title: Tim Ream

text: He made his Fulham debut on August 29, 2015, in a 3–1 win over Rotherham United, playing 90 minutes. He made 29 appearances for the club in his first season, partly due to international commitment and injuries. After initially playing as a center back, he was used at left back toward the end of the season, following the departure of James Husband. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 loss against Queens Park Rangers on October 1, 2016.


title: Tim Ream

text: On November 11, 2010, Ream was called up to the United States men's national soccer team for the first time as part of an 18-man roster for a match against South Africa on November 17 in Cape Town. He made his international debut against South Africa on November 17, 2010. He started the match and played until the 67th minute before being replaced by Nat Borchers. The U.S. won 1–0 with the lone goal coming from fellow Red Bull teammate Juan Agudelo. On January 22, 2011, he earned his second international cap against Chile in a 1–1 draw. He played all 90 minutes at center back.


title: Tim Ream

text: Ream started in their first game of the 2011 Gold Cup, a 2–0 win over Canada. He also started the second match against Panama, which the U.S. lost 2–1 for their first ever loss in Gold Cup group play. In the 34th minute, he committed a foul on Blas Pérez resulting in a penalty kick for Panama. The penalty was converted by Gabriel Gómez and became the match-winner. In the next match, against Guadeloupe, he was replaced by Eric Lichaj and did not play in the final four matches of the 2011 Gold Cup.


title: Tim Ream

text: After a two-year absence, Ream was again called into the U.S. national team in 2013 appearing as an unused substitute against Bosnia and Herzegovina on August 14, 2013. On September 3, 2014, he played his first international match in three years, playing 45 minutes in a 1–0 win over Czech Republic.


title: Tim Ream

text: Ream also was called up for the 2015 Gold Cup where he played all 90 minutes against the Haiti national team and helped preserve a 1–0 clean sheet. He scored his first international goal on May 22, 2016, in a friendly against Puerto Rico at the Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.


title: Tim Ream

text: In January 2012, Ream married his childhood sweetheart Kristen Sapienza, who is also a soccer player. Twenty-four hours after getting married Ream canceled his honeymoon planned in Tahiti to undergo a move to Bolton Wanderers. Ream later stated in The Bolton News interview that he still made a right choice in canceling his honeymoon.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: The Sign of the Four (1890), also called The Sign of Four, is the second novel featuring Sherlock Holmes by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle wrote four novels and 56 short stories featuring the fictional detective.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: On a foggy day in 1888, Dr. Watson remonstrates with Holmes about his cocaine addiction. Holmes claims he needs a problem to solve and is bored; shortly thereafter, Miss Mary Morstan arrives with a case.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Miss Morstan explains that, in December 1878, her father Captain Morstan had arrived in London, on leave from his post as a convict guard in the Andaman Islands. He requested her to meet him at the Langham Hotel, but he was not there when she arrived. Mary contacted Major John Sholto, a former convict guard who had known her father and was now living in England; however, he denied having seen Morstan, and Morstan was never heard from again. Four years later, Miss Morstan answered an anonymous newspaper advertisement, asking for her whereabouts. She then received a large and valuable pearl in the post, a gift repeated once a year for six years. With the sixth pearl, she received a letter asking for a meeting, claiming she has been "wronged". Holmes takes the case, and soon discovers that Major Sholto had died in 1882; within a week of his death, Mary received the first pearl. The only further clue Mary can give Holmes is a map of a fortress found in her father's desk, appended with the words " "The Sign of the Four: Jonathan Small, Mahomet Singh, Abdullah Khan, and Dost Akbar" ".


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Holmes, Watson, and Mary meet with Major Sholto's son Thaddeus, the anonymous sender of the pearls. Thaddeus explains that Morstan "had" visited Major Sholto, to demand his half of a great treasure that Sholto had secretly brought back from India. The two men quarreled, and Captain Morstan suffered a heart attack and died, striking his head on the brazen treasure box as he fell. Afraid he would be suspected of murder, Major Sholto buried the body and hid the treasure, leaving out a small gold chaplet studded with twelve pearls. Thaddeus and his twin brother Bartholomew knew nothing of these events, until an unexpected letter from India caused their father to faint, and sicken to his death. On his deathbed, he confessed the truth to them; he was about to reveal to them where the treasure was hidden, when a bearded man appeared at the window and the Major died of sheer fright. The man fled, but the brothers later found a note reading "The Sign of the Four" pinned to their dead father's body. Thaddeus began sending Mary the pearls to make things right, and the brothers searched for the treasure. Six years later, Bartholomew found and withheld it; Thaddeus has contacted Mary so they can both confront Bartholomew and demand their shares.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: The party heads to Bartholomew's house, Pondicherry Lodge, only to find that he is dead from a poisoned dart, and the treasure is missing. While the police wrongly take Thaddeus in as a suspect, Holmes deduces from several clues that there are two persons involved in the murder: a one-legged white man named Jonathan Small, and a very small, tribal Andamanese accomplice. Borrowing Toby, a trained scent hound, from a naturalist, Holmes traces the pair to a boat landing. Learning Small has hired a steam launch named the "Aurora", Holmes, with the help of the Baker Street Irregulars and his own disguises, traces the boat to a repair yard. In a police launch, Holmes and Watson pursue the "Aurora" when it flees the yard; the islander attempts to shoot a dart at Holmes, and is shot dead himself. Small attempts to flee, running the "Aurora" aground, but is captured. However, the brass box is empty; Small, not wanting to surrender the gems, scattered them overboard into the Thames.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Small confesses that he was once a soldier of the Third Buffs in India, and lost his right leg to a crocodile while bathing in the Ganges. He then became an overseer on an indigo plantation; the 1857 rebellion occurred, and he was forced to flee to the Agra fortress. While standing guard one night, he was overpowered by some Sikh troopers, who gave him a choice; be immediately killed, or help them waylay Achmed, a disguised servant of an outlawed rajah, who had sent Achmed with a box of jewelry to the British for safekeeping. The robbery and murder took place, but the crime was discovered, although the hidden jewels were not. Small and his accomplices got penal servitude on the Andaman Islands.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Many years later, Small learned that Major Sholto and Captain Morstan had lost much money at cards. Small saw his chance, and made a deal with the officers; Sholto would recover the treasure, and in return send a boat to pick up Morstan, Small and the Sikhs so they could all meet and divide it. However, Sholto stole the treasure for himself, returning to England after inheriting a fortune from his uncle. Morstan went after Sholto but never returned, and Small vowed vengeance against Sholto. Four years later, Small escaped prison with the help of an islander named Tonga, whose life Small had once saved. It was the news of this escape that shocked Sholto into his fatal illness. Small arrived too late to hear of the treasure's location, but left the note in the room anyway. When Bartholomew found the treasure, Small only planned to steal it; however, a miscommunication led Tonga to kill Bartholomew before Small could stop him. Small decides the treasure brings nothing but bad luck to anyone who has it; to Achmed and Bartholomew, death; to Major Sholto, fear and guilt; and for Small himself, penal servitude for life.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Mary is left with no treasure, save the pearls; however, she and Watson have fallen in love over the course of the adventure. Watson reveals to Holmes that he has proposed to her and that she has accepted, much to Holmes' annoyance.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle described how he was commissioned to write the story over a dinner with Joseph Marshall Stoddart, managing editor of the American publication "Lippincott's Monthly Magazine", at the Langham Hotel in London on 30 August 1889. Stoddart wanted to produce an English version of "Lippincott’s" with a British editor and British contributors. The dinner was also attended by Oscar Wilde, who eventually contributed "The Picture of Dorian Gray" to the July 1890 issue. Doyle discussed what he called this "golden evening" in his 1924 autobiography "Memories and Adventures".


title: The Sign of the Four

text: The novel first appeared in the February 1890 edition of "Lippincott's Monthly Magazine" as "The Sign of the Four; or The Problem of the Sholtos", appearing in both London and Philadelphia. The British edition of the magazine originally sold for a shilling, and the American for 25 cents. Surviving copies are now worth several thousand dollars.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Over the following few months in the same year, the novel was then republished in several regional British journals. These re-serialisations gave the title as "The Sign of Four". The novel was published in book form in October 1890 by Spencer Blackett, again using the title "The Sign of Four". This edition included a frontispiece illustrated by Charles H. M. Kerr. The title of both the British and American editions of this first book edition omitted the second "the" of the original title.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: A German edition of the book published in 1902 was illustrated by Richard Gutschmidt. An edition published by George Newnes Ltd in 1903 was illustrated by F. H. Townsend.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Different editions over the years have varied between the two forms of the title, with most editions favouring the four-word form. The actual text in the novel nearly always uses "the Sign of the Four" (the five-word form) to describe the symbol in the story, although the four-word form is used twice by Jonathan Small in his narrative at the end of the story.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: As with the first story, "A Study in Scarlet", produced two years previously, "The Sign of the Four" was not particularly successful to start with. It was the short stories, published from 1891 onwards in "Strand Magazine", that made household names of Sherlock Holmes and his creator.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: A radio adaptation of the story was broadcast on New York radio station WGY on 9 November 1922. The cast included Edward H. Smith as Sherlock Holmes, F. H. Oliver as Dr. Watson, and Viola Karwowska as Mary Morstan. It was produced as part of a series of adaptations of plays, so it is likely that the script was based on an existing stage adaptation of the story (one was written by John Arthur Fraser in 1901 and another by Charles P. Rice in 1903).


title: The Sign of the Four

text: A six-part adaptation of the novel aired in the radio series "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes". Adapted by Edith Meiser, the episodes aired from 9 November 1932 to 14 December 1932, with Richard Gordon as Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell as Dr. Watson.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: The book was adapted by Felix Felton for the BBC Light Programme in 1959. Richard Hurndall played Holmes and Bryan Coleman played Watson.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: In 1963, the story was dramatised by Michael Hardwick for the BBC Home Service as part of the 1952–1969 radio series, with Carleton Hobbs as Holmes and Norman Shelley as Watson.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: "CBS Radio Mystery Theater" aired a radio version of the story in 1977, starring Kevin McCarthy as Holmes and Court Benson as Watson.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: "The Sign of the Four" was adapted for radio by Bert Coules in 1989 as part of BBC Radio 4's complete Sherlock Holmes 1989–1998 radio series, with Clive Merrison as Holmes, Michael Williams as Watson, and featuring Brian Blessed as Jonathan Small.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: In 2016, the story was adapted as an episode of the American radio series "The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", with John Patrick Lowrie as Holmes and Lawrence Albert as Watson.


title: The Sign of the Four

text: Paul Giovanni's 1978 play "The Crucifer of Blood" is based on the novel. The Broadway premiere featured Paxton Whitehead as Holmes and Timothy Landfield as Watson. The 1979 London production featured Keith Michell as Holmes and Denis Lill as Watson.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Jermaine Lloyd Pennant (born 15 January 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. Pennant made over 350 league appearances for 15 clubs, and scored 25 league goals.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Born in Nottingham, Pennant played for his local side Notts County as a teenager. He earned promising reviews in the youth team at County and Arsenal signed him in 1999. He struggled to make much of an impact at the North London club and spent time on loan at Watford, Leeds United and Birmingham City before joining the latter permanently. While an Arsenal player, he won 24 caps for the England under-21 team. He gained notoriety in 2005, when he had to play a match while on probation – he played while wearing an electronic tag following a drink-driving conviction. Following Birmingham's relegation in 2006, Pennant signed for Liverpool for a fee of £6.7 million. He won the 2006 FA Community Shield and also played a vital role in the club's run to the 2007 UEFA Champions League Final, where Liverpool lost 2–1 to Milan.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: However, off-field problems continued to affect Pennant and consequently led to him being left out of the side. He joined Portsmouth on loan before leaving to join Spanish side Real Zaragoza in 2009. His time in Spain was overshadowed by disciplinary problems. He returned to the Premier League for the 2010–11 season signing on loan at Midlands club Stoke City. Following a successful loan spell, he signed a permanent contract at Stoke in December 2010. He played in the 2011 FA Cup Final, Stoke losing 1–0 to Manchester City, and also played in the UEFA Europa League the following season. Pennant fell out of favour with Tony Pulis in 2012–13 and spent time out on loan at Wolverhampton Wanderers. With his Stoke career looking to be coming to an end, new manager Mark Hughes gave Pennant a new contract. However, after failing to make an impact, he left Stoke in January 2014. He then spent time playing in India with Pune City before returning to England to sign a short-term contract with Wigan Athletic. In January 2016, he signed a one-year deal with Singapore S.League club Tampines Rovers.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant was born in The Meadows area of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. His father Gary was a semi-professional footballer who inspired Pennant to play. Pennant recalls how as a child his favourite toy was a football and how it rarely left his side.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant, who grew up in a crime- and drug-infested neighbourhood, credits football for saving him from a life of crime. When he was 14, he moved away from home and was living with YTS players who were 16, 17 and 18. Notts County provided Pennant a safe haven.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant was signed at age 15 by Arsenal from Notts County for £2 million, a record transfer fee for a trainee at the time.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant's career seemed promising following his move to Arsenal. He made his debut aged 16 years and 319 days against Middlesbrough in the League Cup on 30 November 1999, making him Arsenal's youngest-ever first team player, surpassing Gerry Ward's long-standing record by two days; Pennant's record has since been surpassed by Cesc Fàbregas. He continued to make League Cup appearances over the next few seasons, but had to wait two-and-a-half years for his league debut, as a substitute against West Ham United on 24 August 2002 in the Premier League.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: At first, Pennant became homesick. After that subsided, he began to get sick from not playing. It affected him greatly. He played for Arsenal for seven years and only made five starts, including a hat-trick on his full league debut against Southampton on 7 May 2003. He said in 2018 that he did not expect to start that match, and had been drinking until 6 in the morning the night before. However, these were also his only Arsenal league goals and he did not manage to secure a regular place in an Arsenal side that went on a run of 49 consecutive games without defeat. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger appeared to have eventually lost patience with Pennant, who had a history of turning up late to training. Between 2002 and 2004, Pennant spent time on loan at Watford and Leeds United. Pennant received regular first-team action at Leeds, who were relegated at the conclusion of the 2003–04 season.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant was loaned to Birmingham City for the second half of the 2004–05 season. He made a good start at St Andrew's, providing Walter Pandiani with the winning goal against Southampton on his debut. Pennant then stated he wanted to make his loan move permanent. On 1 March 2005, he was arrested and convicted for drink-driving, driving while disqualified and driving without insurance. He was handed a three-month prison sentence by the courts. Despite this, Birmingham manager Steve Bruce and chairman David Gold vowed to stand by Pennant once his sentence was over. He was released from prison after serving 30 days and wore an electronic tag in a match against Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant signed a permanent contract with Birmingham on 25 April 2005 for a fee of £3 million. He again struggled with discipline problems in 2005–06 as the club battled against relegation. Ultimately, Birmingham were relegated to the Championship after they drew 0–0 with Newcastle United. Following Birmingham's relegation, Liverpool made a bid for Pennant.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: On 26 July 2006, Pennant signed for Liverpool on a four-year contract for a £6.7 million transfer fee, potentially rising to £8 million with add-ons. After impressing in pre-season, Pennant made his Liverpool debut against Maccabi Haifa in a UEFA Champions League third round qualifying match at Anfield, where he went on to win the fans' Star Man award. On 20 January 2007, he scored his first goal for Liverpool in their 2–0 home victory over Chelsea in the Premier League. On 31 March, Pennant participated in a 4–1 win against his former club Arsenal. After not being chosen for the England squad to play Israel and Andorra in March 2007, Pennant expressed the lack of recognition from England manager Steve McClaren as "frustrating".


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant started the 2007–08 season in good form, putting in strong performances on either flank as Liverpool reached the top of the Premier League table in the first month. However, he was again ignored by McClaren for the England team in their European Championship qualifying matches against Israel and Russia, despite the backing of Liverpool manager Rafael Benítez. As Liverpool struggled to regain their early season form following the international break, Pennant too could not maintain his form.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: On 18 September 2007, Pennant was sent off against Porto in Liverpool's opening UEFA Champions League match of the season.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In January 2009, Pennant was loaned out to Portsmouth, where he spent the second half of the 2008–09 season. He played 13 league matches for Portsmouth without scoring a goal. Pennant was not offered a new contract by Liverpool following his return, and he subsequently became a free agent when his contract expired on 1 July 2009.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: On 9 July 2009, Pennant passed a medical and signed a three-year deal at Real Zaragoza. He made his La Liga debut on the first matchday of the season, playing 71 minutes in Zaragoza's 1–0 win over Tenerife. On 24 February 2010, he was reprimanded by coach José Aurelio Gay after turning up late for training three times in the space of two weeks; he was sent home on the third occasion and disciplined. He never played for Real Zaragoza again.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: On 31 August 2010, the final day of the summer transfer window, Pennant agreed a four-month loan deal with Premier League side Stoke City. He made his Stoke debut as a substitute in the home match against Aston Villa on 13 September 2010. Manager Tony Pulis indicated he would look to make Pennant's loan switch permanent in the January transfer window. Pennant also expressed his desire to stay at Stoke after his loan spell.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant joined Stoke on a permanent transfer on 29 December 2010, signing a two-and-a-half-year contract for an initial fee of £1.725 million which could eventually rise to £2.8 million.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Following his transfer, Pulis stated that Pennant must not become complacent. He scored his first goal for Stoke in a 4–0 win over Newcastle United in March 2011, contributed an assist in their 5–0 defeat of Bolton Wanderers in the FA Cup semi-final, and scored his second goal of the season as they defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 3–0 a week later. He also scored against his former club Arsenal. Pennant played in the 2011 FA Cup Final as Stoke lost 1–0 to Manchester City.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant was handed the number 7 shirt prior to the start of the 2011–12 season. However, he reverted to number 16 as a large number of fans had already purchased a replica shirt with his name and old number. Pennant went on to have an up-and-down season as he played in 40 of the club's 59 fixtures (starting in 23), helping the side reach the round of 32 of the UEFA Europa League and the quarter-final of the FA Cup. But off-the-pitch problems dominated Pennant's season as he broke a club curfew twice, before matches against Everton and Crawley Town. This led to speculation over his future at the club, but Pennant insisted he was not looking to leave the Britannia Stadium.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: However, with the arrival of Wolverhampton Wanderers winger Michael Kightly, Pennant was unable to force his way back into Tony Pulis' plans, and on 12 October 2012, he moved to Wolves on an emergency three-month loan deal. He did not have the best of spells at Molineux, making just ten starts and was jeered by some of the Wolves support for some poor performances, and returned to Stoke in January 2013. After returning to Stoke, Pennant found himself out of the first team and looked to be leaving at the end of the 2012–13 season after the deadline for an appearances-related contract extension expired, and he was included on Stoke's released list. However, new Stoke manager Mark Hughes offered Pennant a one-year contract, which he accepted.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant returned to the side for the 2013–14 season, and on 31 August 2013, he scored a free-kick against West Ham United in a 1–0 victory. However, after making little impact under Hughes, his contract was terminated on 24 January 2014.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: On 6 November 2014, Pennant joined Indian Super League side Pune City. He played seven times for Pune as they finished in sixth position.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant returned to England and joined Championship club Wigan Athletic on 21 February 2015 until the end of the season on a free transfer. He played 13 times and scored three goals, all of which were free-kicks, but was unable to help prevent Wigan suffering relegation to the third tier. He was offered a new contract with the club, but chose not to accept.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: After nothing came of a trial with Thai club Muang Thong United, Pennant had a trial in January 2016 with the Singapore-based Tampines Rovers, which led to a 12-month contract. According to the local media, he was to take a 70% pay cut from his salary at Wigan. On 26 February 2016, he scored his first goal in a friendly match against Hougang United from a free-kick. Pennant went on to score against Home United and against Warriors FC.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant returned to English football in January 2017 on a short-term contract with League One club Bury.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant had a trial spell with Scottish Premiership club Hibernian during July 2017, but the club decided against offering him a contract.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: He then signed a two-year deal with Isthmian League Premier Division side Billericay Town. On 28 December 2017, Pennant left Billericay Town, after just four months, having made 13 appearances league (1 goal) and 2 in the FA Cup.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: While on the England under-21 team, Pennant was sent home by head coach David Platt for breaking a curfew before an important match against Turkey. He later apologised for his actions. He was also sent off for punching Niko Kranjčar in a match against the Croatia under-21s. However, he did manage to make 24 appearances for the U21s in total, making him one of the ten most-capped Englishmen at this level.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Despite being of Jamaican and Irish descent, he opted to represent England internationally; although he played at under-21 level, he did not play for the senior team. In March 2011, Pennant revealed that though he would still "love to play for England", he had made the Football Association of Ireland aware he was interested in representing the Republic of Ireland, saying, "If I've got a chance to play international football with Ireland, I'm going to take it with both hands."


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant played as a right winger. He had been described by former Newcastle United left-back José Enrique as a player with similar style to that of Aaron Lennon and Theo Walcott. Pennant was also able to use skill to beat opponents' full backs.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In February 2004, Pennant was given a 16-month driving ban after being caught drink-driving in Paddington, West London. On 23 January 2005, he was arrested and again charged with drink-driving, and driving while uninsured, after crashing his Mercedes into a lamp-post in Aylesbury while still serving the ban for the first offence. During questioning, Pennant initially identified himself as his friend Ashley Cole. Pennant pleaded guilty to drink-driving and driving while disqualified, and was sentenced to 90 days in prison on 1 March. He was released on parole after 30 days and immediately returned to playing for Birmingham City, although he had to wear an electronic tag at all times, including while on the pitch. It emerged during the trial that he was illiterate.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In January 2011, Pennant's Porsche Turbo with his personal number plate was found abandoned at a railway station in Zaragoza with five months' worth of parking tickets. He was reported to have forgotten he owned the car. In April 2012, Pennant was arrested for drink driving, driving while disqualified and without insurance after being involved in a traffic collision. The following month, he was banned from driving for three years and given an eight-week jail sentence, suspended for a year.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In 2007, Pennant began dating glamour model Amii Grove. Following a domestic disturbance in July 2007, he was arrested for a Section 5 public order offence – using words or behaviour likely to cause distress – for which he had to pay a fixed penalty fine. According to Grove, she ended the relationship upon finding CCTV footage of Pennant cheating, and "took revenge by destroying £200,000 of his designer gear". In December 2008, Pennant's front gates at his home in Cheshire was ram-raided by burglars in an attempted robbery.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Until January 2008, Pennant was dating "Hollyoaks" actress Jennifer Metcalfe. In October 2008, he reunited with former girlfriend Amii Grove following the death of her brother and became engaged. Soon afterwards, Pennant's father Gary was convicted on drug dealing charges and sentenced to four years imprisonment. In early 2009, Pennant and Grove broke up and Pennant began dating Metcalfe again.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In May 2010, Pennant became engaged to Lara Murphy, with whom he had a son named Trey who was born in August 2010. The relationship with Murphy ended when his son was one year old, when Pennant left her for glamour model Alice Goodwin. He married Goodwin in May 2014.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: In October 2018, the couple appeared on "The Jeremy Kyle Show", with an appearance on comedy gameshow Your Face or Mine? following in 2019.


title: Jermaine Pennant

text: Pennant's autobiography, "Mental: Bad Behaviour, Ugly Truths and the Beautiful Game", was released in 2018. In the same year, he was a contestant on "Celebrity Big Brother".


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: WWE Money in the Bank is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event, produced annually since 2010 by WWE, the world's largest professional wrestling promotion. The event is named after the Money in the Bank ladder match, which had originally only taken place at WrestleMania. The Money in the Bank ladder match debuted at WrestleMania 21 in April 2005 and was featured at the next five WrestleMania events. Following WrestleMania XXVI in March 2010, the match concept was spun off into its own PPV beginning in July that year, with the match no longer occurring at WrestleMania. In addition to PPV, the event has aired on the WWE Network since 2014 and Peacock since 2021. In August 2021, the event became recognized as one of the company's five biggest events of the year, along with the Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, referred to as the "Big Five".


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: From 2010 to 2013, the event occupied the July slot of WWE's pay-per-view calendar before moving to June from 2014 to 2018, after which, it was held in May before returning to its original July slot in 2021.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: The event was introduced during WWE's first brand extension period, and the events in 2010 and 2011 featured wrestlers from the Raw and SmackDown brands. The first brand split then ended in August 2011. In mid-2016, the brand extension was reintroduced and the 2017 event was held exclusively for SmackDown. However, following WrestleMania 34 in April 2018, brand-exclusive pay-per-views were again discontinued. While the eponymous match was originally only for male wrestlers, the 2017 event featured the first-ever women's version and the events since have featured two matches, one each for the men and women.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: The "Money in the Bank" pay-per-view (PPV) centers around a ladder match, the prize of which is a briefcase containing a contract for a championship match. The winner can then cash in the contract at a time and place of their choosing anytime within the next year – beginning the night they win the briefcase. If the contract is not used within that year, it is voided, but this has yet to happen. Only the holder of the Money in the Bank contract can be the one to cash-in the contract.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: In 2005, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) established the Money in the Bank ladder match as an annual match at their marquee event, WrestleMania, debuting at WrestleMania 21. The idea for the match was conceptualized by then-WWE wrestler Chris Jericho and former WWE writer Brian Gewirtz. Following WrestleMania XXVI in March 2010, WWE established a separate Money in the Bank event as a gimmick PPV; the match subsequently ceased being held at WrestleMania. The inaugural event was held on July 18, 2010, at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: In 2010 and 2011, the annual pay-per-views included two Money in the Bank ladder matches. To coincide with the brand extension, one ladder match was for wrestlers from the Raw brand with a match contract for the brand's WWE Championship, while the other ladder match was for the SmackDown brand with a match contract for its World Heavyweight Championship. In April 2011, WWE ceased using its full name with the WWE abbreviation becoming an orphaned initialism. The brand split then ended in August 2011; although the brand split ended, the Money in the Bank pay-per-views continued to have two ladder matches for match contracts for the respective titles. After the two titles were unified in , a championship match contract for the unified WWE World Heavyweight Championship became the prize of a single Money in the Bank ladder match. Also in 2014, the event moved to the June slot and it was also the first Money in the Bank event to air on WWE's online streaming service, the WWE Network, in addition to traditional PPV outlets. The brand split returned after the 2016 event, but the 2017 pay-per-view was SmackDown-exclusive. The championship match contract in the ladder match was for SmackDown's WWE Championship (formerly WWE World Heavyweight Championship). The 2017 event also featured the first-ever women's Money in the Bank ladder match with its contract being for a SmackDown Women's Championship match; each event since has featured a men's and women's match.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: The 2017 event would be the only Money in the Bank PPV to be brand-exclusive, as following WrestleMania 34 in April 2018, brand-exclusive pay-per-views were discontinued, thus the events since have involved both the Raw and SmackDown brands. Beginning with the 2018 event, the ladder matches had eight participants evenly divided between the brands. The 2018 contracts granted the winners a championship match for their respective brand's world championship: the Universal Championship or WWE Championship, and the Raw Women's Championship or SmackDown Women's Championship. Beginning with the 2019 event, the winners can choose either brand's championship. The 2019 event also moved Money in the Bank to the May slot in WWE's pay-per-view calendar.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, that year's event saw the number of competitors in both matches decreased to six. Additionally, while the rules of the match itself remained the same, a new "Corporate Ladder" gimmick was also added to the matches, in which the participants had to travel from the ground floor of WWE Global Headquarters to the roof in order to reach the briefcases, which were suspended above a ring on the roof. Additionally for 2020, both the men's and women's matches took place at the same time. While the ladder matches were pre-recorded as cinematic matches, all of the other matches took place live from the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida, with no fans in attendance. Additionally, the 2020 event was the first event to directly award a championship for winning the Money in the Bank ladder match; on the following night's episode of "Raw", it was revealed that the women's ladder match had actually been for the Raw Women's Championship due to reigning champion Becky Lynch going on maternity leave.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: In August 2020, WWE began holding Raw and SmackDown's shows in a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome. In May 2021, the company announced that they would be leaving the ThunderDome and returning to live touring, beginning with the July 16 episode of "SmackDown" in Houston, Texas. The 2021 Money in the Bank was in turn announced to take place at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas on July 18—returning the event to its original July slot—thus it was the first WWE pay-per-view held outside of Florida since Elimination Chamber on March 8, 2020, and the first pay-per-view held following the end of the ThunderDome Era. The 2021 event also reverted to the standard version of the titular ladder matches as well as returning to having eight competitors for both matches, evenly divided between the two brands. The 2021 event was also the first Money in the Bank to air on Peacock's WWE Network channel, following the merger of the American version of the WWE Network under Peacock in March that year.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: The 2022 event was announced during the 2021 SummerSlam, which was held at the Allegiant Stadium in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada. Money in the Bank was initially announced to be held at the same venue on July 2, 2022, which would have marked the first time for a Money in the Bank event to be held in a National Football League stadium. However, on May 26, 2022, it was announced that the event had been moved to the nearby MGM Grand Garden Arena, although still on the same date, thus marking the first Money in the Bank to be held on a Saturday. While Money in the Bank had been established as one of WWE's monthly PPVs held between their "Big Four" shows (Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series), in August 2021, WWE President and Chief Revenue Officer Nick Khan referred to Money in the Bank as one of the company's "five annual tentpoles", thus elevating the event's status as one of WWE's five biggest events of the year, referred to as the "Big Five". The 2022 event also reduced the number of participants in the women's match to seven with an uneven division of wrestlers between the two brands—it featured four wrestlers from Raw and three from SmackDown; the men's match was originally announced with just seven, but during the event, it was expanded to eight participants, evenly divided between the two brands. Also beginning with the 2022 event, the winner can use the contract on any championship.


title: WWE Money in the Bank

text: Money in the Bank is the only WWE pay-per-view event with a regular theme song. This is in stark contrast to WWE's other pay-per-view events, which use songs sponsored by mainstream recording artists, which was the case with the first event using "Money" by I Fight Dragons. From 2011 to 2018, "Money in the Bank" by former in-house WWE composer Jim Johnston was used as the event's theme song. Before the advent of the pay-per-view, Johnston's song was used as the entrance music for Donald Trump for his numerous guest appearances on WWE television. Since 2019, the theme song for event has been "Gotta Get That", written by WWE's current in-house composer def rebel.


title: Chris Coons

text: Christopher Andrew Coons (born September 9, 1963) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Delaware since 2010. A member of the Democratic Party, Coons served as the county executive of New Castle County from 2005 to 2010.


title: Chris Coons

text: Raised in Hockessin, Delaware, Coons graduated from Amherst College in Massachusetts, where he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He received graduate degrees from Yale Divinity School and Yale Law School. He went to work as a volunteer relief worker in Kenya, where he had taken classes in the University of Nairobi, later returning to the U.S. to work for the Coalition for the Homeless in New York. He spent some time as a legal clerk in New York before returning to Delaware in 1996, where he spent eight years as in-house counsel for a materials manufacturing company. In the interim he worked for several nonprofit organizations.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons served as president of the New Castle County Council from 2001 to 2005 and county executive of New Castle County from 2005 to 2010. He balanced the county budget with a surplus in fiscal year 2010 by cutting spending and raising taxes, and the county maintained a AAA bond rating. Coons contested the 2010 Senate special election for Delaware. He defeated the Republican nominee, Christine O'Donnell, to succeed Ted Kaufman, who had been appointed to the seat when Joe Biden resigned to become Vice President of the United States. He was elected to a full term in 2014. Coons is the chair of the Senate Ethics Committee. His other committee assignments include Appropriations, Foreign Relations, Judiciary, and Small Business and Entrepreneurship. He previously served as ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on African Affairs and the Judiciary Subcommittee on Bankruptcy and the Courts.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons co-chaired the 2017 and 2019 National Prayer Breakfasts and co-chairs the weekly Senate Prayer Breakfast. "The New York Times" called him an "effective" emissary of Joe Biden to former and current Republican lawmakers in Biden's 2020 campaign for president.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the son of Sarah Louise "Sally" (née Ives) and Kenelm Winslow "Ken" Coons. His ancestry includes English and Irish. Coons grew up in Hockessin, Delaware, where he attended the public Yorklyn Elementary School and later H.B. DuPont Middle School. His parents struggled financially and divorced in the mid-1970s. He and his two brothers lived with their mother for a few years until 1977, when his mother married Robert W. Gore, the President of W. L. Gore and Associates.


title: Chris Coons

text: He graduated from the private Tower Hill School and then Amherst College in 1985 with a Bachelor of Arts in chemistry and political science. While in college, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Sigma chapter) and a U.S. Senate intern. In 1983, Coons was awarded a Truman Scholarship. During his junior year of college, he studied abroad at the University of Nairobi in Kenya through St. Lawrence University's Kenya Semester Program. In 1992, he earned a master's degree in ethics from Yale Divinity School and a J.D. degree from Yale Law School. In 2018, Delaware State University named Coons as an Honorary Doctor in Humane Letters.


title: Chris Coons

text: After college, Coons worked in Washington, D.C., for the Investor Responsibility Research Center, where he wrote a book on South Africa and the U.S. divestment movement. He then worked as a volunteer for the South African Council of Churches and as a relief worker in Kenya, before returning to the U.S. to work for the National Coalition for the Homeless in New York. In 1992, he earned a J.D. degree from Yale Law School, and a master's degree in ethics from Yale Divinity School.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons clerked for Judge Jane Richards Roth on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and then worked for the National "I Have a Dream" Foundation in New York. After returning to Delaware in 1996, Coons began his eight-year career as in-house counsel for W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, Delaware-based makers of Gore-Tex fabrics and other high-tech materials. There he was responsible for the ethics training program, federal government relations, e-commerce legal work, and for general commercial contracting.


title: Chris Coons

text: He has also worked for several nonprofits, including the Coalition for the Homeless, the education-oriented "I Have a Dream" Foundation, and the South African Council of Churches. Coons has served on several boards including First State Innovation, the Bear/Glasgow Boys & Girls Club, and the Delaware College of Art & Design.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons first became involved in politics working on behalf of Republican politicians. As a 17-year-old, in 1980, he independently campaigned for Ronald Reagan's presidential run. He also worked on Bill Roth's U.S. Senate campaign in 1982. During college, he switched from being a Republican to a Democrat and in 1988, Coons became the issues director for the U.S. Senate campaign of Democratic Delaware Lt. Gov. Shien Biau Woo. He was a delegate from Wilmington to the 1996 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.


title: Chris Coons

text: His first elected office was president of the New Castle County Council, elected in 2000 and serving four years before being elected county executive in 2004. He was the endorsed candidate of the New Castle County Democratic Party in 2008, and was re-nominated by the party on September 9, 2008. Coons was re-elected on November 4, 2008, unopposed in the general election. In his six years in office as county executive, Coons balanced the budget with a surplus in fiscal year 2010 by cutting spending and raising taxes. As New Castle county executive, Coons raised taxes despite having campaigned on a promise not to increase them. New Castle County maintained a AAA bond rating throughout his tenure.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons ran in the 2010 special election for the U.S. Senate seat then held by Democrat Ted Kaufman, who was appointed after Joe Biden resigned to take office as vice president. Kaufman had been appointed as a placeholder, and did not run in the special election. Coons was unopposed in the Democratic primary, and expected to face Republican Congressman and former Governor Mike Castle in the general election. He was considered a decided underdog in due to Castle's moderate profile and longstanding popularity in the state, but the dynamics of the race were significantly altered when Christine O'Donnell, a considerably more conservative Republican who had been Biden's opponent in 2008, upset Castle in the Republican primary.


title: Chris Coons

text: In the first post-primary polls, Rasmussen Reports showed Coons with a double-digit lead over O'Donnell, describing this as a "remarkable turnaround" given that the race had leaned Republican before O'Donnell's primary victory. In the first week of October, Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind Poll showed Coons with a 17-point lead, 53%-36%, over O'Donnell, and that 85% of self-identified Democratic voters had united behind Coons, while only 68% of Republican voters endorsed O'Donnell. Days before the election, a second Fairleigh Dickinson poll showed Coons leading 57% to 36% among likely voters, and 72% to 20% among voters who described themselves as moderates. As polls closed at 8 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, multiple news sources announced that Coons had defeated O'Donnell based on exit poll data. Final results gave Coons close to a 17-point margin over O'Donnell, with 56.6% of the vote to her 40%.


title: Chris Coons

text: During the campaign, a controversy arose about an article Coons wrote in 1985 for his college newspaper titled "Chris Coons: The Making of a Bearded Marxist". In it, he described his transformation from a Republican to what Fox News described as a "Democrat suspicious of America's power and ideals." Dave Hoffman, a Coons campaign spokesman, said the title of the article was designed as a humorous take-off on a joke Coons's college friends had made about how his time outside the country had affected his outlook. "After witnessing crushing poverty and the consequences of the Reagan Administration's 'constructive engagement' with the South African apartheid regime, he rethought his political views, returned to the America he loved and proudly registered as a Democrat," Hoffman said in a statement to "Politico".


title: Chris Coons

text: According to Fox News, Coons was "targeted by Republicans" over the 25-year-old piece. Coons downplayed the article, as well as controversial past statements by O'Donnell, saying that voters were interested in current issues such as job creation and the national debt and not "particularly interested in statements that either of us made 20 or 30 years ago." David Weigel wrote in "Slate", "If the Tea Party Express slings the 'bearded Marxist' nonsense, I doubt it will work."


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons was elected to his first full term by defeating Republican challenger Kevin Wade and Green Party candidate Andrew Gross on November 4, 2014. Wade, an engineer and businessman, also ran against U.S. Senator Tom Carper in 2012. Coons won 55.8% of the popular vote (130,655 to Wade's 98,823 and to Groff's 4,560).


title: Chris Coons

text: In the 2020 Democratic primary election, Coons easily defeated technology executive Jessica Scarane, a progressive challenger endorsed by groups like Brand New Congress. In the general election, Coons faced Republican nominee Lauren Witzke, a controversial conservative activist and conspiracy theorist calling for a ten-year immigration moratorium. Coons and Witzke took part in a digital debate hosted by the Jewish Federation of Delaware, in which they debated the merits of late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as Witzke's comments about the QAnon conspiracy theory. In the November general election, Coons defeated Witzke, 59-38%.


title: Chris Coons

text: On November 15, 2010, Coons was sworn in as Delaware's newest senator by Vice President Joe Biden, the former occupant of Coons's Senate seat. Joe Manchin of West Virginia was sworn in on the same day, though he took an advantage in seniority over Coons, as the former governor of West Virginia.


title: Chris Coons

text: The Affordable Care Act (commonly called Obamacare) had already been passed when Coons took office, but he has voted against repealing it, emphasizing that seniors in Delaware would have to pay higher prescription drug prices if it was repealed. In September 2017, Coons said the Graham-Cassidy bill, meant to replace the Affordable Care Act, would be playing "Russian roulette with the American health care system."


title: Chris Coons

text: On abortion, Coons has received a 100% rating from the Planned Parenthood Action Fund and a 0% rating from the National Right to Life Committee.


title: Chris Coons

text: In June 2013, after the death of Democratic senator Frank Lautenberg of New Jersey, Coons was appointed to his seat on the influential Appropriations Committee, becoming the first senator from Delaware to serve on the committee in 40 years. As a result, he gave up his seat on the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.


title: Chris Coons

text: In October 2013, Coons announced the formation of the inaugural Senate Chicken Caucus in the United States Senate. He stated, "I hope that the Senate Chicken Caucus will give America's chicken producers a platform to better inform legislators about the industry's vital contributions to our economy, and promote policy solutions that help their businesses grow and thrive."


title: Chris Coons

text: On December 11, 2013, Coons introduced the Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2013 (S. 1799; 113th Congress), a bill that would reauthorize the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 and would authorize funding through 2018 to help child abuse victims. Coons said that "we have a responsibility to protect our children from violence and abuse."


title: Chris Coons

text: In March 2014, Coons voted against President Obama's nomination of civil rights lawyer Debo Adegbile for Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, even though he believed that Adegbile would have been "an asset to the Justice Department." He stated that voting for a nominee "who would face such visceral opposition from law enforcement on his first day on the job" was troubling and the vote was "one of the most difficult I have taken since joining the Senate". Obama described the Senate's vote against Adegbile as "a travesty based on wildly unfair character attacks against a good and qualified public servant." An open letter to Coons from students, faculty and alumni of the Yale Law and Divinity Schools, of which Coons is an alumnus, criticized his vote as "alarm[ing]" and "signal[ing] a lack of respect for the fundamental American legal principle that all parties have a right to zealous representation."


title: Chris Coons

text: In April 2017, after President Trump tweeted that North Korea had "disrespected the wishes of China & its highly respected President" with a recent missile launch, Coons said Trump understood China was his sole "constructive path forward on North Korea" but that diplomacy would not work through tweeting.


title: Chris Coons

text: In July 2017, Coons voted in favor of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act that placed sanctions on Iran together with Russia and North Korea.


title: Chris Coons

text: In April 2018, following the FBI raid on the hotel room and offices of Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, Coons, Cory Booker, Lindsey Graham, and Thom Tillis introduced new legislation to "limit President Trump's ability to fire special counsel Robert Mueller". Termed the Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act, the legislation would allow any special counsel, in this case Mueller, receive an "expedited judicial review" in the 10 days following being dismissed to determine whether the dismissal was appropriate. If not, the special counsel would be reinstated. At the same time, according to "The Hill", the bill would "codify regulations" that a special counsel could be fired only by a senior Justice Department official, while having to provide reasons in writing.


title: Chris Coons

text: In November 2020, Coons was named a candidate for Secretary of State in the Biden Administration. Biden ultimately chose Antony Blinken to lead the State Department, telling Coons, "I need you in the Senate." Coons is seen as among President Biden's closest allies in the Senate and is poised to broker political power during Biden's presidency.


title: Chris Coons

text: During the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Coons was evacuated from the Senate chambers, along with other senators and staff. He said there were "some scary and chaotic moments" during the attack. When the Senate reconvened to certify the Electoral College vote count, Coons called for Trump's removal, saying he "poses a real and present threat to the future of our democracy". He called for the invocation of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution the day after the event on "Good Morning America". That same day, January 7, he called for Republicans Josh Hawley and Ted Cruz, who both challenged the election results, to resign from the Senate.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons supported "Roe v. Wade" and believes abortion should remain legal throughout the country. In 2015, he signed an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in "Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt" that urged the Court to step in to prevent states from enacting laws that restrict access to abortion. Coons described the June 2022 overturning of "Roe v. Wade" as taking away "the fundamental freedom for women to make their own choices about their body and their future."


title: Chris Coons

text: In June 2019, Coons and 18 other Democratic senators sent USDA Inspector General Phyllis K. Fong a letter requesting that she investigate USDA instances of retaliation and political decision-making and asserting that not to conduct an investigation would mean these "actions could be perceived as a part of this administration’s broader pattern of not only discounting the value of federal employees, but suppressing, undermining, discounting, and wholesale ignoring scientific data produced by their own qualified scientists."


title: Chris Coons

text: In 2019, Coons and 34 other senators introduced the Child Care for Working Families Act. The bill would create 770,000 new child-care jobs and ensure families with less than 75% of the state median income do not pay for child care, with higher-earning families having to pay "their fair share for care on a sliding scale, regardless of the number of children they have." The legislation also supports universal access to high-quality preschool programs for all 3- and 4-year-olds and changes the child care workforce's compensation and training to aid both teachers and caregivers. The bill has not made it out of committee as of August 2020.


title: Chris Coons

text: In April 2019, Coons was one of 12 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to top senators on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development advocating that the Energy Department be granted maximum funding for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), arguing that investment in viable options to capture carbon emissions could stimulate American job growth and expressing disagreement with Trump's 2020 budget request to combine the two federal programs that include carbon capture research. Coons was revealed in a sting operation by Greenpeace to be a target for ExxonMobil in efforts to weaken the climate regulations in President Biden's INVEST in America Act.


title: Chris Coons

text: As of 2010, Coons had a "F" rating from the National Rifle Association due to his stance on gun control. In 2015, he and 23 other Democratic senators signed a letter to Obama asking him to take executive action on gun control in the wake of the Umpqua Community College shooting. Coons supported the Feinstein Amendment, which sought to ban known and suspected terrorists from buying firearms. The next year, he participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster.


title: Chris Coons

text: In December 2010, Coons voted for the ratification of New START, a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and Russian Federation obliging both countries to have no more than 1,550 strategic warheads as well as 700 launchers deployed during the next seven years along with providing a continuation of on-site inspections that halted when START I expired the previous year. It was the first arms treaty with Russia in eight years.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons is a member of the Senate Foreign Relations committee and is a staunch supporter of Israel. He has also been a guest speaker at AIPAC events. Coons is also a co-sponsor of a Senate resolution expressing objection to the UN Security Council Resolution 2334 because it undermines direct talks between the parties.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons condemned the genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis.


title: Chris Coons

text: In October 2018, Coons was one of seven senators to sign a letter to United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo expressing that they found it "difficult to reconcile known facts with at least two" of the Trump administration's certifications that Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were attempting to protect Yemeni civilians and were in compliance with US laws on arms sales, citing their lack of understanding for "a certification that the Saudi and Emirati governments are complying with applicable agreements and laws regulating defense articles when the [memo] explicitly states that, in certain instances, they have not done so."


title: Chris Coons

text: In November 2018, Coons joined Senator Marco Rubio and a bipartisan group of lawmakers in sending the Trump administration a letter raising concerns about China's undue influence over media outlets and academic institutions in the United States. They wrote, "In American news outlets, Beijing has used financial ties to suppress negative information about the CCP. In the past four years, multiple media outlets with direct or indirect financial ties to China allegedly decided not to publish stories on wealth and corruption in the CCP...Beijing has also sought to use relationships with American academic institutions and student groups to shape public discourse."


title: Chris Coons

text: In April 2019, Coons was one of 34 senators to sign a letter to Trump encouraging him "to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse a decision that will damage our national security and aggravate conditions inside Central America", asserting that Trump had "consistently expressed a flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance" since becoming president and that he was "personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity" by preventing the use of Fiscal Year 2018 national security funding. The senators argued that foreign assistance to Central American countries created less migration to the U.S., arguing that the funding improved conditions in those countries.


title: Chris Coons

text: On June 6, 2021, Coons and Senators Tammy Duckworth and Dan Sullivan visited Taipei in an U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III transport to meet President Tsai Ing-wen and Minister Joseph Wu during the pandemic outbreak of Taiwan to announce President Joe Biden's donation plan of 750,000 COVID-19 vaccines included in the global COVAX program.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons supports free-trade agreements. He opposed the Obama-era government bailouts. He is against right-to-work laws, and supports internet sales tax.


title: Chris Coons

text: In April 2019, Coons was one of 41 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to the housing subcommittee praising the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development's Section 4 Capacity Building program for authorizing "HUD to partner with national nonprofit community development organizations to provide education, training, and financial support to local community development corporations (CDCs) across the country" and expressing disappointment that Trump's budget "has slated this program for elimination after decades of successful economic and community development." The senators wrote of their hope that the subcommittee would support continued funding for Section 4 in Fiscal Year 2020.


title: Chris Coons

text: In May 2018, Coons was one of 12 senators to sign a letter to Chairman of the Federal Labor Relations Authority Colleen Kiko urging the FLRA to end efforts to close its Boston regional office until Congress debated the matter, adding that closing the FLRA's seven regional offices would cause staff to be placed farther away from the federal employees whose rights they protect.


title: Chris Coons

text: On March 5, 2021, Coons voted against Bernie Sanders's amendment to include a $15/hour minimum wage in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.


title: Chris Coons

text: In September 2014, Coons was one of 69 members of the US House and Senate to sign a letter to then-FDA commissioner Sylvia Burwell requesting that the FDA revise its policy banning donation of corneas and other tissues by men who have had sex with another man in the preceding 5 years.


title: Chris Coons

text: In October 2018, Coons was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging him to reverse the rollback of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions that are not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBTQ individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities" and that refusing to let LGBTQ diplomats bring their partners to the US would be equivalent to upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world."


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons proposed the Stronger Patents Act, which would make it more expensive to challenge patents and thus easier to enforce them.


title: Chris Coons

text: Coons is married to the former Annie Lingenfelter. They have three children, twins Mike and Jack, and daughter Maggie, and they live in Wilmington, Delaware. Coons is Presbyterian, his wife is Catholic, and they attend St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in the city. Coons describes himself as "someone who is, privately, fairly religious," though he has never thought "that needs to be a big part of [campaigning]."


title: Chris Coons

text: In 1999, he was awarded the Governor's Outstanding Volunteer Award for his work with the "I Have a Dream" Foundation, the Governor's Mentoring Council, and the United Way of Delaware.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Green Jellÿ (, "green Jell-O") is an American comedy rock band formed in 1981. Originally named Green Jellö, the band changed its name due to legal pressure from Kraft Foods Inc., the owners of the Jell-O brand, who claimed that it was an infringement of their trademark. Despite the spelling difference, the new and old names are pronounced identically.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Known for sophomoric humor, theatrical performances, and intentionally crude musicianship, Green Jellÿ has had hundreds of members during its existence, with vocalist Bill Manspeaker the only consistent member throughout. Notable past members include future Tool members Danny Carey and Maynard James Keenan, who were both in Green Jellÿ during the early 1990s.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: To date, the band has released five studio albums: "Triple Live Möther Gööse at Budokan" (1989), "Cereal Killer Soundtrack" (1993), "333" (1994), "Musick to Insult Your Intelligence By" (2009), and "Garbage Band Kids" (2021). They are best known for their 1992 hit "Three Little Pigs", which was adapted from the fairy tale.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Bill Manspeaker, a resident of Hollywood, California, formed Green Jellÿ in 1981 as Green Jellö, a four-piece comedy-punk band. As most of the band's members were poor musicians at the time, they billed themselves as "The World's Worst Band" and emphasized bizarre theatrics, power chords, and self-deprecating humor. The name, which was suggested by a friend, was chosen because the band members felt lime-flavored Jell-O was the worst Jell-O flavor, and Manspeaker believed this also reflected the band's talents.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Green Jellö began playing punk shows around Buffalo, New York, and became notorious for their onstage antics and live theatrics. They were musical novices to the degree that the bassist had to color-code the frets on his bass guitar so that he could memorize finger placement by color.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1984, Green Jellö released "Let It Be", an 8-song EP, on their own label, American Jello Parti Productions, Inc. The cover artwork (designed by Manspeaker) was a parody of The Beatles' "Let It Be" album cover. Recorded in Manspeaker's bedroom and at a local band rehearsal hall, the album featured the "Green Jellö Theme Song" as well as early songs such as "I've Got Poo-Poo on My Shoe" (later called "Shitman"), "Whip Me Teenage Babe" (later renamed "House Me Teenage Rave"), "Hill, Hill", "Do the Howie", the one-second "Icrog", "The Ice Cream Song", and "I'll Buy You Any Major Appliance You Want Baby, Ooo Ooo".


title: Green Jellÿ

text: After local success in Buffalo, many of the members relocated to Hollywood, California. In 1987, while working at Tower Records on Sunset Boulevard, they reformed the band, and quickly became a fixture in the Hollywood underground scene. In 1988, Manspeaker and the band met Gwar, and an instant friendship was formed over their mutual love of costumes and props.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1989, Green Jellö released their second album, "Triple Live Möther Gööse at Budokan", on February 29 Records, which was recorded in a garage with producer Sylvia Massy. The band began to tighten up musically, enlisting drummer Danny Carey (who went on to play with Tool), bassists Bill Tutton (King Dot) and Rootin' Bloomquist, and guitarists Marc Levinthal (Pippi Rockstocking), Steven Shenar (Sven Seven), C.J. Buscaglia (Jesus Quisp), and Bernie Peaks (Bernie Vicious). They also had seven vocalists, including Bill Manspeaker (Moronic Dictator, Shitman, Marshall "Duh" Staxxx), Joe Cannizzaro (Dunderhead), Keith Matherne (Keni Logginz), Gary Helsinger (Hotsy Menshot, Piñata Head), Greg Reynard (Reason Clean, Toucan Son of Sam), and Maynard James Keenan (Billy Bob). The band also had two female backup singers/floor tom drummers, Kim O'Donnell (Sadistica) and Caroline Jester (Jella Tin). O'Donnell also designed and created all the artwork, covers, comics, and logos for the band.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1991, Green Jellö approached BMG subsidiary label Zoo Entertainment, and claiming they were the "world's first video-only band", offered to create an entire project (music, videos, artwork, etc.) entirely on their own for the unheard-of sum of $50,000. Zoo signed them on the spot. In the fall of 1992, they delivered their third album, "Cereal Killer", again produced by Sylvia Massy, recorded at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California. The album came with a long-form video release consisting of music videos for each song, as well as a behind-the-scenes feature. The video album slowly gained a reputation in the underground, and would eventually go on to sell over 100,000 copies. Their break came when a radio station in Seattle, Washington, The X KXRX, played "Three Little Pigs" as a joke, but instead the station's phones lit up and it became a local hit. This caused Zoo to issue the EP "Green Jellö SUXX", consisting of four songs from "Cereal Killer", which in turn led to "Three Little Pigs" becoming a hit on The Box. Following the success of the song, the band issued the full-length studio album "Cereal Killer Soundtrack" in March 1993. This was their first release under the name Green Jellÿ, after a trademark dispute with Kraft Foods Inc. over their original moniker Green Jellö.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: The video for "Three Little Pigs" was directed by Fred Stuhr (who also directed Tool's "Sober" video), and it featured a claymation rendition of the classic fairy tale with modern twists, such as pot-smoking pigs, an appearance by Rambo, and a Harley Davidson-riding wolf. The video was an instant hit on MTV and was No. 17 for most of the summer of 1993 in the US, receiving both an MTV music award and Billboard music award nomination. Meanwhile, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak position of No. 5. As a result of the "Three Little Pigs" video, "Cereal Killer Soundtrack" went gold in the US, New Zealand, and Canada, as well as platinum in Australia, eventually selling over 14 million copies worldwide. Green Jellö spent almost a year touring the US and Europe in support of the album. In 1993, they released the single "Electric Harley House (of Love)", with the video featuring Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley from KISS. Later the same year, the band released a single that was not to be included on any of their full-length albums: a collaboration with Hulk Hogan, performing Gary Glitter's "I'm the Leader of the Gang (I Am)", which scored them a third Top-40 hit in the UK.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1994, Green Jellÿ began a joint venture worth $4 million from their parent company, BMG Music, to open Green Jellÿ Studios, an audiovisual production house on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California. The establishment made music videos for other artists, as well as pieces for television and film. It was here that the band recorded and filmed their fourth album, "333". Focusing more on the musical side, and even featuring non-comedy songs, the album was a more eclectic gathering, ranging from thrash metal to grunge rock to dance music. Due to problems with the record company and virtually no promotion, the record failed to make waves. The long-form video for the album was never properly released, and is extremely hard to find. The release spawned the hit "The Bear Song", which appears in the Farrelly Brothers film "Dumb and Dumber", but failed to chart. Though the new video album was never properly released, it did receive a 1995 Grammy nomination for best long-form video.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Also in 1994, Green Jellÿ wrote and produced the soundtrack for the Acclaim Entertainment video game "". Due to the state of video-game music technology at that time, the soundtrack was not recorded music but rather a computerized rendition of the songs. Portions of the soundtrack also made an appearance in the "Maximum Carnage" sequel, "". In the same year, Green Jellÿ appeared as themselves in an episode of the Fantastic Four animated series titled "Super Skrull", in which The Thing records a music video for a song about his catchphrase "It's Clobberin' Time!"


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1995, Green Jellÿ recorded an album's worth of brand-new material for Zoo Entertainment, but due to ongoing problems with the struggling label, which would eventually lead to it being merged with Volcano Entertainment in 1996, the album was not released. However, this material came out 14 years later in the form of "Musick to Insult Your Intelligence By".


title: Green Jellÿ

text: The same year, they also released a cover of "Born to Be Wild" for a movie soundtrack of the same name.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Although Green Jellÿ never officially broke up, the members of the band's core "Cereal Killer/333" lineup (with the exception of Manspeaker) gradually started going their separate ways afterwards.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: On February 19, 2008, music news website Blabbermouth.net announced that Green Jellÿ was reuniting and that a possible U.S. tour was in the works. The band also re-released the "Cereal Killer" and "333" video albums on a self-produced DVD with Originology Records, which were only sold at their concerts.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Green Jellÿ finally released "Musick to Insult Your Intelligence By" on October 13, 2009. It features the same lineup as "Cereal Killer" and "333", except for C.J. Buscaglia and Roy Staley (replaced by Rob Brown), who had already left the band at the time of recording.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Funded by a successful Kickstarter campaign in 2015, the band released a DVD on December 1, 2016, titled "GREEN JELLO Suxx Live: An Experience in Ridiculousness" (later retitled "Green Jellÿ Suxx Live: An Experience in Ridiculousness"). Toronto filmmaker Rob Gabriele toured with and documented the band and their antics while onstage. They toured throughout 2017 in support of the film and its soundtrack. In 2018, "The Official Soundtrack of the Documentary Green Jellÿ Suxx Live" was released via Enjoy the Ride Records.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 2017, Green Jellÿ released a new music video and single, "Fr3tö F33t". In 2019, they released another single, titled "Silence of the Sponge", a macabre parody of the theme to "SpongeBob SquarePants".


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Green Jellÿ's fifth studio album, their first in twelve years, titled "Garbage Band Kids", was released on June 11, 2021, on Cleopatra Records.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: At the height of the band's fame, Green Jellö was plagued by multiple lawsuits. In 1992, they were sued by Kraft Foods Inc. for trademark infringement of the name Jell-O; they were forced to change their name to Green Jellÿ, with an umlaut over the Y. This umlaut, according to the band, "changed the 'Y' sound to an 'O' sound". The band was forced to re-release their albums and long-form videos, as well as change all merchandise carrying the "Jellö" name.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Later in 1992, Green Jellÿ was sued by the Kellogg Company for trademark infringement of their Toucan Sam character, as well as others. The music video for "Cereal Killer" depicted 'Toucan Son of Sam', the 'Cereal Killer', killing other cereal characters, such as Snap, Crackle and Pop, the Trix Rabbit, and Lucky the Leprechaun, in a gruesome fashion. The band was forced to change the cover art (originally depicting Toucan Son of Sam). Additionally, they were forced to remove the music video for "Cereal Killer" from the long-form home video release. On the album "333", Toucan Son of Sam is referred to as "Pelican Son of Sam", and "Pelican Pete" at subsequent stage shows.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: In 1993, Green Jellÿ was also sued by the management of Metallica for partial use of their song "Enter Sandman" in the single "Electric Harley House (of Love)". The bass and rhythm guitars in the solo section of the song play a riff close to that of "Enter Sandman", and even though the band mentions it in a lyric immediately after the riff, they were forced to remove the part from the later CD versions of "Cereal Killer" and pull the music video from MTV.


title: Green Jellÿ

text: Since its inception, the band has seen a high turnover of musicians, with Manspeaker being the sole consistent member.


title: Abigail Hawk

text: Abigail Hawk (born Abigail Diane Gustafson; April 18, 1982) is an American actress known for playing Samantha Bonner in the 1995 television series "Reality Check", Detective Abigail Baker in "Blue Bloods" (2010–present), and Ellie in "Almost Paris". For her performance in "Almost Paris", Hawk won the Best Actress award at the 2017 Golden Door Film Festival.


title: Abigail Hawk

text: Born in Chicago, Illinois, Hawk attended the North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences, in Sandy Springs, Georgia. While a student, she appeared in the TV series "Reality Check". She received a bachelor of fine arts in theatre from the University of Maryland, College Park in 2004.


title: Abigail Hawk

text: In 2010, Hawk began her long-running role on "Blue Bloods". In that series, she plays Detective 1st Grade Abigail Baker, a member of the Police Commissioner's (Detective) Squad who serves as the primary aide to Police Commissioner Frank Reagan (Tom Selleck). Hawk's character was introduced in the first season of the series (although Detective Baker's name was shown as "Det. Melissa Baker" in the closing credits, it was changed to "Det. Abigail Baker" in subsequent episodes). Since that time, Hawk has appeared in all but a handful of episodes (over 200 through season 11), despite being billed as "Special Guest Star".


title: Abigail Hawk

text: In 2016, she played the main character, Riley Thomas, in the holiday TV movie "A Christmas in Vermont". That same year, she played Ellie in Domenica Cameron-Scorsese's directorial debut "Almost Paris", for which she won the "Best Actress" award at the 2017 Golden Door Film Festival.


title: Abigail Hawk

text: In October 2017, Hawk was a guest of honor at the Spring Gala of HeartShare Human Services of New York, and received the Linda Dano Award.


title: Elize du Toit

text: Elize du Toit (born 21 February 1980) is a South African-born English actress best known for playing the role of Izzy Davies in the Channel 4 soap opera "Hollyoaks" from 2000 to 2004, with a brief return in 2007.


title: Elize du Toit

text: Elize du Toit was born in Grahamstown, South Africa, the second of four children, to an artist mother and an orthodontist father. She spent most of her childhood in Pretoria. She moved to Berkshire, United Kingdom, in December 1994, where she attended Wellington College, completed her A-levels; attaining straight As in English, French, history and history of art. She was a member of Reading's Progress Theatre. She studied history at the University of Edinburgh and performed with the Edinburgh University Theatre Company.


title: Elize du Toit

text: Elize du Toit won the role of Izzy Davies in the Channel 4 Soap Opera "Hollyoaks" after an open audition; beating 40,000 hopefuls. She left the show in 2004 after four years filming in Liverpool. In November 2011, Du Toit made an appearance in "Coronation Street" as Jenny, the ex-girlfriend of Matt Carter.


title: Elize du Toit

text: In 2008, du Toit started dating actor Rafe Spall after the two met in a bar through mutual friends. The couple got married on 14 August 2010, and live in West Kensington, London. Their daughter was born in 2011, and, in November 2012, their son was born. They also have a third child, another son, born in 2015.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, its population was 43,511, up from 3,393 twenty years earlier. It is northwest of Washington, D.C., and part of the Washington metropolitan area.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn is a major hub for Internet traffic, due to its many data centers. Andrew Blum characterized it as the "bullseye of America's Internet".


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn was originally called "Farmwell" (variant names include "Old Farmwell" and "Farmwell Station") after a nearby mansion of that name owned by George Lee III. The name "Farmwell" first appeared in George Lee's October 1802 will and was used to describe the plantation he inherited from his father, Thomas Ludwell Lee II. A section of Farmwell plantation west of Ashburn Road, a tract, was purchased in 1841 as a summer home by John Janney, a Quaker lawyer who nearly became Vice President of the United States. Janney called the property "Ashburn Farm"; the name's first known appearance in writing is 1870 when he sold the property. It is likely he named the farm after family friends whose name was Ashburn.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The Ashburn Presbyterian Church, the Belmont Manor House, the Broad Run Bridge and Tollhouse, and Janelia Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn is located in eastern Loudoun County at (39.0437192, −77.4874899) and its average elevation is above sea level. It is southeast of Leesburg, the county seat, and the same distance north of Dulles International Airport. As drawn by the U.S. Census Bureau, the area counted as "Ashburn" extends north to Virginia State Route 7, east to Virginia State Route 28, and southwest to the Dulles Greenway (VA 267). The Ashburn CDP is bordered to the north by the Belmont, Lansdowne, One Loudoun, and University Center CDPs; to the east by the Kincora, Dulles Town Center, and Sterling CDPs; to the southwest by the Moorefield and Broadlands CDPs; and to the west by the Goose Creek Village CDP.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: According to the 2010 United States Census, the Ashburn CDP has a total area of , of which are land and are water. The area is drained by Broad Run, which flows northward through the eastern part of the CDP toward the Potomac River.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The Ashburn CDP consists of many major and minor subdivisions such as Ashbrook, Ashburn Farm, Ashburn Village, the Courts and Ridges at Ashburn, and the Village of Waxpool.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The United States Census Bureau defines Ashburn as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 43,511 residents, while the larger ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) for Ashburn's 20147 ZIP code contained 54,086 people.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Many of its residents commute into Washington, D.C. and the surrounding suburbs such as Tysons Corner and Reston to their places of employment. The median household income as of 2009 was $100,719. Median age in Ashburn is 31.6. Ashburn's population is made up of 49% males and 51% females.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The racial makeup of the CDP was 67.1% White (59.1% non-Hispanic White), 8.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 17.1% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race made up 11.8% of the population. The total number of households accounted for in Ashburn was 22,555. The median household size is 2.9 persons. 98% percent of Ashburn residents have a high school degree. Some 42 percent of Ashburn's population holds a four-year bachelor's degree; 18 percent holds graduate degrees.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Homeowners formed 80 percent of the population, renters made up 13% of the population, and 7% of housing units were listed as vacancies. The median age of housing was 5.0 years. The median housing value is at $345,000.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Located within the Dulles Technology Corridor, Ashburn is home to many high-tech businesses. World Trade Center Dulles Airport is the second World Trade Center in the state. Verizon Business has a major office in Ashburn at the location replacing MCI WorldCom's headquarters after its acquisition. Ashburn is also home to government contractor Telos.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn is a major hub for data centers, largely due to the Equinix location there. Among other websites, the Wikimedia Foundation (parent of Wikipedia) and Amazon Web Services have data centers there.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The George Washington University's Virginia Science and Technology Campus and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Janelia Research Campus are located north of Ashburn in the University Center and Lansdowne CDPs, respectively. INOVA Sports Performance Center, the training camp for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League, is located in the east part of Ashburn.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: EADS North America (the European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company), renamed Airbus Group, Inc., a defense contractor headed by former NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe, has a second location in Ashburn in addition to the main office in Herndon, Virginia.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: The National Transportation Safety Board operates the Ashburn Aviation Field Office in Ashburn; it is the regional headquarters of the NTSB Aviation Eastern Region.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: George Washington University and Strayer University have campuses in the area. In December 2009, it was announced that George Mason University was planning to set up a campus in Ashburn, to be located at Exit 6 off the Dulles Greenway.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn's elementary schools include Ashburn Elementary School, Belmont Station Elementary School, Cedar Lane Elementary School, Creighton's Corner Elementary, Discovery Elementary School, Dominion Trail Elementary School, Hillside Elementary School, Legacy Elementary School, Madison's Trust Elementary, Mill Run Elementary School, Moorefield Station Elementary School, Newton-Lee Elementary School, Rosa Lee Carter Elementary School, Sanders Corner Elementary School, Steuart W. Weller Elementary School, and Sycolin Creek Elementary School.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn's public middle schools include Eagle Ridge Middle School, Farmwell Station Middle School, Stone Hill Middle School, Brambleton Middle School, Trailside Middle School, and Belmont Ridge Middle School.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Public high schools in Ashburn include Briar Woods High School, Broad Run High School, Independence High School, Riverside High School, Rock Ridge High School, and Stone Bridge High School.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: There are six private schools in Ashburn: Loudoun School for Advanced Studies, St. Theresa Catholic School, Virginia Academy, Leport School, The Loudoun Country Day School, and County Christian School.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn is served by two Washington Metro Silver Line stations. After passing through Dulles Airport, the Silver Line enters Ashburn in the median of the Dulles Greenway. The first stop in Ashburn is Loudoun Gateway station, with Ashburn station serving as the terminus. Originally planned to open in 2018, the opening was pushed back by multiple delays and finally opened on November 15, 2022.


title: Ashburn, Virginia

text: Ashburn's fire and emergency medical services are provided by a combination of the volunteers of Ashburn Volunteer Fire-Rescue Department and the Loudoun County Department of Fire, Rescue & Emergency Management. AVFRD is a company under LCFR, and serves Ashburn with Stations 6 and 22, which is located next to Loudoun Hospital. LCFR operates the 24-7 career Moorefield Station 23, the first of its kind in the county. The Ashburn area is served by the Inova Ashburn Healthplex Emergency Room at the corner of the Dulles Greenway and Loudoun County Parkway as well as Inova Loudoun Hospital, located less than from Ashburn in neighboring Lansdowne, and by larger hospitals in the Washington suburbs and city.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: White Nights is a 1985 American musical drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Mikhail Baryshnikov, Gregory Hines, Jerzy Skolimowski, Helen Mirren and Isabella Rossellini. It was choreographed by Twyla Tharp. The title refers to the sunlit summer nights of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), the setting for the majority of the film, situated just a few degrees below the Arctic Circle.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The film is notable both for the dancing of Hines and Baryshnikov and for the Academy Award-winning song "Say You, Say Me" by Lionel Richie in 1986, as well as "Separate Lives" performed by Phil Collins and Marilyn Martin and written by Stephen Bishop (also nominated). The film was the international film debut of Isabella Rossellini and Taylor Hackford met his future wife, Helen Mirren, during filming.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: Nikolai 'Kolya' Rodchenko (Baryshnikov) is a Soviet ballet dancer who had previously defected from the Soviet Union. When the plane carrying him to his next performance in Tokyo has electrical problems and crash lands in Siberia, he is injured and recognized by KGB officer Colonel Chaiko (Jerzy Skolimowski). Chaiko contacts tap dancer Raymond Greenwood (Hines), who has defected to the Soviet Union, and gets them both to Leningrad. Chaiko wants Rodchenko to dance at the season's opening night at the Kirov, and Greenwood to babysit Rodchenko. To convince Rodchenko, Chaiko uses Galina Ivanova (Helen Mirren), a former ballerina who never left the Soviet Union and is an old flame of Rodchenko.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: After an initial period of racial and artistic friction, the two dancers (and defectors in opposite directions) become strong friends. When Raymond discovers that his wife Darya Greenwood (Isabella Rossellini) is pregnant, he decides he does not want their child to grow up in the Soviet Union, and together, with Rodchenko, they plan an escape with the help of Galina, who still has feelings for Rodchenko. During the escape attempt, Raymond chooses to stay behind in order to delay Chaiko, gaining time for Nikolai and Darya to get to the consulate at Leningrad. Although Raymond is captured and incarcerated, he is traded by the Soviets for a political prisoner from Latin America, and reunites with Darya and Nikolai.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The opening ballet sequence, "Le Jeune Homme et La Mort", originally choreographed by Roland Petit in 1946 and performed anew by Baryshnikov and Florence Faure, was filmed at the Bristol Hippodrome. The gentleman paging the curtain for Baryshnikov is John Randall, the theatre's technical director at the time.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: In 1985, many western Cold War movies supposedly set in Russia would use locations in the Finnish capital Helsinki with an architectural style resembling Leningrad. For "White Nights", a team of travelogue filmmakers from Finland, who previously had done work in the Soviet Union, were hired to film a number of locations in Leningrad, such as the Kirov Theatre and the Lenin monument, as well as a Chaika state-limousine. These scenes were then inserted into the movie, some being in-car scenes. Hackford was disappointed with critics who wrote negative reviews based on their belief that Helsinki had been used.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The film was also shot in Finland (including the island of Reposaari) and Lisbon, Portugal, as well as other parts of the United Kingdom including Elstree Studios and RAF Machrihanish in Scotland.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: Filmmakers normally use models to film the crash-landing of an aircraft as expensive as a Boeing 747. For the filming of the crash sequence of a British Orient 747 at the beginning of "White Nights", two different full-sized aircraft were used.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The film contains an early-career performance by Maryam d'Abo, later to star as a Bond girl in the James Bond film "The Living Daylights".


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: "White Nights" was dedicated "in loving memory" to Mary E. Hackford (mother of Taylor) and Jerry Benjamin (father of executive supervisor Stuart Benjamin), both of whom died prior to its release.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The film opened the Chicago International Film Festival on November 8, 1985 at McClurg Court. It then opened at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on November 22 as well as in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Toronto before expanding nationally on December 6.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: "White Nights" received mixed reviews from critics, as it currently holds a 46% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews. "The New York Times" film critic Vincent Canby criticized the script as "ludicrous" but praised the acting and dance choreography, including Baryshnikov's "all of the dynamic force and intelligence that distinguish his dance performances" and Hines as "a great tap dancer but not in the same league with Mr. Baryshnikov as a film personality". "Los Angeles Times" film critic Sheila Benson criticized the story as "wretched high-concept, low-intelligence", the film's "oversimplification" of Russians as "hateful and corrupt" with an exception of "old Russian """ without the film explaining the character's transition "to kindness", and dance performances as "jazzed-up and simplistic". However, the film was a commercial success at the box office, grossing over $42 million in the United States.


title: White Nights (1985 film)

text: The soundtrack album for the film contains the most successful single on the album, "Separate Lives" by Phil Collins and Marilyn Martin, which reached the top of the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1986. The prize instead went to Lionel Richie's "Say You, Say Me", another chart topper which appeared in the film but was not included on the original soundtrack due to licensing issues. It was included in the album reissue as a bonus track along with "I Don't Wanna Know" by Phil Collins.


title: CYP2D6

text: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "CYP2D6" gene. "CYP2D6" is primarily expressed in the liver. It is also highly expressed in areas of the central nervous system, including the substantia nigra.


title: CYP2D6

text: CYP2D6, a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In particular, CYP2D6 is responsible for the metabolism and elimination of approximately 25% of clinically used drugs, via the addition or removal of certain functional groups – specifically, hydroxylation, demethylation, and dealkylation. CYP2D6 also activates some prodrugs. This enzyme also metabolizes several endogenous substances, such as hydroxytryptamines, neurosteroids, and both "m"-tyramine and "p"-tyramine which CYP2D6 metabolizes into dopamine in the brain and liver.


title: CYP2D6

text: Considerable variation exists in the efficiency and amount of CYP2D6 enzyme produced between individuals. Hence, for drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 (that is, are CYP2D6 substrates), certain individuals will eliminate these drugs quickly (ultrarapid metabolizers) while others slowly (poor metabolizers). If a drug is metabolized too quickly, it may decrease the drug's efficacy while if the drug is metabolized too slowly, toxicity may result. So, the dose of the drug may have to be adjusted to take into account of the speed at which it is metabolized by CYP2D6.


title: CYP2D6

text: Other drugs may function as inhibitors of CYP2D6 activity or inducers of CYP2D6 enzyme expression that will lead to decreased or increased CYP2D6 activity respectively. If such a drug is taken at the same time as a second drug that is a CYP2D6 substrate, the first drug may affect the elimination rate of the second through what is known as a drug-drug interaction.


title: CYP2D6

text: The gene is located on chromosome 22q13.1. near two cytochrome P450 pseudogenes (CYP2D7P and CYP2D8P). Among them, CYP2D7P originated from CYP2D6 in a stem lineage of great apes and humans, the CYP2D8P originated from CYP2D6 in a stem lineage of Catarrhine and New World monkeys' stem lineage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.


title: CYP2D6

text: CYP2D6 shows the largest phenotypical variability among the CYPs, largely due to genetic polymorphism. The genotype accounts for normal, reduced, and non-existent CYP2D6 function in subjects. Pharmacogenomic tests are now available to identify patients with variations in the CYP2D6 allele and have been shown to have widespread use in clinical practice.


title: CYP2D6

text: A patient's CYP2D6 phenotype is often clinically determined via the administration of debrisoquine (a selective CYP2D6 substrate) and subsequent plasma concentration assay of the debrisoquine metabolite (4-hydroxydebrisoquine).


title: CYP2D6

text: The type of CYP2D6 function of an individual may influence the person's response to different doses of drugs that CYP2D6 metabolizes. The nature of the effect on the drug response depends not only on the type of CYP2D6 function, but also on the extent to which processing of the drug by CYP2D6 results in a chemical that has an effect that is similar, stronger, or weaker than the original drug, or no effect at all. For example, if CYP2D6 converts a drug that has a strong effect into a substance that has a weaker effect, then poor metabolizers (weak CYP2D6 function) will have an exaggerated response to the drug and stronger side-effects; conversely, if CYP2D6 converts a different drug into a substance that has a greater effect than its parent chemical, then ultrarapid metabolizers (strong CYP2D6 function) will have an exaggerated response to the drug and stronger side-effects. Information about how human genetic variation of CYP2D6 affects response to medications can be found in databases such PharmGKB, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).


title: CYP2D6

text: The genetic basis for CYP2D6-mediated metabolic variability is the "CYP2D6" allele, located on chromosome 22. Subjects possessing certain allelic variants will show normal, decreased, or no CYP2D6 function, depending on the allele. Pharmacogenomic tests are now available to identify patients with variations in the CYP2D6 allele and have been shown to have widespread use in clinical practice. The current known alleles of CYP2D6 and their clinical function can be found in databases such as PharmVar.