title: 2:22 A Ghost Story

text: The play made its U.S. premiere with a run at the Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles from October 29 to December 4, 2022. This production would star Constance Wu as Jenny, Anna Camp as Lauren, Adam Rothenberg as Sam, Finn Wittrock as Ben, and recast the setting to Boston.


title: 2:22 A Ghost Story

text: Jenny and her husband Sam have recently bought a large house that they are renovating. For several nights, at exactly 2:22 am, she hears the sound of someone moving around the house, often via the baby monitor in her daughter's bedroom, and becomes convinced the house is haunted. Sam, being an ardent skeptic and having been away on a work trip, insists there are more mundane explanations for the noises. The couple hosts a dinner party for Lauren, an old college friend of theirs, and Ben, her new boyfriend with an open mind for the supernatural. After discussing the strange noises, Jenny persuades the others to stay up until 2:22 to see what happens.


title: 2:22 A Ghost Story

text: In "The Guardian", Kate Wyver wrote, "With a brilliant sense of mounting dread and just the right number of jump-scares, Danny Robins' new ghost story is a slick, chilling romp of a play", adding, "You wouldn't know this is Allen's first time acting in the West End. She is strong as the frantic, afraid and exhausted Jen [...] though it's in her moments of stillness that the fear best finds its way in". She described the cast as "gleaming", noting "Fraser's Sam is so realistic it's hard to believe he's acting", that Wood "revels in [his role of Ben], drawing out the humour and diving into the mysticism", and that "Chan does a brilliant balancing act, shifting Lauren's loyalties throughout the night". Wyver praised Robins' script, finding it "sharp, quick, and cleverly layered with clues. While his handling of horror is nothing new, it's done smartly, toying with the tropes. In one of the most chilling scenes, absolutely nothing happens yet the grand old room is electric with the fear of expectation". She was less impressed with "an overuse of deafening fox screams" and found that "arguments occasionally escalate into one-note yelling" but judged that "neither of these things do much to detract from the steadily growing tension". Overall, she decided, "This show is not scary enough to cause nightmares, nor is it gruesome or graphic or gory; it's more human than the creepiest horror movies. But there are genuinely chilling moments, scary enough that the whole theatre is tense and pin-drop quiet. [...] Scary enough, perhaps, to have you turn on the light the next time you hear an unusual sound at night, just to check the time".


title: 2:22 A Ghost Story

text: Reviewing the play for "The Independent", Annabel Nugent wrote, "Allen is superb as Jenny. Exhaustion thrums a fraction below her palpable fear – just visible enough in her performance to have you questioning Jenny's version of events. And while it may be Allen who everyone has come to see, she isn't bearing the weight alone", adding, "Fraser embodies the role of his condescending character so fully that you come away hating him just a little", noting that "Wood steals scenes as Ben, giving the comedic character punchlines that stick, as well as an unforeseen likeability", and judging that Chan "confidently treads a delicate line in one of the more complicated parts". Nugent also found Robins's script "tight and layered. On-stage action waxes and wanes but the mounting sense of dread is relentless" adding that he "is well-versed in what makes scary stories scarier, and uses that to brilliant effect here" and praising his "adept writing of emotionally charged two-handers, which provide a useful toehold into the characters’ psychological universe". She concluded, "Much more than simply a successful first foray into theatre for one British singer, "2:22" stands on its own merits. Bar a handful of genuinely terrifying moments, it's hardly "The Exorcist", but maybe that's for the best. There are enough scary things happening in the world right now to keep us up at night".


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Kapamilya Channel (stylized as Kapamilya channel) is a 24-hour Philippine pay television network owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, a company under Lopez Holdings Corporation owned by the López family. The network is headquartered at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City where it started broadcasting on June 13, 2020, at 5:30 a.m. with "Kapamilya Daily Mass" as its first program also marking its parent company's 74th anniversary. A separate high definition 1080i resolution channel began broadcasting the same day. The network serves as the replacement of the main terrestrial ABS-CBN network after ceasing its free-to-air broadcast operations as ordered by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) on May 5, 2020, due to the expiration of its legislative franchise. It carries most of programs that ABS-CBN aired prior to the shutdown. Its studios are located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Sergeant Esguerra Avenue, Barangay South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: The channel is available through most cable providers who are members of the Philippine Cable and Telecommunications Association (PCTA) (including ABS-CBN's Sky Cable) and through direct broadcast satellite television service providers Sky Direct (until June 30, 2020), G Sat, and since October 21, 2020 through Cignal and SatLite. This allowed ABS-CBN to continue producing and distributing content while the outcome of their congressional franchise application was still pending at that time since the NTC's cease and desist order for the network only covers Channel 2 (which is now owned and operated by Advanced Media Broadcasting System as ALLTV) and all of its free-to-air television and radio stations. The network's franchise renewal has since rejected by the House of Representatives on July 10, 2020, voted 70–11 to deny. The network also streams live and makes most of its shows available on the streaming service iWantTFC. On August 1, 2020, the network officially launched the "Kapamilya Online Live", which livestreams some of contents from Kapamilya Channel and Jeepney TV on the online video-sharing platforms Facebook and YouTube. Although the network itself is available only in the Philippines, most of its local programs are available on ABS-CBN's international subscription service The Filipino Channel via cable, satellite, online and IPTV.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Unlike the main terrestrial ABS-CBN that signs off during the overnight hours, Kapamilya Channel operates 24/7 with "Movie Central Presents" shown during the overnight slots except during the overnight hours of the Paschal Triduum courtesy of the Holy Week in the Philippines wherein it signs off at "Good Friday" and "Black Saturday" from midnight to 6:00 a.m. Its sign-off is not the same as the main terrestrial ABS-CBN, which only shows the telop bumper of the said channel instead of airing a station notice and the playing of the Philippine national anthem.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: The channel, along with TeleRadyo, broadcasts the daily Three O'Clock Prayer () similar to the main terrestrial ABS-CBN.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Kapamilya Channel features shows that have aired or were slated to air on ABS-CBN whose productions were suspended due to the Luzon enhanced community quarantine in March 2020 as well as the ensuing uncertainty following the NTC's cease and desist order. These include the variety shows "It's Showtime" (with new segments) and "ASAP Natin 'To"; the second season of singing competition "The Voice Teens"; teleseryes "Ang Probinsyano", "Love Thy Woman", and "A Soldier's Heart"; and morning talk show "Magandang Buhay". Two new public service programs, "Paano Kita Mapasasalamatan?" hosted by Judy Ann Santos, and "Iba 'Yan" hosted by Angel Locsin, made their debut on Kapamilya Channel.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Contrary to earlier news reports, ABS-CBN's primary news program, "TV Patrol", as well as several news and current affairs programs, was not initially aired on the Kapamilya Channel (as it did through the free-to-air channel) until after July 24, 2020; the program did air exclusively on TeleRadyo, ANC, and Cine Mo! and streamed through the ABS-CBN News' Facebook page and YouTube channel until the said date. The delayed telecast of ANC's "The World Tonight" also began to air at 10:00 p.m. on the following Monday, July 27, 2020, making the two longest-running Filipino and English language evening newscasts in the country airing on the same channel once again since 1999. The morning simulcast of TeleRadyo's programming (which was also aired on ABS-CBN as a provisionary morning program prior to the shutdown) on the schedule remained the same. An evening 30-minute "News Patrol" program was aired on the Kapamilya Channel until July 24, 2020.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: New offerings such as the Thai hit "" premiered on July 27, 2020. It is the first Thai boy's love series to be acquired by ABS-CBN through a partnership of Dreamscape Entertainment and GMMTV. "Still 2gether", the sequel of the said show, aired on August 15, 2020, with a one-day delayed telecast from Thailand. Other upcoming shows such as the Thai dramas "Come To Me" and "I'm Tee, Me Too" are also expected to air as part of the acquired Thai programs. On September 12, 2020, the network launched the "Just Love Kids", a children's programming block focusing on educational programs and animated series that have previously aired on ABS-CBN, Knowledge Channel, and the now-defunct Yey! channel. The children's show "Team Yey!" premiered its new fifth season for the first time on Kapamilya Channel.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On August 17, 2020, the series "Ang sa Iyo ay Akin" was the first original digital teleserye to be broadcast on "Kapamilya Channel" and Kapamilya Online Live during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the scenes were shot in the ABS-CBN Soundstage inside the Horizon IT Park in Bulacan.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On October 10, 2020, selected programs from Kapamilya Channel are also aired on A2Z Channel 11, a free-to-air television channel joint venture between ABS-CBN and ZOE Broadcasting Network through a blocktime agreement.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On October 21, 2020, Kapamilya Channel became available on Cignal owned by MediaQuest Holdings, the owner of ABS-CBN's rival TV5, to expand more viewers of the said channel. From January 24, 2021, selected Kapamilya Channel programming have also started simulcasted on TV5 as part of an agreement between the network, Cignal TV and ABS-CBN.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On March 18, 2021, ABS-CBN and WeTV iflix announced a partnership to bring primetime programs, including "FPJ's Ang Probinsyano" to the two streaming platforms starting March 20, with early access for subscribed users. Episodes of ABS-CBN shows are made available on WeTV and iflix VIP two days before it airs on local TV.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Online streaming on their channel's official website (until November 13, 2020) and Kapamilya Online Live (with the exception of iWantTFC) does not include contents such as acquired programming, movie blocks and overnight programming, as the live streaming itself only airs original programming due to copyright restrictions.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: Kapamilya Online Live is a web-based channel owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation that launched on August 1, 2020, and livestreams on Facebook and YouTube. On Facebook, the shows are streamed on regular timeslots with some scheduled commentary breaks between timeblocks. On YouTube, it streams throughout the day from 6:00 a.m. to midnight (except during TV special events). Livestreaming of shows on both platforms are available exclusively in the Philippines and it airs a variety of ABS-CBN's old shows from Jeepney TV and other exclusive online shows.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On August 1, 2021, "Kapamilya Online Live" became accessible worldwide and streams 24-hours with classic series (weekdays), Star Cinema movies and specials (weekends) aired throughout the midnight programming.


title: Kapamilya Channel

text: On February 22, 2021, Kapamilya Online Live started to offer a video on demand service of its shows accessible for seven days after their original streaming date.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: The scaled agile framework (SAFe) is a set of organization and workflow patterns intended to guide enterprises in scaling lean and agile practices. Along with large-scale Scrum (LeSS) and disciplined agile delivery (DAD), SAFe is one of a growing number of frameworks that seek to address the problems encountered when scaling beyond a single team.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: SAFe promotes alignment, collaboration, and delivery across large numbers of agile teams. It was developed by and for practitioners, by leveraging three primary bodies of knowledge: agile software development, lean product development, and systems thinking.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: The primary reference for the scaled agile framework was originally the development of a "big picture" view of how work flowed from product management (or other stakeholders), through governance, program, and development teams, out to customers. With the collaboration of others in the agile community, this was progressively refined and then first formally described in a 2007 book. The framework continues to be developed and shared publicly; with an academy and an accreditation scheme supporting those who seek to implement, support, or train others in the adoption of SAFe.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: Starting at its first release in 2011, five major versions have been released while the latest edition, version 5.1, was released in February 2021.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: While SAFe continues to be recognised as the most common approach to scaling agile practices (at 30 percent and growing), it also has received criticism for being too hierarchical and inflexible.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: Development teams typically refine their backlog up to two to three iterations ahead, but in larger organizations the product marketing team needs to plan further ahead for their commitments to market and discussions with customers. They will often work with a very high level, 12 to 18-month roadmap, then plan collaboratively with the teams for three months of work. The development teams will still get into detailed refinement 2-3 iterations ahead, only getting into detailed task plans for the next iteration.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: While development teams have a number of frameworks that define how they should be agile, there is very little that describes this for management. SAFe delivers many of the same principles, such as cross-functional teams, to the groups that handle the more abstract levels of responsibility and planning (product and portfolio).


title: Scaled agile framework

text: In Scrum, the product owner is expected to assume responsibility for the full product life-cycle, including the return on investment of development decisions, as well as performance in market. On large-scale developments, the organization wants a view across multiple team backlogs, such as provided by a product manager. Although SAFe assumes the product owner role sits with product management, it has nonetheless been criticized for separating product owners into the development organization.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: Agile frameworks are designed to enable the development team to be autonomous and free to design how they work. SAFe acknowledges that, at the scale of many tens or hundreds of development teams, it becomes increasingly chaotic for teams to fully self-organize. It therefore puts some constraints on this, so that where teams are working on the same product, their deliverables can be better synchronized for releasing together, although this has been one area in which SAFe has been criticized.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: The SAFe planning cycle recommends including an additional iteration after a release, allowing teams to improve their practices and are ready for the next planning increment. Earlier editions of SAFe also designed this to be a "hardening" iteration, namely to stabilize or harden the product before releasing it. This was predicated on the complications of working with large integration environments where dependencies prevented several matters from being tested until the very end. SAFe was criticized for this because it represented an anti-agile or waterfall element, but was in line with lean 90-day increments which make 13 weeks, and if doing two-week sprints you need six of them plus a one-week planning or hardening cycle. This is not included in recent editions of SAFe.


title: Scaled agile framework

text: According to its authors, SAFe is based upon ten underlying concepts, which are derived from existing lean and agile principles, as well as observation:


title: Chili's

text: Chili's Grill & Bar is an American casual dining restaurant chain. The company was founded by Larry Lavine in Texas in 1975 and is currently owned and operated by Brinker International.


title: Chili's

text: Chili's first location, a converted postal station on Greenville Avenue in the Vickery Meadows area of Dallas, Texas, opened in 1975. The original Chili's on Greenville Avenue moved to a new building on the same site in 1981 before relocating again in 2007.


title: Chili's

text: Lavine's concept was to create an informal, full-service dining restaurant with a menu featuring different types of hamburgers offered at an affordable price. The brand proved successful, and by the early 1980s, there were 28 Chili's locations in the region, all featuring similar Southwest decor.


title: Chili's

text: In 1983, Lavine sold the company to restaurant executive Norman E. Brinker, formerly of the Pillsbury restaurant group that owned Bennigan's.


title: Chili's

text: Chili's serves American food, Tex-Mex cuisine and dishes influenced by Mexican cuisine, such as spicy shrimp tacos, quesadillas, fajitas.


title: Chili's

text: In addition to their regular menu, the company offers a nutritional menu, allergen menu, and vegetarian menu. In 2016, the "Sunrise Burger" (which includes an egg) and the "Ultimate Bacon Burger" were added to the menu.


title: Chili's

text: In 1990, a breakfast menu consisting of pancakes, waffles, French toast, toast, cereal, eggs and bacon, scrambled eggs, and omelets was added to Chili's.


title: Chili's

text: "Chili's (Welcome to Chili's!)" is an advertising jingle used in Chili's Restaurant commercials to advertise the restaurant's line of baby back ribs. The song was written by Guy Bommarito and produced by Tom Faulkner Productions for GSD&M Advertising of Austin, Texas. Faulkner sings both "I want my baby back, baby back, baby back...", as well as the melodic theme. The deep "Bar-B-Q sauce" line was sung by famed New York bass vocalist Willie McCoy. A 1996 rendition of the jingle features a doo-wop quartet, Take 6, singing a cappella. "Advertising Age" magazine named the song first on its list of "10 songs most likely to get stuck in your head" in 2004. In October 2017, the jingle was revived to advertise Chili's new menu, where it was re-conceptualized as "Oh Baby, Chili's is Back (Baby, Back, Baby, Back)".


title: Chili's

text: In 2008, the chain aired parody ads for "P. J. Bland's", a fictional restaurant chain with cardboard foods.


title: Chili's

text: In September 2017, Chili's dropped about 40 percent of its menu items to focus on burgers, ribs, and fajitas.


title: Chili's

text: In February 2020, Chili's announced a new marketing campaign encouraging people to "laugh so hard you pee a little." The new campaign was focused on "Out to 'Ita" and used elements of ASMR.


title: Chili's

text: As of 2015, they have 1,580 locations worldwide, including 839 that are company-owned and 741 that are franchised.


title: Chili's

text: In October 2008, a Chili's Australia franchise was prosecuted and fined A$300,000 by the NSW Office of Industrial Relations for underpaying staff, pressuring employees to sign an Australian workplace agreement, and failing to pay A$45,000 in owed wages by a deadline set by the Office of Industrial Relations. In the same year, Chili's announced that it would be permanently closing all of its Australian locations indefinitely due to poor sales, unprofitability, and due to the company failing to comply with the Fair Work Act 2009.


title: Chili's

text: Chili's was a key location in "The Office" season 2 episode "The Client". The episode shows Michael and Jan meeting a client at a local Chili's restaurant after Michael had changed the location of the meeting from Radisson citing Chili's as ”the new golf course”. The Chili's jingle was also used in "" where "Fat Bastard" meets "Dr. Evil" with the mojo belonging to "Austin Powers". When he sees "Mini-Me" walk out with the money, startling him, he tries to eat him, thinking he is a baby. After attempting to eat Mini-Me, Fat Bastard suggests that Dr. Evil keeps the mojo, and he gets the baby, and then sings the "Chili's Babyback Ribs song".


title: Energy level

text: A quantum mechanical system or particle that is bound—that is, confined spatially—can only take on certain discrete values of energy, called energy levels. This contrasts with classical particles, which can have any amount of energy. The term is commonly used for the energy levels of the electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules, which are bound by the electric field of the nucleus, but can also refer to energy levels of nuclei or vibrational or rotational energy levels in molecules. The energy spectrum of a system with such discrete energy levels is said to be quantized.


title: Energy level

text: In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or principal energy level, may be thought of as the orbit of one or more electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the " shell" (also called "K shell"), followed by the " shell" (or "L shell"), then the " shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond with the principal quantum numbers ("n" = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with letters used in the X-ray notation (K, L, M, N...).


title: Energy level

text: Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. The general formula is that the "n"th shell can in principle hold up to 2"n" electrons. Since electrons are electrically attracted to the nucleus, an atom's electrons will generally occupy outer shells only if the more inner shells have already been completely filled by other electrons. However, this is not a strict requirement: atoms may have two or even three incomplete outer shells. (See Madelung rule for more details.) For an explanation of why electrons exist in these shells see electron configuration.


title: Energy level

text: If the potential energy is set to zero at infinite distance from the atomic nucleus or molecule, the usual convention, then bound electron states have negative potential energy.


title: Energy level

text: If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the "ground state". If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be "excited", or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are "excited". An energy level is regarded as degenerate if there is more than one measurable quantum mechanical state associated with it.


title: Energy level

text: Quantized energy levels result from the wave behavior of particles, which gives a relationship between a particle's energy and its wavelength. For a confined particle such as an electron in an atom, the wave functions that have well defined energies have the form of a standing wave. States having well-defined energies are called stationary states because they are the states that do not change in time. Informally, these states correspond to a whole number of wavelengths of the wavefunction along a closed path (a path that ends where it started), such as a circular orbit around an atom, where the number of wavelengths gives the type of atomic orbital (0 for s-orbitals, 1 for p-orbitals and so on). Elementary examples that show mathematically how energy levels come about are the particle in a box and the quantum harmonic oscillator.


title: Energy level

text: Any superposition (linear combination) of energy states is also a quantum state, but such states change with time and do not have well-defined energies. A measurement of the energy results in the collapse of the wavefunction, which results in a new state that consists of just a single energy state. Measurement of the possible energy levels of an object is called spectroscopy.


title: Energy level

text: The first evidence of quantization in atoms was the observation of spectral lines in light from the sun in the early 1800s by Joseph von Fraunhofer and William Hyde Wollaston. The notion of energy levels was proposed in 1913 by Danish physicist Niels Bohr in the Bohr theory of the atom. The modern quantum mechanical theory giving an explanation of these energy levels in terms of the Schrödinger equation was advanced by Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg in 1926.


title: Energy level

text: In the formulas for energy of electrons at various levels given below in an atom, the zero point for energy is set when the electron in question has completely left the atom, i.e. when the electron's principal quantum number . When the electron is bound to the atom in any closer value of , the electron's energy is lower and is considered negative.


title: Energy level

text: Assume there is one electron in a given atomic orbital in a hydrogen-like atom (ion). The energy of its state is mainly determined by the electrostatic interaction of the (negative) electron with the (positive) nucleus. The energy levels of an electron around a nucleus are given by :


title: Energy level

text: where is the Rydberg constant, is the atomic number, is the principal quantum number, is Planck's constant, and is the speed of light. For hydrogen-like atoms (ions) only, the Rydberg levels depend only on the principal quantum number .


title: Energy level

text: This equation is obtained from combining the Rydberg formula for any hydrogen-like element (shown below) with assuming that the principal quantum number above = in the Rydberg formula and (principal quantum number of the energy level the electron descends from, when emitting a photon). The Rydberg formula was derived from empirical spectroscopic emission data.


title: Energy level

text: An equivalent formula can be derived quantum mechanically from the time-independent Schrödinger equation with a kinetic energy Hamiltonian operator using a wave function as an eigenfunction to obtain the energy levels as eigenvalues, but the Rydberg constant would be replaced by other fundamental physics constants.


title: Energy level

text: If there is more than one electron around the atom, electron-electron-interactions raise the energy level. These interactions are often neglected if the spatial overlap of the electron wavefunctions is low.


title: Energy level

text: For multi-electron atoms, interactions between electrons cause the preceding equation to be no longer accurate as stated simply with as the atomic number. A simple (though not complete) way to understand this is as a shielding effect, where the outer electrons see an effective nucleus of reduced charge, since the inner electrons are bound tightly to the nucleus and partially cancel its charge. This leads to an approximate correction where is substituted with an effective nuclear charge symbolized as that depends strongly on the principal quantum number.


title: Energy level

text: In such cases, the orbital types (determined by the azimuthal quantum number ) as well as their levels within the molecule affect and therefore also affect the various atomic electron energy levels. The Aufbau principle of filling an atom with electrons for an electron configuration takes these differing energy levels into account. For filling an atom with electrons in the ground state, the lowest energy levels are filled first and consistent with the Pauli exclusion principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule.


title: Energy level

text: Fine structure arises from relativistic kinetic energy corrections, spin–orbit coupling (an electrodynamic interaction between the electron's spin and motion and the nucleus's electric field) and the Darwin term (contact term interaction of shell electrons inside the nucleus). These affect the levels by a typical order of magnitude of 10 eV.


title: Energy level

text: This even finer structure is due to electron–nucleus spin–spin interaction, resulting in a typical change in the energy levels by a typical order of magnitude of 10 eV.


title: Energy level

text: There is an interaction energy associated with the magnetic dipole moment, , arising from the electronic orbital angular momentum, , given by


title: Energy level

text: Due to relativistic effects (Dirac equation), there is a magnetic momentum, , arising from the electron spin


title: Energy level

text: Chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule form because they make the situation more stable for the involved atoms, which generally means the sum energy level for the involved atoms in the molecule is lower than if the atoms were not so bonded. As separate atoms approach each other to covalently bond, their orbitals affect each other's energy levels to form bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. The energy level of the bonding orbitals is lower, and the energy level of the antibonding orbitals is higher. For the bond in the molecule to be stable, the covalent bonding electrons occupy the lower energy bonding orbital, which may be signified by such symbols as σ or π depending on the situation. Corresponding anti-bonding orbitals can be signified by adding an asterisk to get σ* or π* orbitals. A non-bonding orbital in a molecule is an orbital with electrons in outer shells which do not participate in bonding and its energy level is the same as that of the constituent atom. Such orbitals can be designated as n orbitals. The electrons in an n orbital are typically lone pairs.


title: Energy level

text: Roughly speaking, a molecular energy state, i.e. an eigenstate of the molecular Hamiltonian, is the sum of the electronic, vibrational, rotational, nuclear, and translational components, such that:


title: Energy level

text: where is an eigenvalue of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian (the value of the potential energy surface) at the equilibrium geometry of the molecule.


title: Energy level

text: The molecular energy levels are labelled by the molecular term symbols. The specific energies of these components vary with the specific energy state and the substance.


title: Energy level

text: Electrons in atoms and molecules can change (make "transitions" in) energy levels by emitting or absorbing a photon (of electromagnetic radiation), whose energy must be exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels.


title: Energy level

text: Electrons can also be completely removed from a chemical species such as an atom, molecule, or ion. Complete removal of an electron from an atom can be a form of ionization, which is effectively moving the electron out to an orbital with an infinite principal quantum number, in effect so far away so as to have practically no more effect on the remaining atom (ion). For various types of atoms, there are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. ionization energies for removing the 1st, then the 2nd, then the 3rd, etc. of the highest energy electrons, respectively, from the atom originally in the ground state. Energy in corresponding opposite quantities can also be released, sometimes in the form of photon energy, when electrons are added to positively charged ions or sometimes atoms. Molecules can also undergo transitions in their vibrational or rotational energy levels. Energy level transitions can also be nonradiative, meaning emission or absorption of a photon is not involved.


title: Energy level

text: If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the "ground state". If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be "excited", or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are "excited". Such a species can be excited to a higher energy level by absorbing a photon whose energy is equal to the energy difference between the levels. Conversely, an excited species can go to a lower energy level by spontaneously emitting a photon equal to the energy difference. A photon's energy is equal to Planck's constant () times its frequency () and thus is proportional to its frequency, or inversely to its wavelength ().


title: Energy level

text: Correspondingly, many kinds of spectroscopy are based on detecting the frequency or wavelength of the emitted or absorbed photons to provide information on the material analyzed, including information on the energy levels and electronic structure of materials obtained by analyzing the spectrum.


title: Energy level

text: An asterisk is commonly used to designate an excited state. An electron transition in a molecule's bond from a ground state to an excited state may have a designation such as σ → σ*, π → π*, or n → π* meaning excitation of an electron from a σ bonding to a σ antibonding orbital, from a π bonding to a π antibonding orbital, or from an n non-bonding to a π antibonding orbital. Reverse electron transitions for all these types of excited molecules are also possible to return to their ground states, which can be designated as σ* → σ, π* → π, or π* → n.


title: Energy level

text: A transition in an energy level of an electron in a molecule may be combined with a vibrational transition and called a vibronic transition. A vibrational and rotational transition may be combined by rovibrational coupling. In rovibronic coupling, electron transitions are simultaneously combined with both vibrational and rotational transitions. Photons involved in transitions may have energy of various ranges in the electromagnetic spectrum, such as X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, or microwave radiation, depending on the type of transition. In a very general way, energy level differences between electronic states are larger, differences between vibrational levels are intermediate, and differences between rotational levels are smaller, although there can be overlap. Translational energy levels are practically continuous and can be calculated as kinetic energy using classical mechanics.


title: Energy level

text: Higher temperature causes fluid atoms and molecules to move faster increasing their translational energy, and thermally excites molecules to higher average amplitudes of vibrational and rotational modes (excites the molecules to higher internal energy levels). This means that as temperature rises, translational, vibrational, and rotational contributions to molecular heat capacity let molecules absorb heat and hold more internal energy. Conduction of heat typically occurs as molecules or atoms collide transferring the heat between each other. At even higher temperatures, electrons can be thermally excited to higher energy orbitals in atoms or molecules. A subsequent drop of an electron to a lower energy level can release a photon, causing a possibly colored glow.


title: Energy level

text: An electron farther from the nucleus has higher potential energy than an electron closer to the nucleus, thus it becomes less bound to the nucleus, since its potential energy is negative and inversely dependent on its distance from the nucleus.


title: Energy level

text: Crystalline solids are found to have energy bands, instead of or in addition to energy levels. Electrons can take on any energy within an unfilled band. At first this appears to be an exception to the requirement for energy levels. However, as shown in band theory, energy bands are actually made up of many discrete energy levels which are too close together to resolve. Within a band the number of levels is of the order of the number of atoms in the crystal, so although electrons are actually restricted to these energies, they appear to be able to take on a continuum of values. The important energy levels in a crystal are the top of the valence band, the bottom of the conduction band, the Fermi level, the vacuum level, and the energy levels of any defect states in the crystal.


title: Chloe Chua

text: Chloe Chua (; pinyin: Cài Kēyí) (born 7 January 2007) is a Singaporean violinist. She is the first prize winner in the Junior division of the 2018 Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists alongside Christian Li in Geneva, Switzerland. She is also the winner of the 24th Andrea Postacchini International Violin Competition in Category A.


title: Chloe Chua

text: From Singapore, Chloe Chua was originally introduced to the violin at age 4 and to the piano at age 2.5 by her mother, who is a music educator. Her teacher is Yin Ke, who started teaching her at age 4 at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and School of Young Talents String Section. She has performed across the world in locations such as the U.K., Italy, China, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and Singapore, and in festivals such as the New Virtuosi Queenswood Masterclass and the Singapore Violin Festival, and Chingay Festival. Chua has also performed with the Singapore Symphony Orchestra, Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra, Salzburg Chamber Soloists, Russian National Youth Orchestra, Kammerorchester Basel and the China Philharmonic Orchestra. In 2018, Chua and Christian Li were both awarded first prize in the Junior division of the Menuhin Competition.


title: Chloe Chua

text: After her Menuhin Competition performance was featured in the 2018 video "Is Ling Ling a GIRL?" by music YouTubers Brett Yang and Eddy Chen of TwoSet Violin, the two visited Chua in September 2020 and held a master class session on the piece " Paganiniana " composed by violinist Nathan Milstein from The Caprice No.24 of Paganini. She also took part in a "Ling Ling Workout" with Chen and Yang, released in March 2021, and a later video skit released in May 2021.


title: Chloe Chua

text: Chua has played on violins such as an 1884 Vincenzo Postiglioni loaned from Dr. Peter Chew and a one-year loan on a 1625 Amati violin from Florian Leonhard Fine Violins.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: Wings at the Speed of Sound is the fifth studio album by the British–American rock band Wings, released on 25 March 1976. Issued at the height of the band's popularity, it reached the top spot on the US album chart—the band's fourth consecutive album to do so—and peaked at number 2 on the UK album chart. Both singles from the album also reached the top 5 of the UK and US singles charts, with "Silly Love Songs" reaching number 1 in the US.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: The album was recorded and released in the midst of Wings' highly successful Wings Over the World tour, with songs from the album performed on the tour after its release. Subsequently, performances of "Let 'Em In", "Time to Hide", 'Silly Love Songs' and "Beware My Love" were included on the live album "Wings over America", released in December 1976. The album, after the 2010 CD version, was again remastered in 2014 with further improved audio quality.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: As a reaction to critics who believed Wings was merely a vehicle for Paul McCartney, the album featured every member of the band taking lead vocals on at least one song, and two songs from the album are written or co-written by band members other than the McCartneys.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: After a series of concerts in Australia in November 1975, Wings took a break from the tour to spend the holidays with their families and in January 1976 booked time at Abbey Road Studios in London to record "Wings at the Speed of Sound". It was the first time McCartney had fully recorded an album in England since "Red Rose Speedway". Because of the tour commitments, Wings were not afforded the opportunity to record in another locale. By the end of February, the album was complete, and Wings went back on the road.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: Around the time of the studio sessions for "Wings at the Speed of Sound", Wings were facing criticism for being merely a vehicle for McCartney. He encouraged each of the band members to contribute a song during the sessions. McCartney had previously attempted to create a democratic album in "Red Rose Speedway", though it would be rejected by his record label.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: Engineer Peter Henderson later commented, "I remember one of my first engineering jobs, working with Paul McCartney on "Wings at the Speed of Sound" — he'd do two vocal takes and ask, 'Which is the better one?' And when he played guitar, he'd really lean into it and give it everything he got."


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: The album was recorded at Abbey Road in two different periods of sessions: first sessions took place in August/September and October 1975, with work resuming in January–February 1976. During the playback of "Must Do Something About It", Paul heard drummer Joe English sing the song and decided to have him take the lead vocal. In "Cook of the House", McCartney handled double-bass, while "Silly Love Songs" was arranged in a disco-style, in a similar fashion to Al Green's "Sha La La".


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: "Wings at the Speed of Sound" was released in late March 1976 to lukewarm critical reviews. "Rolling Stone"s reviewer described it as a "Day with the McCartneys" concept album. The introduction, "Let 'Em In" was perceived as an invitation to join the McCartneys on this fantasy day, with explanation of their philosophy ("Silly Love Songs"), a lunch break ("Cook of the House"), and a chance to get to know McCartney's friends (Denny Laine in "The Note You Never Wrote", Jimmy McCulloch in "Wino Junko", etc.).


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: The album reached number 2 in the United Kingdom (and was the 4th best-selling album of 1976). It became McCartney's most successful American chart album since his days in The Beatles, spending seven nonconsecutive weeks at number 1 throughout the summer (and blocking the new Beatles compilation "Rock 'n' Roll Music", which reached number 2). "Wings at the Speed of Sound" sold 3.5 million copies worldwide.<ref name="Sexton/ClassicRock"></ref>


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: Much of the album's success can be attributed to its two smash singles. "Silly Love Songs", a response to his critics and one of McCartney's biggest hits, followed the album in April, and became one of 1976's biggest-selling singles. This was followed in July with "Let 'Em In", which also scaled the singles charts. Amid all this, Wings finally went to North America for the Wings Over America Tour, playing McCartney's first shows there in ten years (after the Beatles' final tour of America in 1966) to euphoric reaction; four selections from "Speed of Sound" were included in the tour setlist.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: Denny Laine covered "Time to Hide" and "The Note You Never Wrote" in 1996 on his album "Wings at the Sound of Denny Laine".


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: In 1993, "Wings at the Speed of Sound" was remastered and reissued on compact disc as part of "The Paul McCartney Collection" series; "Walking in the Park with Eloise", which had been released under the name the Country Hams, its B-side "Bridge on the River Suite", and the Wings track "Sally G" (the B-side to their single "Junior's Farm") were added as bonus tracks. All were recorded in Nashville in 1974.


title: Wings at the Speed of Sound

text: On 23 September 2014 the album was re-issued by Hear Music/Concord Music Group as part of the fifth set of releases, alongside "Venus and Mars", in the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection". It was released in multiple formats:


title: Delphinium

text: Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The genus was erected by Carl Linnaeus.


title: Delphinium

text: All members of the genus "Delphinium" are toxic to humans and livestock. The common name larkspur is shared between perennial "Delphinium" species and annual species of the genus "Consolida". Molecular data show that "Consolida", as well as another segregate genus, "Aconitella", are both embedded in "Delphinium".


title: Delphinium

text: The genus name "Delphinium" derives from the Ancient Greek word () which means "dolphin", a name used in "De Materia Medica" for some kind of larkspur. Pedanius Dioscorides said the plant got its name because of its dolphin-shaped flowers.


title: Delphinium

text: Species with short stems and few flowers such as "Delphinium nuttallianum" and "Delphinium bicolor" appear in habitats like prairies and the sagebrush steppe. Tall and robust species with many flowers, such as "Delphinium occidentale", appear more often in forests.


title: Delphinium

text: The leaves are deeply lobed with three to seven toothed, pointed lobes in a palmate shape. The main flowering stem is erect, and varies greatly in size between the species, from 10 centimetres in some alpine species, up to 2 m tall in the larger meadowland species.


title: Delphinium

text: In June and July (Northern Hemisphere), the plant is topped with a raceme of many flowers, varying in colour from purple and blue, to red, yellow, or white. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical and have many stamens. In most species each flower consists of five petal-like sepals which grow together to form a hollow pocket with a spur at the end, which gives the plant its name, usually more or less dark blue. Within the sepals are four true petals, small, inconspicuous, and commonly coloured similarly to the sepals. The eponymous long spur of the upper sepal encloses the nectar-containing spurs of the two upper petals.


title: Delphinium

text: The seeds are small and often shiny black. The plants flower from late spring to late summer, and are pollinated by butterflies and bumble bees. Despite the toxicity, "Delphinium" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the dot moth and small angle shades.


title: Delphinium

text: Genetic analysis suggests that "Delphinium" "sensu lato", as it was delineated before the 21st century, is polyphyletic. Nested within "Delphinium" "s.l." are "Aconitella", "Consolida", and "Aconitum". To make "Delphinium" monophyletic, several interventions were made. The new genus "Staphisagria" was erected containing "Staphisagria macrosperma" ("D. staphisagria"), "S. requienii" ("D. requini") and "S. picta" ("D. pictum"), representing the sister group to all other Delphinieae. Further genetic analysis has shown that the two large subgenera "Aconitum (Aconitum)" and "Aconitum (Lycoctonum)" are the sister group to "Aconitum gymnandrum", "Delphinium (Delphinium)", "Delphinium (Delphinastrum)", "Consolida" and "Aconitella". To make "Aconitum" monophyletic, "A. gymnandrum" has now been reassigned to a new monotypic genus, "Gymnaconitum". Finally, "Consolida" and "Aconitella" are synonymized with "Delphinium".


title: Delphinium

text: "D. arthriscifolium" is sister to all other species of "Delphinium" "sensu stricto" (so excluding "Staphisagria"). It should be placed in its own subgenus, but no proposal naming this subgenus has been made yet. The subgenera "Delphinium (Delphinium)" and "Delphinium (Delphinastrum)" are sister to the group consisting of the species of "Consolida" and "Aconitella", which together make up the subgenus "Delphinium (Consolida)". "Aconitella" cannot be retained as a subgenus because "A. barbata" does not cluster with the remaining species previously assigned to that genus, without creating five further subgenera.


title: Delphinium

text: Various delphiniums are cultivated as ornamental plants, for traditional and native plant gardens. The numerous hybrids and cultivars are primarily used as garden plants, providing height at the back of the summer border, in association with roses, lilies, and geraniums.


title: Delphinium

text: Most delphinium hybrids and cultivars are derived from "D. elatum". Hybridisation was developed in the 19th century, led by Victor Lemoine in France. Other hybrid crosses have included "D. bruninianum", "D. cardinale", "D. cheilanthum", and "D. formosum".


title: Delphinium

text: Numerous cultivars have been selected as garden plants, and for cut flowers and floristry. They are available in shades of white, pink, purple, and blue. The blooming plant is also used in displays and specialist competitions at flower and garden shows, such as the Chelsea Flower Show.


title: Delphinium

text: The 'Pacific Giant' hybrids are a group with individual single-colour cultivar names, developed by Reinelt in the United States. They typically grow to tall on long stems, by wide. They reportedly can tolerate deer. Millennium delphinium hybrids, bred by Dowdeswell's in New Zealand, are reportedly better in warmer climates than the Pacific hybrids. Flower colours in shades of red, orange, and pink have been hybridized from "D. cardinale" by Americans Reinelt and Samuelson.


title: Delphinium

text: The following delphinium cultivars have received the Award of Garden Merit from the British Royal Horticultural Society:


title: Delphinium

text: All parts of these plants are considered toxic to humans, especially the younger parts, causing severe digestive discomfort if ingested, and skin irritation. Larkspur, especially tall larkspur, is a significant cause of cattle poisoning on rangelands in the western United States. Larkspur is more common in high-elevation areas, and many ranchers delay moving cattle onto such ranges until late summer when the toxicity of the plants is reduced.


title: Delphinium

text: Death is through cardiotoxic and neuromuscular blocking effects, and can occur within a few hours of ingestion. All parts of the plant contain various diterpenoid alkaloids, typified by methyllycaconitine, and are very poisonous.


title: Delphinium

text: All plant parts are poisonous in large doses, especially the seeds, that contain up to 1.4% of alkaloids.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: William Swenson (born October 26, 1972) is an American actor and singer best known for his work in musical theatre. He also has developed a film career, primarily in LDS cinema.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson was born in Provo, Utah. Two of his grandparents, James Nathan Hale and Ruth Hale, were playwrights; Ruth was also an actor.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson moved throughout the United States during his childhood. He attended Brigham Young University and later served as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Guayaquil-Ecuador. As of 2008, he was no longer practicing the LDS faith.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson is known among members of the LDS Church for his role as Jonathan Jordan in the LDS Cinema movie "The Singles Ward" (2002) and its sequel, "The Singles 2nd Ward" (2007). Swenson co-wrote, directed and acted in the LDS Cinema mockumentary "Sons of Provo" (2004).


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson appeared on Broadway in "Lestat", "110 in the Shade" and "Brooklyn". Off Broadway, he played the role of Stacee Jaxx in the musical "Rock of Ages" but did not go on to perform the role on Broadway because he was offered the starring role of Berger in the Broadway revival of "Hair". He played Sir Sagramore in "Camelot" at Lincoln Center and Chris in the second national tour of "Miss Saigon".


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: He played the role of Berger in the off-Broadway 40th Anniversary Concert of "Hair" opposite Karen Olivo. In 2008, Swenson was again cast as Berger in The Public Theater's revival of the show in Central Park. He went on to reprise the role when the production moved to Broadway in March 2009. He received critical acclaim for his performance on Broadway and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical. He played the role of Berger again in the West End revival of "Hair" which began performances on April 1, 2010, and ended his limited engagement on May 29, 2010. Audra McDonald and Swenson reprised their roles in a two-week fundraising production of "110 in the Shade" at the Hale Center Theater in Orem, Utah.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: On October 8, 2009, Swenson appeared as in the guest cameo slot for the extension performance of Katie Thompson's "R.R.R.E.D.: A Secret Musical", as part of the 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival. In 2010, Swenson played the lead role of "Tick"/"Mitzi" in the pre-Broadway North American company of "" in Toronto, Canada.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: In October 2013, Swenson was cast as Inspector Javert in the 2014 Broadway revival of "Les Misérables", which opened in March 2014 at New York's Imperial Theatre, where the musical had previously run for 13 years.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: In 2018, Swenson played Satan in the New Group's off-Broadway production of "". In 2020, he appeared in the Netflix show "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina" as Pan.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: In June of 2022 Swenson began playing the role of Neil Diamond (Then) in the new musical "A Beautiful Noise, The Neil Diamond Musical" at the Emerson Colonial Theatre in Boston. The show is scheduled to move to Broadway later in 2022 with its Broadway opening scheduled for December 4, 2022 at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. The musical is based on the life and music of Neil Diamond and Swenson has said he grew up surrounded by and loving Neil Diamond's music. Swenson has said his father loved Neil Diamond's music and in his youth Swenson would sing Neil Diamond songs and eventually even sang the songs trying to sound like Neil Diamond.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson met his first wife, Amy Westerby, while they were both in one of his grandmother's comedies, "Hopsville Holiday". The couple have two sons, Bridger and Sawyer; they have since divorced.


title: Will Swenson (actor)

text: Swenson and actress Audra McDonald became engaged in January 2012 and were married on October 6, 2012. In October 2016, McDonald and Swenson had their first child, Sally.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: Miss Grand International 2022 was the 10th-anniversary edition of the Miss Grand International pageant, held on 25 October 2022 at Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor Regency of West Java province, Indonesia. The pageant featured contestants from sixty-eight countries and territories, of which, the Brazilian representative, Isabella Menin, was named the winner and crowned by Miss Grand International 2021 Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên of Vietnam.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The pageant's grand final round was hosted by Thai television personality Matthew Deane, and highlighted by the live performance of an Indonesian singer, Rossa. However, the program was not broadcast on any national television stations since of indigenous religious tenets, the entire series of activities was instead streamed on the organizer's own YouTube channel, GrandTV, as in past editions.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: In addition to crowning the traditional five finalists, the remaining top ten finalists were enthroned as the fifth runner-up on the occasion of celebrating the first decade anniversary.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: Moreover, the "Golden Grand Award" and its secondary position "Silver Grand Award", was also introduced in this edition, in which three of Miss Grand's national directors with the preeminent managerial implementation, Phạm Kim Dung of Vietnam, Eriko Inoda of Japan, and Vicente Gonzalez of Spain, were awarded.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: On the final coronation night of Miss Grand International 2021 in Thailand, the host of the event additionally announced that the 10th anniversary edition of the pageant will happen in Indonesia on 25 October, with the pre-pageant activities in the tourist destination island Bali, and the final coronation night in the capital city Jakarta. The event was extensively supported by the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia, Sandiaga Uno, and a vice-chairperson of the , , who has been denominated the godmother of the Indonesian pageant industry. Additionally, through generating additional employment in the community, the contest's implementation is anticipated to support the Indonesian local economy's recovery from the proceeding COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: After a venue selection survey with the , the licensee of Miss Grand Indonesia, in mid-May, the organization had later informed that the grand finale of the Miss Grand International 2022 pageant is opted to be arranged at Sentul International Convention Center (SICC) in Bogor Regency of West Java Province. Furthermore, the SICC also served as the location for the other two main sub-contests including the national costume parade and the preliminary competition. The organization later disclosed that Le Méridien Jakarta and Seminyak Beach Resort & Spa will have functioned as accommodation for the delegates during the pageant activities in Jakarta and Bali, respectively.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: As per the data collected in the national preliminary pageants' table below, 37 out of 68 confirmed candidates were determined through the national pageants, 21 of which were the Miss Grand national contest winners (A1) while the rest were either main winners (A2) or the supplementary titleholders (B1) of other pageants such as the candidates from Canada, Czech Republic, Kyrgyzstan (did not compete due to the impact of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War), and the original candidate from Panama who was later replaced by an appointed candidate after a license transfer. The remaining delegates were either promoted to the position without organizing the respective national contest (B2 and C2) e.g. the representative of Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Indonesia, Mauritius, Peru, and Venezuela, or elected through the private casting (C1) such as the Mexican's representative.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: Of the appointed candidates, the representative of Myanmar, Kansuda Chanakeeree (), was elected by the national director Htoo Ant Lwin after participating in Miss Grand Thailand 2022 where she was placed among the top 20 finalists. Kansuda is half Thai-Myanmar with Karen descent. Previously, she had participated in the Miss Universe Thailand 2019 and 2021 pageants, in which she qualified for the finals of 20 and 15, respectively.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: In this 2022 edition, three countries were expected to make their debuts, but two withdrew for unspecified reasons even though their representatives had already been determined; six countries that competed in the previous edition withdrew due to a lack of a national licensee, and 15 countries returned to the competition after being absent in the previous editions. Initially, seventy-two countries and territories franchises confirmed that they would send their candidates to Indonesia; however, representatives from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, withdrew before the pageant started, while the representative from Kosovo withdrew due to health problems at the fourth day of the pre-final activities, making the finalized total of sixty-eight contestants.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: Thirty-nine countries organized national preliminary pageants (A1 - B2) to select their representatives for Miss Grand International 2022, the competition details are shown in the table below; 23 of which were the Miss Grand national contest (A1), however, 3 of these 39 candidates, the original and Belgium, Cuba, and Panamanian representatives who were chosen through the respective national pageants, were later replaced by the other appointed candidates, as mentioned above; and the Kyrgyzstan representative withdrew before entering the international contest due to the increase in flight ticket prices during the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: As previously done since 2018, pre-arrival voting on the organizer's Facebook and Instagram pages was launched a week before the advent of the candidates. Ten contestants with the most scores calculated by the number of likes and shares on their portrait photos acquired the authority to be present at the exclusive dinner with the pageant president, Nawat Itsaragrisil, which happened after the welcome ceremony at the Seminyak Beach Resort & Spa on October 5. According to the results of the previous editions, the winners of the pre-arrival vote usually qualified for the quarterfinalists (Top 20).


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The "Country's Power of the Year" award returned after being introduced for the first time in 2020, with fans able to vote for delegates to advance to the quarterfinals (Top 20) through Instagram, reducing the actual number of the top 20 qualifiers directly chosen by the organizer to 19. All candidates were divided into 10 groups for the challenge, with 9 groups of 7 and 1 group of 6. The voting took place on the pageant organizer's Instagram account, where the photos to vote for was presented for 1 group per day from October 7 at 08:00 PM to 06:00 PM the next day. The winner of each group advanced to the second round where all 10 qualified countries were randomly grouped into 2 groups of 5. The organizer then ran the 24 hours of voting again to elect 2 winners of each group to compete against each other in the group, each group winner advanced to the final round to determine the overall winner. The winner of the "Country's Power of the Year" challenge will be automatically qualified as one of the top 20 finalists of the competition.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The traditional Balinese costume parade was co-organized by the MGI PLC and a theatrical Balinese art performance team, "Bali Agung", to be the highlight event of the "Bali Agung Grand Show", which happened on October 11 at Bali Theatre, located in Gianyar's Bali Safari and Marine Park, The purpose of the collaboration is to re-promote Indonesian tourism to the world scene after being hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Each participant donned and paraded in different traditional Balinese attires created by Indonesian designers, Ni Ketut Arik Wijayanti and Inggi Indrayana Kendran.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The event was hosted by Miss Grand International 2014, Daryanne Lees, and was streamed live to the audience worldwide on the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV. All the event-related revenues, with no deductions, was donated to the Bali Safari to revitalize the theater after it had been shuttered for over three years due to the COVID-19 outbreak.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: Since Indonesia is a Muslim country, appearing in a swimsuit—either a one-piece model or a bikini—in public violates religious tenets requiring women to dress modestly, and Indonesian cultural agencies often strictly control elements that are considered revealing and objectionable. Although the swimsuit contest has been regarded as one of the most significant events and also used to elect the "Best in Swimsuit" winner for the Miss Grand International pageant since its inception in 2013, as usually implemented in most international beauty competitions, but due to the aforementioned religious precept, the swimsuit event was downsized to a private event – no physical audience allowed but still be broadcast to an audience worldwide except for the host nation, Indonesia – and will submissively be replaced by the sportswear round on the preliminary and final stages of Miss Grand International 2022, the first time the swimsuit competition was abolished on the stage of the Miss Grand International.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The sportswear competition was added as an ad hoc event in the Miss Grand International 2022 tournament and took place on October 9 at Bebek Tepi Sawah Restaurant and Villas in Ubud town of Bali province, in which 68 aspirants wore sportswear designed by Indonesian designers, Didiet Maulana and the Iwan Tirta Batik team, and then paraded one by one in front of the panel of judges, the Kosovo representative was absent due to health conditions. Meanwhile, the swimsuit private show was held later on October 12 at the Seminyak Beach Resort & Spa, where an Indonesian swimwear label called "Niconico" was used as the replacement for the MGI-designed swimsuit, which was previously utilized in its prior editions.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: For the "Best in Swimsuit" award, the first 10 qualified candidates were determined by the public vote on the pageant's Facebook page and the other 10 finalists by the panel of judges, and then the number of each group was minimized to 5 with the same procedure. The final winner expected to be announced at the pageant grand final was not elected and no official statement from the organizer for this award. The other qualified candidates are shown on the chart below.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The Miss Grand International 2022 national costume contest took place on October 20 at the Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor. Each contestant walked down the runway one at a time, dressed in a garment to reflect the nation's history and culture, with two winners being proclaimed at the grand coronation round on October 25, one selected by public vote on the pageant's social media, including Facebook and Instagram, and another to be directly determined by the panel of judges. The event was live transmitted to the audience worldwide on the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV, hosted by Miss Grand International 2014, Daryanne Lees, and featured live performances by two Indonesian singers, Titi DJ and Krisdayanti, marking the first time the artists' live performances were highlighted in this sub-contest.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The Miss Grand International 2022 preliminary show, which is composed of the evening gown and the sportswear round, took place on October 20, at the Sentul International Convention Center. In such an event, each participant paraded on stage in each round, one by one, wearing the sportswear designed by Indonesian batik fashion designers, Ivan Gunawan and Iwan Tirta Batik, in the first round, and then the evening gown created by the contestant's designer, in the following round. The scores from this night's event, together with all previous scores accumulated since the first day after obtaining the national title, determine the top 20 finalists who will be revealed during the grand final telecast on October 25.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The event was live transmitted on the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV, hosted by Miss Grand International 2014, Daryanne Lees. The Indonesian music band , as well as a solo singer, were the event's live performers.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The Miss Grand International 2022 grand final was held on October 25 at Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java province, hosted by a Thai television personality Matthew Deane, and featured live performances by an Indonesian singer Rossa, making the first time after an eight-year absence that the competition was highlighted by a special guest live performance, since 2013, by a Thai American hip hop trio Thaitanium. In the event, the initial semifinalists (Top 20), selected by the organizer personnel based on all pageant activities as well as the aspirant domestic affairs prior to entering the international pageant camp, were disclosed.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: All final competition selection formats are shown in the chart beside; the "Country of the Year" award, determined by public-free voting on the organizer's Instagram account, was reinstated after being introduced in 2020; the winner of this automatically qualified for the top 20 finalists regardless of all accumulation scores, reducing the actual number of the top 20 qualifiers directly chosen by the organizer to 19. As did the winner of the "Miss Popular vote," determined by public-paid voting on the official pageant website; was also automatically placed among the top 10 finalists.


title: Miss Grand International 2022

text: The result of the Miss Popular vote is shown below, the final result was collected on October 25 after the top 20 finalists' announcement of the grand final round, in which "Yuvna Rinishta" of Mauritius was named the Miss Popular Vote winner.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: Tug of War is the third solo studio album by English musician Paul McCartney, released on 26 April 1982. It was McCartney's first album released after the dissolution of Wings the previous year. Overall, it was his 11th album since the break up of the Beatles. It was also McCartney's first album after the murder of former songwriting partner John Lennon. The cover features an abstract oil painting by the artist Brian Clarke, a frequent McCartney collaborator, incorporating an over-painted transparency of a portrait of Paul taken by Linda McCartney.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: "Tug of War" was produced by former Beatles producer George Martin and was a number one hit in many countries, selling over one million copies in the United States in the year of its release. Some critics hailed it as a return to form for McCartney. Its remastered deluxe edition received a nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package at the 2017 Grammy Awards.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: Following the release of the solo album "McCartney II", Wings regrouped in July and October 1980 to rehearse several songs which later appeared on "Tug of War" and "Pipes of Peace". Feeling the need for direction, McCartney called upon his former producer, George Martin, to begin recording a song written for the animated Rupert Bear character (to which McCartney acquired the film rights in 1970), titled "We All Stand Together", among others. The productive sessions continued until 9 December, the morning McCartney woke up to discover his former songwriting partner and fellow ex-Beatle, John Lennon, had been shot and killed in New York City on the previous night. Abandoning that day's session (in which he and Denny Laine were recording future B-side "Rainclouds") part-way through, both Martin and McCartney felt it was best to leave the project for the time being and start anew once they were ready.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: In February 1981, two months after Lennon's death, McCartney resumed the sessions, recording that month with Stevie Wonder, Stanley Clarke, Carl Perkins and Ringo Starr, and laying down several songs in the process. The sessions were held at AIR Studios in Montserrat, in the Caribbean, and lasted from 3 February to 2 March, ending with "Ebony and Ivory" and "What's That You're Doing", two songs featuring Stevie Wonder. 10cc guitarist Eric Stewart also became a frequent collaborator of McCartney during this period. Further sessions were undertaken that summer at Martin's AIR studios in Oxford Street, London. The sessions were so productive that several resulting tracks were held over for McCartney's next album, "Pipes of Peace", which followed in 1983. The rest of 1981 was spent in a quiet fashion, with McCartney and Martin giving finishing touches to the album.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: In a contemporary review for "Rolling Stone", music critic Stephen Holden hailed "Tug of War" as "the masterpiece everyone has always known Paul McCartney could make", and particularly admired its vivid music and consistent songwriting. Robert Palmer was less enthusiastic in his review for "The New York Times", and found the album "exquisitely crafted though lyrically flawed", as he thought McCartney's lyrics were often "clichéd or mawkish", but that the album "at its best, is as finely crafted as his work with the Beatles".


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: In March 1982, McCartney's duet with Stevie Wonder, "Ebony and Ivory", was released to considerable commercial success, reaching number one in many countries. "Tug of War" followed in April, and similarly became a worldwide number one. The follow-up single, "Take It Away", reached the top ten in the United States. The album went on to sell several million copies and did much to restore McCartney's critical reputation after what was viewed as a lean period for him. "Tug of War" was nominated for the "Album of the Year" Grammy in 1983. "Wingspan" author Mark Lewisohn thought it was a better album than "Band on the Run". "Far Out" thought it an artful and successful from the effort, surmising that the album was his strongest work, "not something to say lightly when Ram, Band On The Run and Chaos and Creation In The Backyard are also part of the catalogue."


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: The album was issued in the US on compact disc on 29 February 1984. In 1993, "Tug of War" was remastered and re-issued on CD as part of "The Paul McCartney Collection" series. There were no bonus tracks: "Rainclouds" and "I'll Give You a Ring", B-sides of "Ebony and Ivory" and "Take It Away", respectively, were omitted. In 2007, "Tug of War" was remastered and re-released on the iTunes Store adding a solo version of "Ebony and Ivory".


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: A further reissue of "Tug of War" was released on 2 October 2015, as part of the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection". This edition included a remixed version of the album, along with the original mix, and a series of videos.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: All songs were written by Paul McCartney, except "What's That You're Doing?" co-written by Stevie Wonder.


title: Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)

text: In 2015 the album was re-issued by Hear Music/Concord Music Group as part of the sixth set of releases, alongside "Pipes of Peace", in the "Paul McCartney Archive Collection". It was released in multiple formats:


title: Brazil at the 2002 FIFA World Cup

text: At the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Brazil participated for the 17th time in the event. The country remained as the only national team to have participated in every installment of the FIFA World Cup. Brazil won all seven matches they played, achieving the highest number of matches won by a team in a single tournament in the history of the FIFA World Cup. Brazil reached the final where they defeated Germany 2–0.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: One Million Years B.C. is a 1966 British adventure fantasy film directed by Don Chaffey. The film was produced by Hammer Film Productions and Seven Arts, and is a remake of the 1940 American fantasy film "One Million B.C.". The film stars Raquel Welch and John Richardson, set in a fictional age of cavemen and dinosaurs coexisting together. Location scenes were filmed on the Canary Islands in the middle of winter, in late 1965. The UK release prints of this film were printed in dye transfer Technicolor. The U.S. version released by 20th Century Fox was cut by nine minutes, printed in DeLuxe Color, and released in 1967.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Like the original film, this remake is largely ahistorical. It portrays dinosaurs and humans living at the same point in time; according to the geologic time scale, the last non-avian dinosaurs became extinct 66 million years ago, and modern humans ("Homo sapiens") did not exist until about 300,000 years B.C. Ray Harryhausen, who animated all of the dinosaur attacks using stop-motion animation techniques, commented on the U.S. "King Kong" DVD that he did not make "One Million Years B.C." for "professors...who probably don't go to see these kinds of movies anyway."


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Men of the dark-haired Rock tribe, led by chief Akhoba, who is accompanied by his rivaling sons, Tumak and Sakana, capture and kill a warthog and return to share it with the rest of the tribe. Tumak and Akhoba fight over the meat, and Akhoba banishes Tumak to the harsh desert. After surviving several encounters with various prehistoric creatures, Tumak collapses on a remote beach and is spotted by Loana and other women of the fair-haired Shell tribe. Joined by some of the men from the tribe, Loana rescues Tumak from an "Archelon" which is driven into the sea. Tumak is taken to the Shell tribe's village where he discovers they are more civilized and advanced than the Rock Tribe.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Tumak rescues a small girl from an attack by an "Allosaurus", endearing him to Loana. However, Tumak is banished from the village after he fights Ahot for possession of the spear Tumak used to fight the creature. Loana decides to accompany Tumak, and Ahot surrenders the spear to Tumak in a gesture of good will.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Meanwhile, Sakana tries to seize power by killing Akhoba. Akoba survives, but is a broken man as Sakana becomes the new leader. Tumak, with Loana in tow, wanders back to the Rock Tribe camp, but again, there are altercations. They eventually witness an epic between a Triceratops and a Ceratosaurus after they encountered and was chased by one of them. The most dramatic one is a fight between Tumak's current love interest Loana and his former lover Nupondi. Loana wins the fight but refuses to strike the killing blow, despite the encouragement from the other members of the tribe. Sakana resents Tumak's and Loana's attempts at incorporating Shell tribe ways into their culture. While the Rock tribe is swimming, a female "Pteranodon" attacks and snatches Loana to feed her to her offspring. However, a "Rhamphorhynchus" intervenes and a fight ensues. Loana is dropped into the sea and makes it to shore. At first, Tumak mistakenly believes Loana is dead, but they are soon reunited.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Sakana leads a group of like-minded fellow hunters in an armed revolt against Akhoba. Tumak, Ahot and Loana, and other members of the Shell tribe arrive and join the fight against Sakana. In the midst of the battle, a volcano suddenly erupts. Members of both tribes are killed by either the effects of the volcano, or by their attackers. Sakana is speared to death and Akhoba is crushed by falling rock. Tumak, Loana, and the surviving members of both tribes emerge from the desolation and jointly set off to find a new home, with Tumak as the new leader.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The exterior scenes were filmed on Lanzarote and Tenerife in the Canary Islands in the middle of winter. The film features the "Echium wildpretii" plant, as a homage to Tenerife's unique endemic flora. However, the plants are set in scenes filmed on the Lanzarote beach. In actuality, this plant only flowers from May to June. It is found in Tenerife mountain zones higher than . As there were no active volcanoes in the Canary Islands, the studio had to construct a 6–7 ft (2-metre) high volcano on the Associated British Picture Corporation's studio back lot. The eruption, lava explosions and lava flows were composed of a mixture of wallpaper paste, oatmeal, dry ice and red dye. Harryhausen filmed the dinosaur visuals in his personal studio in London.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: As the Shell people are attacked by a giant turtle, the women call it "Archelon" which is the real scientific name for the animal. The film uses four live creatures: a green iguana, a warthog, a Loaghtan and a tarantula (a cricket can be seen at the tarantula's side). Ray Harryhausen was asked repeatedly about these unanimated creatures, and he confessed they were his idea. At the time, he felt the use of real creatures would convince the audience that all of what they were about to see was indeed real.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Shortly after, Tumak encounters a dinosaur skeleton, which helped build audience anticipation for further dinosaur encounters. This supposedly massive skeleton was actually only about 12 inches in length, made of plaster and shot against a blue backing and matted into the foreground.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The scene where the young "Allosaurus" attacks the village is similar to one in the original film. Shortly after the creature appears it plucks a man out of the water. They used an actor suspended on wires and Harryhausen positioned an animated model man over the actor, on the rear projection plate; thus it seemed as if the live actor was being eaten. Another technically complex scene in this part of the film was when a man fighting the young "Allosaurus" is trapped under a shelter: the dinosaur grabs a support and collapses it. The team used a full-size shelter rigged to collapse at that point during the action. Harryhausen then placed a miniature part in the creature's mouth which, when all lined up on the rear projection plate, blended in perfectly. The final significant scene in this sequence is when Tumak impales the creature on a spear from below. John Richardson, the actor who played Tumak, held nothing in the long shots and pretended to have a pole in his hands, but he did hold a pole in the close-up shots. A miniature pole was built and used for the long shots. It was placed in the studio in front of Richardson's hands, and then Harryhausen animated the young "Allosaurus" suspended on wires in front of John, on top of the miniature pole.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The "Pteranodon" sequence took much time to create, primarily because of how hard it would be to make a model pterosaur pick up a real woman. However the solution was simple: Instead of using a large crane on location, the crew had Raquel Welch fall behind a rock, and then the model "Pteranodon" swoops down and flies off with a model of Welch, which was substituted during the single second in which she is behind the rock and not visible. Later, when the creature takes her to its nest, the nest was matted into the scene atop a real rock face by double printing the film. For the "Pteranodon" and "Rhamphorhynchus" fight scene, when she is dropped into the water, Harryhausen and the crew released her from two dummy rubber "Pteranodon" claws and while the real Welch fell onto a mattress, the film cut to a long shot of the Welch model suspended on wires.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Robert Brown (Akhoba) wears makeup similar to that worn by Lon Chaney Jr. in the same role in the 1940 version, "One Million B.C."


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Originally Hammer offered the role of Loana to Ursula Andress. When Andress passed on the project due to commitments and salary demands, a search for a replacement resulted in the selection of Welch. Welch, who had finished doing "Fantastic Voyage" for Fox, was under contract to the studio (who held U.S. distribution rights for the film) and was told by studio President Richard Zanuck that she would be loaned out to Hammer for the production. Although reluctant, Welch said that the selling point was the chance to spend six to eight weeks of filming in London (while shooting interiors) during the height of its "swinging" period.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Welch wore a bikini made of fur and hide in the film. She was described as "wearing mankind's first bikini" and the bikini was described as a "definitive look of the 1960s". The publicity photograph of Welch from the film became a best-selling pinup poster, and something of a cultural phenomenon.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The iconic image was copied by the artist Tom Chantrell to create the film poster promoting the theatrical release of "One Million Years B.C." Welch's depiction is accompanied by the film's title in bold red lettering across a landscape populated with dinosaurs.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Welch stated in a 2012 interview that three form-fitting bikinis were made for her, including two for a wet scene and a fight scene, by costume designer Carl Toms: "Carl just draped me in doe-skin, and I stood there while he worked on it with scissors." Many noted photographers had been flown to Tenerife by 20th Century Fox on a publicity junket, but the iconic pose of Welch was taken by the unit still photographer. The poster is a story element in the film "The Shawshank Redemption".


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Composer Mario Nascimbene was in charge of the film's music and score. The soundtrack was released in Italy as a 7-track limited edition vinyl LP on the Intermezzo label in 1985. It was re-released in Italy on compact disc in 1994 (now out of print) as a soundtrack compilation also including two other Hammer films.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: It was first screened on 25 October 1966, at the London Trade Show with a general release in the United Kingdom on 30 December 1966, by Warner-Pathé and the United States on 21 February 1967, by 20th Century Fox. The U.S. cut was censored for a broader audience, losing around nine minutes. Deleted scenes included a provocative dance from Martine Beswick, a gruesome end to one of the ape men in the cave and some footage of the young "Allosaurus"s attack on the Shell tribe. On 17 October 1966, the British Board of Film Classification announced that the film would receive an A certificate rating. It is currently a PG certificate applied on video in March 1989 distributed by Warner Home Video Ltd.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The film was originally available on VHS and laserdisc. In 2002 Warner Bros. released a UK DVD, including a "Raquel Welch in the Valley of the Dinosaurs" featurette, a 12-minute interview with Ray Harryhausen and the theatrical trailer. A Region 1 DVD (featuring the U.S. edit) was released by 20th Century Fox in 2004.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: In October 2016, a special two-disc 50th anniversary edition DVD and Blu-ray was released in the UK by Studio Canal, with new interviews with Welch and Beswick, new Harryhausen storyboard stills, and other promotional imagery. In the United States, a Blu-ray was released on 14 February 2017 by Kino Lorber Studio Classics and includes the international (Disc 1) and U.S. cut (Disc 2) of the film. This issue has more bonus material than the UK edition, including previous interviews with Welch and Harryhausen from 2002 and an audio commentary by film historian Tim Lucas.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Despite the censorship upon release in the U.S., the film was still popular and made $2.5 million in U.S. rentals during its first year of release.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $2,250,000 in rentals to break even and made $4,425,000, meaning it made a solid profit.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: In 1968, it was re-released in the UK on a double feature alongside "She" (1965), an earlier Hammer film. The pairing became the ninth most popular theatrical release of the year.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 62% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 5.64/10.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Among contemporary reviews, "Variety" wrote "the whole thing is good humored full-of-action commercial nonsense, but the moppets will love it and older male moppets will probably love Miss Welch"; and "The Monthly Film Bulletin" noted "Very easy to dismiss the film as a silly spectacle; but Hammer production finesse is much in evidence and Don Chaffey has done a competent job of direction. And it is all hugely enjoyable"; while more recently, "The Times" wrote that "seen nowadays it is a kitschy, retro scream. Yet as dinosaurs and giant sea-turtles roam the volcanic earth in "One Million Years BC", this is also a chance to appreciate the early work of the great special effects pioneer Ray Harryhausen." Similarly, "TV Guide" concluded "While far from being one of Harryhausen's best films (the quality of which had little to do with his abilities), the movie has superb effects that are worth a look for his fans."


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: All the dinosaur models from this film still exist, although the "Ceratosaurus" and "Triceratops" were re-purposed for "The Valley of Gwangi" (1969), as Gwangi the "Allosaurus" and the "Styracosaurus". "One Million Years B.C." was the first in an unconnected series of prehistoric films from Hammer. It was followed by "Prehistoric Women" (1968), "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" (1970) and "Creatures the World Forgot" (1971). Stock footage depicting the landslide was reused for Alex's daydream scene in Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film "A Clockwork Orange".


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: The film was adapted into a 15-page comic strip for the May 1978 issue of the magazine "House of Hammer" (volume 2 #14, published by Top Sellers Ltd). It was drawn by John Bolton from a script by Steve Moore. The cover of the issue featured a painting by Brian Lewis of Welch in the famous fur bikini.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: In the 1994 film "The Shawshank Redemption", a large poster of Welch in her role as Loana is used by Andy Dufresne (played by Tim Robbins) to conceal his tunnel digging.


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: In the 2021 film "Belfast", Buddy (played by Jude Hill) and his family go to the cinema and his father (played by Jamie Dornan) chooses to watch "One Million Years B.C."


title: One Million Years B.C.

text: Raquel Welch's fur bikini costume design and overall looks in this film served as the primary basis for the creation of the character Ayla for the 1995 video game Chrono Trigger. Ayla is a prehistoric woman that lived in "65000000 B.C." timeline, and is also a subject of anachronistic and ahistoric narrative, with other contemporaries from her timeline being depicted as a mixture of Rock and Shell people from this movie, who live in a world where dinosaurs still roam the land.


title: On-again, off-again relationship

text: An on-again, off-again relationship (also known as an on–off or off–on relationship) is a form of personal relationship between two persons who keep breaking up only to reconcile afterwards, thus repeating a cycle.


title: On-again, off-again relationship

text: Researcher Kale Monk, an assistant professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Missouri, cites several reasons as to why a relationship might be on-again, off-again, including one partner relocating to a new place or the couple re-assessing their relationship. Many continue to reunite out of a persistent hope that the moments of happiness and gratification they have known will eventually constitute the entire relationship.


title: On-again, off-again relationship

text: Being in an on-again, off-again relationship can damage one's mental health, leading to possible depression, eating disorder, and/or anxiety. Additionally, Monk also notes how these types of relationships have higher rates of abuse, poorer communication, and lower levels of commitment. Not all on-again, off-again relationships are considered toxic, as breaking up and reconciling can help a couple with better communication and address the issues in their relationships.


title: On-again, off-again relationship

text: A 2009 study published in the "Personal Relationships" journal revealed that nearly two-thirds of participants have experienced being in an on-again, off-again relationship.


title: Baud

text: In telecommunication and electronics, baud (; symbol: Bd) is a common unit of measurement of symbol rate, which is one of the components that determine the speed of communication over a data channel.


title: Baud

text: It is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second or pulses per second. It is the number of distinct symbol changes (signalling events) made to the transmission medium per second in a digitally modulated signal or a bd rate line code.


title: Baud

text: Baud is related to "gross bit rate", which can be expressed in bits per second. If there are precisely two symbols in the system (typically 0 and 1), then baud and bit per second (bit/s) are equivalent.


title: Baud

text: The baud unit is named after Émile Baudot, the inventor of the Baudot code for telegraphy, and is represented according to the rules for SI units.


title: Baud

text: That is, the first letter of its symbol is uppercase (Bd), but when the unit is spelled out, it should be written in lowercase (baud) except when it begins a sentence.


title: Baud

text: It was defined by the CCITT (now the ITU) in November 1926. The earlier standard had been the number of words per minute, which was a less robust measure since word length can vary.


title: Baud

text: The symbol duration time, can be directly measured as the time between transitions by looking at an eye diagram of the signal on an oscilloscope. The symbol duration time "T" can be calculated as:


title: Baud

text: In digital systems (i.e., using discrete/discontinuous values) with binary code, 1 Bd = 1 bit/s. By contrast, non-digital (or analog) systems use a continuous range of values to represent information and in these systems the exact informational size of 1 Bd varies.


title: Baud

text: The term baud has sometimes incorrectly been used to mean bit rate, since these rates are the same in old modems as well as in the simplest digital communication links using only one bit per symbol, such that binary digit "0" is represented by one symbol, and binary digit "1" by another symbol. In more advanced modems and data transmission techniques, a symbol may have more than two states, so it may represent more than one bit. A bit (binary digit) always represents one of two states.


title: Baud

text: If bits are conveyed per symbol, and the gross bit rate is , inclusive of channel coding overhead, the symbol rate can be calculated as


title: Baud

text: By taking information per pulse "N" in bit/pulse to be the base-2-logarithm of the number of distinct messages "M" that could be sent, Hartley constructed a measure of the gross bit rate "R" as


title: Baud

text: Here, the formula_5 denotes the ceiling function of formula_6. Where formula_6 is taken to be any real number greater than zero, then the ceiling function rounds up to the nearest natural number (e.g. formula_8).


title: Baud

text: In that case, different symbols are used. In a modem, these may be time-limited sinewave tones with unique combinations of amplitude, phase and/or frequency. For example, in a 64QAM modem, , and so the bit rate is times the baud rate. In a line code, these may be "M" different voltage levels.


title: Baud

text: The ratio is not necessarily even an integer; in 4B3T coding, the bit rate is of the baud rate. (A typical basic rate interface with a 160 kbit/s raw data rate operates at 120 kBd.)


title: Baud

text: Codes with many symbols, and thus a bit rate higher than the symbol rate, are most useful on channels such as telephone lines with a limited bandwidth but a high signal-to-noise ratio within that bandwidth. In other applications, the bit rate is less than the symbol rate. Eight-to-fourteen modulation as used on audio CDs has bit rate of the baud rate.


title: Tyndale Bible

text: The Tyndale Bible generally refers to the body of biblical translations by William Tyndale into Early Modern English, made . Tyndale's Bible is credited with being the first Bible translation in the English language to work directly from Hebrew and Greek texts, although it relied heavily upon the Latin Vulgate. Furthermore, it was the first English biblical translation that was mass-produced as a result of new advances in the art of printing.


title: Tyndale Bible

text: The term 'Tyndale's Bible' is not strictly correct, because Tyndale never published a complete English language Bible; instead, a completely translated Bible was completed by Myles Coverdale, who supplemented Tyndale's translations with his own to produce the first complete printed Bible in English in 1535. Before his execution, Tyndale had translated the New Testament, the Pentateuch, and the historical books of the Old Testament. Of the Old Testament books, the Pentateuch, Book of Jonah, and a revised version of the Book of Genesis were published during Tyndale's lifetime. His other Old Testament works were first used in the creation of the Matthew Bible and also greatly influenced subsequent English translations of the Bible.


title: Tyndale Bible

text: The chain of events that led to the creation of Tyndale's New Testament possibly began in 1522, when Tyndale acquired a copy of the German New Testament. Tyndale began a translation into English using a Greek text compiled by Erasmus from several manuscripts older than the Latin Vulgate of Jerome, the only translation authorized by the Roman Catholic Church.


title: Tyndale Bible

text: Tyndale made his purpose known to Bishop of London Cuthbert Tunstall but was refused permission to produce this "heretical" text. Thwarted in England, Tyndale moved to the continent. A partial edition was put into print in 1525 in Cologne of which there is only one fragment left, in the British Library. But before the work could be completed, Tyndale was betrayed to the authorities and forced to flee to Worms, where the first complete edition of his New Testament was published by Peter Schöffer the Younger in 1526, of which there are only 3 extant copies left. These can be found in the collections of St Paul's Cathedral, London, the British Library, and the Württembergische Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart. Two revised versions were later published in 1534 and 1536, both personally revised by Tyndale. After his death in 1536, Tyndale's works were revised and reprinted numerous times and are reflected in more modern versions of the Bible, including, perhaps most famously, the King James Version.