title: Morana (goddess)

text: The tradition of burning or drowning an effigy of Marzanna to celebrate the end of winter is a folk custom that survives in the Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania, and Slovakia. In the past, the festival was held on the fourth Sunday of Lent. In the 20th century the date March 21 was fixed (March 20–21). The rite involves preparing an effigy in female clothing, and either setting it on fire or drowning in a river (or both). This is often performed during a field trip by children in kindergarten and primary schools. The effigy, often made by the children themselves, can range in size from a puppet to a life-size dummy. This ritual represents the end of the dark days of winter, the victory over death, and the welcoming of the spring rebirth.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Marzanna is also the name used to describe the effigy of the goddess, which was ritually burned and/or drowned during an early spring rite called Jare Święto to hasten the approach of spring. The custom of drowning the effigy of Marzanna derives from sacrificial rites; its function was to ensure a good harvest in the upcoming year. Following the principles of sympathetic magic – as described by James Frazer – it was believed that burning an effigy representing the goddess of death would remove any results of her presence (i.e., the winter) and thus bring about the coming of spring.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: The effigy has usually been made of straw, wrapped in white cloth and adorned with ribbons and necklaces. Traditionally the effigy has initially been carried past every house in the village by a group of children holding green juniper twigs. During this procession Marzanna was repeatedly dipped in every encountered puddle or stream. In the evening the effigy passed to the young adults; the juniper twigs were lit, and thus illuminated Marzanna was carried out of the village, burned, and thrown into water. There is a number of superstitions related to the custom of drowning Marzanna: one cannot touch the effigy once it's in the water or one's hand will wither; looking back while returning home may cause an illness, while stumbling and falling may lead to a relative's death within the coming year.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: The Catholic Church attempted to forbid this old pagan custom. In 1420, the Synod of Poznań instructed the Polish clergy: "Do not allow the superstitious Sunday custom, do not permit them to carry around the effigy they call Death and drown in puddles". However, both the custom and tradition prevailed. At the turn of the 18th century there has been an attempt to replace it (on the Wednesday preceding Easter) with a newly introduced custom of throwing an effigy symbolizing Judas down from a church tower. This attempt also failed. Today, the custom is celebrated at spring equinox on March 21, which coincides with the traditional date of Jare Święto.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: The rite of drowning Marzanna, often conducted together with carrying bouquets of green twigs and branches (dubbed "gaik" in Polish, literally "copse") was originally performed on the fourth Sunday of Lent, called the White Sunday. The tradition of celebrating it on March 21 only began in the 20th century. Most researchers agree that the custom of carrying the copse (also known as "grove, new summer", or "walking with the Queen") from house to house was earlier performed much later in the year, probably shortly after Easter.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Details of the ritual vary from region to region. Typically the effigy or doll representing Marzanna is made of straw and dressed in traditional local costume, rags, or even bridesmaid's clothes. Marzanna may resemble a young woman wearing a garland as well as an old crone. Village dwellers carry the effigy away from the village, often singing event-related songs. Jerzy Pośpiech points out that at first only adults participated in the ritual; only when the custom became a fun game did the young join in.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Depending on local tradition, the ritual that takes place after the procession reaches its chosen destination can be performed in various ways: sometimes the effigy is first torn into pieces, its clothes ripped off, and then drowned in a lake, river or even a puddle. In some variants of the ritual, the effigy is burned; in others, it is first set on fire and then thrown into water. A number of superstitions (also locally varied) are connected to the ritual, e.g.: the person who last returns to the village after the ritual is sure to die in the coming year. In some locations, a tradition functions in which Marzanna is given a male counterpart – Marzaniok.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Walking with the Copse is a ritual in which pine branches, twigs or even entire small trees (pine or spruce) – adorned with ribbons, handmade ornaments, egg shells or flowers – are carried from house to house. In some variations of the ritual a doll is tied to the top branch; in others, a local girl accompanies the copse (hence "walking with the Queen"). The copse is usually carried by girls, who walk from house to house, dance, sing and extend best wishes to the hosts. Some sources relate that the group also collected donations. Today the ritual often takes the form of bringing a decorated copse to the village after the ritual of drowning Marzanna is completed. This type of a two-part ritual (destroying the effigy and then returning with the copse) had been observed in the Opole region, the western parts of Kraków Voivodeship, Podhale, Slovakia, Moravia, Bohemia, Lusatia and Southern Germany (Thuringia, Franconia). In the 19th century Oskar Kolberg noted that the copse had been carried around as a standalone custom (without the prior destruction of Marzanna) around Kraków and Sandomierz, as well as in the regions of Mazovia (on Easter Tuesday) and Lesser Poland (beginning of May or the Green week).


title: Morana (goddess)

text: The date when the customs of drowning Marzanna and carrying the copse originated in Silesia is unknown. Although the Catholic Church considered these to be pagan traditions, and persecuted them accordingly, the custom nevertheless survived in Silesia even at times when it had been almost extinct in other regions of Poland. Researchers point out that traditionally only women and girls would walk with a hand-made Marzanna; only later was the custom taken over by young adults and children. In some regions – such as around Gliwice and Racibórz – local girls were followed by boys carrying Marzanna's male equivalent – Marzaniok. The effigies were carried around the village. Songs, often improvised, were sung in front of each house, especially if a girl lived in it. Hosts would reward the singers with money or eggs. Afterwards, the singing procession left the village and went to a nearby body of water – a stream, pond, lake or even a puddle. If there was no lake or pond nearby, the effigy was burned; its clothes had been ripped off or it had been pelted with snow or mud.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: The procession would usually return carrying a copse – a small spruce or pine tree adorned with eggs and ribbons. Nicknamed "latko" (summer), the copse symbolised the spring and blooming nature. The procession carried it into the village, accompanied by songs and best wishes.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Today Marzanna is often perceived as a personification of winter and the symbolic drowning ends this season and returns life. In this interpretation, the corpse is used to welcome spring and to affirm the re-awakening of nature. However, modern interpretations simplify the ritual: one example is merging two originally separate rituals and changing the time of the year at which they were celebrated. Moreover, even medieval chroniclers suggested that the custom had already evolved into a light-hearted, fun event and its original meaning had been almost forgotten.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Researchers emphasise that Marzanna functioned not merely as a symbol of winter, but also as a Slavic goddess. Marzanna's later association with death (in some regions Marzanna is called Death Crone) trivialized the importance of the goddess, who was the lady of not only death, but also life, and commanded the natural world.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Drowning Marzanna in water (an element of high importance in season-related folk celebrations) is understood as the goddess' symbolic descent into the underworld, to be reborn with next winter. Some researchers underline the sacrificial character of this ritual and suggest that Marzanna is sacrificed to appease Winter. The authors of "Wyrzeczysko" propose that Marzanna is sacrificed to the demons of water, whose favour was necessary to ensure a plentiful harvest in the coming year.


title: Morana (goddess)

text: Celebrating the Copse after Easter – in full spring – performs an individual function in the cycle of rebirth: it announces the coming of spring, a time of joy and song, a time when the Earth bears new fruit.


title: Time and fate deities

text: Time and fate deities are personifications of time, often in the sense of human lifetime and human fate, in polytheistic religions.


title: Leon Lai

text: Leon Lai Ming (born 11 December 1966), is a Hong Kong actor, film director, businessman and Cantopop singer. He is one of the "" of Hong Kong pop music. He uses his Chinese name "Li Ming" or "Lai Ming", which literally means "dawn".


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai was born in Beijing, China. His parents initially considered Lai Chit () as his name, but eventually opted for Lai Ming instead. He is of Hakka ancestry. His family was originally from Meixian. His parents divorced when he was four. He migrated with his Indonesian Chinese father, Lai Xinsheng, to Hong Kong . At the age of 15, he attended Lewisham College in the United Kingdom, but returned to Hong Kong at 18 in 1984.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai initially worked as a salesperson for a mobile phone company. After being awarded second-runner-up in the 1986 New Talent Singing Awards, Lai received vocal coaching from Dai Si Zong (). In the same year he signed with Capital Artists. He did not release any albums for four years. As a result, his teacher, Dai, arranged to have him signed a contract with Polygram, later known as Universal Music.


title: Leon Lai

text: In Polygram, he released his first album "Leon" and subsequent album "Meet in the Rain". His debut album went gold.


title: Leon Lai

text: In the early stages of his career, he mainly sang Cantopop and Mandarin, but due to the influence of producer Mark Lui, he expanded his repertoire to include popular electronic songs with compelling music videos. In 1990 he won his first 1990 Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards and 1990 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards. He followed up to win the "Most Popular Male Singer" award in 1993 and 1995 for TVB Jade Solid Gold. In 1996, he collaborated with composer-producer Steve Barakatt on his album "Feel". Two years later in 1998, he became the first Hong Kong singer to reach the Top 10 K-pop chart with the song "After Loving You."


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2002 he was selected to sing "Charged Up", the 2002 FIFA World Cup theme song for the Greater China region. In 2004, he became the first Hong Kong singer to represent the territory at the first Asia Song Festival held in South Korea.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai was selected to be the ambassador of the 6th Winter Asian Games to be held Changchun in 2007. He sang the Games' theme song and took part in the torch relay. He then joined Michael Wong and Janice Vidal and held a three-day "Magic Live" charity concert at Star Hall, Hong Kong from November 9th to 11th, 2008.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai holds his concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum, titled "Leon Lai Talk & Sing 2021 Concert", from Jul 10, 2021, for 9 shows.


title: Leon Lai

text: Apart from being a solo artist, Lai has collaborated with other artists. Some of his better known collaborations are "Love Until the End" and "A Happy Family" with Vivian Chow, "Really Wish to Be Like This Forever" and "It's Still You" with Priscilla Chan, "Song of the Star" with Alan Tam, "Never Give Up" with Jacky Cheung, "Why did I let you go?" with Janice Vidal.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2004, Lai formed a new record production company, "A Music", East Asia Record Production Company Limited, with Peter Lam. The first album produced by the company, "Dawn" was released in September of that year. The album, "Dawn", was released with minimum promotion as Lai went to Mainland China for a movie shoot on the day of the album's release.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2005, Lai invited Taiwanese music producer Jonathan Lee to produce his new Mandarin album "A Story". However, by doing so he had to give up the opportunity for a lead role in a big budget Taiwan movie "Gui Si" due to conflicts in his schedules.


title: Leon Lai

text: He returned to the Hong Kong Coliseum on 13 April 2007 to perform in his one night only "Leon 4 in Love Concert," where he performed not only his own hits but also hits from the other three heavenly kings. He performed a total of 18 songs, all of which are newly arranged by Mark Lui. He subsequently released an album titled "4 in Love" on 3 May 2007, comprising 16 of the 18 songs he had performed at the concert.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2004, Paciwood co-invested with Esun Group to develop a music record company, East Asia Record Production Limited, with the music label Amusic.


title: Leon Lai

text: After the New Talent Singing Awards, he had some opportunities to star in a few TV series. On one occasion, he went for the filming of a romantic serials titled, "Fengyun Era", in Taiwan. There was a stark contrast in height between Lai and the popular lead actress who is only 160 cm tall. The actress then demanded that Lai squat while filming so as to make up for the height differences. Lai had to act through all the scenes with the actress while squatting, but he had to endure it as he was not popular at the time. Not long afterwards his new TVB series, "The Breaking Point", turned out to be a resounding success and propelled him to widespread fame in Hong Kong and Taiwan.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 1996, Lai was nominated for the "Best Actor" award at the 16th Hong Kong Film Awards for the film "". The following year in 1997, he won the award of "Best Original Song" for the film "Eighteen Springs" both at the Golden Horse Film Festival and Hong Kong Film Awards. He was again nominated for the "Best Actor" and "Best Original Film Song" award for the film "City of Glass" (玻璃之城) in 1999, but he only won the award for the latter, which he shared with Albert Leung and Dick Lee.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai was considered by Lee Ang to act as "Li Mu Bai" in the film "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", but he had to turn down the offer as he had an advertising contract and live concert about to start, which would not match his shaven head look as was required for the role.


title: Leon Lai

text: He collaborated with Cecilia Cheung 張柏芝 in 2001 for the first time in the Wong Jing directed romantic comedy film, "Everyday Is Valentine". In the film, Lai played a serial liar.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2002, Lai took the spotlight at the Golden Horse Awards, the Chinese-language version of the Oscars in Taiwan. He won "Best Actor" for "Three: Going Home". Lai played a minor role as "Superintendent Yeung Kam Wing" in "Infernal Affairs III" in 2003. In 2004, he starred with Faye Wong 王菲 in the romantic film "Leaving Me, Loving You", the story of which he co-wrote with Wilson Yip and he was also the creative/production controller of the film. However, the movie was a flop as it raked in HK$ 10,529,501 at the box office. Still in that same year he was ranked 8th on the China Celebrity 100 list released by the Chinese edition of Forbes.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2005 Lai acted as one of the seven warriors in the Tsui Hark directed wuxia film, "Seven Swords". In the same year in the film "Moonlight in Tokyo", he played a developmentally challenged Chinese man who pretends to be a Korean gigolo in Japan.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2006 Lai starred alongside Fan Bingbing and Rene Liu in a love and horror, thriller film titled "The Matrimony" where he played a cinematographer "Shen Junchu", the love interest of "Manli" and "Sansan". "JunChu" was pressurised into marrying "Sansan" after the untimely demise of his true love "Manli" in an accident. The film was released on 8 February 2007.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2007, Lai starred alongside Kelly Chen, Donnie Yen and Guo Xiaodong in the Ching Siu-tung film An Empress and the Warriors. He acted as a woodland medicine man who has a romantic relationship with a princess. Lai and Kelly Chen sang the theme song, ""Fly With Your Dreams"" written by Albert Leung and composed by Mark Lui.


title: Leon Lai

text: He underwent training in Peking Opera for playing the lead role as "Méi Lánfāng" in the biographical film "Forever Enthralled" which was directed by Chen Kaige. He directed the music video for the film where he and Zhang Ziyi sang the theme song, "You Understand My Love". For the first time in his career, Lai played the role of a beggar in the Peter Chan directed film "Bodyguards and Assassins". For his success a wax figure of Lai was revealed at Madame Tussauds Hong Kong.


title: Leon Lai

text: Apart from being an actor and singer, Lai is actively involved in the Community Chest. In the 1990s, he began serious charity work when his father was diagnosed with rectal cancer. The doctors said it was incurable. After the surgical operation, his father survived. When the Cancer Research Foundation and the UN organization approached him for help, he started getting actively involved in charity work.


title: Leon Lai

text: His first work with UNICEF was a China polio eradication project in 1993. He raised substantial funds accruing from his supporters, fans, and concert ticket sales. In July 1994, he was appointed the International UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, thus becoming the first Hong Kong citizen to be given this position. Since 1994, he has been involved in various fundraising activities of The Hong Kong Committee for UNICEF (HKCU). These activities include seven charity concerts, three charity chocolate sales, and charity walkathons. Lai, along with HKCU representatives, visited Rwanda, Gansu of China, and Brazil to study the work of UNICEF and to help promote public awareness to help children. In December 1995, he was appointed as "UNICEF Special Representative to Youth" at the New York headquarters recognizing his contributions for the welfare of the children.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai has also been elected as one of The Ten Outstanding Young Persons (TOYP) in 1997, giving him a formal recognition of his professional endeavors and commitment to the community. He bought the first donation ticket, numbered 000001, at a "Children's Education Fund Raising Campaign" launch event at Tsuen Wan PARKnSHOP's Skyline Superstore in 2001 to encourage people to contribute to a meaningful social cause. The funds raised were donated to the Community Chest.


title: Leon Lai

text: He was awarded the Medal of Honour (M.H.) on 12 October 2003 by Tung Chee-Hwa, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong.


title: Leon Lai

text: Since his decision not to receive any music award in Hong Kong, he has not appeared on the TVB Jade Gold Solid Awards ceremony even as a guest, but to secure more funds for charity, he agreed to perform in the ceremony as a guest performer on 8 January 2005. On 13 May the same year, Lai collaborated with Mark Lui to compose the song "8858". The song was used as the promotional song for the China Children and Teenagers' Fund (CCTF). The title of song means "Help Me (which sounds like 'bang bang wo ba' in Putonghua)" and the number "8858" represents the SMS number people can use to donate the money.


title: Leon Lai

text: In December 2005, Lai appeared in a Hong Kong government television advertisement in support of a gradual political reform package tabled by the ruling government rather than rapid political reform. This was the first time he got himself involved in a politically motivated advertisement.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2008, Lai secretly married model Gaile Lok in Las Vegas at the Wynn Hotel, with his manager and assistant acting as witnesses. On 3rd October 2012, the couple announced the end of their four-year marriage. Their joint statement stated that there were "different philosophies in life" which caused the divorce.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2017, Lai formed a relationship with his label assistant and later sales manager Chan Wing-yee (), who is 19 years his junior and also a divorce. On 22nd April 2018, Chan gave birth to his daughter.


title: Leon Lai

text: In 2000, Lai's song "All Day Love" () got him into trouble with the Chinese authorities for drawing passages from the Chinese National Anthem, March of the Volunteers. The starting tune was accused of plagiarism from the anthem. Lai was warned against using the song for commercial purposes.


title: Leon Lai

text: Lai was rewarded for his loyalty to the Hong Kong Government in July 2019 by the award of its second highest honour, the Silver Bauhinia Star. The award highlighted particular mention of "his participation in the promotional footage for the Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Annuity Plan in 2018".


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The Mamasapano clash was a shootout that took place during a police operation by the Special Action Force (SAF) of the Philippine National Police (PNP) on January 25, 2015, in Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, then-undivided Maguindanao (which is now Maguindanao del Sur). The operation, codenamed Oplan Exodus, was intended to capture or kill wanted Malaysian terrorist and bomb-maker Zulkifli Abdhir and other Malaysian terrorists or high-ranking members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Originally a mission to serve arrest warrants for high-ranking terrorists, it led to the deaths of 44 members of the SAF, 18 from the MILF and the BIFF, five civilians, and the death of Zulkifli Abdhir confirmed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the PNP at 6:30 p.m. on February 4, 2015, through a matching DNA result. He was one of FBI's most wanted terrorists. Getulio Napeñas, the relieved SAF commander, estimates about 250 deaths from his assumption that each SAF sniper may have taken down at least 20 opponents from the combined MILF, BIFF, and private militias during the encounter although this was not confirmed and was met with skepticism since aside from the fact that there was no actual body count, there is no acceptable level of evidence to prove his claim. Napenas' estimate was also debunked by the MILF and by the local government of Mamasapano.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The mission itself was declared successful since the target was neutralized. The severity of the policemen's situation prompted the government peace panel to intervene and requested a ceasefire from the MILF. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) also conducted a rescue operation to save the remaining 29 SAF survivors who were encircled by the enemies.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The operation caught the attention of the public for the relatively high number of police officers killed. The mission was called "Oplan Exodus", initially misattributed as "Oplan Wolverine" by the local media. Oplan Wolverine refers to three of the other nine prior operation attempts targeting Marwan; Oplan Wolverine 1, 2, and 3 launched in December 2012, March and May 2014, respectively, by the PNP-SAF. The incident caused the Congress of the Philippines to halt the passage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law, effectively endangering the peace process between the government and the MILF.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: On Sunday, January 25, 2015, three platoons of the elite SAF police squad entered the guerrilla enclave of Tukanalipao, Mindanao, Philippines, with the goal of detaining two high-ranking Jemaah Islamiyah-affiliated, improvised-explosive-device experts, Zulkifli Abdhir (also known as Marwan) and Abdul Basit Usman. The SAF troops raided the hut where they believed Marwan was located, and the man they believe to be Marwan engaged them in a firefight and was killed. The SAF initially planned to take his body for identification. However, the shooting alerted the BIFF and MILF 118th Command in the area. The SAF had no time to retrieve the body so they just cut off a finger, took a photo, and left his body there. By 6:18 AM UTC+8 (PST), an SMS message was sent by the Commander of SAF 61D Battalion to SAF Director Getulio Napeñas that they were pinned down at coordinates 6.92489°N 124.52047°E. What followed was a bloody encounter that left 44 SAF, 18 MILF, and 5 BIFF dead.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: On Wednesday, February 4, 2015, the FBI confirmed to the PNP that the DNA sample from the finger matched that of Marwan's brother detained in a U.S. facility.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A MILF spokesman accused the SAF squads of initiating the firefight, claiming that the rebels acted in self-defense, and proposed the continuation of the peace process.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Abu Misri Mama, BIFF spokesman, said that his rebel group's relationship with the MILF's 105th Command headed by Ustadz Zacaria Guma is positive. “We're all family,” Mama commenting on BIFF's relationship with Guma's unit. Mama said that there is no distinction between BIFF members and members of Guma's unit and claims that all of them are either relatives or friends of each other. It was reported that Guma's unit would engage other MILF units over disputes such as clan feuds. It was also reported that Guma is not on good terms with other MILF units which Guma views as "Munafiq", or hypocrites.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A ranking military intelligence officer who spoke on condition of anonymity said that BIFF leader Ameril Umbra Kato ordered the killing of the SAF members by his group and members of the MILF involved in the incident. The official also quoted Kato as saying “Leave no one alive and take all their firearms, ammunition, and personal belongings.” A colonel from the Philippine Army, who also spoke on condition of anonymity, confirmed the information and said that SAF personnel who were still alive but wounded were shot dead by some BIFF members.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A private armed group led by Datu Bahnarin Ampatuan was reportedly among those involved in the killings of the SAF members. Bahnarin Ampatuan, who is also implicated in the Maguindanao massacre case, is the brother of Mamasapano mayor Benzar Ampatuan. Bahnarin and Benzar Amputuan were rivals at the 2010 Mayoral elections. Benzar expressed doubt of his brother's participation and believes that Bahnarin would not associate himself with such groups like the BIFF nor to people like Abdul Basit Usman who made an attempt to kill Benzar's grandfather.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The Philippine National Police planned ten operations, including Oplan Exodus which was implemented on January 25, 2015, targeting bomb expert Zulkifli Abdhir also known as Marwan. Oplan Exodus, the last of the ten operations planned by the PNP was the only operation successful in neutralizing Marwan.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A total of 44 SAF personnel were killed during the encounter. #Fallen44 became a worldwide trend on social media site Twitter as an effort to honor the 44 slain SAF members. The SAF casualties were later dubbed as the Fallen 44. The incident saw one of the highest fatalities of government forces in a single peace time operation.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: According to a local farmer, a "blue-eyed" American soldier was among the casualties. However, the U.S. embassy later denied any involvement in the clash. Moros have reported that “4 caucasian-looking (American) soldiers” were killed in the Mamasapano clash along with the 44 Filipinos.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The two agencies that cooperated during the battle, the Philippine National Police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, confirmed on Wednesday February 4, 2015, at 6:30 p.m. that Zulkifli Abdhir, also known as Marwan, was officially killed during the Mamasapano encounter, based on a matching DNA test. The MILF later said that, based on an intelligence report that they had received, Marwan was dead as a result of an encounter. MILF chairman Al-Hajj Murad Ebrahim said that, based on their information, Marwan who was in his nipa hut home was surrounded by SAF troops and was reported to open fire first and that SAF officers were able to shoot Marwan dead. Marwan's body was reportedly left at the hut and was immediately buried. Ebrahim also said that Abdul Basit Usman, who was also pursued by SAF troops, was able to escape.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: On the other hand, according to one MILF official, 17 of their members were killed in the clash. Then PO2 Christopher Lalan, lone survivor of the clash said, “at least 11 members of the combined forces of MILF, BIFF, and private armed groups were taken down by SAF troopers from his Company,”. Former PNP-SAF head Chief Supt Napenas estimates that each of his SAF snipers may have shot down at least 20 attackers in which the total casualties are 250, but this was met with skepticism since there was no bodycount and there was no acceptable level of evidence to prove his claim and that the claim itself is hard to believe. One MILF official even said that "they may have counted stones instead of bodies".


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Moro group, Suara Bangsamoro, claimed in a post-fact-finding mission report that at least 7 civilians were killed and 3 others were injured during the Mamasapano clash. Jerome Succor Aba, national spokesperson of the group, said that residents of Barangay Tukanalipao were preparing for their daily activities when SAF commandos entered the area and opened fire at the residence of the Panangulon family, resulting in the death of five-year-old child Sarah Panangulon and leaving her parents Tots and Samrah wounded. Badrudin Langalan, a farmer, was found dead hogtied at the wooden bridge in the barangay. Aba describes Langalan's body as being riddled with bullets and eyes as gouged out. Aba said that five other people were killed who were heading to the mosque in Sitio Inugog and said that based from stories of residents that the SAF was behind their deaths. “Civilians bore the brunt of the botched operations, they were made to suffer on suspicions that they are harboring terrorists. Suara calls for justice and recognition of the true victims and accountability to the police and Aquino administration,” Aba said.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: It was reported that Badruddin Langalan was killed by stray bullets. Badruddin's wife Sarah Langalan recalled that her husband went to charge his cellphone but never came back. 16-year-old Saat Manadal was also wounded due to stray bullets and is under the intensive care unit of the Cotabato Regional Medical Center.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The incident sparked the internal displacement of several hundred families amidst fears of continued clashes.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The chairman of the Philippine Senate Committee on Local Government, Bongbong Marcos, stated that hearings regarding the involvement of security and armed forces provisions of the Bangsamoro Basic Law were halted. Senator Alan Peter Cayetano also claimed that his coalition will withdraw its support for the Bangsamoro Basic Law, endangering the ongoing peace process. While the Philippine House of Representatives also suspended its hearings on the Bangsamoro Basic Law, Speaker Feliciano Belmonte said that the lower house remained supportive of the measure, although it had been somewhat "eroded" due to the killings. He also took note that unlike in the Senate where Cayetano and JV Ejercito had withdrawn their sponsorship of the bill, no congressman had done the same, and that the measure would be passed on time.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The PNP relieved Special Action Force head Director Getulio Napeñas of his post following the clash in Maguindanao; he was replaced by deputy SAF director Chief Superintendent Noli Taliño. At a press briefing at Camp Crame, PNP Deputy Director General Leonardo Espina and Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Mar Roxas announced the establishment of a board of inquiry tasked with the investigation of the police encounter in Maguindanao. The PNP released the board of inquiry in March 2015.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: President Aquino delivered a televised address on January 28. He said that the MILF should identify those who were involved in the killing of the members of the SAF, return the slain SAF members' guns and personal belongings, and allow the government to continue their operation against the terrorists. In addition, he also declared January 30 as a "National Day of Mourning", and pressed for the immediate Congressional approval of the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law. Aquino admitted that there was a "lack of coordination" among the government forces and the MILF, that he and suspended police chief Alan Purisima personally knew of the operations, and that both Roxas and Espina were not notified of it beforehand. Furthermore, Aquino was not able to explain why these two officials were unaware of the operations. Earlier, a "Manila Standard Today" article claimed that Purisima not only knew of the operation, but even took control of the operations despite being suspended from duty.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A video of the killing of allegedly one of the SAF members was uploaded on YouTube, but has since been taken down from the site; those who manage to download the video are sold in DVD format in the streets of Manila. Also, the video was uploaded in social media site Facebook.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In an effort to mend relations with the villagers in the area where the clash occurred, in 2015 the government began construction of a bridge over the river by the field where the 44 policemen were killed. The bridge was named "The Bridge of Peace".


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Meanwhile, when the remains of the 44 slain SAF men arrived at Villamor Air Base, President Benigno S. Aquino III was nowhere to be found as he chose to attend the inauguration of a Mitsubishi Motors Car Plant instead. His meeting with the relatives of the victims meanwhile was deemed insensitive among the members of the bereaved families.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Eight months later, on September 22, 2015, criminal charges were filed by the NBI against 90 individuals, 25 from the MILF, 12 from the BIFF, and 52 from private armed group or with unknown affiliation who involved in the clash.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A few months after the clash, Abdul Basit Usman, another target of the operation, was killed by MILF after being found hiding on a base command's camp. Initial reports said that he was betrayed by his own guards, or infighting among them.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In January 2016, retired Police Chief Superintendent Diosdado Valeroso claimed that he has a recording of an exchange of words between a government official and a lawmaker as one of the evidences that will be submitted in the Senate investigation on Mamasapano clash.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: On the incident's first anniversary, President Aquino conferred the Medalya ng Kagitingan or the PNP Medal of Valor awards to Sr. Insp. Gednat Tabdi and PO2 Romeo Cempron, while the Medalya ng Kabayanihan or the PNP Distinguished Conduct Medal given to 42 other slain SAF troopers in the PNP's commemoration event on January 25, 2016. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front offers prayers and remembrance for the families of the casualties.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In February 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared January 25 of every year as the National Day of Remembrance for the SAF 44. On January 25, 2019, marking the fourth year since the clash, the families of slain soldiers gathered at the Supreme Court, seeking justice.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Considerable support and calls for justice were high on the agenda of the Filipinos, showing support to the slain cops and has been trending through various social media. Local police forces as well as the military personnel wore black armbands in sympathy with their fallen comrades.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Thousands of policemen marched on the streets over various locations in the Philippines with some starting at dawn. About 5,000 policemen, firemen, and jail guards in their uniforms trooped from the Libingan ng mga Bayani to the National Capital Regional Police Office (NCRPO) headquarters in Taguig, and called for justice for the members of the elite SAF men killed. The walk also included some of the families of the victims and other civilians, even members of a U.S. delegation from the Indiana State Police, who were visiting the country. Almost in complete attendance were the members of the PNPA Kaisang Bisig Class of 2009, who lost three of their batchmates in the massacre: Senior Insp. Gednat Tabdi, Senior Insp. Max Jim Tria, and Senior Insp. John Gary Erana.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Calls for justice was strong from members of the PNP in Bicol Region. Policemen across the regions also offered Mass, flowers, and lighted candles in front of their police stations to honor their slain colleagues. They also covered their badges with black ribbons and wore black armbands. In the Bicol Region as well, 19 senior inspectors leading municipal police offices shaved their heads to show sympathy with the families of their three batch mates belonging to the 2009 class of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA), who died in the clash. Their female batch mate, Senior Insp. Sheena Guzman, chief of police of Canaman town in Camarines Sur, also cut her hair close to the scalp. Senior Insp. Rey Anthony Villanueva of the Regional Intelligence Division in Bicol, said what happened in Mamasapano was a "massacre".


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In Boac, Marinduque, local officials, government employees, policemen, firemen, and barangay officials gathered in front of the "Bantayog sa mga Nagtanggol ng Inang Bayan" to offer their sympathies. A three-minute moment of silence was observed as well.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In Isabela, the Catholic faithful joined police officers in a "walk for peace" in Santiago in which the "running priest", Fr. Robert Reyes, who led the activity, said the walk expressed their grief for the fallen officers, three of whom were from Isabela. “Together we pray and say, ‘Peace walks, peace talks’ for indeed if we walk together for peace, peace will begin to speak and spread through us,” he said.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In Cebu, Parishioners joined the Santiago policemen in a 2-kilometer march to the Saint Francis of Assisi Church. At least 700 policemen from different units in Cebu province braved the early morning drizzle to show their sympathy for the families of the slain SAF policemen. Supt. Rodolfo Albotra, Jr., head of the Philippine National Police Alumni Association Inc. in Cebu organized the walk. “This is just a show of sympathy. We still believe in the government that they will not turn their backs on this one. We expect that justice will be served,” he said.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: In Iloilo, at least 150 policemen paid tribute to the slain SAF members in a simple ceremony in Sta. Barbara town. The policemen who wore black ribbons donated cash totaling about ₱25,000 for the families of the slain commandos.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Lucena Bishop Emilio Marquez told reporters here that “any talk of amnesty for the culprits behind the deaths of 44 elite commandos was "very wrong". Giving a pardon to whoever is behind the bloody killing is reprehensible. All persons responsible must suffer. They should be sent to jail.” “Filipinos are demanding no more than the truth and genuine justice,” he said. He also assailed the brutality inflicted on the 44 commandos. He then offered a Mass specifically for the SAF 44 and their families attended by uniformed personnel led by Senior Supt. Ronaldo Genaro Ylagan, Quezon police chief, occupied several pews. Some of the policemen, several of whom came with their families, were in tears as the bishop delivered his homily.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Former President Joseph Estrada expressed condemnation towards the rebels saying that a peace talk with them would not work and believes a declaration of an all-out war against them is only the solution to the peace process in Mindanao. Former President Fidel V. Ramos remains supportive of the peace process even though he explains that the finalization of the peace process may be after President Benigno Aquino III's term. Despite his expression of support towards the peace process, Ramos still criticized Aquino saying “There should be no hesitation on the part of the commander in chief. Otherwise, it will be part of your legacy to be always hesitant, flip-flopping.” He criticized Aquino, who is also the commander-in-chief of the PNP and the AFP, for his apparent poor strategic direction and asserts that it is the soldier, the policeman, the law enforcer, the guardian of security that suffers because of his decisions. Ramos also insists that Aquino should have made consultation with retired police officers and soldiers before the security operation in Mamasapano.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Reigning Mister International 2014, Police Officer 2 Mariano Perez Flomata, Jr. said his victory is honored for the families and loved ones of the "Fallen 44". Seven of his batchmates who killed in the clash were from the Mabalasik Class of 2008 of the National Police Training Institute (NPTI), Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC).


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Leftist militant group Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan), led by Renato Reyes Jr., questioned President Benigno Aquino III regarding allegations that he knew of the police operation citing a prior report by "Manila Standard". The newspaper report claimed that Aquino was aware of the operation and that Aquino assigned suspended PNP Alan Purisima to lead the operation without the knowledge of DILG secretary Mar Roxas II. It also claimed that the operation was a directive from the United States which "even offered a $5-million bounty for Marwan's capture." Bayan also added that it supports the peace process while calling for an investigation on the incident in Mamasapano and called for those who were behind the operation to be held unaccountable. Leftist group Anakpawis also made a similar statement, blaming Aquino for the aftermath of the Mamasapano clash suspecting that Aquino was mum on the alleged direct role of suspended police chief Purisima and the United States. The group also appealed to the public to be cautious in blaming the MILF for the incident.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The Communist Party of the Philippines expressed sympathies to the victims of the Mamasapano clash. "The CPP sympathizes with the families of the police troops who were sacrificed at the altar of the US Terror War. It calls on all PNP officers and troops to speak up and stand against the Aquino regime and its police officials who ordered the Mamasapano operation and expose continuing US military interventionism in the Philippines," the Communist Party said condemning the Aquino government including the United States which the party claims to be involved in the incident. The Communist Party also reiterated its call to abolish the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, the Visiting Forces Agreement, and the Mutual Defense Treaty.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Some foreign investors withdrew from investing in the country following the incident. A group of Jordanian businessmen willing to invest on a banana plantation left abruptly once they arrived on February 1 after hearing about the incident. Malaysian businessmen looking for sites in Cotabato City cancelled their trip while a group of Malaysians and Singaporeans who are seeking to replicate their mini mall business halted their investment.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: – The United Nations team in the Philippines expressed its condolences to the families of the 44 fallen members of the Special Action Force of the Philippine National Police. The team also welcomed the investigation on the incident initiated both by the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). "We welcome the conduct of investigations by the Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) into the incident, and the commitments expressed by President Benigno S. Aquino III, MILF Chairman Ebrahim Murad and other concerned parties in regard to sustaining focus on the peace process," UN said in a statement. The United Nations expressed its willingness to help in the ongoing peace process by releasing resources to support the process.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: On January 30, 2015, The US Embassy released an official statement expressing its "heartfelt condolences to the families, friends, and colleagues" of the slain SAF policemen. "The SAF units fought with bravery and demonstrated their commitment to ensuring peace and order in their country," it said. Also, the embassy said the US reiterates its support for the Philippine government's efforts to fight international terrorism while promoting a "just and lasting peaceful resolution" to the Mindanao conflict.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: US Embassy Press Attache Kurt Hoyer denied allegations of any US involvement in the clash after US troops in civilian clothes were seen Monday assisting in the airlifting of the wounded. Hoyer told MindaNews in a text message Tuesday morning (January 27, 2015) that "at the request of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, US service members serving in JSOTF-P (Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines) responded to assist in the evacuation of dead and wounded after the firefight in Maguindanao." He also said he will ask the Philippine National Police for the details of the operations.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: A sympathy walk for the 44 fallen PNP-SAF commandos was held in Metro Manila on January 30, 2015. It was attended by alumni of the PNP, local police and various supporters, and four members of the Chicago Police Department.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The International Monitoring Team which oversees the implementation of ceasefire between government and the (MILF), said it will start its own investigation in regards to the incident. Malaysian Gen. Yaakub Samad, IMT head, said the IMT board of inquiry will start its investigation on February 7 “to determine the real circumstances that led to the SAF-MILF encounter".


title: Mamasapano clash

text: There is some debate regarding on what to call the incident in Mamasapano a "misencounter" or a massacre. The Senate labels the conflict as a massacre due to the manner the 44 SAF personnel were killed while the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) insists that the incident was a misencounter and not a massacre.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: "The Mamasapano incident was overkill. Labeling the tragedy as a misencounter would do injustice to the fallen 44 PNP-SAF heroes." the Senate report describes the Mamasapano incident.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: CHR which was led by Loretta Rosales insists that the incident was a "misencounter" and not a massacre since the MILF and SAF forces never intended to fight each other. Rosales says that the SAF troops were armed and not helpless. MILF chief peace negotiator Mohaquer Iqbal has also earlier described the incident as a "misencounter" insisting that the clash was neither intended by MILF and government forces.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Senator Chiz Escudero asserts that while he respects Rosales' opinion regarding the labeling of the incident, he said that the Senate's report describing the incident as a massacre is supported by evidences, testimonies and documents. Senator Grace Poe echoed Escudero's reasonings. Some Senators also criticized the CHR's stand. Escudero questioned the CHR if the human rights body does not cover the human rights of military and police personnel. Senator Joseph Victor Ejercito calls the human rights body to also protect the rights of government security forces and not only those of activists and media people. Senator and Acting Senate Minority leader, Vicente Sotto III criticized the human rights body on what he views as meddling and suggest the CHR to make their own report on the incident.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The story of two of the 44 members of the special forces killed in the massacre of Mamasapano, Maguindanao, was narrated in two special episodes of the anthology series "Maalaala Mo Kaya". The first episode dealt the life of Police Chief Inspector John Garry Erana, starring Coco Martin, while the latter told the story of Police Senior Inspector Rennie Tayrus starring Ejay Falcon.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The story of PO3 John Lloyd Sumbilla was narrated in an episode of "Wish Ko Lang" starring Alden Richards, while the stories of Ephraim Meija and Nicky DC Nacino were narrated in separate episodes of "Magpakailanman" starring Dennis Trillo and Rocco Nacino respectively.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: The opening sequence of "London Has Fallen" briefly mentions ""a national day of mourning in the Philippines, after 44 police commandos were killed in the line of duty when an anti-terror operation went wrong"", making it look like the antagonist of the film had links to the incident.


title: Mamasapano clash

text: Two feature films based on the incident are planned to be released. "", produced by and starring E.R. Ejercito and directed by Enzo Williams, is slated for release in December 2021. "Mamasapano: Now It Can Be Told", directed by Lawrence Fajardo and starring Edu Manzano, Juan Rodrigo, Gerald Santos, Kuya Manzano and Rez Cortez, is currently being produced.


title: Robert Maillet

text: Robert Maillet (born October 26, 1969) is a Canadian actor and retired professional wrestler. He is known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1997 to 1999, where he performed under the ring name Kurrgan and was a member of The Truth Commission and The Oddities. He is also known for his roles in films such as "300" (2007), "Sherlock Holmes" (2009), "Immortals" (2011), "Pacific Rim" (2013), "Brick Mansions" (2014), "Hercules" (2014), and "Deadpool 2" (2018).


title: Robert Maillet

text: Maillet was born in Georgetown, Ontario near Toronto and Mississauga. Less than a year later, his family moved to Ste-Marie-de-Kent, New Brunswick, a French-Acadian village where he grew up.


title: Robert Maillet

text: He began wrestling as the Acadian Giant in the early 90s. Maillet made an initial appearance in the WWF on November 11, 1991 when he wrestled as The Cajun Giant, defeating Bob Bradley in a dark match at a television taping in Utica, NY. He worked for Super World of Sports as Giant Goliath in 1991. He also spent some working for the Japanese W*ING promotion as Goliath El Gigante.


title: Robert Maillet

text: He was signed to the WWF in 1997, alongside The Jackyl, as a member of The Truth Commission. The group was sent to the United States Wrestling Association (USWA) before being called up to the main WWF roster, where Maillet's ring name evolved into The Interrogator and later to Kurrgan (whose name was inspired by The Kurgan, and was occasionally referred to as Kurrgan the Interrogator on television). Under the tutelage of The Jackyl, a charismatic cult leader, Kurrgan was a heel known for applying the Iron Claw to his opponents and not breaking the hold until The Jackyl slapped him across the face.


title: Robert Maillet

text: After The Truth Commission disbanded, Maillet (now billed simply as Kurrgan) continued as a singles wrestler managed by The Jackyl. He later went on to be part of The Oddities, The Jackyl's new stable; however, once The Jackyl was removed as the advisor of The Oddities and replaced by the Insane Clown Posse, The Oddities turned face and became fan favourites. Maillet later worked for Jacques Rougeau's wrestling events as Kurgan. On July 8, 2005, he wrestled Jim Duggan.


title: Robert Maillet

text: Maillet appeared in the 2006 film "300", an adaptation of Frank Miller's graphic novel of the same name. He played the Über-Immortal, a savage berserker who was part of the enemy's imperial guard. In November 2008, during a fight scene for the 2009 film "Sherlock Holmes", he accidentally punched Robert Downey Jr. in the face, bloodying Downey and knocking him down. Downey later stated on an episode of the "Late Show with David Letterman" that Maillet was "10 times more upset about it" than he was.


title: Robert Maillet

text: Maillet played a Russian professional boxer who takes a dive in the 2011 film "The Big Bang". Later that year, he appeared in the film "Monster Brawl" as Frankenstein in a wrestling tournament of eight classic monsters that fight to the death. He played Polyphemus in the 2013 film "", Blackwell in the 2013 film adaptation of "", and the executioner in the 2014 film "Hercules".


title: Robert Maillet

text: He also had a recurring role on the Syfy original series "Haven" billed as a "Heavy", a thug for the series antagonist. In 2018, Maillet had a small part in the superhero film "Deadpool 2" as Sluggo, a mutant mercenary who is in prison alongside the titular character. He also had a part in the 2018 Netflix film "Game Over, Man!". He appeared in the 2020 film "Becky" alongside Kevin James.


title: Robert Maillet

text: Maillet has been married to Laura Eaton since June 13, 1997. He has two stepdaughters, as well as a daughter adopted from Ethiopia. Being an Acadian, his first language is French and he is conversant in English.


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Dennis Michael Locorriere (born June 13, 1949; Union City, New Jersey, United States) is the American lead vocalist and guitarist of the country rock group Dr. Hook (formerly Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show).


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Locorriere, as a founding member of Dr. Hook, was the recipient of more than 60 gold and platinum singles, gaining No. 1 chart status in more than 42 countries. He is also a songwriter, whose songs have been recorded by Bob Dylan, Crystal Gayle, BJ Thomas, Helen Reddy, Willie Nelson, Southside Johnny, Olivia Newton-John, and by Jerry Lee Lewis, on his 2006 release, "Last Man Standing".


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Locorriere, whose company retains ownership of the trademark name Dr. Hook, tours worldwide billed as "Dr. Hook".


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Locorriere has contributed his vocals to the albums of others, such as Randy Travis' "Always and Forever" album (1987). His solo performances include songs from his past, as well as newer material from his solo period.


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Locorriere has released three solo albums, "Out of the Dark" (2000), "One of the Lucky Ones" (2005) and "Post Cool" (2010). A compilation album, "Alone in the Studio/The Lost Tapes", was released in 2008. Locorriere released a live CD, "Dennis Locorriere - Live in Liverpool" (2004), as well as a concert DVD of his solo show, "Alone With Dennis Locorriere" (2002), a top ten concert DVD of the "Dr Hook Hits and History" tour (2007) and a concert DVD of the Post Cool tour (2011).


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: Locorriere performed in "The Devil And Billy Markham" at Lincoln Center, New York in 1989. It was written by Shel Silverstein, and directed by Gregory Mosher.


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: In November 2000, he toured his "Voice of Dr. Hook" concert in Australia; and toured there again in May 2015.


title: Dennis Locorriere

text: In 2007, Locorriere and his band embarked on the Dennis Locorriere Celebrates Dr. Hook Hits and History tour. In early 2008, Locorriere toured the United Kingdom, as a member of Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings.


title: Peleus

text: In Greek mythology, Peleus (; Ancient Greek: Πηλεύς "Pēleus") was a hero, king of Phthia, husband of Thetis and the father of their son Achilles. This myth was already known to the hearers of Homer in the late 8th century BC.


title: Peleus

text: Peleus was the son of Aeacus, king of the island of Aegina, and Endeïs, the oread of Mount Pelion in Thessaly. He married the sea-nymph Thetis with whom he fathered Achilles.


title: Peleus

text: Peleus and his brother Telamon were friends of Heracles, and served in Heracles' expedition against the Amazons, his war against King Laomedon, and his quest for the Golden Fleece alongside Jason and the Argonauts. Though there were no further kings in Aegina, the kings of Epirus claimed descent from Peleus in the historic period.


title: Peleus

text: Peleus and his brother Telamon killed their half-brother Phocus, perhaps in a hunting accident and certainly in an unthinking moment, and fled Aegina to escape punishment. In Phthia, Peleus was purified by the city's ruler, Eurytion, and then married the latter's daughter, Antigone, by whom he had a daughter, Polydora. Eurytion received the barest mention among the Argonauts (both Peleus and Telamon were Argonauts themselves) "yet not together, nor from one place, for they dwelt far apart and distant from Aigina;" but Peleus accidentally killed Eurytion during the hunt for the Calydonian boar and fled from Phthia.


title: Peleus

text: Peleus was purified of the murder of Eurytion in Iolcus by Acastus. Acastus' wife, Astydameia, fell in love with Peleus and after he scorned her, she sent a messenger to Antigone to tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus' daughter. As a result, Antigone hanged herself.


title: Peleus

text: Astydameia then told Acastus that Peleus had tried to rape her. Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip atop Mount Pelion and once Peleus fell asleep, Acastus hid his sword away and abandoned him on the mountainside. Peleus woke up and as a group of centaurs was about to attack him, the wise centaur Chiron, or, according to another source, Hermes, returned his sword to him and Peleus managed to escape. He pillaged Iolcus and dismembered Astydameia, then marched his army between the rended limbs. Acastus and Astydamia were dead and the kingdom fell to Jason's son, Thessalus.


title: Peleus

text: After Antigone's death, Peleus married the sea-nymph Thetis. He was able to win her over with the aid of Proteus, who instructed Peleus to hold onto her tightly through all of her physical transformations she used to try to escape. Their wedding feast was attended by many of the Olympian gods. As wedding presents, Poseidon gave Peleus two immortal horses: Balius and Xanthus, Hephaestus gave him a knife, Aphrodite a bowl with an embossed Eros, Hera a chlamys, Athena a flute, Nereus a basket of the divine salt which has an irresistible virtue for overeating, appetite and digestion and Zeus gave Thetis, as present, the wings of Arke.


title: Peleus

text: During the feast, Eris, in revenge for not being invited, produced the Apple of Discord, which started the quarrel that led to the Judgement of Paris and eventually the Trojan War. The marriage of Peleus and Thetis produced seven sons, six of whom died in infancy. The only surviving son was Achilles.


title: Peleus

text: Thetis attempted to render her son Achilles invulnerable. In the well-known version, she dipped him in the River Styx, holding him by one heel, which remained vulnerable. In an early and less popular version of the story, Thetis anointed the boy in ambrosia and put him on top of a fire to burn away the mortal parts of his body. She was interrupted by Peleus and she abandoned both father and son in a rage, leaving his heel vulnerable. A nearly identical story is told by Plutarch, in his "On Isis and Osiris", of the goddess Isis burning away the mortality of Prince Maneros of Byblos, son of Queen Astarte, and being likewise interrupted before completing the process. Later on in life, Achilles is killed by Paris when he is shot in his vulnerable spot, the heel. This is where the term "Achilles' heel" is derived from.


title: Peleus

text: Though the tomb of Aeacus remained in a shrine enclosure in the most conspicuous part of the port city, a quadrangular enclosure of white marble sculpted with bas-reliefs, in the form in which Pausanias saw it, with the tumulus of Phocus nearby, there was no "temenos" of Peleus at Aegina. Two versions of Peleus' fate account for this; in Euripides' "Troades", Acastus, son of Pelias, has exiled him from Phthia; and subsequently he dies in exile; in another, he is reunited with Thetis and made immortal.


title: Peleus

text: In antiquity, according to a fragment of Callimachus' lost "Aitia", there was a tomb of Peleus in Ikos (modern Alonissos), an island of the northern Sporades; there Peleus was venerated as "king of the Myrmidons" and the "return of the hero" was celebrated annually. And there was his tomb, according to a poem in the Greek Anthology.


title: Peleus

text: The only other reference to veneration of Peleus comes from the Christian Clement of Alexandria, in his polemical "Exhortation to the Greeks". Clement attributes his source to a "collection of marvels" by a certain "Monimos" of whom nothing is known, and claims, in pursuit of his thesis that "daimon"-worshipers become as cruel as their gods, that in "Pella of Thessaly human sacrifice is offered to Peleus and Cheiron, the victim being an Achaean". Of this, the continuing association of Peleus and Chiron is the most dependable detail.


title: Peleus

text: A "Peleus" by Sophocles is lost. He appears as a character in Euripides' tragedy "Andromache" (c. 425 BC).


title: Zain Asher

text: Zain Ejiofor Asher (born 27 August 1983) is a British Nigerian news anchor at CNN International, based in New York City.


title: Zain Asher

text: She currently anchors the network's primetime, global news show "One World with Zain Asher" airing weekdays at 12pm ET. Her memoir "Where The Children Take Us" was published by HarperCollins in April 2022.


title: Zain Asher

text: Asher was born to Nigerian parents in London and grew up in West Norwood, South London. Her mother Obiajulu was a pharmacist working in Brixton and her father Arinze was a doctor. In 1988, her father was killed in a car accident during a road trip in Nigeria when she was five years old. Her older brother, actor Chiwetel Ejiofor, was the only passenger in the car and the accident's sole survivor. She is of Igbo descent; her family are originally from Enugu state, Nigeria.


title: Zain Asher

text: Asher attended Oxford University and graduated in 2005 with a degree in French and Spanish. The following year, she attended the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University, in New York City. In 2021, she was named an honorary fellow of Keble College, Oxford University.


title: Zain Asher

text: After graduation, Asher initially worked as a receptionist at a production company before becoming a freelance reporter at News 12 Brooklyn where she covered local news. She also worked as a reporter for "Money," where she wrote personal finance articles about careers and investing before moving to CNN.


title: Zain Asher

text: In 2012, Asher met a CNN executive who invited her to the company headquarters in New York for a screen test. She was first hired as a business correspondent before becoming an anchor at CNN International based in Atlanta.


title: Zain Asher

text: In 2014, she reported from Abuja, Nigeria on the hundreds of Chibok schoolgirls kidnapped by Boko Haram. She has also anchored breaking news coverage during August 2020 explosion in Beirut, the End SARS protests in Nigeria, and the deaths of Fidel Castro, Muhammad Ali and George Michael.


title: Zain Asher

text: The book was inspired by her 2015 Tedx talk "Trust Your Struggle", which has been viewed 2.2 million times on YouTube as of 2022.


title: Zain Asher

text: She took "Asher" as her surname because it means "happiness" or "blessings". Asher is married to Steve Peoples, with whom she has two sons. They reside in Montclair, New Jersey.


title: Brian Dietzen

text: Brian Dietzen (born November 14, 1977) is an American actor who has played the supporting role of Dr. Jimmy Palmer on "NCIS" since 2004. In 2012, he was promoted to a series regular at the beginning of the show's tenth season.


title: Brian Dietzen

text: Dietzen was born in Barrington, Illinois but moved to Colorado very young. He first started acting in elementary school plays. Later, he studied theatre at the University of Colorado at Boulder's Bachelor of Fine Arts program.


title: Brian Dietzen

text: Dietzen has appeared in productions of "Equus", and "Waiting for Godot" and joined The Colorado Shakespeare Festival for two years. He was cast in The WB series "My Guide to Becoming a Rockstar". The part was a series regular as the drummer of the group. He later teamed up with John Riggi for a two-man show with Steve Rudnick called "The Oldest Man in Show Biz".


title: Brian Dietzen

text: He performed in the film "From Justin to Kelly" and has had a recurring role as Dr. Jimmy Palmer, a medical examiner's assistant, on the CBS series "NCIS", since the first season episode, "Split Decision". Starting in season 10, 2012-2013, he is a featured cast member with Dietzen also appearing in the opening credits.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Hywel Thomas Bennett (8 April 1944 – 24 July 2017) was a Welsh film and television actor. He had a lead role in "The Family Way" (1966) and played the titular "thinking man's layabout" James Shelley in the television sitcom "Shelley" (1979–1992).


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Bennett played opposite Hayley Mills in "The Family Way", "Twisted Nerve" (1968) and "Endless Night" (1972). Other notable film roles include Private Brigg in the comedy "The Virgin Soldiers" (1969), Dennis in "Loot" (1970) and Edwin Antony in "Percy" (1971). Bennett's character, Ricki Tarr, was pivotal in the BBC serial adaptation of John le Carré's "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy" (1979). In later years, he was often cast in villainous roles including Mr Croup in Neil Gaiman's "Neverwhere" (1996), Peter Baxter in ITV police drama "The Bill" (2002) and crime boss Jack Dalton in "EastEnders" (2003).


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Bennett was born on 8 April 1944 in Garnant, Carmarthenshire, Wales, the son of Sarah Gwen (née Lewis) and Gorden Bennett. His first language was Welsh, but he learnt to speak English in an accent he called "London-Welsh" after the family moved to south London when he was four. He was the brother of actor Alun Lewis, who is best known for playing Vic Windsor in "Emmerdale". Bennett attended Sunnyhill School, Streatham, Henry Thornton Grammar School, Clapham (1955–62) and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Bennett debuted on stage in the role of Ophelia in a Queen's Theatre production of "Hamlet" in 1959. He continued with the company for five years, his roles including Richmond in "Richard III" at the Scala Theatre in 1963. After a brief period working as a supply teacher, Bennett won a scholarship to train at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and performed in repertory in Salisbury and Leatherhead. He made his television debut in 1964, making early appearances in episodes of "Doctor Who" and "Theatre 625". In 1966, he appeared as the lead Willy Turner in BBC1 "Wednesday Play" "Where the Buffalo Roam". This role as a mentally disturbed, cowboy-obsessed teenager was the first of many parts in Dennis Potter television plays.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: His first film appearance was as Leonardo in the 1966 Italian "Il marito è mio e l'ammazzo quando mi pare" ("It's my husband and I'll decide when to kill him"), directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile, a comedy in which a young wife carefully plans to murder her husband, who is 40 years her senior, to marry a young beatnik. Bennett then starred as nervously virginal newlywed Arthur Fitton opposite Hayley Mills in the Boulting brothers' adaptation of Bill Naughton's play "The Family Way" (1966). He was cast after John Boulting saw him in the Alan Plater play "A Smashing Day" and felt he had "the appearance of both sensitivity and masculinity." The success of the film gained Bennett a contract with British Lion Films and led the "News of the World" to dub him "the face of '67". He considered his looks "a boon and a curse. It won me quick fame, but I was a serious actor being written up as a pin-up boy and sex symbol... ...I used to wish for a broken nose." He was reunited with Mills and the Boultings in the psychological thriller "Twisted Nerve" (1968), playing Martin Durnley in what the British Film Institute has described as "one of cinema's most striking depictions of evil". In 1969, he starred as Private Brigg in "The Virgin Soldiers", a comedy-drama film set during the Malayan Emergency. Bennett described the film as "the story of a young soldier's love affair with a Chinese prostitute. And his fear in combat. One day he runs the wrong way and accidentally becomes a hero." In 1969, contemporary critic Roger Ebert called him "one of England's best young actors".


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Bennett's film roles continued into the 1970s, notably with the film adaptation of Joe Orton's "Loot" (1970) and "Endless Night" (1972), an Agatha Christie adaptation again pairing him with Hayley Mills. He was the preferred choice for the role of Brian Roberts in Bob Fosse's "Cabaret" (1972), but wrongly assumed it was a singing role and didn't read the script. The part went to Michael York. He starred in the Ralph Thomas-directed sex comedies "Percy" (1971), in which he plays a shy young man who becomes the recipient of the world's first penis transplant, and "The Love Ban" (1973). Of this period in his career, Bennett would later state "I had come in at the tail end of everything, the studio system and so on. I found myself in the early 70s with nowhere to go."


title: Hywel Bennett

text: He maintained a career in the theatre. His Puck in a 1967 Edinburgh Festival production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" was described by "Illustrated London News" as "the best since Leslie French". He returned to the festival in 1990 as Long John Silver in a stage adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Treasure Island". He appeared in several National Theatre productions including playing Mark Antony in "Julius Caesar" (the Young Vic, 1972) and Marlow in the "She Stoops to Conquer" (the Lyttelton Theatre, 1984). Other notable roles include Prince Hal in "Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2" (the Mermaid Theatre, 1970), the lead in Hamlet on a 1974 South African tour and Andrey Prozorov in "Three Sisters" (the Albery Theatre, 1987). He also directed productions in provincial theatres, including a 1975 adaptation of J. B. Priestley's "I Have Been Here Before" at Theatr Gwynedd, Bangor.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: Bennett's television career resumed with appearances in episodes of "Play for Today" (1973) and "The Sweeney" (1976). In 1978, he appeared in Dennis Potter's musical drama "Pennies from Heaven" as Tom, a pimp. In 1979, Bennett appeared as the field agent Ricki Tarr in Arthur Hopcraft's six-part BBC2 adaptation of John le Carré's novel "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy" (1979), playing the character with "an ever-thinning veneer of boyish charm masking years of self-delusion and betrayal" according to the BFI. Bennett then starred in two further BBC miniseries - "Malice Aforethought" (1979) and "The Consultant" (1981). In 1981, he played occult novelist Gideon Harlax in David Rudkin's television play "Artemis 81".


title: Hywel Bennett

text: In 1979 he took the lead role in the Thames Television sitcom "Shelley" (1979–84) as the titular "professional freelance layabout" James Shelley, a philosophical and sardonic geography graduate with no desire to work. The series, created by Peter Tilbury, drew audiences of up to 18 million viewers. According to Bennett, "the writers had done something pretty amazing. They had created what was almost a monologue and turned it into a popular sitcom." The programme resumed, initially under the title "The Return of Shelley", in 1988 and continued until 1992.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: During the 1980s, Bennett was the voice of British Rail in their advertisements featuring the slogan "We're getting there". He provided further voiceovers for Budweiser and Hoffmeister advertisements. In 1986, he played the investigative journalist Allan Blakeston in Paula Milne's single drama "Frankie and Johnnie", a production he described as "one of the best things I've done in quite a long time". He lost weight to give the character a "hungry and haunted look". The following year, he played an architect whose reaction to urban violence is to steadily turn his suburban home into a virtual fortress in Andy Hamilton's black comedy "Checkpoint Chiswick", part of the "Tickets for the Titanic" anthology series.


title: Hywel Bennett

text: By the mid-1990s alcoholism and treatment for an overactive thyroid had altered Bennett's appearance. He was often cast in unsavoury roles including club owner Arthur 'Pig' Mallion in Dennis Potter's final, linked television plays "Karaoke" and "Cold Lazarus" (both 1996) and the villainous Mr Croup in Neil Gaiman's serial "Neverwhere" (1996). On film, he played in Dr. Crippen in "Deadly Advice" (1994) and Jean-Baptiste Colbert in "Vatel" (2000). He appeared in "Lock, Stock..." (2000) as Deep Throat and joined the cast of the long-running soap opera "EastEnders" in 2003, playing Jack Dalton – the ruthless gangland kingpin of Walford. Other late television appearances include ten appearances as sex offender Peter Baxter in "The Bill" (2002–2005) and as Dr. Mike Vine in the first episode of "Jam & Jerusalem" (2006). His final television role was opposite Peter Davison in an episode of "The Last Detective" (2007).


title: Hywel Bennett

text: In 1970 Bennett married Cathy McGowan, who had been the presenter of the music television programme "Ready Steady Go!" (1963–66). They had a daughter, Emma. The marriage was dissolved in 1988. In September 1986, Bennett sought treatment for alcoholism at the Priory Hospital, Roehampton. In 1998, he married Sandra Layne Fulford and they later moved to Deal, Kent. Bennett retired from acting in 2007 after being diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. He died on 24 July 2017 at the age of 73.


title: Nicholas Kazan

text: Kazan was born in New York, the son of Greek-American director Elia Kazan and his first wife, playwright Molly Kazan (née Mary Day Thacher). Through his mother, Kazan is a descendant of classicist and college administrator Thomas Anthony Thacher, Yale president Jeremiah Day, and founding father Roger Sherman.


title: Nicholas Kazan

text: Kazan, a noted playwright, premiered his newest work, "Mlle. God" (2011), in Los Angeles with the Ensemble Studio Theatre-LA. Kazan's dark comedy re-invents Frank Wedekind's seminal "Lulu" character. He noted his inspiration came "most of all by Louise Brooks' luminous cosmic performance" of the character.


title: Nicholas Kazan

text: Kazan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay for his work on "Reversal of Fortune".


title: Nicholas Kazan

text: In 1984, Kazan married screenwriter Robin Swicord. Their daughters are actresses Zoe Kazan and Maya Kazan.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Kelly Severide is a fictional character on the NBC drama "Chicago Fire". As his shift's lieutenant at Firehouse 51, Severide is the leader of Rescue Squad 3. Severide is portrayed by Taylor Kinney.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide graduated at the top of class at the academy and held the record for the youngest firefighter to make squad when he was 23 years old. He and his long-time colleague and close friend Matthew Casey of Truck 81 have known each other since their days at the fire academy but have a falling-out over the death of their friend and colleague Andy Darden, whom Severide has known since childhood, over a botched-up call, which is where the pilot picks up. They work things out by the end of the season.


title: Kelly Severide

text: The son of CFD Captain Benny Severide (Treat Williams), Kelly was raised by his mother, Jennifer Sheridan (Kim Delaney), after Benny left the family when Kelly was in elementary school. Although Kelly has since reconnected with his father, they still share a love-hate relationship. He is often known to the "white shirts" (high-ranking officers) as Benny's son but never used his father's name to advance his career, instead carving out his own reputation as a highly competent firefighter with excellent arson investigative instincts. By Season 8, Kelly is being openly recruited by the CFD's Office of Fire Investigation, though he consistently maintains his desire to remain with Squad.


title: Kelly Severide

text: His charismatic personality makes him a popular figure with both his colleagues and the ladies. He tends to be casual with his men and can be seen at the squad table or in the lounge chatting or playing cards with the rest of the firehouse. Despite this, he tends to keep his private problems to himself and lets it simmer, which often worries his chief. In contrast to Casey, he is highly adept at reading people, especially his own colleagues, and his observation skills have come to the fore in several arson investigations; in season 2, he correctly predicted that Hadley had been targeting the men of 51 and that Candidate Rebecca Jones, who committed suicide just months after graduating from the academy, lacked the discretion and inhibitions to truly excel as a firefighter (although she was later revealed to suffer from clinical depression).


title: Kelly Severide

text: At the beginning of season 1, Severide is at loggerheads with Matthew Casey over the death of a colleague and is plagued with a back injury that puts his career in jeopardy. He hides this from everyone except Shay, from whom he gets painkillers to deal with his injury. When he finally sees a doctor, he is told that his condition is severe and he will no longer be able to keep his job. His girlfriend at the time, Renee Royce, tells him of an experimental procedure, which he undergoes to save his spine. After the injury, a paramedic candidate threatens his career with a false allegation of sexual harassment, however charges were dropped after Antonio Dawson runs a background check on her and discovers that she is a fraudster. In Season 2, Kelly discovers he has a half-sister, Katie Nolan, who is a culinary student. He tries to reach out to her but she is initially hesitant as she and her mother had been abandoned by his father Benny. The two become close and Kelly is shown to be very protective of her. In the episode "Tonight's The Night" of season 2, Katie is kidnapped and Severide tries to find her in the following episodes. After she is found, she leaves for Colorado. When Katie's kidnapper disappears, Severide becomes a suspect. However, Benny Severide is revealed to be responsible but is let off by Detective Voight after Benny explains himself.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In Season 3, Severide has plunged into grief with Shay's death during a call (later discovered to be murder and arson). He and Gabby Dawson aid Detective Voight's team in the preliminary investigations, which leads them to a series of unsolved arson cases, including the fire that killed Mills' father and seriously injured Chief Boden. The case crosses-over into the "Chicago P.D." episode "A Little Devil Complex" and the perpetrator is killed by Antonio Dawson. Severide moves in with Casey and Dawson and avoids the apartment he and Shay shared as he is unable to face the loss of his best friend.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide is demoted in season 4 as part of Chief Riddle's plan to make Fire Commissioner by replacing Severide with Captain Dallas Patterson and then ousting Boden as Battalion Chief. The men of Squad 3 remain loyal to him despite Patterson's efforts to win them over. Severide has a tough time during his demotion, constantly being undermined by Patterson. Patterson ordering him does not sit well with him and he has a hard time accepting that he's no longer Lieutenant. He gets suspended for a shift for threatening to hit Patterson. Severide and Gabby think Dallas is trying to replace everyone and get them all fired. Patterson doesn't understand this accusation and has a hard time understanding what he's doing wrong, but the fact that he is slightly unfriendly makes them all wary of him. Benny gives Severide a file on him to ultimately blackmail Patterson, Severide decides to hand the file to him. Patterson still doesn't understand why he would give it to him but he helps to calm Riddle down after Boden charges at him with accusations, which Severide is surprised to see. He and Boden are later reinstated as Patterson is revealed to have used his connections to Riddle to implicate the latter for corruption.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In a "Chicago P.D." crossover episode "Don't Bury this Case", Severide is accused of a hit-and-run accident, which later turns into vehicular homicide when one of the victims, a child, dies from her injuries. Lindsay and Voight suspect that Severide was set up, while friendships and relationships are put to the test as the detectives and cops are forced to toe a very thin line with their friends at Firehouse 51 as the evidence against Severide mounts. When drug and alcohol abuse from his past comes to light, detectives within Intelligence are skeptical in believing his innocence. He is eventually found to be innocent.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide temporarily blames Cruz for Herrmann getting stabbed by Freddy for bringing him to the firehouse in the first place and pressures him in to finding Freddy when he runs away. Chief Boden tells him to back off. He goes to look for Cruz and tries to find Freddy at their 'gang hideout', telling him to not risk his life unless he wants to be the one in the hospital.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Kelly develops a brief attachment to Bianca Holloway at CPD when he tries to tell her that a missing body they find is a young girl who disappeared from his neighbourhood a few years ago. She is initially irritated at his efforts in trying to identify the girl and tells him to back off. However, Severide is right and later on, she asks him for a favour - to look after her son JJ - while she prepares for a court hearing on a dangerous gang she has been detecting for some years. On the day of the hearing, she drops JJ off with Kelly for a few hours. However, CPD is soon at the firehouse and informs Severide that Detective Holloway was shot outside the court. He is upset to hear this but insists that JJ stay with him until his aunt, who has requested not to tell JJ about this, has flown in from California. The firehouse help JJ with a school project, trying to divert his attention from his mother. A few hours later, Detective Crowley from CPD is back to tell Severide that Holloway died during surgery. He still insists that JJ stays with him until her sister arrives. She arrives later that night and asks Kelly to help her break the news to JJ. They tell him with the whole firehouse watching from the window. He breaks down and Mary takes him away. Just before he leaves, Severide gives Pouch, their dog who has also grown close to JJ.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide later has trouble with his relationships and starts thinking about his life. He is injured in an accident and doesn't get it checked out until Chief forces him to. He meets Chicago Med's Dr Clarke - a past friend of his, who asks him to take a quick blood sample and enroll on the bone marrow registry. After seeing the woman he is a match for, Severide agrees. Clarke tells him he'll feel the pain for months, to which he replies, "good". After donating his bone marrow, they develop a relationship for a few months, however her cancers returns and she eventually dies in his presence.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In season 8, Severide is offered a temporary position as an investigator for the Office of Fire Investigation (OFI). He initially turns it down, but is later assigned to the Office of Fire Investigations at the request of Fire Commissioner Grissom (Gary Cole). Severide goes to Grissom to confront him about the assignment, but Grissom convinces him to accept the assignment, and Severide asks for Grissom to shut down the investigation into Christopher Herrmann after he confronts a Chicago Police officer during a call. In the episode "Stand Our Ground", he returns to Firehouse 51 after completing his stint working as a Fire Investigator.


title: Kelly Severide

text: A recurring theme for the character is his merry-go-round of relationships and flings with various women. Severide was engaged to Renee Whaley, the sister of fellow firefighter Lieutenant Eric Whaley, but he called it off after she cheated on him with an ex-boyfriend. Lieutenant Whaley initially hated Severide, thinking the latter was the one who broke Renee's heart. Severide had refused to tell him the real story to protect Renee's reputation. After the two get into an intense argument, he finally tells Whaley everything and admitted that he never really moved on from her.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Midway through Season 1, Severide is in a relationship with Renée Royce (Sarah Shahi), a lawyer whom 51 rescued. She asks him to relocate with her to Spain and he was about to do so, much to the surprise of his friends and co-workers, but ultimately decided to stay in Chicago. In the season finale, she returns to Chicago pregnant. However, Shay hints to Severide that Renée could not possibly be pregnant with his child given the timeline. Renée confesses to Severide that the baby is not his and they part ways once again.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide dates Detective Erin Lindsay, whom he first met when she was assigned to investigate the abduction of his half-sister Katie, and their relationship becomes serious. With Shay's death in the line of duty (later ruled to be a homicide caused by arson), Severide spirals out of control, isolating himself from his co-workers at 51 and Lindsay. She breaks up with him after he misses another date telling him that while she can empathize with him, she can’t "be the girl sitting alone in a restaurant waiting for [him]."


title: Kelly Severide

text: In Season 3, while still mourning over Shay's death, Severide takes a trip to Las Vegas and meets Brittany Baker (Serinda Swan), a graphic designer, at the craps table. They marry and she moves in with Severide, shocking his colleagues and Chief Boden. Brittany moves in with Severide and into Casey and Dawson's guestroom. Their relationship and open affection lead to the deterioration of Casey and Dawson's own relationship. Homesick, Brittany finally leaves Chicago, unable to get used to the uncertainty and irregular hours Severide's job as a firefighter entails.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide appears to have a romantic interest in April Sexton (Yaya DaCosta), a main character on "Chicago Med" and an ER nurse at Chicago Medical Center. They have known each other since they were teens as her parents took Severide in when he was going through a rebellious phase in high school. He formally asks her out on date in the "Chicago Med" episode "Malignant". However, they later break up as April enters a relationship with another man.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In season 5, Severide appears to have a romantic interest towards Anna, a pediatrician of Springfield Hospital. After saving her life by donating bone marrow, Severide visits Springfield after getting an offer from Springfield Fire Department to become a battalion chief. In "Purgatory", he turns it down. Anna moves to Chicago, in order to be close to Severide. When she gets cold feet over moving there, he takes her around the city in particularly, taking her skating. But when Severide's father shows up unannounced with his girlfriend, and crashes Severide's date with Anna, she gets upset. Upon seeing Severide’s father, Anna starts crying and abruptly leaves the table to go outside and hail a cab. As she gets in the cab, she reveals that her parents didn't want her move away nor to stay in the relationship with Severide. Anna agrees with her parents on both points and fears that Severide will turn out to a drunk like his father. She breaks it off with Severide. Later, Severide discovers that Anna has a complication with her cancer, and that prompted her to break up with him. Anna’s father, who visits Severide in his office, asks Severide to not give up on Anna. In "Carry Their Legacy", Severide carries Anna to the hospital for chemotherapy. In "Carry Me", Anna dies when the chemotherapy and other methods don't work and it is revealed that she signed a DNR order, leaving Severide to cope with her death.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In Season 6, at the end of "The Chance to Forgive", Severide ends up kissing fellow firefighter Stella Kidd (whom he previously had a romantic fling with) in Molly's when it was closing for the night. In "Where I Want to Be", after learning about his failed relationships, Kidd reconsiders her living arrangements with Kelly by living in Herrmann's attic.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In "The Unrivaled Standard", his old flame Renee Royce returns to Chicago and asks to testify at a hearing of a fellow firefighter, much to Kidd's dismay. In "The Grand Gesture", after Royce kisses Severide, he breaks it off with her and goes to Kidd, when Kidd sees Severide on her bed.


title: Kelly Severide

text: In "Going To War", during an intense fire at an apartment complex, Stella was severely injured after she ran out of oxygen. She was trying to help Severide and didn’t tell Hermann when her levels dropped, and ended up in Chicago Med in critical condition. Severide lashed out at Hermann for not looking out for her, and Hermann said she was trying to save him which is why she didn’t say anything. Connor Rhodes and Ethan Choi informed Severide they would have to remove Stella’s lung to save her. Severide disagreed and said being a firefighter was important to Stella and she wouldn’t want that - he was told he wasn’t family so he couldn’t veto the decision. Ethan even escorted Kelly out of the hospital when he argued, much to April’s dismay. April then arranged for the rest of the firehouse to ask Connor to reconsider on Stella’s behalf, as they were her “family”. Ethan wasn’t happy with this, and accused April of doing that for Severide, and not Stella.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide's relationship with Stella becomes strained when he distances himself from her following the death of his father. In "Always a Catch", Severide becomes jealous of Stella's friend, causing even more of a strain on their relationship. In "Inside These Walls", Stella breaks up with Severide, stating that she had already been the lifeline of a man who was having a breakdown and that she could not go through that again. They get back together in "I'm Not Leaving You", where Severide says that she deserves someone better, and he was going to be that someone.


title: Kelly Severide

text: His relationship with Stella is on ice when he starts to pull away from her as she prepares for her Lieutenant's test. Later on, he has an emotional talk with Kidd and he apologized for his behaviour. In "What Comes Next", he confides in Casey he thinks he might want to propose a marriage to Kidd which he rethinks in "A White-Knuckle Panic". However, in this episode, he proposes to Stella and she happily accepts.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Of the ensemble cast of characters, Severide is closest to Matthew Casey of Truck 81 and he developed a bond with the late Leslie Shay. He still considers Shay his best friend and they shared a very close relationship, sharing an apartment for many years.


title: Kelly Severide

text: Severide and Casey have known each other since their academy days and presumably graduated from the same class. In the pilot, their mutual long-time friend and co-worker Andy Darden is killed during a call and causes a rift between the two lieutenants. The episode flashes forward a month later and they are still at loggerheads with one another, with the entire crew at 51 as well as new Candidate Peter Mills caught in the middle. They eventually work it out by the end of the first season. Whenever one of them suffers a loss, they would go out to the driveway to talk over a quick smoke, as both are men of few words, especially regarding their private lives or emotional state. Severide is the only one who calls Casey - Case. (In Season 3 Episode 10, Severide and Casey go to a bar to get over their break-ups with Brittany and Dawson respectively and attempt to pick up a pair of girls named Chloe and Yuma, a reference to the film "", whose screenplay was written by "Fire" writers and co-creators Derek Haas and Michael Brandt.)


title: Kelly Severide

text: At the end of Matt Casey's farewell episode in Season 10, Severide initiates a group hug with Casey and others in Firehouse 51 and tells Casey he loves him.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: Daniel Lubetzky (born 1968) is a Mexican American billionaire businessman, philanthropist, author, and founder and executive chairman of snack company Kind LLC.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: Daniel Lubetzky is the son of Sonia and Roman Lubetzky. A Holocaust survivor and a Lithuanian Ashkenazi Jew, Lubetzky's father was a partner in International Bonded Warehouses and United Export Trading Association, both duty-free shop chains with headquarters in Laredo, Texas. Lubetzky was born and raised in Mexico City, Mexico. As a teenager, he moved with his family to the U.S.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and international relations, graduating "magna cum laude", from Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. As an undergraduate, he studied abroad in both Israel and France. Lubetzky then earned his Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1993.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In March 2008, Lubetzky married Michelle Lynn Lieberman, a physician. They have four children. Lubetzky is the cousin of 3 times Oscar-winning cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: During his college years in Texas, Lubetzky created a retail watch operation, Da'Leky Times. After graduating from law school, Lubetzky worked briefly at Sullivan & Cromwell and at McKinsey & Company.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 1993, Lubetzky was awarded a Haas Koshland Fellowship to write about legislative means to foster joint ventures between Arabs and Israelis. While carrying out his research, he discovered a sun-dried tomato product that provided the foundation for PeaceWorks Inc. in 1994. PeaceWorks is a "not-Only-for-profit" business corporation pursuing both peace and profit. Its flagship brand – Meditalia –is made through cooperation among neighbors striving to co-exist in the Middle East.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2003, concerned about unhealthy snacking choices and the rising obesity and diabetes epidemic in America, Lubetzky launched Kind Snacks with the value proposition of being "Kind to your body, your taste buds and your world". Kind has since become the fastest-growing snack company in the US.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2010, Lubetzky co-founded Maiyet, a luxury fashion venture committed to forging partnerships with artisans in some of the world's developing economies to create high end and unique products, while promoting self-sufficiency and entrepreneurship.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2015, President Barack Obama and Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker named him a Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship (PAGE). In 2018, Lubetzky founded New York-based family office, Equilibra, which backs entrepreneur-run businesses that offer packaged goods to consumers; investments include Greek yogurt brand Ellenos, and social enterprise Yellow Leaf Hammocks. As of November 2021, Lubetzky had a net worth of $2.2 billion.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In November 2020, it was announced that Kind North America would be purchased by Mars in a deal worth $5 billion. Lubetzky said he would retain his stake in the company and remain involved in its operations.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In September 2021, Lubetzky teamed up with two of Kind's former executives to create Somos (meaning "we are" in Spanish), an authentic Mexican food company.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: Lubetzky established Equilibra Partners Management Inc in 2018. The firm backs entrepreneur-run businesses that offer packaged goods to consumers.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In May 2020, Equilibra purchased a 25% stake in Yellow Leaf Hammocks for $1 million when Lubetzky sat as a guest shark on "Shark Tank".


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2020, Equilibra invested $18 million in Greek yogurt company Ellenos. Towards the end of the year, it made a $250,000 investment in FitFighter, a fitness brand which began with equipment for firefighter training programs and expanded to full-body fitness tools and workouts.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2021, Equilibra purchased a 10% stake in Quevos, an egg white protein snacks company, also on "Shark Tank". That same year, they invested in Tandm Inc., a family-owned business that created a tandem boogie board.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: Lubetzky is the author of the "New York Times" bestselling book "Do the Kind Thing, Think Boundlessly, Work Purposefully, Live Passionately". The book is based on Lubetzky's entrepreneurial experience, and was inspired by his father's stories from the Holocaust.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: Lubetzky appeared as a guest shark in episodes of "Shark Tank" in seasons 11, 12 13, and 14, and on "To Dine For with Kate Sullivan" in January, 2021.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2002, he co-founded the OneVoice Movement, an international grassroots effort, to amplify the voices of moderate Israelis and Palestinians seeking to end the conflict.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2015, Lubetzky and Kind Snacks created the Kind Foundation. Its signature initiative, Empatico, is a video-conferencing and digital learning platform that connects classrooms around the world designed to help kids explore their similarities and differences and expand their world views.


title: Daniel Lubetzky

text: In 2017, he launched a public advocacy organization called Feed the Truth to counteract the food industry's influence on food policy and public health. He pledged $25 million to fund the organization.