title: Formula One regulations

text: From 2010 until the end of 2021 championship, if the race had to be abandoned for any reason before 75% of the planned distance (but after a minimum of two completed laps), then the points awarded were halved: 12.5, 9, 7.5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5. The rules regarding the awarding of points were reviewed by FIA, teams and Formula One following criticism after the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix, during which the race was red flagged on lap 3 after two laps behind the safety car, with no laps having been completed under green flag conditions at racing speed, before the race was abandoned prematurely, with the race result—a win for Max Verstappen—being taken after the first lap. More than two laps were considered by the FIA to have been completed by leader because the leader Verstappen had crossed the control line three times before the race was abandoned.


title: Formula One regulations

text: Following this, the point allocation for suspended races was changed for the 2022 season. The points awarded follow a gradual scale system as follows:


title: Formula One regulations

text: Additionally, the fastest lap point will now only be awarded if more than 50% of the scheduled race distance is completed. However, these rules do not apply and full points will be awarded when a race is suspended and then resumed, even if the whole race distance cannot be completed in the 3 hour race window. However, this is likely to change in 2023, as teams have suggested that shortened resumed races being not covered by this different point structure is due to an error in drafting and will be changed.


title: Formula One regulations

text: Points are awarded equally to the driver and his constructor; for example, if a driver for one team comes second, eighteen points are added to his season total; if his teammate finished third in the same race, he adds fifteen to his total and the team adds 33 (the sum of the drivers' points) to its total. The championships are awarded to whichever driver and constructor have the most points at the end of the season. In case of a tie, the FIA compares the number of times each driver has finished in each position. The championship goes to whichever had the greater number of wins; if they have the same number of wins, it goes to the driver with the greater number of second places, and so on. For example, if drivers A and B were tied at the end of a season, and B had six wins and 3 second-place finishes, but A had six wins and four second-place finishes (even if he had fewer third places than B, etc.), then A would be champion.


title: Formula One regulations

text: On 10 December 2013, it was confirmed that drivers and constructors will score double points in the final Grand Prix from 2014 onwards, but this was abandoned in the weeks following the 2014 season.


title: Formula One regulations

text: Many venues make use of electronic displays to indicate flags to give various messages to drivers. However, race marshals continue to use physical flags as a redundancy mechanism in the event of electronic display failure. Marshals are positioned at numerous points around the track during every race. Flags have different meanings depending on their colour; the colours (with Pantone values as specified by the FIA) signify as follows:


title: Formula One regulations

text: Flags, whose specifications and usage are prescribed by Appendix H of the FIA's International Sporting Code, must measure at least 60 cm by 80 cm, excepting the red and chequered flags, which must measure at least 80 cm by 100 cm.


title: Formula One regulations

text: Penalties may be imposed on drivers for numerous offences, including starting prematurely, speeding in the pit lane, causing an accident, blocking unfairly, or ignoring flags of any color. There are four types of penalty which a driver may incur for violation of on-track rules:


title: Formula One regulations

text: The 5-second or 10-second time penalty may be served during the next pit stop. After the driver stops in their pit box, mechanics must wait for 5 or 10 seconds before touching the car. If the driver doesn't need to pit, the time penalty will be added to their time at the end of the race.


title: Formula One regulations

text: The drive-through penalty requires the driver to enter the pit lane, drive through it while obeying its speed limit, and exit without stopping. As a drive-through penalty does not require the driver to stop, it is less costly than a stop-go penalty.


title: Formula One regulations

text: The ten-second stop-go penalty requires the driver to enter the pit lane, stop at his pit for ten seconds, and exit again. As the stop is designed to punish the driver for an offence, team mechanics are forbidden to work on the offending car at any time while the driver is serving the penalty. Stop-go penalty is the harshest penalty short of disqualification and is given for serious offences such as endangering other drivers.


title: Formula One regulations

text: For the drive-through and stop-go penalties, a driver has 2 laps from the time his team hears of the penalty to enter the pits; if the driver does not pit within 2 laps, the driver will be black-flagged. The exception to this rule is if the Safety Car is deployed before a driver serves his penalty, in which case the driver is not allowed to serve the penalty until after the Safety Car comes back in. If the driver incurs a penalty within the last 5 laps of the race, the driver need not pit at all; instead, twenty seconds will be added to their total race time in case of a drive-through penalty, and thirty seconds in case of stop-go penalty.


title: Formula One regulations

text: The most severe penalty in common use is a black flag, which may be imposed for ignoring penalties or for technical irregularities of any sort; it signifies that the driver has been disqualified from the race and his results for that race will not count toward the championship. If the black flag is not considered sufficient for the offence that the driver has committed, the driver may be banned for a number of races after the event.


title: Formula One regulations

text: A grid penalty may be given for the next race. For example, a 5-place grid penalty means if the driver qualified first, they would start the race from sixth position.


title: Formula One regulations

text: The most extreme punishment of all (used for seriously endangering the life of another driver) is to be excluded from the drivers' world championship that year. Such cases may be taken to judicial court.


title: Formula One regulations

text: There is no restriction on what information can be given to the driver, except during the formation lap.


title: Formula One regulations

text: Previously, to ensure that drivers drive the car 'alone and unaided' and are not being 'coached' from the pit wall, stricter rules were in place to govern what information could and could not be given to a driver over team radio. For example, it was not allowed for a driver to be given information about driving lines or how to adjust his car to make it faster whilst out on the track. These restrictions were removed at 2016 German Grand Prix.


title: Formula One regulations

text: The primary reasons behind rule changes have traditionally been to do with safety and (mostly since 2000) to limit the cost of the sport.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Bhagwanji, also known as Gumnami Baba(ভগবানজী (), was an ascetic who had lived approximately last thirty years of his life in various parts of Uttar Pradesh, a state in Northern India. His most remarkable trait was his undying commitment towards remaining incognito. Only a handful of people had the privilege of seeing him in person. Most of the visitors had to converse with him separated by a curtain, with his face hidden all along.


title: Bhagwanji

text: During his stay in Uttar Pradesh, he changed his dwelling place multiple times in order to avoid unwanted attention.


title: Bhagwanji

text: His first appearance can be traced back to the mid-1950s in the city of Lucknow, where he was first reportedly sighted. Several rumours about him continue, as his true identity is yet to be confirmed.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Bhagwanji died on 16 September 1985, in Ayodhya. There are counterclaims calling his cremation staged so as to arrange a passage for him to leave for another secret destination.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Lucknow: Reportedly, Bhagwanji entered India from Nepal aided by "Mahadeo Prasad Mishra", a Sanskrit teacher in Nepal, some time in the early 1950s. The exact year could not be confirmed. According to "Rajkumar Shukla", grandson of Mishra, Bhagwanji accompanied by Rajkumar's mother Saraswati Devi and him, moved to Singar Nagar in Lucknow in 1955. During this period of stay at Lucknow, as per the current owners of B N Baijal opticals a renowned shop selling spectacles, Bhagwanji visited their shop once, where some customers and workers in the shop thought of him as Netaji, because of his close resemblance with the latter.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Neemsar: Neemsar, a localized name for ancient Naimisharanya, is a temple city in Uttar Pradesh. Bhagwanji along with Saraswati Devi and Rajkumar Shukla came to Neemsar around 1958. They used to stay in a dilapidated temple called "Shibala" at Neemsar. Without any financial means for sustainability, they faced great deal of hardship in the initial years. It is reported that they had even spent days without food during this period. The situation improved when many of Netaji's followers, namely Pabitra Mohan Roy and Leela Roy, provided for him after realizing his difficulty.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Ayodhya/Faizabad: Ayodhya and Faizabad are twin cities and Bhagwanji lived in multiple places between these two cities after leaving Neemsar. In 1964, Bhagwanji and his companions moved to Shankar Niwas, an abandoned palace of Maharaja of Ayodhya, in Faizabad. Later he moved to "Lalkothi" at Ayodhya.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Basti: Around, 1967 he, along with Saraswati Devi and Rajkumar, were received as guests by king of Basti, Onkar Singh. They stayed in Raja Maidan until 1974. Durga Prasad Pandey, a scholar and lawyer from Basti, came in contact with Bhagwanji and became an ardent devotee of Bhagwanji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Back to Ayodhya/Faizabad: Bhagwanji along with his 2 companions moved to Ayodhya again in November 1974. He initially stayed in the house of "Panda Ramkishore" in Ayodhya followed by "Lucknowa Hatta" and then moving to "Gurudwara Brahmkund", Ayodhya. At this place many people from Faizabad learned of his presence and took a liking of him. Prominent among them were "Dr. R P Mishra and Dr T C Banerjee". In 1983, Bhagwanji moved to Ram Bhawan in Faizabad a house of Sardar Gurubasant Singh Sodhi. He died here on 16 September 1985. His body was cremated at "Guptar Ghat", not a designated cremation ground but a holy ghat on the banks of river Sarayu, on 18 September 1985.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Gumnami Baba or Bhagwanji never had a huge circle of followers. His clandestine way of conducting day-to-day affairs, limited his option of making followers among the mass. Yet few followers from Calcutta used to frequently come and meet him. Most of them were related to Leela Roy's group.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Several items were recovered from Bhagwanji's belongings which were sent to district treasury in 26 wooden boxes. Details of those items were reported in many news papers. Items contained huge collection of books in English, Hindi and Bengali, numerous Indian and foreign magazines and newspapers, many foreign made items, letters from some very important political and national leaders, maps, photographs of Netaji's family members and some Indian National Army memorabilia.


title: Bhagwanji

text: The life story of Bhagwanji was first published by a group of journalists; "Ashok Tandon, Ram Tirth Vikal and Chandresh Kumar Srivastav", in a daily called Naye Log in Faizabad few weeks after Bhagwanji's death. Mr. Tandon went on to write a book called Gumnami Subhash in 1986. At the same time another magazine "Northern India Patrika" started publishing a series on Bhagwanji or Gumnami baba relating him with Netaji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: As there were no claimants on Gumnami baba's belongings, district administration decided to auction the items. The attempt was stopped by local people and to quote Ashok Tandon -


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""After the reports emerged that the state administration is likely to auction the belongings of Gumnami Baba, Kauser Hussain of Northern India Patrika along with Vishwa Bandhav Tiwari and Mohd Haleem approached the court to stop the auctioning. The court ordered the administration to make the inventory of all the things that were found at Baba's place and submit it to the treasury. One of the letters found at Gumnami Baba's place was written by Basanti Devi, wife of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who considered Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose as her own son"."


title: Bhagwanji

text: In early 1986, "Lalita Bose" a niece of Subhash Chandra Bose, arrived at Faizabad and upon going through the items, came to the conclusion that those belonged to her great uncle only. She identified her mother's handwriting on a copy of the dissentient report submitted by Suresh Chandra as part of Shah Nawaz Committee, where she had addressed her brother in law as ""Param kalyaneeya devar chiranjiveshu – Pranadhik sneh ashirvad"".


title: Bhagwanji

text: She filed a writ petition (no. 929(M/B)) in Allahabad High Court, along with M Haleem and V Tiwari, demanding an immediate stop to auctioning the items, preparing an inventory of items and after due enquiry if it's ascertained that Gumnami baba was Netaji, hand over the items to her as she has right to inherit.


title: Bhagwanji

text: As per interim order passed by the court, an inventory was prepared of all the items recovered from Ram Bhawan. 25 wooden trunks full of clothes, literature, letters and other artefacts were recovered. The state government had filed a counter affidavit to the petition, where they did mention that all the items recovered surprisingly relate to Netaji. They also observed that on every 23 January, the birthday of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a closed door ceremony used to take place in Bhagwanji's room where people from Calcutta used to be present.


title: Bhagwanji

text: 2.9.45—Japs surrendered/Annamite Govt. became ‘Govt. of Vietnam’ under Ho Chi Minh/Hanoi/Liu Po Cheng


title: Bhagwanji

text: "Oct 1945: South China, General's Guest/Contact with Annamite Govt./One American Intelligence agent—Alfred Wagg—found out, told his Govt.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: Liu Bocheng/Liu Po Cheng was a famous Chinese military general fighting for People's republic. A writer named "Shiv Prasad Nag" wrote a book in 1950s called Liu Po Cheng or Netaji? A copy of the book was found among Bhagwanji's belongings along with a letter from Nag. A letter from Bhagwanji to Nag was also found where he wrote few lines in Bengali;


title: Bhagwanji

text: যাকে তুমি বহুদিন আগে জেনেছিলে তাকে ভুলে যাও, সে মরে ভূত হয়ে গেছে। তাই সেই লোকটার মাপকাঠিতে এই শরীরকে বোঝার চেষ্টা করলে ভুল করবে। সেই আগের তিনি আর নেই, বাইরের থেকে এবং ভেতরে সে এক মৃত ভূত, ভাবলেশহীন, স্থবির এবং সবার ধরা ছোয়ার বাইরে". (Do forget the one, you once knew, for he has turned into a ghost. Comparing this physical being with that person will only be misleading. That man is long gone. Physically and emotionally he has turned into a dead ghost, void of emotions, unwavering in conduct and beyond everyone's reach.)'


title: Bhagwanji

text: As to Alfred Wagg, he was a wartime correspondent for Chicago Tribune, who on 29 August 1945, openly challenged Jawaharlal Nehru during a press conference, regarding why Netaji shouldn't be treated as a war criminal and also claimed that Netaji is alive and was seen four days back in Saigon.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Anuj Dhar an investigative journalist, found a match box containing 9 teeth among Bhagwanji's belongings. Assuming those belonged to Bhagwanji, he requested Justice Manoj Kumar Mukherjee for a DNA analysis to be conducted on the teeth.


title: Bhagwanji

text: In 2004, 2 separate samples were sent to Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad and Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata along with blood samples from Netaji's relatives from paternal and maternal side.


title: Bhagwanji

text: The report from Hyderabad was inconclusive and the reason mentioned, the teeth "did not yield DNA suitable for complete analysis".


title: Bhagwanji

text: The report from CFSL Kolkata was conclusive and reported that the DNA samples of the teeth didn't match with the DNA from Netaji's family members.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Noted DNA expert Professor Gyaneshwar Chobey of Banaras Hindu University, who has studied CFSL's report, said he was disappointed to see the analysis. He said, "There are many problems with the analysis as the software used to analyse samples (bioedit) is not meant for electropherogram analysis. Only four of 20 markers could not be used to infer anything about parental lineage." He further observed, "Height cannot be measured by dental morphology. Moreover 40-100 mg of pulp from a tooth is practically impossible.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: While replying to an RTI filed by Sayak Sen, the CFSL director said on 4 February 2020, that Electropherogram report, related to the test is not available with CFSL, Kolkata.


title: Bhagwanji

text: "In continuation of your online RTI application vide Registration No DIRFS/R/E/20/00002 dated May 1, 2020 and our earlier reply letter number CFSL(K)/19-20/20/II/RTI-55/SS/475 dated February 4, 2020, the required information is furnished below: 1. Some additional records related to the RTI application have been found which contain the Electropherogram as sought in this RTI query. This information pertains to the third party, hence it cannot be provided"."


title: Bhagwanji

text: On 22 October 2022, it was reported that the CFSL has again refused to share the Electropherogram report as requested by Sayak Sen through his RTI filed in September the same year. The CFSL cited sections 8(1)(A), (E) and 11(1) of the Right to Information Act, 2005, in its defence to not disclose the report. The fact that Section 8(1) of RTI act states that disclosure of an artefact would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic and economic interests of the State, raised more suspicion in the minds of the Netaji followers.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Anuj Dhar approached "B Lal Kapoor" a retired Chief Examiner of Questioned Documents, top most position held by any Indian Govt official with respect to handwriting verification, with a set of handwriting of Bhagwanji and Netaji. Once B Lal gave a positive report about matches found, he was asked to join Mukherjee Commission to do the same job. This time he went through numerous writings from Bhagwanji and Netaji both in English and Bengali and came to the conclusion that both handwritings belong to the same person.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Justice Mukherjee was obliged to seek examination from Government experts in this regard who provided negative report. Compared to B Lal's report the official report was short and not extensive. The report from Government experts mentioned finding similarities in English handwriting but not in Bengali handwriting.


title: Bhagwanji

text: The handwritings were later verified by "Curt Baggett" a famous expert from USA, and concluded ""Based upon thorough analysis of these items and application of accepted forensic examination tools, principles and techniques, it is my professional expert opinion that the same person authored both the writing on the known (proved as letters written by Bose) and on the questioned documents (accessed from Roy and other revolutionaries by the authors).""


title: Bhagwanji

text: In a recent webcast veteran handwriting expert "Ashok Kashyap" also confirmed that volumes of handwriting cannot be forged so perfectly.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Netaji's family has long been distancing itself from Gumnami Baba or Bhagwanji and has abhorred the possibility of Netaji being Bhagwanji almost in all possible occasions. Sugata Bose, grand nephew of Netaji called it a "travesty of history", while another grand nephew Chandra kumar Bose observed, "it is a 'criminal offence' to term 'Gumnami Baba' as Netaji in disguise without any documentary or photographic evidence to support it"


title: Bhagwanji

text: Eminent historian Dr Purabi Roy, a proponent of the theory that Netaji's final days were in fact in Russia and not Taihoku, noted that calling Gumnami Baba as Netaji in disguise is mere sensationalism. She mentioned about Vishwambhar Nath Arora, a former principal of a college in Faizabad, visiting Gumnami baba's residence post his death and discovering cartons of cigarette and bottles of Scotch Whiskey. Netaji was never known to be an alcoholic in his life.


title: Bhagwanji

text: V N Arora's testimony in front of Justice Sahai commission never mentions any thing about whiskey bottles though.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Justice Manoj Kumar Mukherjee commission was set up in 1999, to investigate whether Netaji perished in a plane crash in 1945 or not. He came across the story of Bhagwanji when journalist Ashok Tandon and Shakti Singh, the landlord of Ram Bhawan, approached him with details about Bhagwanji. They also mentioned about the petition filed by Lalita bose claiming Bhagwanji to be Netaji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: The commission visited the Faizabad treasury and out of 2600 items found from Bhagwanji's place, 700 were sent to Kolkata for research. The commission took the testimony of 31 witnesses in this regard.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Most important were of those who had seen Bhagwanji face to face and had also seen Netaji. Durga Prasad Pandey, Srikant Sharma and Apurba Chandra Ghosh testified that Bhagwanji was Netaji and they have met both Netaji in the past and later Bhagwanji multiple times to clear any possible doubt. Mr Ghosh also added that once Bhagwanji enquired about one "Bahadur" who used to be a guard at Netaji's Elgin Road house and also asked if there is still a calendar with Maa Kali's photo in Netaji's room. Justice Mukherjee found their witnesses considerable.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Another set of witnesses deposed in front the commission who had seen Bhagwanji face to face. Dr Priyabrat Banerjee a doctor from Faizabad, his wife Rita Banerjee and her mother Bithi Chatterjee recounted their experiences of meeting Bhagwanji. Father of Dr. P Banerjee, Dr. T C Banerjee once treated Bhagwanji and was convinced that he is none but Netaji as he had seen Netaji before. According to Banerjee couple, they used to visit Bhagwanji very often and converse with him face to face. They used to ask questions in Bengali and Bhagwanji used to respond in Hindi, with a thick Bengali accent though. Rita Banerjee narrated an incident when upon asking Bhagwanji whether he felt offended due to their frequent probing, he responded in a poignant tone -


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""রাগ? যার নিজের মা বাবা থাকতে মা বাবা নেই, নিজের ভাই বোন থাকতে ভাই বোন নেই, নিজের দেশকে নিজের বলার অধিকার নেই, সে কি রাগ করতে পারে? অভিমান করতে পারে"" (A man who is deprived of his own parents and siblings, who can't call his country his own, can only feel hurt. He has no right to get angry)


title: Bhagwanji

text: Justice Mukherjee had to set aside their testimony as they had never seen Netaji in person and their testimony can be termed hearsay at best.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Upon receiving the official DNA analysis report and handwriting report which concluded as Bhagwanji not being Netaji, justice Mukherjee had no choice but to declare that Bhagwanji was not Netaji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Interview exposure: In a casual discussion with film maker Amlan Kusum Ghosh, justice Mukherjee mentioned off-the-record that he was 100% sure that Bhagwanji was Netaji, as that was the most sensible view. Unbeknownst to him, the discussion got captured in camera and was telecast in different channels causing much controversy and uproar.


title: Bhagwanji

text: In 2010, another writ petition, no. 10877(M/B), was filed by Shakti Singh, the current owner of Ram Bhawan, to return all the items collected by Justice Mukherjee commission to Faizabad treasury.


title: Bhagwanji

text: The Allahabad high court while passing the judgement in 2013, made several important observations on how prior commissions have worked and what compelled Justice Mukherjee to accept official DNA result as a proof to dismiss Bhagwanji being Netaji. The high court raised concern about accepting DNA test as full and final and commented as follows,


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""Even little doubt with regard to the veracity of teeth will compel a man of common prudence not to ignore the oral and other documentary evidence, that too when there was difference of opinion with regard to handwriting of Netaji compared by the experts.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: The below statement made by Allahabad high court indicated that they have strong reservation about accepting the conclusion drawn by earlier investigating committees and would not rule out the possibility of Gumnami Baba being Netaji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""79. Since still there is no conclusive finding through scientific measures with regard to Gumnami Baba, coupled with alleged accidental death of Netaji, the records and materials must be preserved and protected by all means for research scholars and future generation. Needless to say that we are trusties (Government) of the national assets. All the alleged materials and belongings of Gumnami Baba are national assets and must be protected for future generations so that at appropriate time by appropriate scientific methodological research truth may be unearthed or explored and addition may be made to Indian History with regard to life of Netaji or the person (Gumnami Baba) who has been treated as Netaji by the substantial section of public.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: The court criticized Government of India for being lackadaisical in handling the matter of Netaji's disappearance and made following observations.


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""84. So far as mystery with regard to the death of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in plane crash is concerned, it is for the Government of India to take a decision, more so when without assigning any reason, the report of Mukherjee Commission has been rejected.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: Apart from ordering the state government of UP to establish a museum and preserve Gumnami Baba's belongings scientifically and also directing justice Mukherjee commission to return the items taken during investigation, it ordered setting up another committee to find out the identity of Gumnami Baba.


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""C) The Government of U.P is further directed to consider for appointment of a committee consisting of a team of experts and higher officers, headed by a Retired Judge of High Court, to hold an enquiry with regard to the identity of late Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwan Ji who resided in Ram Bhawan, Faizabad and cremated on 18.9.1985 (supra). Let a decision be taken expeditiously, say within a period of three months.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: After 3 years of inquiry and deposition of 45 witnesses, justice Vishnu Sahai came to the following conclusions.


title: Bhagwanji

text: "Jayanti Rakshit" grand daughter of Sarat Chandra Bose, elder brother of Netaji, and her husband "Amiya Nath Rakshit" had visited Faizabad later in mid 2000. After speaking to local people and meeting investigating journalists, they were convinced that Gumnami Baba was their granduncle Netaji. They were the first witnesses to be examined by Justice Sahai, who rejected their claim as mere hearsay.


title: Bhagwanji

text: There was only one witness Ayodhya Prasad Gupta, who had seen both Netaji and Bhagwanji and testified that both were in fact same person. Justice Sahai dismissed his claim citing the clauses mentioned above and also owing to the fact the Mr Gupta falsely claimed of testifying in front of Mukherjee commission.


title: Bhagwanji

text: 3 investigating journalist Anuj Dhar, Chandrachur Ghose and Ashok Tandon were also questioned. They produced their respective extensive research as exhibits and also testified that Bhagwanji was Netaji. Some important revelations were highlighted by Mr Tandon. -


title: Bhagwanji

text: """ ( In English it means that if what happened between Haripura and Wellington had not happened then life could have gone in a different direction). At Haripura Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as Congress President and in Wellington he resigned from the said post.""""


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""I have bestowed my anxious consideration to the claim of Chandrachur Ghose that there was a very strong possibility that Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwanji and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose were one and the same person. It should be borne in mind that Judicial Commissions of Enquiry (like"


title: Bhagwanji

text: "the present) do not reach conclusions on a very strong possibility; they only reach one when there is a very high degree of probability of the likelihood of something being true"".""


title: Bhagwanji

text: But he finally rejected their claims citing the DNA result and the fact none of them have seen Bhagwanji and all their work is based on hearsay.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Rita Banerjee who testified in Mukherjee commission, deposed again. Out of all the witnesses she was the one who had seen Bhagwanji face to face for the longest duration. Her testimony was rejected citing 2 reasons mentioned above and also for the fact that she wrongly mentioned of not appearing before any other commission whereas she did appear in front of Mukherjee commission. This was made as a ground to reject her testimony.


title: Bhagwanji

text: 3 witnesses "Amita Singh, Nand Kumar Misra and Shiv Prasad Yadav" had seen Bhagwanji face to face few times in their lives. Their testimonies were also rejected citing the first two clauses.


title: Bhagwanji

text: 7 witnesses were Bose family members who outrightly rejected the idea that Netaji could possibly be spending the rest of his life as a renunciate. "Dwarkanath Bose, Chitra Ghose, Nita Ghose, Krishna Ghose and Ardhendu Bose" made the following statements in order to dismiss the claim.


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""On account of serious afflictions and illness from which Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose suffered and his frequent confinement in Jails it is scarcely conceivable that he could have survived as a mortal human being until his late eighties, as would have been the case had he been Gumnami Baba. (Subhash Chandra Bose was born in 1897 and Gumnami Baba died on September 16, 1985)""


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""Since neither the parents nor siblings of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose lived till late eighties, considering the perilous life which Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose had lived, it is most unlikely that he would have lived till the age of 88 years""


title: Bhagwanji

text: ""Briefly, it is unthinkable that the person who was Netaji would disappear into seclusion from 1945,until his death 40 years later at the age of 88 years – decades in which his beloved India lurched from crisis to crisis, beginning with the monstrous tragedy of partition on religious lines. Would Subhash Chandra Bose have idly stood by while the agonies of communalism, massive poverty and bad Government assailed the people of India? I will be quite unequivocal in saying that this is impossible.""


title: Bhagwanji

text: They also added that mere discovery of certain artefacts related to Bose family in the custody of certain Bhagwanji is no way proof enough to establish him as Netaji. It is also to be noted that those items were procured by one Bijoy Nag at Bhagwanji's behest.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Ardhendu Bose, son of Sailesh Chandra Bose, younger brother of Netaji, added that although his father was the real brother of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and had died in March,1984 and he (his father) had heard about Gumnami Baba and very frequently at his father's residence in Bombay a lot of discussion pertaining to the identity of Gumnami Baba used to take place, had his father felt that Gumnami Baba was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, he would have certainly gone to visit/see him because that would have helped him to determine whether he was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose or not.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Bulbul controversy: Justice Sahai based his judgement on a letter sent by a teenage girl named "Bulbul", asking Gumnami Baba to be present at a function to be held at her house on 23 January 1980, celebrating Netaji's birthday. Justice Sahai deduced that Gumnami baba couldn't be separately invited to celebrate his own birthday, had he been Netaji himself. Bulbul alias Suhita Bhattacharya was never asked to appear as witness, however, she later confirmed in an interview in a webcast that she always knew that Gumnami Baba was Netaji as told by her father Santosh Bhattacharya a frequent visitor to Gumnami Baba.


title: Bhagwanji

text: For many of his followers and admirers he was none other than Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose himself, spending the rest of his life as a renunciate in the state of Uttar Pradesh, after his mysterious disappearance in 1945. Nonetheless two investigating commissions have refused to accept him as Netaji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Bhagwanji's lectures used to be published in a Bengali monthly named "Jayashree", of which Roy was the editor. Roy's nephew Bijoy Nag later published a book named ""Oi Mahamanab Asey" (Here comes the great man)" which is a collection of lectures published in the Jayashree monthly.


title: Bhagwanji

text: Bhagwanji's lectures often included matters on contemporary politics, theology, music and even metaphysics.


title: Bhagwanji

text: In April 2017, the Government of Uttar Pradesh decided to digitize all the books recovered from Gumnami Baba's belongings.


title: Bhagwanji

text: As per order passed by Allahabad High Court, Government of Uttar Pradesh under chief minister Akhilesh Yadav, allocated funds to set up a museum for public display of items used by Bhagwanji. A gallery has been dedicated to him in the ""Ram Katha Sangrahalay"" museum located in Ayodhya. The gallery is yet to be inaugurated.


title: Bhagwanji

text: In 2019, a film named Gumnaami, based on Anuj Dhar's book "Conundrum" was created which depicted Bhagwanji.


title: Bhagwanji

text: In November 2022 a film named Sannyasi Deshonayak directed by Amlan Kusum Ghosh, starring Victor Bannerjee, Saswata Chatterjee and Locket Chatterjee in lead roles got released. The film explores the life of Bhagwanji during his stay in different places of Uttar Pradesh and searches his possible identity.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: "Easy" is a song by American band Commodores from their fifth studio album, "Commodores", released on the Motown label. Group member Lionel Richie wrote "Easy" with the intention of it becoming another crossover hit for the group given the success of a previous single, "Just to Be Close to You", which spent two weeks at number one on the US "Billboard" Hot Soul Singles chart (now known as the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart) and peaked at number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1976.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: Released in March 1977, "Easy" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot Soul Singles chart and number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The success of "Easy" paved the way for similar Lionel Richie-composed hit ballads such as "Three Times a Lady" and "Still", and also for Richie's later solo hits.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: American rock band Faith No More covered the song in 1992 and released it as a single in December of that year. This version became a worldwide hit, reaching number one in Australia and becoming a top-ten hit in eight other countries. On the "Billboard" Hot 100, it peaked at number 58.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: Written by Commodores lead singer Lionel Richie, the song is a slow ballad expressing a man's feelings as a relationship ends. Rather than being depressed about the break-up, he states that he is instead "easy like Sunday morning"—something that Richie described as evocative of "small Southern towns that die at 11:30pm" on a Saturday night, such as his hometown Tuskegee, Alabama. The song is written in the key of A ♭ major and modulates up a semitone to A major.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: In the bridge section, following the opening line: "I wanna be high, so high", an electronic feedback sound, which reverberates an echo, is heard. An electric guitar solo is heard in the instrumental section of the song.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: The re-recorded version of the song is on Lionel Richie's album "Tuskegee" which features country singer Willie Nelson.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: "Cash Box" called it "a bluesy ballad that verifies the Commodores' versatility and professionalism as all-around musicians."


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: American rock band Faith No More recorded a cover of "Easy" (renamed "I'm Easy" in Europe) during the studio sessions for "Angel Dust", following its repeated performance during live shows. It was released as the final single to the album in late 1992. Faith No More's version of "Easy" closely follows the original version, but omits the second verse of the Commodores recording and features a slightly more aggressive drum sound and guitar solo. Faith No More initially played "Easy" to replace their cover of Black Sabbath's "War Pigs" that was a fixture of their concerts during this era. Faith No More wanted to break from the typical rock band mold and also aimed to spite the heavy metal fans who attended Faith No More's concerts expecting "War Pigs". Bassist Billy Gould said the version was a straightforward cover because "we like ["Easy"] in a painful kind of way. It gives us memories of our childhood". When asked about the cover, Lionel Richie himself replied that "I was actually quite flattered about the song. Yes, I loved it!"


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: "Easy" was originally issued on December 29, 1992, as a double A-side single with "Be Aggressive". The double A-side peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's highest-charting UK hit, and number five on the Irish Singles Chart. "Easy" also reached number one in Australia for two weeks in May 1993 and peaked within the top five on the charts of Belgium, Finland, Iceland, Ireland and Norway. In the United States, the song was Faith No More's last single to appear on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 58 in April 1993. It was later included on the European version of their album "Angel Dust".


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: The song was released under three titles: "I'm Easy", "I'm Easy (Cooler Version)", and "Easy". The title varies depending upon the region of release or whether it was the single or part of the album "Angel Dust". As a single, in most countries apart from the United States, Australia and Japan, releases had the title "I'm Easy". In the aforementioned countries, the title was simply "Easy" with the German special edition using "I'm Easy (Cooler Version)". There are at least two different mixes in circulation, all of which originate from the same studio recording of the song. The first mix has a voice-over by Mike Patton during the first few seconds of the song: "Turn the lights out, baby. This one's for the ladies in the house". It also has fewer guitar overdubs, a slightly different bass line before the guitar solo, and more reverb on the entire track. The second version, sometimes listed as the "Cooler Version" as titled on the German special edition of the single, lacks this voice-over but features a background string-synth arrangement throughout the song as well as the "missing" guitar parts not found in the other mix. This latter version is the one used in the music video for the song.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: Faith No More's version appeared in a 2006 commercial for Levi's Jeans and is the theme tune for the TV program "Goals on Sunday".


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: American singer and songwriter Sky Ferreira released a rendition of the song for the soundtrack of the 2017 film "Baby Driver", in which she plays Baby's mother. It was produced by Nigel Godrich. To promote the track, a music video directed by the film's director, Edgar Wright, was released on September 4, 2017. On September 7, 2017, the video was uploaded to the 30th Records's official VEVO account.


title: Easy (Commodores song)

text: "Easy" was sampled by the Houston-based rap group Geto Boys for the song "Six Feet Deep" from their 1993 album "Till Death Do Us Part". It was also used as a sample in Cam'ron's song "Hey Ma".


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: A slowly changing dimension (SCD) in data management and data warehousing is a dimension which contains relatively static data which can change slowly but unpredictably, rather than according to a regular schedule. Some examples of typical slowly changing dimensions are entities as names of geographical locations, customers, or products.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: For example, a database may contain a fact table that stores sales records. This fact table would be linked to dimensions by means of foreign keys. One of these dimensions may contain data about the company's salespeople: e.g., the regional offices in which they work. However, the salespeople are sometimes transferred from one regional office to another. For historical sales reporting purposes it may be necessary to keep a record of the fact that a particular sales person had been assigned to a particular regional office at an earlier date, whereas that sales person is now assigned to a different regional office.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: Dealing with these issues involves SCD management methodologies referred to as Type 0 through 6. Type 6 SCDs are also sometimes called Hybrid SCDs.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The Type 0 dimension attributes never change and are assigned to attributes that have durable values or are described as 'Original'. Examples: "Date of Birth", "Original Credit Score". Type 0 applies to most date dimension attributes.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: In the above example, Supplier_Code is the natural key and Supplier_Key is a surrogate key. Technically, the surrogate key is not necessary, since the row will be unique by the natural key (Supplier_Code).


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The disadvantage of the Type 1 method is that there is no history in the data warehouse. It has the advantage however that it's easy to maintain.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: If one has calculated an aggregate table summarizing facts by supplier state, it will need to be recalculated when the Supplier_State is changed.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: This method tracks historical data by creating multiple records for a given natural key in the dimensional tables with separate surrogate keys and/or different version numbers. Unlimited history is preserved for each insert.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: For example, if the supplier relocates to Illinois the version numbers will be incremented sequentially:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The Start date/time of the second row is equal to the End date/time of the previous row. The null End_Date in row two indicates the current tuple version. A standardized surrogate high date (e.g. 9999-12-31) may instead be used as an end date, so that the field can be included in an index, and so that null-value substitution is not required when querying.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: Transactions that reference a particular surrogate key (Supplier_Key) are then permanently bound to the time slices defined by that row of the slowly changing dimension table. An aggregate table summarizing facts by supplier state continues to reflect the historical state, i.e. the state the supplier was in at the time of the transaction; no update is needed. To reference the entity via the natural key, it is necessary to remove the unique constraint making referential integrity by DBMS impossible.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: If there are retroactive changes made to the contents of the dimension, or if new attributes are added to the dimension (for example a Sales_Rep column) which have different effective dates from those already defined, then this can result in the existing transactions needing to be updated to reflect the new situation. This can be an expensive database operation, so Type 2 SCDs are not a good choice if the dimensional model is subject to frequent change.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: This method tracks changes using separate columns and preserves limited history. The Type 3 preserves limited history as it is limited to the number of columns designated for storing historical data. The original table structure in Type 1 and Type 2 is the same but Type 3 adds additional columns. In the following example, an additional column has been added to the table to record the supplier's original state - only the previous history is stored.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: This record contains a column for the original state and current state—cannot track the changes if the supplier relocates a second time.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: One variation of this is to create the field Previous_Supplier_State instead of Original_Supplier_State which would track only the most recent historical change.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The Type 4 method is usually referred to as using "history tables", where one table keeps the current data, and an additional table is used to keep a record of some or all changes. Both the surrogate keys are referenced in the fact table to enhance query performance.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: For the example below, the original table name is Supplier and the history table is Supplier_History:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The type 5 technique builds on the type 4 mini-dimension by embedding a “current profile” mini-dimension key in the base dimension that's overwritten as a type 1 attribute. This approach is called type 5 because 4 + 1 equals 5. The type 5 slowly changing dimension allows the currently-assigned mini-dimension attribute values to be accessed along with the base dimension's others without linking through a fact table. Logically, we typically represent the base dimension and current mini-dimension profile outrigger as a single table in the presentation layer. The outrigger attributes should have distinct column names, like “Current Income Level,” to differentiate them from attributes in the mini-dimension linked to the fact table. The ETL team must update/overwrite the type 1 mini-dimension reference whenever the current mini-dimension changes over time. If the outrigger approach does not deliver satisfactory query performance, then the mini-dimension attributes could be physically embedded (and updated) in the base dimension.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The Type 6 method combines the approaches of types 1, 2 and 3 (1 + 2 + 3 = 6). One possible explanation of the origin of the term was that it was coined by Ralph Kimball during a conversation with Stephen Pace from Kalido. Ralph Kimball calls this method "Unpredictable Changes with Single-Version Overlay" in "The Data Warehouse Toolkit".


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The Current_State and the Historical_State are the same. The optional Current_Flag attribute indicates that this is the current or most recent record for this supplier.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: When Acme Supply Company moves to Illinois, we add a new record, as in Type 2 processing, however a row key is included to ensure we have a unique key for each row:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: We overwrite the Current_State information in the first record (Row_Key = 1) with the new information, as in Type 1 processing. We create a new record to track the changes, as in Type 2 processing. And we store the history in a second State column (Historical_State), which incorporates Type 3 processing.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: For example, if the supplier were to relocate again, we would add another record to the Supplier dimension, and we would overwrite the contents of the Current_State column:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: In many Type 2 and Type 6 SCD implementations, the surrogate key from the dimension is put into the fact table in place of the natural key when the fact data is loaded into the data repository. The surrogate key is selected for a given fact record based on its effective date and the Start_Date and End_Date from the dimension table. This allows the fact data to be easily joined to the correct dimension data for the corresponding effective date.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: Once the Delivery table contains the correct Supplier_Key, it can easily be joined to the Supplier table using that key. The following SQL retrieves, for each fact record, the current supplier state and the state the supplier was located in at the time of the delivery:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: Having a Type 2 surrogate key for each time slice can cause problems if the dimension is subject to change. A pure Type 6 implementation does not use this, but uses a surrogate key for each master data item (e.g. each unique supplier has a single surrogate key). This avoids any changes in the master data having an impact on the existing transaction data. It also allows more options when querying the transactions.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The following example shows how the query must be extended to ensure a single supplier record is retrieved for each transaction.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: A fact record with an effective date (Delivery_Date) of August 9, 2001 will be linked to Supplier_Code of ABC, with a Supplier_State of 'CA'. A fact record with an effective date of October 11, 2007 will also be linked to the same Supplier_Code ABC, but with a Supplier_State of 'IL'.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: The following example shows how a specific date such as '2012-01-01T00:00:00' (which could be the current datetime) can be used.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: An alternative implementation is to place "both" the surrogate key and the natural key into the fact table. This allows the user to select the appropriate dimension records based on:


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: This method allows more flexible links to the dimension, even if one has used the Type 2 approach instead of Type 6.


title: Slowly changing dimension

text: Different SCD Types can be applied to different columns of a table. For example, we can apply Type 1 to the Supplier_Name column and Type 2 to the Supplier_State column of the same table.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart-Haas Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, and eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing Series. The team is co-owned by three-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Tony Stewart and Haas Automation founder Gene Haas. It was founded in 2002 as Haas CNC Racing after Haas, whose company was a sponsor of Hendrick Motorsports, elected to form his own team. In 2009, Stewart, who had been driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, made a deal with Haas to drive for the team and in return receive a 50% stake in it.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The team is based and headquartered in Kannapolis, North Carolina – roughly north of Charlotte Motor Speedway – alongside sister team and Formula One entrant Haas F1 Team, but the two teams are treated as separate bodies for legal reasons.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In the NASCAR Cup Series, Stewart-Haas Racing currently fields four Ford Mustang GT teams: the No. 4 for Kevin Harvick, the No. 10 for Aric Almirola, the No. 14 for Chase Briscoe, and the No. 41 for Ryan Preece. In the Xfinity Series, the team currently fields two full-time Ford Mustang teams: the No. 98 for Riley Herbst, and the No. 00 for Cole Custer.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: From its inception until 2016, the team ran with Chevrolet engines and chassis (except for 2003 when they ran with Pontiac) provided by Hendrick Motorsports. Beginning in 2017 the team began partnering with Roush-Yates Engines and switched to Ford engines, while building their chassis in-house.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The team has won in each of the three national touring divisions, joining Hendrick Motorsports, Richard Childress Racing, Joe Gibbs Racing, and Roush Fenway Racing as the only teams to accomplish that feat.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: After being an associate sponsor of Hendrick Motorsports for a number of years, in April 2002, Gene Haas announced the formation of his own Winston Cup team for the 2003 season. Hendrick would provide cars, engines, and technical support for the team. Haas signed Jack Sprague, who had spent the previous six years driving in the Busch and Craftsman Truck series for Hendrick, to be his driver. Sprague, who at the time was sponsored by NetZero, brought his sponsorship with him and Haas' car became the No. 0 car. The team initially operated out of a small shop also rented from Hendrick Motorsports. After running Chevrolets in several races in late 2002, Haas CNC was one of several General Motors teams to switch from Chevrolet to Pontiac prior to the 2003 season. Haas CNC also fielded a part-time team in the Busch Series that year, going full-time in 2004. The team switched back to Chevrolet after 2003, when Pontiac left the sport.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On July 10, 2008, it was announced that then-two-time Sprint Cup Series champion Tony Stewart would join the team as a driver and owner for the 2009 season, receiving a 50% stake in the team. Stewart had been driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, but was not happy with that team's switch from Chevrolet to Toyota, and wanted to get back to racing for Chevrolet. Haas, meanwhile, desired to have Stewart drive for the team, and for Stewart to attract sponsors and personnel. The team was renamed Stewart-Haas Racing. The team proceeded to sign several high-level sponsors and experienced personnel, while better utilizing its alliance with Hendrick Motorsports.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: After fielding General Motors cars since the team was founded, on February 24, 2016, it was announced that the team would switch to Ford for the 2017 season, receiving engines from Roush-Yates Engines. The team also restarted its program in the now-Xfinity Series.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On August 2, 2022, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that effective September 1, President Brett Frood would step down to become commissioner of the National Lacrosse League. He will remain as an executive advisor to SHR and board chairman for Tony Stewart's entities. In addition, vice president of sales Brian McKinley would be promoted to chief commercial officer while Greg Zipadelli would transition from vice president of competition to chief competition officer and Joe Custer will remain as co-President.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: What is now the No. 4 car was Haas CNC Racing's original foray into NASCAR's top series, with driver Jack Sprague and sponsor NetZero. Haas' car became the No. 0 Pontiac. Sprague posted a career-best 14th-place finish at the 2003 Daytona 500 to open up the season. Afterwards, however, the team began to struggle. After finishing 40th at Chicagoland, Haas released Sprague in favor of John Andretti, who finished 41st at New Hampshire and 33rd at Pocono, before qualifying 15th and finishing 19th at Watkins Glen. Because Andretti had a prior commitment with Dale Earnhardt, Inc., Jason Leffler drove the car at the Brickyard 400, finishing 33rd. Leffler lost his ride with Ultra Motorsports, where he drove the No. 2 truck in the Craftsman Truck Series, because of his start at Indianapolis, but Haas hired him to drive the car on a more permanent basis shortly thereafter.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Ward Burton was signed to drive the car toward the end of the 2003 season after eight years with Bill Davis Racing, while Leffler was reassigned to the Busch Series to drive the No. 00 car. In the final four races, he finished 13th at Atlanta and 18th at Rockingham.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The team picked up Best Buy as an associate sponsor and four-race primary sponsor for 2005. The U.S. Coast Guard, sponsor for Haas CNC's Busch Series Car, also sponsored one race. Bliss began the 2005 season by finishing 18th in each of the first four races. Despite finishing ninth at Pocono and 7th at Bristol, he was released from the ride at season's end.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In the off-season, Jeff Green was signed to replace Bliss. Best Buy became the primary sponsor as NetZero left, and the team began the 2006 season with a renumbered No. 66 Chevrolet. The new car number was in honor of the year the new primary sponsor opened its first store, 1966. Green finished 28th in the final point standings in 2006 and was signed to continue driving the No. 66 in 2007. On October 22, 2007, it was announced that Jeremy Mayfield would take over the No. 66 car for Green for the final four races of 2007. During the off-season, Best Buy moved to Gillett Evernham Motorsports to sponsor Elliott Sadler's No. 19 Dodge.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Former Evernham driver Scott Riggs took over the No. 66 in 2008 with State Water Heaters as the sponsor, coming over from Morgan–McClure Motorsports. Hunt Brothers Pizza and Haas Automation also appeared on the car. Riggs struggled early on, but his performance picked up following the announcement of Tony Stewart as the new co-owner of the team in mid-summer. Riggs finished the season in the top 35, but was released in favor of Ryan Newman who had just departed from Penske Racing. Stewart and Haas hoped to put Newman in a car numbered 4, but they were not able to secure the blessing of both NASCAR and Morgan-McClure Motorsports to use the number, and so the car changed numbers to No. 39, which was Newman's midget car number. The U.S. Army signed on to sponsor the car alongside State Water Heaters and Haas Automation, but Hunt Brothers moved to JR Motorsports in the Nationwide Series.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: During the 2009 season, Newman led the first 25 laps at Bristol and finished seventh. He finished sixth the next week at Martinsville after recovering from a pit road mistake. After finishing in the top twenty the next two weeks, Newman had his breakout race leading at Talladega, nearly scoring Stewart-Haas Racing's first win. With two laps left, he was passed by Carl Edwards and Brad Keselowski. Newman finished third after Keselowski sent Edwards airborne and crashing on his windshield and hood. The next week, Newman led 45 laps at Richmond and finished fourth. He made the Chase for the Sprint Cup but failed to win a race in 2009. The team did, however, score 15 top 10 finishes and managed to finish ninth in points.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The U.S. Army returned to Newman's car for the 2010 season as sponsor for 15 races and with new sponsorship from Tornados. The team won their first race in the No. 39 at Phoenix. The win was also the first in NASCAR history for a car numbered 39. The team failed to make the Chase, though, and finished 15th in points. In 2011, Newman scored a second win at New Hampshire while Stewart finished second making it the first 1-2 for SHR. Newman and Stewart made the Chase, and Newman came home 10th in the final standings. For the 2012 season, Quicken Loans sponsored the No. 39 car. Newman got off to a quick start in 2012 with a win at Martinsville in only the 6th race. However, his momentum flagged over the summer and he missed the Chase, finishing the season in 14th place.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In 2013, Quicken Loans became Newman's primary sponsor as the U.S. Army significantly reduced its motorsports sponsorships. Newman would struggle through the first half of the season adjusting to the Generation 6 car. Through the second half of the season, SHR's performance would pick up, and Newman would take his first win of the season at the 2013 Brickyard 400, winning the pole and driving away from a dominant Jimmie Johnson. He would become the second Indiana native alongside Stewart to win the 400. Newman originally failed to make the 2013 Chase, but after Michael Waltrip Racing was penalized for "manipulating the results of the Federated Auto Parts 400", Newman took Martin Truex Jr.'s place in the Chase. After 2013, Newman was released after it was announced funding could not be found to keep his No. 39 team in operation (though the team would later sign Kurt Busch to a fourth ride).


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: For 2014, Kevin Harvick was signed to the newly renumbered No. 4 Chevrolet SS, with his Budweiser and Jimmy John's sponsorship coming over from Richard Childress Racing. Hunt Brothers Pizza, which had sponsored the team in the past, also came over with Harvick. Harvick won in just his second start with SHR at the spring Phoenix race. The team then won again at Darlington in April, leading 239 of 374 laps and using fresher tires to pass Dale Earnhardt Jr. with two laps to go. Harvick's two wins with the team earned him a spot in the Chase for the Sprint Cup. He advanced into the second round with two top-fives and won at Charlotte in October to earn a spot in the third round. Harvick finished the season strong, winning the penultimate race of the year at the fall Phoenix race to remain in title contention, then winning the final race of the year at Homestead to clinch the second Cup Championship for SHR.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Harvick had a strong run during the 2015 season with 28 top-10s and wins at Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Dover, but lost the championship to Kyle Busch by just one point. In 2016, Anheuser-Busch switched from Budweiser to Busch Beer as the No. 4's sponsor brand. Harvick's run in 2016 was not as successful as his first two years with SHR, finishing eighth in the points standings with 27 top-10s and wins at Phoenix, Bristol, New Hampshire, and Kansas.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: With SHR transitioning from Chevrolet to Ford in 2017, Harvick rebounded heavily with wins at Sonoma and Texas, along with 23 top-10s, and a third-place finish in the points standings. Harvick's 2018 run fared much better, with a career-high eight wins, 20 top-fives, and 26 top-10s, despite his Las Vegas win being encumbered for a post-race inspection violation. With a win at the fall Texas race, he secured himself in the Final Four at Homestead. However, three days later, the win was declared encumbered after the car was discovered to have a non-compliant rear spoiler during post-race inspection. The violation resulted in an L1 penalty that docked the team 40 owner and driver points - voiding Harvick's eligibility in the Final Four - and placed Childers and car chief Robert Smith on suspension for the final two races. Tony Gibson became Harvick's crew chief for the remainder of the season. At Phoenix, Harvick overcame a flat tire during the race to finish fifth and secure enough points to make the Championship 4. He finished third at Homestead and in the points standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Harvick's 2019 season started with a win at the Gander RV Duel 1 at Daytona. Despite a 26th-place finish at the 2019 Daytona 500, he stayed consistent with six straight top-10 finishes, including three fourth-place finishes at Atlanta, Las Vegas, and California. At Bristol, Harvick was forced to start at the back of the field and serve a pass-through penalty on the first lap after his car failed pre-race inspection three times; despite this setback, he finished 13th place on the lead lap. Harvick would finally get his first win and the organization's first win of 2019 at New Hampshire. He would also win at Michigan and Indianapolis, the latter being his second career Brickyard 400 win. He once again sealed his spot in the Championship 4 after holding off SHR teammates Aric Almirola and Daniel Suárez for his third straight victory at the fall Texas race, his fifth Championship 4 appearance in the last six years.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Harvick started the 2020 season with a fourth-place finish in Duel 2 of the 2020 Bluegreen Vacations Duels at Daytona. Despite sustaining minor damage, he finished fifth at the 2020 Daytona 500, his first top-five in the race since 2016. He stayed consistently in the top 10 at Las Vegas, Fontana, and Phoenix before the season was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. When racing resumed on May 17, Harvick scored his 50th career win at 2020 The Real Heroes 400 at Darlington. Following the second Drydene 311 at Dover International Speedway, Harvick clinched the Regular Season Championship. Despite this achievement, as well as nine wins in the season, he failed to make the Championship 4 after finishing 17th at Martinsville. Harvick finished fifth in the points standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Despite scoring no wins in 2021, Harvick managed to make the playoffs with his consistency. During the playoffs, Harvick made it to the Round of 12 with five consecutive top-10 finishes, yet he had the disadvantage of lacking the bonus playoff points. At Bristol, he tangled with Chase Elliott, costing the latter several laps after cutting a tire. Harvick led the closing laps, but was blocked by Elliott, allowing Kyle Larson to overtake him for the win. A heated argument between Harvick and Elliott ensued on pit road after the race. During the Charlotte Roval race, Harvick bumped Elliott and sent him to the wall with rear-end damage. Harvick later missed turn 1 with Elliott chasing him down and crashed head-on into the wall. As a result, he was eliminated from the Round of 8. Harvick once again finished fifth in the final standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Harvick began the 2022 season with a 30th place finish at the 2022 Daytona 500. Aside from four DNFs, he stayed consistent with his finishes until he won at Michigan, breaking a 65-race drought to become the 15th different winner in the season. Harvick then scored his 60th career victory at Richmond a week later. At the Southern 500, Harvick finished 33rd after his car caught fire. He was eliminated in the Round of 16 after finishing 10th at the Bristol night race. On October 5, Childers was suspended for four races and fined 100,000 for an L2 Penalty during post-race inspection after the Talladega playoff race. The penalty came under Sections 14.1 (vehicle assembly) and 14.5 (body) in the NASCAR Rule Book, both of which pertain to the body and overall vehicle assembly rules surrounding modification of a single-source supplied part. In addition, the No. 4 team was docked 100 driver and owner points.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The No. 10 was originally the No. 35, the second car of Tommy Baldwin Racing in 2011. In August 2011, it was announced that Danica Patrick would jump to NASCAR competition full-time with sponsor GoDaddy, running a limited Sprint Cup Series schedule of 8-10 races in addition to a full-time Nationwide Series ride with JR Motorsports. Stewart-Haas and TBR formed a partnership, with TBR fielding the number 10 (the number Patrick had used in her karting days) as a second full-time entry. Patrick drove 10 races, with a best finish of 17th at Phoenix in November.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The No. 10 team's performance with Almirola in 2018 was a huge improvement over its previous tenure with Patrick, having scored as many top 10 finishes in sixteen races as Patrick's six years. The team also made its first appearance in the Playoffs. Almirola won the 2018 1000Bulbs.com 500 on October 14, giving the No. 10 team its first-ever win. Despite finishing fourth at Phoenix, he was eliminated in the Round of 8. Almirola finished the season fifth in points, the highest in his career.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In the 2019 season, Almirola rebounded from a 32nd-place finish at the 2019 Daytona 500 with six consecutive top-10 finishes before his streak ended with a 37th-place finish at Bristol. He once again made the playoffs but failed to advance past the Round of 16 after recording no top tens. Five weeks later, Almirola contended with teammate and pole-sitter Kevin Harvick for the win at Texas before ending up in second, his best finish of the season. He fell to 14th in the final points standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On December 4, 2019, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Mike Bugarewicz would replace Johnny Klausmeier as the crew chief of the No. 10 team in 2020.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On January 10, 2022, Almirola announced his retirement from full-time racing after the 2022 season. He started the season with a fifth-place finish at the 2022 Daytona 500. Despite having no wins, Almirola's finishes were a huge improvement over the previous season, with two top-fives and seven top-10 finishes. On August 19, Almirola announced he would not retire at the end of the season and would continue to drive the No. 10 in 2023.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: What is now the No. 14 car debuted in 2002 as the No. 60, a fifth car for Hendrick Motorsports with Gene Haas listed as the owner. Hendrick's Busch Series driver Jack Sprague attempted six races (making three) in preparation for running full-time with Haas. His best finish was 30th in the season finale race at Homestead-Miami. Though Sprague and Haas ran the No. 0 Pontiac full-time, the No. 60 Chevy returned in 2003 under the Hendrick banner with driver David Green. The car was sponsored by Haas Automation, with co-sponsorship from Hendrick sponsor Kellogg's and Haas CNC sponsor NetZero. The car initially attempted only the restrictor plate races, missing their first two attempts, and finishing 32nd and 35th at the second Daytona and Talladega races respectively. The No. 60 would run full NetZero decals at Talladega after the No. 0 missed the race. The next race the No. 60 tried out was the 2003 fall race at Charlotte, with Brian Vickers making his debut in a red and black Haas car before moving to Hendrick's No. 25 car full-time.<ref name="Motorsport-Vickers-60/25-2003"></ref> He qualified 20th and finished 33rd. In 2004, Jason Leffler ran a single race in the Haas No. 60 at Indianapolis, finishing last after an early crash.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The car returned as the second Haas car at the 2006 Coca-Cola 600, numbered No. 70 with Johnny Sauter driving. He ran in the Top 10 for most of the day before a blown tire caused him to wreck. The No. 70 made another attempt later in the season at the Brickyard 400 but failed to qualify. It was announced that the No. 70 would race full-time in 2007, with Sauter and sponsor Yellow Transportation moving up from the Busch Series. Sauter and the team worked their way into the Top 35 in Owner's Points after the first five races (which guaranteed a spot in each) but missed the Food City 500 at Bristol, yet still had Top 10 finishes at Phoenix (9th) in the Subway Fresh Fit 500 and Richmond (5th) in the Chevy Rock & Roll 400.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: For 2008, Jeremy Mayfield was chosen to be the driver after running several races at the end of 2007 in the team's 66 car. After the seventh race of the season, Mayfield fell out of the Top 35 in Owner's Points, so he and Haas CNC parted ways. Sauter, along with Jason Leffler, Tony Raines, and others, finished out the 2008 season.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: For the 2009 season, the team switched to the No. 14 car, and new co-owner Tony Stewart began driving for the team. Office Depot, moving over from Carl Edwards' No. 99 Ford Fusion, and Old Spice, brought by Stewart, came aboard as primary sponsors, with the number chosen in tribute to Stewart's racing hero, open-wheel legend A. J. Foyt. Even though the No. 70 had finished outside of the Top 35 exemption rule, Stewart had the past championship provisional to utilize for the first five races of 2009 if it was necessary. After five races, the team was solidly in the top ten in owner points. Stewart won the 2009 Sprint All-Star Race, which was the first win for Gene Haas. A few weeks later, Stewart brought the team its first points-paying win at Pocono Raceway in the 2009 Pocono 500. In the 2009 Coke Zero 400 at Daytona, Stewart would win his second race under the Stewart-Haas banner, with Burger King as the sponsor. Stewart continued his winning ways with wins at Watkins Glen and Kansas. He managed a sixth-place finish in points.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart struggled for the early portion of the 2010 season, which prompted Old Spice to leave Stewart-Haas for the 2011 season. Stewart recovered later in the year to win two races at Atlanta and Auto Club Speedway and managed to make the Chase. He finished seventh in points. It was later announced that Mobil 1 would be the replacement sponsor for Old Spice.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart started the 2011 season with a dominant run at Las Vegas but a speeding penalty put the team out of contention late. Stewart was winless entering the Chase. During the 10 race Chase, Stewart won five races at Chicagoland, New Hampshire, Martinsville, Texas, and Homestead to win the team's first Sprint Cup championship, tying Carl Edwards in points, but winning the tiebreaker by most victories (Edwards with one). The title also made Stewart the only NASCAR driver to have won championship titles under the Winston Cup (2002), Nextel Cup (2005), and Sprint Cup (2011) brands.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: For the 2012 season, both Office Depot and Mobil 1 returned to sponsor Stewart as well as having a minor presence on Ryan Newman's 39 car's right left and right rear quarter panels.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart and his team got off to a quick start in 2012 after finishing second in the non-points Budweiser Shootout, winning the first Gatorade Duel, the Kobalt Tools 400 at Las Vegas, and the rain-shortened Auto Club 400 at Fontana. Later in the season, he won the Coke Zero 400 at Daytona. Stewart would end up finishing 9th in the points standings at the end of the season.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: For 2013, Stewart received a new primary sponsor in Bass Pro Shops, which moved over from Earnhardt Ganassi Racing to replace Office Depot. Bass Pro Shops joined Mobil 1, which sponsored eleven races while Bass Pro Shops sponsored eighteen. As of June 20, 2013, sponsorship for the other nine races has yet to be determined, although Stewart said Haas Automation could serve that role if absolutely necessary. Stewart subsequently won the 2013 FedEx 400. On August 5, Stewart broke his right leg in a sprint car accident, and was replaced by Max Papis at Watkins Glen. Austin Dillon was named to drive the 14 at Michigan. After the Michigan race, it was announced that Stewart would miss the remainder of the season, with Mark Martin stepping in as a replacement for twelve of the thirteen races, with Dillon driving at Talladega.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: As Stewart was not cleared to drive yet at the end of the 2013 season, including all official off-season testing, Martin continued driving the No. 14 during off-season testing. Stewart was eventually cleared to race.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: At the 2014 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen, Regan Smith replaced Stewart after he had hit a driver during a sprint car race the night before. Jeff Burton replaced Stewart for the Pure Michigan 400 and the Irwin Tools Night Race.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On September 30, 2015, it was announced that Stewart would retire after 2016, and former MWR driver Clint Bowyer would take over his ride in 2017. In 2016, Stewart was injured while riding a sand rail and was ruled out for the Daytona 500. In his place, former Michael Waltrip Racing driver Brian Vickers and Richard Childress Racing driver Ty Dillon drove the car. Stewart returned to the car at Richmond. He later won the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Sonoma Raceway, passing Denny Hamlin on the last lap, and snapped an 84-race winless streak. Stewart would be eliminated at the Round of 16, ending his last chance of a championship.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Bowyer struggled during his first year with SHR, scoring seven top 10s and finishing 18th in the 2017 points standings. The 2018 season saw a resurgence in Bowyer's performance, with two wins at Martinsville and Michigan, nine top-fives, and 15 top-10 finishes. This improvement in consistency has resulted in Bowyer's return to the Playoffs since the 2015 season and the No. 14 team's first Playoff run since 2016. He made it to the Round of 8 until he was eliminated at Phoenix after a tire blew and he was sent to the outer wall. Bowyer finished the season 12th in points.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Bowyer was winless in 2019, but stayed consistent enough to once again make the Playoffs. He made it to the Round of 12 and was eliminated at Kansas. Bowyer finished ninth in the points standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On December 4, 2019, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Johnny Klausmeier would replace Mike Bugarewicz as the crew chief of the No. 14 team in 2020. During the 2020 season, Bowyer remained winless, but he used his consistency to make the Playoffs. He made it to the Round of 12 and was eliminated at the Charlotte Roval.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On October 8, 2020, Bowyer announced he will retire from full-time driving at the end of the 2020 season and work as a "NASCAR on Fox" commentator starting in 2021.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On October 20, 2020, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Chase Briscoe would replace Bowyer in the No. 14 in 2021, promoting him from its Xfinity side; sponsor HighPoint.com joined Briscoe and the No. 14. In his rookie season, Briscoe scored three top-10s and finished 23rd in points. In addition, he won the 2021 NASCAR Rookie of the Year honors.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Briscoe began the 2022 season with a 22nd-place finish at the 2022 Busch Light Clash at The Coliseum. He placed third at the 2022 Daytona 500, missing out on the win by 0.091 seconds to Bubba Wallace and winner Austin Cindric. Briscoe won his first Cup Series race at Phoenix on March 13. He led 101 out of 312 laps en route to his maiden victory, becoming the 200th different driver in series history to have won a race in the Cup Series. Briscoe was eliminated following the Round of 8 after finishing 10th at Martinsville.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The No. 41 car is the fourth and newest team added to Stewart-Haas Racing and debuted at the beginning of the 2014 season. On August 26, 2013, Kurt Busch announced he would be leaving Furniture Row Racing to drive the fourth Stewart-Haas car. The deal was initiated by team founder Gene Haas, who would sponsor the full season through his company Haas Automation. The signing of Busch came with some controversy, considering that Ryan Newman's contract was not renewed under the pretense that there was not enough funding to run both Newman's No. 39 team and Kevin Harvick's new No. 4 team. In addition, Busch was signed by Haas while co-owner Tony Stewart, a noted rival of Busch's, was more-or-less incapacitated due to his leg injury, with Stewart publicly saying "It was his (Haas') decision" but also "Kurt [Busch] is a huge asset." On September 24, 2013, it was revealed that the car would be No. 41, and later that Daniel Knost would be Busch's crew chief. SHR purchased the No. 14's charter from the now-defunct Michael Waltrip Racing.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In only his sixth race with the team, Busch took the checkered flag at the 2014 STP 500 at Martinsville Speedway on March 30, 2014. Busch fought back from a pit road incident with former teammate Brad Keselowski and held off rival and Martinsville ace Jimmie Johnson for his 25th career victory and his first victory since 2011. The team struggled from a lack of consistency, leading to a crew chief swap with the No. 10 team. Tony Gibson became the No. 41 crew chief. Busch made the 2014 Chase for the Sprint Cup, but failed to make it past the opening round.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Busch started the 2015 season on suspension while he was investigated for allegations of domestic violence. Regan Smith took over the No. 41 car for the first three races of the year, finishing in the top 20 at both of the first two races. Although Smith competed for Xfinity Series points, the No. 41 car remained eligible for the owner's championship. Busch's suspension was lifted on March 11 and he returned to the No. 41 car at Phoenix, with a waiver to remain eligible for the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Busch scored his second victory in the No. 41 at Richmond in April. He scored his second win of the season at Michigan in June, in a rain-shortened event. Busch earned a spot in the Chase and made it through the three first rounds, but failed to make it to the final round. Busch finished eighth in the final points standings, with two wins and 21 top-ten finishes.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In October 2015, Busch signed a multi-year extension with SHR. For the 2016 season, Monster Energy became a co-primary sponsor of the team along with Haas Automation, after being a personal sponsor of Busch since 2012. Before the Cup series season, Busch and SHR were informed that because the No. 41 team was not formed until 2014, they were not eligible for one of the 36 charters NASCAR granted to teams who participated full-time in Cup. Stewart-Haas Racing managed to secure Busch a spot in every race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup season by purchasing a charter from the defunct Michael Waltrip Racing. Busch's lone victory of the 2016 season came at Pocono Raceway on June 6 after preserving enough fuel to hold off Dale Earnhardt Jr., finishing seventh in the final standings.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Busch started 2017 with a crash in the Advance Auto Parts Clash after Johnson got loose and spun, collecting Busch in the process. A week later, Busch went on to win his first Daytona 500 in his long career, passing Kyle Larson on the last lap. This also gave SHR their first Daytona 500 win, as well as their first win with Ford. This was Busch's only win in 2017, and he finished the season 14th in points. This 58-race winless streak was broken with a victory at the Bristol night race in 2018. Busch made it to the Round of 8 of the Playoffs until he was eliminated at Phoenix after a late crash with Denny Hamlin and Chase Elliott. He finished the season seventh in points. On December 2, 2018, Busch announced that he will not return to SHR in 2019.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On January 7, 2019, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that former Joe Gibbs Racing driver Daniel Suárez would take over the No. 41 in the 2019 season. In addition, Suárez brought over Arris International to sponsor the team. Suárez struggled to make a decent finish throughout the 2019 season, scoring four top fives and 11 top 10 finishes and failing to make the Playoffs. On November 14, 2019, Suárez announced he would leave the 41 at the end of the season.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On November 15, 2019, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Custer will replace Suárez in the No. 41 Ford in 2020. On December 4, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Mike Shiplett will replace Billy Scott as the crew chief of the No. 41 team. Both Shiplett and Custer worked together during the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series. After just collecting a top ten finish in the first 16 races, Custer finished 5th at Indianapolis, his first career top-five and the team's best run at that point. With 1 lap to go at the Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway the following week later, Custer slipped by Ryan Blaney, Kevin Harvick, and Martin Truex Jr. in an incredible four-wide pass for the lead to cruise to his first career victory. Custer became the first driver to score their first career win with the team. His win earned him a spot in the 2020 Playoffs, but he was eliminated after the Round of 16 at Bristol.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On October 11, 2022, Custer and Shiplett were fined 100,000 after Custer intentionally slowed down and checked up on the last lap of the Charlotte Roval race, allowing his SHR teammate Chase Briscoe to advance to the next round of the playoffs. In addition, Shiplett was indefinitely suspended and the No. 41 team was docked 50 owner and driver points.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On November 16, 2022, SHR announced that Ryan Preece will replace Custer in the No. 41 for the 2023 season while Custer will move back to the Xfinity Series.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The Haas team made its debut in the then-Busch Series in 2003 season as the No. 00 Haas Automation Chevrolet. Troy Cline attempted a total of four races for the team, failing to qualify in the first two attempts before making the race at Fontana. The team used the number 79 in this race, utilizing the owners points of Aramendia Motorsports. Jason Leffler ran the final four races of the season in the car. He made his debut for the team at Kansas in October, starting 11th and finished 16th despite wrecking during the race. After a pair of 11th at Charlotte and Phoenix, Leffler had his first top-five, starting 14th and finishing 4th.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: After driving the team's No. 00 at the end of 2004, for 2005 Justin Labonte ran a full-time in the newly renumbered No. 44 United States Coast Guard Chevy in a merger between Haas CNC and Labonte Motorsports known as Labonte-Haas Motorsports. However, he had limited success, with a 7th-place finish at Talladega and a 10th-place finish at Charlotte in the fall. After a 17th-place finish in points, Labonte was released at the end of the season. The No. 44, a Labonte family number, would not be fielded again by Haas.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In 2006, Johnny Sauter was hired to drive the No. 00, with Yellow Transportation coming on board to sponsor the ride. The team finished 8th in the final point standings. A late-season surge for Sauter resulted in the No. 00 Busch Series team moving up to the Cup Series as the No. 70 team, and the team's Busch Series program was shut down and the equipment was sold to Jay Robinson Racing.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: On July 25, 2016, Stewart-Haas announced plans to reopen its Xfinity Series program starting in 2017. On September 16, 2016, the team announced that Camping World Truck Series driver Cole Custer would drive the car in 2017, with Haas Automation as the primary sponsor and crew chief Jeff Meendering. At the 2017 Ford EcoBoost 300, Custer led almost every lap, won Stage 1 and 2, and earned Stewart-Haas Racing their second career Xfinity win. In 2018, Cole Custer had six poles and one race win. Custer made the final four in the championship playoffs after winning at Texas Motor Speedway on a last-lap battle with Tyler Reddick, who would later beat Custer for the championship.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: It was announced that Kevin Harvick would run six races in a second Stewart-Haas car, the No. 41 Mustang, in 2017, starting with the March 4 race at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Hunt Brothers Pizza was announced to be the primary sponsor for four of the six races, with Bad Boy Buggies being the sponsor for Atlanta, and FIELDS Inc. the sponsor for Watkins Glen International. Harvick did not win in the car but had a best finish of second at Charlotte.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Briscoe and the team would run full-time for the 2019 season. Briscoe would score his second career Xfinity Series win at Iowa Speedway. Briscoe returned full-time to the #98 for the 2020 season when HighPoint announced it would be the primary sponsor of Briscoe and the No. 98 Xfinity Series team of Stewart-Haas Racing. Briscoe went on to have a career year with a season leading 9 wins, making him the obvious choice to replace the retiring Clint Bowyer in the No. 14 Ford Mustang in 2021. The iconic blue-and-white colors of HighPoint that emblazoned Briscoe in 2020 remain with him in 2021.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: The team had an agreement for Camping World Truck Series team MRD Motorsports to be the driver development team for Haas CNC Racing which Blake Bjorklund was named the driver for the 2007 season. Bjorklund was originally scheduled to drive 12 races for MRD but ran most of the schedule before being replaced by Chad McCumbee.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In 2014, 16-year-old Cole Custer, son of longtime SHR executive Joe Custer, ran the No. 00 Haas Automation Silverado in the Camping World Truck Series with the team, branded Haas Racing Development, for 9 races with trucks coming from Turner Scott Motorsports and engines from Hendrick Motorsports. Custer had finished 8th in the K&N Pro Series East standings in 2013 driving for Ken Schrader with sponsorship from Haas, including two wins at Iowa and Loudon. Custer made his truck debut at Martinsville Speedway, finishing 12th.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Custer became the youngest pole winner in Truck Series history, earning the top starting spot in his third start at Gateway Motorsports Park. He finished 6th in the race. Custer later won the pole at New Hampshire and would go on to win the race from the pole, becoming the youngest driver to win a Truck Series race. With the win, Gene Haas became just the fourth owner to win a race in all three of NASCAR's national series.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Custer and the No. 00 team moved to JR Motorsports in 2015, although remaining a part of the Haas stable, the Haas truck team was shut down.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: In 2021, The team field the No. 14 ford for Chase Briscoe at Sonoma Raceway in preparation for the Cup race at the track. Briscoe won the race.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart-Haas Racing made their K&N Pro Series debut at the 2018 Carneros 200 at Sonoma Raceway. Aric Almirola drove the No. 41 Ford in preparation for the Cup race at the track the following day.


title: Stewart-Haas Racing

text: Stewart-Haas Gaming made history by winning the inaugural eNASCAR Heat Pro League Championship in 2019. For the 2020 eNASCAR iRacing World Championship Series, the team was rebranded as Stewart-Haas eSports.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: Biodynamic agriculture is a form of alternative agriculture based on pseudo-scientific and esoteric concepts initially developed in 1924 by Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925). It was the first of the organic farming movements. It treats soil fertility, plant growth, and livestock care as ecologically interrelated tasks, emphasizing spiritual and mystical perspectives.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: Biodynamics has much in common with other organic approaches – it emphasizes the use of manures and composts and excludes the use of synthetic (artificial) fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides on soil and plants. Methods unique to the biodynamic approach include its treatment of animals, crops, and soil as a single system, an emphasis from its beginnings on local production and distribution systems, its use of traditional and development of new local breeds and varieties. Some methods use an astrological sowing and planting calendar. Biodynamic agriculture uses various herbal and mineral additives for compost additives and field sprays; these are prepared using methods that are more akin to sympathetic magic than agronomy, such as burying ground quartz stuffed into the horn of a cow, which are said to harvest "cosmic forces in the soil".


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: No difference in beneficial outcomes has been scientifically established between certified biodynamic agricultural techniques and similar organic and integrated farming practices. Biodynamic agriculture is a pseudoscience as it lacks scientific evidence for its efficacy because of its reliance upon esoteric knowledge and mystical beliefs.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: As of 2020, biodynamic techniques were used on 251,842 hectares in 55 countries, led by Germany, Australia and France. Germany accounts for 41.8% of the global total; the remainder average 1,750 ha per country. Biodynamic methods of cultivating grapevines have been taken up by several notable vineyards. There are certification agencies for biodynamic products, most of which are members of the international biodynamics standards group Demeter International.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: Biodynamics was the first modern organic agriculture. Its development began in 1924 with a series of eight lectures on agriculture given by philosopher Rudolf Steiner at Schloss Koberwitz in Silesia, Germany (now Kobierzyce in Poland). These lectures, the first known presentation of organic agriculture, were held in response to a request by farmers who noticed degraded soil conditions and a deterioration in the health and quality of crops and livestock resulting from the use of chemical fertilizers. The 111 attendees, less than half of whom were farmers, came from six countries, primarily Germany and Poland. The lectures were published in November 1924; the first English translation appeared in 1928 as "The Agriculture Course".


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: Steiner emphasized that the methods he proposed should be tested experimentally. For this purpose, Steiner established a research group, the "Agricultural Experimental Circle of Anthroposophical Farmers and Gardeners of the General Anthroposophical Society". Between 1924 and 1939, this research group attracted about 800 members from around the world, including Europe, the Americas and Australasia. Another group, the "Association for Research in Anthroposophical Agriculture" ("Versuchsring anthroposophischer Landwirte"), directed by the German agronomist Erhard Bartsch, was formed to test the effects of biodynamic methods on the life and health of soil, plants and animals; the group published a monthly journal, "Demeter". Bartsch was also instrumental in developing a sales organisation for biodynamic products, Demeter, which still exists today. The Research Association was renamed the Imperial Association for Biodynamic Agriculture ("Reichsverband für biologisch-dynamische Wirtschaftsweise") in 1933. It was dissolved by the National Socialist regime in 1941. In 1931 the association had 250 members in Germany, 109 in Switzerland, 104 in other European countries and 24 outside Europe. The oldest biodynamic farms are the Wurzerhof in Austria and Marienhöhe in Germany.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: In 1938, Ehrenfried Pfeiffer's text, "Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening", was published in five languages – English, Dutch, Italian, French, and German; this became the standard work in the field for several decades. In July 1939, at the invitation of Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne, Pfeiffer travelled to the UK and presented the Betteshanger Summer School and Conference on Biodynamic Farming at Northbourne's farm in Kent. The conference has been described as the 'missing link' between biodynamic agriculture and organic farming because, in the year after Betteshanger, Northbourne published his manifesto of organic farming, "Look to the Land", in which he coined the term 'organic farming' and praised the methods of Rudolf Steiner. In the 1950s, Hans Mueller was encouraged by Steiner's work to create the organic-biological farming method in Switzerland; this later developed to become the largest certifier of organic products in Europe, "Bioland".


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: Today biodynamics is practiced in more than 50 countries worldwide and in a variety of circumstances, ranging from temperate arable farming, viticulture in France, cotton production in Egypt, to silkworm breeding in China. Demeter International is the primary certification agency for farms and gardens using the methods. In 2020 Demeter International and the International Biodynamic Association joined to become the Biodynamic Federation - Demeter International.


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: In common with other forms of organic agriculture, biodynamic agriculture uses management practices that are intended to "restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony". Central features include crop diversification, the avoidance of chemical soil treatments and off-farm inputs generally, decentralized production and distribution, and the consideration of celestial and terrestrial influences on biological organisms. The Demeter Association recommends that "(a) minimum of ten percent of the total farm acreage be set aside as a biodiversity preserve. That may include but is not limited to forests, wetlands, riparian corridors, and intentionally planted insectaries. Diversity in crop rotation and perennial planting is required: no annual crop can be planted in the same field for more than two years in succession. Bare tillage year round is prohibited so land needs to maintain adequate green cover."


title: Biodynamic agriculture

text: The Demeter Association also recommends that the individual design of the land "by the farmer, as determined by site conditions, is one of the basic tenets of biodynamic agriculture. This principle emphasizes that humans have a responsibility for the development of their ecological and social environment which goes beyond economic aims and the principles of descriptive ecology." Crops, livestock, and farmer, and "the entire socioeconomic environment" form a unique interaction, which biodynamic farming tries to "actively shape ...through a variety of management practices. The prime objective is always to encourage healthy conditions for life": soil fertility, plant and animal health, and product quality. "The farmer seeks to enhance and support the forces of nature that lead to healthy crops, and rejects farm management practices that damage the environment, soil, plant, animal or human health...the farm is conceived of as an organism, a self-contained entity with its own individuality," holistically conceived and self-sustaining. "Disease and insect control are addressed through botanical species diversity, predator habitat, balanced crop nutrition, and attention to light penetration and airflow. Weed control emphasizes prevention, including timing of planting, mulching, and identifying and avoiding the spread of invasive weed species."