individual genes (or groups of genes, haplotypes) instead of an organism as a whole. Coalescent theory describes a stochastic model of how the ancestry of such genetic markers maps to the history of a population.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Unlike organisms, a gene is passed down from a generation of organisms to the next generation either as perfect replicas of itself or as slightly mutated "descendant genes". While organisms have ancestry graphs and progeny graphs via sexual reproduction, a gene has a single chain of ancestors and a tree of descendants. An organism produced by sexual cross-fertilization (allogamy) has at least two ancestors (its immediate parents), but a gene always has one ancestor per generation.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is nearly immune to sexual mixing, unlike the nuclear DNA whose chromosomes are shuffled and recombined in Mendelian inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA, therefore, can be used to trace matrilineal inheritance and to find the Mitochondrial Eve (also known as the "African Eve"), the most recent common ancestor of all humans via the mitochondrial DNA pathway.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Likewise, Y chromosome is present as a single sex chromosome in the male individual and is passed on to male descendants without recombination. It can be used to trace patrilineal inheritance and to find the Y-chromosomal Adam, the most recent common ancestor of all humans via the Y-DNA pathway.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Approximate dates for Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam have been established by researchers using genealogical DNA tests. Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived about 200,000 years ago. A paper published in March 2013 determined that, with 95% confidence and that provided there are no systematic errors in the study's data, Y-chromosomal Adam lived between 237,000 and 581,000 years ago.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: It is more complicated to infer human ancestry via autosomal chromosomes. Although an autosomal chromosome contains genes that are passed down from parents to children via independent assortment from only one of the two parents, genetic recombination (chromosomal crossover) mixes genes from non-sister chromatids from both parents during meiosis, thus changing the genetic composition of the chromosome.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Different types of MRCAs are estimated to have lived at different times in the past. These "time to MRCA" ("TMRCA") estimates are also computed differently depending on the type of MRCA being considered. Patrilineal and matrilineal MRCAs (Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam) are traced by single gene markers, thus their TMRCA are computed based on DNA test results and established mutation rates as practiced in genetic genealogy. The time to the genealogical MRCA (most recent common ancestor by any line of descent) of all living humans cannot be traced genetically because the DNA of the great majority of ancestors is completely lost after a few hundred years. It is therefore computed based on non-genetic, mathematical models and computer simulations.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Since Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam are traced by single genes via a single ancestral parent line, the time to these genetic MRCAs will necessarily be greater than that for the genealogical MRCA. This is because single genes will coalesce more slowly than tracing of conventional human genealogy via both parents. The latter considers only individual humans, without taking into account whether any gene from the computed MRCA actually survives in every single person in the current population.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Mitochondrial DNA can be used to trace the ancestry of a set of populations. In this case, populations are defined by the accumulation of mutations on the mtDNA, and special trees are created for the mutations and the order in which they occurred in each population. The tree is formed through the testing of a large number of individuals all over the world for the presence or lack of a certain set of mutations. Once this is done it is possible to determine how many mutations separate one population from another. The number of mutations, together with estimated mutation rate of the mtDNA in the regions tested, allows scientists to determine the approximate time to MRCA ("TMRCA") which indicates time passed since the populations last shared the same set of mutations or belonged to the same haplogroup.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: In the case of Y-Chromosomal DNA, TMRCA is arrived at in a different way. Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by single-nucleotide polymorphism in various regions of the Y-DNA. The time to MRCA within a haplogroup is defined by the accumulation of mutations in STR sequences of the Y-Chromosome of that haplogroup only. Y-DNA network analysis of Y-STR haplotypes showing a non-star cluster indicates Y-STR variability due to multiple founding individuals. Analysis yielding a star cluster can be regarded as representing a population descended from a single ancestor. In this case the variability of the Y-STR sequence, also called the microsatellite variation, can be regarded as a measure of the time passed since the ancestor founded this particular population. The descendants of Genghis Khan or one of his ancestors represents a famous star cluster that can be dated back to the time of Genghis Khan.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: TMRCA calculations are considered critical evidence when attempting to determine migration dates of various populations as they spread around the world. For example, if a mutation is deemed to have occurred 30,000 years ago, then this mutation should be found amongst all populations that diverged after this date. If archeological evidence indicates cultural spread and formation of regionally isolated populations then this must be reflected in the isolation of subsequent genetic mutations in this region. If genetic divergence and regional divergence coincide it can be concluded that the observed divergence is due to migration as evidenced by the archaeological record. However, if the date of genetic divergence occurs at a different time than the archaeological record, then scientists will have to look at alternate archaeological evidence to explain the genetic divergence. The issue is best illustrated in the debate surrounding the demic diffusion versus cultural diffusion during the European Neolithic.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The age of the MRCA of all living humans is unknown. It is necessarily younger than the age of either the matrilinear or the patrilinear MRCA, both of which have an estimated age of between roughly 100,000 and 200,000 years ago.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: A study by mathematicians Joseph T. Chang, Douglas Rohde and Steve Olson calculated that the MRCA lived remarkably recently, possibly as recently as 2,000 years ago. The MRCA of all humans almost certainly lived in East Asia, which would have given them key access to extremely isolated populations in Australia and the Americas. Possible locations for the MRCA include places such as the Chuckchi and Kamchatka Peninsulas that are close to Alaska, places such as Indonesia and Malaysia that are close to Australia or a place such as Taiwan or Japan that is more intermediate to Australia and the Americas. European colonization of the Americas and Australia was found by Chang to be too recent to have had a substantial impact on the age of the MRCA. In fact, if the Americas and Australia had never been discovered by Europeans, the MRCA would only be about 2.3% further back in the past than it is.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: Note that the age of the MRCA of a population does not correspond to a population bottleneck, let alone a "first couple". It rather reflects the presence of a single individual with high reproductive success in the past, whose genetic contribution has become pervasive throughout the population over time. It is also incorrect to assume that the MRCA passed all, or indeed any, genetic information to every living person. Through sexual reproduction, an ancestor passes half of his or her genes to each descendant in the next generation; in the absence of pedigree collapse, after more than 32 generations the contribution of a single ancestor would be on the order of 2, a number proportional to less than a single basepair within the human genome.


title: Most recent common ancestor

text: The MRCA is the most recent "common" ancestor shared by all individuals in the population under consideration. This MRCA may well have contemporaries who are also ancestral to some but not all of the extant population. The "identical ancestors point" is a point in the past more remote than the MRCA at which time there are no longer organisms which are ancestral to some but not all of the modern population. Due to pedigree collapse, modern individuals may still exhibit clustering, due to vastly different contributions from each of ancestral population.


title: Arhat

text: In Buddhism, an arhat (Sanskrit: अर्हत्) or arahant (Pali: अरहन्त्, 𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆) is one who has gained insight into the true nature of existence and has achieved "Nirvana" and liberated from the endless cycle of rebirth. Mahayana Buddhist traditions have used the term for people far advanced along the path of Enlightenment, but who may not have reached full Buddhahood.


title: Arhat

text: The understanding of the concept has changed over the centuries, and varies between different schools of Buddhism and different regions. A range of views on the attainment of arhats existed in the early Buddhist schools. The Sarvāstivāda, Kāśyapīya, Mahāsāṃghika, Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda, and Caitika schools all regarded arhats as imperfect in their attainments compared to buddhas.


title: Arhat

text: Mahayana Buddhist teachings urge followers to take up the path of a bodhisattva, and to not fall back to the level of arhats and śrāvakas. The arhats, or at least the senior arhats, came to be widely regarded by Theravada buddhists as "moving beyond the state of personal freedom to join the Bodhisattva enterprise in their own way".


title: Arhat

text: Mahayana Buddhism regarded a group of Eighteen Arhats (with names and personalities) as awaiting the return of the Buddha as Maitreya, while other groupings of 6, 8, 16, 100, and 500 also appear in tradition and Buddhist art, especially in East Asia called "luohan" or "lohan". They may be seen as the Buddhist equivalents of the Christian saint, apostles or early disciples and leaders of the faith.


title: Arhat

text: The Sanskrit word "arhat" (Pāḷi "arahant") is a present participle coming from the verbal root √arh "to deserve", cf. "arha" "meriting, deserving"; "arhaṇa" "having a claim, being entitled"; "arhita" (past participle) "honoured, worshipped". The word is used in the "Ṛgveda" with this sense of "deserving".


title: Arhat

text: In pre-Buddhist India, the term "arhat" (denoting a saintly person in general) was closely associated with miraculous power and asceticism. Buddhists made a sharp distinction between their "arhats" and Indian holy men, and miraculous powers were no longer central to "arhat" identity or mission.


title: Arhat

text: A range of views on the relative perfection of "arhats" existed in the early Buddhist schools. Mahāsāṃghikas, such as the Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda and Caitika schools, advocated the transcendental nature of the buddhas and bodhisattvas and the fallibility of "arhats"; the Caitikas advocated the ideal of the bodhisattva ("bodhisattvayāna") over that of the arhat ("śrāvakayāna"), and viewed "arhats" as fallible and still subject to ignorance.


title: Arhat

text: According to A. K. Warder, the Sarvāstivādins held the same position as the Mahāsāṃghika branch about "arhats", considering them imperfect and fallible. In the Sarvāstivādin "Nāgadatta Sūtra", the demon Māra takes the form of Nāgadatta's father and tries to convince Nāgadatta (who was a bhikṣuṇī) to work toward the lower stage of arhatship rather than strive to become a fully enlightened buddha (samyaksaṃbuddha):


title: Arhat

text: In her reply, Nāgadatta rejects arhatship as a lower path: "A Buddha's wisdom is like empty space of the ten-quarters, which can enlighten innumerable people. But an Arhat's wisdom is inferior." The Kāśyapīya school also believed that "arhats" were fallible and imperfect, similar to the view of the Sarvāstivādins and the Mahāsāṃghika sects. The Kāśyapīyins believed that "arhats" have not fully eliminated desire, their "perfection" is incomplete, and it is possible for them to relapse.


title: Arhat

text: In Theravada Buddhism, an "arahant" is a person who has eliminated all the unwholesome roots which underlie the fetters – who upon their death will not be reborn in any world, since the bonds (fetters) that bind a person to the samsara have been finally dissolved. In the Pali Canon, the word "tathagata" is sometimes used as a synonym for arhat, though the former usually refers to the Buddha alone.


title: Arhat

text: After attainment of nirvana, the five aggregates (physical forms, feelings/sensations, perception, mental formations and consciousness) will continue to function, sustained by physical bodily vitality. This attainment is termed "the nirvana element with a residue remaining". But once the arhat passes away and with the disintegration of the physical body, the five aggregates will cease to function, hence ending all traces of existence in the phenomenal world and thus total release from the misery of samsara. It would then be termed "the nirvana element without residue remaining". Parinirvana occurs at the death of an arhat.


title: Arhat

text: In Theravada Buddhism, the Buddha himself is first identified as an arhat, as are his enlightened followers, because they are free from all defilements, existing without greed, hatred, delusion, ignorance and craving. Lacking "assets" which will lead to future birth, the arhat knows and sees the real here and now. This virtue shows stainless purity, true worth, and the accomplishment of the end, nirvana.


title: Arhat

text: For those that have destroyed greed and hatred (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, are called "anagami" (non-returner). Anagamis will not be reborn into the human world after death, but into the heaven of the Pure Abodes, where only anagamis live. There, they will attain full enlightenment.


title: Arhat

text: The Theravadin commentator Buddhaghosa placed the "arhat" at the completion of the path to liberation.


title: Arhat

text: Mahayana Buddhists see Gautama Buddha himself as the ideal towards which one should aim in one's spiritual aspirations. A hierarchy of general attainments is envisioned with the attainments of arhats and pratyekabuddhas being clearly separate from and below those of samyaksambuddha or tathāgatas such as Gautama Buddha.


title: Arhat

text: In contrast to the goal of becoming a fully enlightened buddha, the path of a śrāvaka in being motivated by seeking personal liberation from saṃsāra is often portrayed as selfish and undesirable. There are even some Mahāyāna texts that regard the aspiration to arhatship and personal liberation as an outside path. Instead of aspiring for arhatship, Mahayanins are urged to instead take up the path of the bodhisattva and to not fall back to the level of arhats and śrāvakas. Therefore, it is taught that an arhat must go on to become a bodhisattva eventually. If they fail to do so in the lifetime in which they reach the attainment, they will fall into a deep samādhi of emptiness, thence to be roused and taught the bodhisattva path, presumably when ready. According to the "Lotus Sutra", any true arhat will eventually accept the Mahāyāna path.


title: Arhat

text: Mahāyāna teachings often consider the śrāvaka path to be motivated by fear of saṃsāra, which renders them incapable of aspiring to buddhahood, and that they therefore lack the courage and wisdom of a bodhisattva. Novice bodhisattvas are compared to śrāvakas and arhats at times. In the ', there is an account of sixty novice bodhisattvas who attain arhatship despite themselves and their efforts at the bodhisattva path because they lacked the abilities of prajnaparamita and skillful means to progress as bodhisattvas toward complete enlightenment (Skt. '). This is because they are still viewed as having innate attachment and fear of saṃsāra. The "" compares these people to a giant bird without wings that cannot help but plummet to the earth from the top of Sumeru.


title: Arhat

text: Mahayan Buddhism has viewed the śrāvaka path culminating in arhatship as a lesser accomplishment than complete enlightenment, but still accords due respect to arhats for their respective achievements. Therefore, buddha-realms are depicted as populated by both śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. Far from being completely disregarded, the accomplishments of arhats are viewed as impressive, essentially because they have transcended the mundane world. Chinese Buddhism and other East Asian traditions have historically accepted this perspective, and specific groups of arhats are venerated as well, such as the Sixteen Arhats, the Eighteen Arhats, and the Five Hundred Arhats. The first famous portraits of these arhats were painted by the Chinese monk Guanxiu () in 891 CE. He donated these portraits to Shengyin Temple in Qiantang (modern Hangzhou), where they are preserved with great care and ceremonious respect.


title: Arhat

text: In some respects, the path to arhatship and the path to complete enlightenment are seen as having common grounds. However, a distinctive difference is seen in the Mahāyāna doctrine pushing emotional and cognitive non-attachment to their logical consequences. Of this, Paul Williams writes that in Mahāyāna Buddhism, "Nirvāṇa must be sought without being sought (for oneself), and practice must be done without being practiced. The discursive mode of thinking cannot serve the basic purpose of attainment without attainment."


title: Arhat

text: A range of views on the attainment of arhats existed in the early Buddhist schools. The Sarvāstivāda, Kāśyapīya, Mahāsāṃghika, Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda and Caitika schools all regarded arhats as being imperfect in their attainments compared to buddhas.


title: Arhat

text: The Dharmaguptaka sect believed that "the Buddha and those of the Two Vehicles, although they have one and the same liberation, have followed different noble paths."


title: Arhat

text: The Mahīśāsaka and the Theravada regarded arhats and buddhas as being similar to one another. The 5th century Theravadin commentator Buddhaghosa regarded arhats as having completed the path to enlightenment. According to Bhikkhu Bodhi, the Pāli Canon portrays the Buddha declaring himself to be an arahant. According to Bhikkhu Bodhi, "nirvāṇa" is "the ultimate goal", and one who has attained nirvana has attained arhatship: Bhikkhu Bodhi writes, "The defining mark of an arahant is the attainment of nirvāṇa in this present life."


title: Arhat

text: The Mahayana discerned a hierarchy of attainments, with "samyaksambuddha"s at the top, mahāsattvas below that, pratyekabuddhas below that and arhats further below. "But what was it that distinguished the "bodhisattva" from the "sravaka", and ultimately the "buddha" from the "arhat"? The difference lay, more than anywhere else, in the altruistic orientation of the "bodhisattva"."


title: Arhat

text: The term "arhat" is often rendered in English as "arahat". The term "arhat" was transliterated into some East Asian languages phonetically, for example, the Chinese "āluóhàn" (Ch. 阿羅漢), often shortened to simply "luóhàn" (Ch. 羅漢). This may appear in English as "luohan" or "lohan". In Japanese the pronunciation of the same Chinese characters is "rakan" (Ja. 羅漢) or "arakan" (Ja. 阿羅漢).


title: Arhat

text: The Tibetan term for "arhat" was translated by meaning from Sanskrit. This translation, "dgra bcom pa", means "one who has destroyed the foes of afflictions". Thus the Tibetan translators also understood the meaning of "arhat" to be "ari-hanta".


title: Fathom

text: A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems equal to , used especially for measuring the depth of water. The fathom is neither an International Standard (SI) unit, nor an internationally-accepted non-SI unit. Historically, however, it is the most frequently employed maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world.


title: Fathom

text: There are two yards (6 feet) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around .


title: Fathom

text: The name (pronounced ) derives from the Old English word "fæðm", cognate to the Danish (via the Vikings) word "favn" meaning embracing arms or a pair of outstretched arms. Cognate maybe also via the Old High German word "fadum" of the same meaning. In Middle English it was "fathme".


title: Fathom

text: The Ancient Greek measure known as the orguia (, "orgyiá", "outstretched") is usually translated as "fathom". By the Byzantine period, this unit came in two forms: a "simple orguia" (, "haplē orguiá") roughly equivalent to the old Greek fathom (6 Byzantine feet, m) and an "imperial" (, "basilikē") or "geometric orguia" (, "geōmetrikē orguiá") that was one-eighth longer (6 feet and a span, m).


title: Fathom

text: In the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom defined the length of the international yard to be exactly 0.9144 metre. In 1959 United States kept the US survey foot as definition for the fathom.


title: Fathom

text: In October 2019, U.S. National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to retire the U.S. survey foot, with effect from the end of 2022. The fathom in U.S. Customary units is thereafter defined based on the International 1959 foot, giving the length of the fathom as exact 1.8288 meters in the United States as well.


title: Fathom

text: The British Admiralty defined a fathom to be a thousandth of an imperial nautical mile (which was 6080 ft) or . In practice the "warship fathom" of exactly was used in Britain and the United States. No conflict between the definitions existed in practice, since depths on Imperial nautical charts were indicated in feet if less than and in fathoms for depths greater than that. Until the 19th century in England, the length of the fathom was more variable: from  feet on merchant vessels to either on fishing vessels (from ).


title: Fathom

text: A cable length, based on the length of a ship's cable, has been variously reckoned as equal to 100 or 120 fathoms.


title: Fathom

text: Most modern nautical charts indicate depth in metres. However, the U.S. Hydrographic Office uses feet and fathoms. A nautical chart will always explicitly indicate the units of depth used.


title: Fathom

text: To measure the depth of shallow waters, boatmen used a sounding line containing fathom points, some marked and others in between, called "deeps", unmarked but estimated by the user. Water near the coast and not too deep to be fathomed by a hand sounding line was referred to as "in soundings" or "on soundings". The area offshore beyond the 100 fathom line, too deep to be fathomed by a hand sounding line, was referred to as "out of soundings" or "off soundings". A "deep-sea lead", the heaviest of sounding leads, was used in water exceeding 100 fathoms in depth.


title: Fathom

text: This technique has been superseded by sonic depth finders for measuring mechanically the depth of water beneath a ship, one version of which is the Fathometer (trademark). The record made by such a device is a fathogram. A fathom line or fathom curve, a usually sinuous line on a nautical chart, joins all points having the same depth of water, thereby indicating the contour of the ocean floor.


title: Fathom

text: Some extensive flat areas of the sea bottom with constant depth are known by their fathom number, like the Broad Fourteens or the Long Forties, both in the North Sea.


title: Fathom

text: The components of a commercial fisherman's setline were measured in fathoms. The rope called a "groundline", used to form the main line of a setline, was usually provided in bundles of 300 fathoms. A single skein of this rope was referred to as a "line". Especially in Pacific coast fisheries the setline was composed of units called "skates", each consisting of several hundred fathoms of groundline, with gangions and hooks attached. A "tuck seine" or "tuck net" about long, and very deep in the middle, was used to take fish from a larger seine.


title: Fathom

text: A "line" attached to a whaling harpoon was about . A "forerunner" — a piece of cloth tied on a ship's log line some fathoms from the outboard end — marked the limit of drift line. A "kite" was a drag, towed under water at any depth up to about , which upon striking bottom, was upset and rose to the surface.


title: Fathom

text: A "shot", one of the forged lengths of chain joined by shackles to form an anchor cable, was usually .


title: Fathom

text: A "shackle", a length of cable or chain equal to . In 1949, the British navy redefined the shackle to be .


title: Fathom

text: A burial at sea (where the body is weighted to force it to the bottom) requires a minimum of six fathoms of water. This is the origin of the phrase ""to deep six"" as meaning to discard, or dispose of.


title: Fathom

text: The phrase is echoed in Shakespeare's "The Tempest", where Ariel tells Ferdinand, "Full fathom five thy father lies".


title: Fathom

text: Until early in the 20th century, it was the unit used to measure the depth of mines (mineral extraction) in the United Kingdom. Miners also use it as a unit of area equal to 6 feet square (3.34 m) in the plane of a vein. In Britain, it can mean the quantity of wood in a pile of any length measuring square in cross section. In Central Europe, the klafter was the corresponding unit of comparable length, as was the toise in France. In Hungary the square fathom ("") is still in use as an unofficial measure of land area, primarily for small lots suitable for construction.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the third largest of all the states in India. Nominal GDP of the state for the year 2022-23 is Rs. 21.74 trillion


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: on (US$ 294.90 billion) in 2021-22. Uttar Pradesh has an urban population of 4,44,95,063. According to the 2011 census report, 22.76% of Uttar Pradesh's population lives in urban areas. The state has 7 cities with populations exceeding 10 lakh (1 million) each. After partition in 2000 (Uttarakhand state carved out of it), the new Uttar Pradesh state produces about 92% of the economic output of the old Uttar Pradesh state. According to Planning Commission estimates for the year 2011–12, 29.4% of the state's total population was poor. However, updated findings by NITI Aayog based on NFHS-4 (2015–16), 37.79% of the population was found to be poor.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: In the tenth five-year planning period of 2002 and 2007, Uttar Pradesh registered an annual economic growth rate of 5.2%. In the eleventh period, between 2007 and 2012, Uttar Pradesh registered an annual economic growth rate of 7%. In 2012–13 and 2013–14, however, the growth rate decreased to 5.9% and 5.1%, respectively, one of the lowest in India. The state's debt was estimated at 67% of the gross domestic product in 2005. In 2012, the state was one of the highest receivers of overall remittances to India which stood at $46.75 billion (3,42,884.05 crore), along with Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab. Additionally, the state government has selected seven cities for Metro train projects: Meerut, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Varanasi. The Lucknow Metro and Kanpur Metro projects were completed in September 2017 and December 2021 respectively. Uttar Pradesh is an agrarian state, and the highest producer of wheat (30% of the nation's supply).


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. In 2013–14, this state produced 5 crores (50.05 million) tonnes of food grain, 18.90% of the country's total production. This is partly due to the fertile regions of the Indo-Gangetic plain and partly due to irrigation facilities such as canals and tube wells. Lakhimpur Kheri is a densely populated sugar-producing district in the country. It has been the most common producer of food grains in India since the 1950s, due to high-yielding varieties of seed, greater availability of fertilisers, and increased use of irrigation. Western Uttar Pradesh is more advanced in terms of agriculture as compared to the other regions in the state. The majority of the state's population depends upon farming activities. Wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes are major agricultural products. Sugarcane is the most important cash crop throughout the state. Uttar Pradesh is one of the most important states in India as far as horticulture is concerned. Mangoes are also produced in the state.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: UP has witnessed rapid industrialisation in the recent past, particularly after the launch of policies of economic liberalisation in the country. As of March 1996, there were 1,661 medium and large industrial undertakings and 2,96,338 small industrial units employing 18.3 lakh persons. The per capita state domestic product was estimated at 7,263 in 1997–98 and there has been a visible decline in poverty in the state. However, nearly 40 percent of the total population lives below the poverty line.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: There are numerous types of minerals in the state and many industries have come up based on these minerals. There are several cement plants in Mirzapur in the Vindhya region, a bauxite-based aluminium plant in the Banda region, and the Sonbhadra region. In the hilly regions of the state, many non-metallic minerals are found which are used as industrial raw materials. Coal deposits are found in the Singrauli region. Nevertheless, the state is poor in mineral resources. The only considerable deposits are of limestone in the Mirzapur district. These are being extracted and are used largely in cement manufacture.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Uttar Pradesh has a booming electronics industry, especially in the UP-Delhi-NCR and Lucknow-Kanpur Corridors where many electronics units are produced.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Cottage industries, such as handloom and handicrafts, have traditionally provided livelihood to a large number of people in the state. These industries include:


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Dibiyapur is a notable industrial town of Auraiya district which has installations of India's leading public sector enterprises viz.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The Rice-mills and Dal-mills are working well. Other than these mills some steel furniture and cement products small scale industries are there in town located at different places. The raw material for these small-scale industries is imported from Agra and Kanpur. Mainly, the rice, pulses and desi ghee is transported at large scale to the other districts and states. In the Dibiyapur town itself the wooden furniture work is on large scale and due to its cost and quality factor, the furniture has made a good place in the market of nearby districts.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Kanpur, Faizabad, Sonbhadra, Mirzapur, and Balrampur are the most industrious areas in the state.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Mathura Refinery situated in Mathura is the only oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh, and is the 6th largest oil refinery in India.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Handlooms and handicrafts are a very important source of income in UP. There are thousands of power looms and handlooms in the state, most of which are situated in eastern UP. Many people depend on it for their livelihood. Main centres in eastern UP include Tanda, Varanasi, Azamgarh, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Mau and Mau Aima (Prayagraj). In Western UP some of the important centres are Meerut, Etawah, Etah and Kasganj. In Eastern UP, Tanda is a small town with a population of approximately 1,50,000 people with over 1,00,000 power looms. The main products include Lungis, Gamchas, Shawls, Rumaal, and garment clothes.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The service industry plays a large role in the economy of Uttar Pradesh. It contributed nearly 49% of the gross state domestic product in 2021–22. Uttar Pradesh is the 'IT-Hub' of North India, with a share of software exports next to that of Karnataka. But unlike South Indian states, IT enterprises are limited to particular areas only, such as Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad, which lie in the National Capital Region (NCR), commercial capital Kanpur and in the state capital Lucknow.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Noida is also famous for TV News broadcasters. Almost all News channels such as ABP News, Zee News and Mahua News are located in Film City.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Prayagraj city is home to glass and wire-based industry. The main industrial areas of Prayagraj are Naini and Phulpur, where several public and private sector companies have offices and factories. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, India's largest oil company (which is state-owned), is constructing a 7 million MTPA (70 lakh tonnes per annum) capacity refinery in Lohgara with an investment estimated at ₹6,200 crore. Allahabad Bank, which began operations in 1865, Bharat Pumps & Compressors and A. H. Wheeler and Company have their headquarters in the city. Major companies in the city are Reliance Industries, ITI Limited, BPCL, Dey's Medical, Food Corporation of India, Raymond Synthetics, Triveni Sheet Glass, Triveni Electroplast, EMC Power Ltd, Steel Authority of India, HCL Technologies, Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO), Vibgyor Laboratories, Geep Industries, Hindustan Cable, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Baidyanath Ayurved, Hindustan Laboratories.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The infrastructure in UP is improving in comparison to the other advanced states of India. In 2013, the Government of India declared the construction of Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow and Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, and both became operational in 2016.Lucknow Metro and Kanpur Metro became operational in September 2017 and December 2021 respectively with Kanpur Metro being the fastest built metro network in India. The Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation bus service is one of the largest in the country with more than 10,000 buses. UPSRTC ALSO introduced Volvo, Scania, and Janrath ac buses service across the state.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The length of the national highway and railway track is highest in India. A new international airport had been proposed in Gautambudh Nagar district passed by the central government and supposed to start by 2023. Kushinagar international airport also is due to become operational in 2021. Work has also started on Ayodhya airport. Uttar Pradesh has the most national highways and the state's 8th airport Bareilly Airport began operation in March 2021, with the first route between Bareilly and Delhi, the flight will take an hour. The Yamuna Expressway, which is between New Delhi to Agra, is one of the best highways in the country. In 2015, the state government started another expressway project between Agra to Lucknow that will reduce the journey time; it was inaugurated on 21 November 2016. On 31 December 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced an expressway between New Delhi and Meerut, which will cost 7,500 crore. It will reduce the journey time to one hour. Delhi-Meerut expressway was opened for public use in April 2021.In 2018 four new expressways - Purvanchal expressway, Bundelkhand expressway, Kanpur-Lucknow expressway, Gorakhpur Link expressway, Ganga expressway, Ballia link expressway are being constructed. Purvanchal expressway has been opened for public use,while the Bundelkhand expressway has started operating in February 2022.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Among all the monuments, the Taj Mahal, Agra (5.65 million) was the most visited monument in 2018-19 for domestic visitors followed by Red Fort (3.43%) and Qutub Minar, Delhi (2.64 million). In respect of foreign visitors Taj Mahal, Agra (10.87 billion) was the most visited monument, in FY 2018–19, followed by Agra Fort, Agra (0.52 million) and Qutab Minar, Delhi (0.33 million).


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: The total literacy rate of Uttar Pradesh is 67.68% which is less than average literacy rate 72.98% of India.


title: Economy of Uttar Pradesh

text: Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and is home to 200 million people, 60 million of who are poor. The pace of poverty reduction in the state has been slower than the rest of the country. Poverty is widespread. The central and eastern districts in particular have very high levels of poverty. The state is also experiencing widening consumption inequality in urban areas.Growth is slow and is driven mainly by services. According to Niti Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) based on NFHS-4, 37.79% population of Uttar Pradesh is poor.


title: Erin Richards

text: Erin Richards is a Welsh actress, director and writer, best known for playing Molly Hughes in the television series "Breaking In" and Barbara Kean in the television series "Gotham".


title: Erin Richards

text: Richards was born in Penarth, Wales. She trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. She presented the Welsh language teen magazine show Mosgito for S4C and appeared in short films before landing significant roles in BBC TV programmes "Crash" and "Being Human".


title: Erin Richards

text: In 2012, she was cast in the FOX comedy "Breaking In" as an executive assistant with an exaggerated English accent. She became a "Breaking In" regular in January 2012.


title: Erin Richards

text: She co-starred in the role of Sharon in Gonzalo López-Gallego's horror film "Open Grave", alongside Sharlto Copley.


title: Erin Richards

text: From 2014 to 2019, she played Barbara Kean in the FOX Television series "Gotham". She directed the fifth season episode "The Trial of Jim Gordon", which premiered on 7 March 2019.


title: Erin Richards

text: According to FOX, she is starring in an unreleased independent film called "That Good Night" alongside Max Brown and John Hurt. She also appeared in "The Quiet Ones", "Open Grave", and in television, "Being Human" in the UK. She lives in London, Los Angeles, and New York.


title: .hack

text: .hack (pronounced "Dot Hack") is a Japanese multimedia franchise that encompasses two projects: Project .hack and .hack Conglomerate. They were primarily created and developed by CyberConnect2, and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The series features an alternative history setting in the rise of the new millennium regarding the technological rise of a new version of the internet following a major global computer network disaster in the year 2005, and the mysterious events regarding the wildly popular fictional massively multiplayer online role-playing game "The World". The series mainly comprises anime and video game titles which have been subsequently adapted into manga, novels, and other related media.


title: .hack

text: Project .hack was the first project of the ".hack" series. It launched in 2002 with the anime series ".hack//Sign" in April 2002 and the PlayStation 2 game ".hack//Infection" in June 2002. Project developers included Koichi Mashimo (Bee Train), Kazunori Itō (Catfish) and Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (Gainax). Since then, Project .hack has spanned television, video games, manga and novels. It centers mainly on the events and affairs of the prime installment of "The World". The franchise began internationally when Bandai announced .hack//Infection, which was released in 2003 and .hack//Sign got an English dub, which was released on Cartoon Network in the same year.


title: .hack

text: .hack Conglomerate is the current project of .hack by CyberConnect2 and various other companies and successor to Project .hack. The companies include Victor Entertainment, Nippon Cultural Broadcasting, Bandai, TV Tokyo, Bee Train, and Kadokawa Shoten. It encompasses a series of three PlayStation 2 games called ".hack//G.U.", an anime series called ".hack//Roots", prose, and manga. .hack Conglomerate focuses on times and installments after the original "The World" MMORPG.


title: .hack

text: A few characters from the franchise appear in the Nintendo 3DS games "Project X Zone" and "Project X Zone 2".


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: "Street Fighter III 3rd Strike" is the second follow-up to "Street Fighter III", following "". Like its predecessors, it runs on the CP System III hardware. "3rd Strike" increased the character roster by adding five new characters, notably including Chun-Li. It also added further refinements to the previous game's play mechanics and rules. The game was well received in all of its versions and has since been regarded as one of the greatest fighting games of all time. On 29 May 2018, "Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike - Fight for the Future" was released as a part of the "Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection" for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Steam and Nintendo Switch.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: Released in May 1999, the third and final installment of "Street Fighter III" brought back the classic "Street Fighter II" character Chun-Li, along with four new characters (Makoto, Remy, Q, and Twelve), extending the selectable roster to 20 characters, with Akuma now being a regular character. All of the returning characters from the previous "Street Fighter III" games were given new stages, endings, and voice actors for certain characters, continuing the overall storyline from where the first two games left off.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: The commands for air parries, throws/holds, and leap attacks were changed from "2nd Impact". Additionally, the player can perform a "Guard Parry" or a parry during a guard stun if the timing is right. A "Guard Parry" is also known as a "Red Parry" because the character turns red when performing it. The game also introduces a grade-based "Judgement System", in which the winning player in a single or two-player match is graded after the match based on offense, defense, techniques, and extra points. Special points are also awarded after fulfilling specific requirements.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: The single-player mode consists of fighting ten regular opponents, which includes a character-specific rival as the penultimate opponent and Gill as the final boss for each of the characters except for Gill himself, whose final boss is Alex. Despite his status as a regularly selectable character, the CPU version of Q can only be fought in the single-player mode as a secret challenger. The "Parry the Ball" minigame from "" returns as well as a new version of the "Crush the Car" minigame from "Street Fighter II".


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: By clearing the game with every character including Gill, the extra options, such as infinite super arts, will be available for toggling on/off.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: All the characters from "2nd Impact" returned, with the exception of Shin Akuma, a computer-controlled version of Akuma with more powerful techniques (although the character still exists in the game's code). All of the returning characters, with a few exceptions, had new voice actors for "3rd Strike". The following five characters were added to the roster:


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: "Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike" was originally released for the arcades in 1999. There are three revisions of the arcade board, with differences in bugs and gameplay mechanics (specifically, "unblockables" for the characters Urien and Oro).


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: The Dreamcast version was released in 2000. Like "Double Impact", this port features an Arcade, Versus, Training (with normal and parry training) and Options modes, as well as a "System Direction" mode which allows the player to adjust several of the game's features. Like in "Double Impact", Gill can be selected by the player, but only after fulfilling certain requirements. Also, one additional remix of each character's musical theme, not present in the original arcade version, was composed for this version, and it was played during the third round of each match. These additional remixes were also included in the PlayStation 2 version.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: A PlayStation 2 version of "3rd Strike" was released in 2004, with all of the features from the Dreamcast version, including a choice between the arcade and Dreamcast version's respective soundtracks. It was released in Japan as a standalone game, with a limited edition package containing an "All About Street Fighter" history book, a 500-piece jigsaw puzzle, and a strategy DVD. The PS2 version was released in North America as part of the "Street Fighter Anniversary Collection", a two-in-one bundle that also includes "Hyper Street Fighter II". The PS2 version was not released in the PAL region. The PS2 version was re-released in Japan on September 18, 2008, in a two in one bundle with "Capcom vs. SNK 2".


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: An Xbox version of the "Street Fighter Anniversary Collection" was also released during the year in all three regions. The Xbox version of "3rd Strike" includes all of the features from the PS2 version, as well as an online Versus mode. All original Xbox games lost online capabilities on April 15, 2010.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: At the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con, Capcom announced that an online edition of "3rd Strike" titled "Street Fighter III: Third Strike Online Edition" was in development. The game features enhanced visual settings, GGPO-built online play and was ported by Iron Galaxy Studios. The port has similar features to "", including visual filters, an optional remixed soundtrack by Simon Viklund, and bonus content unlocked by completing in-game achievements. Other new modes include Tournament and Spectator modes, as well as Trial modes that teach the game's fundamentals and the ability to share replays on YouTube.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: "Online Edition" was released for PlayStation Network on August 23, 2011, and on Xbox Live Arcade on August 24, 2011. Although marketed as "arcade perfect", its codebase is derived from the PS2 port. The game reached #8 at the PSN download sales chart. A final patch to correct certain issues with the game was released on February 12, 2014.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: The arcade version of "3rd Strike" is a featured game in "30th Anniversary Collection" (released 2018); this game, in conjunction with "", "Super Street Fighter II Turbo" and "Street Fighter Alpha 3", has online functionality. Unlike "Online Edition", "30th Anniversary Collection" features a proprietary netcode solution developed by Digital Eclipse.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: The themes for the games are predominantly house, jungle and drum and bass, with some jazz, hip-hop, and techno elements. While Yuki Iwai worked on the soundtracks for "New Generation" and "2nd Impact", Hideki Okugawa worked on all three games. The soundtrack to the first game in the series was released on CD by First Smile Entertainment in 1997, while the "3rd Strike" original soundtrack was released by Mars Colony Music in 2000 with an arranged version afterward. The soundtrack to "3rd Strike" features three songs and announcer tracks by Canadian rapper Infinite.


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: "Street Fighter III 3rd Strike" has received positive reviews. In Japan, "Game Machine" listed the game on their July 1, 1999 issue as being the most-successful arcade game of the month. In 2004, "Game Revolution" said that it "just isn't a very exciting addition. The game is essentially like all the other Street Fighters, but with a parrying system", before concluding that it does not do "anything remotely interesting graphically; unsurprising when you consider that these games have barely grown at all visually in fifteen years" IGN said it was "worthy of just about anyone's private collection... that is unless you already have "Double Impact"," while CNET said it was "weaker in the graphics department than its predecessor."


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: Chet Barber reviewed the Dreamcast version of the game for "Next Generation", rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "A very deep and complex game that's a blast to play, with welcome new characters and a few extras. But if you've already played "SFIII", you're probably as burned out as we are."


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: Retrospectively, "3rd Strike" was ranked as the 11th best arcade game of the 1990s by "Complex"; the magazine also placed it tenth on their list of best 2D fighting games of all time in 2013, stating it "is a lot better than many people ever gave it credit for."


title: Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike

text: While not particularly popular at the time of its release (which is generally attributed to it being a 2D fighter during a 3D craze and the growing power of home consoles over arcades), "3rd Strike" is now very highly regarded in the fighting game community as one of the best fighting games of all time and is considered by many to be the best "Street Fighter" game. Aside from gameplay, it is also highly regarded for its spritework, which many feel is only matched by few games such as "" and "The King of Fighters XIII" while the animation is also considered to be better than in the later 3D installments. "3rd Strike" is also notable for being the game played in the now-famous Evo Moment 37 (where Daigo Umehara performed the "Daigo Parry"), which is often considered the most iconic moment of competitive gaming and inspired many to start playing "3rd Strike" which brought new life into the fighting game community during a time when the community was in a state of stagnancy. In 2022, IGN named it "the greatest fighting game ever made."


title: Stock (food)

text: Stock, sometimes called bone broth, is a savory cooking liquid that forms the basis of many dishes particularly soups, stews, and sauces. Making stock involves simmering animal bones, meat, seafood, or vegetables in water or wine, often for an extended period. Mirepoix or other aromatics may be added for more flavor.


title: Stock (food)

text: Traditionally, stock is made by simmering various ingredients in water. A newer approach is to use a pressure cooker. The ingredients may include some or all of the following:


title: Stock (food)

text: Bones: Beef and chicken bones are most commonly used; fish is also common. The flavor of the stock comes from the bone marrow, cartilage and other connective tissue. Connective tissue contains collagen, which is converted into gelatin that thickens the liquid. Stock made from bones needs to be simmered for long periods; pressure cooking methods shorten the time necessary to extract the flavor from the bones.


title: Stock (food)

text: Meat: Cooked meat still attached to bones is also used as an ingredient, especially with chicken stock. Meat cuts with a large amount of connective tissue, such as shoulder cuts, are also used.


title: Stock (food)

text: Mirepoix: Mirepoix is a combination of onions, carrots, celery, and sometimes other vegetables added to flavor the stock. Sometimes, the less desirable parts of the vegetables that may not otherwise be eaten (such as carrot skins and celery cores and leaves) are used, as the solids are removed from stock.


title: Stock (food)

text: Herbs and spices: The herbs and spices used depend on availability and local traditions. In classical cuisine, the use of a "bouquet garni" (or "bag of herbs") consisting of parsley, bay leaves, a sprig of thyme, and possibly other herbs, is common. This is often placed in a sachet to make it easier to remove once the stock is cooked.


title: Stock (food)

text: Basic stocks are usually named for the primary meat type. A distinction is usually made between "fond blanc", or white stock, made by using raw bones and mirepoix, and "fond brun", or brown stock, which gets its color by roasting the bones and mirepoix before boiling; the bones may also be coated in tomato paste before roasting. Chicken is most commonly used for "fond blanc", while beef or veal are most commonly used in "fond brun".


title: Stock (food)

text: By early 2010s, "bone broth" had become a popular health food trend, due to the resurgence in popularity of dietary fat over sugar, and interest in "functional foods" to which "culinary medicinals" such as turmeric and ginger could be added. Bone broth bars, bone broth home delivery services, bone broth carts, and bone broth freezer packs grew in popularity in the United States. The fad was heightened by the 2014 book "Nourishing Broth", in which authors Sally Fallon Morell and Kaayla T. Daniel claim that the broth's nutrient density has a variety of health effects.


title: The Washington Times

text: The Washington Times is an American conservative daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., that covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on national politics. Its broadsheet daily edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and in parts of Maryland and Virginia. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at a national audience is also published. "The Washington Times" was one of the first American broadsheets to publish its front page in full color.


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" was founded on May 17, 1982, by Unification movement leader Sun Myung Moon and owned until 2010 by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate founded by Moon. It is currently owned by Operations Holdings, which is a part of the Unification movement.


title: The Washington Times

text: Throughout its history, "The Washington Times" has been known for its conservative political stance, supporting the policies of Republican presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, and Donald Trump. Reagan was also a daily reader of "The Washington Times". It has published many widely shared columns which reject the scientific consensus on multiple environmental issues. It has drawn controversy by publishing racist content, including conspiracy theories about U.S. President Barack Obama and by supporting neo-Confederate historical revisionism.


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" was founded in 1982 by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the Unification movement which also owns newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International (UPI). Bo Hi Pak, the chief aide of Unification movement founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board. Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, to serve on the board of directors. "The Washington Times" first editor and publisher was James R. Whelan.


title: The Washington Times

text: At the time of founding of "The Washington Times", Washington had only one major newspaper, "The Washington Post". Massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book "The Unification Church", said that the "Post" had been "the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States." In 2002, at an event held to celebrate the "Times" 20th anniversary, Moon said: ""The Washington Times" is responsible to let the American people know about God" and ""The Washington Times" will become the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world."


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" was founded the year after "The Washington Star", the previous "second paper" of D.C., went out of business. A large percentage of the staff came from the "Star". When it launched, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full color front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections and color elements throughout. It also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the reader's hands than the type used by the "Post". At its start, it had 125 reporters, 25 percent of whom were members of the Unification Church of the United States.


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" reporters visited imprisoned South African civil rights activist Nelson Mandela during the 1980s. Mandela wrote of them in his autobiography "Long Walk to Freedom": "They seemed less intent on finding out my views than on proving that I was a Communist and a terrorist. All of their questions were slanted in that direction, and when I reiterated that I was neither a Communist nor a terrorist, they attempted to show that I was not a Christian either by asserting that the Reverend Martin Luther King never resorted to violence."


title: The Washington Times

text: After a brief editorship under Smith Hempstone, Arnaud de Borchgrave (formerly of UPI and "Newsweek") was executive editor from 1985 to 1991. Borchgrave was credited for encouraging energetic reporting by staff but was known to make unorthodox journalistic decisions. During his tenure, "The Washington Times" mounted a fundraising drive for Contra rebels in Nicaragua and offered rewards for information leading to the arrest of Nazi war criminals.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 1985 News World started publishing a weekly news magazine called "Insight on the News" (also called just "Insight") as a companion to "The Washington Times". "Insight"s reporting sometimes resulted in journalistic controversy.


title: The Washington Times

text: U.S. President Ronald Reagan read "The Washington Times" every day during his presidency. In 1997, he said: "The American people know the truth. You, my friends at "The Washington Times", have told it to them. It wasn't always the popular thing to do. But you were a loud and powerful voice. Like me, you arrived in Washington at the beginning of the most momentous decade of the century. Together, we rolled up our sleeves and got to work. And—oh, yes—we won the Cold War."


title: The Washington Times

text: Wesley "Wes" Pruden, previously a correspondent and then a managing editor, was named executive editor in 1991. During his editorship, the paper took a strongly conservative and nativist stance.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 1992, North Korean leader Kim Il Sung gave his first and only interview with the Western news media to "The Washington Times" reporter Josette Sheeran, who later became executive director of the United Nations World Food Programme. At the time, "The Washington Times" had one-eighth the circulation of the "Post" (100,000 compared to 800,000) and two-thirds of its subscribers subscribed to both papers. In 1994, it introduced a weekly "national edition" which was published in a tabloid format and distributed nationwide.


title: The Washington Times

text: U.S. President George H. W. Bush encouraged the political influence of "The Washington Times" and other Unification movement activism in support of American foreign policy. In 1997, the "Washington Report on Middle East Affairs," which is critical of U.S. and Israeli policies, praised "The Washington Times" and its sister publication, "The Middle East Times", for what it called their objective and informative coverage of Islam and the Middle East, while criticizing their generally pro-Israel editorial policy. The "Report" suggested that these newspapers, being owned by religious institutions, were less influenced by pro-Israel pressure groups in the U.S.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2004, "Washington Post" columnist David Ignatius reported that Chung Hwan Kwak, an important leader in the Unification movement, wanted "The Washington Times" to "support international organizations such as the United Nations and to campaign for world peace and interfaith understanding." This, Ignatius wrote, created difficulties for Pruden and some of the "Times" columnists. Ignatius also mentioned the Unification movement's reconciliatory attitude towards North Korea, which at the time included joint business ventures, and Kwak's advocacy for greater understanding between the U.S. and the Islamic world as issues of contention. Ignatius predicted that conservatives in Congress and the George W. Bush administration would support Pruden's position over Kwak's.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2006, Moon's son Hyun Jin Moon, president and CEO of News World Communications, dismissed managing editor Francis "Fran" Coombs because of accusations of racist editorializing. Coombs had made some racist and sexist comments, for which he was sued by other employees of "The Washington Times".


title: The Washington Times

text: In January 2008, Pruden retired, and John F. Solomon began as executive editor. Solomon had previously worked for the Associated Press and had most recently been head of investigative reporting and mixed media development at the "Post". Within a month, "The Washington Times" changed some of its style guide to conform more to what was becoming mainstream media usage. It announced that it would no longer use words like "illegal aliens" and "homosexual" and in most cases opt for "more neutral terminology" like "illegal immigrants" and "gay", respectively. It also decided to stop using "Hillary" when referring to Senator Hillary Clinton, and the word "marriage" in the expression "gay marriage" would no longer appear in quotes in the newspaper. These changes in policy drew criticism from some conservatives. "Prospect" magazine attributed the "Times" apparent political moderation to differences of opinion over the UN and North Korea, and said: "The Republican right may be losing its most devoted media ally."


title: The Washington Times

text: In July 2010, the Unification Church issued a letter protesting the direction "The Washington Times" was taking and urging closer ties with it. In August 2010, a deal was made to sell it to a group more closely related to the movement. Editor-in-chief Sam Dealey said that this was a welcome development among the "Times" staff. In November 2010, Moon and a group of former editors purchased "The Washington Times" from News World Communications for $1. This ended a conflict within the Moon family that had been threatening to shut down the paper completely. In June 2011, Ed Kelley, formerly of "The Oklahoman", was hired as editor overseeing both news and opinion content.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2012, Douglas D. M. Joo stepped down as senior executive, president, and chairman. "Times" president Tom McDevitt took his place as chairman, and Larry Beasley was hired as the company's new president and chief executive officer.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2013, "The Washington Times" partnered with Herring Networks to create a new conservative cable news channel, One America News (OAN), which began broadcasting in mid‑2013.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2013, "The Washington Times" hired David Keene, the former president of the National Rifle Association and American Conservative Union chairman, to serve as its opinion editor. Around the same time, Solomon returned as editor and also served as vice president of content and business development. Solomon's tenure was marked by a focus on profitability. He left for "Circa News" in December 2015.


title: The Washington Times

text: Opinion editor Charles Hurt was one of Donald Trump's earliest supporters in Washington. In 2018, he included Trump with Ronald Reagan, Martin Luther King Jr., Margaret Thatcher, and Pope John Paul II as "great champions of freedom." In 2016 "The Washington Times" did not endorse a presidential candidate, but endorsed Trump for reelection in 2020.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 1991, Moon said he had spent between $900 million and $1 billion on "The Washington Times". By 2002, Moon had spent between $1.7 billion and $2 billion according to different estimates. In November 2009, "The New York Times" reported that "The Washington Times" would no longer be receiving funds from the Unification movement and might have to cease publication or become an online publication only. Later that year, it fired 40 percent of its 370 employees and stopped its subscription service, instead distributing the paper free in some areas of Washington, including branches of the government. A subscription website owned by the paper, theconservatives.com, continued, as did the "Times" three-hour radio program, "America's Morning News". The paper announced that it would cease publication of its Sunday edition, along with other changes, partly in order to end its reliance on subsidies from the Unification movement. On December 31, 2009, "The Washington Times" announced that it would no longer be a full-service newspaper, eliminating its metropolitan-news and sports sections. In March 2011, it announced that some former staffers would be rehired and that the paper would bring back its sports, metro, and life sections. It had its first profitable month in September 2015, ending the streak of losses in the paper's first 33 years. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, "The Washington Times" received between $1 million and $2 million in federally backed small business loans from Citibank as part of the Paycheck Protection Program, which it said would help to retain 91 employees.


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" holds a conservative political stance. In 1995, the "Columbia Journalism Review" wrote that it "is like no major city daily in America in the way that it wears its political heart on its sleeve. No major paper in America would dare be so partisan." In 2002, "The Washington Post" reported that it "was established by Moon to combat communism and be a conservative alternative to what he perceived as the liberal leanings of "The Washington Post". Since then, the paper has fought to prove its editorial independence, trying to demonstrate that it is neither a "Moonie paper" nor a booster of the political right but rather a fair and balanced reporter of the news." In 2007, "Mother Jones" reported that "The Washington Times" had become "essential reading for political news junkies" soon after its founding, and described it as a "conservative newspaper with close ties to every Republican administration since Reagan."


title: The Washington Times

text: In a "Harper's Magazine" essay in 2008, American historian Thomas Frank linked "The Washington Times" to the modern American conservative movement, saying: "There is even a daily newspaper—"The Washington Times"—published strictly for the movement's benefit, a propaganda sheet whose distortions are so obvious and so alien that it puts one in mind of those official party organs one encounters when traveling in authoritarian countries." "The New York Times" noted in 2009 that it had been "a crucial training ground for many rising conservative journalists and a must-read for those in the movement. A veritable who's who of conservatives—Tony Blankley, Frank J. Gaffney Jr., Larry Kudlow, John Podhoretz and Tony Snow—has churned out copy for its pages." The "Columbia Journalism Review" noted that reporters for "The Washington Times" had used it as a springboard to other mainstream news outlets.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2002, "Post" veteran Ben Bradlee said: "I see them get some local stories that I think the "Post" doesn't have and should have had." In January 2011, conservative commentator Paul Weyrich said: ""The Washington Post" became very arrogant and they just decided that they would determine what was news and what wasn't news and they wouldn't cover a lot of things that went on. And "The Washington Times" has forced the "Post" to cover a lot of things that they wouldn't cover if the "Times" wasn't in existence."


title: The Washington Times

text: Alexander Hunter, designer and editorial illustrator for "The Washington Times", has won the 2019 Sigma Delta Chi Award for excellence in journalism from the Society of Professional Journalists.


title: The Washington Times

text: Thom Loverro, lead sports columnist for "The Washington Times", won a Sigma Delta Chi Award for Sports Column Writing in 2014.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2013, "The Washington Times" won two Sigma Delta Chi Awards for excellence in journalism from the Society of Professional Journalists for Deadline Reporting (Daily Circulation of 1–50,000) and Investigative Reporting (Daily Circulation 1–50,000).


title: The Washington Times

text: Guy Taylor and Dan Boylan, reporters for "The Washington Times", won an Honorable Mention for the 31st annual Gerald R. Ford Journalism Prize for Distinguished Reporting on the Presidency.


title: The Washington Times

text: "The Washington Times" Advertising department won first and third place in the 2019 VPA News and Advertising contest in the Special Sections (standalone section non-slick cover) category. Outstanding design and creative artwork for the Qatar and Rolling Thunder Special Section covers landed the department the award.


title: The Washington Times

text: Some former employees, including Whelan, have insisted that "The Washington Times" was always under Moon's control. Whelan, whose contract guaranteed editorial autonomy, left the paper in 1984 when the owners refused to renew his contract. Three years later, editorial page editor William P. Cheshire and four of his staff resigned, charging that, at the explicit direction of Sang Kook Han, a top official of the Unification movement, then-executive editor Arnaud de Borchgrave had stifled editorial criticism of political repression in South Korea under President Chun Doo-hwan. In 1982, "The Washington Times" refused to publish film critic Scott Sublett's negative review of the movie "Inchon", which was also sponsored by the Unification movement.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 1988, "The Washington Times" published a misleading story suggesting that Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis had sought psychiatric help, and included a quote from Dukakis' sister-in-law saying "it is possible" he visited a psychiatrist. However, "The Washington Times" misleadingly clipped the full quote by the sister-in-law, which was: "It's possible, but I doubt it." Reporter Peggy Weyrich quit in 1991 after one of her articles about Anita Hill's testimony in the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nominee hearings was rewritten to depict Hill as a "fantasizer."


title: The Washington Times

text: During the presidency of Bill Clinton "The Washington Times" reporting on his alleged sex scandals was often picked up by other, more respected, news media which contributed to enhanced public awareness of the topic, and eventually to Clinton's impeachment. In 1999 the Senate voted to acquit Clinton, allowing him to complete his second term as president.


title: The Washington Times

text: In a 1997 column in "The Washington Times", Frank Gaffney falsely alleged that a seismic incident in Russia was a nuclear detonation at that nation's Novaya Zemlya test site, which would have meant that Russia had violated the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB). Subsequent scientific analysis of the Novaya Zemlya event showed that it was a routine earthquake. Reporting on the allegation, the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" observed that following its publication: "fax machines around Washington, D.C. and across the country poured out pages detailing Russian duplicity. They came from Frank Gaffney." The "Bulletin" also noted that during the first four months of 1997, Gaffney had "issued more than 25 screeds" against the CTB.


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2002, "The Washington Times" published a story accusing the National Educational Association (NEA), the largest teachers' union in the United States, of teaching students that the policies of the U.S. government were partly responsible for the 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. The NEA responded to the story by denying all of its accusations. Brendan Nyhan, later a political science professor at the University of Michigan, wrote that "The Washington Times" story was a "lie" and a "myth".


title: The Washington Times

text: In 2018, "The Washington Times" published a commentary piece by retired U.S. Navy admiral James A. Lyons which promoted conspiracy theories about the murder of Seth Rich. Lyon wrote that it was "well known in intelligence circles that Seth Rich and his brother, Aaron Rich, downloaded the DNC emails and was paid by WikiLeaks for that information." The piece cited no evidence for the assertion. Aaron Rich filed a lawsuit against "The Washington Times", saying that it acted with "reckless disregard for the truth" and that it did not retract or remove the piece after "receiving notice of the falsity of the statements about Aaron after the publication". Rich and "The Washington Times" settled their lawsuit, and the paper issued an "unusually robust" retraction.