title: Edward Albee

text: Albee left home for good in his late teens. In a later interview, he said: "I never felt comfortable with the adoptive parents. I don't think they knew how to be parents. I probably didn't know how to be a son, either." In a 1994 interview, he said he left home at 18 because "[he] had to get out of that stultifying, suffocating environment." In 2008, he told interviewer Charlie Rose that he was "thrown out" because his parents wanted him to become a "corporate thug" and did not approve of his aspirations to be a writer.


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee moved into New York's Greenwich Village, where he supported himself with odd jobs while learning to write plays. Primarily in his early plays, Albee's work had various representations of the LGBTQIA community often challenging the image of a heterosexual marriage. Despite challenging society's views about the gay community, he did not view himself as an LGBT advocate. Albee's work typically criticized the American Dream. His first play, "The Zoo Story", written in three weeks, was first staged in Berlin in 1959 before premiering Off-Broadway in 1960. His next, "The Death of Bessie Smith", similarly premiered in Berlin before arriving in New York.


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee's most iconic play, "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", opened on Broadway at the Billy Rose Theatre on October 13, 1962, and closed on May 16, 1964, after five previews and 664 performances. The controversial play won the Tony Award for Best Play in 1963 and was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize by the award's drama jury, but the selection was overruled by the advisory committee, which elected not to give a drama award at all. The two members of the jury, John Mason Brown and John Gassner, subsequently resigned in protest. An Academy Award-winning film adaptation by Ernest Lehman was released in 1966 starring Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, George Segal, and Sandy Dennis, and was directed by Mike Nichols. In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Edward Albee

text: Georgia State University English professor Matthew Roudane divides Albee's plays into three periods: the Early Plays (1959–1966), characterized by gladiatorial confrontations, bloodied action and fight to the metaphorical death; the Middle Plays (1971–1987), when Albee lost favor of Broadway audience and started premiering in the U.S. regional theaters and in Europe; and the Later plays (1991–2016), received as a remarkable comeback and watched by appreciative audiences and critics the world over.


title: Edward Albee

text: According to "The New York Times", Albee was "widely considered to be the foremost American playwright of his generation."


title: Edward Albee

text: The less-than-diligent student later dedicated much of his time to promoting American university theatre. He served as a distinguished professor at the University of Houston, where he taught playwriting. His plays are published by Dramatists Play Service and Samuel French, Inc.


title: Edward Albee

text: A member of the Dramatists Guild Council, Albee received three Pulitzer Prizes for drama—for "A Delicate Balance" (1967), "Seascape" (1975), and "Three Tall Women" (1994).


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1972. In 1985, Albee was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. In 1999, Albee received the PEN/Laura Pels Theater Award as a Master American Dramatist. He received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement (2005); the gold medal in Drama from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1980); as well as the Kennedy Center Honors and the National Medal of Arts (both in 1996). In 2009, Albee received honorary degree from the Bulgarian National Academy of Theater and Film Arts (NATFA), a member of the Global Alliance of Theater Schools.


title: Edward Albee

text: In 2008, in celebration of Albee's 80th birthday, a number of his plays were mounted in distinguished Off-Broadway venues, including the historic Cherry Lane Theatre where the playwright directed two of his early one-acts, "The American Dream" and "The Sandbox".


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee established the Edward F. Albee Foundation, Inc. in 1967, from royalties from his play "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?". The foundation funds the William Flanagan Memorial Creative Persons Center (named after the composer William Flanagan, but better known as "The Barn") in Montauk, New York, as a residence for writers and visual artists.


title: Edward Albee

text: The foundation's mission is "to serve writers and visual artists from all walks of life, by providing time and space in which to work without disturbance."


title: Edward Albee

text: As a teen in Larchmont, Albee became a close friend of English-born Muir Weissinger, Jr., and his family. Albee, along with others, referred to Florence, Muir's mother, as "Mummy." For her part, Albee's mother felt he spent too much time at the Weissinger household. Albee dated Muir's sister, Delphine, and escorted her to her coming-out party. Albee and Delphine had a "long and intense relationship" while it lasted; Albee has said they were "unofficially engaged." Albee kept in touch for a long time with Florence and Muir Weissinger.


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee insisted that he did not want to be known as a "gay writer," saying in his acceptance speech for the 2011 Lambda Literary Foundation's Pioneer Award for Lifetime Achievement: "A writer who happens to be gay or lesbian must be able to transcend self. I am not a gay writer. I am a writer who happens to be gay." His longtime partner, Jonathan Richard Thomas, a sculptor, died on May 2, 2005 from bladder cancer. They had been partners from 1971 until Thomas's death. Albee also had a relationship of several years with playwright Terrence McNally during the 1950s.


title: Edward Albee

text: Albee lived in a 6,000-square-foot loft that was a former cheese warehouse in New York's Tribeca neighborhood. At the time of his death Albee held an expansive collection of fine art, utilitarian works and sculptures. Albee was especially interested in artworks created by indigenous cultures in Africa and Oceania.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: New Delhi railway station (station code: NDLS) is the main railway station in Delhi. Platform 1 is located at Paharganj and platform 16 opens up on to the side of Ajmeri Gate. The station is about north of Connaught Place in Central Delhi. It is one of the busiest railway stations in the country in terms of train frequency and passenger movement.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: Until the 1950s, the Old Delhi railway station was the main station in Delhi. The official inauguration of the one platform New Delhi railway station took place in 1956. The station building at Paharganj was the first in India to have common station facilities for all classes of passengers including a common entry and exit. With the station meeting its saturation limit as early as the 1970s, there have been continuous efforts over the decades to decongest the station including the rail traffic. By the 1980s the station had seven platforms, in 1995 it had ten platforms and during the 2010 redevelopment the platforms increased to sixteen. The new station building on the side of the Ajmeri Gate was upgraded during this redevelopment. Delhi Metro connectivity has been integrated.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The 16 platforms cater to around 235 trains which start, end, or pass through the station daily. According to different studies and periods of the year estimates for daily footfall and passengers handled varies. The average daily passenger inflow and outflow is about 2.13 lakh (); other estimates place daily footfall at around 5 lakh, which can reach 6 lakh during peak festival season. Since 1999, the station holds the record for the largest route relay interlocking system in the world. As per the categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance the station was formerly ranked A1 and is now an NSG-1 (Non-Suburban Grade-1) station.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: Before the new imperial capital New Delhi was established after 1911, the Old Delhi railway station served the entire city and the Agra–Delhi railway line cut through what is today called Lutyens' Delhi. The line ran through plans for a new capital, including space set aside for the All India War Memorial and Kingsway.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The railway line was shifted along Yamuna river and opened in 1924. Minto rail bridge came up at this time. The East Indian Railway Company sanctioned the construction of a single story building and a single platform between Ajmeri Gate and Paharganj in 1926; this would go on to become the New Delhi railway station. The government's plans to have the new station built inside the Central Park of Connaught Place was rejected. The Viceroy entered the city through the new railway station during the inauguration of New Delhi in 1931. New structures were added to the railway station later and the original building served as the parcel office for many years.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: By 1955 a new station building had been constructed at a cost of about . A common entrance, exit and circulating area for all classes of passengers was created. It was the first station in India to have common facilities. Up until then an adapted form of the colonial era system had remained in place, the platform and area that had been reserved for the Britishers was used by upper class Indians while the other platforms and areas went to the lower classes. A common area for refreshments was built, waiting areas as per ticket class, and resting rooms with different fees open to all classes. The building layout and design was done under the Architect of the Ministry of Railways. The one platform station was officially inaugurated on 16 April 1956. Up until then Old Delhi railway station was the main station.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The building exterior at this time was made of exposed concrete. In preparation for the 1982 Asian Games, the exterior of the main entrance on Paharganj side was covered with sandstone. This was then painted in the 1990s. Before the 2010 Commonwealth Games the original exterior was covered with aluminum. Pillars and benches were also given a metal look. Subsequently the exterior aluminum panels were given a colour combination.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: In September 2009, the new building of the station on the Ajmeri Gate side was opened. The building has a total floor area of 9,000 m spread over three floors. The entrance and departure on this side were moved to different floors. A new route relay interlocking system was put into place; since 1999 this system remains the largest in the world according to "Guinness World Records". The number of platforms was increased from 12 to 16 during this period. In the 1980s, the station had seven platforms. In 1995 the tenth platform was constructed. The Paharganj side faced more space constraints as compared to the Ajmeri Gate side.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: In 2007, architecture firm Farrells (along with others such as Arup and SMEC) were commissioned as consultants with regard to the redevelopment, modernisation and expansion of the station in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. The consultants would also be involved in the masterplan of the Indian Railways for the station redevelopment. Other consultants included AREP, Gerkan, Marg and Partners, HOK group and Rail India Technical and Economic Service (Rites). In 2008, a set of diagrams emerged; one set consisted of a glass and steel domed exterior encasing the entire platform area of the station, extensive changes would be made to ensure optimal utilization of footfall and vehicle space, and commercialization was integrated. The station occupies and 10–20% of it (50 acres) could be used for retail and commercial use. 13 consortiums from around the world showed interest. In March 2020, long-term plans for a public private partnership (PPP) to change the railway station to improve passenger flow was described, with the Rail Land Development Authority put in charge. The plans and timing are not firm, only the goal, to make a world-class railway station.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: There are around 8 temples and 5 mosques located in the vicinity of the station. There is a temple (Lankeshwar Mahadev temple) on platform 6-7 and a mosque (Masjid Ghareeb Shah) on platform 2-3. There was an unsuccessful attempt to demolish the temple in 1982. Ajmeri Gate and Ghaziuddin's Mosque are also located in the vicinity of the station. These structures come into question during redevelopment plans. The AMASR Act regulates construction in the vicinity of centrally protected monuments.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The station is the main junction for the Rajdhani Express and a number of pairs of Shatabdi Express originate and terminate at this station. In 1969 the first Rajdhani Express left from the station to Howrah. The first Vande Bharat Express was flagged off from the station in 2019. Luxury tourist trains have itinerary's which start and end at New Delhi railway station, "Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels" and "Maharajas' Express." The Buddhist circuit train Mahaparinirvan Express also starts and end at the station. The number of trains per platform per day varies from 13 trains to 23 trains. On average the station handles 237 trains every day, while the maximum handled in a day reaches 275. It handles around 350 unique trains in total.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The station handled the introduction of passenger trains to cater to the increasing population growth and industrialization such as on the New Delhi-Ahmedabad route. Double heading trains ran from the station including the KK Express on the New Delhi-Bangalore-Trivandrum route. In 1967 on the New Delhi-Mumbai route a container service was started and on the New Delhi-Gwalior route folding containers were used. In the 1970s the New Delhi-Eranakulam covered while the Delhi-Jaipur express reached a maximum speed of . In the 1980s the station handled around 100 trains daily, including coaching, mail and express trains.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: New Delhi railway station has seen numerous initiatives over the decades to decongest it. In the 1970-80s goods trains previously arriving at the station were diverted to other stations. New platforms including island platforms and platform faces were undertaken. Washing and stabling points, and shunting necks were increased. The Thomson Road side of the station also began to be developed with a station building, ticket facilities and other ancillary structures. Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station began to be considered with regard to easing the load of New Delhi railway station. In the 2000s decongestion efforts includes construction of new passenger terminals such as those at Anand Vihar Terminal railway station, diversion of trains to other stations such as Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station and additional stoppage of trains at other stations such as Delhi Shahdara Junction railway station. With the five main railway terminals in New Delhi, including New Delhi railway station, reaching a saturation limit other stations such as Bijwasan railway station are being developed.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: Rail lines include the New Delhi-Mumbai main line, Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line, both part of the Diamond Quadrilateral, and the New Delhi-Chennai main line; the lines have been improved in various ways over the years and there are plans to further improve it. The maximum sectional speed permissible on these lines in 2016 was . The Delhi-Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, part of a larger modernisation push, is planned.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: Suburban rail services such as the Delhi Ring Railway and the Delhi Suburban Railway were expanded for the 1982 Asian Games; New Delhi railway station is a stop. In 2010 as many as 78 suburban trains passed through the station daily. The main radials from New Delhi are towards Faridabad-Palwal, Sonipat-Panipat, Rohtak, Gurgaon-Rewari and Shahdara-Shamli. The other sub-sections/ring within National Capital Region (NCR) is New Delhi – Anand Vihar – New Delhi/Delhi.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: The station handled around 168,000 passengers daily in 2011. Rohit Anand's study between 2016 and 2018 estimated a daily footfall of 482,000. In 2022, Rahul Bhatnagar's study placed the daily average passenger (inflow and outflow) as 213,000; the study calculated an equivalent passenger unit (EPU) of 4,15,157. During festivals, daily footfall can reach 6 lakh. Other estimates place daily footfall at around 5 lakh. In 2011 the daily revenue was .


title: New Delhi railway station

text: According to a 2009 study, in the capital region, the daily passengers originating at major stations is about 7.2 lakhs. With respect to suburban rail services the daily unreserved passengers per day for New Delhi railway station is around 38,000; this is out of a total of 4.3 lakh per day unreserved passengers.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: New Delhi's first round-the-clock service food court with national and international brands was opened up at the station in 2021. Facilities include a souvenir shop, book and magazine stalls, two executive lounges, waiting rooms, at least one escalator per platform, water vending machines, snack areas, and energy saving lighting systems. In 2014 Wi-Fi connectivity was launched at the station on a free basis for a limited period of time after which users would be required to pay for the service. The station is home to base kitchens. As of 2021, the cargo facility is being redeveloped. In 2003 the station was serviced by around 1450 licensed porters, with each porter earning more than per month.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: According to the old categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, New Delhi was ranked A1; as per the new categorization system adopted in 2017 it is an NSG-1 station. Other ancillaries in the station complex include the Rail Yatri Niwas on the Ajmeri Gate side. In 1996 it provided single and double rooms at Rs 150/250, air-conditioned rooms for Rs 210/500, all with common bath, while dormitories provided cheaper facilities. A Delhi train ticket was required to access the hotel. The Rail Yatri Niwas has been run by Ginger Hotel in coordination with IRCTC since 2009. Security personnel, including the Railway Protection Force, Government Railway Police and Delhi Police, are present at the station. The station has over 150 CCTV cameras monitored by the railway police and assisted by the Signal and Telecommunication department of the Indian Railways. The station has two police stations and three posts.In cleanliness, the station ranked 165th out of 720 stations in India in an independent audit in 2019; out of 21 NSG-1 stations it ranked 11th. In 2016, out of 75 stations of the A1 category, New Delhi railway station ranked 55 in cleanliness. As part of a public-private partnership non-governmental organizations Chintan and Safai Sena support the material recovery facility at the station since 2012. Originally a garbage dump, an area has been redeveloped to facilitate waste segregation. Waste from passenger trains at the station is collected; this waste can reach 3-4 tonnes every day with a couple thousand plastic water bottles being collected. This experiment of the Indian railways to coordinate station cleanliness with the two NGOs resulted in friction with the traditional waste picker community. Mechanised cleaning is undertaken through different contractors. In 2017 energy saving systems were implemented into the lighting and fan fixtures. In 2016-2017, 2 MW rooftop solar panels were installed at the station by Vivaan Solar under public–private partnership and executed on design, build, finance, operate and transfer (DBFOT) basis; the company will also be responsible for maintaining the plant for a period of 25 years.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: A beautification effort in 2018-19 resulted in a number of walls and staircases being covered with artwork and murals. The art includes numerous themes, graffiti, and styles from across India such as Warli tribal painting. The main façade on Ajmeri Gate side was covered with artwork of monuments and heritage in India. Green spaces have been developed.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: New Delhi railway station is served by New Delhi station on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro, and also by the Airport Express (Orange Line), which connects it directly to Indira Gandhi International Airport and further to the Blue Line. A skywalk connects the foot over bridges on Ajmeri Gate side of the station to the metro and the parking complex on Bhavbhuti Marg. The total distance of the foot over bridge from Paharganj side to the Bhavbhuti Marg parking area is .


title: New Delhi railway station

text: Vehicle traffic congestion is an issue at the station that has been addressed in various ways over the years. In the 1970-80s consideration began for creating additional entry from Thompson Road and the widening of Chelmsford road. The 2016 report of the high powered committee on decongesting traffic in Delhi recommended the areas around the station as in need of decongestion. As of 2022 a new traffic circulation plan has been proposed.


title: New Delhi railway station

text: "State Entry Road", a colonial-era legacy situated on Paharganj side, bypasses the congested Chelmsford Road however access is limited.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening is a 2005 action-adventure game developed and published by Capcom. The game is a prequel to the original "Devil May Cry", featuring a younger Dante. Set a decade before the events of the first "Devil May Cry" in an enchanted tower, Temen-ni-gru, the story centers on the dysfunctional relationship between Dante and his brother Vergil. The game introduces combat mechanics with an emphasis on combos and fast-paced action. The story is told primarily in cutscenes using the game's engine, with several pre-rendered full motion videos.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: "Devil May Cry 3" was released in February and March 2005 for the PlayStation 2 and ported to Microsoft Windows in June and October 2006. It was widely praised by critics, hailing it as a return to form for the series, yet did receive some criticisms for its high level of difficulty in the North American release. It was re‐released in 2006 as , featuring retooled difficulty levels, the addition of mid-mission checkpoints, "GOLD mode", and Vergil as a playable character. Combined sales of both versions were over 2.3 million. It has been cited as one of the greatest video games of all time.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: A 2005 manga prequel to "Devil May Cry 3"s storyline was published in Japan and later the United States.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The gameplay in "Devil May Cry 3" consists of levels, missions, in which players battle enemies, carry out platforming tasks and solve puzzles to progress through the story. The player's performance in each mission is graded from D through C, B and A, with top marks of S and SS. Grades are based on time taken to complete a mission, the number of red orbs (currency obtained from defeated enemies) gathered, "stylish" combat, item usage and damage received. The games tracks stylish combat by an on-screen gauge, which is the performance of a series of attacks ("combos") while avoiding damage. The longer a player attacks without repetition and evades damage, the higher the score. The gauge registers "Dope" after a few attacks, progressing through "Crazy", "Blast", "Alright", "Sweet", "SShowtime" to peak at "SSStylish". If Dante receives damage, the style rating falls; if the gauge is "Crazy" or below, it will reset. "Devil May Cry 3"s battle system allows a player to link attacks, with each weapon having a set number of attacks.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Devil Trigger is a mechanic which enables the player's character to assume a demonic form. This alters the character's appearance, increases attack and defense, restores health and enables special attacks. This is a departure from the previous titles, where Dante draws power from weapons and items he procures throughout the game. The Devil Trigger state lasts as long as there is energy in the Devil Trigger gauge; the gauge rises by attacking or taunting enemies in normal mode, and falls when using the Devil Trigger transformation or other abilities using Devil Trigger power. The Devil Trigger mode is not available to Dante until one-third of the way through the game, while Vergil, playable in the special edition, has the ability at the outset.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The other major difference from previous "Devil May Cry" games is "Devil May Cry 3"s combat system, which allows a player to choose one of Dante's four combat styles; each style has a different focus and techniques. Dante can switch between all four equipped weapons (two guns, two melees) on the fly, allowing for far greater combat freedom and variety than in previous "Devil May Cry" games. Style selection is available at checkpoints and at the beginning of each level. The styles are "Trickster", for dodging and agility; "Swordmaster", with abilities for swords and other weapons; "Gunslinger", with firearms techniques; and "Royal Guard", which allows a player to repel attacks with a button press (storing energy for retaliation). Later in the game, two additional styles become unlocked: "Quicksilver", slowing enemies, while the character attacks at normal speed; and "Doppelgänger", which creates a shadow double who fights alongside Dante. A second player may control the shadow double by pressing "Start" on a second controller. A two-player mode, similar to the Doppelgänger style, is accessible while Dante and Vergil battle Arkham. In the special edition Vergil has another style, "Dark Slayer", which is similar to Trickster.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition" version of the game makes some changes to the gameplay. Along with making Vergil a playable character, other changes included an additional survival mode called "Bloody Palace" (which originally appeared in the second game) with 9,999 levels; a Jester fight early in the game, with optional fights later; a "Turbo Mode", increasing game speed by 20 percent; an easier GOLD mode "continue" feature, allowing a player to revive a character or restart a lost fight, and rebalanced difficulty levels. Vergil's gameplay differed from Dante's; although Dante was weaker than Vergil in terms of skills and combos, he was easier to control. Because of the game's space limitations, not all of Vergil's moves were included in the special edition.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Vergil has one style, "Dark Slayer" (similar to Dante's "Trickster" style), with evasive maneuvers which can be leveled-up twice like Dante's four styles. He has three weapons: a katana known as Yamato, Beowulf gauntlets and greaves and the Force Edge broadsword. Vergil has two ranges of attack: "Summoned Swords" (creating magical swords for a variety of effects) and "Judgment Cut" (creating spheres of force). The new boss is Jester, a character encountered several times in first-edition cutscenes but not fought. In "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition", he is a boss who may be fought three times.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The Nintendo Switch version of "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition" added the ability to switch between styles at any point during combat.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: "Devil May Cry 3" starts with Dante's yet-unnamed shop. A mysterious man, Arkham, arrives with an invitation from Dante's brother Vergil in the form of a demonic attack. After Dante defeats a group of demons, a huge tower erupts from the ground nearby, eclipsing the sprawling city surrounding it. Sensing that Vergil is on top of the structure, Dante interprets this as a challenge. He begins fighting more demons during his journey, some of which become his weapons once defeated. Dante is attacked by a woman on a motorcycle who turns out to be Mary, Arkham's daughter, who wants revenge on her father for causing her mother's death. It is revealed that Arkham works for Vergil; they plan to take Dante's half of their mother's amulet and use its power on the tower to connect the human and demonic worlds.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: After a number of battles and an encounter with a being named Jester, Dante reaches the tower's summit and battles Vergil. Vergil defeats Dante by stabbing him with his own sword, Rebellion, steals his amulet and leaves. Dante's blood releases a seal on Rebellion, causing Dante's dormant demonic powers to emerge, and he sets out in pursuit, only to be swallowed by a giant whale-like demon. After escaping from the beast, Dante catches Vergil in a control room in the tower's basement, where Vergil cannot reactivate the tower. The brothers fight again, until they are interrupted by Mary and Jester. Jester reveals himself to be Arkham, who has manipulated them all to reactivate the tower in order to reach the demonic world. There he plans to steal the Force Edge, the dormant form of Sparda's sword with his power, using it to rule a demon-infested Earth. The tower transforms as the spell is broken; Arkham is carried to the summit, and Vergil disappears in the confusion.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Dante battles his way back up the tower, fighting Mary for the right to pursue Arkham. He is victorious, and Mary lends him her most powerful weapon. Reaching the summit, Dante crosses to the demonic world and catches Arkham, who has by now assumed Sparda's demonic form. Overwhelmed by power, Arkham transforms into a blob-like creature and attacks Dante. During their fight, Vergil reappears, and the brothers work together to expel Arkham from the demonic world. Weakened, Arkham lands on the tower where Mary finds him. She renounces her name and calls herself Lady, a nickname given to her by Dante because she refused to tell him her name, before killing him. In the demonic world, Dante and Vergil fight for ownership of the Force Edge and the amulet halves. After Vergil's defeat, he remains as the portal closes, vanishing with his half of the amulet.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Dante meets Lady outside the tower. They become friends and begin a partnership as demon-slayers; Dante ends up naming his shop "Devil May Cry". A scene after the credits shows Vergil in the demonic world, weak but determined, as he charges into battle against his father's old foe Mundus.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: After the mixed reception of "Devil May Cry 2", Capcom developed "Devil May Cry 3" in a similar manner to the series' more critically acclaimed first game "Devil May Cry"; its gameplay elements, such as environment size and battle engine, were reexamined. Other aspects of "Devil May Cry 2", such as the toning-down of Dante's cockiness and the game's lack of difficulty, were brought back in line with "Devil May Cry". According to a pre-release interview with the game's producer, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, the focus of the game's design was a battle system which allowed a player to control weapons in new, "stylish" ways. This coincided with the design of a new type of in-game camera which kept the character in focus, avoiding disorientation in crowded battle scenes. "Devil May Cry 2"s difficulty was reduced for greater acceptance in the Japanese market, but this move cost the game support elsewhere. To remedy this, the Japanese release of "Devil May Cry 3" had a lower degree of difficulty than the North American and European releases and Dante was a younger, more arrogant character than he was in the previous games.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Capcom promoted "Devil May Cry 3"s release with a multi-million dollar television campaign and extensive advertising in video game magazines; both emphasized the game's plot and number of fighting styles. The company produced a second, "special" edition, released in North America on January 24, 2006. A Microsoft Windows version, with minor graphics changes, was developed by SourceNext; it was released by Ubisoft on June 28, 2006 in Europe and October 16, 2006 in North America. The Devil Trigger versions of Dante and Vergil were designed by Atlus' Kazuma Kaneko, who previously collaborated on "", "" and "". The Capcom staff was impressed with Kaneko's work, and Ikeno felt that it was not difficult to model.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: In the original "Devil May Cry" Vergil was said to have been killed by demons early and had his soul under the control of Mundus, thus Bingo Morihashi wanted to create an alternate universe in which Vergil was alive. However, Hideki Kamiya gave Morihashi the freedom to retcon Vergil's backstory and make him a living teenager for the events of "Devil May Cry 3". One of the key themes of "Devil May Cry 3" is familial conflict, with Dante being in conflict with his brother Vergil. Itsuno said he did not like the idea of Lady killing Arkham, as he believed a child should never kill their parent. Morihashi wanted this scene in the final product, along with Dante defeating Vergil, as themes of the game. To balance this, Morihashi wrote a scene leading up to Arkham's death, where Lady said that Arkham was her responsibility. While the characters were designed by Daigo Ikeno for "Devil May Cry 3", Dante and Vergil's Devil Triggers form was created by Kazuma Kaneko from Atlus. Because no design for Vergil except that of his alter ego Nelo Angelo existed, Morihashi was put in charge of designing his appearance. Most of Capcom's staff believed Vergil was Morihashi's favorite character because he became appealing. Morihashi stated that the idea of Vergil wielding a Japanese sword, called a Yamato, existed in a previous design. Vergil does not wield guns in contrast to Dante; Morihashi said that making Vergil's characterization was challenging because, being the older twin brother, he was intended to be more likable than Dante. Jester was designed to contrast his human persona, Arkham, with Nara and Ikeno believing the clown's form worked well thanks due to how the twist that they are same person surprised gamers. His final form provided by Sparda's powers was designed to resemble previous villain Arius due to how inhuman he became after becoming a demon to the point of lacking a face.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Dante appears bare-chested underneath his coat, something that surprised the audience. This design was meant to fit his young personality as well as contrast Vergil's fully clothed look. Additionally, in contrast to Dante's longsword Rebellion and red clothing, Vergil was made to wield a Japanese katana and wear blue clothing. Ikeno stated that because Vergil and Dante are identical twins, they share a hairstyle in the opening of the game, which was intended to make new players confuse them. Vergil's clothing was meant to contrast with his brother's; similarly, Nelo Angelo's design was prominently blue while Dante's was red. The staff had problems with the creation of Vergil's outfit because of the way it moved in 3D computer graphics; they joked that Vergil should remove his coat whenever he starts fighting.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Reuben Langdon provided the character's voice and motion capture. Although he was directed in Dante's portrayal, Langdon was confused by staff suggestions and played his own version of the character. Langdon auditioned for the character four times before he was chosen. Although he played the first "Devil May Cry" game, he was not aware of the title's popularity. Before the release of "Devil May Cry 3", Langdon said that fans were angry with the new teenage Dante's look. After its release, however, he said that the fans had come to enjoy the character's new incarnation. Langdon enjoyed his work on the game, saying that "it was one of the most difficult, frustrating and yet rewarding character of anyone I've ever played". He felt that he could enjoy the character even more in "Devil May Cry 4". When being cast to voice Vergil, Southworth was aware of the character's history and had a knowledge of samurai culture, which allowed him to give a good performance. According to the game's development staff, Southworth's knowledge about the samurai allowed him to fit well into Vergil's character in terms of voice and motion capture. When describing Vergil, Southworth stated that while he often appears to be calm, the audience would notice he shows signs of rage. Southworth found motion-capturing the action scenes challenging and said these were his favorite parts of his work for the game.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Vergil's character was made playable in "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition" due to extra time the team had after the making of the game. Capcom had to remove some of his moves due to space limitations. They tried keeping the moves he uses when being faced as a boss in Dante's campaign. His move set was made to reflect his calm personality that contrasts with Dante's brash confidence. When creating the characters, Vergil was made stronger than Dante but harder to control because the player has to learn more moves. Vergil became a popular character among the game's development team; Itsuno stated that he was also well-received in the United States because several characters from Hollywood films wield a katana.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: "Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening" was released in Japan on February 17, 2005 for the PlayStation 2. It was followed by releases in North America and elsewhere in the world in 2005. It was a commercial success, and sold 1.3 million copies.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: After "Devil May Cry 3"s release Capcom introduced merchandise based on the game, including a manga (written by Suguro Chayamachi and published by Tokyopop in North America) and a Dante action figure manufactured by Revoltech. A 2006 sourcebook, "Devil May Cry 3 Material Archive - Note of Naught", featured previously unreleased production and CG artwork, storyboards and a UMD video disc for the PSP with trailers and videos (region 2 only). A three-disc "Devil May Cry 3" soundtrack was released on March 31, 2005 (shortly after the game's release), produced by Tetsuya Shibata and Kento Hasegawa with lyrics and vocals by Shawn McPherson.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: At the 2005 Tokyo Game Show, Capcom announced a special edition of "Devil May Cry 3" with gameplay changes and additional content. The special edition was released on January 24, 2006 as part of the PlayStation 2 greatest hits collection, and it was later confirmed that the PlayStation 2 version of the game would be released in Europe. "Devil May Cry 3 Special Edition" went on to sell 1 million units.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: On February 1, 2006, Ubisoft announced that they would be releasing a Microsoft Windows version of the game developed by SourceNext. The European PC version was the first one released on June 28, 2006, before the special edition PlayStation 2 version in that region. The Japanese version was released two days later, and the North American version on October 16.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Together with "Devil May Cry" and "Devil May Cry 2", and "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition" was re-released in the "Devil May Cry HD Collection" for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on April 3, 2012. The HD collection was later released on PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on March 13, 2018, with this iteration of "Devil May Cry 3" sporting extra improvements over the original PC release, including XInput controller support.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: In 2020, Capcom rereleased the game for the Nintendo Switch. This edition is based on the "Devil May Cry 3: Special Edition" in the "Devil May Cry HD Collection", with additional features such as allowing Dante to switch among all weapons and styles, just like in "Devil May Cry 4" and "Devil May Cry 5". It also adds the option to have local co-op in Bloody Palace mode using Dante and Vergil. Matt Walker was in charge of aiding the developers of this port of the game, seeking new ideas that might fit into it.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the original PlayStation 2 release an 84 out of 100, and the "Special Edition" an 87 out of 100. It was included on "Game Informer" list of the top 50 games of 2005, and the special edition received a "Game of the Month" award. In 2010 IGN ranked it 18th on its list of the top 100 PlayStation 2 games, and a "GamePro" retrospective that year rated it the 28th-best game for the PS2.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: Reviews typically praised the game for avoiding its predecessor's mistakes and for customization options, gameplay, combat engine and the musical score despite the contradicting plot lines and character arcs. The style-based combat engine was considered to produce fighting sequences superior to games such as "Ninja Gaiden" and "", and the camera and controls were praised. "Devil May Cry 3" was included in the 2010 book, "1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die".


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The high level of difficulty of the North American version of the initial release was criticized in otherwise-positive reviews. Critics disagreed with Capcom's decision to make the Japanese version's "hard" mode the North American "normal" mode, and the European version of "Devil May Cry 3" had the same normal mode as the Japanese version, but maintained the yellow orb continue system of the North American version.


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The PC version was considered vastly inferior to the PlayStation 2 version due to the poor porting process. Issues included its game engine (thought rough and underpowered), its controls and the inability to save the game and exit, a feature of most PC games. Jeremy Dunham of IGN gave the PC version a score of 5.8 out of 10 (compared to the PS2 version's 9.6), citing its "awful performance" and "craptacular controls".


title: Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening

text: The special edition PlayStation 2 release ranked ninth on GameSpy's 2006 "Game of the Year" list; it was commended for recalibrating its difficulty, a survival mode known as "Bloody Palace" returning from the second game and making Vergil a playable character. Play as Vergil was cited for the character's difference from Dante, although the reuse of Dante's bosses and the lack of cutscenes was criticized.


title: Visa requirements for Mexican citizens

text: Visa requirements for Mexican citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Mexico. As of 11 January 2022, Mexican citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 159 countries and territories ranking the Mexican passport 24th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.


title: Visa requirements for Mexican citizens

text: Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:


title: Capital (economics)

text: In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a given year."


title: Capital (economics)

text: A typical example is the machinery used in factories. Capital can be increased by the use of the factors of production, which however excludes certain durable goods like homes and personal automobiles that are not used in the production of saleable goods and services.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Adam Smith defined capital as "that part of man's stock which he expects to afford him revenue". In economic models, capital is an input in the production function. The total physical capital at any given moment in time is referred to as the capital stock (not to be confused with the capital stock of a business entity). Capital goods, real capital, or capital assets are already-produced, durable goods or any non-financial asset that is used in production of goods or services.


title: Capital (economics)

text: In Marxian critique of political economy, capital is reproduced by social relations, and could not exist without labour. Karl Marx himself stated it: "Capital is dead labour, that, vampire-like, only lives by sucking living labour, and lives the more, the more labour it sucks."


title: Capital (economics)

text: Classical and neoclassical economics describe capital as one of the factors of production (alongside the other factors: land and labour). All other inputs to production are called intangibles in classical economics. This includes organization, entrepreneurship, knowledge, goodwill, or management (which some characterize as talent, social capital or instructional capital).


title: Capital (economics)

text: These distinctions of convenience have carried over to contemporary economic theory. Adam Smith provided the further clarification that capital is a stock. As such, its value can be estimated at a point in time. By contrast, investment, as production to be added to the capital stock, is described as taking place over time ("per year"), thus a flow.


title: Capital (economics)

text: In Marxian critique of political economy, capital is viewed as a social relation, In Marx critical analysis of the economists portrayal of the capitalist mode of production as a transhistorical state of affairs, he distinguishes between different forms of capital.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Earlier illustrations often described capital as physical items, such as tools, buildings, and vehicles that are used in the production process. Since at least the 1960s economists have increasingly focused on broader forms of capital. For example, investment in skills and education can be viewed as building up human capital or knowledge capital, and investments in intellectual property can be viewed as building up intellectual capital. Natural capital is the world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms. These terms lead to certain questions and controversies discussed in those articles.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Detailed classifications of capital that have been used in various theoretical or applied uses generally respect the following division:


title: Capital (economics)

text: Separate literatures have developed to describe both natural capital and social capital. Such terms reflect a wide consensus that nature and society both function in such a similar manner as traditional industrial infrastructural capital, that it is entirely appropriate to refer to them as different types of capital in themselves. In particular, they can be used in the production of other goods, are not used up immediately in the process of production, and can be enhanced (if not created) by human effort.


title: Capital (economics)

text: There is also a literature of intellectual capital and intellectual property law. However, this increasingly distinguishes means of capital investment, and collection of potential rewards for patent, copyright (creative or individual capital), and trademark (social trust or social capital) instruments.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Building on Marx, and on the theories of the sociologist and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu, scholars have recently argued for the significance of "culinary capital" in the arena of food. The idea is that the production, consumption, and distribution of knowledge about food can confer power and status.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Within classical economics, Adam Smith ("Wealth of Nations", Book II, Chapter 1) distinguished fixed capital from circulating capital. The former designated physical assets not consumed in the production of a product (e.g. machines and storage facilities), while the latter referred to physical assets consumed in the process of production (e.g. raw materials and intermediate products). For an enterprise, both were types of capital.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Economist Henry George argued that financial instruments like stocks, bonds, mortgages, promissory notes, or other certificates for transferring wealth is not really capital, because "Their economic value merely represents the power of one class to appropriate the earnings of another" and "their increase or decrease does not affect the sum of wealth in the community".


title: Capital (economics)

text: Some thinkers, such as Werner Sombart and Max Weber, locate the concept of capital as originating in double-entry bookkeeping, which is thus a foundational innovation in capitalism, Sombart writing in "Medieval and Modern Commercial Enterprise" that:


title: Capital (economics)

text: Karl Marx adds a distinction that is often confused with David Ricardo's. In Marxian theory, variable capital refers to a capitalist's investment in labor-power, seen as the only source of surplus-value. It is called "variable" since the amount of value it can produce varies from the amount it consumes, "i.e.", it creates new value. On the other hand, constant capital refers to investment in non-human factors of production, such as plant and machinery, which Marx takes to contribute only its own replacement value to the commodities it is used to produce.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Investment or capital accumulation, in classical economic theory, is the production of increased capital. Investment requires that some goods be produced that are not immediately consumed, but instead used to produce other goods as capital goods. Investment is closely related to saving, though it is not the same. As Keynes pointed out, saving involves not spending all of one's income on current goods or services, while investment refers to spending on a specific type of goods, "i.e.", capital goods.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Austrian School economist Eugen Boehm von Bawerk maintained that capital intensity was measured by the roundaboutness of production processes. Since capital is defined by him as being goods of higher-order, or goods used to produce consumer goods, and derived their value from them, being future goods.


title: Capital (economics)

text: Human development theory describes human capital as being composed of distinct social, imitative and creative elements:


title: Capital (economics)

text: This theory is the basis of triple bottom line accounting and is further developed in ecological economics, welfare economics and the various theories of green economics. All of which use a particularly abstract notion of capital in which the requirement of capital being produced like durable goods is effectively removed.


title: Capital (economics)

text: The Cambridge capital controversy was a dispute between economists at Cambridge, Massachusetts based MIT and University of Cambridge in the UK about the measurement of capital. The Cambridge, UK economists, including Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa claimed that there is no basis for aggregating the heterogeneous objects that constitute 'capital goods.'


title: Capital (economics)

text: Political economists Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler have suggested that capital is not a productive entity, but solely financial and that capital values measure the relative power of owners over the broad social processes that bear on profits.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Riget (English title: The Kingdom) is a Danish absurdist supernatural horror miniseries trilogy created by Lars von Trier, co-written by von Trier with Niels Vørsel and co-directed by von Trier with Morten Arnfred. Set in the neurosurgical ward of Copenhagen's Rigshospitalet (, nicknamed "Riget", ), each episode of the show takes place over a single day, and follows the hospital's eccentric staff and patients as they encounter bizarre and sometimes supernatural phenomena. The series is notable for its wry humor, its muted sepia colour scheme, and the appearance of a chorus of dishwashers with Down syndrome, who discuss in intimate detail the strange occurrences in the hospital. The main theme's song was written by von Trier himself.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The first series of four episodes premiered on DR in November and December 1994, and was followed by a second series, Riget II, which aired in November 1997. A belated third and final series of five episodes directed by von Trier and written by von Trier with Niels Vørsel, titled Riget: Exodus, began filming in 2021, was screened out of competition at the Venice Film Festival and at the Serial Killer festival in September 2022, and premiered in the Nordics on streaming platform Viaplay with the first two episodes on October 9. The series is expected to premiere in other select regions between November 27 and December 25 on streaming platform Mubi.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Von Trier has credited David Lynch's 1990 television series "Twin Peaks" and the 1965 French miniseries "Belphegor" as inspirations for the series. "The Kingdom" itself inspired an American series, "Kingdom Hospital", developed by novelist Stephen King; the American version aired on ABC between March and July 2004, and was cancelled after a single season.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Each episode of "Riget" and "Riget II" begins with the same prologue, detailing how the hospital, Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, was built on the site of the "bleaching ponds", which recur in the name of the street of the hospital's official address, Blegdamsvej, although the exact significance of the reference is never explicitly discussed in the series.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The show begins with the admission of a spiritualist patient, Sigrid Drusse (Kirsten Rolffes), who hears the sound of a girl crying in the elevator shaft. Upon investigation, Drusse discovers that the girl had died decades earlier, having been killed by her father to hide her illegitimacy. In order to put the spirit to rest, Drusse searches for the girl's body and ultimately finds it preserved in a specimen jar in the office of the hospital's professor of pathology, Professor Bondo (Baard Owe).


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Meanwhile, neurosurgeon Stig Helmer (Ernst-Hugo Järegård), a recent appointee from Sweden to the neurosurgery department, tries to cover up his responsibility for a botched operation which left a young girl in a persistent vegetative state.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Pathologist Dr. Palle Bondo (Baard Owe) attempts to convince the family of a man dying from liver cancer to donate his liver to the hospital for Bondo's research. (In fact, Bondo wants it as a trophy, as it is the second largest hepatosarcoma ever recorded.) When his request is denied, Bondo has the cancerous liver transplanted into his own body (as the patient signed an organ donor form), so that the cancer will become his personal property and can be kept within the hospital.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Amongst other plotlines, a young medical student becomes attracted to the nurse in charge of the sleep research laboratory, a ghostly ambulance appears and disappears every night, a junior doctor runs a black market in medical supplies, and a neurosurgeon discovers that she was impregnated by a ghost and that the baby in her womb is developing abnormally rapidly. In every episode, two dishwashers (each with Down syndrome) in the cellar discuss the strange happenings at Riget, and Helmer screams his famous catchphrase: ""Danskjävlar!"" (subtitled as "Danish scum", but literally "Danish devils").


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The third series, "Riget: Exodus", introduces Dr. Helmer, Jr. (Mikael Persbrandt), the neurotic son of the late Stig Helmer, and a new addition to the staff of Riget. Helmer Jr. is threatened with a lawsuit after making unwanted sexual advances to a female colleague in the hospital, has to consult an expensive Swedish lawyer (Alexander Skarsgard) and faces professional disgrace unless he pays compensation to the woman whose false nipples he had so admired.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: In December 2020, DR announced that a third and final season of "Riget", consisting of five episodes directed by Lars von Trier and co-written by von Trier with original series co-writer Niels Vørsel, would begin filming in 2021 under the title "Riget: Exodus". At the same year, von Trier started his symptoms of Parkinson's disease while he was interviewed with Christian Lund of Louisiana Channel, where von Trier's body was shakened, before he continued working while taking his medications. Von Trier did not watch "all the old ones" before beginning work on "Riget: Exodus", and had tried "to get rid of the ties from the old stuff", with the focus being on the characters.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Returning cast members Ghita Nørby, Søren Pilmark, Peter Mygind, Birgitte Raaberg, Laura Christensen and Udo Kier are joined by newcomers Bodil Jørgensen, Nicolas Bro, Lars Mikkelsen, Nikolaj Lie Kaas, Mikael Persbrandt, Tuva Novotny, Ida Engvoll, Asta August, David Dencik and Alexander Skarsgard. Von Trier had a "rotten time" filming the series, as he suffered from the effects of Parkinson's disease during the shoot, but hoped the actors "didn't notice".


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: A newly remastered HD edition of the first two series was released in August 2022, prior to the premiere of the third series on Mubi on November 27, 2022. In September, "Riget: Exodus" (presented as a "five hour feature-length film") screened out of competition at the Venice Film Festival, alongside Nicolas Winding Refn's miniseries "Copenhagen Cowboy".


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The four episode first series of "Riget" was aired by Danish broadcaster Danmarks Radio (DR) from November 24 to December 15, 1994.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The third series, "Riget: Exodus", received its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival in September 2022, where it screened out of competition as a "five hour film". The series is expected to premiere on streaming platform Mubi on November 27, 2022, with its fifth and final episode premiering on Christmas Day.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The series was edited into a five hour, two-part film which received some theatrical screenings, and which was released on home video in America and the United Kingdom.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: The film is available on DVD in Australia and New Zealand on Madman Entertainment's Directors Suite label, in the UK from Second Sight, and in the United States from Koch-Lorber Films.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: A newly restored HD edition of "Riget" and "Riget II" will premiere on Mubi on November 13 and November 20, 2022, respectively; the debut of the restored series is a precursor to the premiere of "Riget: Exodus" on the platform on November 27.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: On Metacritic, all of the three seasons has a weighted average score of 77 out of 100 from 9 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Film critic Leonard Maltin, who reviewed the two-part theatrical version, awarded it three and a half out of a possible four stars, calling it "a must-see for those who think they've seen everything".


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Despite being a miniseries, "The Kingdom" appears in the best-selling book "1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die", where it is called "a medical horror epic", with its supernatural elements described as being both eerie and magical.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the third season has an approval rating of 84% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 6.60/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An acquired taste for newcomers and comfort weirdness for Lars von Trier's devotees, "The Kingdom: Exodus" is a cheeky delicacy infused with cosmic horror that reaches biblically insane proportions."


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: "Riget: Exodus" was warmly received by critics following its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival in September 2022, with "Variety" calling it "over-the-top" and "fun", and the Italian Post praised the series, saying it "amuses and disturbs", and comparing it positively to "Twin Peaks". "The Upcoming" gave the series 3/5, praising its "dark humour" and noting that it feels like a "tribute to Lars von Trier's career, a revisiting of his early work... filled with the wobbly handheld shots that distinguished the Dogme 95 movement". Giving it 3/5 stars, "The Guardian" called the series "a nightmarish revue, peppered with familiar faces in brief walk-on roles", and said that it is "fun to a point and richly textured to a fault, with a plot that’s entirely driven by what has gone before".


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Horror novelist Stephen King discovered the five-hour theatrical edit of "Riget" in a video store during production of the 1997 TV miniseries adaptation of "The Shining", and, finding it "both funny and scary", promptly set out to obtain the rights to the series for an American adaptation. At that time, the rights were owned by Columbia Pictures, who had intended to adapt the series as a two hour theatrical film. King negotiated with Columbia for the rights, ultimately exchanging them for the option to his novella "Secret Window, Secret Garden" (which Columbia adapted in 2004 as the feature film "Secret Window").


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: King's thirteen episode television adaptation of "Riget", titled "Kingdom Hospital", was broadcast between March and July 2004 on ABC. Often directly adapting storylines from the original series, "Kingdom Hospital" was set in a hospital in Lewiston, Maine, which was on the site of a mill built before the Civil War. Many character names were derived from their Danish equivalents, e.g., Sigrid Drusse became Sally Druse and Stig Helmer became Dr. Stegman. In a departure from the plot of "Riget", the American series introduces a new main character, a comatose patient, Peter Rickman, inspired by King's own experience of being hit by a minivan, and a talking giant anteater, the spirit guide Anubis/Antubis.


title: The Kingdom (miniseries)

text: Although King and co-writer Richard Dooling developed an outline for a second series, ratings dropped throughout the season. "Kingdom Hospital" was placed on indefinite hiatus following a "major network shake-up", and was never picked up for a second series.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: Mötley Crüe is the sixth studio album by heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. It was released on March 15, 1994. It was the band's only album released with singer John Corabi, and was the first album of new material released by the band since their 1989 album, "Dr. Feelgood".


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: The album, which was recorded under the working title of "Til Death Do Us Part", was the first release by the band after signing a $25 million contract with Elektra Records.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: Following the success of the "Dr. Feelgood" and "Decade of Decadence" albums and tours, the members of Mötley Crüe were tired and needed to take a break from the non-stop pressures of the road. Instead of being given a break, the band, then consisting of bassist Nikki Sixx, drummer Tommy Lee, guitarist Mick Mars and singer Vince Neil, had returned to the studio to begin work on the follow-up album to their 1989 album "Dr. Feelgood" on a two-week-on, two-week-off schedule. While working on new material in the studio in early 1992, Sixx, Lee and Mars had a falling out with Neil that led to the singer quitting or being fired from the band, effectively leaving Mötley Crüe without a frontman.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: Meanwhile, John Corabi was the vocalist of the Los Angeles-based hard rock band the Scream when he read an interview that featured Sixx in an issue of "Spin" magazine. In the interview, Corabi found out that Sixx was a big fan of the Scream's first record, "Let It Scream". Corabi wanted to get in contact with Sixx and thank him for the compliment, as well as possibly opening the door for collaborating with Sixx on material for the next Scream album, so he had his manager get the number to Mötley Crüe's manager, Doug Thaler. After speaking to Thaler's secretary, Corabi was told to leave his phone number so that Sixx could get in contact with him. Not thinking much of it, Corabi left his number and continued with his responsibilities with the Scream.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: After receiving a phone call from Sixx and Lee, where they informed Corabi that Neil was no longer in the band, he was invited to audition. After a couple of sessions, the band told Corabi that he was their choice for Neil's replacement, but told him to keep quiet about it until they were able to work out some pending legal technicalities, as Elektra Records could have possibly reneged on the band's new contract if the label knew Neil was gone.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: For the recording of the album, Mötley Crüe reunited with Bob Rock, who had produced "Dr. Feelgood", their most commercially successful album. With Corabi now fronting the band, the members took advantage of the fact that he brought more to the table than Neil did: Sixx had never worked with another lyricist before, and Mars had never played with another guitarist. Mars noted that working with a second guitarist gave him "a chance to experiment and have some fun instead of having to focus on just keeping the rhythm." Also, the band had never previously written songs through jamming. One of the first songs Corabi worked with the band on was "Hammered", as well as the acoustic portion of the song that would become "Misunderstood."


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: During the recording of the album the band committed itself to sobriety, with a strict regimen of no drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, red meat or caffeine. The band worked with a physical trainer each morning, and took vitamin pills to keep their bodies nourished. Although there were occasional slips off the wagon, the members were determined to repeat the success of "Dr. Feelgood". The recording sessions proved to be fruitful, with a total of 24 songs written and recorded over the 10-month recording span.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: Lyrically, Corabi's influence pushed away from the band's usual themes of sex and rebellion. Sixx enjoyed working with Corabi on the lyrics, feeling Corabi’s "normal" lyrics balanced out his own "demented" lyrics. Songs such as "Power to the Music" and "Droppin' Like Flies" were attempts at introspection and commentary on the state of the world, including then current events such as the 1992 Los Angeles riots, and the battle over music censorship. The song "Uncle Jack" was about Corabi's uncle, a convicted child molester, and "Misunderstood" was a song about people who were trying to deal with the fact that life had passed them by. Some songs still had more familiar themes, including "Smoke the Sky," which was about marijuana use, and "Poison Apples", which was about the decadent Rock 'N Roll lifestyle that the band was famous for living.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: The single "Hooligan's Holiday" drew influence from contemporary grunge bands such as Pearl Jam and Soundgarden, and is considered alternative metal. The album also had a more aggressive and abrasive sound than the band's previous releases.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: There are two different versions of the cover, which features the band's name on a scratched black background. One version features the band name colored red and the other colored yellow (which is shown above). Both versions were released simultaneously. On the inside, the CD tray features a white circle showing a fist with the word "CRUE" on its fingers emerging from a black circle with an open space on the right side. The CD shows the same thing but drawn differently. Some editions have the CD showing the circle and fist drawn the same way as on the inlay. The back of the booklet shows part of the word "Listen" which is either colored red or yellow, depending on the version. The red version of the album is more common, as the yellow version is currently out of print.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: "Mötley Crüe" debuted at No. 7 on the "Billboard" 200 and was certified Gold by the RIAA on May 3, 1994. However, five years had passed since Mötley had released a full studio album, and much had changed in popular music. Grunge and alternative rock had crossed into the mainstream, and many hard rock and glam metal acts from the 1980s struggled to generate sales. After charting in the Top 10, the album slid down quickly and ultimately failed to sell as well as previous Mötley albums.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: "I've never heard that album," Neil claimed in 2000. "I just had no interest. It was a direction that I didn't agree with."


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: While there was an expected backlash from fans toward the album after the popular Neil's departure, other factors contributed to the poor sales. Besides the aforementioned shift in popular music, the band fell out with MTV: Sixx threatened to knock the host's teeth out during an interview, as he felt the line of questioning was "stupid". He and the rest of the band walked out mid-interview. Executives from the Elektra and Warner Bros. labels weren't supporting the band either, as many executives prioritised boardroom wars related to the CEO change of Bob Krasnow to Sylvia Rhone. With no support from their label, and no promotion from MTV following the disastrous interview, the subsequent tour was scaled back from stadiums and arenas to theaters to clubs until it was eventually cancelled.


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: "Mötley Crüe" received mixed reviews. In general, critics remarked how the band had adapted their trademark sound to the new trends of grunge and alternative metal. According to Neil Arnold of "Metal Forces", this change of style misrepresents the band, which maybe "should have gone under a different name" for this album. New vocalist John Corabi's vocal range and soulful performance are generally praised, as they are more suited to the new sound of the band. For Katherine Turman of "The Los Angeles Times" his "voice is meatier and more appealing than predecessor Vince Neil's" and may be responsible for the shift in focus towards a less flashy style. However, Arion Berger of "Rolling Stone" defined the music "samey", while Chuck Eddy in his review for "Entertainment Weekly" appreciated the ballads, but called the album's heavy tracks "an overbearing plod".


title: Mötley Crüe (album)

text: In July 2014, "Guitar World" ranked "Mötley Crüe" at number 25 in their "Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994" list.


title: Mathcore

text: Mathcore is a subgenre of hardcore punk and metalcore influenced by post-hardcore, extreme metal and math rock that developed during the 1990s. Bands in the genre emphasize complex and fluctuant rhythms through the use of irregular time signatures, polymeters, syncopations and tempo changes. Early mathcore lyrics were addressed from a realistic worldview and with a pessimistic, defiant, resentful or sarcastic point of view.


title: Mathcore

text: In the 1990s, the hardcore punk scene started to embrace extreme metal openly. It also started to become highly ideological, with most of the popular bands being part of subcultures. This led to bands such as Converge, Botch, Coalesce and The Dillinger Escape Plan to establish the genre.


title: Mathcore

text: Mathcore emphasizes complex and fluctuant rhythms through the use of irregular time signatures, polymeters, syncopations and tempo changes, while at the same time the drummers play with overall loudness. In the words of The Dillinger Escape Plan bassist Liam Wilson, their "choppy rhythms that people get kind of tongue-twisted on" are "Latin rhythms" mixed with the speed and "stamina" of heavy metal, drawing a parallel between them and John McLaughlin's use of Eastern sounds within a jazz context. Most pioneering mathcore drummers had jazz, orchestral or academic backgrounds, including Dazzling Killmen's Blake Fleming, Craw's Neil Chastain, Coalesce's James Dewees, Botch's Tim Latona, The Dillinger Escape Plan's Chris Pennie, and Converge's Ben Koller. As with the rhythm section, the guitars perform riffs that constantly change and are seldom repeated after one section. Early bands were almost completely atonal with the guitars or all the instruments playing polyphonic dissonance. After the first The Dillinger Escape Plan records, the guitar work of most bands became extremely technical as well and "not only musically challenging, but physically demanding."


title: Mathcore

text: In a 2016 article, Ian Cory of "Invisible Oranges" described mathcore's emphasis on technical complexity as "the means by which" they attain the aggressiveness of punk, "but never the end unto itself", distinguishing it from "the overflowing excess" of progressive metal. Writer Keith Kahn-Harris has described some mathcore bands as a mix between the aggressiveness of grindcore and the idioms of free jazz.


title: Mathcore

text: Early mathcore lyrics were addressed from a realistic worldview and with a pessimistic, defiant, resentful or sarcastic point of view. They have been singled out for their philosophical and poetic elements. Some bands satirized and criticized the militant branches of the hardcore punk ideologies prominent in the 1990s. Others wrote about deeply personal issues, such as Converge's Jacob Bannon and The Dillinger Escape Plan's Dimitri Minakakis.


title: Mathcore

text: Although musically rooted in extreme metal, some mathcore artists have shown contempt for extreme metal fictional and horror lyrics.


title: Mathcore

text: Some early mathcore bands incorporated light shows synchronized with the music, while others were noted for their reckless, chaotic performances that usually ended up with fights and injuries. Guitarists Jes Steineger of Coalesce and Ben Weinman of The Dillinger Escape Plan commonly featured erratic and violent behaviors. In 2001, vocalist Greg Puciato joined The Dillinger Escape Plan and starred in the most controversial live performances of the band until their disbandment in 2017, being described by "Invisible Oranges" as "the perfect physical embodiment of [the band's music]" because of his imposing physique along with destructive behavior.


title: Mathcore

text: Before the term "mathcore", the style had been referred to as "chaotic hardcore" or "noisecore", though the genre's existence before this time is generally recognized. In the 1990s, groups now often described as mathcore were commonly called "noisecore" or "chaotic hardcore". Kevin Stewart-Panko of "Terrorizer" referred to groups such as Neurosis, Deadguy, Cave In, Today Is the Day, The Dillinger Escape Plan, Converge, Coalesce, Candiria, Botch, and Psyopus as falling under this label. Stewart-Panko described the sound of these bands as a "dynamic, violent, discordant, technical, brutal, off-kilter, no rules mixture of hardcore, metal, prog, math rock, grind and jazz."


title: Mathcore

text: The term is generally applied by journalists, rather than by musicians themselves. Jacob Bannon of Converge stated:


title: Mathcore

text: Early antecedents to mathcore were practiced by post-hardcore bands of the 1980s and early 1990s. Post-hardcore is a broad term to define bands that maintain the aggressiveness and intensity of hardcore punk but emphasizes a greater degree of creative expression. Hardcore punk pioneers Black Flag incorporated characteristics reminiscent to mathcore during their mid-1980s experimental period, including heavy metal laden riffs and lengthy songs, as well as fusion-style time signatures, polyrhythms, instrumental songs and improvisational sections. At that time, their biggest influences were the Mahavishnu Orchestra and King Crimson during its . Author Steven Blush said that their new direction "proved too much for many fans", yet numerous mathcore trailblazers would later credit Black Flag as an inspiration. Among others post-hardcore bands usually credited are Minutemen, who were heavily influenced by avant-garde rock and jazz, The Jesus Lizard, inspired by progressive rock, Fugazi, and Drive Like Jehu, who drew from math rock and krautrock.


title: Mathcore

text: In the 1990s, the hardcore punk scene started to embrace extreme metal openly and also was highly ideologized, with most of the popular bands being part of subcultures, religions or political groups. Some mathcore bands started inspired by straight edge and Hare Krishna groups, including Converge, Coalesce and Botch. On the other hand, the more unorthodox bands that substantially influenced mathcore remained in the underground.


title: Mathcore

text: Two bands usually credited as mathcore forerunners are mid-westerners Dazzling Killmen and Craw, who at the time were considered part of the "noisier" branch of math rock. Their debut albums were released in 1992 and 1993 respectively. They were characterized by a "metallic post-hardcore" sound but with constant time signature changes and vocals with an "animalistic sound of a man losing his mind". Three out of four members of Dazzling Killmen knew each other from jazz school, while Craw had a classical percussionist and a jazz bassist. Both were joined by saxophonists on some performances.


title: Mathcore

text: In 1989, New Jersey band Rorschach was formed within the youth crew hardcore scene but soon developed a more complex and dissonant metallic hardcore style. They were influenced by hardcore punk bands such as Die Kreuzen and Black Flag, as well as thrash metal bands Voivod and Slayer. After their disbandment in 1993, their guitarist Keith Huckins joined Deadguy in 1994 and played on their sole studio album, 1995's "Fixation on a Co-Worker". The discordant sound of both bands had a profound impact on the first mathcore bands.


title: Mathcore

text: At this period, several pioneering mathcore bands began to form: Botch from Washington in 1993; Coalesce from Missouri, Cable from Connecticut and Knut from Switzerland in 1994; Cave In from Massachusetts and Drowningman from Vermont in 1995. In 1990, Massachusetts band Converge was formed but they started writing and playing what they consider "relevant" music in 1994. Referring to the burgeoning mathcore scene, The Dillinger Escape Plan's founder and guitarist Ben Weinman said:


title: Mathcore

text: Converge was formed as an amalgamation of extreme metal, crossover thrash and hardcore punk, but in the mid-1990s they were heavily affected by early metalcore and post-hardcore bands, such as Rorschach, Universal Order of Armageddon and Starkweather. Their second and third albums, 1996's "Petitioning the Empty Sky" and 1998's "When Forever Comes Crashing", developed an increasingly technical and bleak style.


title: Mathcore

text: At their first stages, Coalesce and Botch were influenced by Syracuse, New York metalcore and vegan straight edge pioneers Earth Crisis. Vocalist Sean Ingram relocated to Syracuse to be nearer to its scene, but ended up disillusioned with their ostracizing attitude and on his return to Missouri formed Coalesce. They incorporated influences from progressive metal band Tool, with founding drummer Jim Redd stating that they "wanted to be" them "with none of the quiet parts", but only using their "heavy guitars, heavy drums, wacky time signatures, and loud-quiet dynamics". Whereas their debut album "Give Them Rope" (1997) was considered "an underground milestone that helped [further] what was soon [universally] called 'metalcore'", their sophomore studio album, "Functioning on Impatience", became a landmark of mathcore in 1998.


title: Mathcore

text: Botch initially tried to become a political-straight edge band but got discouraged by the "elitist" and aggressive stance of many of their participants. Their second album "We Are the Romans" of November 1999 was influenced by Drive Like Jehu, Sepultura and Meshuggah. This album has influenced numerous bands and met high critical acclaim throughout the years, being lauded by TeamRock in 2015 as "one of the greatest albums in the history of heavy music".


title: Mathcore

text: In 1997, The Dillinger Escape Plan evolved from the political-oriented act Arcane because they did not want to become part of "cliques" again. They turned around their sound significantly in their second EP, "Under the Running Board" of 1998, and their debut album, "Calculating Infinity" of September 1999, drawing from progressive death metal bands Cynic, Meshuggah and Death, as well as King Crimson and several jazz fusion artists. Both records created an extremely technical and fast brand of mathcore, which "launched an arms race in the metallic hardcore scene" and went on to define the subgenre substantially. Relapse Records marketed "Calculating Infinity" as "math metal" because its sound and the album's title "sounded mathematical", yet this was not the band's intent.


title: Mathcore

text: In 1999, Converge released the split album "The Poacher Diaries" expanding drastically their technical elements, but afterwards main songwriter Kurt Ballou called it "a failed experiment". This inspired him to change his focus to song structure and the "memorable" elements that initially attracted him to music, birthing their 2001 album "Jane Doe". This record was the first with drummer Ben Koller and bassist Nate Newton who made significant contributions to the songwriting. "Jane Doe" exerted considerable influence in extreme music circles and attained a cult following.


title: Mathcore

text: Other important albums of this period are 1996's "Variable Speed Drive" by Cable, 1998's "Until Your Heart Stops" by Cave In, 2000's "Rock and Roll Killing Machine" by Drowningman, and 2002's "Challenger" by Knut.


title: Mathcore

text: In the early 2000s several new mathcore bands started to emerge. Norma Jean's earlier records are often compared to Converge and Botch. Other new mathcore bands that cite older mathcore bands as an influence or are compared to them include Car Bomb, The Locust, Daughters, Some Girls, Look What I Did, The Number Twelve Looks Like You. and Ion Dissonance


title: Mathcore

text: Bands such as Rolo Tomassi, Frontierer, The Armed, Black Matter Device, The Callous Daoboys, and SeeYouSpaceCowboy have been described as modern practitioners of the genre by Bandcamp and Alternative Press.


title: Bill of rights

text: A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens.


title: Bill of rights

text: Bills of rights may be "entrenched" or "unentrenched". An entrenched bill of rights cannot be amended or repealed by a country's legislature through regular procedure, instead requiring a supermajority or referendum; often it is part of a country's constitution, and therefore subject to special procedures applicable to constitutional amendments.


title: Bill of rights

text: The history of legal charters asserting certain rights for particular groups goes back to the Middle Ages and earlier. An example is the Magna Carta, an English legal charter agreed between the King and his barons in 1215. In the early modern period, there was renewed interest in the Magna Carta. English common law judge Sir Edward Coke revived the idea of rights based on citizenship by arguing that Englishmen had historically enjoyed such rights. The Petition of Right 1628, the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Bill of Rights 1689 established certain rights in statute.


title: Bill of rights

text: In America, the English Bill of Rights was one of the influences on the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, which in turn influenced the United States Declaration of Independence later that year. After the Constitution of the United States was adopted in 1789, the United States Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791.


title: Bill of rights

text: Inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen asserted the universality of rights. It was adopted in 1789 by France's National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the French Revolution.


title: Bill of rights

text: The 20th century saw different groups draw on these earlier documents for influence when drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.


title: Bill of rights

text: The constitution of the United Kingdom remains uncodified. However, the Bill of Rights of 1689 is part of UK law. The Human Rights Act 1998 also incorporates the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. Recent infringements of liberty, democracy and the rule of law have led to demands for a new comprehensive British Bill of Rights upheld by a new independent Supreme Court with the power to nullify government laws and policies violating its terms.


title: Bill of rights

text: Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. In 1973, Federal Attorney-General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it was never passed. In 1984, Senator Gareth Evans drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives, but failed to pass the Senate. Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians to unelected judges and bureaucrats. Victoria, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only states and territories to have a human rights Act. However, the principle of legality present in the Australian judicial system, seeks to ensure that legislation is interpreted so as not to interfere with basic human rights, unless legislation expressly intends to interfere.


title: CNAME record

text: A Canonical Name record (abbreviated as CNAME record) is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS) that maps one domain name (an alias) to another (the canonical name).


title: CNAME record

text: This can prove convenient when running multiple services (like an FTP server "and" a web server, each running on different ports) from a single IP address. One can, for example, use CNAME records to point "ftp.example.com" and "www.example.com" to the DNS entry for "example.com", which in turn has an A record which points to the IP address. Then, if the IP address ever changes, one only has to record the change in one place within the network: in the DNS A record for "example.com".


title: CNAME record

text: CNAME records are handled specially in the domain name system, and have several restrictions on their use. When a DNS resolver encounters a CNAME record while looking for a regular resource record, it will restart the query using the canonical name instead of the original name. (If the resolver is specifically told to look for CNAME records, the canonical name (right-hand side) is returned, rather than restarting the query.) The canonical name that a CNAME record points to can be anywhere in the DNS, whether local or on a remote server in a different DNS zone.


title: CNAME record

text: when an A record lookup for "bar.example.com" is carried out, the resolver will see a CNAME record and restart the checking at "foo.example.com" and will then return 192.0.2.23.


title: CNAME record

text: With a CNAME record, one can point a name such as ""bar.example.com"" to ""foo.example.com"." Because of this, during casual discussion the "bar.example.com." (left-hand) side of a DNS entry can be incorrectly identified as "the CNAME" or "a CNAME." However, this is inaccurate. The canonical (true) name of ""bar.example.com."" is ""foo.example.com"." Because CNAME stands for Canonical Name, the right-hand side is the "actual" "CNAME"; on the same side as the address "A".


title: CNAME record

text: This confusion is specifically mentioned in RFC 2181, "Clarifications to the DNS Specification." The left-hand label is an alias for the right-hand side (the RDATA portion), which "is" (or should be) a canonical name. In other words, a CNAME record like this:


title: CNAME record

text: "bar.example.com" is an alias for the canonical name (CNAME) "foo.example.com". A client will request "bar.example.com" and the answer will be "foo.example.com".


title: CNAME record

text: A DNAME record or Delegation Name record is defined by RFC 6672 (original RFC 2672 is now obsolete). A DNAME record creates an alias for an entire subtree of the domain name tree. In contrast, the CNAME record creates an alias for a single name and not its subdomains. Like the CNAME record, the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name. The name server synthesizes a CNAME record to actually apply the DNAME record to the requested name—CNAMEs for every node on a subtree have the same effect as a DNAME for the entire subtree.


title: CNAME record

text: An A record lookup for "foo.example.com" will return no data because a DNAME is not a CNAME and there is no A record directly at "foo".


title: CNAME record

text: However, a lookup for "xyzzy.foo.example.com" will be DNAME mapped and return the A record for "xyzzy.bar.example.com", which is 192.0.2.24; if the DNAME record had been a CNAME record, this request would have returned name not found.


title: CNAME record

text: Several managed DNS platforms implement a non-standard ALIAS or ANAME record type. These pseudo records are managed by DNS administrators like CNAME records, but are published and resolved by (some) DNS clients like A records. ANAME records are typically configured to point to another domain, but when queried by a client, answer with an IP address. ANAME record types was going through standardization, but there probably exist many non-conforming implementations, so they can do whatever the owner of the DNS platform chooses, including existing at the apex of a zone and existing for domains that receive mail. One possible advantage of ANAME records over CNAME records is speed; a DNS client requires at least two queries to resolve a CNAME to an A record to an IP address, while only one query is necessary to resolve an ANAME to an IP address. The assumption is that the DNS server can resolve the A record and cache the requested IP address more efficiently and with less latency than its DNS clients can. The ANAME record type was a draft standard being considered by the IETF, but the latest draft document expired in January 2020.


The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (, FMLN) is a left-wing political party in El Salvador.


title: Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front

text: The FMLN was formed as an umbrella group on 10 October 1980, from five leftist guerrilla organizations; the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL), the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), the Resistencia Nacional (RN), the Partido Comunista Salvadoreño (PCS) and the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos (PRTC). The FMLN was one of the main participants in the Salvadoran Civil War. After the Chapultepec Peace Accords were signed in 1992, all armed FMLN units were demobilized and their organization became a legal left-wing political party in El Salvador.


text: On 15 March 2009, the FMLN won the presidential elections with former journalist Mauricio Funes as its candidate. Two months earlier in municipal and legislative elections, the FMLN won the majority of the mayoralties in the country and a plurality of the National Assembly seats. Funes is now wanted by the Salvadoran authority for corrupt actions, such as illegally money laundering more than $700,000 in his personal bank account and was found guilty of illegal enrichment by the Supreme court. Funes and his son fled to Nicaragua, where they were granted political asylum by Daniel Ortega and became citizens.


text: Tensions began to build between the farmers and the elite class in the time leading up to the Salvadoran Civil War including political assassinations by the Salvadoran government on outspoken critics starting in the early 1970s. In 1979, farmers went on strike for higher wages and better working conditions on Hacienda California, a large farm in Tierra Blanca. Due to this strike, National Guard troops responded to the growing violence in Tierra Blanca using military force. As the violence spread into the residential areas of El Salvador, animosity heightened between the campesinos and the elite class. The previously politically withdrawn campesinos began to join the FMLN and other left-wing guerrilla groups.


text: On 17 December 1979, in period of national crisis, the three dominant organizations (FPL, RN and PCS) of the Salvadoran left formed the Coordinadora Político-Militar. The CPM's first manifesto was released on 10 January 1980, and the day after, the Coordinadora Revolucionaria de Masas was formed as a union of revolutionary mass organizations. CRM later merged with the Frente Democrático Salvadoreño to form the Frente Democrático Revolucionario.


text: It is alleged by the United States that some credit for the unity of the five organizations that formed the FMLN may belong to Cuba's Fidel Castro, who facilitated negotiation between the groups in Havana in December 1979. However, neither the Cuban nor Soviet government were significantly responsible for forming FMLN, although it received some of its arms and supplies from the Soviet Union and Cuba. While all five groups called themselves revolutionaries and socialists, they had serious ideological and practical differences, and there had been serious conflicts, even including in some cases bloodshed, between some of the groups during the 1970s.


text: On 22 May 1980, the success of negotiations led to the union of the major guerrilla forces under one flag. The Unified Revolutionary Directorate () was created by the FPL, RN, ERP and PCS. DRU consisted of three Political Commission members from each of these four organizations. The DRU manifesto declared, "There will be only one leadership, only one military plan and only one command, only one political line." Despite continued infighting DRU succeeded in coordinating the group's efforts and equipped forces.


text: On 10 October 1980, the four organizations formed the Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional (FMLN), taking the name of Farabundo Martí, the peasant leader during the 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre. In December 1980, the Salvadoran branch of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos broke away from its central organization and affiliated itself to FMLN. Thus the FMLN was composed of the following organizations at the time of the peace accords in 1992 (listed in the order of size):


text: After the formation of the FMLN, the group organized its first major military offensive on 10 January 1981. During this offensive, the FMLN established operational control over large sections of Morazán and Chalatenango departments, which remained largely under guerrilla control throughout the rest of the civil war. Insurgents ranged from children to the elderly, both male and female, and most were trained in FMLN camps in the mountains and forests of El Salvador to learn military techniques.


text: Another large FMLN offensive was in November 1989. In that offensive, the FMLN caught Salvadoran government and military off guard by taking control of large sections of the country and entering the capital, San Salvador. In San Salvador, the FMLN quickly took control of many of the poor neighborhoods until denied support of violence and tried to avoid being at risk and involved in the conflict as the military bombed their positions—including residential neighborhoods to drive the FMLN out. One of the most famous battles in San Salvador took place in the Sheraton Hotel (), where guerrillas and army soldiers battled floor by floor. The FMLN's November 1989 offensive did not succeed in overthrowing the government. Many analysts pointed to the FMLN's show of strength in the 1989 offensive as the turning point in the war, where it became clear that the government would not be able to defeat the FMLN militarily. Soon after the November 1989 offensive, the U.S. government started to support negotiations to end the civil war, whereas up to that point they had pursued a policy of military defeat of the FMLN. Since the U.S. government was the major funder of the Salvadoran government and military, it exercised considerable influence over the course of events. When the U.S. began to advocate negotiations instead of a military solution, a negotiated peace accord between the FMLN and the Salvadoran government was reached in fairly short order in 1992, despite a few incidents that could have marred the accord, such as the high-profile murder of the peace-seeking FPL commandante Antonio Cardenal, aka Jesus Rojas.


text: The United Nations has estimated that the FMLN guerrillas were responsible for 5% of the murders of civilians during the civil war, while approximately 85% of all killings of civilians were committed by the Salvadoran armed forces and death squads.


text: After the ceasefire established by the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords, the FMLN became a legal political party. The FMLN has now participated in elections since 1994.