title: Martin de Porres

text: Pope Gregory XVI beatified Martin de Porres on 29 October 1837, and nearly 125 years later, Pope John XXIII canonized him in Rome on 6 May 1962. He is the patron saint of people of mixed race, and of innkeepers, barbers, public health workers and more, with a feast day on November 3, also commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Church of England.


title: Martin de Porres

text: He is recognised as "Papa Candelo" in the Afro-Caribbean-Catholic syncretist religion, which is practised in places where African diaspora culture thrives such as Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, the United States, and his native Peru.


title: Martin de Porres

text: Martin de Porres is often depicted as a young mixed-race friar wearing the old habit of the Dominican lay brother, a black scapular and capuce, along with a broom, since he considered all work to be sacred, no matter how menial. He is sometimes shown with a dog, a cat and a mouse eating in peace from the same dish.


title: Martin de Porres

text: Martin's sometimes defiant attachment to the ideal of social justice achieved deep resonance in a church attempting to carry forward that ideal in today's modern world.


title: Martin de Porres

text: Today, Martin is commemorated by, among other things, a school building that houses the medical, nursing, and rehabilitation science schools of the Dominican University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines. A programme of work is also named after him at the Las Casas Institute at Blackfriars Hall, University of Oxford. And he is the titular saint of the parish of St. Martin de Porres in Poughkeepsie, New York, and some elementary schools. A number of Catholic churches are named after him. The Southern Province of Dominicans in the United States also bears his name.


title: Martin de Porres

text: In 1965, American composer E. Anne Schwerdtfeger composed the "Mass of St. Martin de Porres" for chorus and organ.


title: Martin de Porres

text: In the 1980 novel "A Confederacy of Dunces", Ignatius Reilly contemplates praying to Martin for aid in bringing social justice to the black workers at the New Orleans factory where he works. And in music, the first track of jazz pianist Mary Lou Williams's album "Black Christ of the Andes" is titled "St. Martin De Porres".


title: Martin de Porres

text: There are several Spanish and Mexican works regarding his life in cinema and television, starring Cuban actor Rene Muñoz, most of them referring to his mixed race, his miracles and his life of humility. The best known movies are "Fray Escoba" (Friar Broom) (1963) and "Un mulato llamado Martin" (A Mulatto Called Martin) (1975).


title: Martin de Porres

text: In the "Moone Boy" episode "Godfellas", the character Martin Moon is shown to be named by his grandfather after San Martin de Porres. His grandfather is unable to actually remember any of San Martin's accomplishments, and simply refers to him as "one of the black ones" when asked about him.


title: Martin de Porres

text: American singer Madonna's lead single "Like a Prayer" (1989) featured Martin de Porres as a character in the song's music video. The portrayal of de Porres and Madonna in a romantic relationship was met with mixed criticism from the Catholic church in Peru and the Vatican.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks is the third-largest city in the state of North Dakota (after Fargo and Bismarck) and the county seat of Grand Forks County. According to the 2020 census, the city's population was 59,166. Grand Forks, along with its twin city of East Grand Forks, Minnesota, forms the center of the Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is often called Greater Grand Forks or the Grand Cities.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Located on the western banks of the north-flowing Red River of the North, in a flat region known as the Red River Valley, the city is prone to flooding. The Red River Flood of 1997 devastated the city. Originally called "Les Grandes Fourches" by French fur traders from Canada, who had long worked and lived in the region, steamboat captain Alexander Griggs platted a community after being forced to winter there. The post office was established in 1870, and the town was incorporated on February 22, 1881. The city was named for its location at the fork of the Red River and the Red Lake River.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Initially dependent on local agriculture, the city's economy has since broadened to include a wide variety of industries, including higher education, defense, health care, manufacturing, food processing, and scientific research. Grand Forks is served by Grand Forks International Airport and Grand Forks Air Force Base. The city's University of North Dakota is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The Alerus Center and Ralph Engelstad Arena host athletic and other events, while the Empire Arts Center and Chester Fritz Auditorium are the city's largest cultural venues.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Prior to settlement by Europeans, the area where the city developed, at the forks of the Red River and Red Lake River for thousands of years, had been an important meeting and trading point for Native Americans. Early French explorers, fur trappers, and traders called the area "Les Grandes Fourches," meaning "The Grand Forks". By the 1740s, French fur trappers relied on "Les Grandes Fourches" as an important trading post. This was French colonial territory.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The United States acquired the territory from British Rupert's Land with the Treaty of 1818, but indigenous tribes dominated the area until the late 19th century. After years of warfare, the United States made treaties to extinguish the land claims of the Ojibwe and other Native American peoples. When a U.S. post office was established on the site on June 15, 1870, the name was changed to the English "Grand Forks". Alexander Griggs, a steamboat captain, is regarded as "The Father of Grand Forks". Griggs' steamboat froze in the Red River on a voyage in late 1870, forcing the captain and his crew to spend the winter camping at Grand Forks. Griggs platted a community in 1875, and Grand Forks was officially incorporated on February 22, 1881.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Thousands of settlers were attracted to the Dakota Territory in the 1870s and 1880s for its cheap land, and the population began to rise. Many established small family farms, but some investors bought thousands of acres for bonanza farms, where they supervised the cultivation and harvesting of wheat as a commodity crop. The city grew quickly after the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1880 and the Northern Pacific Railway in 1887. In 1883, the University of North Dakota was established, six years before North Dakota was admitted as an independent state born from the Dakota Territory.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: During the first half of the 20th century, new residential neighborhoods were developed south and west of downtown Grand Forks. In the 1920s, the state-owned North Dakota Mill and Elevator was constructed on the city's north side.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: In 1954, Grand Forks was chosen as the site for an Air Force base. Grand Forks Air Force Base brought thousands of new jobs and residents to the community. The military base and the University of North Dakota became integral to the city's economy. With construction of federal highways, during the postwar years residential and business development became suburbanized, spreading to new areas as land was available. Interstate 29 was built on the western side of the city, and two enclosed shopping malls—South Forks Plaza and Columbia Mall—were built on the south side.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Red River had a history of seasonal flooding, aggravated by the broad ancient lake bed that formed the Red River Valley. The 1997 Red River flood caused extensive damage in the city. Fargo was upstream from the bulk of the flood waters that season, and Winnipeg had built an extensive system of flood control structures in the 1960s. In 1997, Grand Forks suffered the most damage of any major city in the Red River Valley. During the height of the flooding, a major fire destroyed 11 buildings in the downtown area. The government began developing a new levee system to protect the city, which was completed 10 years later. It required the relocation of numerous residents, as some neighborhoods were emptied for this construction.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The floodplain bordering the Red River was later converted into a large park known as the Greater Grand Forks Greenway. This provided new recreation space for city residents on both sides of the river, as well as space for future floodwaters to be absorbed naturally by trees and other plants, without damage to infrastructure.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: New public and private developments have continued to expand Grand Forks's footprint since the 1997 flood. Two new, large sports venues opened in 2001: the Alerus Center and the Ralph Engelstad Arena. Six years later, the Winnipeg-based Canad Inns hotel chain added a 13-story hotel and waterpark connected to the Alerus Center. Grand Forks also surpassed pre-flood level population, area employment, and taxable sales in 2007.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks is north of the Fargo-Moorhead area and south of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Grand Forks is on the western bank of the Red River of the North in an area known as the Red River Valley. The term "forks" refers to the forking of the Red River with the Red Lake River near downtown Grand Forks. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Since it is in one of the flattest parts of the world, the city has few differences in elevation. There are no lakes within the city limits of Grand Forks, but the meandering Red River and the English Coulee flow through the community and provide some break in the terrain.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Red River Valley is the result of an ancient glacier carving its way south during the last ice age. Once the glacier receded, it formed a glacial lake called Lake Agassiz. The valley is formed from the ancient lake bed. The ancient beaches can still be seen as rolling hills west of the city.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks has several distinct neighborhoods. The area adjacent to the Red River developed first; this is where some of the oldest neighborhoods, including the downtown area, can be found. The area between downtown and the University of North Dakota campus was another early growth area, and historic properties can be found here, as well.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Downtown Grand Forks contains many recognized historic buildings. It is the governmental center of the city and county. It is also used as a gathering place for large community events and festivals. A farmer's market takes place every Saturday from mid-June to mid-September in the Town Square at the corner of 3rd Street S. and DeMers Avenue.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: In 2006, city leaders and developers announced plans to convert older office buildings into high-end condos and apartments, and to construct new buildings for the same purpose to provide for residents downtown. Directly south of downtown, the streets of the Near Southside Historic District are lined with classic houses. Reeves Drive was once one of the city's most fashionable neighborhoods. It has many historic mansions exhibiting several unique architectural styles. This neighborhood has areas of original granitoid paving, several historic churches, and Lincoln Drive Park. The Near Southside neighborhood has been designated as a "national historic district" and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The newer neighborhoods of Grand Forks developed in the city's southern and western parts. The 32nd Avenue South corridor has been the commercial center of the city since 1978, when the Columbia Mall opened. Many big box stores and restaurants are now along the avenue. A large strip mall, called the Grand Forks Marketplace, opened in 2001 near the Columbia Mall.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: University Village is a new commercial district built on vacant lands owned by the University of North Dakota. The centerpiece of the Village is the Ralph Engelstad Arena, used by the university's North Dakota men's ice hockey team. All the buildings in the village have been built in a style similar style to those on the nearby UND campus. Restaurants and retail stores, as well as the university bookstore, were developed in the area to stimulate community life. In 2006, the university opened a new wellness center for its students on the village's west side.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Due to its location in the Great Plains and its distance from both mountains and oceans, Grand Forks has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb), USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 4a. It has four very distinct seasons and great variation in temperatures over very short periods of time. Its location in the flat Red River Valley makes the city susceptible to spring flooding from the Red River of the North, and year-round windy conditions.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: As there are no nearby mountain ranges or bodies of water to ameliorate the climatic conditions, Grand Forks lies exposed to numerous weather systems, including bitterly cold Arctic high pressure systems. The city has long, cold, and snowy winters. Summers are often warm to hot and often quite humid with frequent thunderstorms. Although warm weather normally ends soon after Labor Day, a few warm days sometimes occur as late as October. Spring and autumn are short and highly variable seasons. Record temperature extremes range from on January 11, 1912, to on July 12, 1936.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The daily mean temperatures of the Grand Forks winters are associated with subarctic climates with frequent subzero temperatures. Due to the extended warm period of daily means above from May to September, the city's climate is still classified within the humid continental temperature range.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 52,838 people, 22,260 households, and 11,275 families in the city. The population density was . There were 23,449 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.7% White, 2.0% African American, 2.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian (0.72% Bhutanese, 0.67% Chinese, 0.4% Indian, 0.36% Filipino), 0.7% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: There were 22,260 households, of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.3% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The median age in the city was 28.4 years. 18.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 24.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 49,321 people, 19,677 households, and 11,058 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,563.0 per square mile (989.8/km). There were 20,838 housing units at an average density of 1,082.8 per square mile (418.2/km).


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The city's racial makeup was 93.4% White, 0.9% African American, 2.8% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population. The top six ancestry groups were Norwegian (36.4%), German (34.7%), Irish (10.6%), French (6.5%), Polish (6.2%), English (6.1%). There were 21.4% of the population under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Of the 19,677 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.0. The median income for a household in the city was $34,194, and the median income for a family was $47,491. Males had a median income of $30,703 versus $21,573 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,395. About 9.3% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The economy of Grand Forks is not dominated by any one industry or sector. While agriculture continues to play a role in the area's economy, the city of Grand Forks now has a relatively diverse economy that includes public and private employers in sectors such as education, defense, health care, manufacturing, and food processing. The state and federal governments are two of the largest employers in the Grand Forks area. The University of North Dakota, in the heart of the city, is the largest employer in the metropolitan area. Grand Forks Air Force Base, just west of the city, employs a large number of civilian workers in addition to its military personnel. Altru Health System is the largest private employer in Grand Forks.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: According to the City's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are:


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Major manufacturers in Grand Forks include wind turbine manufacturer LM Wind Fiber and light aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design. Major food producers include potato processor J. R. Simplot Company and the state-owned North Dakota Mill and Elevator, the nation's largest flour mill. Amazon.com and SEI Information Technologies both operate call centers in Grand Forks. Other large private employers in the city include the locally owned Alerus Financial branch of banks, Home of Economy, and the locally owned Hugo's chain of supermarkets.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The retail and service sector is also an important part of the economy. The historic center of shopping in Grand Forks was the downtown area. Today, downtown is home to small shops, bars, and restaurants. The south end of Grand Forks has become another major retail district, with three large shopping centers. The oldest, Grand Cities Mall, is on South Washington Street and contains small, locally owned stores and two churches. With about 70 stores, the city's largest indoor mall is Columbia Mall, which is anchored by J.C. Penney and Scheels. The newest major shopping center is the Grand Forks Marketplace power center mall, which features Best Buy, Lowe's, Target and several smaller stores. Due to its proximity to Canada, the Greater Grand Forks area attracts many shoppers from Manitoba.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The city government is involved in the economic development process, helping firms grow and attracting new firms. A portion of sales tax revenues is set aside for this, some going into the Grand Forks Growth Fund. Companies can request low-interest loans or grants from this fund provided they meet certain criteria, such as paying a relatively high wage and doing most of their business outside the city's trade region. The city also contributes to the Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corporation (EDC), a public-private organization that receives funding from banks and other major businesses. The EDC plays a consulting role for businesses, such as identifying suitable sites for expansion or assembling public funding packages. Its other key role is to vet businesses to see if they are suitable for funding by the Growth Fund.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Community leaders have long seen UND as an "economic engine" for the city. Besides its regular faculty, it also has business-like components such as the Energy and Environmental Research Center. UND hosts a technology incubator called the Center for Innovation. More recently, the University has been working to commercialize its research. A major thrust in that direction is the construction of a research park on the western fringes of the campus. Another potential economic opportunity for the city is the addition of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mission to Grand Forks Air Force Base.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Due at least in part to the presence of the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks offers a variety of arts and cultural events. The North Dakota Museum of Art, on the UND campus, brings many nationally touring exhibits to Grand Forks as well as the work of regional artists. In addition to the Museum of Art, UND offers other gallery space for student art. UND also has Theater Arts and Music departments. Students stage theater productions each year at the Burtness Theater on campus. UND's Chester Fritz Auditorium also brings music and theater events to Grand Forks, including national touring companies of Broadway musicals.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra has been performing since 1905 and the Grand Forks Master Chorale was formed in 1983. Both groups stage productions each year at various locations in the community. The North Dakota Ballet Company is headquartered in Grand Forks and often performs at the Chester Fritz Auditorium. The Grand Forks City Band was formed in 1886 and still stages shows year round.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Empire Arts Center, in downtown Grand Forks, is home to several cultural events throughout the year. The Empire, a 1919 movie theater, was restored after the Flood of 1997 and now includes performance space, a large movie screen, a gallery, and space for artists. The Fire Hall Theatre, also downtown, is used by community members to put on several theater productions each year. The Summer Performing Arts Company (SPA) is a popular summer arts program for area K–12 students. SPA stages three major musicals mid-July. The Myra Museum, on Belmont Road near the Greater Grand Forks Greenway, is a small history museum with exhibits that trace local history from the Ice Age, through settlement, and into the modern age. Other buildings on the Myra Museum grounds include the original 1868 Grand Forks Post Office, a 1917 one room school, and the historic Campbell House.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: College sports are popular in Grand Forks, with an intense following for the University of North Dakota. The UND men's ice hockey team competes in the NCAA Division I level and has been the Frozen Four championship team eight times and the runner-up five times. The UND football team was the 2001 NCAA Division II champion and the 2003 runner-up. In 2006, the university announced that it would be moving its entire athletic program to Division I.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks is home to two major indoor athletic arenas. The city-owned Alerus Center opened in 2001. The Alerus Center is home to the University of North Dakota football team and also plays host to a variety of other events including major concerts. The Alerus Center is the largest arena and convention center complex in the upper Midwest area. The University of North Dakota hockey teams compete in the Ralph Engelstad Arena, in the University Village district of the UND campus. "The Ralph", as it is commonly called, was funded by UND benefactor Ralph Engelstad and opened in 2001 at a cost of over . Adjacent to the Ralph Engelstad Arena is the smaller Betty Engelstad Sioux Center. "The Betty" is the home of the University of North Dakota basketball and volleyball teams.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Grand Forks Park District, established in 1905, operates 14 neighborhood parks, 28 tennis courts, 2 swimming pools, and 3 splash parks. The parks include features such as playgrounds, baseball fields, softball fields, soccer fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, and picnic areas. Sertoma Park includes a Japanese garden. The Park District also operates eleven outdoor skating rinks and indoor ice arenas: Purpur Arena, Eagles Arena, Blueline Club Arena, and Gambucci Arena. The district also owns the Choice Health & Fitness.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: There are several golf courses in the city and the surrounding area. The Park District operates the 18-hole, Arnold Palmer-designed, links style King's Walk Golf Course and the historic, 9-hole Lincoln Golf Course. The University of North Dakota operated the 9-hole Ray Richards Golf Course. However were forced to sell the course in 2016 leaving it abandoned. The 18-hole Grand Forks Country Club is directly south of the city. There are also golf courses in nearby East Grand Forks, Minnesota and Manvel, North Dakota.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Greater Grand Forks Greenway is a large park that runs the length of the Red River in the city. It includes an extensive path system, large festival grounds, ski trails, and wildflower gardens. Including the Greenway, the Andrew Hampsten Bikeway System in Grand Forks is over long. These paths are in The Greenway, next to major streets, and on the banks of the English Coulee. There are also two pedestrian/bicycle bridges that span the Red River, connecting Grand Forks' and East Grand Forks' paths.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: University Park is one of the parks with an adjacent school, West Elementary School (1949), which was deliberately sited there to help serve the students' recreational and exercise needs.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks has a mayor-council government. The mayor, who is elected every four years, oversees the administration of city government and works directly with department heads to ensure the proper provision of services. The mayor of Grand Forks is former NHL hockey player and real estate developer Brandon Bochenski. Bochenski defeated Michael Brown in the June 9, 2020, mayoral election. Brown served as mayor from 2000 to 2020.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The city is divided into seven wards, with each ward electing a council member to a four-year term. The council meets twice a month and its two main committees, the Finance/Development Committee and Service/Safety Committee, each meet twice a month. All these meetings are broadcast on a local cable channel.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The University of North Dakota (UND), the state's oldest university and home to its only schools of medicine and law, is at Grand Forks. UND is known for its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences, which includes an Air Traffic Control Training program that in October 2009 the FAA ranked No.1 in the nation for the second consecutive year. UND and North Dakota State University make up the Red River Valley Research Corridor.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Northland Community and Technical College, a two-year school, is across the Red River in East Grand Forks. The University of Minnesota Crookston is in nearby Crookston, Minnesota.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Grand Forks Public Schools system includes the Grand Forks and Grand Forks Air Force Base school districts. Enrollment is about 7,400. There is one singular Head Start program, ten elementary schools, a combined elementary and middle school (Twining), three middle schools (Schroeder, South, and Valley), two high schools (Central High and Red River High), an alternative high school, and an adult education program. Grand Forks Public Schools is governed by a nine-member board of elected representatives, separate from the city and county governments.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: There are several primary schools that are not part of the public school system, including the state-operated North Dakota School for the Blind. There are two Catholic schools offering classes from kindergarten through sixth grade. The only private high school in the metropolitan area is Sacred Heart High School, a Catholic school, in East Grand Forks. There is a non-denominational Christian elementary and middle school in East Grand Forks.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Six of the city's Mid-Century Modern-style schools were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020 for their architecture.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The "Grand Forks Herald" is the major daily newspaper serving Grand Forks and the second most widely circulated newspaper in North Dakota with a daily circulation of around 31,000. "The Exponent" is a weekly newspaper published in East Grand Forks, Minnesota. The University of North Dakota also has its own student-published newspaper called "The Dakota Student", which is published twice weekly during the school year.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The major AM radio station in Grand Forks is KNOX 1310, which is a news and talk station, also heard at 107.9 FM. Nonprofit KWTL 1370 AM broadcasts Catholic programming, also heard at 92.5 FM. Other commercial AM radio stations include sports station KKXL-AM 1440; classic rock station KGFK 1590, also heard at 95.7 FM; and news/talk KROX 1260, also heard at 92.1 FM. The city's FM stations include NPR affiliates KUND-FM 89.3, KFJM 90.7, KQMN 91.5, and KNTN 102.7. Other nonprofit FM stations include K-Love's K237ER 95.3; and 3ABN's KOBT-LP 101.3. Commercial FM stations include active rock station KJKJ 107.5; top 40/CHR stations KKXL-FM 92.9 and KZGF 94.7; country stations KSNR 100.3 and KYCK 97.1; adult contemporary station KZLT-FM 104.3; contemporary Christian music station KKEQ (K285BG) 104.9, and classic hits station KQHT 96.1.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks is part of the Fargo television market, covering eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota. Major television affiliates include WDAZ-TV (ABC), K30LR-D (CBS), KBRR-TV (FOX) and KVLY-TV (NBC).


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The city maintains a bus system, Cities Area Transit (CAT). It has operated since 1926, when it was introduced to replace an earlier trolley system. There are 12 bus routes, including night service and service in East Grand Forks.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The BNSF Railway runs track in several directions in and around the city. Amtrak passenger service on the "Empire Builder" line heads westbound daily at and eastbound daily at . The "Empire Builder" stops at the Grand Forks Amtrak station.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks International Airport (GFK, KGFK) is served by Delta Air Lines with several daily round trips to Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and by Allegiant Air, which operates flights a few times a week to Mesa, Arizona (Phoenix-Gateway), Sanford, Florida (Orlando-Sanford), and Las Vegas, Nevada. A passenger terminal completed in 2011 allows more passengers to come through the airport, improves circulation, has a baggage claim and addresses security and safety concerns. The airport was a major distribution center for FedEx, which conducts flights daily within the state and northern Minnesota, until FedEx moved its flight operations to Fargo in 2016. The airport is one of the busiest in the country, due in large measure to the presence of UND's John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Within the city, roads that run north to south are generally called "streets" and roads that run east to west are generally called "avenues". Streets are numbered in blocks west of the Red River. Avenues are numbered in blocks north or south of DeMers Avenue, the city's historic dividing route next to the railyards.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Three federal highways pass through Grand Forks: U.S. Route 2, Interstate 29, and U.S. Highway 81. U.S. Highway 2, known as Gateway Drive in the city, runs east to west through the northern part of town and is a four-lane highway. The highway is the primary connection between Grand Forks, East Grand Forks, the Grand Forks Air Force Base, Grand Forks International Airport, and Crookston, Minnesota. Interstate 29 runs north to south along the western part of the city, officially multiplexed with U.S. Highway 81 in the Grand Forks area. The U.S. Highway 81 business route, Washington Street and 32nd Avenue, runs through many of the city's major commercial districts.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: With over 4,100 employees and nearly 300 physicians and advanced practice providers (nurse practitioners and physician assistants), Altru Health System is the main provider of health care in Greater Grand Forks and the surrounding region. Serving more than 220,000 residents in northeast North Dakota and northwest Minnesota, Altru provides an array of services. As the first member of the Mayo Clinic Care Network, Altru's providers have access to clinically integrated tools extending Mayo Clinic's knowledge and expertise to patients. Altru is also Grand Forks's largest private employer. Offering all private patient rooms, Altru's Columbia Road Campus includes Altru Hospital (257 beds), Altru Rehabilitation Center (20 beds) and multiple clinics. Altru's South Washington Medical Park features Altru Specialty Center (45 beds), Altru Professional Center and Yorhom Medical Essentials.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: The Sanny and Jerry Ryan Center for Prevention and Genetics, housed in Choice Health & Fitness, encourages people to consider preventive measures before it becomes medically necessary to seek care. It is the first of its kind in the region. Truyu Aesthetic Center, with locations in Grand Forks, East Grand Forks and across the region, offers surgical and non-surgical procedures, services and products under Altru's support. Altru is the result of a 1997 merger of United Hospital (formerly Deaconess and St. Michael's Hospitals) and the Grand Forks Clinic.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks is also home to several long-term care facilities, serving many of the area's elderly: The Valley Memorial Homes, St. Anne's, Edgewood Parkwood Place, and Maple View Memory Care.


title: Grand Forks, North Dakota

text: Grand Forks has an active sister city program designed to encourage cultural and economic exchanges. Its first sister city was Ishim in the Soviet Union. That relationship formally began in 1984 during the Cold War. Sometime in the late 1990s, political and economic turmoil in Russia ended the relationship. While the relationship with Ishim faded, Grand Forks found a new sister in Awano, Japan. An informal relationship began in 1994 when the school districts of both cities began exchanging students. In 1998, the two formally proclaimed themselves sister cities. The best publicly available testament to the relationship between the two is a Japanese rock garden in Grand Forks's Sertoma Park and a sculpture of an American bison in an Awano park. The annexation of Awano by the larger city of Kanuma led to the end of the sister city relationship, but Kanuma and Grand Forks continue to partner in a yearly educational exchange of high school students. Grand Forks's relationship with Dickinson, North Dakota, began in 2002, when delegations from each city visited the other. Grand Forks Mayor Michael Brown said he thought having friends in western North Dakota, which typically has diverging interests from eastern cities, could help at the state legislature. Sarpsborg, Norway, became a sister city in 2005 after several exchanges among leaders from both cities. The city became interested in building a relationship with Sarpsborg because many Grand Forks residents have Norwegian heritage.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: David Fitzgerald Doyle (December 1, 1929 – February 26, 1997) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of John Bosley on the 1970s TV series "Charlie's Angels". Doyle and Jaclyn Smith were the only actors to appear in every episode of the show.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Mary Ruth (née Fitzgerald) and Lewis Raymond Doyle, an attorney. He graduated from Campion High School in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin in 1947.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: His maternal grandfather, John Fitzgerald, was a prominent railroad builder and banker in Nebraska. His younger sister, Mary (1931–1995), was a stage actress, who died from lung cancer aged 63.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle is best remembered for his role as detective John Bosley on the television series "Charlie's Angels", one of only two actors (the other being original angel Jaclyn Smith) to appear in all 110 episodes of the series (1976–1981).


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle made a number of appearances as a guest on the game show "Match Game" from 1977 to 1982. He appeared on one week of "Password Plus" in 1980, three weeks of "Super Password", and on "Tattletales" with his wife Anne in 1982.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: He voiced Grandpa Lou Pickles on the Nickelodeon animated series "Rugrats" from 1991 until his death, after which he was replaced by Joe Alaskey.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle was also a stage actor. He played Orgon in the 1964 premiere of Richard Wilbur's translation of "Tartuffe" at the Fred Miller Theater in Milwaukee. His sister Mary played the maid, Dorine, in the same production. His New York stage credits include "Beg, Borrow or Steal", "Something About a Soldier", "Here's Love", "I Was Dancing", and a revival of "South Pacific".


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle was married twice. In 1956 he married his first wife, Rachael, with whom he had a daughter, Leah (born 1961). Rachael died in 1968 after falling from a staircase. The next year, while in a revival of the play South Pacific, Doyle met Anne Nathan, a singer-dancer, and they married a short time later.


title: David Doyle (actor)

text: Doyle died in Los Angeles, California, of a heart attack on February 26, 1997, at age 67, and was cremated.


title: Tay Keith

text: Brytavious Lakeith Chambers (born September 20, 1996), known professionally as Tay Keith, is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known for co-producing Travis Scott's 2018 single "Sicko Mode", peaking at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, BlocBoy JB's "Look Alive", peaking at number 5 on the Hot 100, and Drake's "Nonstop", peaking at number two. He is signed to publishing deal with Warner Chappell Music and is a BMI member.


title: Tay Keith

text: On December 15, 2018, Tay Keith earned his bachelor's degree from Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.


title: Tay Keith

text: Brytavious Lakeith Chambers was born on September 20, 1996, in South Memphis, Tennessee, where he was also raised. He grew up with his mom and dad knowing that music was going to be his strong point. Keith is the youngest family member out of his two brothers and two sisters.


title: Tay Keith

text: When he was around fourteen, he began to make music and publish it to YouTube and DatPiff. He also had a piano which he used to make songs and remake popular songs. One of the songs he managed to remake was Lil Wayne's "Lollipop".


title: Tay Keith

text: Keith met fellow American rapper BlocBoy JB when he was fourteen, after he moved to Raleigh in North Memphis. The two began making music together shortly afterward.


title: Tay Keith

text: In 2015, Keith began working with rapper Blac Youngsta on his mixtape, "Fuck Everybody", for which he produced the single "Lil Bitch".


title: Tay Keith

text: Keith gained mainstream success in 2018 through producing BlocBoy JB's "Rover" (later remixed to "Rover 2.0" featuring 21 Savage), "Shoot" and "Look Alive" featuring Drake, Drake's "Nonstop", Travis Scott's "Sicko Mode", Eminem's "Not Alike" featuring Royce da 5'9, and Lil Baby and Gunna's "Never Recover" featuring Drake.


title: Tay Keith

text: On April 17, 2019, Beyoncé released her album "", which is the live recording from her Coachella performance. It also included a bonus track "Before I Let Go", produced by Keith.


title: Tay Keith

text: On March 5, 2020, Aitch released "Rain", a single featuring AJ Tracey; the song was produced by Keith.


title: Tay Keith

text: In February 2021, Keith partnered with American fast food restaurant chain McDonald's to promote its new menu item, the Crispy Chicken sandwich. Included with the sandwich was a phonograph record of an unreleased track produced by Keith and a hoodie.


title: Tay Keith

text: In December 2018, Keith graduated from Middle Tennessee State University, receiving a degree in media management.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: Lance Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow was the only child of Danish nobleman Count Kurt Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow and American socialite Barbara Hutton. Hutton had inherited the Woolworth department store fortune and was then one of the wealthiest women in the world. Reventlow was born at Winfield House in London, restored by his mother and named for her grandfather Frank Winfield Woolworth. Reventlow's birth was difficult and his mother almost died during his delivery. As a child, he struggled with respiratory problems and was asthmatic.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: Reventlow's parents' marriage, Hutton's second of seven, was tumultuous and did not last; after the couple divorced in 1938, Reventlow became the subject of a bitter custody battle. In 1944, Reventlow's father was awarded custody until he reached school age, after which his mother would gain custody. Before his father was to relinquish custody, he sent Reventlow to Canada. Hutton regained custody of Reventlow in 1945. Reventlow was largely estranged from his father until the Count's death in 1969.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: In 1948, at age 12, Reventlow was introduced to the world of Grand Prix motor racing when his mother married Prince Igor Troubetzkoy, who won the Targa Florio that year. In his teenage years, Reventlow's money afforded him the latest in exotic cars, which led to his involvement in motor racing.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: In Hollywood, Reventlow became friends with fellow auto enthusiast James Dean and competed in club events around California. On September 30, 1955, he was one of the last people to speak to Dean when they met on their way to an auto race in Salinas, California. Reventlow said he had coffee with Dean at a restaurant approximately thirty minutes before Dean was killed in an automobile accident near Cholame, California while driving his Porsche 550 Spyder.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: Reventlow began his racing career in America in the mid-1950s, initially with a Mercedes before moving to an 1100cc Cooper in 1956. The next year he went to Europe to buy a Maserati, which he crashed heavily at Snetterton, escaping unhurt. He also briefly drove a Cooper Formula 2 car, before returning to the United States. He then set up his own company in Venice, California, to construct Chevrolet-powered race cars he named Scarab with Phil Remington as chief engineer. Along with hired driver Chuck Daigh, the two were initially successful in racing. They won the majority of major sportscar events they entered, often in competition with the Cunningham team of Lister Jaguars. Reventlow had looked at buying a Lister Jaguar, but thought that he could build a better car. Daigh drove a Scarab to victory in the 1958 Riverside International Grand Prix in California, beating a field of international race car teams, including the world-famous race car driver Phil Hill and the Ferrari Team. Carroll Shelby drove a Scarab to first place at Continental Divide Raceways in Castle Rock in Douglas County, Colorado, where he broke a course record.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: His racing team was much talked about for having built the first Formula One race car in America. Shifting operations overseas to Britain, Reventlow's team had little success racing the Scarab cars in Formula One against the new rear-engine race cars. He went back to the drawing board and built a competitive prototype Scarab rear-engined car, but had become less interested in racing before its testing was complete. In 1962, he shut down the operation, leased the California facilities to Shelby, and quit auto racing altogether.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: Reventlow's organization constructed a total of eight Scarabs during its existence. In a 1971 interview, Reventlow confirmed that three front-engined Chevy-powered sports cars, three front-engined formula cars, one rear-engined formula car and one rear-engined sports car were built. Two of the front-engined formula cars were powered by Reventlow-commissioned engines drawn up by American racing engine designer Leo Goossen to Reventlow's specifications, while the third car was powered by a Goossen-designed and engineered Offenhauser engine. The rear-engined formula was powered by a modified Buick powerplant; this engine and the suspension/brake package were taken from this car and used on the rear-engined sports car, the last Scarab built.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: At the age of 21, Reventlow was given the choice between becoming an American, Danish or British citizen. He chose American citizenship, saying, "I thought it over for a full 20 seconds."


title: Lance Reventlow

text: On March 24, 1960, Reventlow married actress Jill St. John in San Francisco. They separated in October 1962. St. John filed for divorce on October 2, 1963, citing extreme cruelty; she stated that Reventlow called her "stupid and incompetent" in front of others and bullied her into taking part in dangerous sports. Their divorce was granted on October 30, 1963.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: On November 6, 1964, Reventlow married ex-Mouseketeer Cheryl Holdridge in a lavish ceremony in Hollywood before 600 guests. Reventlow's mother, Barbara Hutton, could not attend the wedding because of illness but gave the couple a $500,000, five-bedroom home set on 21 acres in Benedict Canyon.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: In 1972, Reventlow was seeking real-estate developers as partners to build a ski resort in Aspen, Colorado, where he had a home. He was an experienced pilot, with thousands of hours, rated fully for IFR on multi-engine planes, but on July 24, 1972, Reventlow was a passenger, scouting locations for real estate in a hired single-engine Cessna 206. The pilot was an inexperienced 27-year-old student with only 39 hours' flying time who flew into a blind canyon and stalled the aircraft while trying to turn around. The plane plunged to the ground, killing all aboard.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: Reventlow was initially buried, but his remains were later exhumed and cremated. His ashes are interred in the Woolworth mausoleum at the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx.


title: Lance Reventlow

text: † At the 1960 British Grand Prix, Reventlow drove the Cooper in practice only. The car was driven in the race by Chuck Daigh.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Armour Square neighborhood on the near-southwest side of the city. The stadium served as the home of the Chicago White Sox of the American League from 1910 through 1990. Built by White Sox owner Charles Comiskey and designed by Zachary Taylor Davis, Comiskey Park hosted four World Series and more than 6,000 Major League Baseball games. Also, in one of the most famous boxing matches in history, the field was the site of the 1937 heavyweight title match in which Joe Louis defeated then champion James J. Braddock in eight rounds that launched Louis' unprecedented 11-plus year run as the heavyweight champion of the world.


title: Comiskey Park

text: The Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League also called Comiskey Park home when they were not playing at Normal Park, Soldier Field or Wrigley Field. They won the 1947 NFL Championship Game over the Philadelphia Eagles at Comiskey Park. Much less popular than the Bears, the Cardinals had their last season at Comiskey in 1958, and they left for St. Louis in March 1960. The Chicago American Giants of the Negro American League called Comiskey Park home from 1941 to 1950. The park was also home to Chicago Mustangs and Chicago Sting of the NASL, playing host to the final edition of the original Soccer Bowl.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Adjacent to the south (across 35th Street), a new ballpark opened in 1991, and Comiskey Park was demolished the same year. Originally also called Comiskey Park, it was renamed U.S. Cellular Field in 2003 and Guaranteed Rate Field in 2016.


title: Comiskey Park

text: The park was built on a former city dump that Comiskey bought in 1909 to replace the wooden South Side Park. Originally White Sox Park, within three years it was renamed for White Sox founder and owner Charles Comiskey. The original name was restored in 1962, then it changed back to Comiskey Park in 1976.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Comiskey Park was very modern for its time. It was the third concrete-and-steel stadium in the major leagues to be built since 1909. As originally built, it seated almost 32,000, a record at the time. Briefly, it retained the nickname "The Baseball Palace of the World."


title: Comiskey Park

text: The park's design was strongly influenced by Sox pitcher Ed Walsh, and was known for its pitcher-friendly proportions ( to the foul poles; to center field). Later changes were made, but the park remained more or less favorable to defensive teams. For many years this reflected on the White Sox style of play: solid defense, and short, quick hits. The park was unusual in that no player hit 100 home runs there: Carlton Fisk set the record with 94.


title: Comiskey Park

text: The first game in Comiskey Park was a 2–0 loss to the St. Louis Browns on July 1, 1910. The first no-hitter at Comiskey Park was in 1911, hurled by Ed Walsh on August 27, a 5–0 win over Boston. The Sox won their first home night game, over St. Louis on August 14, 1939, 5–2.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Comiskey Park was the site of four World Series. In 1917, the Chicago White Sox won Games 1, 2 and 5 at Comiskey Park and went on to defeat the New York Giants four games to two. In 1918, Comiskey Park hosted the World Series between the Chicago Cubs and Boston Red Sox. The Cubs borrowed Comiskey Park for the series because of its larger seating capacity. The Red Sox defeated the Cubs four games to two. Games 1–3 were played at Comiskey Park. The Red Sox won games one and three. Attendance was under capacity in that war year. The best crowd was Game 3, with some 27,000 patrons.


title: Comiskey Park

text: In 1919, the White Sox lost the infamous "Black Sox" World Series to the Cincinnati Reds, five games to three in a nine-game series. Games three, four, five and eight were played at Comiskey Park. The White Sox won game three and lost games four, five and eight.


title: Comiskey Park

text: In 1959, the White Sox lost four games to two to the Los Angeles Dodgers. Games one, two and six were played at Comiskey Park. The White Sox won game one and lost games two and six. With their win in Game 6 at Comiskey Park, the Los Angeles Dodgers became the first West Coast team to win a World Series.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Comiskey saw its last post-season action in 1983, when the White Sox lost the American League Championship Series to the Baltimore Orioles 3–1, with Games 3 and 4 in Chicago. Baltimore went on to win the World Series.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Comiskey Park was the site of three Major League Baseball All-Star Games, and each marked a turn in the direction of dominance by one league or the other:


title: Comiskey Park

text: From 1971 until its demolition in 1991, Comiskey was the oldest park still in use in Major League Baseball (it had already been the oldest in the American League since 1955). Many of its known characteristics, such as the pinwheels on the "exploding" scoreboard, were installed by Bill Veeck (owner of the White Sox from 1959 to 1961, and again from 1976 to 1981). Another Veeck innovation was the "picnic area", created by replacing portions of the left field walls (the side of the field not facing the setting sun) with screens and setting up picnic tables under the seating areas. This concept was later extended to right field. During Veeck's second ownership, he installed a shower behind the speaker horns in the center field bleachers, for fans to cool off on hot summer days.


title: Comiskey Park

text: From 1960 to 1990, Sox fans were also entertained by Andy the Clown, famous for his famous Jerry Colonna-like elongated cry, "Come ooooooooooon, go! White! Sox!"


title: Comiskey Park

text: Starting in the 1970s, Sox fans were further entertained by organist Nancy Faust who picked up on spontaneous chants of fans who were singing tunes like, "We will, we will, SOX YOU!" and popularized the now-ubiquitous farewell to departing pitchers and ejected managers, "Na-na-na-na, na-na-na-na, hey-hey, GOOD-BYE!"


title: Comiskey Park

text: Before he became an institution on the north side with the Cubs, Sox broadcaster Harry Caray was a south side icon. At some point he started "conducting" Take Me Out to the Ball Game during the seventh-inning stretch, egged on by Veeck, who (according to Harry himself) said that the fans would sing along when they realized that none of them sang any worse than Harry did. Harry would sometimes broadcast from the center field bleachers, where he could hobnob with fans and get a suntan (or a burn).


title: Comiskey Park

text: The largest crowd at Old Comiskey Park was in 1973 with a crowd of 55,555 (which was 11,063 over capacity) on May 20 for a doubleheader against the Minnesota Twins, which also had the promotion of "Bat Day". By contrast, just over two years earlier, the smallest attendance at the park was recorded, with 511 spectators attending a game against the Boston Red Sox on Thursday, May 6, 1971.


title: Comiskey Park

text: A major and oft-mentioned promotional event held at Old Comiskey was "Disco Demolition Night" in 1979, organized by longtime Chicago radio personality Steve Dahl and White Sox promotions manager Mike Veeck (Bill's son) on Thursday, July 12. Between games of a make-up doubleheader between the White Sox and the Detroit Tigers, Dahl and his crew destroyed a pile of disco records that fans had brought in exchange for a ticket with a discounted price of 98¢ in honor of Dahl's station at that time, WLUP-FM, the frequency of which was 97.9 MHz (98 FM). More than 50,000 fans were in attendance, along with another 20,000 who crashed the gates even though the game was sold out. The demolition tore a huge hole in center field and several thousand fans, many of them intoxicated, stormed the field, stole equipment, and destroyed the infield. The nightcap was postponed, but league officials ruled it a forfeit the next day, the fourth in American League history, all in the 1970s. Later, some blamed Dahl; some blamed Veeck. Howard Cosell even blamed then-White Sox announcer Harry Caray, saying Caray contributed to a "carnival" atmosphere. In reality, a handful of rowdies had taken advantage of a situation for which stadium security was woefully unprepared. "I never thought that I, a stupid disc jockey, could draw 70,000 people to a disco demolition," Dahl said in a Tribune interview. "Unfortunately, some of our followers got a little carried away." That was the last anti-disco rally for WLUP. But it brought Dahl national attention and established him as a radio superstar in Chicago.


title: Comiskey Park

text: When Bill Veeck re-acquired the team, he took out the center field fence, reverting to the original distance to the wall (posted as 440 in the 1940s, re-measured as 445 in the 1970s) ... a tough target, but reachable by sluggers like Oscar Gamble and Richie Zisk and other members of a team that was tagged "The South Side Hit Men". They were long removed from their days as "The Hitless Wonders". During that time the ballpark also featured a lounge where one could buy mixed drinks. This prompted some writers to dub Comiskey "Chicago's Largest Outdoor Saloon".


title: Comiskey Park

text: In 1969, AstroTurf was installed in the infield and the adjacent foul territory, with the outfield and adjoining foul territory remaining as natural grass. It was the first outdoor field in the major leagues to install artificial turf. After seven seasons, the artificial turf was removed prior to the 1976 season.


title: Comiskey Park

text: During its last eight years, Comiskey's annual attendance surpassed the two million mark three times, including the final season when the Sox contended for much of the year before losing the western division title to the Oakland Athletics.


title: Comiskey Park

text: White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf received more than $200 million in public financing for the new stadium after threatening to move the club to St. Petersburg, Florida (a similar threat was later used by the San Francisco Giants until they broke ground on what would be their current ballpark in late 1997). An interesting phenomenon occurred in the Illinois state legislature, in that the Speaker (Michael Madigan) stopped the clock on the evening of June 30, 1988 so that the legislature could report that the money had been granted on June 30, and not July 1. The stadium now called Tropicana Field was constructed by officials in St. Petersburg in an effort to lure a Major League Baseball club to Florida (which arrived in 1998 in the form of the expansion Devil Rays), but Miami beat the Tampa Bay area to the punch when it launched the expansion Florida Marlins in 1993. The deal was sealed in a last-minute legislative maneuver by then-governor James R. Thompson.


title: Comiskey Park

text: On September 30, 1990, with 42,849 in paid attendance, the Chicago White Sox played the last game at Comiskey Park, defeating the Seattle Mariners 2–1 . Mayor Richard M. Daley (a lifelong White Sox fan) threw out the opening pitch, legendary Sox player Minnie Miñoso delivered the lineup card to the umpires, and well-known ball-park organist Nancy Faust played for the crowd during the final game. Also, former White Sox Vice President Charles Comiskey, grandson of the man for whom the park was named, was on hand. The final play occurred when White Sox closer Bobby Thigpen forced Mariners' second baseman Harold Reynolds to hit a grounder to second baseman Scott Fletcher, who in return threw it to first baseman Steve Lyons for the force-out. The crowd then joined the organist by singing a final rendition of their unofficial victory song "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye."


title: Comiskey Park

text: Comiskey Park was demolished in 1991; starting from behind the right field corner, the process took all summer to complete. The last portion to come down was the center field bleachers and the "exploding" scoreboard. The site of the old park was turned into a parking lot to serve those attending games at the new Comiskey Park (later renamed "U.S. Cellular Field", now Guaranteed Rate Field).


title: Comiskey Park

text: Bill Veeck once remarked that "There is no more beautiful sight in the world than a ballpark full of people!" On its best days, Comiskey was stuffed to the gills, with 55,000 people or more lining the aisles and even standing for 9 (or 18) innings on the sloping ramps that criss-crossed behind the scoreboard. The nearly-fully enclosed stands had a way of capturing and reverberating the noise without any artificial enhancement. As a Chicago sportswriter once remarked, "Wrigley Field "yayed" and Comiskey Park "roared"."


title: Comiskey Park

text: 'Old' Comiskey's home plate is a marble plaque on the sidewalk next to Guaranteed Rate Field, and the field is a parking lot. Foul lines are painted on the lot. Also, the spectator ramp across 35th Street is designed in such a way (partly curved, partly straight but angling east-northeast) that it echoes the outline of part of the old grandstand.


title: Comiskey Park

text: Shortly before the park's demolition, the ballpark was featured in the movie "Only the Lonely". John Candy's character (on a first date) arranged to have a private picnic on the stadium grass under the lights with his date (Ally Sheedy). Candy made a reference of the stadium's impending demolition during the date.


title: Comiskey Park

text: When the Sox won the 2005 World Series, their victory parade began at U.S. Cellular Field, and then circled the block where old Comiskey had stood, before heading on a route through various south side neighborhoods and toward downtown Chicago.


title: Comiskey Park

text: On May 6, 1964, White Sox outfielder Dave Nicholson hit a home run that either bounced atop the left-field roof or entirely cleared it. The home run was officially measured at 573 feet, and is one of baseball's all-time longest.


title: Truth or dare?

text: Truth or dare? is a mostly verbal party game requiring two or more players. Players are given the choice between answering a question truthfully, or performing a dare. The game is particularly popular among adolescents and children, and is sometimes used as a forfeit when gambling.


title: Truth or dare?

text: The game has existed for hundreds of years, with at least one variant, "questions and commands", being attested as early as 1712:


title: Truth or dare?

text: Truth or dare may ultimately derive from command games such as the ancient Greek basilinda (in Greek: Βασιλινδα). This game is described by Julius Pollux: "in which we are told a king, elected by lot, commanded his comrades what they should perform".


title: Susur Lee

text: Susur was born in Hong Kong, the youngest of six children. He served his culinary apprenticeship at Hong Kong's renowned Peninsula Hotel. He immigrated to Canada in 1978 and met and married his first wife, Marilou Covey, the same year. In 1983, Susur and Marilou had decided to move to Hong Kong, but Marilou died as a passenger aboard Korean Air Lines Flight 007 that was destroyed by a Soviet jet fighter. Susur married Brenda Bent in 1991, with whom he has three children: Kai, Levi, and Jet.


title: Susur Lee

text: Susur worked his way to executive chef status at a number of restaurants and eventually became an entrepreneur. His eclectic culinary style is described as fusion cuisine. He is especially well known for "Singapore Slaw", his take on a Lo Hei salad, which is traditionally eaten during the Chinese New Year.


title: Susur Lee

text: Susur was a finalist in the second season of the Bravo TV show "", finishing in a tie for second behind winner Marcus Samuelsson. He has made guest appearances on numerous television cooking shows, and was the second Canadian chef (after Rob Feenie) to appear on the Food Network's "Iron Chef America".


title: Susur Lee

text: Susur's career includes being a chef at numerous Toronto dining establishments, judging culinary events, appearing on many food and wine television shows and owning/managing popular restaurants in Canada, United States and Singapore. Lotus, his first restaurant, opened in Toronto in 1987. He currently owns and manages Susur Lee Restaurant Group.


title: Susur Lee

text: Susur's awards include the prestigious CAA Five Diamond Award, Cannes, France; the American Academy of Hospitality Services' 5 Diamond Award (selected as one of the "World's Best Chefs") and being named one of the "Ten Chefs of the Millennium" by "Food & Wine". In 2017 he was given "Canada's Best 100 Lifetime Achievement Award". In 2015, Susur was one of the recipients of the 2015 Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards presented by Canadian Immigrant Magazine.


title: Susur Lee

text: In 2007, the Ontario Ministry of Labour investigated six claims of unpaid wages from former employees at Lee's Susur restaurant on King Street West in Toronto that also included complaints of excessive work hours, failure to provide employees with due time off, and various other employment standards and human rights violations.


title: Susur Lee

text: In April 2017, Fring's Restaurant in Toronto, co-owned by Lee and rapper Drake, had its liquor license suspended for a week by the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario. The establishment was cited for numerous Liquor Control and Fire Protection and Prevention violations, including overcrowding, promoting "immoderate consumption", and failing to post its license.


title: Susur Lee

text: In August 2017, prior occurrences of employees at Lee's Toronto restaurants — Lee, Fring's, and Bent — having their tips docked to pay for spilled drinks, errors, and unpaid guest checks, an illegal business practice in Ontario, were revealed via screenshots on a pseudonymous Twitter account known for calling out personalities in the Toronto food scene. As a result, representatives for the chef have announced the policy is no longer in effect. Still, a petition was launched demanding the chef and his restaurants reinstate the money that was withheld. After more than 7,000 customers petitioned Lee, he and his sons, Kai Bent-Lee and Levi Bent-Lee, who help to manage the family business, announced that they would refund all retained gratuities to current and past staff.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The Sun Temple of Modhera is a Hindu temple dedicated to the solar deity Surya located at Modhera village of Mehsana district, Gujarat, India. It is situated on the bank of the river Pushpavati. It was built after 1026-27 CE during the reign of Bhima I of the Chaulukya dynasty. No worship is offered now and is protected monument maintained by Archaeological Survey of India. The temple complex has three components: "Gūḍhamanḍapa", the shrine hall; "Sabhamanḍapa", the assembly hall and "Kunḍa", the reservoir. The halls have intricately carved exterior and pillars. The reservoir has steps to reach the bottom and numerous small shrines.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The shrine proper of the Sun Temple was built during the reign of Bhima I of Chaulukya dynasty. Earlier, during 1024–1025, Mahmud of Ghazni had invaded Bhima's kingdom, and a force of around 20,000 soldiers had unsuccessfully tried to check his advance at Modhera. Historian A. K. Majumdar theorizes that the Sun Temple might have been built to commemorate this defense. On a block in western wall of cella, there is an inscription "Vikram Samvat 1083" upside down carelessly incised in Devnagari script which correspond to 1026-1027 CE. No other date is found. As the inscription is upside down, it evidences the destruction and reconstruction of the cella. Due to the position of the inscription, it is not firmly considered as the date of construction. On the stylistic ground, it is known that the "Kunda" with its corner shrines was built earlier at the beginning of the 11th century. The inscription is rather considered as the date of destruction by Ghazni instead of the construction. Soon after Bhima had returned to the power. So the temple proper, the miniature and the niche shrines in the tank were built shortly after 1026 CE. The dancing hall was added much later in the third quarter of the 12th century along with the gateways, the porch of the temple proper and the doorframes of the temple and the cella during the reign of the Karna.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The temple is built on 23.6° latitude (approximately near Tropic of Cancer). The place was later known as "Sita ni Chauri" and "Ramkund" locally. No worship is offered here now. The temple is the Monument of National Importance and is maintained by the Archeological Survey of India.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The temple complex is built in Māru-Gurjara style (Chaulukya style). The temple complex has three axially aligned components; the shrine proper ("garbhagriha") in a hall ("gudhamandapa"), the outer or assembly hall ("sabhamandapa" or "rangamandapa") and a sacred reservoir ("kunda").


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The "Sabhamandapa" is not in continuation with "Gudhamandapa" but is placed little away as a separate structure. Both are built on a paved platform. Their roofs have collapsed long ago leaving behind a few lower-most courses. Both roofs are 15' 9" in diameter but are constructed differently. The platform or plinth is inverted lotus-shaped.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The "Gudhamandapa" measures 51 feet 9 inches by 25 feet 8 inches. It is almost equally divided into "Gudhamandapa", the hall and "Garbhgriha", the shrine proper. Both are rectangular in plan with one projection on each of the smaller sides and two projections on each of the longer sides. These projections on the smaller sides form the entrance and the back of the shrine. The three projections of the outer wall of "Gudhamandapa" had windows on each side and the east projection had the doorway. These windows had perforated stone screens; the northern is in ruins and the southern is missing. "Pradakshinamarga" is formed by the passage between the walls of "Garbhgriha" and the outer walls of "Gudhamandapa". The roof of passage has stones slabs carved with rosettes. The "Shikhara" of it no longer exists.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The shrine had two cells; a cell below the level of the upper cell. The floor of the upper cell is now fallen which once housed the image of a deity. The seat of the image is now in a pit. The lower cell was probably used for storage.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The walls inside the shrine are plain and the outer wall is decorated. The doorway has carved figures of seated Surya in panels surrounded by dancers and amorous couples. All figures are mutilated and the images on the door-lintel are completely destroyed.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The sanctum sanctorum is designed in a way that the first rays of rising sun lit up the image of Surya during solar equinox days and on summer solstice day, the sun shines directly above the temple at noon casting no shadow.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: "Mandovara", the wall moldings start with "kumbha", a pitcher. It has a broad undecorated band at the lower part while the middle part is decorated with oval discs. It is followed by "kalasha", a pitcher. The next is a broad band with "chaitya"-windows called "kevala" followed by similar called "manchi". These two bands are separated by a deep band. There is a thin fillet above which the major paneled face of the wall called "jangha" exist. These panels are decorated with figures of gods but the figures of Surya are placed prominently than others as the temple is dedicated to him. Other panels are decorated with dancers and other figures.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The "Mandapa", a hall was roofed by a dome which probably rose in a concentric manner. It is supported by eight principal pillars below arranged in an octagon, four pillars in front of shrine proper and two each in the recesses of windows and door.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: "Sabhamandapa" or "Rangamandapa", the assembly hall or dancing hall is parallelogram in plan with rows of pillars opening entrance on each side diagonally. The extensively carved exterior has a series of recessed corners giving an impression of the star-like plan of it. There are 52 intricately carved pillars. Madhusudan Dhaky has suggested that the "sabhamandapa" may have been later addition based on style and construction.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The "pitha" is almost similar to the "Gudhamandapa" but smaller as two courses of fillets are omitted. The "padma" is carved richly here with floral ornamentation.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: Above the "Narathara", there is a band with figures of dancers and gods known as "rajasena". The next is "vedi" which correspond to "jangha" of "mandovara" decorated with large panels of gods, goddesses, and floral designs. The next is cornice called "asinot". It followed by "kakshasana" which slopes outwards and forms the back-rests of the bench, "asana" which runs around the hall. There are erotic figures on it interrupted by rail-patterns.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The roof was in shape of the stepped pyramid but it no longer exists. Inside, the walnut-shaped ceiling rises in tiers which has numerous floral girdles. It is 23 feet high. It is supported by pillars arranged in an octagon. These pillars have stilts that support the lintels. "Torana" or the decorated cusped arches arise from the lower brackets of the pillars and touch the lintels in middle. There are two types; semicircular and triangular. The semicircular arches have cusped arches with tips while triangular arches have a round apex and wavy sides. Both types have a broad band decorated with figures and tips which are now defaced and damaged. The lower brackets has "Makara" which gives the name of "Makara-Torana" while decoration gives name of "chitra-torana".


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The pillars of "Sabhamandapa" and "Gudhamandapa" are of two types; short and tall. The short pillars rest on the walls and support the roof. The tall pillars rise from the floor.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The shaft is square in shape to half of its height followed by the vase and then followed by an octagonal shaft. It is surmounted by a capital and a bracket. The square part has a floral design in a circle on each side of the face. The vase is decorated similarly on its corners. The octagonal part has four bands; the topmost has "kirtimukha". The capital has three annulets.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: They arise from square or octagonal base, "kumbhi", with triangular ornamentation on each face. Above it is "kalasha". It is followed by a deep band and the next is "kevala" decorated with "chaitya"-windows. the next is "kirtimukha". The next is triangular pediment with "chaitya"-windows.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The next is the beginning of the shaft. It is first decorated with standing figures, mostly dancers, on all eight faces enclosed in ringed pilasters. The next band with scenes of men and beasts is separated from it by the round pillow-like band. It is followed by a still smaller band with sixteen standing human figures separated by small annulet below. The next is a band of leaves. Then the shaft becomes circular and had three or four bands having a row of male warriors, lozenges, circles and "kirtimukha" at last. The "kirtimukha"s are separated by chain and bell ornamentation.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: It follows capital similar to small pillars crowned with "makara" brackets if eight stilted pillar and dwarfs in the rests. the eight stilted pillars have one more shaft and similar type of capital which is crowned with brackets of volutes and pendant leaves.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The panels on the "Gudhamandapa" is decorated with Surya centrally which indicates that the temple is dedicated to Surya. These images wears peculiar West Asian (Persian) boots and belt. The other corners and niches are decorated with figures of Shiva and Vishnu in various forms, Brahma, Nāga and goddesses. The depicted scenes on small flat ceilings and lintels of "sabhamandapa" are from epics like Ramayana.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: There was a "kirti-torana", the triumphant arch, in front of "sabhamandapa". The pediment and "torana" no longer exists but two pillars remains. The moulding and decoration is similar to that of walls of "sabhamandapa" and pillars. There were two more "kirti-torana" on each side of the "kunda" of which only one exists without upper part.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: "Kunda", a tank or reservoir is known as "Ramakunda" or "Suryakunda". The flight of steps through "kirti-torana" leads to the reservoir. It is rectangular. It measures 176 feet from north to south and 120 feet from east to west. It is paved with stones all around. There are four terraces and recessed steps to descend to reach the bottom of the tank. The main entrance lies on west. There are steps to reach from one terrace to another on right angle to terrace. These steps are rectangular or square except the first step of each flight of steps which is semicircular. Several miniature shrines and niches in front of terrace-wall have images of gods including many Vaishnavite deities and goddesses such as Shitala.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The stepwell on the west of "Kunda" has one entrance and two pavilion-towers. It is moderately ornamented. The door-frame has lotus and leaves and the "ruchaka" type pilasters indicate it belongs to 11th century. The small "mandapa" above the ground level and located on the second "kuta" of stepwell may belong to tenth century.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: The Tourism Corporation of Gujarat organises an annual three-day dance festival known as 'Uttarardha Mahotsav' at the temple during the third week of January, following the festival of Uttarayan. The objective is to present classical dance forms in an atmosphere similar to that in which they were originally presented.


title: Sun Temple, Modhera

text: Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poetical illustration "Hindoo and Mahommedan Buildings" refers to a coloured engraving of "a splendid sculptured Portico of a Temple dedicated to Mahadeo, at Moondheyra in Guzerat" and in it she meditates upon the vastness of this structure. The original painting is by David Roberts.


title: FNC Entertainment

text: FNC Entertainment (; stands for "fish and cake") is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2006 by South Korean singer and record producer Han Seong-ho. The label operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. The label previously known as FNC Music, only managed musicians but later changed its name to FNC Entertainment in 2012 and began to broaden their business field of entertainment. It has since January 2012, been based in its own company offices in Cheongdam-dong.


title: FNC Entertainment

text: The name is based on the miracle of feeding the multitude using only five loaves and the two fish. This is because Han Seong-ho is a devout Christian, he uses the name to hope for more miracles happen for the company.


title: FNC Entertainment

text: The label is home to prominent musical artists such as rock bands F.T. Island, CNBLUE and N.Flying, and K-pop groups AOA, SF9, Cherry Bullet (under the sub-label FNC W) and P1Harmony. It also manages a number of entertainers, including Lee Guk-joo and Lee Se-young, and a number of actors, including Jung Hae-in, Lee Dong-gun, Park Gwang-hyun, Sung Hyuk, Kim Won-hee, and Kim Yeon-seo.


title: FNC Entertainment

text: In February 2021, FNC created two new sub-labels. The first label, FNC B, is a joint venture between FNC Entertainment and HOW Entertainment, which focuses on Trot music. The second label, FNC W, specializes on the management of their girl groups.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: The International Ski Federation (FIS) Alpine Ski World Cup was the premier circuit for alpine skiing competition. The inaugural season launched in January 1967, and the season marked the 56th consecutive year for the FIS World Cup.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: This season began in October 2021 in Sölden, Austria, and concluded in mid-March 2022 at the finals in Courchevel/Méribel, France. It was interrupted for most of February by the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China; events were held at Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: Alexis Pinturault and Petra Vlhová were the defending overall champions, but first-time overall winner Marco Odermatt won the 2022 men's championship with three races to go and Mikaela Shiffrin won the 2022 women's championship for her fourth overall title with two races to go.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: For the first time in the history of the World Cup, either for men or for women, Beaver Creek is hosting four speed events four days in a row, with two downhills and two super giant slaloms. Ultimately, though, one of those races was cancelled by bad weather.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: For the first time in almost four years (28 January 2018, Lenzerheide) Mikaela Shiffrin didn't finish her second run (SL in Kranjska Gora). With her 47th slalom victory on 11 January in Schladming, Shiffrin set a new all-time record for victories in any single discipline in the history of the World Cup, surpassing Ingemar Stenmark and his 46 wins in the giant slalom.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: Austrian skier Johannes Strolz became the 300th different race winner in men's World Cup history by taking his first career win (SL) at Adelboden.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: An oddity occurred when Lucas Braathen won the Slalom in Wengen after being in 29th place after the first run.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: Dave Ryding, after winning the Slalom in Kitzbühel, became the first British skier ever to win a World Cup event and at 35 years old, the oldest first-time World Cup winner.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: On 1 March 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIS decided to exclude athletes from Russia and Belarus from FIS competitions, with an immediate effect.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: All 31 locations hosting world cup events for men (19), for women (21) and shared (10) in this season.


title: 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

text: Table showing the World Cup podium places (gold–1st place, silver–2nd place, bronze–3rd place) by the countries represented by the athletes.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Ajnabee () is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language mystery thriller film directed by Abbas–Mustan and produced by Vijay Galani. It stars Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Bipasha Basu, with Johnny Lever, Dalip Tahil, Narendra Bedi and Sharat Saxena in supporting roles. The story involves arround Raj and Priya befriend their new neighbours Vicky and Sonia. One day, Raj wakes up in Vicky's house and finds out that Sonia is killed and he is framed for it. He goes on the run in order to prove himself innocent. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 American thriller "Consenting Adults".


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: The film marked second collaboration between Kumar and Abbas–Mustan after "Khiladi" (1992) as well as the second collaboration between Deol and Abbas–Mustan after "Soldier" (1998). The music was composed by Anu Malik.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: The film was released on 21 September 2001 and received mixed reviews from the critics with praise for the performances of Kumar and Basu but was a moderate success at box office, grossing ₹31 crore against the budget of ₹17 crore. Kumar won Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role while Basu won Best Female Debut.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Raj Malhotra and Priya Malhotra meet by chance and fall in love after a whirlwind romance. They marry and reside in Switzerland, where they meet another Indian couple: Vikram "Vicky" Bajaj and Sonia Bajaj. The couples quickly become friends and decide to go on a Christmas vacation together to Mauritius.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: During their vacation, Raj sees Vikram with another woman, kissing and looking intimate. At the same time, Sonia begins to try to seduce Raj, who rejects her. Vikram notices Raj looking at Sonia and casually talks to him about wife swapping, this upsets Raj and an argument breaks out between the two men. However, a couple of days later, they resolve their issues and become friends again. On Vikram's birthday, the two men celebrate by getting drunk together, sharing bottles of alcohol. Once again, Vikram asks whether he could become Raj for one night and tells Raj to become Vikram, which Raj rebuffs, but still, both men end up in opposite houses.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: The next day Raj wakes up to find a semi-naked woman in bed with him and realizes he is in Vicky's house. After talking to Priya about last night, Raj imagines Vicky successfully convincing Priya to continue the wife swapping overnight and imagines Vicky seducing Priya And Later Priya satisfying Vicky by allowing Vicky to have sexual intercourse over a semi-naked Priya . After some time, Sonia is found dead, and Raj is accused of her murder since his fingerprints are found on the murder weapon – an alcohol bottle. Determined to prove his innocence, Raj manages to escape from the court and is chased by the Swiss police. He meets Priya, who eventually believes his innocence and aids him in finding out what really happened. He decides to search Vikram's house, only to be interrupted by Vikram, who calls the police and then reveals that everything was planned in advance. Raj escapes in Vikram's car with Priya.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Raj finds a boarding pass that belongs to Sonia Bajaj, which states that Sonia arrived in Zürich on 29 December – however, Sonia was supposedly murdered on that night. Raj suspects her to be the woman he saw with Vikram, traveling to Geneva together. In Geneva, Raj meets an insurance officer who is trying to find evidence that Vikram was involved in the death of his wife, in order to receive her life insurance payment of $100 million. Working with the insurance agent, Raj traces Vikram to a cruise ship. There, he sees Vikram dancing with a woman who is revealed to be 'Sonia', alive and well. Raj confronts Vikram, who finally explains the whole devious plan – the woman whom he kissed in Mauritius was his actual wife Sonia Bajaj, while the woman with him that Priya and Raj were introduced to in Switzerland is his girlfriend Neeta. Vikram, a struggling musician, married the wealthy and glamorous Sonia and convinced her to take out an insurance plan of $100 million on herself. He then formulated a plan with Neeta to have Sonia murdered so that they could collect the money.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Vikram boasts about having pinned the murder on Raj. However, Raj takes Vikram to a computer and shows him his empty bank account. Raj says that he had guessed the password, "Everything is planned", something that Vikram used to say a lot, and used it to transfer the money back to the insurance company. Raj also reveals that everything Vikram said had been recorded. A fight erupts between the two and Neeta dies in the conflict. Angered at losing Neeta, Vikram gets aggressive, killing the insurance officer. He chases Priya to kill her, but Raj impales Vikram with an anchor from the cruise ship, killing him. Raj and Priya return to India in the end.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Originally, actress Mahek Chahal was cast in the role of Neeta (Fake Sonia) which eventually was given to Bipasha Basu. The climax of the film was shot in Muscat, Dubai and Bahrain on the Indian-owned cruise liner Ocean Majesty. Initially Shah Rukh Khan was offered the role of Akshay Kumar, but he wasn’t keen on playing a gray character.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: The soundtrack for "Ajnabee" is composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics are penned by Sameer. It is released by Tips Music.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: In 2011, ten years after the release of "Ajnabee", Malik claimed that the song "Character Dheela" from the film "Ready" is an unauthorised copy of the song "Mohabbat Naam Hai" while informing the media that he will likely file a suit against composer, Pritam for plagiarism. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 22,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's sixth highest-selling.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: Taran Adarsh of IndiaFM gave the film 1.5 stars oyut of 5, writing ″On the whole, AJNABEE tackles an audacious theme that the Indian audience will find hard to absorb and identify with. The film, which boasts of impressive names on and off the screen, will attract the audiences for the first few days, but its fall is imminent after the initial euphoria settles. A heavy price tag will also prove a deterrent for its investors.″ Sarita Tanwar of Rediff.com wrote ″It has been shot at exotic locations, but the film has a shoddy feel to it. The camerawork jars; the filmmakers lose control of the script at the climax, when vague scenes are pieced together. The comic relief, spearheaded by Johny Lever, is loud and the insipid humour goes overboard. Sadly, this bold attempt is in vain. Ajnabee could have been the precursor of the new niche thriller. But its makers haven't displayed enough bravado. Watch Ajnabee once. Not for what it is. But for what it could have been.


title: Ajnabee (2001 film)

text: In a retrospective review on film's 20th anniversary, Sampada Sharma of The Indian Express wrote ″Ajnabee’s world has people doing net banking in a way that makes you go ‘What!?’ and characters planning schemes that are half-witted to begin with, yet it makes you stick around for its performative dialogues, over-the-top acting and a plot so dramatic that you continue to watch just to see what bizarre thing will happen next. It’s been 20 years since we saw this beautiful, delicious mess and revisiting it now is still a chuckle-worthy experience.″


title: TimeSplitters

text: TimeSplitters is a series of first-person shooter video games developed by Free Radical Design. The games are often considered spiritual successors to "GoldenEye 007" and "Perfect Dark", due to overlapping elements in gameplay, design, and development team. Each game features a time travelling element in which players battle across a diverse number of locations and periods in history.


title: TimeSplitters

text: The series' three games were released between 2000 and 2005, with the first as an exclusive launch title for the PlayStation 2. Development on a fourth game is being undertaken by a reformed version of Free Radical, owned by Deep Silver, a subsidiary of Embracer Group.


title: TimeSplitters

text: The first game in the series was developed by Free Radical Design and released in October 2000, alongside the launch of the PlayStation 2. The game's story focuses around a temporal war against the TimeSplitters, creatures that use time crystals to travel through time, and by doing so, are disrupting human history. Its levels take place across different time periods between the years 1935 and 2035.


title: TimeSplitters

text: The second game in the series was released in October 2002. Unlike its predecessor, "TimeSplitters 2" was also released for the Xbox and GameCube in addition to the PlayStation 2. It featured similar story elements to the previous game, based around the TimeSplitters and their time crystals spread across multiple centuries, and expanded the concept heavily, including the introduction of characters that would later be used in its sequel, such as the lead character, Sergeant Cortez, a parody of Riddick.


title: TimeSplitters

text: The series' third installment was released in March 2005. "Future Perfect"s story played a larger role than in prior games, exploring the origins of the TimeSplitter species, introducing their creator, Jacob Crow, and including the concept of characters interacting with their own past and future selves. This was the first "TimeSplitters" game to feature online multiplayer, which was included for the Xbox and PlayStation 2; however, this feature was omitted from the GameCube version.


title: TimeSplitters

text: In June 2007, the "Official UK PlayStation Magazine" reported on a rumour that another installment of the "TimeSplitters" series was in development by Free Radical as an exclusive for the PlayStation 3. In the following August, Rob Yescombe, scriptwriter for the series' previous title, confirmed that ""TimeSplitters 4" is happening", but stated that the game was "in the very early concept stages, and as yet it's unsigned to any publisher." Despite the previously rumoured PS3 exclusivity, Yescombe stated that no specific release platforms had been established. "I'm sure it's possible to do a control scheme that works", co-creator David Doak added, when asked about his thoughts on developing a first-person shooter for the Wii. Of the game's timeline, Yescombe stated that "the game's not a very long way away but it's not a very short way away either. It's somewhere in the middle."


title: TimeSplitters

text: A further announcement of the game took place on the Free Radical website the following October. An early logo revealed for the game was a parody of the "Gears of War" logo, with a monkey head replacing the skull from the original. Free Radical also sent out an early teaser trailer depicting a monkey in Master Chief's combat armour from the "Halo" franchise. This led to expectation of "in-game potshots" at those games and other gaming franchises, a prediction confirmed by Yescombe:"In the past "Timesplitters" has been very satirical at the expense of movies, this time it will be satirical at the expense of video games."Free Radical released further details on "TimeSplitters 4" in 2008, mentioning that it would not use the much-criticised "Haze" engine, instead opting for some "new and double shiny tech;" however, after going into administration, Free Radical was bought out by Crytek and rebranded as Crytek UK in February 2009. Following this acquisition, the "TimeSplitters" project was subsequently placed "on hold." In a later interview, co-creator Steve Ellis confirmed that:""TimeSplitters 4" was in the very early stages of development when Free Radical went into administration ... A small playable demo was shown to several publishers, but it didn't attract any publishing deals."The poor reception for Free Radical's previous game, "Haze", was cited as one of the main reasons for the lack of publisher interest, alongside the lack of marketability for "a game that is based around a diverse set of characters and environments."


title: TimeSplitters

text: On June 14, 2011, the website VideoGamer.com, citing "a high-ranking industry source at Crytek," revealed that the company was working on a new "TimeSplitters" game, to be released on "the next generation of consoles" (the successors to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3). The game was expected to utilize CryEngine 3 and DirectX 11 technology. In 2012, Crytek CEO Cevat Yerli expressed desire to work on the project, but also noted concern about its possible reception. He mentioned that crowdfunding a sequel had been suggested to him, but deemed doing so to be inappropriate for a larger company such as Crytek. Yerli's comments about a possible crowdfunding campaign prompted a petition to encourage such a venture, which Yerli himself endorsed; however, as of February 2014, the petition's page had reached only approximately half of the desired 100,000 supporters.


title: TimeSplitters

text: On April 27, 2012, a spokesperson from Crytek confirmed that "TimeSplitters 4" was "not in development", and in June 2012, Yerli stated that:"Look, I wish we were working on it. The thing with "TimeSplitters" is, if we made a sequel to "TimeSplitters", nobody would accept this apart from some fans, and we don't know how big the fan community is unfortunately."In July 2013, TechRadar spoke to Ellis who, when asked if "TimeSplitters 4" would ever be released on 8th generation consoles (such as PlayStation 4 and Xbox One), replied with a statement suggesting it was highly unlikely:"I don't think there's any chance that's going to happen, you always got to the point where the marketing person in the room would say 'I don't know how to sell this' because they want a character that they can put on the front of the box. Every marketing person and every publisher we spoke to [said] 'You can't have that as your selling point' and maybe the sales figures of previous games backed that up."This prediction was made more concrete by the shutdown of Crytek in 2014, with the majority of the company's staff moving to Deep Silver's Dambuster Studios.


title: TimeSplitters

text: In April 2018, a collection of previously unrevealed concept art for the game was made available on Reddit, showing characters from multiple time periods and locations, including Ancient Greece and 1950s United States.


title: TimeSplitters

text: On November 29, 2012, it was revealed that, partly in response to a petition for the release of an HD version of the series' original trilogy, a group of fans had been given permission by Crytek to develop a "TimeSplitters" mod using CryEngine 3. The project lead, Michael Hubicka, stated that:""TimeSplitters 4" is our ultimate goal, but first we have to convince Crytek there is sufficient demand for the series through [an] HD Collection."The game, named "TimeSplitters Rewind", will combine "greatest hits" elements from across the trilogy. The team have stated that, although the engine will give "Rewind" more of a modern look, they "didn't plan on fixing something that isn't broken." It is expected to feature both story and multiplayer modes and to be free of charge on the PC. The development team originally planned to develop the game using the Unreal Engine 4; however in 2017, they revealed an intention to instead use CryEngine 3, due to concerns that the Unreal version would be unable to "use the "TimeSplitters" IP and would likely have to re-brand."


title: TimeSplitters

text: In January 2020, the team announced a shift in the game's intended release model, stating that they would begin by releasing a small, but "feasible" amount of content initially, followed later by further maps and content. In September 2020, new gameplay footage was released, over which the project's lead writer stated that "the game is looking and feeling really close", and has 57 people working on it. This was followed by a further update in December 2021 which indicated that the game was entering a "second round of QA testing"; however, no release window was provided.