title: Keldon Johnson

text: On June 20, 2019, Johnson was selected with the 29th overall by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2019 NBA draft. The Spurs obtained the draft pick used to draft Johnson in a 2018 trade; in that trade, Spurs small forward Kawhi Leonard was sent to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Raptors shooting guard DeMar DeRozan, center Jakob Pöltl, and a draft choice. Johnson was later listed in the roster of San Antonio Spurs for 2019 NBA Summer League hosted at Vivint Arena. Johnson signed with the Spurs on July 1, 2019. On October 30, 2019, Johnson received his first assignment to the Austin Spurs, the Spurs’ affiliate team in the NBA G League.


title: Keldon Johnson

text: Johnson made his NBA debut on November 22, 2019, playing two minutes in a 115–104 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. On August 11, 2020, Johnson scored a season-high 24 points in a 123–105 win over the Houston Rockets with eleven rebounds and three assists. On March 14, 2022, Johnson scored a career high 34 points along with 8 rebounds and 4 assists in a 149-139 loss against the Minnesota Timberwolves. On July 18, 2022, Johnson signed a four-year, $80 million rookie scale contract extension with the Spurs.


title: Keldon Johnson

text: Johnson had spent time as a member of the USA Select team and trained with the 2020 U.S. Olympic team. On July 16, 2021, Johnson and Denver Nuggets' center JaVale McGee were named to the Olympic roster in place of the injured Kevin Love and Bradley Beal, who was kept from traveling to Tokyo for health and safety protocols.


title: Keldon Johnson

text: Johnson majored in undeclared/exploratory studies in agriculture during his college time. Johnson's brother Kaleb also played college basketball, for Georgetown University during 2015-2019, and was drafted 34th overall by the Austin Spurs in the January 2021 NBA G League draft.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman () is the largest city in Whitman County, located in southeastern Washington within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. The population was 29,799 at the 2010 census, and estimated to be 34,506 in 2019. Originally founded as Three Forks, the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman in 1884.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman is noted as a fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes. It is home to Washington State University, a public research land-grant university, and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Pullman is from Moscow, Idaho, home to the University of Idaho, and is served by the Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: In 1876, about five years after European-American settlers established Whitman County on November 29, 1871, Bolin Farr arrived in Pullman. He camped at the confluence of Dry Flat Creek and Missouri Flat Creek on the bank of the Palouse River. Within the year, Dan McKenzie and William Ellsworth arrived to stake claims for adjoining land. They named the first post office here as Three Forks. In the spring of 1881, Orville Stewart opened a general store and Bolin Farr platted about of his land for a town.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman was incorporated on April 11, 1888, with a population of about 250–300 people. It was originally named Three Forks, after the three small rivers that converge there: Missouri Flat Creek, Dry Fork, and the South Fork of the Palouse River. In 1884, Dan McKenzie and Charles Moore (of Moscow) replatted the site and named it for American industrialist George Pullman.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: On March 28, 1890, the Washington State Legislature established the state's land grant college, but did not designate a location. Pullman leaders were determined to secure the new college and offered of land for its campus. Idaho Territory had established its land grant college in 1889; the University of Idaho was to be in neighboring Moscow. On April 18, 1891, the site selection commission appointed by Washington's governor chose Pullman. On January 13, 1892, the institution opened with 59 students under the name Washington Agricultural College and School of Science. It was renamed the State College of Washington in 1905, more commonly known as "Washington State College," and became Washington State University in 1959.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: In 1961, Pullman became a non-chartered code city under the mayor–council form of government. The city has an elected mayor with an elected seven-member council and an appointed administrative officer, the city administrator.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Pullman has a total area of , all of it land. The city is in the eastern part of Whitman County in southeastern Washington, approximately south of Spokane and north of Lewiston, Idaho.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The city is situated across several loess hills which characterize the Palouse Prairie, formed from windblown sediment over an estimated period of over one million years. This prairie region, the Palouse, is noteworthy for its fertile rolling hills where winter and spring wheat, barley, lentils, and peas are grown. These hills provide a variety of elevations across the city, from 2342 to 2575 ft (714 to 785 m) above sea level. Downtown Pullman is situated in a valley between these hills. Within the Pullman city limits, the Missouri Flat Creek and Paradise Creek both join the South Fork of the Palouse River. Pullman sits in the watersheds of the Snake River and the Columbia River.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman is situated across four major hills which divide the city into nearly equal quarters. These are:


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Military Hill is named for the Pullman Military College that opened its doors in 1891 and burned down in 1893.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman's climate is classified as dry-summer humid continental (Köppen "Dsb"), using the 0° threshold for mean coldest winter month; it nearly qualifies as having a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen "Csb"). This climate is typified by hot, dry summers followed by cold, snowy winters with short transitional seasons in between. Due to the rain shadow effect of the Cascade Range to its west, clear skies occur regularly throughout the year and rainfall is drastically less frequent in comparison to cities west of the mountains. Clouds of any variety are especially scant between June and September, which contributes to a diurnal temperature variation that is much higher during the summer compared to winter. Pullman has an annual average of of precipitation. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from in December to in August. The lowest temperature recorded in Pullman is on December 30, 1968, while the highest is on August 4, 1961.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: In 2011, "Bloomberg Businessweek" selected Pullman as the "Best Place to Raise Kids" in Washington. Factors included affordability, safety, a family-friendly lifestyle, the quality of Pullman High School, the presence of Washington State University, and the natural environment of the area.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 29,799 people, 11,029 households, and 3,898 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 11,966 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 79.3% White, 2.3% African American, 0.7% Native American, 11.2% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 5.4% of the population.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: There were 11,029 households, of which 17.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.5% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 64.7% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.88.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The median age in the city was 22.3 years. 11.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 51.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 10.5% were from 45 to 64; and 4.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.3% male and 48.7% female.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 24,675 people, 8,828 households, and 3,601 families living in the city. The population density was 2,740.8 people per square mile (1,058.6/km).


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The 2000 Census found 9,398 housing units at an average density of 1,043.9 per square mile (403.2/km). There were 8,828 households, out of which:


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there are 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The median income for a household in the city was $20,652, and the median income for a family was $46,165. Males had a median income of $36,743 versus $29,192 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,448. About 15.3% of families and 37.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: As part of the Palouse Knowledge Corridor, companies associated with an expanding high-tech industry are at the city's north end, anchored by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL), the largest private employer in the region. The lab company was founded by Edmund Schweitzer, a Ph.D. graduate of WSU. SEL and other firms are within the Pullman Industrial Park, run by the Port of Whitman County.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman Regional Hospital opened on Bishop Boulevard in late 2004; its predecessor, Pullman Memorial Hospital, was on the WSU campus and shared facilities with the student health center.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Since 1989, Pullman has been home to the National Lentil Festival, a major community event celebrating the lentil legume grown in the surrounding Palouse region. The festival includes a lentil cook-off, Friday night street fair, Saturday parade and music in the park, and more. It is held in Reaney Park on the August weekend before fall semester classes start at WSU.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: College sports are popular in Pullman, with most support centered on the Washington State Cougars who compete in the Pac-12 Conference in NCAA Division I. The football team plays at Martin Stadium, and their in-state rivals are the Washington Huskies, with whom the Cougars play an annual rivalry game, the Apple Cup. The women's and men's basketball teams play at Beasley Coliseum, and the baseball team at Bailey–Brayton Field. Moobery Track hosts track and field, and historic Bohler Gymnasium (1928) is the home of women's volleyball. The challenging 18-hole Palouse Ridge Golf Club opened in 2008, an overdue upgrade of the nine-hole WSU course.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The Greyhounds of Pullman High School compete in WIAA Class 2A in . Historic rivals are the Clarkston Bantams to the south and the Moscow Bears, in adjacent Idaho.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The city's only public high school, Pullman High School (PHS) has about 700 students. It is on Military Hill. Its mascot for its athletic teams is the greyhound. PHS offers honors and advanced placement courses, along with Running Start course work through WSU and Spokane Falls Community College.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman is the site of the flagship campus of Washington State University (WSU), a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) in NCAA Division I. WSU is the second-largest university in the state of Washington, and is well known for its veterinary medicine, business, architecture, engineering, agriculture, pharmacy, and communications schools.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman is located near the junction of several major highways. U.S. Route 195 and State Route 27 travel north towards the Spokane area, passing through various towns in the Palouse, while State Route 270 follows the Bill Chipman Palouse Trail to Moscow, Idaho.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: Pullman is served by the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport east of Pullman and west of Moscow. Horizon Air offers four flights daily from Pullman-Moscow to Seattle and four flights daily from Seattle to Pullman-Moscow. Shuttle service to Spokane International Airport is available. Major bus routes, including Greyhound, pass through Pullman.


title: Pullman, Washington

text: The city is also served by Pullman Transit, which provides bus service for residents and WSU students who do not live on campus. WSU students are able to ride without fares by presenting their student ID card, as the university includes a transit fee in tuition.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: The near-close near-back rounded vowel, or near-high near-back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some vocal languages. The IPA symbol that represents this sound is . It is informally called "horseshoe u". Prior to 1989, there was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound, , called "closed omega"; use of this symbol is no longer sanctioned by the IPA. In Americanist phonetic notation, the symbol (a small capital U) is used. Sometimes, especially in broad transcription, this vowel is transcribed with a simpler symbol , which technically represents the close back rounded vowel.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association" defines as a mid-centralized (lowered and centralized) close back rounded vowel (transcribed or ), and the current official IPA name of the vowel transcribed with the symbol is "near-close near-back rounded vowel". However, some languages have the "close-mid near-back rounded vowel", a vowel that is somewhat lower than the canonical value of , though it still fits the definition of a mid-centralized . It occurs in some dialects of English (such as General American and Geordie) as well as some other languages (such as Maastrichtian Limburgish). It can be transcribed with the symbol (a lowered ) in narrow transcription. For the close-mid (near-)back rounded vowel that is not usually transcribed with the symbol (or ), see close-mid back rounded vowel.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: In some other languages (such as Bengali and Luxembourgish) as well as some dialects of English (such as Scottish) there is a fully back near-close rounded vowel (a sound between cardinal and ), which can be transcribed in IPA with , or . There may be phonological reasons not to use the first symbol, as it may incorrectly imply a relation to the fully close . It also implies too weak a rounding in some cases (specifically in the case of the vowels that are described as "tense" in Germanic languages, which are typically transcribed with ), which would have to be specified as anyway.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: A few languages also have the near-close back unrounded vowel in their inventory. This does not have a separate IPA letter, but may be specified as .


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: The near-close back protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as , and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the near-close back rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, , can be used as an "ad hoc" symbol for the near-close back protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is or (a near-close back vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: The close-mid near-back protruded vowel can be transcribed or , whereas the fully back near-close protruded vowel can be transcribed , or .


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: Because back rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression. In the table below, vowels transcribed with have a considerably stronger rounding than the prototypical value of .


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: Some languages, such as Norwegian, are found with a near-close back vowel that has a distinct type of rounding, called "compressed" or "exolabial".


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter as (simultaneous and labial compression) or ( modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic may also be used with a rounded vowel letter as an "ad hoc" symbol, though technically 'spread' means unrounded.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: Only the Shanghainese dialect is known to contrast this with the more typical "protruded" (endolabial) near-close back vowel, although the height of both of these vowels varies from close to close-mid.


title: Near-close near-back rounded vowel

text: The prototypical has a weak rounding (though it is protruded, rather than compressed), more like than the neighboring cardinal vowels.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Pope John Paul I died suddenly in September 1978, 33 days after his election. Following contradictory reports about the circumstances of his death and apparent anomalies about the issuing of the death certificate and other procedures, several conspiracy theories have gained currency.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Discrepancies in the Vatican's account of the events surrounding Pope John Paul I's death—its inaccurate statements about who found the body; what he had been reading; when, where, and whether an autopsy could be carried out—produced a number of conspiracy theories, many associated with the Vatican Bank, which owned many shares in Banco Ambrosiano.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Some conspiracy theorists connect the death of John Paul in September 1978 with the image of the "bishop dressed in white" said to have been seen by Lucia Santos and her cousins Jacinta and Francisco Marto during the visitations of Our Lady of Fátima in 1917. In a letter to a colleague, John Paul had said he was deeply moved by having met Lucia and vowed to perform the Consecration of Russia in accordance with her vision.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: David Yallop's 1984 book "In God's Name" proposed the theory that the pope had been in "potential danger" because of corruption in the Vatican Bank (known officially as the Institute for Works of Religion or ), the Vatican's most powerful financial institution which owned many shares in Banco Ambrosiano. The Vatican Bank lost about a quarter of a billion dollars.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: This corruption was real and is known to have involved the bank's head, Bishop Paul Marcinkus, along with Roberto Calvi of the Banco Ambrosiano. Marcinkus, at the time head of the Vatican Bank, was indicted in Italy in 1982 as an accessory in the $3.5billion collapse of Banco Ambrosiano. Calvi was a member of P2, an illegal Italian Masonic lodge. He was found dead in London in 1982, after disappearing just before the corruption became public. His death was initially ruled suicide and a second inquest – ordered by his family – then returned an open verdict.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: In his 2012 book "The Power and The Glory: Inside the Dark Heart of John Paul II's Vatican", Yallop writes that Luciani had been given a list of 121 Masons and on September 28 (the day of his death) had advised Jean-Marie Villot, at that time Cardinal Secretary of State, with personnel transfers. Yallop specifically summarized his conspiracy theory in his 1984 book: Three archbishops—Marcinkus, Villot and Cody—conspired with three Mafia types—Calvi, Sindona and Gelli—in the murder of John Paul I. "It was clear that these six men—Marcinkus, Villot, Cody, Calvi, Sindona and Gelli—had a great deal to fear if the papacy of John Paul I should continue... all of them stood to gain in a variety of ways if John Paul I should suddenly die."


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: In his book "A Thief in the Night", British historian and journalist John Cornwell examines and challenges Yallop's points of suspicion. Yallop's murder theory requires that the pope's body be found at 4:30 or 4:45 a.m., one hour earlier than official reports estimated. He bases this, "inter alia", on an early story by Vatican Radio and the Italian news service ANSA that garbled the time and misrepresented the layout of the papal apartments. Yallop says he had testimony from Sister Vincenza Taffarel (the nun who found the pope's body) to this effect but refused to show Cornwell his transcripts.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Theologian Abbé Georges de Nantes spent much of his life building a case for murder against the Vatican, collecting statements from people who knew the pope before and after his election. His writings go into detail about the banks and about John Paul I's supposed discovery of a number of Freemason priests in the Vatican, along with a number of his proposed reforms and devotion to Our Lady of Fátima.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: According to the Catholic Traditionalist Movement organization, their founder Fr. Gommar DePauw was to have gone to Rome to help John Paul I reestablish the Tridentine Mass.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Other prominent Traditionalist Catholic websites, not related to CTM, have suggested John Paul I may have been assassinated to prevent restoration of the Tridentine Mass.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: In his 2017 book "The Godmother: Madre Pascalina", Fr. Charles Murr writes about the coincidence that Pope John Paul I had attempted to discipline Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, who appointed many "liberal" bishops including, later, the defrocked ex-cardinal Theodore McCarrick, and that Cdl. Baggio was the last person to have seen Pope John Paul I alive.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: In his book "When the Bullet Hits the Bone" published in 2019, Anthony Raimondi, who claims to be a nephew of Lucky Luciano, says he helped his cousin Archbishop Paul Marcinkus kill the pope by putting valium in his tea to knock him out, then poisoning him with cyanide. The reason given was that John Paul had allegedly threatened to expose "a massive stock fraud run by Vatican insiders". Raimondi says that plans were made to also assassinate John Paul II had the latter decided to expose the fraud. Raimondi says that "If they take [the pope's body] and do any type of testing, they will still find traces of the poison in his system."


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: Malachi Martin's 1986 book "Vatican: A Novel" is a novel based on recent papal history. Although officially a work of fiction, Martin proposes the theory that the pope was murdered by the Soviet Union because he would abdicate the benign policy of his two predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI, towards accommodating communism, and once again condemn it as an atheistic totalitarian ideology. Martin believed that the church structure was infiltrated for decades by Illuminati agents who reached positions of high influence and rank, such as Cardinal Villot.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: In December 1986, a play by Mark E. Smith of British post-punk band The Fall, "", was staged for two weeks in London, starring performance artist Leigh Bowery. It drew on conspiracy theories about the pope's death. The Fall's single "Hey! Luciani" reached number 59 on the UK singles chart in December of that year.


title: Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories

text: "The Last Confession" is a play written in 2007 by Roger Crane. It is a thriller that tracks the dramatic tensions, crises of faith, and political manoeuvrings inside the Vatican surrounding the death of Pope John Paul I.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Michael Edward Welsh (April 20, 1971 – October 8, 2011) was an American artist and musician who played bass for several bands, including the rock band Weezer. During Weezer's hiatus, he played with Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo in the band Homie, during Cuomo's time in Boston. Following original bassist Matt Sharp's departure from Weezer, Welsh joined as bassist and played with them from the time that they unofficially regrouped in 1998 until August 2001, when he experienced mental health problems. Shortly afterwards, he retired from music to focus on his art career. Welsh died from a drug overdose on October 8, 2011.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Welsh was born on April 20, 1971 in Syracuse, New York. He began his career as a Boston-area musician, playing in bands such as Heretix, Chevy Heston, Jocobono, Left Nut, and Slower. He was a touring bassist for Juliana Hatfield and Verbena. In 1997, he joined the first incarnation of the Rivers Cuomo Band, the side-project of Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo. He joined Weezer following the departure of Matt Sharp in 1998.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: During Weezer's hiatus, he played with Verbena and the first incarnation of Patrick Wilson's band the Special Goodness. He wrote a large number of basslines in this period, recorded them and sent them to Rivers Cuomo for writing inspiration, although Cuomo never used any of them. Instead, he contributed four of these to Juliana Hatfield's 2000 album "". Welsh was given a co-writing credit for four songs.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: He toured with Weezer beginning with their resurgence in the summer of 2000 and first appeared on their limited edition "Christmas CD" EP later that year (re-released in 2005 as "Winter Weezerland"). He subsequently played on 2001's Green Album as well as a number of B-sides and unreleased songs from the era, and also performed with the band most of the way through tours supporting the album.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: In 2001, Welsh suffered a breakdown brought on by drug use, undiagnosed mental health problems, and the strain of touring. After attempting suicide by drug overdose, he left Weezer. The reason for his exit was not made public until some time later. He was checked into a psychiatric hospital in August 2001. He later spoke about the ordeal in an interview with the website "Rock Salt Plum":


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Weezer shot a new version of the video for their song "Island in the Sun" without Welsh. Following Welsh's departure in 2001, the band hired Scott Shriner to replace Welsh.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: In late 2001/2002, Welsh returned to the Boston music scene by temporarily joining the Kickovers, the band of Nate Albert, guitarist for the Mighty Mighty Bosstones. In an interview, he expressed his distaste for the corporate music process, stating that, "It's actually fun to just be playing in the studio without some major-label idiot standing over your shoulder." Soon after, he retired from music to become a full-time artist. He, his wife and their two sons lived in Vermont.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Welsh attended a Weezer show on July 12, 2005, in Lewiston, Maine. Cuomo dedicated "Hash Pipe" to him, drawing cheers from the crowd. On September 2, 2010, he joined the band on stage at a show in Essex Junction, Vermont to play bass on the song "Hash Pipe". On July 29, 2011, Welsh played guitar on the song "Undone" with Weezer and the Flaming Lips at a show in New York.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Welsh became an artist and, as of August 2008, had 13 exhibitions of his artwork. He was a member of "Outsider Art".


title: Mikey Welsh

text: Welsh's artwork is featured on a Burton snowboard, in a line of snowboards titled "The Farm". He designed and painted the album cover for Twin Berlin's debut album.


title: Mikey Welsh

text: On September 26, 2011, Welsh wrote on Twitter: "dreamt i died in chicago next weekend (heart attack in my sleep). need to write my will today." On October 8, 2011, Welsh was found dead in a Chicago hotel room from a suspected heroin overdose, leading to a heart attack.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Everybody's Talking About Jamie is a coming-of-age stage musical with music by Dan Gillespie Sells and book and lyrics by Tom MacRae. The musical is inspired by the 2011 British television documentary "Jamie: Drag Queen at 16" directed by Jenny Popplewell. The musical follows and is based upon the true-life story of 16-year-old British schoolboy Jamie Campbell, as he overcomes prejudice and bullying to step out of the darkness and become a drag queen.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Miss Hedge, a careers teacher, asks her noisy year eleven class what they want to be when they get older. One student of the class (16), Jamie New, gets teased about his homosexuality and reveals to the audience all he wants to be is a drag queen ("And You Don't Even Know It"). When prompted, Jamie tells the class he wants to be a performer, but Miss Hedge tells him to get real.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At Jamie's house, his mum Margaret and family friend Ray are preparing for his sixteenth birthday. When Jamie arrives home, Margaret gives him a card from his dad, with a picture of a race car. Margaret then gives Jamie his gift from her - a pair of red high heels from Meadowhall. Jamie reveals hesitation about going outside his garden in the shoes ("Wall in My Head").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The next day at school, Jamie shows his best friend Pritti his new heels, and then he is interrupted by Dean, the school bully. He taunts Pritti for being Muslim, and Jamie for being gay. Jamie taunts Dean for his small penis in return. Embarrassed, Dean leaves. Pritti encourages Jamie to go to prom in a dress ("Spotlight"). Jamie then parades around the classroom in his heels ("Spotlight (Reprise) (Star of the Show)").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At his local shop for drag queen attire, Victor's Secret, Jamie befriends the owner Hugo, and learns all about Hugo's past as a drag queen ("The Legend of Loco Chanelle (and the Blood Red Dress)"). Hugo books Jamie's first drag show at the local nightclub, and helps Jamie choose his dress ("The Legend of Loco Chanelle (and the Blood Red Dress) (Reprise)").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Meanwhile, Margaret meets with Jamie's dad, where she reveals she has been lying to Jamie about the activity of his dad, including the fact she has to write a birthday card from him each birthday. Jamie's dad tells Margaret he wants nothing to do with Jamie, claiming he is not a "real boy". Margaret ponders what her life would be like if she never met Jamie's dad ("If I Met Myself Again").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At school, Jamie pulls Pritti into a disabled toilet so she can help with his make-up. They are discovered by Miss Hedge, but Pritti tells her that she is doing Jamie's make-up for an art project. Miss Hedge tells Jamie that he should be proud of being an art project, and walks him around school in the make-up. Jamie, initially embarrassed by the attention, decides to be proud of himself, telling the school that he is doing a drag show at the local nightclub, Legs Eleven, that night ("Work of Art").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Outside Legs Eleven, Jamie bumps into Dean, who calls him a minger. Inside the club, Margaret and Ray have been introduced to a group of drag queens: Laika Virgin, Tray Sophisticay, and Sandra Bollock. Hugo emerges, now dressed as Loco Chanelle, his drag alter-ego. Jamie runs in to tell them all he cannot go on because of what Dean said. Jamie finds the dress he admired at Victor's Secret in his dressing room, with a tag on saying "Love Dad" as well as a flower delivery from Jamie's dad. Loco Chanelle, with the help of the other drag queens, encourage Jamie to find his drag self, whom Jamie calls Mimi Me, and get him ready and push him onstage ("Over the Top")


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The next day, the school is buzzing with news of Jamie's drag debut ("Everybody's Talking About Jamie"). Jamie comes into school in bright blue eyeshadow and long eyelashes. Miss Hedge once again tells Jamie to "get real", and Dean taunts Jamie, but Jamie kisses him in retaliation, leaving Dean confused.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At home, Jamie shows Margaret and Ray his new prom dress, now shortened and fitted with working flashing lights. Margaret worries if this is all too much ("Limited Edition Prom Night Special"). The phone rings, and Jamie and Margaret are called to the school.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Jamie, Margaret and Ray go to the school to meet with Miss Hedge, who tells Jamie that there have been rumours that he will be attending prom in drag, and she will not allow it. Jamie is disappointed, and Dean seems to know all about it.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: In Pritti's bedroom, Jamie rants to Pritti about how he is not allowed to go to prom in drag. Pritti tells Jamie to go in a dress - not in drag. Jamie says that without Mimi Me, he is ugly. Pritti reassures Jamie that he is far from ugly ("It Means Beautiful"). Jamie reveals that when he was eight, his dad found him in a dress and was angry. He is then confused as to why he paid for the dress and bought flowers if he is not supportive of him as a drag queen. Pritti suggests Jamie should go to his house and speak to him. Before he leaves, Jamie kisses Pritti on the cheek ("It Means Beautiful (Reprise)").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At the house of Jamie's dad, Jamie's dad reveals that he did not know about Mimi Me and calls Jamie disgusting. He tells Jamie he did not pay for the dress or flowers. Jamie figures out that it was his mother doing all of this in his dad's place ("Ugly in This Ugly World").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At home, Jamie argues with Margaret over why she has been lying over all these years. Jamie screams in Margaret's face and storms out. Margaret, left alone, sings about how she will always love Jamie no matter what ("He's My Boy").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Jamie wanders the streets drunk on cider. He is approached by three local boys, and is beaten up as they shout homophobic remarks about him. ("And You Don't Even Know It (Bus Station Reprise)"). Jamie is defended by Hugo, who urges Jamie to go home and apologise to his mum.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: At the prom, all of the kids are super excited ("Prom Song"). Pritti enters, wearing makeup and a prom dress. All the girls love it, but Dean decides to bully her. She finally stands up to Dean, and then reveals Jamie, in a white prom dress. Miss Hedge comes out of the school and refuses Jamie's admission to the prom. All the kids stand outside and chant Jamie's name until Miss Hedge gives in and lets him in. Jamie waits until everyone's gone in, and then calls Dean out from off-stage. Jamie encourages Dean to be nice just for one night, to which Dean agrees, and they walk into prom hand-in-hand ("Finale").


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The character of Wayne New is not given a name in the stage production; an artistic decision was made to credit actors as ‘Jamie’s Dad’.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: † For the UK tour production, the band reduced from being an 8-piece to a 7-piece, with the trombone part being removed.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: An album titled "Everybody's Talking About Jamie (The Concept Album)" was released on 15 February 2017 by Wilton Way Records, featuring John McCrea from the Sheffield production. It also included vocals from Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Betty Boo, Dan Gillespie Sells, and Josie Walker.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: On 27 April 2018, "Everybody's Talking About Jamie (Original West End Cast Recording)", featuring all West End cast members and tracks from the musical, became available to purchase in CD and online through Broadway Records.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The musical premiered at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield on 13 February 2017, following previews from 8 February, it finished its short run on 25 February, directed by Jonathan Butterell. The musical transferred to the West End at the Apollo Theatre from 6 November 2017 with most of the Crucible Theatre cast returning.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The show went on hiatus on 17 March 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The show returned on 12 December 2020, with social distancing measures being implemented on the audience. The show closed just four days later. The show reopened with social distancing measures still in place on 20 May 2021, Shane Richie will also reprise his role as Hugo/Loco Chanelle. The show will take a break from 26 September 2021 before returning sometime in 2022.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: A UK tour began from 8 February 2020, opening at the Lyceum Theatre, Sheffield starring Layton Williams and Shane Richie reprising their roles of Jamie and Hugo/Loco Chanelle from the West End production. However, in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tour was forced to stop.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: In May 2021, It was announced the tour would recommence in Salford at The Lowry on 1 September 2021. Bianca Del Rio played the role of Loco Chanelle at certain venues.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Four actors; 2AM's Jo Kwon, NU'EST's Ren, Astro's MJ, and musical theatre actor Shin Joo-hyup shared the role of Jamie.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The Japanese production was announced in February 2021. It was announced that the musical will be shown in three cities: Tokyo (July 8 - August 29, Brillia HALL), Osaka (September 4–12, Shin Kabukiza) and Aichi (September 25 and 26, Aichi Prefectural Art Theater). Due to new COVID restrictions in Tokyo the premiere was delayed to August 8. The cast features Win Morisaki and Fu Takahashi as Jamie New. The cast also features long established performers, such as Zen Ishikawa as Hugo, Chizu Hosaka as Ray, Kiyotaka Imai as Jamie's dad and Sandra Bollock and Keigo Yoshino as Laika Virgin.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The musical made its American premiere at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles from 16 January to 20 February 2022. Layton Williams and Bianca Del Rio reprised their roles as Jamie New and Hugo/Loco Chanelle respectively.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The show was scheduled to embark on an Australian tour from 18 July 2020, at the Sydney Opera House before touring to Sydney Coliseum Theatre (4 to 13 September), The Art House Wyong (1 to 4 October), Arts Centre Melbourne (9 to 25 October), Queensland Performing Arts Centre, Brisbane (13 to 29 November), Canberra Theatre Centre (11 to 13 December), His Majesty's Theatre, Perth (22 to 31 January 2021) and Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide (5 to 14 February). However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tour was cancelled.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: The Italian production was announced in 2020. The debut will take place in 2022 in Rome at the Brancaccio Theater.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Ann Treneman of "The Times", commenting after its West End run had been confirmed, exclaimed "I gave it a very rare five stars. The moment it ended the entire audience rose up as one. I think that it has such an impact for the same reason that "Dear Evan Hansen", the musical that just cleaned up the Tony Awards in New York City, is such a success." Later stating that "This is hit material and it so deserved a chance to strut its stuff in Shaftesbury Avenue. Now it's got it."


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Clare Brennan of "The Observer" stated that "the drama lacks oomph but sheer exuberance carries this coming-of-age tale...That said, this is still a touching, funny and joyous production." Dominic Cavendish, in his four-star review in "The Daily Telegraph", stated "I can't think of a musical that has set me spinning right round (like a record, baby) quite as much as this funny, outrageous, touching but oh-my-word PC flag-waving show...The show sends you out on a feel-good bubble of happiness. Think about it too much, though, and the bubble gets pricked."


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Mark Shenton of "The Stage" thought highly of the show, commenting "Everybody should soon be talking about "Everybody's Talking About Jamie". This new British musical is by turns courageous and outrageous."


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: On 5 July 2018, the musical was broadcast live in cinemas across the United Kingdom and Ireland. It later screened in Australia.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: In May 2018, it was announced that the musical would be adapted into a feature film. In June 2019, it was announced that the film would be distributed by 20th Century Fox, which would then be acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2019. After several delays, it was scheduled to be released on 26 February 2021 before it was cancelled and sold the distribution rights (excluding China) to Amazon Studios and scheduled to be released on Amazon Prime Video on 17 September 2021.


title: Everybody's Talking About Jamie

text: Film cast includes Max Harwood as Jamie; Sarah Lancashire as Margaret; Richard E. Grant as Hugo and Shobna Gulati as Ray. Others in the film cast include Lauren Patel; Layton Williams; Sharon Horgan; Ralph Ineson; John McCrea ; Samuel Bottomley; Lewis & James Sharp (The Sharp Twins); Ramzan Miah; Zane Alsaroori and Noah Leggott. It was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film at the 75th British Academy Film Awards.


title: Santhanam filmography

text: Santhanam is an Indian actor who has predominantly appeared in Tamil films as a comedian and also has appeared in films in a lead role. He began his career on television shows including Vijay TV's "Lollu Sabha" enacting the lead role in spoofs of Tamil films. He was subsequently given a chance by actor Silambarasan in a supporting role in "Manmadhan" (2004) and then was signed on to appear in films including "Sachien" (2005) and "Polladhavan" (2007). He appeared in a one-off leading role in Shankar's production "Arai En 305-il Kadavul" (2008) and subsequently became a staple feature as a comedian in successful Tamil films during the period, with his market popularity helping stuck films find distributors. Santhanam has also had embarked on collaborations with directors including M. Rajesh's comic trilogy of "Siva Manasula Sakthi" (2009), "Boss Engira Bhaskaran" (2010) and "Oru Kal Oru Kannadi" (2012).


title: Rash

text: A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.


title: Rash

text: The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.


title: Rash

text: The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.


title: Rash

text: The causes of a rash are numerous, which may make the evaluation of a rash extremely difficult. An accurate evaluation by a provider may only be made in the context of a thorough history, i.e. medications the patient is taking, the patient's occupation, where the patient has been and complete physical examination.


title: Rash

text: Treatment differs according to which rash a patient has been diagnosed with. Common rashes can be easily remedied using steroid topical creams (such as hydrocortisone) or non-steroidal treatments. Many of the medications are available over the counter in the United States.


title: Rash

text: The problem with steroid topical creams i.e. hydrocortisone; is their inability to penetrate the skin through absorption and therefore not be effective in clearing up the affected area, thus rendering the hydrocortisone almost completely ineffective in all except the most mild of cases.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The Volkswagen T-Cross is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen. It is based on the MQB A0 platform shared with the Polo Mk6, and was officially launched in April 2019. The car is positioned below the T-Roc and alongside the Taigo/Nivus, it is the smallest SUV model from Volkswagen. It is also the second Volkswagen SUV model to sit in the B-SUV segment, after the T-Roc.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The T-Cross started as a replacement for a cancelled project of a small SUV based on the Volkswagen Taigun concept which was showcased in São Paulo in 2012. It is an SUV based on the Volkswagen Up! with a length of under 3.9 m destined for Europe, Brazil and India, and was planned to be on sale in 2016 after the project was green-lit in 2012. In 2016, Volkswagen cancelled the plan of producing the Taigun after an internal study concluded that its dimension was too small. Volkswagen shifted its focus onto developing a Polo-based small SUV instead, which eventually spawned the T-Cross. The Taigun nameplate is being reused as a rebadged long-wheelbase T-Cross for the Indian market.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: In 2016, the T-Cross was previewed as a concept car called the VW T-Cross Breeze at the Geneva Motor Show. This vehicle was, in contrast to the production version, a four-seater convertible with a fabric top. The T-Cross Breeze was long, wide and high. The concept vehicle was powered by a 1.0-litre TSI engine with and of torque.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The production version of the T-Cross was officially launched on 25 October 2018 simultaneously in three cities located in three continents – Amsterdam, Shanghai and São Paulo – demonstrating T-Cross's nature as a global product. The model is produced in China and Brazil with a modified length of 4.2 m and a longer wheelbase of 2.65 m shared with the Škoda Kamiq and Volkswagen Virtus, with the goal of improving interior space. These models also have different front fascias and steering wheels from the variant sold in Europe.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: Debuted in Amsterdam, the T-Cross is positioned below the T-Roc in Volkswagen Europe SUV line-up and acts as an entry-level model. The vehicle is built together with the Volkswagen Polo at Volkswagen Navarra S.A"." in Pamplona, Spain.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: Although the T-Cross is only slightly smaller than the Golf-based T-Roc, VW is marketing the T-Cross as the more practical and family-oriented car, as Volkswagen expects the T-Cross to appeal to young families and older demographics due to its tall roof and its high driving position.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: Four engines have been announced for the launch model, and only one of them is a diesel, which is 1.6-litre TDI four-cylinder unit with . There are two versions of the 1.0-litre TSI turbo petrol three-cylinder, with either or , and a range-topping 1.5-litre TSI petrol with . It is available with a 5- or 6-speed manual, and a 7-speed DSG transmission. All T-Cross variants are front-wheel drive as its Polo-sourced underpinnings do not support an all-wheel drive configuration. It was delivered to the customers in April 2019.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: First-edition models are based on a T-Cross style 1.0-litre TSI with . It is available in 150 and 50 units in manual and dual-clutch gearboxes respectively, which were available as part of a lottery.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The Euro NCAP has awarded the T-Cross a five-star rating. It scored 97% for adult occupant safety, 86% for child safety, 81% in the pedestrians and other vulnerable road users category and 80% for on-board safety tech. The T-Cross features several passive and active safety systems, including pedestrian and cyclist protection, automatic emergency braking, front assist and a speed limiter. High-end trim levels add several advanced features including adaptive cruise control, hill start assist and blind-spot monitoring.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: Unveiled on 25 October 2018 and sold from April 2019, the T-Cross built in São José dos Pinhais plant in Brazil is a long-wheelbase version one, sharing the 2.65 m wheelbase with the Virtus which stretches its length to 4.19 m while keeping it on the MQB A0 platform.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The Latin American T-Cross is available with several engine options, including 1.0-litre TSI making used in the Brazil-made Polo and Virtus serving as an entry option, while the high-end trims is equipped with 1.4-litre TSI engine capable of produced in São Carlos, São Paulo. The São José dos Pinhais plant will also manufacture the T-Cross with 1.6-litre MSI engine with of power output dedicated for exports to other Latin American countries and LHD African countries. It is available with a 6-speed manual transmission for the lowest trim, while the other trims solely available with a 6-speed torque converter automatic transmission. The Brazilian-made T-Cross used torsion beam for the rear suspension, sharing its suspension configuration with the Virtus with specific calibrations for an SUV model.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: While the Brazilian-made T-Cross has a longer wheelbase compared to the European version, the engineering team focused on making a larger space and legroom for the second row passengers. As the result, the capacity of the boot was reduced. While the European T-Cross carries between 385 and 455 litres (rear seats unfolded, depends on the rear seat recline position), the Brazilian model is only capable of 373–420 litres. This is also the case for the Chinese T-Cross and Tacqua, being the long-wheelbase version of the T-Cross.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The T-Cross was introduced in Mexico in September 2019 and was imported from Brazil. It uses a 1.6-litre engine coupled with the Tiptronic six speed automatic transmission. It is the second car in Volkswagen's Mexican lineup to use the MQB A0 platform. It also comes with a 6.5" Composition Media and Apple CarPlay infotainment system, six airbags, ABS brakes and electronic stability control, and automatic post collision braking is available in all versions. It obtained a five star rating by Latin NCAP. It arrived to the market in Mexico in 2019.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: In 2022, the Brazilian-made T-Cross was replaced with the Indian-made T-Cross which is nearly identical to the Indian market Taigun.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: In China, the car is offered by two manufacturers (SAIC-Volkswagen and FAW-Volkswagen) with two different names, which are the T-Cross and Tacqua respectively.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The Chinese market T-Cross was unveiled on 25 October 2018. It is manufactured and marketed by SAIC-VW and adopted the long-wheelbase body like the Brazilian T-Cross. It features a different front and rear bumpers to adapt with the Chinese market taste and trends. It is available in two engine options, which include 1.4-litre TSI which makes and 1.5-litre MPI with of power output. It went on sale in April 2019.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The twin model of the T-Cross for the Chinese market is named the Tacqua. Manufactured and marketed by FAW-VW, the Tacqua bears more resemblance with the Brazilian-made T-Cross in terms of exterior appearance, with the exception of the Tacqua R-Line model which is a new design. The Tacqua offers the same long-wheelbase body and engine options as the T-Cross built by SAIC-VW, which are 1.4-litre TSI and 1.5-litre MPI. It was unveiled in November 2019 and launched to the market in December 2019.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: In February 2020, Volkswagen revealed the Taigun for the Indian market which is based from the Chinese market T-Cross with several changes, such as the redesigned C-pillar. It is unrelated to the concept model from 2012 with the same name. Volkswagen stated the Taigun is built on a modified MQB A0 platform dedicated for Indian market called the MQB A0 IN. It went on sale in India in September 2021.


title: Volkswagen T-Cross

text: The T-Cross has been sold in Indonesia since 23 February 2022. Based on the Indian market Taigun, it is offered in a single variant with a 1.0-litre TSI engine.


title: Goodness of fit

text: The goodness of fit of a statistical model describes how well it fits a set of observations. Measures of goodness of fit typically summarize the discrepancy between observed values and the values expected under the model in question. Such measures can be used in statistical hypothesis testing, e.g. to test for normality of residuals, to test whether two samples are drawn from identical distributions (see Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), or whether outcome frequencies follow a specified distribution (see Pearson's chi-square test). In the analysis of variance, one of the components into which the variance is partitioned may be a lack-of-fit sum of squares.


title: Goodness of fit

text: In assessing whether a given distribution is suited to a data-set, the following tests and their underlying measures of fit can be used:


title: Goodness of fit

text: Pearson's chi-square test uses a measure of goodness of fit which is the sum of differences between observed and expected outcome frequencies (that is, counts of observations), each squared and divided by the expectation:


title: Goodness of fit

text: The resulting value can be compared with a chi-square distribution to determine the goodness of fit. The chi-square distribution has ("k" − "c") degrees of freedom, where "k" is the number of non-empty cells and "c" is the number of estimated parameters (including location and scale parameters and shape parameters) for the distribution plus one. For example, for a 3-parameter Weibull distribution, "c" = 4.


title: Goodness of fit

text: For example, to test the hypothesis that a random sample of 100 people has been drawn from a population in which men and women are equal in frequency, the observed number of men and women would be compared to the theoretical frequencies of 50 men and 50 women. If there were 44 men in the sample and 56 women, then


title: Goodness of fit

text: If the null hypothesis is true (i.e., men and women are chosen with equal probability in the sample), the test statistic will be drawn from a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. Though one might expect two degrees of freedom (one each for the men and women), we must take into account that the total number of men and women is constrained (100), and thus there is only one degree of freedom (2 − 1). In other words, if the male count is known the female count is determined, and vice versa.


title: Goodness of fit

text: Consultation of the chi-square distribution for 1 degree of freedom shows that the cumulative probability of observing a difference more than formula_4 if men and women are equally numerous in the population is approximately 0.23. This probability is higher than the conventionally accepted criteria for statistical significance (a probability of .001-.05), so normally we would not reject the null hypothesis that the number of men in the population is the same as the number of women (i.e. we would consider our sample within the range of what we'd expect for a 50/50 male/female ratio.)


title: Goodness of fit

text: Note the assumption that the mechanism that has generated the sample is random, in the sense of independent random selection with the same probability, here 0.5 for both males and females. If, for example, each of the 44 males selected brought a male buddy, and each of the 56 females brought a female buddy, each formula_5 will increase by a factor of 4, while each formula_6 will increase by a factor of 2. The value of the statistic will double to 2.88. Knowing this underlying mechanism, we should of course be counting pairs. In general, the mechanism, if not defensibly random, will not be known. The distribution to which the test statistic should be referred may, accordingly, be very different from chi-square.


title: Goodness of fit

text: A binomial experiment is a sequence of independent trials in which the trials can result in one of two outcomes, success or failure. There are "n" trials each with probability of success, denoted by "p". Provided that "np" ≫ 1 for every "i" (where "i" = 1, 2, ..., "k"), then


title: Goodness of fit

text: This has approximately a chi-square distribution with "k" − 1 degrees of freedom. The fact that there are "k" − 1 degrees of freedom is a consequence of the restriction formula_8. We know there are "k" observed cell counts, however, once any "k" − 1 are known, the remaining one is uniquely determined. Basically, one can say, there are only "k" − 1 freely determined cell counts, thus "k" − 1 degrees of freedom.


title: Goodness of fit

text: "G"-tests are likelihood-ratio tests of statistical significance that are increasingly being used in situations where Pearson's chi-square tests were previously recommended.


title: Goodness of fit

text: where formula_10 and formula_6 are the same as for the chi-square test, formula_12 denotes the natural logarithm, and the sum is taken over all non-empty cells. Furthermore, the total observed count should be equal to the total expected count:formula_13where formula_14 is the total number of observations.


title: Goodness of fit

text: "G"-tests have been recommended at least since the 1981 edition of the popular statistics textbook by Robert R. Sokal and F. James Rohlf.


title: Scopa

text: Scopa (; literally "broom") is an Italian card game, and one of the three major national card games in Italy, the others being "Briscola" and "Tresette". It is also popular in Argentina and Brazil, brought in by Italian immigrants, mostly in the "Scopa a Quindici" variation. Scopa is also played in former Italian colonies such as Libya and Somalia or some other countries like Tunisia and even Morocco with changed appearance in the cards. It is played with a standard Italian 40-card deck, mostly between two players or four in two partnerships, but it can also be played by 3 or 6 players.


title: Scopa

text: The name "scopa" is an Italian noun meaning "broom", since taking a "scopa" means "to sweep" all the cards from the table. Watching a game of scopa can be a highly entertaining activity, since games traditionally involve lively, colorful, and somewhat strong-worded banter in between hands. However, skill and chance are more important for the outcome of the game.


title: Scopa

text: Scopa was already widespread throughout Italy in the 18th century, but there is no earlier evidence of its origin.


title: Scopa

text: A deck of Italian cards consist of 40 cards, divided into four suits. Neapolitan, Piacentine, Triestine, and Sicilian cards are divided into "Coppe" (Cups), "Ori" or "Denari" (Golds or Coins), "Spade" (Swords) and "Bastoni" (Clubs), while Piemontesi, Milanesi and Toscane cards use the 'French' suits, that is "Cuori" (Hearts), "Quadri" (Diamonds, literally "Squares"), "Fiori" (Flowers) and "Picche" (Spades, literally "Pikes").


title: Scopa

text: The values on the cards range numerically from one through seven, plus three face cards in each suit: Knave ["Fante" in Italian] (worth a value of 8), Knight ["Cavallo" in Italian] in the Neapolitan-type decks, Queen ["Donna" in Italian] in the Milanese-type decks (worth 9), and King ["Re" in Italian] (worth 10). A Knave is a lone male figure standing. The Knight is a male figure riding a horse; the Queen is a female figure. The King is a male figure wearing a crown. To determine the face value of any numeric card, simply count the number of suit icons on the card. Since the Coins/Diamonds are important in winning some points, the cards of that suit are also nicknamed as ""bello"" (handsome): so, ""il settebello"" is the Seven of Coins/Diamonds, ""l'asso bello"" is the ace of Coins/Diamonds.


title: Scopa

text: All players arrange themselves around the playing surface. If playing in teams, team members should be opposite each other. One player is chosen to be the dealer.


title: Scopa

text: Each player receives three cards. The dealer deals them out one card at a time, in a counter-clockwise direction, beginning with the player to their right. During this deal, the dealer will also place four cards face up on the table. A table card may be dealt before the deal begins, immediately after dealing a card to themselves but before dealing to the next player, or after dealing all players all three cards.


title: Scopa

text: As it is impossible to sweep in a game where the initial table cards include three or four kings, such a deal is considered invalid. The cards are re-shuffled, and the dealer deals again.


title: Scopa

text: The player to the dealer's right begins play. This player has two options: Either place a card on the table or play a card to capture one or more cards. A capture is made by matching a card in the player's hand to a card of the same value on the table, or if that is not possible, by matching a card in the player's hand to the sum of the values of two or more cards on the table. In both cases, both the card from the player's hand and the captured card(s) are removed and placed face down in a pile in front of the player. These cards are now out of play until scores are calculated at the end of the round. If by capturing, all cards were removed from the table, then this is called a scopa, and an additional point is awarded at the end of the round (unless this happened with the final card played by the last player of the last hand of a round, in which case cards are still captured but no additional point is awarded).


title: Scopa

text: Note that it is not legal to place on the table a card that has the ability to capture. For example, if a 2 and a 4 are on the table and a player holds a 6, the player must either take that trick or play a different card from their hand.


title: Scopa

text: In any circumstance in which a played card may capture either a single or multiple cards, the player is forced to capture only the single card. For example, if the cards on the table are 1, 3, 4, and 8 (Knave, or "Fante" in Italian), and the player plays another Knave, the player is not allowed to capture the 1, 3, and 4, even though their total does add up to 8. Instead, the player is only allowed to capture the Knave.


title: Scopa

text: After all players have played all three cards, the dealer deals out three more cards to each player, again beginning with the player to their right. That player then begins play again. No additional cards are dealt to the table. This process is repeated until no cards remain in the deck.


title: Scopa

text: After the dealer has played the final card of the final hand of the round, the player who most recently captured is awarded any remaining cards on the table, and points are calculated for each player or team. If no team has yet won the game, the deal moves to the right. The new dealer shuffles and deals the cards as described above.


title: Scopa

text: Points are awarded at the completion of each deal. If playing in teams, the team members combine their captured cards before counting to calculate points. Players get one point for each ""scopa"".


title: Scopa

text: If two or more teams or players capture the same number of cards, the same number of coin cards, or the same prime value, no point is awarded for that result, e.g. if both team 1 and team 2 capture 20 cards total, neither gets a point for the most cards.


title: Scopa

text: The "prime" for each team is determined by selecting the team's "best" card in each of the four suits, and totaling those four cards' point values. When calculating the prime, a separate point scale is used. The player with the highest number of points using this separate point scale gets one point toward the game score.


title: Scopa

text: If one team captures the seven of cups and coins, the six of clubs and the ace of swords, that team's prime is (21 + 21 + 18 + 16) = 76.


title: Scopa

text: Other versions of the prime's point scale exist. Most use the same ranking of cards but have variant scores, e.g. 0 points for face cards instead of 10. A variant that is popular in America but disliked by purists is to award the prime to the person with the most sevens, or the person with the most sixes if there is a tie, down to aces, and so on.


title: Scopa

text: Obviously, the seven of coins is the most valuable card in the deck, as it alone contributes to all the four points. A player or team can win the "prime" even with only one seven but other useful cards. If one player has three sevens (3x21) and no cards of the fourth suit (sum=63), their opponent can win the "prime" with one seven (21) and three aces (3x16), for their sum would be 69. Therefore, it is a common tactic, while playing the game, to capture aces and sixes whenever possible.


title: Scopa

text: Likewise, if a player is holding a six and there are an ace, a two, a four, and a five on the table, they should choose the five plus the ace, unless they have already taken the seven or the six of the suit of the ace and unless one of the two remaining cards is of the coins suit and they have not made the point of coins yet.


title: Scopa

text: In addition to the four standard points (called ""punti di mazzo"", literally "deck's points"), teams are awarded additional points for every ""scopa"" they took during game play. A scopa is awarded when a team manages to sweep the table of all cards. That is, if the table contains only a 2 and a 4, and player A plays a 6, player A is awarded a "scopa". Clearing the table on the last play of the last hand of a round does not count as a scopa.


title: Scopa

text: The game is played until one team has at least 11 points and has a greater total than any other team. No points, including "scopa" points, are awarded mid-round; they are all calculated upon completion of the round. For that reason, if the current score is 10 to 9, and the team with 10 points captures the seven of coins or a "scopa", the team cannot immediately claim victory. It is still possible that the opposing team could end up with a tied or higher score once all points are calculated.


title: Scopa

text: In some Italian cities, before the game the players can agree to play with the "cappotto" variant. In that scenario, if a player is winning 7 points to 0 then the game can be considered over and the player does not have to reach the total of 11 points.


title: Scopa

text: It is also possible to agree on a different score, usually with increments of five or ten, e.g., 16, 21 or 31 points.


title: Scopa

text: Traditionally, one card from a sweep is turned face up in the captured cards, to remind players while calculating points that a scopa was won, and to taunt them. Many players deal the initial table cards in a 2x2 square.


title: Scopa

text: There are many variations of "scopa". Since there are no formal rules, it is good manners to agree with the other players on the rules that are to be used before starting a game.


title: Scopa

text: Many of the variations here can be combined. For example, a common variant in the Milan area combines ""Scopone scientifico"", ""Scopa d'Assi"" and ""Napola"".


title: Scopa

text: When playing with a standard 52-card pack with French suits, 12 cards need to be removed from the deck. Easiest for most new players is to remove the face cards, and therefore play with cards ranging numerically from one through ten. More traditional is to remove the eights, nines, and tens from the deck, which yields the 40-card ""Milanese"" deck. With the Milanese deck the Jack is 8, the Queen is 9, and the King is 10 (note that in some Neapolitan decks, the Jack is called "Lady" and is worth 8). Regardless of which cards are removed, the diamonds suit is used for the Italian coin suit, making capturing the most diamonds and the seven of diamonds each worth a point.


title: Scopa

text: In this variation of the game, playing an Ace captures all cards currently on the table (and does not count as a scopa).


title: Scopa

text: Depending on other chosen variants, it can happen that an ace is already on the table when one draws an ace. Rules vary as to whether or not the player will take all the cards, but usually, the player takes only the ace already on the table. This event, that every player will try to avoid, is called "burning an ace".


title: Scopa

text: The game of Scopone is based on "Scopa". In this game, which must be played in 2 teams of 2, players are dealt all nine of their cards at the start of each round. Play proceeds around the table until all players have played all of their cards.


title: Scopa

text: In another form of the game, the scopone scientifico, the players are dealt ten cards each so that none is left.


title: Scopa

text: In this variation (also known as "Scopone trentino"), a team capturing the ace, two, and three of coins achieves the "Napola" (aka "Napula") and is awarded additional points equal to the highest consecutive coin they obtain, e.g. if a team captures the ace, two, three, four, and five, and eight of coins, that team is awarded 5 additional points.


title: Scopa

text: Because of the higher number of points awarded per game, the game is played until one team has 21 points, rather than 11. Sometimes a team that manages to capture all 10 coins in a single round wins the game immediately.


title: Scopa

text: In the "Re Bello" ("Beautiful King") version, the King of coins also counts as a point, just as does the seven of coins.


title: Scopa

text: In some regions of Calabria (especially near Cosenza), a point is awarded for the seven of cups in addition to the seven of coins.


title: Scopa

text: In this variation, the played card does not take a card or set of cards that sum to the value of the card played. Rather, it takes any set of cards including itself that add to 15. If the table is A, 3, 5, 7, playing a 2 would take itself plus the A, 5 and 7 (A + 2 + 5 + 7 = 15).


title: Scopa

text: The game of Cirulla (in Ligurian or ) is the variant most commonly found in Liguria and bordering areas such as Lower Piedmont, and is usually played with the 40-card Genoese deck by 2, 3 or 4 players. This variant combines elements of traditional "Scopa", "Scopa a quindici", "Scopa d'assi" and "Napola", and awards additional points for special combinations held in the hand or captured.


title: Scopa

text: Each player is dealt three cards, and four cards are dealt to the table. If two or more aces are dealt to the table, the cards are collected, re-shuffled, and dealt again by the next dealer.


title: Scopa

text: When multiple types of captures are possible, players are always free to choose the one that suits them best, with the exception of the ace-capture which is unavailable when an ace is already on the table.


title: Scopa

text: There are two hand bonuses available which award points for certain combinations of the three cards held in the hand:


title: Scopa

text: Such bonuses must be declared before the player holding them has played their first card (typically this is done by knocking on the table) and the player making the announcement must reveal their hand and leave it turned up. For the rare cases in which a hand qualifies for both bonuses (e.g. when a player holds three threes), only the ten-point bonus is normally awarded, although variations to this rule exist.


title: Scopa

text: Two more bonuses are available to the dealer, as a way of balancing the fact that players in this role are generally at a disadvantage:


title: Scopa

text: For the purposes of the two hand bonuses and the two dealer bonuses, the '7' counts as a wildcard (in Ligurian , in Italian ) and can play the role of any other card that the player chooses, but only as long as doing so allows them to score one of these four bonuses. For instance, a player holding 'Q Q 7' may declare that the '7' is a queen, thus qualifying them for the ten-point bonus. The '7' will then keep its declared rank (in this example a queen, which has a value of nine) for the rest of the hand for the purposes of card capturing (and could therefore capture a '6' since ), but will then revert to being the '7'. On the other hand, a player holding 'Q K 7' is not allowed to take advantage of the '7' as a wildcard since, no matter what value it might be declared to have, this will not allow the player to score a bonus.


title: Scopa

text: Scoring works similarly to standard "Scopa", with points being awarded for having captured the most cards, the most diamonds, the '7', holding the best 'prime', and an extra point for each "scopa" ( ). Additionally:


title: Scopa

text: With such a high degree of point-awarding combinations and the possibility of scoring dozens of points in a single hand, "Cirulla" games are tense affairs, where seemingly desperate situations can be reversed in a matter of minutes. As a result, the game is typically played until a player (or team, if playing the 4-player partnership variant) reaches 51 points. However, if a player or team manages to capture all diamonds in one round, they win the game immediately.


title: Scopa

text: "Scopa" is very popular in Libya and is usually played as mentioned above, but some local variations are often added, such as:


title: Scopa

text: A number of variant point systems are used for calculating the prime, most of which produce the same order of hands. One notable variant that does not produce the same order is to count 0 points for each face card.


title: Scopa

text: There are apps for Android smartphones and the Nokia internet tablet running the Maemo operating system, as well as for iOS iPads and iPhones.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Amélie Simone Mauresmo (; born 5 July 1979) is a French former world No. 1 tennis player and tournament director. Mauresmo won two major singles titles at the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon Championships, and also won the silver medal in singles at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the singles title at the 2005 year-end championships.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo first attained the top ranking on 13 September 2004, holding it for five weeks on that occasion. She was known for her powerful one-handed backhand and strong net play. She officially announced her retirement from professional tennis on 3 December 2009, ending a career of 15 years. The following year, she started coaching several WTA and ATP players, including Andy Murray.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2015. In 2021, she was named the director of the French Open.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, slightly northwest of Paris. She began playing tennis at the age of four, after being inspired by Yannick Noah's win in the 1983 French Open on television. It was after his win that Mauresmo's parents bought her her first tennis racket. In 1998 Noah picked her on the French team for the Fed Cup. Her mother Françoise is a housewife and her father Francis, who died in March 2004, was an engineer. She has a brother, Fabien, who is an engineer.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: In 1996, Mauresmo won both the junior French Open and Wimbledon women's singles titles. She was named 1996 Junior World Champion by the International Tennis Federation.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: The unseeded Mauresmo reached the Australian Open final in 1999 with wins over three seeded players, including world No. 1, Lindsay Davenport, before falling to world No. 2, Martina Hingis. Mauresmo was only the second Frenchwoman ever to reach the Australian Open final; (Mary Pierce was the first, winning the championship in 1995). She was only the third Frenchwoman to reach any Grand Slam final during the Open Era.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: After the defeat of Davenport at the Australian Open, Mauresmo, 19 at the time, came out as gay to the international press. She "attributed her success on the court to coming to terms with her sexuality and finding love."


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo reached the semifinals at Wimbledon, where she lost to Serena Williams in three sets after winning the first set and up a break in the second set. She reached the quarterfinals of the three other Grand Slam tournaments and won three Tier I titles in Rome, Berlin, and Montreal.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo won a silver medal in singles at the Olympic Games in Athens, where she was defeated by Justine Henin in the final.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On 13 September 2004, Mauresmo became the first French tennis player to become world No. 1 since the computer rankings began in the 1970s. She held that ranking for five weeks and was the second woman, after Kim Clijsters, to have attained the top spot without having won a Grand Slam title.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo reached the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, but was defeated there by eventual champion Serena Williams.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the French Open, seeded third, Mauresmo was upset in the third round by the then little-known 17-year-old Ana Ivanovic, in three sets. Mauresmo had, at the Australian Open earlier in the year, become the first player to defeat the Serb in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament, winning in straight sets also in the third round.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the US Open, Mauresmo lost in the quarterfinals to Mary Pierce, in straight sets. That followed a semifinal loss to Lindsay Davenport at Wimbledon.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo claimed her first singles title at the WTA Tour Championships. She defeated Pierce in the final after losing to Pierce in a round-robin match at that tournament, in three sets.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the Australian Open, Mauresmo captured her first Grand Slam singles title, defeating Belgian former world No. 1 players, Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin, en route. Both opponents retired from their respective matches, Clijsters with a right ankle sprain in the third set of their semifinal and Henin from gastroenteritis in the final. Mauresmo was leading in both matches at the time of the retirements, by 6–1, 2–0 against Henin.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo then won her next two tournaments, the Open Gaz de France tournament in Paris (defeating Mary Pierce in the final) and the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Belgium (defeating Clijsters in the final).


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the Qatar Open in Doha, Mauresmo defeated Martina Hingis in a semifinal, 6–2, 6–2, but lost to Nadia Petrova in the final. Had she won the final, she would have immediately regained the world No. 1 ranking from Clijsters. Nonetheless, the outcome was sufficient to ensure Mauresmo's return to the world number-one ranking on 20 March 2006.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo then reached the semifinals of the Miami Open in Key Biscayne, Florida, where she lost to the eventual champion Svetlana Kuznetsova.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo lost in the fourth round of the French Open to Czech teenager Nicole Vaidišová, 6–7, 6–1, 6–2. Mauresmo next suffered a first-round loss at the Wimbledon warm-up tournament in Eastbourne. However, Mauresmo and Kuznetsova won the doubles title there, their first as a team and Mauresmo's second overall.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was the top seed at Wimbledon. She defeated Anastasia Myskina in a quarterfinal and Maria Sharapova in a semifinal, and then came back from one set down to defeat Henin in the final 2–6, 6–3, 6–4. The victory was Mauresmo's second Grand Slam singles title and the first on grass. She was also the first Frenchwoman since Suzanne Lenglen to win Wimbledon. She remains the most recent woman to win Wimbledon with a single-handed backhand. The Wimbledon final was notable because it was the first and only time in the decade that neither Williams sister qualified for the final.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: She then pulled out of the Fed Cup World Group I playoff tie against the Czech Republic due to a groin injury sustained during Wimbledon. She also withdrew from the Rogers Cup in Montreal.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Her next tournament was the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament in New Haven, Connecticut, where she lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport, 4–6, 5–7.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the US Open, Mauresmo lost to Sharapova in the semifinals 0–6, 6–4, 0–6. This was the first time in the open era that a female had lost two sets at love in a US Open semifinal.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo then reached the final of the China Open, losing to Kuznetsova. During the tournament, Mauresmo won 137 ranking points to help preserve her world no. 1 ranking and ended a nine-match losing streak to Davenport stretching back to January 2000 in Sydney.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: To conclude the year, Mauresmo reached the final of the WTA Tour Championships in Madrid, losing to Henin, 4–6, 3–6. Mauresmo finished the year ranked world No. 3, behind Henin and Sharapova.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo started the year in Australia with a quarterfinal loss to Jelena Janković at the Sydney International. At the Australian Open, Mauresmo lost in the fourth round to Lucie Šafářová, 4–6, 3–6, after winning her first three matches in straight sets.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo's next tournament was the Open Gaz de France, where she lost in the semifinals to Nadia Petrova, 7–5, 4–6, 6–7, after Mauresmo led 4–1 in the final set and had a match point in the tiebreak. This was Mauresmo's third loss in the last four matches with Petrova. In her next tournament at the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Mauresmo defeated Kim Clijsters in the final. This was Mauresmo's third consecutive title there, earning her the diamond-encrusted racquet that comes with winning the title at least three times in five years. The trophy cost US$1.3 million. Mauresmo then played the Dubai Open, where she lost to Justine Henin in the final.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On 16 March 2007, Mauresmo received the Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur from President Jacques Chirac.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was scheduled to play the Miami Open but was forced to withdraw because of acute appendicitis. She also withdrew from the Bausch & Lomb Championships in Amelia Island, Florida, for the same reason. Although she had resumed training, she was not fit enough to compete at the J & S Cup in Warsaw, Poland.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the German Open in Berlin, Mauresmo lost in the third round to Julia Vakulenko of Ukraine, and at the Rome Masters, she lost in the second round to Samantha Stosur, 7–5, 7–6, 6–7, after Mauresmo led 5–3 in the third set. Going into the French Open, Mauresmo had played only three tournaments since the end of February. Mauresmo lost to Czech Lucie Šafářová in the third round, 3–6, 6–7, committing eight double faults and 49 unforced errors.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: After losing to Henin in the final of the International Women's Open in Eastbourne, 5–7, 7–6, 6–7, after being up 4–1 in the deciding set, defending champion Mauresmo went into Wimbledon saying that she was ready to win another major title. However, she lost her fourth-round match against Czech teen Nicole Vaidišová, 6–7, 6–4, 1–6. The loss dropped her to world No. 6, her first time outside the top five since November 2003.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: She made her return to the tour at the China Open in Beijing. However, she lost in the quarterfinals to home-crowd favourite Peng Shuai. She then entered the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, where she lost to Elena Dementieva in straight sets. At the Kremlin Cup in Moscow, Mauresmo lost in the first round to Vera Zvonareva. In Zürich, Mauresmo lost in the second round to Alona Bondarenko in three sets.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Her first tournament of the year was the Tier III Australian Hardcourts in Gold Coast, where she lost in the quarterfinals to fourth-seeded Patty Schnyder. At the Australian Open in Melbourne, Mauresmo lost in the third round to Casey Dellacqua, 6–3, 4–6, 4–6.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At her next tournament, the Tier II Open Gaz de France in Paris, Mauresmo lost in the quarterfinals to Anna Chakvetadze, 6–3, 3–6, 3–6.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo played both tournaments in the Middle East. At the Tier I Qatar Open, she lost in the second round to Tamarine Tanasugarn, 6–7, 5–7. At the Tier II Dubai Tennis Championships, Mauresmo reached her third quarterfinal of the year but was unable to hold off the second seed and eventual finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova, losing 1–6, 6–7.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo then lost in the third round of Tier-I events, the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells and the Miami Open in Key Biscayne.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On clay at the Bausch & Lomb Championships in Amelia Island, Mauresmo lost in the quarterfinals to eventual runner-up Dominika Cibulková.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the French Open, Mauresmo lost in the second round to Spanish qualifier Carla Suárez Navarro, 3–6, 4–6.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the Eastbourne International, Mauresmo defeated sixth-seeded French woman Alizé Cornet in the first round, 6–1, 4–6, 7–5, but lost in the second round after retiring due to injury from her match with Sam Stosur while Mauresmo was leading 2–1.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At Wimbledon, Mauresmo lost in the third round to two-time former champion Serena Williams, 6–7, 1–6. Hampered by a thigh injury, Mauresmo trailed 5–0 in the second set before breaking Williams's serve, only to be broken herself in the next game and lose the match. Mauresmo said after the match, "I was not 100% in my movement but overall I thought there were some good moments in the first set. But I really started to feel the injury in the tiebreak, and I'm not going to talk about the second set."


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo declined the nomination by the French Tennis Federation to play in the Olympic Games after Mary Pierce withdrew. Pauline Parmentier was then nominated.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo, after a two-month hiatus from tennis due to a thigh injury sustained at Wimbledon, lost in the semifinals of the Cincinnati Open to Nathalie Dechy, 4–6, 6–3, 2–6. After the match, Mauresmo, sounding optimistic about her chances at the upcoming US Open, said "I got four matches in this week, which is what I was looking for. It would have been great to play five but I'll go to New Haven (Connecticut) hoping to find a little more rhythm and build-up to the US Open." Mauresmo then lost in the semifinals of the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament (in New Haven) to top-seeded Chakvetadze 3–6, 6–3, 1–6. At the US Open, Mauresmo lost in the fourth round to 16th-seeded Flavia Pennetta 3–6, 0–6.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo lost in the first round at Tokyo and Beijing, both times in long three-set defeats by Dominika Cibulková. She reached the second round in Moscow, falling to Dinara Safina, 7–6, 4–6, 4–6, and fell in the first round at Zurich to Belarusian teenager Victoria Azarenka.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: She ended her year with a quarterfinal result at Luxembourg, losing to eventual champion Elena Dementieva. Mauresmo ended the year ranked world No. 24, with a singles record of 32–19.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the Brisbane International tournament, Mauresmo defeated world no. 177 Jelena Dokić in the first round, 7–6, 7–6, before defeating French compatriot Julie Coin in the second round, 5–7, 6–2, 7–6 in 3 hours, 14 minutes. The fifth-seeded Mauresmo then defeated top-seeded Ana Ivanovic in the quarterfinals, before retiring in her semifinal match against third-seeded Marion Bartoli, while trailing 0–4 in the first set. At the Australian Open, Mauresmo lost in the third round to Victoria Azarenka.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo won her first tournament since 2007 by defeating Elena Dementieva in the final of the Open Gaz de France tournament in Paris.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo lost in the third round of the Indian Wells Open in California, the first Premier Mandatory event of the year, to Li Na, 5–7, 2–6. The next event on the WTA Tour was another Premier Mandatory tournament at Key Biscayne. Mauresmo was seeded 20th there and lost in the fourth round to unseeded Sam Stosur, 4–6, 4–6, but ended up winning the doubles event with her tennis partner Svetlana Kuznetsova, after ousting the world champions on their way to the cup.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the Madrid Masters, Mauresmo defeated Zheng Jie in the second round, 6–2, 7–5. She then came from behind to defeat Elena Dementieva, 1–6, 6–4, 6–2, and Ágnes Szávay, 5–7, 6–1, 6–1, in the third round and quarterfinal respectively. She lost against fast-rising teenager star Caroline Wozniacki, 6–7, 3–6, in the semifinals.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was the 17th seed at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. She opened with a 6–1, 4–6, 6–2 win over Melinda Czink. She then defeated Kristína Kučová and Flavia Pennetta. Her fourth-round match against the first seed Dinara Safina became a part of tennis history as it was the first competitive match in which the new, multimillion-pound roof closed due to rain. Mauresmo went on to lose the match, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the 2009 US Open, Mauresmo was the 17th seed but lost to unseeded Aleksandra Wozniak, 4–6, 0–6, in the second round.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo announced at a press conference on 8 October 2009 that she was considering retiring from tennis. On 3 December 2009, she officially announced her retirement at a press conference in Paris. She ended her career ranked world No. 21.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: In June and July 2010, Mauresmo temporarily coached fellow French player Michaël Llodra during the grass season.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On 7 November, Mauresmo ran her first marathon at the 2010 New York City Marathon, finishing 3hr: 40m: 20s.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: At the 2011 French Open, Mauresmo was set to be reunited with Llodra, making her professional return in the mixed doubles competition, but was disqualified before competing, as she had not re-registered for the anti-doping procedures required to compete on the tour.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: In 2012, Mauresmo joined forces with 2012 Australian Open champion and then-world No. 1, Victoria Azarenka, and her team as a support coach to help the Belarusian in defending her world No. 1 ranking and launching an assault on the remaining three Grand Slams of 2012 and the 2012 Olympics.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: In 2013, Mauresmo started coaching French No. 1, Marion Bartoli, joining forces with her shortly before the 2013 Wimbledon Championships. Under her tutelage, Bartoli would win her first Grand Slam title there without dropping a set (or even playing a tiebreak set), and credited her for her career revival (entering these Championships, Bartoli had yet to even reach a semi-final in 2013).


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On 8 June 2014, Mauresmo was announced as the new coach of Andy Murray. In December 2014, the FFT announced that it was extending Mauresmo's Fed Cup contract for another two years. Under her coaching Murray reached the 2015 Australian Open final but he lost to Novak Djokovic in four sets. In May 2015, Mauresmo oversaw Murray's first career titles on clay, including the 2015 Madrid Open, which culminated in a first-ever clay-court victory over Rafael Nadal. Murray also reached the semi-finals of the French Open and Wimbledon. Mauresmo gave birth to a son in August 2015, and was on maternity leave after Wimbledon until late in the year, with Murray coached by Jonas Björkman in Mauresmo's absence. In 2016, Mauresmo was back coaching Murray as he reached his fifth Australian Open final before losing to Djokovic in straight sets. Murray reached a semi-final at Monte Carlo where he lost to Nadal. Mauresmo's last tournament as Murray's coach was the 2016 Madrid Open, where Murray beat Nadal in the semi-final but then lost a close final to Djokovic. The next day, 9 May 2016, Mauresmo announced in Rome that she had stepped down as Murray's coach.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Simultaneously, she had captained the France Fed Cup team since 2013. After the 2016 final, which they lost to the Czech Republic, she announced she was quitting that post due to her second pregnancy.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: In June 2018, she was appointed captain of the France Davis Cup team for the following season. Nevertheless, she never came to fulfill this position, since at the end of the year she renounced in order to coach French player Lucas Pouille during the 2019 season.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Under Mauresmo's coaching, Pouille, who had never previously won a match at the Australian Open, reached the semifinals of the 2019 edition, where he lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic. Mauresmo and


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Pouille parted ways in October 2020, largely influenced by the changes in the tennis world and beyond following the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo was an aggressive player with an all-court game, who was noted for her technical mastery. Her strongest groundstroke was her one-handed backhand, which was one of the most effective on the WTA tour. Mauresmo could hit her backhand flat and with depth, with topspin, or with slice; her backhand was responsible for most of the winners she accumulated on court. Her forehand was more erratic, and players acquainted with Mauresmo's game would hit relentlessly to her forehand to try to force an error. Throughout her career, however, Mauresmo made improvements to her forehand, and, by 2005, it became a stroke she utilised more frequently and with more success. Her serve was powerful, with her first serve averaging 107 mph (172 km/h), and being recorded as high as 116 mph (186 km/h), enabling her to serve aces regularly. A reliable second serves, typically delivered at 92 mph (148 km/h), meant that double faults were uncommon. Mauresmo was one of the strongest net players on the WTA Tour, and would frequently choose to finish points at the net. An exceptional volleyer, she had deft touch at the net and had a complete repertoire of shots to perform there. Although not a net-rusher like Martina Navratilova or Billie Jean King, Mauresmo was a proficient serve and volleyer; this tactic was especially effective on grass courts. She was an aggressive returner, standing on the baseline to receive first serves, neutralising them effectively with a backhand down-the-line or an inside-out forehand. She would stand several feet within the baseline to receive second serves and could hit return winners frequently. Despite her exceptional skill, Mauresmo's greatest weakness was her lack of confidence, nerves, and inconsistency; these were discussed at length by the media throughout her career. Mauresmo's game was effective on all surfaces, and she won tournaments on all four surfaces.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Although Mauresmo had been one of the top singles players for several years, she did not have success in winning Grand Slam tournaments until 2006. Mauresmo was criticized for her mental strength after succumbing to nerves in those events. In consecutive Wimbledon semifinals, she lost to Serena Williams and Lindsay Davenport after leading comfortably. Before her 2006 Australian Open title, Mauresmo was often touted as "the greatest women's player never to win a Grand Slam." After winning the 2006 Wimbledon title, Mauresmo openly joked, "I don't want anyone to talk about my nerves any more."


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo is one of several tennis players, male or female, to have reached the top ranking without first winning a Grand Slam singles title. Other players who had done so were Kim Clijsters, Ivan Lendl, Marcelo Ríos, Jelena Janković, Dinara Safina, Caroline Wozniacki, Karolina Pliskova and Simona Halep.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: On 16 August 2015, Mauresmo announced that she had given birth to a baby boy named Aaron. She gave birth to her daughter, Ayla, on 26 April 2017.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

text: Mauresmo's apparel and footwear on court was manufactured by Nike, and later Reebok. In the early 2000s, she used Dunlop 200G+1.00 racquet.


title: Jet Set Radio Future

text: Much like its predecessor, "Jet Set Radio Future" received critical acclaim for its gameplay, music and art style. It won several awards and was nominated for many others. After its initial release, it was bundled with new Xbox consoles with "Sega GT 2002" on a dual-game DVD.


title: Jet Set Radio Future

text: "Jet Set Radio Future" plays similarly to "Jet Set Radio" in which the player controls a member of a gang of inline skaters called the GGs to gain control of a futuristic Tokyo. Players can grind through rails and poles, perform various tricks while grinding, perform various mid-air tricks, skate backwards, and use boosts on the ground and on rails in order to move faster. When a player is skating fast, they can come to a quick stop by performing an advanced inline-skating move called the powerslide.


title: Jet Set Radio Future

text: Much of the game requires the player to search for graffiti tags left by other gangs and spray over them with their own. To do this, players will need to collect spray cans littered across each stage. Spraying is more streamlined from the last game, with manual spraying over large tags replaced by multiple spray targets depending on the tag's size. Unlike "Jet Set Radio", there is no time limit and spray targets can be completed at any time.