title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: Honestly, Nevermind is the seventh studio album by Canadian rapper and singer Drake, which was surprise-released on June 17, 2022, through OVO Sound and Republic Records. The album includes a sole guest feature from 21 Savage, and production from a variety of producers, including Gordo, Black Coffee, and frequent collaborator 40.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: A stylistic departure from Drake's previous releases, "Honestly, Nevermind" adopts a dance, house and Baltimore club sound. The album received generally positive reviews and debuted atop the US "Billboard" 200 with 204,000 album-equivalent units. It became Drake's eleventh US number-one album. The album's singles, "Sticky" and "Massive", debuted in the top 20 in the US "Billboard" Hot 100, while "Jimmy Cooks" became Drake's eleventh (and 21 Savage's second) US number-one song.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: On March 4, 2021, Drake announced the launch of satellite radio channel "Sound 42" on Sirius XM, with OVO Sound Radio as its flagship program, marking the show's return since it aired between July 2015 and October 2018 on streaming service Apple Music. Following the show's broadcast, he released his fourth extended play "Scary Hours 2" at midnight. Drake also revealed that his sixth studio album "Certified Lover Boy" would be coming soon, which was eventually released on September 3.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: On the afternoon of June 16, 2022, OVO Sound announced on Twitter that Drake would be premiering his own radio show "Table For One" on Sound 42 later that night at . A few hours later, Drake made a surprise announcement on Instagram that he would be releasing his seventh studio album, "Honestly, Nevermind", later that midnight. Broadcasting not long after Game Six of the 2022 NBA Finals earlier that night, Drake premiered the tracks "Confusion" and "I Don't Care" on the show. Drake also revealed during the show that he was working on "Scary Hours 3".


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: The album is dedicated to American fashion designer Virgil Abloh, who died in 2021. A music video for "Falling Back" was released alongside the album. Directed by Director X, the official music video sees Drake marrying 23 different women. Canadian-American professional basketball player Tristan Thompson makes an appearance as his best man.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: The album's only feature, 21 Savage, appears on the closing track of the album, "Jimmy Cooks". The album's first two singles, "Sticky" and "Massive" were sent to rhythmic contemporary radio and contemporary hit radio, respectively, on June 21. "Jimmy Cooks" impacted contemporary hit radio on October 11, as the album's third single.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: "Honestly, Nevermind" is a dance album driven by house and Baltimore club influences. The album includes elements of Jersey club, hard techno, R&B, amapiano, ballroom, and Drake's traditional style of hip hop.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: "Honestly, Nevermind" was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 73, based on 14 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 6.7 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: In a positive review, Robin Murray of "Clash" called "Honestly, Nevermind" a "puzzle that will take a long time to fully unlock" and "a devastating about-turn that will fascinate and frustrate in equal measure". Tim Sendra from AllMusic enjoyed the album, saying, ""Honestly, Nevermind" is a welcome development in the Drake saga, a left turn off what was starting to seem like an endless stretch of trap-heavy highway. The destination is still sad and self-involved, but at least the scenery is colorful and never boring". "The New York Times"s Jon Caramanica wrote, "A small marvel of bodily exuberance – appealingly weightless, escapist and zealously free. An album of entrancing club music, it's a pointed evolution toward a new era for one of music's most influential stars. It is also a Drake album made up almost wholly of the parts of Drake albums that send hip-hop purists into conniptions". Writing for "Rolling Stone", Jeff Ihaza stated, "The album achieves something mischievously unguarded: a collection of blissful dance tunes constructed for embrace and abandon. Drake takes a leap further into uncharted realms than any of his peers, offering a refreshing sign of what's to come".


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: Vivian Medithi of "HipHopDX" said, "He stopped making the Drake album we want him to make and made the Drake album Drake wants to make. Locked in with producers he trusts and letting his guard down, he sounds more focused and balanced than he has in years". "Variety" critic Alex Swhear said, "As a standalone Drake album, it's deeply refreshing, and a dose of vibrant pop likely to reverberate through the remainder of the summer". Louis Pavlakos of "Exclaim!" said, "Hints of the album's atypicality are apparent from its opening minutes, for better or worse. "Falling Back" makes for a questionable lead-off, as Drake's falsetto has never been particularly strong, but "Honestly, Nevermind" rarely falters from there".


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: In a lukewarm review, "Pitchfork"s Alphonse Pierre wrote, "A breezy Drake dance album sounds great in concept, but the half-measure house beats and lackluster songwriting keep it from really popping off". In his review, Alexis Petridis of "The Guardian" states, "The Canadian superstar's new album is surprisingly full of house music, but his passive-aggressive complaints get dull". "NME" critic Kyann-Sian Williams said, "The Canadian's latest release surprises in many ways, ditching bland trap for house beats and some daring, if somewhat mixed, vocal takes". In a more negative review, David Smyth of "Evening Standard" opined that "Honestly, Nevermind" felt like "a minor work" within Drake's discography, going on to say that "[Drake] sounds like he isn't trying very hard".


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: The song "Texts Go Green" was used by Google in an Android advertisement to call on Apple Inc. to adopt Rich Communication Services (RCS), in reference to the song's premise of iPhone users being blocked on iMessage.


title: Honestly, Nevermind

text: "Honestly, Nevermind" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 with 204,000 album-equivalent units, including 11,000 pure album sales. Its tracks earned a total of 250.23 million on-demand streams. The album is Drake's eleventh number-one album in the US. In its second week, the album remained in the top ten as it fell to number three, earning 73,000 album-equivalent units.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Black conservatism in the United States is a political and social movement rooted in communities of African descent that aligns largely with the American conservative movement, including the Christian right. Black conservatism emphasizes social conservatism, traditionalism, patriotism, capitalism, and free markets. What characterizes a "black conservative" has changed over time, and the people listed below do not necessarily share the same political philosophy.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Influential Black conservatives in the early 21st century who held office include Senator Tim Scott, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, and Cabinet secretaries Ben Carson, Condoleezza Rice, and Colin Powell. Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, Armstrong Williams, Walter Williams and Candace Owens are among the most influential black conservative political commentators.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: One of the main characteristics of black conservatism is its emphasis on personal choice and responsibilities above socioeconomic status and institutional racism. In the tradition of African American politics and intellectual life, black conservatives tend to side with Booker T. Washington as contrasted with W. E. B. Du Bois. For many black conservatives, the key mission is to bring repair and success to the black community by applying the following fundamental principles:


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Black conservatives typically oppose affirmative action and tend to argue that efforts to obtain reparations for slavery are either misguided or counter-productive. Black conservatives tend to be self-critical of aspects of African-American culture that they believe have created poverty and dependency.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Black conservatives—especially black Republicans—are often accused of being Uncle Toms. "Ebony" in their May 2001 "100+ Most Influential Black Americans" issue, did not include a number of influential African Americans such as Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, Armstrong Williams, Walter Williams and, most notably, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. "The Economist" described the exclusion of Justice Thomas from the list as spiteful.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Black conservatives favor integration of African Americans into mainstream America and, consequently, disagree with black nationalism and separatism. Black conservatives are more inclined to support economic policies promoting free trade and tax cuts.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: According to a 2004 study , 14% of blacks identified as "Conservative" or "Extremely Conservative"with another 14% identifying as slightly conservative. However, the same study indicated that less than ten percent identified as Republican or Republican-leaning. Likewise, a 2007 Pew Research Center survey showed that 19% of blacks identified as Religious Right. In 2004, though, the Pew Research Center indicated only 7% of blacks identified as Republican.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: A National Election Pool poll showed that support for California Proposition 8 (2008) (a state constitutional amendment defining marriage as an opposite-sex union) was strong among African-American voters; 70% of those interviewed in the exit poll—a higher percentage than any other racial group—stated that they voted in favor of Proposition 8. Polls by both the Associated Press and CNN mirrored this data, reporting support among black voters to be at 70% and 75%, respectively. African American support was considered crucial to the Proposition's passage because African Americans made up an unusually large percentage of voters in 2008; the presence of African American presidential candidate Barack Obama on the ballot was believed to have increased African American voter turnout.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: From Reconstruction up until the New Deal, the black population tended to vote Republican. During that period, the Republican Party—particularly in the Southern United States—was seen as more racially liberal than the Democratic Party, primarily because of the role of the Southern wing of the Democratic Party as the party of racial segregation and the Republican Party's roots in the abolitionist movement (see Dixiecrats).


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: Blacks started to shift in significant numbers to the Democrats with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt and continued with the election of John F. Kennedy. Among Truman Administration officials, the publication of Henry Lee Moon's "Balance of Power" spurred Democratic partisan support for African-American constituencies. This shift was also influenced by Herbert Hoover's practice of firing loyal African-Americans from positions within the Republican Party, in order to increase his appeal to Southern white voters. This can be considered an early example of a set of Republican Party methods that were later termed the Southern Strategy.


title: Black conservatism in the United States

text: This is a timeline of significant events in African-American history that have shaped the conservative movement in the United States.


title: Iconic Tower (Egypt)

text: The Iconic Tower is a skyscraper in the New Administrative Capital of Egypt. With a total structural height of , it is already the tallest building in Africa. It will have 77 floors, mostly for office use, and is one of 20 towers being built as part of the Central business district in the new capital city. The total area of the tower exceeds .


title: Iconic Tower (Egypt)

text: Construction of the Iconic Tower officially began in May 2018. Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly visited the construction site to attend a ceremony that marked the start of concrete pouring operations on the foundations in 2019. China State Construction Engineering is the main contractor for the project, which employs over 5,000 workers.


title: Iconic Tower (Egypt)

text: The tower project's architect of record is Dar al-Handasah Shair & Partners. The overall plan for the new Cairo development project, led by the Egyptian Ministry of Housing, includes 20 high-rises in the complex surrounding Iconic Tower.


title: Iconic Tower (Egypt)

text: It was planned and inspired by the shape of a pharaonic obelisk, with the glass exterior representing the Egyptian god Amun’s Shuti crown.


title: Iconic Tower (Egypt)

text: In July 2021, all structural concrete work was completed for the tower and on 24 August 2021, the tower topped out at its full height of . The tower is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2023. Upon completion, it will be the tallest building in Africa, overtaking The Leonardo in South Africa.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (; August 11, 1946 – April 30, 1984) was a Colombian lawyer and politician, who served as Minister of Justice under President Belisario Betancur, and was assassinated by orders of Pablo Escobar because of his work as Minister in prosecuting cocaine traffickers mainly belonging to the Medellín Cartel.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: Lara's death led to Escobar's indictment for murder and a long-running controversy over extradition in Colombia that would ultimately cost thousands of lives.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: Born in Neiva, capital of the department of Huila, Lara studied law at the Universidad Externado de Colombia. Years later he joined the Liberal Revolutionary Movement party, founded and led by former Liberal president Alfonso López Michelsen. In 1969, when he was only 23 years old, Lara was appointed mayor of his hometown.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: In August 1983, Lara, who belonged to the New Liberalism created by him and Luis Carlos Galán, was appointed by President Belisario Betancur as Minister of Justice, replacing Bernardo Gaitán Mahecha. Lara, together with Galán, publicly denounced the drug cartels, especially in Medellín, where the cartel was led by Escobar. When Escobar was elected to the Congress, Lara denounced him, citing his connection to drug cartels. Lara also exposed Escobar and the cartel for influencing politics and sports through corruption. This triggered a trap set by some politicians, drug dealers, and journalists who were threatened by the explosive growth of Lara in government and especially in the fight against drug trafficking. Jairo Ortega, Escobar's ally in Congress, presented a check (eventually shown to have been falsified) to the chamber, supposedly drawn by known drug trafficker Evaristo Porras. This, in addition to a recorded conversation between Lara and Porras, caused many to question Lara's legitimacy. President Betancur, however, dismissed the allegations and retained Lara in office.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: After the alleged link between Lara and the drug cartels was discredited, the government began uncovering the shadowy dealings of the Medellín Cartel, specifically Escobar. Escobar was expelled from the Congress and his U.S. visa cancelled. The Minister went further, reviving criminal charges against Escobar and other drug lords, such as Carlos Lehder. Lara also ordered the seizure of hundreds of planes and properties that were allegedly used for the production and distribution of illegal substances. While Congress debated approving an extradition treaty with the United States, Escobar and his allies sought to solve their problems by physically eliminating Lara.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: On April 30, 1984 Rodrigo Lara Bonilla was in his 1976 Mercedes-Benz W116 when Byron Velasquez and Ivan Dario Guisado drove past his SUV convoy on a Yamaha motorcycle. Guisado shot an Uzi through the window, hitting him multiple times. Lara was killed instantly, but the driver was left unharmed. His bodyguards shot Ivan Dario Guisado dead but Byron Velasquez was arrested and was paroled on October 15 1995. Within a few days after Lara’s assassination Pablo Escobar and his family fled to Panama.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: After Lara's death, the Betancur government immediately approved the extradition law and began a war against organized crime. In turn, Enrique Parejo González was appointed Minister of Justice. He directed a harsh attack against drug trafficking, leading to the extradition of three members of the Medellín Cartel to the United States.


title: Rodrigo Lara

text: In 2009, Rodrigo Lara Restrepo and the sons of the late Luis Carlos Galán announced to the media their forgiveness of Sebastian Marroquin (formerly Juan Pablo Escobar), son of the late Pablo Escobar, who apologized for the damage done to the country in his two decades of narco-terrorism, as told in the documentary film "Sins of My Father" (2009).


title: Olivia Taylor Dudley

text: Olivia Taylor Dudley is an American actress. She is known for her horror film roles such as "Chernobyl Diaries" (2012), "The Vatican Tapes" (2015) and "" (2015), for her television roles such as the Syfy fantasy series "The Magicians", and for her work in the internet sketch group 5-Second Films.


title: Olivia Taylor Dudley

text: Dudley earned her first major film role in the 2012 thriller "Chernobyl Diaries". In 2013, she was cast in the 2015 demonic possession drama film "The Vatican Tapes" playing the possession victim Angela Holmes; Dudley's portrayal in the film earned positive notice from "The New York Times" reviewer Nicolas Rapold. Dudley's other notable movies include "Chillerama", "", "Dumbbells", "The Barber", and "Dude Bro Party Massacre III".


title: Olivia Taylor Dudley

text: Dudley's television roles include appearances on "" and "Arrested Development". In August 2015, she earned the regular role of Alice in Syfy's drama fantasy series "The Magicians". In mid 2016, Dudley guest-starred opposite David Duchovny in the second season of NBC's "Aquarius".


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Indo-Fijians or Indian-Fijians (also known as Fiji Indians) are Fijian citizens of Indian descent, and include people who trace their ancestry to various regions of the Indian subcontinent. Although Indo-Fijians constituted a majority of Fiji's population from 1956 through the late 1980s, discrimination and the resulting brain drain resulted in them numbering 313,798 (37.6%) (2007 census) out of a total of 827,900 people living in :Fiji .


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Although they hailed from various regions in the Indian subcontinent, the vast majority of Indo-Fijians trace their origins to the Awadh and Bhojpur regions of the Hindi Belt in northern India. Indians in Fiji speak Fiji Hindi which is based on the Awadhi dialect with major influence from Bhojpuri. It is distinct to the Modern Standard Hindi spoken in India. The major home districts of Fiji's North Indian labourers were Basti, Gonda, Faizabad, Sultanpur and Azamgarh, in the present-day Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh and the present-day Bhojpur region of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. Others (in a smaller quantity) originated in the Tamil and Telugu regions. A Small amount of free immigrants also came from Gujarat and Punjab. Many of the Muslim Indo-Fijians also came from Sindh and Balochistan and various other parts of South Asia. Fiji's British colonial rulers brought Indian people to the Colony of Fiji as indentured labourers between 1879 and 1916 to work on Fiji's sugar-cane plantations.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Indians had been employed for a long time on the European ships trading in India and the East Indies. Many of the early voyages to the Pacific either started or terminated in India and many of these ships were wrecked in the uncharted waters of the South Pacific. The first recorded presence of an Indian in Fiji was by Peter Dillon, a sandalwood trader in Fiji, of a lascar (Indian seaman) who survived a ship wreck and lived and settled there


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Before Fiji was colonized by Great Britain, some planters had tried to obtain Indian labour and had approached the British Consul in Levuka, Fiji but were met with a negative response. In 1870 a direct request by a planter to the Government of India was also turned down and in 1872, an official request by the Cakobau Government was informed that British rule in Fiji was a pre-condition for Indian emigration to Fiji.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The early ancestors of Fiji Indians came from different regions and backgrounds from India and other neighbouring countries. However, most came from rural villages in northern and


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In January 1879, thirty-one Indians, who had originally been indentured labourers in Réunion, were brought from New Caledonia to Fiji under contract to work on a plantation in Taveuni. These labourers demonstrated knowledge of the terms of the indenture agreement and were aware of their rights and refused to do the heavy work assigned to them. Their contract was terminated by mutual agreement between the labourers and their employers. In 1881, thirty-eight more Indians arrived from New Caledonia and again most of them left but some stayed taking Indian wives or island women.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The colonial authorities promoted the sugar cane industry, recognising the need to establish a stable economic base for the colony, but were unwilling to exploit indigenous labour and threaten the Fijian way of life. The use of imported labour from the Solomon Islands and what is now Vanuatu generated protests in the United Kingdom, and the Governor Sir Arthur Hamilton-Gordon decided to implement the indentured labour scheme, which had existed in the British Empire since 1837. A recruiting office was set up especially around Calcutta and the South, West and North later, especially a lot in rural village areas in different farming regions, land and areas.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The "Leonidas", a labour transport vessel, disembarked at Levuka from Calcutta on 14 May 1879. The 498 indentured workers who disembarked were the first of over 61,000 to arrive from South and East Asia in the following 37 years. The majority were from the districts of eastern and southern provinces, followed by labourers from northern and western regions, then later south eastern countries, they originated from different regions, villages, backgrounds and castes that later mingled or intermarried hence the "Fijian Indian" identity was created. The indentured workers originated mostly from rural village backgrounds.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The contracts of the indentured labourers, which they called "girmit" (agreements), required them to work in Fiji for a period of five years. Living conditions on the sugar cane plantations, on which most of the "girmityas" (indentured labourers) worked, had poor standards which resembled that of slavery. Hovels known as "coolie lines" dotted the landscape.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Public outrage in the United Kingdom at such abuses was a factor in the decision to halt the scheme in 1916.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: With the intervention of Banarsidas Chaturvedi and Reverend C.F. Andrews all existing indenture was cancelled on 1 January 1920.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: After a further five years of work as an indentured labourer or as a "khula" (free labourer), they were given the choice of returning to India at their own expense, or remain in Fiji. The great majority opted to stay because they could not afford to return under the low pay (even in many instances they were denied paid wages) of the British government, or were refused to be sent back. After the expiry of their "girmits", many leased small plots of land from Fijians and developed their own sugarcane fields or cattle farmlets. Others went into business in the towns that were beginning to spring up.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The indenture system had two positive effects on subsequent generations. Firstly the need for people of different castes to live, work and eat together led to an end of the caste system. Furthermore, shortage of females resulted in many marrying outside their caste. Another positive was the development of a new koiné language, known as Fiji Hindi that was formed from different languages and dialects of India. The speakers of these languages originated from different regions in India that supplied a lot of labourers. Music too, was important, with a distinct Fiji Hindi culture that some commentators have described as a forerunner to both bangla and jazz. For the most part, these people came from in certain rural or village areas. The language was further heavily enriched by the inclusion of many Fijian and English words. The language is now the mother tongue of majority Fiji Indians and is the lingua franca of not only all the Fiji Indians but also of all Fijian communities where ethnic Indians are in a majority.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: From the early 1900s, Indians started arriving in Fiji as free agents. Many of these paid their own way and had previously served in Fiji or other British colonies or had been born in Fiji. Amongst the early free migrants, there were religious teachers, missionaries and at least one lawyer. The government and other employers brought clerks, policemen, artisans, gardeners, experienced agricultural workers, a doctor and a school teacher. Punjabi farmers and Gujarati craftsmen also paid their own way to Fiji and in later years formed an influential minority amongst the Fiji Indians.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In 1916, Manilal Doctor, the "de facto" leader of the Indo-Fijian community, persuaded the colonial government of Fiji to form an Indian platoon for the Allied war effort during the First World War. He sent the names of 32 volunteers to the colonial government but his requests were ignored. As a result, a number of Fiji Indians volunteered for the New Zealand Army while one served in Europe during the First World War.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In 1934, Governor Fletcher enacted a policy which warranted an Indian Platoon within the Fiji Defence Force consisting entirely of enlisted-ranked Indians. Governor Fletcher encouraged Indo-Fijians to regard Fiji as their permanent home. One could say this was Fletcher's insurance policy against an anticipated anti-European revolt at the hands of the Native population, which subsequently took place in 1959.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: While the Fiji Indian troops had the Europeans as their commanding and non-commissioned officers, the Native Fijians had Ratu Edward Cakobau, a Native Fijian, as their commanding officer. Prior to the Second World War, soldiers served voluntarily and were paid "capitation grants" according to efficiency ratings without regard to race. In 1939, during the mobilisation of the Fiji Defence Force, the colonial government changed its payment system to four shillings per day for enlisted men of European descent while enlisted men of non-European descent were paid only two shillings per day; the Indian Platoon quickly disputed this disparity in pay. The colonial government, fearing this dissidence would eventually be shared by the Native Fijians, decided to disband the Indian platoon in 1940 citing lack of available equipment, such as military armour, as their reason.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Indians are defined by the constitution of Fiji as anybody who can trace, through either the male or the female line, their ancestry back to anywhere on the Indian subcontinent and all government documents use this name. However, popular referrals are Fijian Indian and Indo-Fijian. These labels have proved culturally and politically controversial, and finding a label of identification for the Indian community in Fiji has fuelled a debate that has continued for many decades.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The name is debatable also due to the fact that many Muslims are descendants of peoples from modern day Pakistan and Bangladesh, not modern day India.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In the late 1960s the leader of the National Federation Party, A. D. Patel, who used the slogan, "One Country, One People, One Destiny", suggested that all Fiji's citizens should be called Fijians and to distinguish the original inhabitants from the rest, the name "Taukei" should be used for native Fijians. There was widespread opposition to this from the native Fijians who feared that any such move would deprive them of the special privileges they had enjoyed since cession in 1874. The "Fiji Times" started using Fiji Islander to describe all Fiji's citizens but this name did not catch on.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The United States Department of State gives the nationality of Fiji citizens as ""Fiji Islander"" and states that "the term "Fijian" has exclusively ethnic connotations and should not be used to describe any thing or person not of indigenous Fijian descent."


title: Indo-Fijians

text: As the labels carry emotional and (according to some) politically loaded connotations, they are listed below in alphabetical order.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: For a long time Fiji Indian was used to distinguish between Fiji citizens of Indian origin and Indians from India. The term was used by writers like K.L. Gillion and by the academic and politician, Ahmed Ali. The late President of Fiji, "Ratu" Sir Kamisese Mara, also used this term in his speeches and writings. The term was also used by the Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma, Fiji's largest Christian denomination, which had a Fiji-Indian division.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: This term has been used by such writers as Adrian Mayer and Brij Lal. "Ratu" Joni Madraiwiwi, Fiji's Vice-President from 2004 to 2006, also used it in his speeches.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In 2006, Jone Navakamocea, Minister of State for National Planning in the Qarase government, called for the use of the term "Indo-Fijian" to be officially banned. He declared that the term was "unacceptable", and that Indo-Fijians should be referred to only as "Indians". The "Hindustan Times" reported Navakamocea had "alleged that the Indo-Fijian term was coined by Indian academics in Fiji to 'Fijianise' their Indian ethnicity", which, in Navakamocea's view, undermined the paramountcy of indigenous rights. Navakamocea lost office in the 2006 military coup when the army accused the Qarase government of anti-Fijian Indian racism and overthrew it.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The colonial rulers attempted to assuage Indian discontent by providing for one of their number to be nominated to the Legislative Council from 1916 onwards. Badri Maharaj, a strong supporter of the British Empire but with little support among his own people, was appointed by the Governor in 1916. His appointment did little to redress the grievances of the Indian community. Buttressed by the Indian Imperial Association founded by Manilal Maganlal, a lawyer who had arrived in Fiji in 1912, the Indians continued to campaign for better work and living conditions, and for an extension of the municipal franchise; literacy tests disqualified most Indians from participation. A strike by Indian municipal workers and Public Works Department employees, which began on 15 January 1920, ended in a riot which was forcibly quelled on 12 February; Manilal, widely blamed for the unrest, was deported. Another strike, from January to July in 1921, led by "Sadhu" (priest) Vashist Muni, demanded higher rates of pay for workers of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR), the unconditional return of Manilal, and the release of imprisoned 1920 strikers. The authorities responded by deporting Muni from Fiji.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Demands increased for direct representation in the legislature. In 1929, Indian immigrants and their descendants were authorised to elect three members to the Legislative Council on a communal roll. Vishnu Deo, James Ramchandar Rao and Parmanand Singh were duly elected. Agitation continued for a common roll, which the colonial administrators rejected, citing the fears of European settlers and Fijian chiefs that a common electoral roll would lead to political domination by Indians, whose numbers were rapidly increasing. The fear of Indo-Fijian domination also led to the abolition of the elected membership of Suva Municipal Council in 1934, with the council becoming a wholly appointed body.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Two major Hindu movements attracted widespread support in the 1920s, and relationships between Hindus and Muslims also became increasingly strained.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The Arya Samaj in Fiji advocated purging Hinduism of what it saw as its superstitious elements and expensive rituals, opposed child marriage, and advocated the remarriage of widows, which orthodox Hinduism didn't promote at that time. The Arya Samaj also encouraged education for girls, which wasn't the norm at the time. The Arya Samaj began by establishing schools and by using a newspaper of one of its supporters, the Fiji Samachar founded in 1923, to expound their views.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The traditional Sanatan Dharma was more orthodox than the Hindu-reformist Arya Samaj. It affirmed traditional Hindu rituals and prayers. However, Fijian Indians who practice Sanatana Dharma also do not have child marriages, as it is unheard of until the youths reach maturity age or level.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: A post-war effort by European members of the Legislative Council to repatriate ethnic Indians to India, starting with sixteen-year-old males and fourteen-year-old females, was not successful, but reflected the tensions between Fiji's ethnic communities.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Differences between ethnic Fijians and Indians complicated preparations for Fiji independence, which the United Kingdom granted in 1970, and have continued to define Fiji politics since. Prior to independence, Indians sought a common electoral roll, based on the principle of "one man, one vote." Ethnic Fijian leaders opposed this, believing that it would favour urban voters who were mostly Indian; they sought a communal franchise instead, with different ethnic groups voting on separate electoral rolls. At a specially convened conference in London in April 1970, a compromise was worked out, under which parliamentary seats would be allocated by ethnicity, with ethnic Fijians and Indians represented equally. In the House of Representatives, each ethnic group was allocated 22 seats, with 12 representing "Communal constituencies" (elected by voters registered as members of their particular ethnic group) and a further 10 representing "National constituencies" (distributed by ethnicity but elected by universal suffrage. A further 8 seats were reserved for ethnic minorities, 3 from "communal" and 5 from "national" constituencies.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In 1987, shortly after a coalition government was formed that represented both communities, two military coups were staged by low-ranking Fijian officers that aimed at sidelining the Indian community in politics.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Ethnic South Asians outnumbered indigenous Fijians from 1956 through the late 1980s. This was due to the death of 1/3 of the indigenous population, mainly male and children, that died from smallpox contracted when King Cakobau and other chief leaders returned from a trip from Australia during which they caught smallpox. The percentage of Indigenous female population increased as a result, and the native male population was scarce at one stage, but by 2000 their share of the population had declined to 43.7%, because of a higher ethnic-Fijian birthrate and particularly because of the greater tendency of Fijian Indians to emigrate. Emigration accelerated following the coups of 1987 (which removed an Indian-supported government from power and, for a time, ushered in a constitution that discriminated against them in numerous ways) and of 2000 (which removed an Indian Prime Minister from office).


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Political differences between the two communities, rather than ideological differences, have characterised Fijian politics since independence, with the two communities generally voting for different political parties. The National Federation Party founded by A.D. Patel, was the party favoured overwhelmingly by the Indian community throughout most of the nation's history, but its support collapsed in the parliamentary election of 1999, when it lost all of its seats in the House of Representatives; its support fell further still in the 2001 election, when it received only 22% of the Indian vote, and in the 2006 election, when it dropped to an all-time low of 14%. The party formerly favoured by Indians was the Fiji Labour Party, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, which received about 75% of the Indian vote in 2001, and won all 19 seats reserved for Indians. Founded as a multi-racial party in the 1980s, it was supported mostly by Indians, but has seen no representation in parliament since the coup of 2006.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The Church plays a major role in Fiji politics. Often some leaders appeal to Fijians addressing them as "Christians", even though Hindus are 33% of the


title: Indo-Fijians

text: population in Fiji, compared with 52% Christians. The 2000 Fijian coup d'état that removed the elected PM Mahendra Chaudhry, was supported by the Methodist Church.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Some Methodist Church authorities have continued to advocate the establishment of a Christian state. In a letter of support from the then head of the Methodist Church, Reverend Tomasi Kanilagi, to George Speight, the leader of 19 May 2000 armed takeover of Parliament, Reverend Kanilagi publicly expressed his intention to use the Methodist Church as a forum under which to unite all ethnic Fiji political parties. The Methodist church also supported forgiveness to those who plotted the coup in form of so-called "Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill".


title: Indo-Fijians

text: In 2005, Methodist Church general secretary Reverend Ame Tugaue argued that the practice of Hinduism and other religions should not be guaranteed in law:


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Following the military coup in Fiji, which deposed the government of Laisenia Qarase (which Indians claimed as unsympathetic to Indian interests), Reverend Tuikilakila Waqairatu of the Fiji Council of Churches and Assembly of Christian Churches has stated that the coup is "un-Christian" and is "manifestation of darkness and evil". He claimed that "52% of Fijians are Christian and the country's Christian values are being undermined."


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Indo Fijians are concentrated in the so-called Sugar Belt and in cities and towns on the northern and western coasts of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; their numbers are much scarcer in the south and inland areas. The majority of Fijian Indians came from northern and southeastern part of India and converse in what is known as the Fiji Hindi language that has been coined from the eastern Hindi dialects mixed with some native Fijian and small numbers of English words, with some minorities speaking Gujarati, and Punjabi, and many who speak Tamil as their mother tongue with less fluency. Almost all Indians are also fluent in English.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: According to the 1996 census (the latest available), 76.7% of Indians are Hindus and a further 15.9% are Muslims. Christians comprise 6.1% of the Indian population, while about 0.9% are members of the Sikh faith. The remaining 0.4% are mostly nonreligious.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Hindus in Fiji belong mostly to the Sanātana Dharma sect (74.3% of all Hindus); a minority (3.7%) follow Arya Samaj. Smaller groups, including The International Society for Krishna Consciousness, and numerous unspecified Hindu sects, comprise 22% of the Hindu population. Muslims are mostly Sunni (59.7%) or unspecified (36.7%); there is an Ahmadiya minority (3.6%). Indian Christians are a diverse body, with Methodists forming the largest group (26.2%), followed by the Assemblies of God (22.3%), Roman Catholics (17%), and Anglicans (5.8%). The remaining 28.7% belong to a medley of denominations. There is an Indian Division of the Methodist Church in Fiji. About 5000 Indians are Methodist. They are part of the Methodist Church in Fiji and support the position of the Methodist Church in Fiji, rather than the rights of Indians.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: The Fiji Indian diaspora developed with people of Indian origin leaving Fiji, mainly following the racially inspired coups of 1987 and 2000, to settle primarily in Australia, New Zealand, United States and Canada. Smaller numbers have settled in other Pacific islands, the United Kingdom and other European countries.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Indians from all over India were initially brought to Fiji as indentured laborers to work on sugar cane plantations. Between 1879 and 1916, a total of 60,000 Indians arrived in Fiji. Approximately 25,000 of these returned to India. From 1900 onwards, some Indians arrived as free immigrants, who were mostly from the provinces of Gujarat, Sindh and Punjab and Baluchistan.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Fiji Indians have been emigrating to United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom since the early 1960s. These were mainly economic migrants and their number gradually increased in the 1970s and 1980s to reach approximately 4000 per year.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Following the military coup of 1987, many Indians saw little future in staying in Fiji and tried to find any means to leave the country. Professional, middle class and business found it easier to emigrate. It has been estimated that more than 100,000 Fiji Indians have emigrated since 1987. This represents a third of the existing Indian population in Fiji.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Fijian Indians have been indentured slaves for thirty-seven years and faced a lot of human rights violations during the military coups. They were victimized a lot by the military adding to the reasons they moved abroad to Canada, Australian, and the United States. Another reason a lot of skilled Fiji Indians were migrating to other countries was for a better future. This caused Fiji to lose a lot of their skilled workers. Moreover, many Fijian Indians strived for a better education causing a bigger gap between them and the indigenous Fijians.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Former Prime Minister Chaudhry has expressed alarm at the high rate of emigration of educated Fiji-Indians. "If the trend continues, Fiji will be left with a large pool of poorly educated, unskilled work force with disastrous consequences on our social and economic infrastructure and levels of investment," he said on 19 June 2005. He blamed the coups of 1987 for "brain drain" which has, he said, adversely affected the sugar industry, the standard of the education and health services, and the efficiency of the civil service.


title: Indo-Fijians

text: Similarly to the indigenous Fijian population, Fijian Indians face major obstacles when it comes to health. They are often cited in research articles as a group that has a higher than normal prevalence rate of Type 2 diabetes.


title: Shari Headley

text: Shari Headley (born July 15, 1964) is an American actress and former model. She is best known for her role as Lisa McDowell in the 1988 box-office hit romantic comedy film "Coming to America" and its sequel "Coming 2 America" (2021). Headley also has appeared in films "The Preacher's Wife" (1996) and "Johnson Family Vacation" (2004).


title: Shari Headley

text: On television, Headley starred as Detective Mimi Reed in the ABC daytime soap opera "All My Children" on a regular basis from 1991 to 1994. As lead actress, she starred in the Fox short-lived drama series "413 Hope St." (1997–1998), for which she received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series nomination. From 2014 to 2016, Headley starred as villainous Jennifer Sallison in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera "The Haves and the Have Nots".


title: Shari Headley

text: Born in Queens, New York City, Headley is the youngest of four children. She is of part Trinidadian descent. Headley's father worked as a dental technician, and had wanted his daughter to be a doctor. In college, she was a premedical student, minoring in drama and performing in school plays.


title: Shari Headley

text: In 1984, Headley's modeling career began after her sister submitted a photo of Shari to the Ford Modeling Agency, without Headley's knowledge. She was a finalist in Eileen Ford's Face of the 80s campaign, and joined Ford afterwards. Headley modeled for various magazines, including "Glamour" and "Mademoiselle".


title: Shari Headley

text: Headley made her acting debut appearing in an episode of NBC sitcom "The Cosby Show" in 1985. Headley later appeared on "Miami Vice", "Quantum Leap", and "Matlock". In 1988, she portrayed Lisa McDowell, an heiress to a fast food restaurant, in romantic comedy "Coming to America". Eddie Murphy appears as her love interest in the film. Being relatively unknown at the time, the film's director John Landis stated she was chosen in the role for that reason. One reviewer opined she and Murphy "shined" together, though another critic found Headley's performance "bland." The film was a box-office success grossing a worldwide total of $288,752,301.


title: Shari Headley

text: The following year, Headley had a starring role alongside Louis Gossett Jr. in the short-lived ABC drama series, "Gideon Oliver". In the series, she played Zina, the daughter of Gossett's character. Later that year, she co-starred in the "Kojak" television film series. In 1991, Headley joined the cast of ABC daytime soap opera, "All My Children" playing police officer Mimi Reed. At the 25th NAACP Image Awards, she received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series nomination, but lost to Victoria Rowell. Headley received a second nomination the following year. She was a regular on "All My Children" from 1991 to 1994, and returned to the series in 1995 and 2005.


title: Shari Headley

text: After leaving the soap, she guest-starred on "New York Undercover", "Walker, Texas Ranger", and "Cosby". In 1996, she had a supporting role in the comedy-drama film "The Preacher's Wife" directed by Penny Marshall. In 1997, Headley landed a leading role as Juanita Barnes in the short-lived FOX drama series, "413 Hope St." alongside Richard Roundtree. The series was cancelled after only ten episodes, but Headley received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series nomination for her performance. Headley portrayed Barbara, a woman looking for a man, in the pilot episode of "". She appeared as a counselor on sitcom "The Wayans Bros.".


title: Shari Headley

text: In the early 2000s, Headley returned to daytime television playing the recurring roles of Felicia Boudreau on "Guiding Light" (2001–2002) and Heather Engle in "The Bold and the Beautiful" (2004–2005). In 2004, she played Mack Johnson's (portrayed by Steve Harvey) wife Jacqueline in the comedy film, "Johnson Family Vacation". In 2007, she appeared in the comedy-drama film "Towelhead". She also had guest starring roles on "Veronica Mars", "House", "Castle", and "Switched at Birth".


title: Shari Headley

text: In 2014, she joined the cast of Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, "The Haves and the Have Nots" created by Tyler Perry, playing District Attorney Jennifer Sallison. She was promoted to series regular as of season four. In 2019, she had a recurring role in "On Becoming a God in Central Florida". Headley reprised her role of Queen Lisa Joffer from "Coming to America" in the sequel "Coming 2 America" in 2021.


title: Shari Headley

text: Headley was married to actor/entertainer Christopher Martin, better known as "Play" from the hip-hop duo Kid N' Play, from May 1993 until they divorced in June 1995. From their brief marriage, Martin and Headley have a son.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The , also known as the , was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga shogunate was established when Ashikaga Takauji was appointed "Shōgun" after overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration shortly after having overthrown the Kamakura shogunate in support of Emperor Go-Daigo. The Ashikaga clan governed Japan from the Imperial capital of Heian-kyō (Kyoto) as "de facto" military dictators along with the "daimyō" lords of the "samurai" class. The Ashikaga shogunate began the Nanboku-chō period between the Pro-Ashikaga Northern Court in Kyoto and the Pro-Go-Daigo Southern Court in Yoshino until the South conceded to the North in 1392. The Ashikaga shogunate collapsed upon outbreak of the Ōnin War in 1467, entering a state of constant civil war known as the Sengoku period, and was finally dissolved when "Shōgun" Ashikaga Yoshiaki was overthrown by Oda Nobunaga in 1573.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga shogunate's alternative name "Muromachi" and the Muromachi period are derived from the Muromachi district of Kyoto, where the third "Shōgun", Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, established his residence nicknamed the on Muromachi Street in 1379.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: From 1180 to 1185, the Genpei War was fought between the Taira and Minamoto clans longstanding violent rivalry for influence over the Emperor of Japan and his Imperial Court. The Genpei War ended with victory for the Minamoto under Minamoto no Yoritomo, establishing the Kamakura shogunate after being pronounced "Shōgun" and beginning the Kamakura period. The Hōjō clan rose to power and governed Japan from the city of Kamakura, while the Emperor and his Imperial Court remained in the official capital city of Heian-kyō as largely symbolic figures. The Hōjō monopoly of power, as well as the lack of a reward of lands after the defeat of the Mongol invasions, led to simmering resentment among Hōjō vassals. In 1333, the Emperor Go-Daigo ordered local governing vassals to oppose Hōjō rule, in favor of Imperial rule in the Kenmu Restoration. The Kamakura shogunate ordered Ashikaga Takauji to quash the uprising, but for reasons that are unclear, Takauji turned against Kamakura and fought on behalf of the Imperial court, successfully overthrowing the shogunate. It is possibly because Takauji was the unofficial leader of the powerless Minamoto clan while the Hōjō clan were from the Taira clan the Minamoto had previously defeated. Japan was returned to Imperial civilian rule, but Emperor Go-Daigo's policies were unpopular and failed to satisfy those who had fought for him. In 1336, Takauji established his own military government in Kyoto, effectively overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration and appointing himself as the new "Shōgun".


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: After Ashikaga Takauji established himself as the "Shōgun", a dispute arose with Emperor Go-Daigo on the subject of how to govern the country. That dispute led Takauji to cause Prince Yutahito, the second son of Emperor Go-Fushimi, to be installed as Emperor Kōmyō while Go-Daigō fled Kyoto. Japan was subsequently divided between two Imperial courts: the Northern Court located in Kyoto, in favor of Kōmyō under Ashikaga influence, and Southern Court located in Yoshino, in favor of Go-Daigō. The Northern and Southern courts engaged in an ideological struggle for power that continued for 56 years, until the Southern Court gave up during the reign of "Shōgun" Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1392.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: As the "daimyō" increasingly feuded among themselves in the pursuit of power in the Ōnin War, that loyalty grew increasingly strained, until it erupted into open warfare in the late Muromachi period, also known as the Sengoku period.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: When the "shōgun" Ashikaga Yoshiteru was assassinated in 1565, an ambitious "daimyō", Oda Nobunaga, seized the opportunity and installed Yoshiteru's brother Yoshiaki as the 15th Ashikaga "shōgun". However, Yoshiaki was only a puppet of Nobunaga.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga shogunate was finally destroyed in 1573 when Nobunaga drove Ashikaga Yoshiaki out of Kyoto. Initially, Yoshiaki fled to Shikoku. Afterwards, he sought and received protection from the Mōri clan in western Japan. Later, Toyotomi Hideyoshi requested that Yoshiaki accept him as an adopted son and the 16th Ashikaga "shōgun", but Yoshiaki refused.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga family survived the 16th century, and a branch of it became the "daimyō" family of the Kitsuregawa domain.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga shogunate was the weakest of the three Japanese military governments. Unlike its predecessor, the Kamakura shogunate, or its successor, the Tokugawa shogunate, when Ashikaga Takauji established his government he had little personal territory with which to support his rule. The Ashikaga shogunate was thus heavily reliant on the prestige and personal authority of its "shōgun". The centralized master-vassal system used in the Kamakura system was replaced with the highly de-centralized "daimyōs" (local lord) system, and because of the lack of direct territories, the military power of the "shōgun" depended heavily on the loyalty of the "daimyō".


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: On the other hand, the Imperial court was no longer a credible threat to military rule. The failure of the Kenmu Restoration had rendered the court weak and subservient, a situation that Ashikaga Takauji reinforced by establishing his court within close proximity of the Emperor at Kyoto. The authority of the local "daimyō" greatly expanded from its Kamakura times. In addition to military and policing responsibilities, the shogunate-appointed shugos now absorbed the justice, economical and taxation powers of the local Imperial governors, while the government holdings in each province were rapidly absorbed into the personal holdings of the "daimyō" or their vassals. The loss of both political clout and economic base deprived the Imperial court of much of its power, which were then assumed by the Ashikaga "shōgun". This situation reached its peak under the rule of the third "shōgun", Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: After Yoshimitsu however, the structural weakness of the Ashikaga shogunate were exposed by numerous succession troubles and early deaths. This became dramatically more acute after the Ōnin War, after which the shogunate itself became reduced to little more than a local political force in Kyoto.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The Ashikaga shogunate's foreign relations policy choices were played out in evolving contacts with Joseon on the Korean Peninsula and with imperial China.


title: Ashikaga shogunate

text: The shogunal residence, also known as the "Flower Palace", was in Kyoto on the block now bounded by Karasuma Street (to the east), Imadegawa Street (to the south), Muromachi Street (to the west, giving the name), and Kamidachiuri Street (to the north). The location is commemorated by a stone marker at the southwest corner, and the of Dōshisha University contains relics and excavations of the area.


title: First Class (song)

text: "First Class" is a song by American rapper Jack Harlow, released through Atlantic Records and Generation Now as the second single from Harlow's second album "Come Home the Kids Miss You" on April 8, 2022. The song was produced by Rogét Chahayed, BabeTruth, Charlie Handsome, Jasper Harris and Nickie Jon Pabón, and heavily samples the 2006 Fergie song "Glamorous", which features Ludacris and was produced by Polow da Don. The song went viral on TikTok before its release.


title: First Class (song)

text: "First Class" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming Harlow's second song (and first solo song) to top the chart, after his collaboration with Lil Nas X on "Industry Baby" in 2021. It was also his first to debut atop the chart. The song also entered atop the charts in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, peaked at number two in Austria, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, South Africa, Switzerland and the UK, and within the top ten in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.


title: First Class (song)

text: Harlow posted a snippet of the track on social media on April 1, 2022, captioning it in part "How 'bout this one next?" The snippet went viral on TikTok, with users responding to the song's "summery vibes", with the clips featuring the song gaining a total of 28.8 million views before its official release.


title: First Class (song)

text: The song sees Harlow rapping about his "journey to success" and also "spelling out what's in store for his traveling companion" over a soft piano melody, which leads into Harlow interpolating the chorus of Fergie's 2006 song "Glamorous". The track also contains a reference to "Euphoria" actor Angus Cloud.


title: First Class (song)

text: The video clip was made available along with the release of "Come Home the Kids Miss You", at midnight on May 6, 2022. Parts of the video are in black and white and it features a cameo appearance from Brazilian singer Anitta.


title: First Class (song)

text: On May 15, Harlow performed "First Class" at the 2022 Billboard Music Awards. On June 26, Harlow performed "First Class" at the 2022 BET Awards alongside Brandy, who released a freestyle to the song's instrumental a month earlier. On August 28, Harlow performed "First Class" at the 2022 MTV Video Music Awards, with Fergie joining him to perform "Glamorous", which Harlow sampled for "First Class".


title: First Class (song)

text: "First Class" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming the year's first hip hop song to reach the top. It earned the biggest streaming week of 2022 at the time, and the biggest opening week since Drake's "Way 2 Sexy" featuring Future and Young Thug in September 2021. The song spent three non-consecutive weeks at number one and also reached number one on the Radio Songs chart where it led for 4 consecutive weeks, becoming his first leader there. With three weeks atop the Hot 100, it is the longest running number one rap song in 2022. The song also peaked at number one on the Hot Rap Songs chart, as his second leader. The song ultimately peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart, making it the highest charting rap song of 2022 and at number 1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs year-end chart.


title: First Class (song)

text: "First Class" debuted atop the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Harlow's first number one in the country. It also debuted at number one in New Zealand, making it Harlow's first solo number one and second overall chart-topping song after the Lil Nas X collaboration "Industry Baby". "First Class" also debuted at number one on the Canadian Hot 100, making it Harlow's first number-one song on the chart. The song debuted and peaked at number two in Austria, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, South Africa , and also debuted within the top ten in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. "First Class" debuted at number two on the UK Singles chart and spent 5 consecutive weeks there, blocked from the top by Harry Styles "As It Was". It spent 9 weeks in the top ten.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power Company Limited is an Indian electric utility company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and is part of the Tata Group. The core business of the company is to generate, transmit and distribute electricity. With an installed electricity generation capacity of 10,577 MW, it is India's largest integrated power company. Tata Power has been ranked 3rd in 2017 Responsible Business Rankings developed by IIM Udaipur. In February 2017, Tata Power became the first Indian company to ship over 1 GW solar modules.


title: Tata Power

text: The firm started as the Tata Hydroelectric Power Supply Company in 1910, which amalgamated with the Andhra Valley Power Supply Company in 1916. It commissioned India's Second hydro-electric project in 1915 in Khopoli for 72 MW. Then second and third power plants were installed in Bhivpuri (75 MW) in 1919 and Bhira (300 MW) in 1922.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power has operations in India, Singapore, Indonesia, South Africa and Bhutan. Tata Power Group has its operations based in 35 locations in India.The thermal power stations of the company are located at Trombay in Mumbai, Mundra in Gujarat, Jojobera and Maithon in Jharkhand, Kalinganagar in Odisha, Haldia in West Bengal and Belgaum in Karnataka. The hydro stations are located in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra and the wind farms in Ahmednagar, Supa, Khanke, Brahmanwel, Gadag, Samana and Visapur. The company installed India's first 500 MW unit at Trombay, the first 150 MW pumped storage unit at Bhira, and a flue gas desulphurization plant for pollution control at Trombay. It has generation capacities in the States of Jharkhand and Karnataka, and a distribution company in Delhi, servicing over one million consumers spread over 510 square km in the North Delhi. The peak load in this area is about 1,150 MW. Tata Power announced on 24 July 2012, commissioning of the second unit of 525 MW capacity of the Maithon mega thermal project in Dhanbad. The first unit of identical capacity was commissioned in September 2011.


title: Tata Power

text: The company has executed overseas projects in the Middle East, Africa and South East Asia including the Jebel Ali 'G' station (4×100 MW + desalination plant) in Dubai, Al-Khobar II (5×150 MW + desalination plant) and Jeddah III (4×64 MW + desalination plant) in Saudi Arabia, Shuwaikh (5×50 MW) in Kuwait, EHV substations in UAE and Algeria, and power plant operation and maintenance contracts in Iran and Saudi Arabia.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power has a Russian subsidiary, Far Eastern Natural Resources LLC, that has a license for a coal mine in Kamchatka Krai.


title: Tata Power

text: The firm's Strategic Engineering Division (SED) has engaged in defence systems and engineering for over four decades. It works with the MoD and laboratories to provide products and solutions for the defence requirements of the country.


title: Tata Power

text: It has already cleared the Joint Receipt Inspection (JRI) for the first two lots of Pinaka launchers and command posts; the third and fourth lots have successfully undergone factory acceptance tests. Tata Power's Strategic Electronics Division won a tightly contested 1,000-crore contract for modernising 30 Indian Air Force airbases.


title: Tata Power

text: In Nov 2020, Tata Powers announced the completion of sale of Strategic Engineering Division (SED) to Tata Advanced Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Sons.


title: Tata Power

text: In cause of dramatically higher coal prices as assumed in the plannings and a fixed price arrangement the Mundra plant in 2012 made big losses. After three successive years of losses as a result, cash flow was becoming an issue for the company. In January 2014 the company sold a 30 percent stake in Indonesian coal company PT Arutmin for $500 million. In July 2014 it signed an option to sell a 5 percent stake in Indonesian coal company Kaltim Prima Coal for $250 million.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power has a 51:49 joint venture with PowerGrid Corporation of India for the Tata transmission project, India's first transmission project executed with public-private partnership financing.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power has plans to expand generation capacity of 4,000 MW Mundra plant, the country's first operational ultra mega power project, to 5,600 MW.


title: Tata Power

text: The company also has a 74:26 joint venture with Damodar Valley Corporation for 1,050 MW coal-based thermal power plant at Maithon in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand, named as Maithon Power Limited. Both units were commissioned on 24 July 2012. It has another 74:26 joint venture with Tata Steel Limited for thermal power plants to meet the captive requirements of Tata Steel, under name Industrial Energy Limited.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power has announced its partnership with Sunengy an Australian firm to build India's first floating solar plant based on Liquid Solar Array technology.


title: Tata Power

text: In 2016, Tata Power made significant inroads into the renewable energy market in India by means of its acquisition of Welspun Renewables, for a record price of $1.3 billion, the largest acquisition in the Indian renewables sector.


title: Tata Power

text: Tata Power bagged a 25-year licence for distribution and retail supply of electricity in Odisha's five circles, together constituting Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha (CESU) for about Rs 175 crore.


title: Tata Power

text: As on 15 November 2017, Tata Group held 32.47% shares in Tata Power. Around 210,000 individual shareholders hold approx. 14% of its shares. Life Insurance Corporation of India is the largest non-promoter shareholder in the company with 12.90% shareholding.


title: Tata Power

text: The equity shares of Tata Power are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, and the National Stock Exchange of India, where it is a constituent of the NIFTY 50.Its Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) are listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.


title: Fertility

text: Fertility is the capability to produce offspring through reproduction following the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by a female during her lifetime and is quantified demographically. Fertility is addressed when there is a difficulty or an inability to reproduce naturally, which is referred to as infertility. Infertility is widespread, with fertility specialists available all over the world to assist mothers and couples who experience difficulties having a baby.


title: Fertility

text: Human fertility depends on factors of nutrition, sexual behaviour, consanguinity, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, personality, way of life, and emotions.


title: Fertility

text: Fertility differs from fecundity, which is defined as the "potential" for reproduction (influenced by gamete production, fertilization and carrying a pregnancy to term). Where a woman or the lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility.


title: Fertility

text: In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to produce which is termed fecundity. While fertility can be measured, fecundity cannot be. Demographers measure the fertility rate in a variety of ways, which can be broadly broken into "period" measures and "cohort" measures. "Period" measures refer to a cross-section of the population in one year. "Cohort" data on the other hand, follows the same people over a period of decades. Both period and cohort measures are widely used.


title: Fertility

text: A parent's number of children strongly correlates with the number of children that each person in the next generation will eventually have. Factors generally associated with increased fertility include religiosity, intention to have children, and maternal support. Factors generally associated with decreased fertility include wealth, education, female labor participation, urban residence, cost of housing, intelligence, increased female age and (to a lesser degree) increased male age.


title: Fertility

text: The "Three-step Analysis" of the fertility process was introduced by Kingsley Davis and Judith Blake in 1956 and makes use of three proximate determinants: The economic analysis of fertility is part of household economics, a field that has grown out of the New Home Economics. Influential economic analyses of fertility include Becker (1960), Mincer (1963), and Easterlin (1969). The latter developed the Easterlin hypothesis to account for the Baby Boom.


title: Fertility

text: Bongaarts proposed a model where the total fertility rate of a population can be calculated from four proximate determinants and the total fecundity (TF). The index of marriage (Cm), the index of contraception (Cc), the index of induced abortion (Ca) and the index of postpartum infecundability (Ci). These indices range from 0 to 1. The higher the index, the higher it will make the TFR, for example a population where there are no induced abortions would have a Ca of 1, but a country where everybody used infallible contraception would have a Cc of 0.


title: Fertility

text: These four indices can also be used to calculate the total marital fertility (TMFR) and the total natural fertility (TN).


title: Fertility

text: Women have hormonal cycles which determine when they can achieve pregnancy. The cycle is approximately twenty-eight days long, with a fertile period of five days per cycle, but can deviate greatly from this norm. Men are fertile continuously, but their sperm quality is affected by their health, frequency of ejaculation, and environmental factors.


title: Fertility

text: Fertility declines with age in both sexes. For women, the decline begins around the age of 32, and becomes precipitous at age 37. For men, potency and sperm quality begins to decline around the age of 40. Even if an older couple does manage to conceive a child, the pregnancy will be increasingly difficult for the mother, and carries a higher risk of birth defects and genetic disorders for the child.


title: Fertility

text: Pregnancy rates for sexual intercourse are highest when it occurs every 1 or 2 days, or every 2 or 3 days. Studies have found no significant difference between different sex positions and pregnancy rate, as long as it results in ejaculation into the vagina.


title: Fertility

text: A woman's menstrual cycle begins, as arbitrarily assigned, with menses. Next is the follicular phase where estrogen levels build as an ovum matures (due to the follicular stimulating hormone, or FSH) within the ovary. When estrogen levels peak, it spurs a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) which completes maturation and enables the ovum to break through the ovary wall. This is ovulation. During the luteal phase following ovulation LH and FSH cause the post-ovulation ovary to develop into the corpus luteum which produces progesterone. The production of progesterone inhibits the LH and FSH hormones which (in a cycle without pregnancy) causes the corpus luteum to atrophy, and menses to begin the cycle again.


title: Fertility

text: Peak fertility occurs during just a few days of the cycle: usually two days before and two days after the ovulation date. This fertile window varies from woman to woman, just as the ovulation date often varies from cycle to cycle for the same woman. The ovule is usually capable of being fertilized for up to 48 hours after it is released from the ovary. Sperm survive inside the uterus between 48 and 72 hours on average, with the maximum being 120 hours (5 days).


title: Fertility

text: These periods and intervals are important factors for couples using the rhythm method of contraception.


title: Fertility

text: The average age of menarche in the United States is about 12.5 years. In postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory (ovulation does not actually take place) in the first year after menarche, 50% in the third and 10% in the sixth year.


title: Fertility

text: Menopause occurs during a woman's midlife between ages 48 and 55. During menopause, hormonal production by the ovaries is reduced, eventually causing a permanent cessation of the creation of the uterine lining (period). This is considered the end of the fertile phase of a woman's life.


title: Fertility

text: The predicted effect of age on female fertility in women trying to get pregnant, without using fertility drugs or in vitro fertilization:


title: Fertility

text: Studies of couples trying to conceive have yielded better results: one 2004 study of 770 European women found that 82% of 35- to 39-year-old women conceived within a year, while a study in 2013 of 2,820 Danish women saw 78% of 35- to 40-year-olds conceive within a year.


title: Fertility

text: According to an opinion by the Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, specific coital timing or position, and resting supine after intercourse have no significant impact on fertility. Sperm can be found in the cervical canal seconds after ejaculation, regardless of coital position.


title: Fertility

text: The use of fertility drugs and/or invitro fertilization can increase the chances of becoming pregnant at a later age. Successful pregnancies facilitated by fertility treatment have been documented in women as old as 67. Studies since 2004 have shown that mammals may continue to produce new eggs throughout their lives, rather than being born with a finite number as previously thought. Researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston say that if eggs are newly created each month in humans, current theories about the aging of the female reproductive system will have to be overhauled, although this is conjecture.


title: Fertility

text: According to the March of Dimes, "about 9 percent of recognized pregnancies for women aged 20 to 24 ended in miscarriage. The risk rose to about 20 percent at age 35 to 39, and more than 50 percent by age 42". Birth defects, especially those involving chromosome number and arrangement, also increase with the age of the mother. The March of Dimes reports "At age 25, your risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is 1 in 1,340. At age 30, your risk is 1 in 940. At age 35, your risk is 1 in 353. At age 40, your risk is 1 in 85. At age 45, your risk is 1 in 35."


title: Fertility

text: Some research suggests that older males have decreased semen volume, sperm motility, and impaired sperm morphology. In studies that controlled for female partner's age, comparisons between men under 30 and men over 50 found relative decreases in pregnancy rates between 23% and 38%. Sperm count declines with age, with men aged 50–80 years producing sperm at an average rate of 75% compared with men aged 20–50 years and larger differences exist in the number of seminiferous tubules in the testes containing mature sperm:


title: Fertility

text: Decline in male fertility is influenced by many factors, including lifestyle, environment and psychological factors.


title: Fertility

text: Some research suggests increased risks for health problems for children of older fathers, but no clear association has been proven. A large scale study in Israel suggested that the children of men 40 or older were 5.75 times more likely than children of men under 30 to have an autism spectrum disorder, controlling for year of birth, socioeconomic status, and maternal age. Increased paternal age has been suggested to correlate with schizophrenia but it is unproven.


title: Fertility

text: Australian researchers have found evidence to suggest obesity may cause subtle damage to sperm and prevent a healthy pregnancy. They reported fertilization was 40% less successful when the father was overweight.


title: Fertility

text: The American Fertility Society recommends an age limit for sperm donors of 50 years or less, and many fertility clinics in the United Kingdom will not accept donations from men over 40 or 45 years of age.


title: Fertility

text: The French pronatalist movement from 1919 to 1945 failed to convince French couples they had a patriotic duty to help increase their country's birthrate. Even the government was reluctant in its support to the movement. It was only between 1938 and 1939 that the French government became directly and permanently involved in the pronatalist effort. Although the birthrate started to surge in late 1941, the trend was not sustained. Falling birthrate once again became a major concern among demographers and government officials beginning in the 1970s. In mid-2018, there was a bill introduced to legalize single women and lesbian couples to get fertility treatment. At the beginning of 2020, the Senate approved the bill 160 votes to 116. They are a step closer to legalizing fertility treatments for all women regardless of sexual orientation or marital status. Soon there will be no reason for lesbian couples or single women to travel to be able to start their own family.


title: Fertility

text: From 1800 to 1940, fertility fell in the US. There was a marked decline in fertility in the early 1900s, associated with improved contraceptives, greater access to contraceptives and sexuality information and the "first" sexual revolution in the 1920s.


title: Fertility

text: After 1940 fertility suddenly started going up again, reaching a new peak in 1957. After 1960, fertility started declining rapidly. In the Baby Boom years (1946–1964), women married earlier and had their babies sooner; the number of children born to mothers after age 35 did not increase.


title: Fertility

text: After 1960, new methods of contraception became available, ideal family size fell, from 3 to 2 children. Couples postponed marriage and first births, and they sharply reduced the number of third and fourth births.


title: Fertility

text: Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a person to contribute to conception. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: In Thailand, cannabis, known by the name "Ganja" (; ) was decriminalized on June 9, 2022. Medical use, with patients requiring a prescription, has been made legal since 2018. Since 2022, the Thai Food and Drug Administration officially removed cannabis plant from the Category 5 narcotics list. Possession, cultivation, distribution, consumption, and sales of all cannabis plant parts are legal. Cannabis extracts and cannabis products (including edibles, food supplements, cosmetics, etc.) containing THC more than 0.2% by weight are still categorized as narcotics. Import and export of cannabis are still highly regulated. Recreational use of cannabis products is discouraged but legal. There is no restriction on THC content for cannabis plant parts. Sales of cannabis plant parts, products, and edibles are prohibited to minors (< 20 years old), pregnant women, and breastfeeding women. Cannabis smoke is considered a public nuisance and thus prohibited in public areas.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: Cannabis appears to have been introduced to Thailand from India, with the similarity of the Thai name to the Indian term "ganja" cited as evidence. Cannabis has historically been used in Southeast Asia as an ingredient, a kitchen condiment, a medicine, and a source of fiber. Laborers were known to use it as a muscle relaxer. It was reportedly used to ease women's labor pains.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: On 8 May 2022, Thailand's health minister Anutin Charnvirakul announced in a Facebook post that the government will distribute one million free cannabis plants to households across the country, starting June 9. The move is said to be a step further into Thailand's plan to use cannabis as a cash crop.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: The possession, cultivation, sale, and use of cannabis was criminalized by the Cannabis Act 2477 BE (1935) and again by the Narcotics Act 2522 BE (1979). In 2018, Thailand became the first Asian nation to legalize medical cannabis.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: Cannabis became decriminalized and smoking/vaping at public places can still attract penalty/ imprisonment under public nuisance .


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: Cannabis dispensaries were available as early as April 2022. On June 9, 2022, all cannabis plant parts were entirely removed from the narcotic list, decriminalizing all cannabis-related crime. Around 4,200 prisoners were released as a result of the decriminalization on the same day.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: There is no restriction on the consumption of cannabis plant parts, however, cannabis oils and tinctures with over 0.2% THC are still considered to be illegal. Consumption of these extracts is only reserved for medical use under prescription. Cannabis smoking is legal for personal use in private areas but prohibited in public areas by the Public Health Act 2535 BE (1992) with the fine being up to 25,000 Baht (~US$700) and or imprisonment for up to 3 months.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: There is currently no restrictions on how many plants each individual can cultivate. The specific law regulating cannabis is still pending in Thai parliament as of September 2022. However, the government urges people to register their cannabis plantation on the website or the application "Plookganja" (meaning "Let's grow cannabis") in case that the future cannabis law may require the license.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: Thai law essentially excludes all foreign companies as well as foreign majority companies incorporated in Thailand from producing, selling, importing, exporting, and processing cannabis. The move has been viewed as an effort to protect local companies from the onslaught of highly resourceful and modern technology equipped foreign actors, however "imported" strains are widely available.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: On 11 May, Thailand's first two full-time clinics dispensing cannabis oil for medical treatment were inaugurated. The move is in line with the government's intentions to promote licensed use of medical marijuana to address various health conditions. These two clinics are an addition to 25 part-time clinics that are operating since the legalization of the drug under the new legislation.


title: Cannabis in Thailand

text: If this experience produces promising results, the government is all set to open two more clinics as a part of a planned nationwide network of marijuana clinics. The people who were using illegal expensive medical marijuana from underground suppliers are most likely to benefit from it. In addition, the FDA has approved all hospitals of the Public Health Ministry to prescribe medical cannabis to people with approved medical conditions.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi (historically spelled Comassie or Coomassie, usually spelled Kumase in Twi) is a city in the Ashanti Region, and is among the largest metropolitan areas in Ghana. Kumasi is located in a rain forest region near Lake Bosomtwe, and is the commercial, industrial, and cultural capital of the historical Ashanti Empire. Kumasi is approximately north of the Equator and north of the Gulf of Guinea. Kumasi is alternatively known as "The Garden City" because of its many species of flowers and plants in the past. It is also called Oseikrom (Osei Tutu's the first town).


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi is the second-largest city in Ghana, after the capital, Accra. The Central Business District of Kumasi includes areas such as Adum, Bantama, Asawasi, Pampaso and Bompata (popularly called Roman Hill), with a concentration of banks, department stalls, and hotels. Economic activities in Kumasi include financial and commercial sectors, pottery, clothing and textiles. There is a significant timber processing community in Kumasi serving the domestic market. Bantama High Street and Prempeh II Street in Bantama and Adum, respectively, are the business and entertainment hubs in Kumasi.


title: Kumasi

text: There is evidence that the area around Kumasi has been kept cleared since the Neolithic age and that the first human settlement was at Lake Bosomtwe.


title: Kumasi

text: The name derives from the Twi language, meaning 'under the Kum tree'. The word "ase" or "asi" means 'under', 'down' or 'below', and is used in many place names in Ghana, such as Obuasi, Daboase, and Kenyasi.


title: Kumasi

text: Around the end of the 17th century, the Ashanti Kingdom's chief fetish Priest, Okomfo Anokye planted three "kum" trees at different places: one at Kwaaman, ruled by the Nananom Ayokofuo; a second one at Apemso-Bankofo, ruled by Nananom Aduanafuo; and a third at a village near Fomena and Amoafo called Oboani, which was ruled by Nananom Ɛkoɔnafuo. Komfuo wanted to see which of these would become a great city for the kingdom, as he was directed by the oracles. The "kum" tree at Kwaaman flourished so vigorously that the King and his people often sat underneath, and so Kwaaman became Kum-ase, meaning 'under "kum".


title: Kumasi

text: The tree at Oboani was, however, very tiny and for no apparent reason was relatively short. According to oral tradition, this small tree produced other trees which were all small in size. The name of the village was changed to Kuma, meaning 'small "kum".


title: Kumasi

text: The "kum" tree at Apemso-Bankofo did not grow at all. After a few weeks the leaves rotted and the tree fell down; so it was said that the village's "kum" tree was dead, and the village became Kum-awu, later Kumawu.


title: Kumasi

text: The city rose to prominence in 1695 when it became capital of the Ashanti Empire due to the activities of its ruler Osei Tutu. The ruler of Kumasi, known as the Asantehene, also served as ruler of the empire. With their 1701 victory over Denkyira the Ashanti empire became the primary state among the Ashantis. Parts of the city, including the then royal residence, were burnt by the British in the Third Anglo-Ashanti War of 1874.


title: Kumasi

text: Lady Mary Alice Hodgson, the first English lady to visit Ashanti, wrote "The Siege of Kumasi", an account of the siege of the fort by the nationals of Ashanti and of the subsequent march to the coast. (She was the daughter of Hon. W. A. G. Young, C.M.G., former governor of the Gold Coast, and the wife of Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson, K.C.M.G., the governor of the Gold Coast in 1900.)


title: Kumasi

text: In 1926, following the return of the Ashanti King Prempeh I after a 30-year exile, Kumasi was restored as the ceremonial control over the Ashanti sub-states .The full role of king was restored by the colonial administration in 1935. The city holds an important place in the history of the Ashanti people, as legend claims that it was here Okomfo Anokye received the golden stool.


title: Kumasi

text: The city features a tropical wet and dry climate, with relatively constant temperatures throughout the course of the year. Kumasi averages around 1400 mm (55") of rain per year.


title: Kumasi

text: The city almost features two rainy seasons: a longer season from March through July and a shorter rainy season from September to November.


title: Kumasi

text: The months of February through to November is one long wet season, with a relative lull in precipitation in August. Similar to the rest of West Africa, Kumasi experiences the harmattan during the "low sun" months. Lasting from December to February, the harmattan is the primary source of the city's dry season.


title: Kumasi

text: Like other parts of Ghana, Kumasi has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification "Aw"), with a wet season and a dry season and the temperature being hot year-round. The average annual high temperature is , while the average annual low temperature is . The hottest time of year is from February to May, around the time the wet season starts. February has the highest average high at . April has the highest average low at . August has the lowest average high at . January has the lowest average low at .


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi receives of rain over 128 precipitation days, with a distinct wet and dry season like the rest of Ghana. The dry season is short, lasting from November to February. June, the wettest month, receives of rainfall over 17 precipitation days on average. Kumasi receives 1951.8 hours of sunshine annually on average, with the sunshine being distributed fairly evenly across the year, with a noticeable dip from June to October. March receives the most sunshine, while August receives the least.


title: Kumasi

text: Features of the city include Fort Kumasi (built by in 1896 to replace an Asante fort and now a museum) and the Kumasi Hat Museum.


title: Kumasi

text: Royal Asante attractions include the Kumasi National Cultural Centre (including the Prempeh II Jubilee Museum with Asante regalia with a reproduction of the golden stool), the Okomfo Anokye Sword, the Asantehene's Palace (built in 1972), and the Manhyia Palace, dating from 1925, now a museum.


title: Kumasi

text: Among the places of worship, which are predominantly Christian churches and temples, are: Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Church of the Province of West Africa, (Anglican Communion), Seventh-day Adventist Church Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Christ Apostolic Church International (which was the first Pentecostal church in Ghana) Ghana Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Lighthouse Chapel International, Church of Pentecost, Assemblies of God, and Catholic Church Archdiocese of Kumasi (Catholic Church). There are also Muslim mosques which include: Kumasi Central mosque, Ahmadiyya mosque, Alhaj mosque, Kaase-Nhyiaeso mosque and Rahman mosque.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi has 50% of the timber industry of Ghana, and the Kaasi Industrial Area plays an important role in the local industry. The Guinness Ghana Breweries is based in Kumasi.


title: Kumasi

text: Solar panels are prevalent in Kumasi and throughout the Ashanti region. Solar energy technology is a major energy source and contributor of electricity generation in region.


title: Kumasi

text: Much of the shopping and trading activity in the city takes place at Kumasi's shopping streets, in and around Kejetia Market and Adum. These two areas – Kejetia and Adum – have a common boundary. There is also heavy economic activities at Bantama and Asafo. Asafo in particular is the printing hub of Kumasi. Most of the printing done in Kumasi and Ashanti Region as a whole is done at Asafo. Kumasi's Ahwiaa (a sub-town in Kumasi) is also well noted for its wood carvings and arts.


title: Kumasi

text: There are both government-assisted primary schools in Kumasi and also private primary schools in Kumasi which educate boys and girls between the ages from 6 to 15.


title: Kumasi

text: There are elite all-boys and all-girls senior high schools such as Prempeh College, Opoku Ware School, Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School and St. Louis Senior High School in Kumasi. There are also many elite mixed senior high schools such as Kumasi Academy and Anglican Senior High School, and a host of other public secondary schools, as well as their private counterparts in the city.


title: Kumasi

text: The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (formerly the Kumasi College of Technology) is the biggest university in the Ashanti Region and the first biggest in Ghana followed by the University of Ghana. Former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan attended this institution.


title: Kumasi

text: A number of other public and private universities and tertiary institutions have since been founded in Kumasi, some of which are listed below.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi is served by the Kumasi Airport. As of May 2020 two airlines offered regularly scheduled flights to Accra. Airlines servicing the airport included Africa World Airlines and Passion Air. In 2013, the Government of Ghana approved expansion plans to the Kumasi Airport to service international flights into the region. The renovation project will span three development stages, with all work expected to be completed by October 2022.


title: Kumasi

text: There is public transportation from Kumasi to major cities such as Accra; Tamale, Mim, Ahafo ; Cape Coast, Sunyani; Takoradi; Tema; Ho; Wa; Bolgatanga; Elubo; Aflao, Techiman;


title: Kumasi

text: Public transport in the city is provided by transit buses, a mix of privately owned mini-buses known as "tro-tros", taxicabs and buses. Tro-tros are usually converted mini-buses that run regular, well-known routes. Some taxis also run regular routes, which cost more but provide for a more comfortable ride.


title: Kumasi

text: In 2002, the city introduced the metro bus services, a rapid transit system for public road transport in Kumasi (MetroMass). This was to reduce congestion on roads and to make a larger and more organised bus routine system in the city.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi is served by the railway lines to Sekondi-Takoradi and Accra. The train service has been suspended for several years because of damaged track, bridges and locomotives. Currently, no trains run to and from Kumasi due to the collapse of the railway corporation. A $6 billion project to upgrade the railways was due to get underway in 2011.


title: Kumasi

text: The local football (soccer) team, the Kumasi Asante Kotoko has won several national and continental trophies and awards, and serves as a rival to the Accra-based Hearts of Oak. Their Kumasi Sports Stadium, also known as Baba Yara Stadium, was built in 1959, renovated in 1978, and again in 2007 with a seating capacity of 40,000. It is also the home of King Faisal Football Club, a premier division side.


title: Kumasi

text: There is the Royal Golf Club which has the Asantehene as president. Former Leeds United and Ghana national football team footballer Tony Yeboah and professional wrestler Kofi Kingston was born in Kumasi, by the real name Kofi Sarkodie-Mensah.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi has the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital to support medical training at the university, the West End Hospital, several other private hospitals, public clinics and hospitals. Recommended private medical facilities include Kumasi Rabito Clinic located at Ahondwo-Daban Kumasi behind the Unity Oil Filling Station.There is also the KNUST hospital that serves people in the university and surrounding communities.


title: Kumasi

text: Kumasi has four recreational parks which are opened to the public. The list of recreational parks are Abbey's Park which is located some few meters away from Kejetia, Jackson's Park, Hero's Park located on the same premises as the Baba Yara Sports Stadium, and finally the Rattray Park which was commissioned in 2015.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: LaCroix or La Croix ( ) is an American brand of sparkling water that originated in La Crosse, Wisconsin, by G. Heileman Brewing Company and is now distributed by National Beverage Corporation. Their flavors include various fruits and fruit blends.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: In February 1980, the G. Heileman Brewing Company, of La Crosse, Wisconsin, introduced LaCroix as one of the first "Anti-Perrier" brands. Meant to appeal to sparkling water consumers who were put off by Perrier's "snobbish positioning", LaCroix marketed to its niche by imaging itself as an "all occasion" beverage.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: The beverage fared well in popularity and sales in the surrounding Midwest region for the following decade. By 1992, the brand was estimated to be worth US$25 million. However, in the same year, due to Heileman's admitted lack of experience outside the beer market, it sold the brand to National Beverage (then Winterbrook).


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: In 2002, National Beverage sought to rebrand LaCroix and ended up settling on the design that was "least favored by management" but won over target consumers in a "landslide". Instead of staying with a clean and simple designs like other water brands, they found that a more bold and colorful approach was more appealing to their audience. The successful execution of the “anti-Perrier” strategy, in all its forms, has been a key factor enabling LaCroix to become one of the top sparkling water brands.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: Since the early 1990s, LaCroix had been a fairly well-known product in the Midwest United States. Then, in the spring of 2015, with sugary-soda sales plummeting to a 30-year low in the U.S., National Beverage saw an opportunity to expand their consumer base, subsequently launching a marketing campaign for the beverage on social media, specifically targeting millennials. Sales “exploded” as the brand developed a national “cult following.” Their marketing efforts have since helped position LaCroix with mainstream news outlets as a healthier alternative to sugary soda, as well as a mixer for popular cocktails.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: Sales records have never been publicly released, but market research suggests LaCroix holds a 30 percent market share in sparkling water sales in the United States, double that of its main competitor, Perrier.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: Nick Caporella, the company's CEO, was accused of sexual harassment by two former employee pilots who alleged inappropriate touching on more than 30 trips between 2014 and 2016. One lawsuit was settled out of court in January 2018, and one was still pending as of July 2018.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: In October 2018 a class action lawsuit was filed by Chicago law firm Beaumont Costales regarding the "all natural" branding, claiming that LaCroix uses synthetic ingredients including ethyl butanoate, limonene and linalool propionate. The company responded that "all the flavor essences in LaCroix are natural." The plaintiff has since withdrawn the lawsuit and retracted its claims.


title: La Croix Sparkling Water

text: Another lawsuit was filed in the Southern District of New York on January 29, 2019, alleging violations of New York’s Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The lawsuit's claims are based on isotope analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry tests conducted by The Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia. This claim was also voluntarily dropped in September 2020. A similar lawsuit was filed against Polar Beverages in September 2019 regarding its "100% natural" marketing.


title: Norman's Cay

text: Norman's Cay is a small Bahamian island (a few hundred hectares) in the Exumas, a chain of islands south and east of Nassau, that served as the headquarters for Carlos Lehder's drug smuggling operation from 1978 until around 1982.