title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: At the 2014 Games, Froning faced a strong challenge from new comer Mat Fraser. He struggled in the heat in the Triple-3 event, and had to walk part of the run course. At 37th place, it was his worst-ever finish in a CrossFit Games event. However, he finished strongly with three consecutive event wins in the final day to win a record fourth consecutive title. Froning retired from individual competition after this Games. He set the standard for the "Fittest Man on Earth" with his four consecutive CrossFit Games. In a documentary released in the summer of 2015, "Froning," documentary filmmakers from CrossFit, Inc., said that Froning was the Fittest Man in History.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: In each of the years since, Froning has qualified for Regionals as an individual; however, he chose to participate in the team competition instead, as part of the "Mayhem Freedom" team.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: Froning started competing as part of the CrossFit Mayhem/CrossFit Mayhem Freedom team in 2015 after he retired from individual competitions at the Games. He has been a constant in the team since 2015, although other members of the team have changed through the years. The team has won all the team competitions at the Games from 2015 to 2022 apart from 2017 when it came second, and 2020 when no team competition was held.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: Froning announced that he would retire from team competition in October 2022 after winning his sixth CrossFit Games team titles.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: Froning does not adhere to the Paleolithic diet nor Zone diet, both of which are popular in the CrossFit community. He states that he does not adhere to a specific diet plan, and does not count his calorie intake. He eats large amounts of peanut butter and drinks whole milk, both of which are not compliant with Paleo standards. During the day he typically does not eat an excessive amount, instead eating a large meal at night and drinking multiple Advocare protein shakes, combined with berries, almond milk, and peanut butter.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: He reports working out multiple times a day and, unlike other athletes, prefers not to take days off from training. Froning does not have a coach nor programmer who writes his workouts. Instead, he often finds an exceptional athlete to be his training partner, such as Games athletes Dan Bailey and James Hobart.


title: Rich Froning Jr.

text: Froning is a Christian. He has a tattoo on his side, that says "Galatians 6:14". Rich and his wife, Hillary, have adopted two daughters and a son.


title: Al Indelicato

text: Alphonse "Al" Indelicato (February 25, 1931 – May 5, 1981), also known as Sonny Red, was a powerful American caporegime in New York City's Bonanno crime family who was murdered with Dominick Trinchera and Philip Giaccone for planning to overthrow Bonanno boss Philip Rastelli.


title: Al Indelicato

text: Alphonse Indelicato was born in New York City. Indelicato's family came from Siculiana, in the province of Agrigento, Sicily. Indelicato was the father-in-law of Bonanno associate Salvatore Valenti and ex-son-in-law of Bonanno capo Charles Ruvolo. Indelicato was particularly fond of a pair of custom-made red leather cowboy boots, which may have been the source of his nickname "Sonny Red".


title: Al Indelicato

text: Indelicato was also related to Gerard Thomas Indelicato, an education adviser to Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis, and Giuseppe Indelicato, a heroin trafficker. Indelicato was married first to Ruvolo's daughter, with whom he fathered a son, Anthony "Bruno" Indelicato. Indelicato later married Margaret Elizabeth McFhadden, but the two later became estranged.


title: Al Indelicato

text: Indelicato was indicted in 1972 for the inquiry into the murder of Joe Gallo, but was released on $15,000 bail.


title: Al Indelicato

text: Joseph Massino began jockeying for power with Dominick "Sonny Black" Napolitano, another Philip Rastelli loyalist capo, after the 1979 murder of Carmine Galante. Both men were themselves threatened by another faction seeking to depose the absentee boss led by capos Indelicato, Dominick "Big Trin" Trincera and Philip Giaccone. The Commission initially tried to maintain neutrality, but in 1981, Massino got word from his informants that the three capos were stocking up on automatic weapons and planning to kill the Rastelli loyalists within the Bonanno family to take complete control. Massino turned to Colombo crime family boss Carmine Persico and Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano for advice; they told him to act immediately.


title: Al Indelicato

text: On May 5, 1981, Massino loyalists shot and killed Indelicato, Trinchera, and Giaccone, in a Brooklyn night club. On the pretext of working out a peace agreement, Massino had invited them to meet with him at the 20/20 Night Club in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn. However, Massino's real plan was to assassinate the capos. The ambush was set in the club store room, with Salvatore Vitale and three other gunmen wearing ski masks hiding in a closet. One of the gunmen was mobster Vito Rizzuto, who came from Montreal with another Canadian mobster to help Massino. Massino told the men to avoid shooting wildly so that bullets wouldn't spray around the room. Massino also brought drop cloths and ropes for disposing of the bodies afterwards.


title: Al Indelicato

text: When the capos arrived at the 20/20, Massino and Bonanno mobster Gerlando Sciascia and Frank Lino escorted them to the store room. As the men entered the room, Sciascia brushed his hand through his hair, giving the prearranged signal. Vitale and gunmen rushed out of the closet, with Rizzuto yelling "it's a hold up". Massino immediately punched Giaccone, knocking him to the floor, and also stopping Indelicato from escaping. Giaconne got up and tried to run out of the room, but was blocked up against a wall with Trinchera. The gunmen killed Giaccone with a volley of submachine gun fire. They then turned their weapons on Indelicato and Trinchera. The three capos were unarmed, as was the rule when attending a peace meeting.


title: Al Indelicato

text: After the killings, the Bonanno gunmen transported the three bodies to a lot in Lindenwood, Queens, in an area known as The Hole.


title: Al Indelicato

text: The lot was a Gambino mob graveyard; Gambino capo John Gotti arranged for his men to bury the bodies there as a favor to Massino. A few weeks later, on May 28, authorities discovered Indelicato's body and removed it from the lot.


title: Al Indelicato

text: In October 2004, after some children reported finding a body in the Lindenwood lot, FBI agents excavated the property and discovered the bodies of Trinchera and Giaccone. Among the personal items they unearthed was a Piaget watch that had belonged to Giaccone's wife. In December 2004, the bodies were positively identified as Giaccone and Trinchera.


title: Al Indelicato

text: On June 23, 2005, Massino, then a government witness to avoid the death penalty, pleaded guilty to several murders including those of Giaccone, Trinchera, and Indelicato. He received two life sentences in prison. On May 4, 2007, after being extradited to the United States, Rizzuto pleaded guilty in a Brooklyn court to reduced charges in the murder of three capos and was sentenced to ten years in state prison.


title: Al Indelicato

text: After his father's murder, Indelicato's son, Anthony, went into hiding in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Massino wanted to kill him also, but he had missed the meeting. His father brought Lino instead, who was the sole survivor of the massacre. Lino, who had escaped, was quickly won over to Massino's side. Napolitano assigned associate Donnie Brasco, who he hoped to make a made man, to kill Indelicato. "Brasco", however, was in fact an undercover FBI agent named Joseph Pistone; shortly after the hit was ordered, Pistone's assignment was ended and Napolitano was informed of their infiltration.


title: 1999–2000 NBA season

text: The 1999–2000 NBA season was the 54th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Los Angeles Lakers winning the NBA championship, beating the Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2 in the 2000 NBA Finals. This would also be Charles Barkley’s final season in the NBA.


title: 1999–2000 NBA season

text: Teams in bold advanced to the next round. The numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's seeding in its conference, and the numbers to the right indicate the number of games the team won in that round. The division champions are marked by an asterisk. Home court advantage does not necessarily belong to the higher-seeded team, but instead the team with the better regular season record; teams enjoying the home advantage are shown in italics.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Arianny Celeste (born Penelope López Márquez on November 12, 1985) () is an American ring girl and model. She is a co-host on TV show "Overhaulin'" and has been in "Playboy" magazine.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Celeste was born on November 12, 1985, in Las Vegas, Nevada. She is of Mexican and Filipino descent. "Arianny" is a nickname she was given as a child. She attended Eldorado High School and attended college at UNLV, where she majored in fitness management and nutrition.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2009, she won her second consecutive title at the 2nd World MMA Awards as Celeste become the "2009 Ring Girl of the Year".


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2010, Celeste became the World MMA Awards "2010 Ring Girl of the Year", making it her third consecutive title.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: At the 4th World MMA Awards in 2011, Celeste was voted the "2011 Ring Girl of the Year" again beating Brittney Palmer. This made it her 4th consecutive award.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2012, Celeste was nominated for the "2012 Ring Girl of the Year" award at the World MMA Awards. Celeste lost out to Brittney Palmer who became the first person other than Celeste to win the award.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Celeste was nominated again in 2013 as she looked to win the "Ring Girl of the Year" crown back from Palmer. Celeste further lost out to Palmer. This was Celeste's second consecutive loss.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2014, Celeste and Palmer were both nominated for the "2014 Ring Girl of the Year" at the World MMA Awards. Celeste regained her title as the "Ring Girl of the Year" making it her fifth time to have won the award and breaking a new record.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2015, former UFC bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey argued "Either the ring card girls are paid too much, or the fighters aren't paid enough." UFC ring girls are reputedly paid $18,000 a year. This excludes jobs outside the UFC, like modeling. Arianny Celeste protested, calling Rousey a "big bully". Celeste argued that being a ring girl is harder than it seems.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Celeste has modeled for magazines such as "Maxim", "FHM", "Playboy", "Sports Illustrated", and "Fighter's Only Magazine".


title: Arianny Celeste

text: "Maxim" voted her "The Hottest UFC Octagon Girl" in the May 2010 issue where she was featured as the cover model. Arianny also appears in Maxim's Hot 100 list for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014; she placed #23, #69, #58, #18 and #59 respectively on the list.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Celeste posed nude for the November 2010 issue of "Playboy", which was one of top-selling issues that year.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: The UFC premiered a new weekly, web-only show called "UFC Ultimate Insider" on July 29, 2010. Celeste serves as host for the show, with Joe Rogan interviewing various UFC fighters. It also features updates on upcoming matches, PPV's, as well as highlights from previous events. The first episode featured a new photo shoot with Celeste.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: Celeste was the co-host of TV series "Overhaulin'". She appeared in seven episodes from 2014 to 2015.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: "Hooters" invited Celeste to be a judge at the 2011 Hooters International Swimsuit Pageant. Celeste is featured as an Octagon girl in video games "UFC Undisputed 2010", "UFC Undisputed 3", "EA Sports UFC" and "EA Sports UFC 2".


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In September 2009, high school senior Conner Cordova, a fan of mixed martial arts, asked Celeste to attend his prom with him in a series of three YouTube videos. Celeste agreed, provided that he found a date for her friend. However, Celeste was unable to appear due to her schedule, so the plan changed to attending another dance. That also proved impossible, so Cordova and Celeste sponsored their own event, which doubled as a fundraiser for victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: In 2013, Celeste, along with female mixed martial artists from various promotions, auctioned their sports bras on eBay to raise money for breast cancer research.


title: Arianny Celeste

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, she organized a GoFundMe fundraiser to provide medical Protective equipment for the Centennial Hospital in Las Vegas and other related hospitals.


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: The final of the 1983 Cricket World Cup was played between India and the West Indies at Lord's on 25 June 1983. This was the third consecutive World Cup final appearance for the West Indies, having won the last two Cricket World Cups. India, playing in their first final, defeated the West Indies to claim their first World Cup title.


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: The match was the third consecutive World Cup final hosted at Lord's, following those in 1975 and 1979. India was making their first appearance at a World Cup final after defeating England by 6 wickets in the first semi-finals. This was also the first appearance by an Asian nation in a World Cup final. The West Indies had reached a third consecutive final after defeating Pakistan by 8 wickets in the second semi-final and were looking for their third consecutive World Cup win.


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: After losing the toss, India was asked to bat first against a West Indies team that arguably boasted the world's best bowling attack. Sunil Gavaskar, who had a generally unsuccessful tournament, got dismissed early on for two. A partnership between Krishnamachari Srikkanth and Mohinder Amarnath took India past the 50 mark, before the former was taken lbw by Marshall. Amarnath was then bowled by Holding for 26, and only two more runs were made before Yashpal Sharma fell. Kapil Dev, the Indian captain, took 8 balls to reach 15, but was caught off the bowling of Larry Gomes; while Kirti Azad fell for a duck, leaving India at 111/6. Roger Binny was caught on two, while Sandeep Patil made 27 to get India to 153/8. All rounder Madan Lal soon followed for 17, and 10th wicket partnership made 22 runs before Michael Holding bowled Syed Kirmani for 14. India were thus bowled out for 183 in 54.4 overs, which many thought was easily reachable. Andy Roberts had claimed three wickets, and Malcolm Marshall, Michael Holding and Larry Gomes took two wickets each


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: The West Indies set out to chase the low target of 184, but lost an early wicket when Balwinder Sandhu famously clean bowled Gordon Greenidge. Desmond Haynes and Viv Richards, batted smoothly past 50, but both batsmen were removed by the bowling of Madan Lal, leaving the West Indies at 57/3. Lal soon claimed a third wicket - that of Gomes - and Dev then caught West Indies captain Clive Lloyd, leaving the West Indies at 66/5. Ten runs later, Faoud Bacchus was removed by Sandhu. Jeff Dujon and Malcolm Marshall put on a partnership of 43 runs before Amarnath dismissed them on 119 and 124 respectively. Soon, Kapil Dev trapped Andy Roberts for an lbw, and Amarnath got Michael Holding out LBW. The West Indies were thus all out for 140, and India had won their maiden Cricket World Cup by 43 runs. The Indian bowlers had completed one of the biggest upsets in cricket history, defeating the previously invincible West Indies. Both Amarnath and Lal had taken three wickets for India, while Sandhu claimed two. Amarnath was awarded the Man of the Match for his all-round performance. There was no "Man of the Series" award in 1983.


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: Fall of wickets 1-2 (Sunil Gavaskar), 2–59 (Krishnamachari Srikkanth), 3–90 (Mohinder Amarnath), 4–92 (Yashpal Sharma), 5–110 (N Kapil Dev), 6–111 (Kirti Azad), 7–130 (Roger Binny), 8–153 (Sandeep Patil), 9–161 (Madan Lal), 10–183 (Syed Kirmani)


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup Final

text: Fall of wickets 1-5 (Greenidge), 2-50 (Haynes), 3-57 (Richards), 4-66 (Gomes), 5-66 (Lloyd), 6-76 (Bacchus), 7-119 (Dujon), 8-124 (Marshall), 9-126 (Roberts), 10-140 (Holding)


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: David Mackenzie (born 10 May 1966) is a Scottish film director and co-founder of the Glasgow-based production company Sigma Films. He has made ten feature films including "Young Adam" (2003), "Hallam Foe" (2007), "Perfect Sense" (2011) and "Starred Up" (2013). In 2016, Mackenzie's film "Hell or High Water" premiered at Cannes and was theatrically released in the United States in August. The same year he executive produced "Damnation", a TV pilot for Universal and USA Network. Mackenzie also directed "Outlaw King" (2018), a historical film for Netflix.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: After studying at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design in Dundee, Mackenzie began his directorial career with a series of well-regarded shorts, the first being "Dirty Diamonds" (1994). After that came "California Sunshine" (1997), "Somersault" (1999) and "Marcie's Dowry" (2000). All were nominated for and won numerous awards internationally.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Mackenzie's debut feature film is titled "The Last Great Wilderness" (2002). His brother, actor Alastair Mackenzie, plays a character looking to exact revenge by burning down his wife's lover's house in the Highlands. The film begins as a comedy gangster thriller, then wanders into horror film territory before subverting all expectations and delivering something altogether different instead. It premiered at TIFF in 2002.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: He followed this with his acclaimed adaptation of Scots beat writer Alexander Trocchi's cult novel, "Young Adam" (2003). It features Ewan McGregor as a young drifter working on a river barge as he disrupts his employers' lives while hiding the fact that he knows more about a dead woman found in the river than he admits. Tilda Swinton, Peter Mullan and Emily Mortimer also star. The film premiered in the Un Certain Regard, Cannes 2003, and played TIFF and Telluride, winning Best Film and Best Director at the 2004 BAFTA Scotland awards. Tilda Swinton and Ewan McGregor both won Scottish BAFTAs for their performances. The film also won the Michael Powell Award for Best British Feature at EIFF, and British Newcomer of the Year at the London Critics Circle Awards and was nominated for four BIFA nominations and several European Film Academy Awards.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: In 2005 Mackenzie directed "Asylum", adapted from Patrick McGrath's book and starring Natasha Richardson, Sir Ian McKellen, Hugh Bonneville and Marton Coskas. It follows Richardson's character as she becomes very curious about one of her psychiatrist husband's inmates, a man who was found guilty in the murder and disfigurement of his former wife. It was nominated for Berlin's Golden Bear and won the Prize of the Guild of German Art House Cinemas at the 2005 Berlin International Film Festival.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Next, Mackenzie directed the highly regarded "Hallam Foe", starring Jamie Bell and Sophia Myles. The film is adapted from the book by Peter Jinks and follows the voyeuristic title character as he runs away to Edinburgh and becomes transfixed by a beautiful woman who looks uncannily like his late mother. Again, this film won many awards including a Silver Bear in Berlin 2007, the Golden Hitchcock and Kodak Award for Cinematography at the Dinard Festival 2007, and the 2008 National Board of Review Award for Top Independent Film, as well as numerous other awards.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: In 2009 he directed the sex satire "Spread", which marked Mackenzie's first feature in the US. The film follows Ashton Kutcher's LA gigolo as he begins living with a rich older client played by Anne Heche. Spread had its premiere at Sundance.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Mackenzie followed this by returning to Glasgow to make sci-fi romance "Perfect Sense" (2011). The film follows a burgeoning romance between Ewan McGregor and Eva Green against the backdrop of a global pandemic of people losing their senses one by one. The film premiered at Sundance Film Festival in 2011 and picked up awards at film festivals around the world including Edinburgh, Bratislava and Philadelphia International Film Festivals.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: After "Perfect Sense", Mackenzie directed the comedy musical "You Instead" (2011) [released as "Tonight You're Mine" in the United States]. The film stars Luke Treadaway and Natalia Tena as two rival rock stars who get handcuffed together for 24 hours at a music festival where they're both due to perform. It was filmed over five days at the Scottish music festival T in the Park in 2010. The cast and crew had to adopt a kind of guerrilla filmmaking approach to shoot amidst the chaos of a music festival. It premiered at both T in the Park in 2011 and Austin based music and film festival SXSW.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Mackenzie's next film was the prison drama "Starred Up" (2013). It features Jack O'Connell as a young offender who is moved into an adult prison where his estranged and incarcerated father resides. O'Connell stars alongside Ben Mendelsohn and Rupert Friend. The film is based on the writer Jonathan Asser's experiences as a voluntary therapist in HM Prison Wandsworth. It premiered at Telluride 2013 and went on to win numerous awards, including the BAFTA Scotland 2014 Best Film and Best Director Awards, get nominated for seven BIFAs and holds a remarkable 99% Rotten Tomatoes score.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Mackenzie returned to the States to make "Hell or High Water" (2016), starring Chris Pine, Jeff Bridges and Ben Foster. The film follows two brothers (Pine and Foster) as they go on a bank robbing spree across Texas, whilst being pursued by a Texas Ranger (Bridges) and his partner (Gil Birmingham). The film premiered in the 2016 Cannes Un Certain Regard competition, and was met with critical acclaim internationally. It was the highest grossing independent film of 2016 and its achievements have been recognised with four Academy Award nominations - including Best Picture - and several Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: In late 2016, Mackenzie directed a TV pilot called "Damnation" for Universal Cable Productions and the USA Network. Described as an epic saga of the secret history of the 1930s American heartland, it chronicles the mythic conflict and bloody struggle between big money and the downtrodden, God and greed, charlatans and prophets. "Damnation" was picked up to series by the USA Network in May 2017 and was released by Netflix outside of the US.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: In 2018 Mackenzie's tenth feature, "Outlaw King" starring Chris Pine, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Florence Pugh and Billy Howle, was released on Netflix. The film tells the true David and Goliath story of Scottish king Robert the Bruce as he fights to repel the occupying English army. The film is produced by Gillian Berrie and Sigma Films.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: On 30 June 2020 Mackenzie's short titled "What is Essential?" debuted on Netflix as part of their anthology series "Homemade", which follows stories from 17 filmmakers from around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. The short was co-devised with his daughter Ferosa and follows her experience turning 16 under lockdown.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Mackenzie lives in Scotland with his partner Hazel Mall and their three children: Ferosa, Luke and Arthur.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: His father was Royal Navy Rear Admiral David John Mackenzie (3 October 1929 – 26 November 2015) who served from 1943 to 1984 and fought in Falklands War, and his mother was Ursula Sybil Balfour (31 January 1940 – 11 July 2015). They were married in 1965, until their deaths in 2015.


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Along with producer Gillian Berrie, David Mackenzie is a partner in Sigma Films. As well as producing Mackenzie's own films, the company has produced other directors' pictures including Andrea Arnold's "Red Road" (2006), Jonathan Glazer's "Under The Skin" (2013), Lars von Trier's "Dogville" (2003) and Robert Carlyle's "The Legend of Barney Thomson" (2015).


title: David Mackenzie (director)

text: Sigma Films founded the production and post-production facility Film City Glasgow and runs Jumpcut, a new-entrants scheme dedicated to providing a fast-track into the screen industries for young and disadvantaged people.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Kay Kendall (21 May 1927 – 6 September 1959) was an English actress and comedienne. She began her film career in the musical film "London Town" (1946), a financial failure. Kendall worked regularly until her appearance in the comedy film "Genevieve" (1953) brought her widespread recognition. Prolific in British films, Kendall also achieved some popularity with American audiences, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her role in the musical-comedy film "Les Girls" (1957).


title: Kay Kendall

text: She began a romantic relationship with actor Rex Harrison after they appeared together in the comedy film "The Constant Husband" (1955) and they were married in 1957. Harrison learned from Kendall's doctor that she had been diagnosed with myeloid leukaemia, a fact that was kept from Kendall, who believed she was suffering from an iron deficiency. The actor cared for Kendall until her death at the age of 32.


title: Kay Kendall

text: She was born Justine Kay Kendall McCarthy, at Stanley House, Hull Road, in Withernsea, a coastal resort in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Kendall's father was Terrence "Terry" McCarthy (a.k.a. Terry Kendall), the vaudevillian son of music hall star Marie Kendall. Kay's mother was the former Gladys Drewery.


title: Kay Kendall

text: She had two elder siblings, Terrence Justin "Terry" Kendall McCarthy (born 1923) and Patricia Kim "Pat" Kendall McCarthy (a.k.a. Kim Kendall, born 1925). By her father's second marriage to his professional dancing partner, Dora Spencer, she had a younger half-brother, Cavan Spencer Kendall McCarthy (a.k.a. Cavan Kendall) (1942–1999). Young Justine attended various schools, including St Leonard's (Brighton), St Margaret's (near Oban, Scotland), and the Lydia Kyasht Dancing Academy (London).


title: Kay Kendall

text: Her first major screen role was in the 1946 musical "London Town", one of the more expensive flops in British film history. She co-starred with Petula Clark again in the drama film "Dance Hall" (1950), and was featured in a quick succession of minor films before achieving fame in "Genevieve" (1953).


title: Kay Kendall

text: She followed this film with the even more popular first film in the "Doctor" series, the comedy "Doctor in the House" (1954) with her friend Dirk Bogarde. She was under contract to the Rank Organisation but unhappy with the parts offered, turning down "Value for Money" (1955), "As Long as They're Happy" (1955) and "Doctor at Sea" (1955).


title: Kay Kendall

text: She appeared in the drama "Simon and Laura" (1955) with Peter Finch; the comedy "Abdulla the Great" (1955) with Sydney Chaplin and Gregory Ratoff; and the epic historical film "The Adventures of Quentin Durward" (1955), with Robert Taylor and Robert Morley. In October and November 1957, she appeared in two episodes of the short-lived American television series "The Polly Bergen Show". and also starred as herself in Series 3 episode 17 of "The Phil Silvers Show" on 17 January 1958. The production title was Phil Silvers Presents Kay Kendall.


title: Kay Kendall

text: In 1958, Kendall won a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Lady Sybil Wren in "Les Girls" the story of three showgirls in postwar Paris (with Mitzi Gaynor and Taina Elg). The following year she starred opposite Harrison in the comedy "The Reluctant Debutante".


title: Kay Kendall

text: Kendall died in 1959, aged 32, soon after completing her last film, the comedy "Once More, with Feeling!" (1960), starring opposite Yul Brynner.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Stanley Donen, who produced and directed "Once More, with Feeling!", said: "She was completely unpredictable. She was an instinctive comedienne with a real clown sense. No one has had it since Carole Lombard – and Kay was a better actress."


title: Kay Kendall

text: "As they say about crime victims, Kay Kendall was in the wrong place at the wrong time", wrote Rhoda Koenig, a critic writing for "The Independent" in 2006. "In her case, the crime was a waste of talent. One of the most delightful of British actresses...few of her films gave her a chance to shine. A natural screwball heroine, Kendall was born too late for the 1930s comedies in which she would have been the equal of the scatty but scintillating Carole Lombard or Claudette Colbert, and too soon for the naughtiness and absurdity of the 1960s...Kendall was beautiful and funny. She was a true comedienne, unafraid to compromise her ladylike appearance with pratfalls, pop eyes and comic drunk scenes. Kendall could get away with such antics without looking vulgar.”


title: Kay Kendall

text: Early in her career, Kendall had a lengthy romance with actor Sydney Chaplin, the second son of actor Charlie Chaplin by his second wife, actress Lita Grey. She also had affairs with a Swedish prince and grocery heir James Sainsbury and reportedly had a romance with the future Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.


title: Kay Kendall

text: In 1955, she starred opposite Rex Harrison in "The Constant Husband", and they had an affair. Harrison was married to actress Lilli Palmer at the time. However, when he learned from Kendall's doctor that she had been diagnosed with myeloid leukaemia, he and Palmer agreed to divorce so that he could marry Kendall and provide for her care. Kendall married Harrison in 1957.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Kendall never was told of her illness and believed she merely had an iron deficiency. Regarding the divorce, Palmer said she was not upset because she had a lover too. Palmer and Harrison planned to remarry after Kendall's death, but Palmer fell in love with her companion, actor Carlos Thompson, and married him.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Kendall's gravesite is in the churchyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church. Part of the inscription on her gravestone reads "KATE / Deeply loved wife of / REX". In September 2013 her final resting place was restored by the Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Kendall's life is recounted in the 2002 biography "The Brief, Madcap Life of Kay Kendall" by Eve Golden and Kim Elizabeth Kendall.


title: Kay Kendall

text: Situated near where Kendall once lived, the late 19th-century lighthouse in Withernsea houses a museum that contains exhibits dedicated to local history, including a memorial to Kendall and displays of many artifacts and photographs associated with her life and times.


title: Kay Kendall

text: On 6 September 2014, a blue plaque commemorating Kay Kendall was erected by the Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America and unveiled at her former home in Withernsea to mark the 55th anniversary of her death.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: Veerappa Gangaiah Siddhartha Hegde ( – 29 July 2019) was an Indian businessman from Karnataka. He was the founder of the cafe chain Café Coffee Day and served as its chairman and managing director. He also served on the board of directors of Mindtree, GTV, Liqwid Krystal, Way2wealth Brokers, Coffee Day Natural Resources, and Way2wealth Securities.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: After going missing on the evening of 29 July 2019, his body was found by three fishermen at the Hoige Bazaar beach, near the mouth of the river Nethravati on 31 July 2019.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: Veerappa Gangaiah Siddhartha Hegde was born to Gangaiah Hegde in the Malenadu region of Chikkamagaluru district in Karnataka State. He hailed from a very affluent family of coffee planters belonging to the Vokkaliga community. He received a master's degree in economics from St. Aloysius College and Mangalore University, Karnataka.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: At the age of 24, he joined J M Financial Limited in 1983–1984 in Mumbai as a management trainee/intern in portfolio management and securities trading on the Indian stock market. After two years, he returned to Bangalore. With capital given by his father, Siddhartha bought stocks worth ₹30,000 and started the company Sivan Securities. In 1999, it was renamed Way2wealth Securities Ltd. Its venture capital division came to be known as Global Technology Ventures (GTV).


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: He established his coffee trading company ABC in Karnataka 1993, with a ₹6 crore turnover. He bought an ailing coffee curing unit in Hassan for ₹4 crore and improved it. The company now has the largest curing capacity in India at 75,000 tonnes.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: He was the first entrepreneur in Karnataka to set up a café in 1996 (Café Coffee Day, a chain of "youth hangout" coffee parlors). By 2018, the chain had over 1700 cafés in India. His cafes attract 40,000 to 50,000 visitors a week.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: Siddhartha also held board seats in GTV, Mindtree, Liqwid Krystal, Way2Wealth, and Ittiam. In 2000, he founded Global Technology Ventures Ltd, a company that identifies, invests in, and mentors Indian companies engaged in technologies. GTV set up Global Village Tech Park on a plot as an incubator park in Bangalore, providing office space, communication links, recreational facilities, and a commercial centre. In 1999, GTV was valued by BankAm at $100 million.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: The Dark Forest Furniture Company is named after V. G. Siddhartha's Kathale Kaad (Dark Forest in Kannada) estate in Chikmagalur.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: Sical Logistics Ltd, a logistics company founded in India in 1955, was acquired by Coffee Day group in 2011.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: On 21 September 2017, a tax raid was conducted at more than 20 of V. G. Siddhartha's locations in Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Chikmagalur by senior officers of the Income Tax Department of Karnataka and Goa regions.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: Siddhartha was married to Malavika Krishna and had two children Amartya Hegde and Ishaan Hegde. His son Amartya married D. K. Shivakumar's daughter Aishwarya Shivakumar on 14 February 2021. Siddhartha was the son-in-law of S. M. Krishna, the former Chief Minister of Karnataka, Indian Minister for External Affairs and Governor of Maharashtra.


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: On the evening of 29 July 2019, he told his driver to stop as they approached the bridge over the Nethravati River in Ullal, Mangalore. He directed the driver to wait for him at the other end of the bridge giving an impression that he wanted to take a stroll. The driver reported to the police that he did not show up even after an hour; which led to a search of the area for him. The Indian Coast Guard and National Disaster Response Force eventually joined a search. A letter, apparently written by Siddhartha and addressed to his company board, shareholders, and family, surfaced a few hours after he went missing. This letter detailed the unbearable pressure he was subjected to over the years and the harassment he faced under the "previous" Director General of Income Tax (Investigation) (referred to as DG in the letter).


title: V. G. Siddhartha

text: His body was found at the Hoige Bazaar beach on 31 July around 6:30 am by local fishermen who informed the police. His body was cremated at Chethanahalli coffee estate owned by his family in Chikkamagalur district on 31 July 2019.


title: Synthetic language

text: A synthetic language uses inflection or agglutination to express syntactic relationships within a sentence. Inflection is the addition of morphemes to a root word that assigns grammatical property to that word, while agglutination is the combination of two or more morphemes into one word. The information added by morphemes can include indications of a word's grammatical category, such as whether a word is the subject or object in the sentence. Morphology can be either relational or derivational.


title: Synthetic language

text: While a derivational morpheme changes the lexical categories of words, an inflectional morpheme does not. In the first example below, the adjective "fast" followed by the suffix "-er" yields "faster", which is still an adjective. However, the verb "teach" followed by the suffix "-er" yields "teacher", which is a noun. The first case is an example of inflection and the latter derivation.


title: Synthetic language

text: In synthetic languages, there is a higher morpheme-to-word ratio than in analytic languages. Analytic languages have a lower morpheme-to-word ratio, higher use of auxiliary verbs, and greater reliance on word order to convey grammatical information. The two subtypes of synthetic languages are agglutinating languages and fusional languages. These can be further divided into polysynthetic languages (most polysynthetic languages are agglutinative, although Navajo and other Athabaskan languages are often classified as fusional) and oligosynthetic languages.


title: Synthetic language

text: Language exhibits synthesis in two ways: derivational and relational morphology. These methods of synthesis refer to the ways in which morphemes, the smallest grammatical units in a language, are bound together. Derivational and relational morphology represent opposite ends of a spectrum; that is, a single word in a given language may exhibit varying degrees of both of them simultaneously. Similarly, some words may have derivational morphology while others have relational morphology. Some linguists, however, consider relational morphology to be a type of derivational morphology, which may complicate the classification.


title: Synthetic language

text: In derivational synthesis, morphemes of different types (nouns, verbs, affixes, etc.) are joined to create new words. That is, in general, the morphemes being combined are more concrete units of meaning. The morphemes being synthesized in the following examples either belong to a particular grammatical class – such as adjectives, nouns, or prepositions – or are affixes that usually have a single form and meaning:


title: Synthetic language

text: In relational synthesis, root words are joined to bound morphemes to show grammatical function. In other words, it involves the combination of more abstract units of meaning than derivational synthesis. In the following examples note that many of the morphemes are related to voice (e.g. passive voice), whether a word is in the subject or object of the sentence, possession, plurality, or other abstract distinctions in a language:


title: Synthetic language

text: Agglutinating languages have a high rate of agglutination in their words and sentences, meaning that the morphological construction of words consists of distinct morphemes that usually carry a single unique meaning. These morphemes tend to look the same no matter what word they are in, so it is easy to separate a word into its individual morphemes. Note that morphemes may be bound (that is, they must be attached to a word to have meaning, like affixes) or free (they can stand alone and still have meaning).


title: Synthetic language

text: Fusional languages are similar to agglutinating languages in that they involve the combination of many distinct morphemes. However, morphemes in fusional languages are often assigned several different lexical meanings, and they tend to be fused together so that it is difficult to separate individual morphemes from one another.


title: Synthetic language

text: Polysynthetic languages are considered the most synthetic of the three types because they combine multiple stems as well as other morphemes into a single continuous word. These languages often turn nouns into verbs. Many Native Alaskan and other Native American languages are polysynthetic.


title: Synthetic language

text: Oligosynthetic languages are a theoretical notion created by Benjamin Whorf. Such languages would be functionally synthetic, but make use of a very limited array of morphemes (perhaps just a few hundred). The concept of an oligosynthetic language type was proposed by Whorf to describe the Native American language Nahuatl, although he did not further pursue this idea. Though no natural language uses this process, it has found its use in the world of constructed languages, in auxlangs such as aUI.


title: Synthetic language

text: Synthetic languages combine ("synthesize") multiple concepts into each word. Analytic languages break up ("analyze") concepts into separate words. These classifications comprise two ends of a spectrum along which different languages can be classified. The present-day English is seen as analytic, but it used to be fusional. Certain synthetic qualities (as in the inflection of verbs to show tense) were retained.


title: Synthetic language

text: The distinction is, therefore, a matter of degree. The most analytic languages consistently have one morpheme per word, while at the other extreme, in polysynthetic languages such as some Native American languages a single inflected verb may contain as much information as an entire English sentence.


title: Synthetic language

text: In order to demonstrate the nature of the analytic–synthetic–polysynthetic classification as a "continuum", some examples are shown below.


title: Synthetic language

text: However, with rare exceptions, each syllable in Mandarin (corresponding to a single written character) represents a morpheme with an identifiable meaning, even if many of such morphemes are bound. This gives rise to the common misconception that Chinese consists exclusively of "words of one syllable". As the sentence above illustrates, however, even simple Chinese words such as "míngtiān" 'tomorrow' ("míng" "next" + "tīan" "day") and "péngyou" 'friend' (a compound of "péng" and "yǒu", both of which mean 'friend') are synthetic compound words.


title: Synthetic language

text: The Chinese language of the Classic works, and of Confucius for example, is more strictly monosyllabic (and southern dialects to a certain extent): each character represents one word. The evolution of modern Mandarin Chinese was accompanied by a reduction in the total number of phonemes. Words which previously were phonetically distinct became homophones. Many disyllabic words in modern Mandarin are the result of joining two related words (such as péngyou, literally "friend-friend") in order to resolve the phonetic ambiguity. A similar process is observed in some English dialects. For instance, in the Southern dialects of American English, it is not unusual for the short vowel sounds [ɪ] and [ɛ] to be indistinguishable before nasal consonants: thus the words "pen" and "pin" are homophones (see pin-pen merger). In these dialects, the ambiguity is often resolved by using the compounds "ink-pen" and "stick-pin", in order to clarify which "p*n" is being discussed.


title: Synthetic language

text: Haspelmath and Michaelis observed that analyticity is increasing in a number of European languages. In the German example, the first phrase makes use of inflection, but the second phrase uses a preposition. The development of preposition suggests the moving from synthetic to analytic.


title: Synthetic language

text: It has been argued that analytic grammatical structures are easier for adults learning a foreign language. Consequently, a larger proportion of non-native speakers learning a language over the course of its historical development may lead to a simpler morphology, as the preferences of adult learners get passed on to second generation native speakers. This is especially noticeable in the grammar of creole languages. A 2010 paper in "PLOS ONE" suggests that evidence for this hypothesis can be seen in correlations between morphological complexity and factors such as the number of speakers of a language, geographic spread, and the degree of inter-linguistic contact.


title: Synthetic language

text: According to Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Modern Hebrew (which he calls "Israeli") "is much more analytic, both with nouns and verbs", compared with Classical Hebrew (which he calls "Hebrew").


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The Jacksonville Landing shooting, also known as the Jacksonville shooting, was a mass shooting that occurred at a video game tournament for the video game "Madden NFL 19" in Jacksonville Landing, Jacksonville, Florida, on August 26, 2018, at about 1:30 pm (EDT). A lone gunman, David Katz, shot and killed two people and injured another ten before committing suicide.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The GLHF (Good Luck Have Fun) Game Bar, a video game venue in the Jacksonville Landing indoor marketplace, hosted a "Madden NFL 19" video gaming tournament on August 26, 2018, with around 130 to 150 participants and onlookers. After one of the participants, David Katz, lost a game, he refused to shake the hand of the winner and left the tournament. Soon after, he returned with one of the two handguns he had brought to the event.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Katz fired 12 shots, killing two people and wounding ten others, then committed suicide. One more sustained injuries while fleeing. A tournament announcer said that he had been interviewing the first victim before he was fatally shot, and that he had been intentionally targeted. The gunman then turned and began shooting indiscriminately.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Gunfire was first reported on social media at 1:34 pm EDT by tournament participants. The event's Twitch stream recorded footage of the shooting, which was later uploaded to YouTube.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office urged individuals to stay away from the location at 2:13 p.m. EDT, and SWAT officers evacuated and searched the area. First responders arrived on the scene within two minutes of the first 911 call, and arrived at 1:36 pm EDT. The president of the firefighters union told reporters that they were training in the area when victims had run up to them for help. Due to the location being next to the St. Johns River, the Coast Guard was called in to sweep the surrounding waterways.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Eleven people were taken to hospitals for treatment of their injuries. Some of the injured had been able to leave the bar and sought assistance from first responders. Two others had driven themselves to the hospital. Of those injured, ten individuals received gunshot wounds and one person was injured attempting to flee from the location. The day after the incident Memorial Hospital released a statement that one individual had minor injuries, and three were in good condition, and UF Health announced that four victims had been released, with two still admitted.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The shooter, David Katz, was a 24-year-old professional "Madden" player from Baltimore, Maryland, who had been attending the Jacksonville tournament as a participant. Katz had lost a few rounds in the competition, which prevented him from reaching the finals. Fellow competitors reported that he had been "acting weird" and refused to shake hands with them after losing the competition. His pseudonyms included "Bread", "mrslicedbread", "RavensChamp", "ravens2012champ" and "TREXHAVAHARTATAK". He had previously won $10,000 in a 2017 "Madden" Tournament. Katz had a history of mental illness and was prescribed anti-psychotic medicine. He was diagnosed with dysthymia and oppositional disorder not otherwise specified and had been involuntarily committed to mental hospitals on numerous occasions.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office used Twitter to announce that there were fatalities at the scene at 2:45 p.m. EDT, and that one suspect was dead at the scene at 2:53 p.m. EDT. Initially, it was unknown whether there were additional gunmen, but later, officials confirmed that there was only one suspect in the shooting. He was armed with a .45 caliber handgun and a 9mm handgun, with the Sheriffs Office stating that one of the weapons was equipped with an aftermarket laser sight attached to the trigger guard. The weapons had been stored in his vehicle, and purchased legally in Baltimore, Maryland.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The Sheriff's Office issued an update at 7:37 p.m. EDT, indicating that the FBI were involved in the investigation, and that there was coordination with officers in the suspect's hometown, Baltimore, Maryland. Police and federal agents visited a house in South Baltimore, which was identified as Katz's father's home. They added that updates would be posted on their Twitter account. Electronic Arts, who published "Madden NFL 19" and had approved the competition, cooperated with the investigations.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The Sheriff's Office reported that the incident is being investigated as a criminal act and not as an act of terrorism.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: As of August 30, 2018, at least one participant had filed a lawsuit against the tournament sponsor Electronic Arts, the game manufacturer, the mall, and the restaurant where the incident occurred. The lawsuit claims "to hold those responsible accountable, and to ensure that gamers ... are able to get together to pursue their passion without having to fear for their lives".


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Participants and sponsors of participants took to social media to express safety, injuries, and recollections of the incident. Electronic Arts (EA) released a statement saying their "most heartfelt sympathies" went out to the families of the victims and those who were injured and that their focus was on those affected and aiding law enforcement. The publisher would later cancel the three remaining Madden Classic qualifier tournaments in order to reevaluate safety protocols for future live events. EA further donated as charity for the victims of the shooting and will set up a fund for others to be able to contribute.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Organizers of several video game-based exhibitions, including PAX, Game Developers Conference, Insomnia Gaming Festival and Electronic Entertainment Expo, as well as other esports tournaments such as the League of Legends Championship Series and Evolution Championship Series (EVO) announced that they would take additional security measures at their upcoming events to protect the safety of their exhibitors and attendees in wake of the shooting. The event has also raised concern about increasing security at other esports events in the future to levels similarly seen in other professional sporting events.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: The BBC initial coverage of the shooting compared it to other shootings in the state of Florida, including the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the killings of Christina Grimmie, Trayvon Martin, and XXXTentacion, and the Orlando nightclub shooting. As the incident occurred 54 hours before the state polls closed in the gubernatorial primary elections, the political and gun law ramifications became political talking points.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: U.S. President Donald Trump contacted Florida Governor Rick Scott, offering federal assistance in response to the shooting.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: A 23-year-old Minnesota man who operated a Reddit account named "Ravenchamps" was subjected to a harassment campaign by QAnon and Trump supporters, after far-right conspiracy theorist websites "InfoWars" and "The Gateway Pundit", as well as alt-right pundits Mike Cernovich and Ian Miles Cheong, misidentified him as the suspect and highlighted several anti-Trump statements made under his moniker. In response the owner made fun of the users of the QAnon-affiliated subreddit r/GreatAwakening, telling them "Y'all are seriously some bad researchers," and held an "Ask me Anything". He told "The Washington Post" that he did not receive any threats and that he was taking the campaign in stride. "The Gateway Pundit" subsequently posted a retraction to their article.


title: Jacksonville Landing shooting

text: Video game developer Bungie issued a statement that all its "Bungie and Destiny channels" would observe a day of silence in memory of the victims on August 27, 2018. Bethesda, a major video game publisher, also issued its condolences, stating that they will "support efforts from the @EA family however [they] can." OpTic Gaming announced shortly after that they will be holding a charity livestream on August 31, 2018, with all proceeds going towards the families of the victims. GLHF also hosted a vigil in front of the restaurant doors, which was attended by hundreds of people. "Madden NFL 19" developer EA Sports released a statement the same day expressing their sympathies and stated that they were working with authorities to figure out what happened.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: Selena y Los Dinos () was an American Tejano band formed in 1981 by Tejano singer Selena and her father Abraham Quintanilla. The band remained together until the murder of Selena in 1995, which caused the dissolution of the band in the same year. When Selena was signed with EMI Latin, EMI president José Behar told Selena that "the world wanted Selena, not Selena y Los Dinos." Selena then began releasing her solo studio albums under her name and her own logo title "Selena" instead of Selena y Los Dinos. Before Selena was signed with EMI, the band had sold more than 80,000 copies in the state of Texas.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: Between 1957 and 1971, Selena's father, Abraham Quintanilla had played with "Los Dinos". He loved to play music, and persuaded Selena to play music. Although she initially complained she didn't want to, she later found that she actually loved to play. Selena herself joined the family band at the age of ten, and they turned professional two years later. Selena not only sang in some concerts that her father arranged, but she also sang in school whenever she was asked. Selena's father discovered her amazing voice, and he formed a family band around her with his two older children: Abraham III (A.B.), was put on the bass guitar, and Suzette, was put on drums. The family first showcased their band on street corners, at quinceañeras, and at other family gatherings until Selena's father opened up a much-needed Mexican restaurant in Lake Jackson, Texas called "Papágayos" () in 1981. While her parents took care of the restaurant, Selena performed for the first time in public at the age of nine with her older siblings to entertain the diners. However, the restaurant began to lose its customers when the recession of 1981 hit South Texas and the restaurant was forced into foreclosure. Soon after the restaurant's closure, Selena's family moved their musical aspirations to Corpus Christi, Texas. There, Selena began to gain popularity and respect as a child singer.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: Within a year, the family's restaurant went bankrupt and the family was forced to move in with relatives, as Abraham had quit his job to manage the restaurant full-time. The band then performed wherever they could, including weddings, street corners, fairs, Events, and Quinceañeras. At some places, the band began to gain a lot of appreciation, while at other performances, where Mexican Americans were not accepted, it was booed. On one occasion while performing at a wedding, the band was booed and then food was thrown on stage.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: In 1981, Corpus Christi, Texas-based Freddie Records signed Selena y Los Dinos to a recording contract. By 1981, the label began promoting the yet-to-be released debut album by selling singles from tracks off the album in local stores. Selena y Los Dinos began to perform more frequently in local Texas clubs and fairs as their name began to spread around Texas. In 1984, Freddie released the band's very first full-length album entitled "Selena y Los Dinos – Mis Primeras Grabaciones". When the album was completed, the president and owner of Freddie Records told Abraham that his band, Selena y Los Dinos, were not professionally ready to record and release a full-length album. Undeterred, Abraham dropped the record deal with Freddie Records and walked out. While still under the record deal, Selena's father came upon another small local Texas record company called Cara Records. The rumored album "The New Girl in Town" was never sold in stores, but singles from Cara Records were sold separately and promotionally around the state of Texas. On this album is the song "Encontré El Amor" that was sold as a promotional single in 1983. In 1987, "GP Productions," which discovered Selena y Los Dinos performing, signed the group for a yearly record contract. Selena y Los Dinos were in the recording studio soon after the agreement. That same year, Selena y Los Dinos recorded their second full-length album "Alpha" (A in the Greek alphabet), which was the first album to be released without legal actions or threats.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: In 1987, "Muñequito de Trapo" ("Rag Doll") was released and an increase in sales began to spread the news about the band, which was promoted and showcased in the Tejano Music Awards. Selena won best "Female Vocalist of The Year", which she then won eight consecutive times. The band as well received and won awards separately. In 1987, Abraham Quintanilla Jr., who was proud of the band's winnings and awards, released "And the Winner Is..." and made Selena sing more Tejano and Mexican songs which followed their roots in order to gain more recognition in the Tejano world. In 1988, Selena y Los Dinos released "Preciosa" ("Precious"), a nickname that was given to Selena as a child, which sold 20,000 units in Texas alone. No other record or single sales were ever documented outside the United States. By 1988, Selena's albums began to sell 20,000 units apiece. Selena y Los Dinos' last independent studio album was released in 1988 under the title "Dulce Amor" ("Sweet Love"). The album helped Selena to be noticed during the 1989 Tejano Music Awards by José Behar, who had just opened the Latin division of EMI Records; EMI Latin. Jose Behar recalled seeing Selena perform and the whole place "blew up" from so much excitement and enthusiasm emanating from the charismatic Selena. Soon after her performance, Behar signed Selena as a solo artist. Selena began releasing her albums with her new logo titled after her name, while the band Los Dinos was still beside Selena in concerts.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: Selena's brother A.B. met Chris Pérez in 1988 and they became friends. When one of the guitar players for the band would leave, Abraham Quintanilla Jr. would let out an open call for anyone in the state of Texas who was willing to participate with them and tour alongside the band. Pérez was interviewed and performed for one of the open calls at Abraham Quintanilla's house. A.B., who had told Chris to come, was confronted by his father, who did not like the energy and image of Chris Pérez, who had his own rock band and performed entirely in the English language. A.B. insisted that Pérez would learn the music quickly, convincing him to hire Pérez as the new lead guitarist. Pérez's addition to the band proved to be more than anticipated. He and Selena fell in love, but her father, who wanted to keep the band's clean-cut image, only saw envy in Pérez. He confronted Pérez and Selena and told them that the relationship had to end or the band would break up. Pérez was fired, while Selena stayed with the band. However, they secretly married on April 2, 1992, and Selena added Perez's last name to hers. She tried to hide the marriage from the rest of the family, but the news quickly spread to radio stations and newscasts. The senior Quintanilla later accepted Pérez into the family and allowed him to re-join the band. Soon after Selena's murder in March 1995, Pérez left to form the Chris Pérez Band. He dedicated a song to his late wife, calling it "The Best I Can". The band broke up in 2002, and he joined with Selena's brother A.B. in his bands, the Kumbia Kings in 2002 and the Kumbia All Starz in 2006. A.B. is now honoring Selena by using her name in his songs.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: The surviving band members reunited for a historic massive tribute concert in honor of Selena on April 7, 2005. The concert, Selena ¡VIVE!, was held at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas.The event not only sold out but became the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language TV special ever. In attendance were Gloria Estefan, Kumbia Kings, and an introduction by Jennifer Lopez, who portrayed Selena in the film made about her life. Suzette Quintanilla, Selena's sister, the former drum player for Selena y Los Dinos, announced that the band Los Dinos were reuniting to record a new song for A.B. Quintanilla's group Kumbia All Starz with surprise guest recording artists on the album "La Vida de un Genio" in 2010.


title: Selena y Los Dinos

text: Donald Burnard "Don" Shelton II, who was one of the backing vocals singers for Selena, died on December 2, 2014, from cancer at the age of 47 and was buried at Rose Hill Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: Ben Dylan Aaronovitch (born 22 February 1964) is an English author and screenwriter. He is the author of the "Rivers of London" series of novels. He also wrote two "Doctor Who" serials in the late 1980s and spin-off novels from "Doctor Who" and "Blake's 7".


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: Born in Camden, Aaronovitch is the son of the economist Sam Aaronovitch who was a senior member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, and the younger brother of actor Owen Aaronovitch and journalist David Aaronovitch. He attended Holloway School.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: Aaronovitch wrote two "Doctor Who" serials, "Remembrance of the Daleks" (1988) and "Battlefield" (1989), for BBC television, and also the novelization of the former.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: He wrote one episode for "Casualty" (1990) and was then a regular writer on science fiction series "Jupiter Moon".


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: He subsequently wrote or co-wrote three "Doctor Who" spin-off novels in the Virgin Publishing "New Adventures" range; he created the character Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart who became a semi-regular in the "New Adventures". He has also written a novel and several short stories published by Big Finish Productions featuring the character of Bernice Summerfield, who was originally developed in the "New Adventures". He also co-wrote a "Doctor Who" audio drama for Big Finish, and has written a number of "Blake's 7" spin-off audio dramas.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: In May 1987, Aaronovitch submitted “Knight Fall” to the "Doctor Who" production office for Season 25. The story concerned privatization. Script editor Andrew Cartmel liked the story ideas, but felt that the script was inappropriate for the series and had too many supporting characters.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: After failing to feature Aaronovitch's “"Knight Fall"” storyline to production, Aaronovitch submitted a story in June 1987, entitled "Transit". The story would see the Doctor and Ace in the future, land in a metro station, and discover transportation portals that could lead any body throughout the Solar System, but one of the portals leads a gate way to hell. Even though it is unexplainable to how Aaronovitch's scripts of “"Transit"” never came to fruition, he would adapt the story as a book for "Virgin New Adventures" series in December 1992.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: During Summer of 1988, Aaronovitch submitted a three-part adventure story for "Doctor Who’s" 27th Season (which never came to fruition), and was called ”Bad Destination”. The story would feature The Doctor seeing Ace as a captain of a hospital spaceship which is being under attack by the Metatraxi. The story, however, was abandoned when, in September 1989, the BBC cancelled "Doctor Who" after its 26 Season, due to declining audiences. In July 2011, Big Finish Productions released the story as Earth Aid, by Aaronovitch and Cartmel.


title: Ben Aaronovitch

text: The short stories below are published in 'Tales from the Folly: A Rivers of London Short Story Collection'.


title: Baby Ruth

text: Baby Ruth is an American candy bar made of peanuts, caramel, and milk chocolate-flavored nougat, covered in compound chocolate. It is distributed by the Ferrara Candy Company, a subsidiary of Ferrero.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In 1920, the Curtiss Candy Company refashioned its Kandy Kake into the Baby Ruth, and it became the best-selling confection in the five-cent confectionery category by the late 1920s. The bar was a staple of the Chicago-based company for more than six decades.


title: Baby Ruth

text: Curtiss was purchased by Nabisco in 1981. In 1990, RJR Nabisco sold the Curtiss brands to Nestlé. Ferrero acquired Nestlé USA's confectionery brands, including Baby Ruth, in 2018. Ferrero folded production of the acquired brands into the Ferrara Candy Company.


title: Baby Ruth

text: Ferrara relaunched Baby Ruth, along with 100 Grand, in December 2019. The new recipe includes dry-roasted peanuts grown in the United States, whereas previous versions contained peanuts roasted in oil. This gives the new recipe a cleaner peanut flavor profile.


title: Baby Ruth

text: Although the name of the candy bar sounds like the name of the famous baseball player Babe Ruth, the Curtiss Candy Company traditionally claimed that it was named after President Grover Cleveland's daughter, Ruth Cleveland. The candy maker, located on the same street as Wrigley Field, named the bar "Baby Ruth" in 1921, as Babe Ruth's fame was on the rise, 24 years after Cleveland had left the White House, and 17 years after his daughter, Ruth, had died. The company did not negotiate an endorsement deal with Ruth, and many saw the company's story about the origin of the name to be a devious way to avoid having to pay the baseball player any royalties. In a patent appeal, Curtiss successfully shut down a rival bar that was approved by, and named for, Ruth, on the grounds that the names were too similar.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the trivia book series "Imponderables", David Feldman reports the standard story about the bar being named for Grover Cleveland's daughter, with additional information that ties it to the President: "The trademark was patterned exactly after the engraved lettering of the name used on a medallion struck for the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 and picturing the President, his wife, and daughter Baby Ruth." However, this may have been an after-the-fact covering maneuver. He also cites "More Misinformation", by Tom Burnam: "Burnam concluded that the candy bar was named ... after the granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Williamson, candy makers who developed the original formula and sold it to Curtiss." (Williamson had also sold the "Oh Henry!" formula to Curtiss around that time.) The write-up goes on to note that marketing the product as being named for a company executive's granddaughter would likely have been less successful, hence their "official" story.


title: Baby Ruth

text: However, David Mikkelson of Snopes.com denies the claim that the Williamsons invented the recipe, as George Williamson was head of the Williamson Candy Company, producers of the Oh Henry! bar. He continues to say that "the Baby Ruth bar came about when Otto Schnering, founder of the Curtiss Candy Company, made some alterations to his company's first candy offering, a confection known as 'Kandy Kake.'"


title: Baby Ruth

text: To promote the candy, company founder Otto Schnering chartered a plane in 1923 to drop thousands of Baby Ruth bars, each with its own miniature parachute, over the city of Pittsburgh. Thereafter, Schnering performed the parachute drops in various cities in over forty states.


title: Baby Ruth

text: As if to tweak their own official denial of the name's origin, after Babe Ruth's "called shot" at Wrigley Field in the 1932 World Series, Curtiss installed an illuminated advertising sign for Baby Ruth on the roof of one of the flats across Sheffield Avenue, near where Ruth's home run ball had landed in center field. The sign stood for some four decades before being removed.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In 1985, Nabisco paid $100,000 for the product placement of Baby Ruth to appear in the film "The Goonies".


title: Baby Ruth

text: In 1992, the company sponsored Bill Davis Racing's NASCAR Busch Grand National Series #1 Ford for future NASCAR superstar Jeff Gordon. The following year, the sponsorship moved to Jeff Burton's #8 Ford.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In 1995, a company representing the Ruth estate licensed his name and likeness for use in a Baby Ruth marketing campaign.


title: Baby Ruth

text: On p. 34 of the spring, 2007, edition of the Chicago Cubs game program, there is a full-page ad showing a partially unwrapped Baby Ruth in front of the Wrigley ivy, with the caption, "The official candy bar of major league baseball, and proud sponsor of the Chicago Cubs."


title: Baby Ruth

text: Continuing the baseball-oriented theme, during the summer and post-season of the 2007 season, a TV ad for the candy bar showed an entire stadium (identified as Dodger Stadium) filled with people munching Baby Ruths, and thus having to hum rather than singing along with "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" during the seventh-inning stretch.


title: Baby Ruth

text: The original flavor U.S. edition, listed by weight in decreasing order, contains sugar, roasted peanuts, corn syrup, partially hydrogenated palm kernel and coconut oil, nonfat milk, cocoa, high-fructose corn syrup and less than 1% of glycerin, whey (from milk), dextrose, salt, egg, monoglyceride, soy lecithin, soybean oil, natural and artificial flavors, carrageenan, TBHQ, citric acid (to preserve freshness) and caramel color.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In addition to the single 2.1-ounce (59.5-gram) bar (sold in packages as Full Size), Baby Ruth is also sold in a (King Size), a 3.3-ounce (93.5 g) Share Pack (two pieces), and in packages of Fun Size and Miniatures.


title: Baby Ruth

text: Nestlé produces a Baby Ruth ice cream bar with a milk chocolate coating, chocolate-covered peanuts, and a vanilla-and-nougat flavored ice cream center. Nestlé also produces Baby Ruth Crisp bars, which are chocolate-covered wafer cookies, with a caramel-flavored cream and crushed peanuts. This is part of a line of Nestlé products under the Crisp name, including Nestlé Crunch Crisp and Butterfinger Crisp.


title: Baby Ruth

text: The Baby Ruth bar is infamously featured in a scene in the 1980 movie "Caddyshack" that takes place at a pool party. Two teenage girls are sitting at poolside and one offers to share the tasty confection with her friend, when a third teen — a boy — asks for a piece of the candy and the young ladies refuse his request. The boy then tries to take the candy from the first girl. The second girl snatches the candy bar out of the first girl's hand and tosses it into the pool, the first girl looks at it floating, and says “Hey!, Thanks a lot!”, her friend just shrugs it off with a laugh. As theme music reminiscent of Jaws plays the candy floats in the crowded pool, until a little girl spies it and screams “Doodie!” Chaos ensues as the swimmers all rush to get out of the pool, until only Spaulding remains, due to using a mask and snorkel. He swims right up to it, screams “Doodie!” and swims away. Mrs Smails, watching the scene unfurl, faints. When Carl Spackler (Bill Murray) is cleaning out the pool afterward and recognizes the offending item as a Baby Ruth bar ("It's no big deal!"), he takes a bite out of it, much to the disgust of the country club's co-founder, Judge Smails and his wife (played by Ted Knight and Lois Kibbee), who still believe it to be fecal matter.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the film "The Sandlot", Scotty Smalls (after using his stepfather's Babe Ruth-autographed baseball in a game and wanting to get it back after he hit it over the fence into a backyard) mistakenly tells his friends that it was autographed by "Baby Ruth"; his friends knew what he meant to say and shout "BABE RUTH!" before running to the fence to see the ball before it is taken away by a demonic dog that they call "the Beast".


title: Baby Ruth

text: In a 1960 episode of "Leave It to Beaver", Beaver and his friends lose an old autographed baseball belonging to Beaver's father. They find another ball and try to fake the signatures. One they add is "Baby Ruth".


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the film "The Mighty" both Max and Kevin are awarded Baby Ruth bars for taking care of a problem in a local store.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the film "Hellboy", a Baby Ruth bar is used to lure and mollify the infant Hellboy when he is discovered after the destruction of the Nazi portal.


title: Baby Ruth

text: A popular song from the year 1956 was "A Rose and a Baby Ruth," written by John D. Loudermilk and recorded by George Hamilton IV.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the movie "Four Brothers", Angel Mercer (played by Tyrese Gibson) offers to give a local kid playing baseball an entire box of Baby Ruth bars if he helps Angel by creating a distraction so Angel can ambush a dirty cop at his home.


title: Baby Ruth

text: In the television series "Friends", Rachel Green (played by Jennifer Aniston) and Ross Geller (played by David Schwimmer) are discussing baby names, almost settling on the name Ruth until Rachel excitedly says "Yes! We're having a little baby Ruth..." and they realise the obvious brand recognition joke.


title: Baby Ruth

text: It appears in the Family Guy episode Hell Comes to Quahog when Meg feeds Sloth from the 1985 film The Goonies.


title: Rocket City Trash Pandas

text: The Rocket City Trash Pandas are a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels. They are located in Madison, Alabama, and play their home games at Toyota Field.


title: Rocket City Trash Pandas

text: In November 2017, BallCorps LLC purchased the Southern League's Mobile BayBears from owners Michael Savit and HWS Group for the purpose of relocating the team to Madison, Alabama, in 2020. Upon relocation, the team was renamed the Rocket City Trash Pandas. The name is a reference to both the area's association with the space industry, namely from Huntsville, and the determination and ingenuity of raccoons (which are native to the Huntsville area; "trash panda" is a slang nickname for the animal due to their facial resemblance to the panda and their tendency to dig through trash). In December 2019, Rocket City announced that it had sold more than $2 million in merchandise in just over 13 months since announcing its branding.


title: Rocket City Trash Pandas

text: The Trash Pandas were to begin their inaugural season on the road playing against the Birmingham Barons on April 9, 2020, and play their first home game on April 15; however, the start of the 2020 season was postponed before getting canceled on June 30 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, pushing back their inaugural season by a year.


title: Rocket City Trash Pandas

text: In conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Southern League disbanded and the Trash Pandas were organized into the eight-team Double-A South. Their scheduled May 4, 2021, road opener was postponed due to inclement weather, so they played their first game the next night against the Chattanooga Lookouts at AT&T Field in Chattanooga, Tennessee, losing 6–1.


title: Rocket City Trash Pandas

text: In 2022, the Double-A South became known as the Southern League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization. In June, the Trash Pandas won the first half North Division title to clinch a postseason playoff berth. Their first postseason appearance, the Trash Pandas fell to the Tennessee Smokies, 2–1, in the first round of the 2022 Southern League playoffs. Manager Andy Schatzley was chosen for the Southern League Manager of the Year Award, and Chase Silseth won the Southern League Pitcher of the Year Award.


title: After the Sunset

text: After the Sunset is a 2004 American heist action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and starring Pierce Brosnan as Max Burdett, a master thief caught in a pursuit with FBI agent Stan Lloyd, played by Woody Harrelson. It was shot in the Bahamas. The film was met with negative reviews and flopped at the box office.


title: After the Sunset

text: Master thief Max Burdett and his girlfriend, Lola Cirillo, steal the second of three famous diamonds, known as the Napoleon diamonds, from FBI Agent Stanley P. Lloyd. But Lloyd shoots Max before passing out from being gassed by the thieves. Max survives and tells Lola to get the diamond. She does, leaving in its place the one-dollar bill that she had received as a tip for washing the agents' windshield (while in disguise as a dreadlocked, scruffy looking man). Max and Lola then fly to Paradise Island in The Bahamas.


title: After the Sunset

text: Agent Stanley P. Lloyd shows up 6 months later and accuses Burdett of planning to steal the third Napoleon diamond, which is on a cruise ship that will be docking for a week on the island. He denies this, and unwittingly turns the tables and befriends the frustrated detective Lloyd, showing him the pleasures that Paradise Island has to offer, even paying for the most expensive suite, the bridge suite, for as long as Lloyd is there. Lloyd, out of his element, adapts quickly to the easy-going Caribbean lifestyle and partners up with Sophie, a local constable, to try to capture Max at last when he steals the diamond, which Max visits and later gives in to the temptation to steal. Henri Mooré, a powerful, popular tycoon thought of by some as a gangster, learns of Burdett's impressive history as a thief and offers him additional island-life benefits and pleasures in return for stealing the diamond.


title: After the Sunset

text: Burdett, still wanting the diamond for himself, pretends to work with Mooré, and gives him a fake plan as to how he would steal the diamond (which he had earlier related to Stan), having no trouble keeping ahead of his nemesis in the meantime. Lola kicks Max out after he breaks his promise to spend their first sunset on her new deck she had been working on and after she finds out he lied about writing his vows to her. Max is forced to bunk with Stan, and they share their thoughts about each other's lives. The next morning, the authorities and Sophie discover them, revealing that Stan's FBI license is suspended. They team up to win back Sophie and Lola, but Max still gives in and uses the dive trip as a distraction to steal the diamond, which works perfectly when Mooré's man tries at the same time but is caught after the fake plan doesn't work. After the fallout, Lola leaves Max after Lloyd shoots Mooré dead when he comes for the diamond. Max realizes his error, writes his vows, and manages to win back Lola at the airport before she leaves, proposing to her with "the first diamond he ever bought".


title: After the Sunset

text: The next day, Max is met by Stan while celebrating, who reveals he set him up and let Max do all the work while he later recovered the diamond. Max concedes that his nemesis has won this time and is simply happy to live out his life with Lola, watching sunsets with her. As Max and Lola are enjoying themselves on the beach, Max uses a remote control on Stan's car that has arrived at the airport, using it to mess with Stan, who quickly realizes what is going on and is unable to do anything about it. Lola asks Max if this is the "last time", which he agrees to.


title: After the Sunset

text: The film also features several cameos, including Gary Payton, Karl Malone, Phil Jackson, Jeff Garlin, Dyan Cannon, Edward Norton, and Shaquille O'Neal as themselves.


title: After the Sunset

text: Paul Zbyszewski's original screenplay for "After the Sunset" was discovered by producers Beau Flynn and Tripp Vinson, both known for producing movies such as "Tigerland" (2000) and "Requiem for a Dream" (2000). The script was purchased by New Line Cinema, and the producers hired Australian screenwriter Craig Rosenberg to create a re-write. Both the studio and the producers agreed that their first choice for the role of master thief Max Burdett was Pierce Brosnan. Salma Hayek, Oscar-nominated for her role in "Frida" (2002), was the next actor to join the cast.


title: After the Sunset

text: Next to join the cast was director Brett Ratner. The film had originally been scheduled to be directed by John Stockwell but dropped out due to creative differences. Talking about joining the movie, Ratner said: "I love caper films. There are so many great films in this genre, but what makes "After the Sunset" different is that it's a heist movie that has a combination of great relationships, heart, and comedy."


title: After the Sunset

text: Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan were both offered film cameos as police officers (a nod to the "Rush Hour" series which Brett Ratner also directed) but turned them down.


title: After the Sunset

text: With the two leads set, Woody Harrelson was cast in the role of Burdett's nemesis, FBI agent Stanley Lloyd. Harrelson said during promotion: "When this movie came along, I loved it right away." Don Cheadle's casting marked a third collaboration with Ratner, following "The Family Man" (2000) and "Rush Hour 2" (2001). The role of Sophie, the Bahamian cop, was the next role to be cast. British actress Naomie Harris landed the role.


title: After the Sunset

text: With the majority of the script set on an island in the Caribbean, the filmmakers decided to shoot in The Bahamas, based out of the Atlantis resort in Nassau.


title: After the Sunset

text: The film opened at number 3 in North America, earning $11,100,392 in its opening weekend, with its widest release in 2,819 theaters. It grossed $28,331,233 domestically and $33,016,564 in international markets, adding up to a worldwide gross of $61,347,797.


title: After the Sunset

text: "After the Sunset" received negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave it an approval rating, based on reviews, with an average score of . The site's critical consensus reads: "A slick but bland thriller." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 38 out of 100 based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: After the Sunset

text: Ty Burr from "The Boston Globe" saw the film's potential as a "decent heist flick" during the opening robbery scene but felt it devolves into a plotless drag involving sightseeing and female-ogling in the Bahamas. Peter Howell of the "Toronto Star" gave note of Zbyszewski and Rosenberg's script feeling barebones within its given genre and moving "unsteadily between crime drama and romantic farce", and Ratner's direction matching it in terms of tonal whiplash and coming across like a "tourist infomercial," calling it "one of the most lackadaisical Hollywood projects of the year." Scott Tobias of "The A.V. Club" criticized Ratner and Zbyszewski for making a "pale revision" of Michael Mann's "Heat" that sidesteps both the heist and interesting characters for more macho posturing and homophobic humor between its two male leads.


title: After the Sunset

text: "Entertainment Weekly"s Owen Gleiberman gave the film a B− grade, calling it "a knowingly preposterous toy thriller--a sheer escape from consequence." Roger Ebert pointed out the numerous plot machinations and "behavior-circling clichés" amongst the characters throughout the film but gave it credit for accomplishing the type of entertainment it aims to be, despite there being better movie choices for film-goers to check out, saying that ""After the Sunset" is skillfully made, but it's not necessary […] On the other hand, should you see it, the time will pass pleasantly." James Berardinelli found the film to be "a mess, but [it's] a fun, breezy mess", criticizing the overall heist and weak characterization but gave praise to the quick pacing, three-way chemistry between Brosnan, Hayek and Harrelson, and Dante Spinotti's cinematography for capturing the "natural beauty" of its Caribbean setting, saying "despite not being especially well-written, it nevertheless offers a 100-minute, unpretentious diversion."


title: Ancient literature

text: Ancient literature comprises religious and scientific documents, tales, poetry and plays, royal edicts and declarations, and other forms of writing that were recorded on a variety of media, including stone, clay tablets, papyri, palm leaves, and metal. Before the spread of writing, oral literature did not always survive well, but some texts and fragments have persisted. One can conclude that an unknown number of written works too have likely not survived the ravages of time and are therefore lost.


title: Ancient literature

text: Early Bronze Age: 3rd millennium BC (approximate dates shown). The earliest written literature dates from about 2600 BC (classical Sumerian). The earliest literary author known by name is Enheduanna, a Sumerian priestess and public figure dating to ca. 24th century BC.


title: Ancient literature

text: Certain literary texts are difficult to date, such as the "Egyptian Book of the Dead", which was recorded in the "Papyrus of Ani" around 1240 BC, but other versions of the book probably date from about the 18th century BC.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: The documentary hypothesis (DH) is one of the models used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). A version of the documentary hypothesis, frequently identified with the German scholar Julius Wellhausen, was almost universally accepted for most of the 20th century. It posited that the Pentateuch is a compilation of four originally independent documents: the Jahwist (J), Elohist (E), Deuteronomist (D), and Priestly (P) sources. The first of these, J, was dated to the Solomonic period (c. 950 BCE). E was dated somewhat later, in the 9th century BCE, and D was dated just before the reign of King Josiah, in the 7th or 8th century. Finally, P was generally dated to the time of Ezra in the 5th century BCE. The sources would have been joined together at various points in time by a series of editors or "redactors."


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: The consensus around the classical documentary hypothesis has now collapsed. This was triggered in large part by the influential publications of John Van Seters, Hans Heinrich Schmid, and Rolf Rendtorff in the mid-1970s. These "revisionist" authors argued that J was to be dated no earlier than the time of the Babylonian captivity (597–539 BCE), and rejected the existence of a substantial E source. They also called into question the nature and extent of the three other sources. Van Seters, Schmid, and Rendtorff shared many of the same criticisms of the documentary hypothesis, but were not in complete agreement about what paradigm ought to replace it. As a result, there has been a revival of interest in "fragmentary" and "supplementary" models, frequently in combination with each other and with a documentary model, making it difficult to classify contemporary theories as strictly one or another. Modern scholars also have given up the classical Wellhausian dating of the sources, and generally see the completed Torah as a product of the time of the Persian Achaemenid Empire (probably 450–350 BCE), although some would place its production as late as the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE), after the conquests of Alexander the Great.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: The Torah (or Pentateuch) is collectively the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. According to tradition they were dictated by God to Moses, but when modern critical scholarship began to be applied to the Bible it was discovered that the Pentateuch was not the unified text one would expect from a single author. As a result, the Mosaic authorship of the Torah had been largely rejected by leading scholars by the 17th century, with many modern scholars viewing it as a product of a long evolutionary process.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: In the mid-18th century, some scholars started a critical study of doublets (parallel accounts of the same incidents), inconsistencies, and changes in style and vocabulary in the Torah. In 1780 Johann Eichhorn, building on the work of the French doctor and exegete Jean Astruc's "Conjectures" and others, formulated the "older documentary hypothesis": the idea that Genesis was composed by combining two identifiable sources, the Jehovist ("J"; also called the Yahwist) and the Elohist ("E"). These sources were subsequently found to run through the first four books of the Torah, and the number was later expanded to three when Wilhelm de Wette identified the Deuteronomist as an additional source found only in Deuteronomy ("D"). Later still the Elohist was split into Elohist and Priestly ("P") sources, increasing the number to four.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: These documentary approaches were in competition with two other models, the fragmentary and the supplementary. The fragmentary hypothesis argued that fragments of varying lengths, rather than continuous documents, lay behind the Torah; this approach accounted for the Torah's diversity but could not account for its structural consistency, particularly regarding chronology. The supplementary hypothesis was better able to explain this unity: it maintained that the Torah was made up of a central core document, the Elohist, supplemented by fragments taken from many sources. The supplementary approach was dominant by the early 1860s, but it was challenged by an important book published by Hermann Hupfeld in 1853, who argued that the Pentateuch was made up of four documentary sources, the Priestly, Yahwist, and Elohist intertwined in Genesis-Exodus-Leviticus-Numbers, and the stand-alone source of Deuteronomy. At around the same period Karl Heinrich Graf argued that the Yahwist and Elohist were the earliest sources and the Priestly source the latest, while Wilhelm Vatke linked the four to an evolutionary framework, the Yahwist and Elohist to a time of primitive nature and fertility cults, the Deuteronomist to the ethical religion of the Hebrew prophets, and the Priestly source to a form of religion dominated by ritual, sacrifice and law.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: In 1878 Julius Wellhausen published "Geschichte Israels, Bd 1" ("History of Israel, Vol 1"). The second edition was printed as "Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels" ("Prolegomena to the History of Israel"), in 1883, and the work is better known under that name. (The second volume, a synthetic history titled "Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte" ["Israelite and Jewish History"], did not appear until 1894 and remains untranslated.) Crucially, this historical portrait was based upon two earlier works of his technical analysis: "Die Composition des Hexateuchs" ("The Composition of the Hexateuch") of 1876/77 and sections on the "historical books" (Judges–Kings) in his 1878 edition of Friedrich Bleek's "Einleitung in das Alte Testament" ("Introduction to the Old Testament").


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Wellhausen's documentary hypothesis owed little to Wellhausen himself but was mainly the work of Hupfeld, Eduard Eugène Reuss, Graf, and others, who in turn had built on earlier scholarship. He accepted Hupfeld's four sources and, in agreement with Graf, placed the Priestly work last. J was the earliest document, a product of the 10th century BCE and the court of Solomon; E was from the 9th century in the northern Kingdom of Israel, and had been combined by a redactor (editor) with J to form a document JE; D, the third source, was a product of the 7th century BCE, by 620 BCE, during the reign of King Josiah; P (what Wellhausen first named "Q") was a product of the priest-and-temple dominated world of the 6th century; and the final redaction, when P was combined with JED to produce the Torah as we now know it.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Wellhausen's explanation of the formation of the Torah was also an explanation of the religious history of Israel. The Yahwist and Elohist described a primitive, spontaneous and personal world, in keeping with the earliest stage of Israel's history; in Deuteronomy he saw the influence of the prophets and the development of an ethical outlook, which he felt represented the pinnacle of Jewish religion; and the Priestly source reflected the rigid, ritualistic world of the priest-dominated post-exilic period. His work, notable for its detailed and wide-ranging scholarship and close argument, entrenched the "new documentary hypothesis" as the dominant explanation of Pentateuchal origins from the late 19th to the late 20th centuries.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: In the mid to late 20th century new criticism of the documentary hypothesis formed. Three major publications of the 1970s caused scholars to reevaluate the assumptions of the documentary hypothesis: "Abraham in History and Tradition" by John Van Seters, "Der sogenannte Jahwist" ("The So-Called Yahwist") by Hans Heinrich Schmid, and "Das überlieferungsgeschichtliche Problem des Pentateuch" ("The Tradition-Historical Problem of the Pentateuch") by Rolf Rendtorff. These three authors shared many of the same criticisms of the documentary hypothesis, but were not in agreement about what paradigm ought to replace it.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Van Seters and Schmid both forcefully argued that the Yahwist source could not be dated to the Solomonic period (c. 950 BCE) as posited by the documentary hypothesis. They instead dated J to the period of the Babylonian captivity (597–539 BCE), or the late monarchic period at the earliest. Van Seters also sharply criticized the idea of a substantial Elohist source, arguing that E extends at most to two short passages in Genesis.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Some scholars, following Rendtorff, have come to espouse a fragmentary hypothesis, in which the Pentateuch is seen as a compilation of short, independent narratives, which were gradually brought together into larger units in two editorial phases: the Deuteronomic and the Priestly phases. By contrast, scholars such as John Van Seters advocate a supplementary hypothesis, which posits that the Torah is the result of two major additions—Yahwist and Priestly—to an existing corpus of work.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Some scholars use these newer hypotheses in combination with each other and with a documentary model, making it difficult to classify contemporary theories as strictly one or another. The majority of scholars today continue to recognise Deuteronomy as a source, with its origin in the law-code produced at the court of Josiah as described by De Wette, subsequently given a frame during the exile (the speeches and descriptions at the front and back of the code) to identify it as the words of Moses. Most scholars also agree that some form of Priestly source existed, although its extent, especially its end-point, is uncertain. The remainder is called collectively non-Priestly, a grouping which includes both pre-Priestly and post-Priestly material.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: The general trend in recent scholarship is to recognize the final form of the Torah as a literary and ideological unity, based on earlier sources, likely completed during the Persian period (539–333 BCE). A minority of scholars would place its final compilation somewhat later, however, in the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE).


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: A revised neo-documentary hypothesis still has adherents, especially in North America and Israel. This distinguishes sources by means of plot and continuity rather than stylistic and linguistic concerns, and does not tie them to stages in the evolution of Israel's religious history. Its resurrection of an E source is probably the element most often criticised by other scholars, as it is rarely distinguishable from the classical J source and European scholars have largely rejected it as fragmentary or non-existent.


title: Documentary hypothesis

text: Wellhausen used the sources of the Torah as evidence of changes in the history of Israelite religion as it moved (in his opinion) from free, simple and natural to fixed, formal and institutional. Modern scholars of Israel's religion have become much more circumspect in how they use the Old Testament, not least because many have concluded that the Bible is not a reliable witness to the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, representing instead the beliefs of only a small segment of the ancient Israelite community centred in Jerusalem and devoted to the exclusive worship of the god Yahweh.


title: Breechloader

text: A breechloader is a firearm in which the user loads the ammunition (cartridge or shell) via the rear (breech) end of its barrel, as opposed to a muzzleloader, which loads ammunition via the front (muzzle).


title: Breechloader

text: Modern firearms are generally breech-loading – except for replicas of vintage weapons. Early firearms before the mid-19th century were almost entirely muzzle-loading. Mortars and the Russian GP-25 grenade launcher are the only muzzleloaders remaining in frequent modern usage. However, referring to a weapon specifically as breech loading is mostly limited to single-shot or otherwise non-repeating firearms, such as double-barreled shotguns.