title: Jadeite

text: Over 180 axe heads made from jadeitite quarried in northern Italy in the Neolithic era have been found across the British Isles. Because of the difficulty of working this material, all the axe heads of this type found are thought to have been non-utilitarian and to have represented some form of currency or be the products of gift exchange.


title: Jadeite

text: A great many jadeite beads and axe heads as well as the remains of jadeite workshops from the Neolithic era have been uncovered in Itoigawa, Japan. These beads and axes were traded throughout Japan and the Korean Peninsula and were produced by the world's oldest known jadeite-using culture, centered on the Itoigawa region.


title: Equals (film)

text: Equals is a 2015 American science fiction romantic drama film directed by Drake Doremus, produced by Michael Pruss, Chip Diggins, Ann Ruak, Michael Schaefer, and Jay Stern, and written by Nathan Parker from a story by Doremus. It stars Nicholas Hoult and Kristen Stewart as two people living in a dystopian, post-apocalyptic world where all the people are robotic, emotionless workers, and any sign of emotions is treated as a disease. Additional roles are played by Guy Pearce and Jacki Weaver.


title: Equals (film)

text: The film had its world premiere in the international competition section at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival. The film had its North American premiere in the Special Presentations programme at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released on May 26, 2016 through DirecTV Cinema prior to opening in a limited release on July 15 by A24.


title: Equals (film)

text: In a futuristic dystopian society, citizens, known as "members", live under the Collective, the legislative body which monitors and controls the people's actions. Citizens are mentally stabilized and all emotions and most illnesses are eradicated, with emotion and sexual activity contrary to the society's rules, and conception is through artificial insemination via a conception summons.


title: Equals (film)

text: Silas, a citizen, works as an illustrator for Atmos. Returning home one night, he sees two citizens detained by officials and is reminded of a purported epidemic of Switched-On Syndrome (SOS), a multi-stage "disease" that restores human emotions. Sufferers who do not take their own lives progress to stage four and are detained in the dreaded Defective Emotional Neuropathy Facility (the DEN), the Collective's institution, which no one ever leaves. The next day at work a suicidal employee jumps to his death and the emotionless workers coldly analyze the moment. Silas is the only group member to notice fellow worker Nia having an emotional reaction. Later in a team meeting, he again sees Nia's expression portray emotion.


title: Equals (film)

text: The following day Silas becomes distracted during a conference at Atmos, falls asleep more often, and experiences a nightmare for the first time. He goes for a check-up and is befriended by an official named Jonas with stage 2 SOS. Silas is diagnosed with Stage 1 and is given a prescription. Nevertheless he worsens, as his drawings become emotional and his interest in Nia grows. One day he follows Nia into the bathroom and comforts her. She reveals that she has had SOS for over a year, hiding it to avoid discovery and ostracisation. On a different night in the bathroom, he kisses her, but hears Leonard, the company manager, and converses with him. Leonard spots Nia's workstation powered on and reveals that he has been monitoring Silas. Silas decides to get a job separate from Nia in a gardening section.


title: Equals (film)

text: Leonard introduces Silas's replacement, Dominic, to Nia the next day. While conversing with Dominic she suffers a slight anxiety attack during the lunch break. At night while picking up their prescriptions Jonas invites Silas for a walk, and then discloses that he is part of a secret support group and offers help. He decides to go, where he meets fellow members Bess, Peter, Thomas, Gil, Max and Alice, and learns that the DEN's patients half of the time, mostly through encouragement, end their own lives. Nia then shows up at his apartment and they have sex, agreeing to spend more time there. Thereafter, the Ashby ENI cure for SOS is announced and successfully created. Scared, the two decide to go to the Peninsula, a secluded, primitive section of land, to the bewildered support of the group, who warn them they can never return if successful. Jonas gives Silas instructions to ask for Oliver, a pilot, to fly him to the Peninsula. Silas and Nia make plans to go to Wellington, the closest location towards the border, on Saturday. However, Nia gets a conception summons and goes to the clinic, where she discovers that she is pregnant and so is taken to the DEN.


title: Equals (film)

text: In a near-panic Silas visits Jonas about the situation, who tells him to stay calm and go back home. Depressed, Silas goes home and becomes saddened. Bess, upon hearing from Jonas and seeing that Nia was Stage 4, takes her to a room with Jonas and Gilead and they brief Nia on a deceased Stage 3 SOS patient, Eva. They then help her to fake her death by switching identities implants with Eva, so that Eva is considered alive and Nia is considered dead. She is successful and leaves the DEN but doesn't find Silas at his apartment. Meanwhile, Silas finds out that Bess, Jonas and Gilead were betrayed by Max, and were given the cure. He goes to the DEN where they tell him Nia died and so he contemplates suicide on a rooftop, but gets the cure instead. He returns to his apartment and finds Nia alive and that his treatment for SOS was in vain. They have only about five hours left before Silas' treatment takes full effect and eradicates his emotions. The next morning an emotionless Silas remembers her, having loved her and their escape plan but doesn't actually feel said love beyond mere remembrance. The following morning they nevertheless set their plan into motion. With Nia heartbroken and sitting well apart, they take the Wellington train and set off to the unknowns of the Peninsula. Some way into the journey, Silas moves to sit next to Nia and, remembering what they had been to each other, he moves to touch her hand and she responds to join their hands tightly together.


title: Equals (film)

text: In October 2013, it was revealed that Drake Doremus would be directing the film, with Kristen Stewart and Nicholas Hoult starring. In June 2014, Guy Pearce joined the film, also announcing that the screenplay of the film was written by Nathan Parker, with Ridley Scott, Michael Schaefer, Ann Ruark, and Jay Stern producing, while Chip Diggins would produce under Route One, and Mike Pruss, Lee Jea Woo, Choi Pyung Ho and Russell Levine would executive produce. In July 2014, Kate Lyn Sheil, Aurora Perrineau, and Jacki Weaver, joined the cast of the film. Initially, the project was set up at Indian Paintbrush.


title: Equals (film)

text: Doremus, Stewart, Hoult, and producer Michael Pruss attended a press conference in Tokyo on August 2, 2014 to announce the start of the film. Principal photography began on August 4, 2014 in Japan and continued until August 28, after which production moved to Singapore for another three weeks. Filming finished in Singapore on September 26, 2014.


title: Equals (film)

text: In August 2016, Abby O’Sullivan protested that she had to share costume design credit with Alana Morshead, Doremus' girlfriend, who had previously worked as an actress and stylist and, O’Sullivan claimed, was not involved in the manufacturing or production duties involved with the film.


title: Equals (film)

text: In September 2014, the first image from the film was released. "Equals" was sold by Mister Smith Entertainment to over 35 territories for distribution at Marché du Film during the Cannes Film Festival. On July 29, 2015, it was announced that "Equals" was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and had its world premiere on September 5. On August 18, 2015, it was announced the film was selected to have its North American premiere at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. On October 16, 2015, it was announced A24 alongside DirecTV Cinema had acquired the distribution rights of the film. The film was released on DirecTV Cinema on May 26, 2016, before opening in a limited release on July 15, 2016.


title: Equals (film)

text: The film has received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 36% based on 83 reviews with a weighted average score of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Equals" is a treat for the eyes, but its futuristic aesthetic isn't enough to make up for its plodding pace and aimlessly derivative story." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 43 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Equals (film)

text: Peter Debruge of "Variety", giving the film a positive review, said "Kristen Stewart and Nicholas Hoult play citizens living in an emotion-free future who struggle to understand the attraction they feel for one another in this stylish, if simplistic sci-fi romance." IndieWire gave the film a C−, writing that "the real wonder and marvel and breathless mystery of "Equals" may be that something so dazzlingly white can be so very dull."


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao International Holding Ltd., operating as Haidilao (), is a chain of hot pot restaurants founded in Jianyang, Sichuan, China in 1994. Its restaurants typically operate under the name Haidilao Hot Pot. It is the largest hotpot chain in China and has expanded overseas. As of 2022, Haidilao had around 1,300 restaurants in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, with its overseas unit, Super Hi International, running 97 outlets around the world, including in Singapore, the UK, and the United States. Their annual revenue is estimated to be more than CN¥10 billion.


title: Haidilao

text: In Mandarin, "haidilao" can be translated as deep-sea fishing, or literally "scooping the bottom of the ocean." The origin of this term comes from a Chinese idiom, "hǎidǐlāoyuè" (海底捞月, lit. "fishing for the moon"), a metaphor for a hopeless endeavor. This idiom was originally derived from the Chinese Taoist poem Song of Enlightenment (永嘉证道歌). The term "haidilao" is also used by mahjong players to refer to a rare and lucky situation when a player wins with the last tile.


title: Haidilao

text: Zhang Yong is the founder of Haidilao, and in March 1994, opened the first Haidilao hot pot restaurant along with three other founders with 8,000 Yuan in Jianyang, Sichuan Province. Hotpot is a popular dish in Sichuan, with many hotpot restaurants operating in the area. Haidilao grew competitively with an emphasis on customer service. After five years, Haidilao started to expand beyond Sichuan to other provinces like Xi'an, Shanxi province and other parts of the world.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2018, Haidilao Hot Pot served more than 160 million customers, with an average daily table turnover rate (i.e. the number of parties hosted per table per day) of 5.0. Haidilao Hot Pot has more than 36 million VIP members and 60,000+ staff.


title: Haidilao

text: In more than 20 years of operation, Haidilao has received multiple awards and certifications, both domestically and internationally.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao has more than 180 chains globally, more than 20,000 staff, and an annual turnover of 5 billion RMB (almost US$0.77 billion).


title: Haidilao

text: By the end of June 30, 2020, Haidilao Hot Pot had 935 stores in operation. In addition to the many locations in China, the company serves the areas of Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea, and Japan.


title: Haidilao

text: The company opened its first restaurant outside of mainland China in Clarke Quay, Singapore, in 2012. This was followed by its first US outlet, which opened in Westfield Santa Anita (California) in September 2013. Haidilao continued to develop its network abroad, entering the South Korean market in 2014, the Taiwanese and Japanese markets in 2015, and the Hong Kong market in 2017.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2008, Haidilao planned to increase $600 million to $700 million in the Hong Kong IPO which could increase the popularity in the global market.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2017, Haidilao's net profit rose 22% to 1.19 billion yuan, and revenue increased 36% to 10.64 billion yuan.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2018, Haidilao raised nearly US$1 billion in a Hong Kong initial public offering (IPO). The IPO figures show that even though Haidilao faced some safety issues over the past two years, investors are still feeling positive of Haidilao growth in the future.


title: Haidilao

text: Founded as a privately held company, Haidilao International Holding Ltd. filed to launch an initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong in 2018, aiming to raise up to US$700 million for further expansion.


title: Haidilao

text: As of 2018, Haidilao's IPO price of 17.80 Hong Kong dollars a share makes its market capitalization $12 billion.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao's concept is different when compared with other traditional Chinese hotpot restaurants in various aspects.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao enforces strict rules when selecting food suppliers. Various sources of recipes are added every year. There are more than 20 dipping sauces on Haidilao's self-service condiment table. Side dishes like peanuts, cucumbers, and fresh food are always provided. Haidilao provides authentic Sichuan-style hotpot, and customers can pick four different soup bases in one pot, which is called a 4-broth pot.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2013, Haidilao developed a new new videoconference service where customers could see each other by using video conference facilities and remotely videoconference with customers at other Haidilao restaurants.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao created the “Hi to send” delivery service in 2003. When staff send hotpots to customers’ homes, they wear shoe covers and help customers to divide their food. They will wait outside until customers finish their food, after which they will take away the kitchenware. Since 2013, Haidilao is open for 24 hours a day and offers service of delivery food. Once a customer orders food to be delivered, staff will send an electromagnetic pan, an induction cooker, a wiring board to customers’ home.


title: Haidilao

text: Services provided by Haidilao can be divided into three categories: (1) before eating; (2) during eating; (3) after eating.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao's employees welcome customers. Every Haidilao restaurant has a waiting room for customers. The waiting room has different sections for different services. For instance, Haidilao restaurants have its own nail salon with hand massages and manicure service. As for children, Haidilao has a parent-child section which is an indoor children's play area with facilities. Additional free before-meal services and amenities include a car wash, fruits, snacks, drinks, and board games.


title: Haidilao

text: A hot towel is provided to wipe one's hands when customers are seated. Different beverages are provided to different customers. Members of staff offer an apron and mobile phone bag for free during the eating process, and provide small hairpins for long-haired customers. After the staff introduce themselves, the customers’ name and birthday gets recorded in the system. Haidilao provides gifts during the customer's birthday. People who are old, pregnant, and young get special care from employees. If customers are celebrating a birthday party or wedding ceremony at Haidilao, they get a special gift. While eating at the dining area, customers can experience the Chinese culture through Sichuan's characteristic face-changing performance, as well as hand-pulled noodles performances. In China, hotpot is usually enjoyed by groups of people.


title: Haidilao

text: After a customer has finished eating, the staff provides free snacks and fruits, as well as mints and toothpicks.


title: Haidilao

text: For people who order via the online store, Haidilao provides service to help the customers clean their facilities and return their tableware.


title: Haidilao

text: In founder Zhang Yong's words, “Haidilao imported standards to the kitchen from America, which means that Haidilao can control the warehouse’s temperature, washing machines replaced labor, and also a modern distribution system.”


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao and Panasonic jointly launched a "smart" restaurant in 2018. This smart restaurant relies on Panasonic's robotics and image recognition technology to achieve full automation of the kitchen. After the customer orders the food with tablet computer (iPad), the system in the kitchen can automatically recognize the dishes and puts them into the tray. The low temperature status of the automatic food store is effective in ensuring food hygiene, and automated meal replacement can eliminate human error. The system can also read the label information on the plate, accurately manages the type of dishes, the time of loading, the shelf life and other data to ensure food safety. In 2019, Haidilao opened the first robot-aided hotpot restaurant in Beijing.


title: Haidilao

text: On August 25, 2017, kitchen hygiene problems were reported from the Legal Evening News in the restaurants of Beijing Jinsong and Taiyanggong. A video of rat lying on the sink was uploaded to Weibo, a Chinese social media platform. After three and a half hours, Haidilao posted an apology letter about the hygiene issues.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao indicated that all stores need to have a “bright kitchen” which means that the kitchen is now visible to all customers thanks to the installment of transparent glass and opening up of the space for visibility to all.


title: Haidilao

text: The Beijing Municipal Food and Drug Administration had two meetings with the representatives of this Haidilao's hygiene problem and required Haidilao to make rectification to their cleanliness, resulting in the requirement that all stores in Beijing would need to be inspected within one month.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2022, The Food Standards Agency gave the hygiene rating of "0 - Urgent Improvement necessary" to the chain in Birmingham UK. .


title: Haidilao

text: On March 12, 2020, Haidilao reopened many stores after the COVID-19 situation in mainland China improved. However, customers were shocked by the price hikes; some even stated online that they would not go back to Haidilao again. After customer complaints, a Haidilao representative stated that price increases would be limited to 6%, with each restaurant being able to define their own prices.


title: Haidilao

text: On the afternoon of January 5, 2019, a Haidilao restaurant located in Wuhan Great Ocean mall suddenly played a pornographic video on the restaurants’ TV screen. One customer shared an image of the video on Weibo, where it has been retweeted more than 240 million times. Staff immediately turned off the screen after noticing the video. According to Chutian Metropolis Daily, this accident happened at 3 pm. When the reporter came to the location at 7 pm which is the peaking time for dinner, the TV screen remained switched off. On January 6, Haidilao posted an official apology on Weibo.


title: Haidilao

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, on January 26, 2020, Haidilao closed all stores in mainland China to decrease the spread of the virus. On March 12, 2020, with cases decreasing in China, Haidilao began reopening stores.


title: Haidilao

text: However, even after reopening, business was slow: patrons chose other options like takeaway over the communal hot pot dining experience. Haidilao also faced backlash for increasing prices to offset pandemic losses, and the amount of people restaurants could serve was limited by government pandemic restrictions.


title: Haidilao

text: In 2021, as part of an expansion plan, Haidilao opened 421 new restaurants, but it also closed 276 in an effort to improve the operations and profitability of existing stores"."


title: Haidilao

text: In 2022, in the wake of China's zero-COVID policy, Haidilao's shares fell more than 60%. Haidilao is focusing on expanding its international presence, spinning off its overseas unit, Super Hi International.


title: Haidilao

text: Haidilao Hot Pot has won more than ten titles and honors such as “Advanced Enterprise”, “Consumer satisfaction unit” and “Famous Hot Pot” in Sichuan, Shanxi, Henan and other provinces in China. From 2008 to 2012, it won the title of “Top 10 Hot Pot Restaurants” by the for 5 consecutive years in China. At the same time, it won the honorary title of “Top 100 Chinese Catering Enterprises” for 5 consecutive years. Haidilao became a successful business case of Harvard Business School in 2009. On May 27, 2011, “Haidilao” trademark was awarded “”. Since 2007 up until 2018, the hot pot restaurant has won the "China Top 100 Catering Companies" for 12 consecutive years. Haidilao won the “Best Hot Pot”, “Outstanding Service,” or “Outstanding Chinese Restaurant of the Year.” prizes in magazines such as Time out and Beijinger in 2018.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Boyce Avenue is an American cover band formed in Sarasota, Florida, by brothers Alejandro Luis Manzano, Daniel Enrique Manzano, and Fabian Rafael Manzano. The brothers attended Pine View School in Osprey, Florida. The band is named after a combination of two streets the brothers lived on as children. As of August 9, 2011, they are no longer signed to Universal Republic Records and have started their own independent record label called "3 Peace Records". Boyce Avenue releases original music as well as covers of contemporary and classic songs on YouTube. They have also collaborated with other YouTube artists such as Hannah Trigwell, Kina Grannis, Tiffany Alvord, Megan Nicole, Alex Goot, Megan and Liz, David Choi, Tyler Ward, Savannah Outen, Cobus Potgieter, John Robby Deleon and DeStorm Power and "The X Factor" season two finalists Fifth Harmony, Bea Miller, Diamond White, Carly Rose Sonenclar, Jennel Garcia, actress Sarah Hyland, and Connie Talbot.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Daniel was born on October 4, 1980. Fabian was born on July 1, 1984. Alejandro was born on October 4, 1986. The three attended Pine View High School. Fabian and Daniel played basketball while Alejandro sang in the choir and was named Mr. Pine View.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: The brothers first came together as a band in 2004 when Alejandro (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Fabian (guitar, vocals), and their older brother Daniel (bass, percussion, vocals) reconnected after pursuing their respective educational goals. While music was always a part of their lives and ultimately their collective goal, pursuing a higher education was also important to the brothers. After graduating from Harvard Law School, Daniel moved back to Florida, to join his brothers Fabian and Alejandro, who were both attending classes at the University of Florida. It was there that the brothers continued to write music and to perform local shows, and took their most formative steps toward becoming a band. In 2007, in an effort to share their music and ideas with the world, the band decided to start filming and posting videos on YouTube of their own songs and some of their favorite songs by other artists. Some of the first few videos they posted included acoustic versions of songs such as Justin Timberlake's "LoveStoned", Rihanna's "Umbrella", and Coldplay's "Viva la Vida", among many others. To date, the band has over 5 billion views on YouTube and over 16 million subscribers to their channel.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: The band booked a stand-alone show in New York City in January 2009, for their first ever performance in the city, with the show selling out and receiving positive reviews. Since then, the band has toured the world over with similar results. In early 2009, the band performed for an estimated total of 25,000 fans over four headline shows in the Philippines. Following this, the band launched headline tours in the US, Canada, and Europe. Their tour in Summer/Fall of 2011 saw the band playing headline shows in Indonesia, Australia, the US, Canada, and Europe, and playing in iconic rooms throughout the world, such as the Fillmore in San Francisco, Webster Hall in New York, the Riviera Theatre in Chicago, the Sound Academy in Toronto, Shepherd's Bush in London, The Olympia Theatre in Dublin, and Live Music Hall in Cologne.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: The band recorded original music for their full-length debut album, "All We Have Left", over their first years as an ensemble, and it was released in 2010 through their own label, 3 Peace Records. The lead singles from the album were "Every Breath", "On My Way", and "Broken Angel". The music video for "Every Breath", the first single from the album, was directed by Zach Merch ("Blue October", "Safetysuit") in Los Angeles, and was a collaborative effort that grew from a treatment written by the band. "All We Have Left" was entirely written, funded, and produced by the band.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Boyce Avenue formed in 2004 when Daniel moved back to Florida after graduating from Harvard Law School. Alejandro and Fabian were both attending classes at the University of Florida but left before graduating.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: In 2007, Boyce Avenue began posting videos of original music and covers of popular songs on YouTube. Many of these covers have over 10 million views and have been released as digital EPs by 3 Peace Records. Their two YouTube channels, BoyceAvenue and BoyceAvenueExtras, have had a total of over 1 billion views as of 2014. While producing the videos for YouTube, Boyce Avenue continued to create original material for their album, "All You're Meant to Be", which was released on March 3, 2008. In January 2009, the band performed a stand-alone sold-out show in New York City at the Mercury Lounge. On October 2, 2009 WWE featured their single "Hear Me Now" in a video tribute to Eddie Guerrero on their decade of "SmackDown" show.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: With their sights set on connecting with their online fan base, the band turned their attention to touring, playing four headlining shows in the Philippines. Shortly following this, the band began its first tour of the US.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: In early 2010, they returned to the Philippines to play festivals with Kris Allen and the Jabbawockeez. This was followed by a spring revisit tour of Europe in 2010.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: On January 23, 2010, the band signed with Universal Republic and had a debut album, entitled "All We Have Left", released on June 15, 2010. The album was produced and financed entirely by Boyce Avenue prior to being signed to Universal Republic. The album contains reworked songs from "All You're Meant to Be" and new songs written for the album. The album's first single, "Every Breath", was released digitally on March 16, 2010. The music video for "Every Breath" was released on March 20, 2010.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: In November 2011, they released their original music video, "Dare to Believe". In December 2011 they received one million subscribers on YouTube and thanked the subscribers by posting the official music video of "Find Me", from their album "All We Have Left". On April 16, 2012, Boyce Avenue released the official video for their song "Broken Angel" as a worldwide debut through "Q Magazine" and YouTube. The most currently released music video was "On My Way" on November 18, 2012.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: As of August 9, 2011, Boyce Avenue are no longer signed with Universal Republic and produce their CDs through their own label, 3 Peace Records. The label has since signed artist Hannah Trigwell.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: On May 14, 2013, Boyce Avenue announced a World Tour in the fall. The first four countries they visited were Canada, the US, the UK and Ireland.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: By the end of August 2013, Boyce Avenue had hit 1 billion views and 4 million subscribers on YouTube, making them the fourth most popular band on that medium.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: On August 6, 2013, they released their first live album, from their world tour, called "Live in Los Angeles".


title: Boyce Avenue

text: In March 2014, they performed for the first time in Spain, with both concerts in Madrid and Barcelona selling out.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: The band's EP, "No Limits", was released April 22, 2014, with a full-length album originally planned for later in the year. The EP contains more upbeat pop tracks than their previous work. On March 24, Boyce Avenue announced they will be teaming up with Vessel, a subscription video service launched by the early team behind Hulu, including former CEO Jason Kilar.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Boyce Avenue's first headline tour was in 2009. As of May 2012, Boyce Avenue has headlined 6 tours in Great Britain and Ireland, 6 tours in continental Europe, 4 tours in the US, 3 tours in Canada, 1 tour in Australia, and have played several shows in Southeast Asia. In August 2010, Boyce Avenue performed with the Goo Goo Dolls and Switchfoot.  In November 2011, the band sold out almost every single show on its European tour, including sell outs at Shepherd's Bush Empire in London, the Olympia Theatre in Dublin (the band's second time selling out that venue in its career), and the Live Music Hall in Cologne, Germany.  The band's past opening acts have included Ryan Cabrera, Secondhand Serenade, Tyler Hilton, and several YouTube friends of the band's. During this tour, the Band opened the European MTV Video Awards show by appearing in front of over 20,000 fans in a square in Belfast, Northern Ireland where their performance was very well received.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Zayn Malik and Louis Tomlinson of One Direction are fans of Boyce Avenue and in January 2012, Boyce Avenue opened for their friends One Direction during their debut "Up All Night Tour" in Great Britain & Ireland.


title: Boyce Avenue

text: Beginning in June 2012, Boyce Avenue performed in its biggest headline tour to date, including stops at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, the Waterfront in Belfast, the Turbinenhalle Oberhausen, Stadtpark in Hamburg, several O2 Academy main halls throughout Great Britain (These include Leeds, Manchester and Newcastle among others) and 2 shows at the Olympia Theatre in Dublin. During June, the band also played at the Isle of Wight Festival in Great Britain, Parkpop Festival in the Netherlands, and the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals in Germany.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Bernhardt Tiede II (; born August 2, 1958) is an American mortician who was convicted of the November 19, 1996 murder of his companion, wealthy 81-year-old widow Marjorie "Marge" Nugent, in Carthage, Texas. He was 38 at the time of the murder.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: These events are the subject of the critically acclaimed film "Bernie" (2011), a dark comedy directed by Richard Linklater and starring Jack Black as Tiede. The film attracted attention to Tiede's case, and new evidence was discovered. He was temporarily released on bail in 2014, pending a resentencing hearing. Despite the new evidence, Tiede was sentenced to 99 years or life.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Bernie Tiede is the son of Bernhardt Tiede (1912–1973), a native of Olegnow, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. Of German descent, Tiede had immigrated in 1926 as a child with his family to the United States. The elder Tiede had served as a professor of music and choral director at Our Lady of the Lake College in San Antonio, Texas (1946–1948), at Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas (1948–1957), at Kilgore College in Kilgore (1957–1968), and then McMurry College in Abilene, where he served as director of the McMurry Chanters until his death. In addition to his work as a university professor, the elder Tiede also served as church music director and as a vocal performer. Bernie Tiede's mother was his father's first wife, Lela Mae Jester (1933–1960). They married in 1957, and Bernie was born in the next year in Abilene. Jester was killed in an automobile accident when the boy was two years old. Tiede’s father, who never forgave himself, started drinking frequently


title: Bernie Tiede

text: In 1963, Tiede's father married Clara Kathryn Wiley (b. 1938), who became his stepmother. His father died in Abilene when Tiede was fifteen. Tiede graduated from Cooper High School in 1976. and had a special flair for hair and cosmetics. He became a mortician, working in Carthage as assistant director of the Hawthorn Funeral Home. He was very popular in the town.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Tiede met the wealthy widow, Marjorie Nugent, in March 1990 at her husband's funeral, which Tiede had helped arrange as assistant director at Hawthorn Funeral Home. The two eventually became inseparable companions, although she was more than 40 years his senior. In 1991, Nugent altered her will, and disinherited her only child, Rod Nugent, leaving her entire $10 million estate to Tiede. By 1993, Bernie left his job to work for Nugent full time as her business manager and travel companion.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: In November 1996, Tiede killed Nugent by shooting her in the back four times with a .22 caliber rifle. He placed her body in a freezer used to store food at her Carthage home. According to the "Amarillo Globe-News," Nugent's estranged son, Rod, an Amarillo pathologist, had grown concerned about not being able to reach his mother. After traveling to Panola County nine months following her death, Rod declared Nugent a missing person. He and his daughter entered his mother's house, where they found her body in the freezer.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Tiede was taken in for questioning, and he admitted to Nugent's murder to police in August 1997. He said that after the murder, he had prepared the body, and placed it in a freezer. After this, Tiede acknowledged using Nugent's money for civic activities, gifts to academic and civic groups, and to friends. She had given him power of attorney over her funds. A jury convicted Tiede of first-degree murder, and sentenced him to 50 years in prison. When he appealed his sentence, the appellate courts ruled that there was sufficient evidence for the jury to have found premeditation, a condition of the charge.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: After the film "Bernie" (2011) was released, attorney Jodi Cole became interested in Tiede's case and met with him, filing a post-conviction writ of "habeas corpus," in which Tiede alleged that his constitutional rights were violated in the first trial because of newly discovered evidence. He further alleged in the writ that the 81-year-old Nugent was controlling and emotionally abusive toward him, and that he had murdered her in a dissociative state resulting from years of sexual abuse as a child by an uncle. The Texas Criminal Courts of Appeal approved the writ. According to Rod, Tiede had alienated Nugent from her family, friends, and business associates of her late husband. He told the "Globe-News:" “It appears this Bernie Tiede kind of systematically estranged my mother from all these people one at a time ... At some point, they became angry with my mother.”


title: Bernie Tiede

text: When interviewed, Panola County District Attorney Danny "Buck" Davidson said that the town of Carthage was “split up” in regards to their opinion of Tiede. Davidson recounted to the "Longview News-Journal", “People remember [Tiede] as being real nice and doing nice things, and they'd like my office to go real easy on him. And then, there's a group that wants no mercy.”


title: Bernie Tiede

text: At the resentencing trial, Tiede was sentenced to life in prison. Rod filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Tiede, claiming he had embezzled more than $3 million from his mother.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Shortly after entering the Texas Department of Criminal Justice in 1999, Tiede was attacked by fellow inmates. During his imprisonment, he was described by a prison official as “a model prisoner.” He taught health classes and participated in the prison's choir. Until May 2014, he was serving a life sentence.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: In May 2014, Davidson and a visiting Judge Diane DeVasto of Tyler allowed Tiede to be released from prison that month on $10,000 bail, after his attorney, Jodi Cole, had learned that Tiede had been sexually abused as a child for multiple years by an uncle. Cole theorized that Tiede shot Nugent while in a brief dissociative episode brought on by her abusive treatment of him, a theory backed by forensic psychiatrist Richard Pesikoff. It's also been suggested that Tiede's handwritten confession (a major factor in the murder being considered first-degree) was strongly influenced by the prosecution's threats of leaking private videotapes of Tiede. When presented with the new evidence, Davidson agreed that, had he known this information in the original trial, he would have sought a lighter sentence.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Nugent's family learned about Tiede's release through media reports. Her granddaughter expressed shock that the release was granted, and claimed that Richard Linklater's 2011 film "Bernie" had influenced the legal system. The Nugent family created a website to honor Nugent's memory, posting photos of her and articles relating to her murder.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Between the time of his release in 2014 and his resentencing hearing in April 2016, Tiede resided in Austin, Texas, at the garage apartment of filmmaker Richard Linklater, who had offered to assist him; this was a condition of his release.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: The resentencing trial began on April 6, 2016. During the resentencing trial, Marjorie's granddaughter, Shanna Nugent, spoke directly to Bernie, and stated, “You are nothing to me.” Shanna and her father, Rod Nugent, both asserted that Marjorie was a kind woman on good terms with her family (in contrast to the portrayal in the film), whom Tiede conned in order to spend her fortune without her knowledge.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Other witnesses' testimonies differed. For instance, Gregg County Commissioner Darryl Primo testified that in a conversation he had with Marjorie between 1991 and 1996, she spoke favorably of Bernie's spending, as she proclaimed, “I’ll spend every dime [of my money] before I leave it to my family.” Merrell Rhodes, the victim's sister, recalled of Marjorie, “I was always afraid of her... I never forgot that she was my sister... I always loved her as a sister, actually, even when she did ugly things, and she did.” Merrel's son, Joe Rhodes, attested to the movie's accurate portrayal of his aunt. He noted several acts of his aunt's abusive behavior toward him in "The New York Times" article titled “How My Aunt Marge Ended Up in the Deep Freeze.”


title: Bernie Tiede

text: On April 22, 2016, the jury of ten women and two men issued a new sentence of 99 years or life for Tiede. After three weeks of testimony, they had deliberated for just over four hours.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: A week after his resentencing, his lawyers filed an appeal to the court's decision. In June 2016, the 1997 theft charge against Tiede was dropped. In August 2017, a Texas appeals court upheld the 99-year prison sentence.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Tiede was the subject of the "48 Hours" episode titled “The Mortician, the Murder, the Movie,” which discussed his crime, as well as his brief re-entry to society and subsequent resentencing.


title: Bernie Tiede

text: Tiede resided in the Telford Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for at least 15 years. , Tiede was incarcerated at the John B. Connally Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice in Kenedy, Texas, for several years. He currently resides at the Estelle Unit. He is not eligible for parole until August 3, 2029, which is the day after his 71st birthday. (Retrieved on June 5, 2022.)


title: Jim Palmer

text: James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984). Palmer was the winningest MLB pitcher in the 1970s, totaling 186 wins. He also won at least 20 games in eight different seasons and won three Cy Young Awards and four Gold Gloves during the decade. His 268 career victories are currently an Orioles record. A six-time American League (AL) All-Star, he was also one of the rare pitchers who never allowed a grand slam in any major league contest.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer appeared in the postseason eight times and was a vital member of three World Series Champions, six AL pennant winners and seven Eastern Division titleholders. He is the only pitcher in history to earn a win in a World Series game in three different decades. He is also the youngest to pitch a complete-game shutout in a World Series, doing so nine days before his 21st birthday in 1966, in which he defeated Sandy Koufax in Koufax's last appearance. He was one of the starters on the last rotation to feature four 20-game winners in a single season in 1971. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1990.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Since his retirement as an active player in 1984, Palmer has worked as a color commentator on telecasts of MLB games for ABC and ESPN and for the Orioles on Home Team Sports (HTS), Comcast SportsNet (CSN) Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN). He has also been a popular spokesman, most famously for Jockey International for almost 20 years. He was nicknamed "Cakes" in the 1960s because of his habit of eating pancakes for breakfast on the days he pitched.


title: Jim Palmer

text: James Alvin Palmer was born in Manhattan, New York City on October 15, 1945. Research conducted by his third wife Susan in 2017 revealed that his biological father and mother were Michael Joseph Geheran and Mary Ann Moroney, both Irish immigrants from Counties Leitrim and Clare respectively. Joe was a married 41-year-old man about town, while Mary Ann was an unmarried 37-year-old domestic worker for the Feinstein family which was prominent in the garment industry. Moroney gave up her infant for adoption and concealed information in the New York City birth registry, where Palmer is listed as Baby Boy Kennedy, whose father was Maroney and mother was Kennedy. Maroney was the incorrect spelling of her surname as listed when she registered at Ellis Island, while Kennedy was her sister Katharine's married name. Moroney eventually married John Lane and the couple had a daughter, Patricia, Palmer's biological half-sister, who died of leukemia at age 40 in 1987. (As of May 2018, the Palmers were still searching for Patricia Lane's daughter, whose married name is Kimberly Hughes and who would be Jim Palmer's half-niece.) Geheran died in 1959 and Moroney in 1979.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Two days after his birth, Palmer was adopted by Moe Wiesen and his wife Polly, a wealthy Manhattan dress designer and a boutique owner respectively, who lived on Park Avenue. His sister Bonnie was also adopted by the Wiesens. The family's butler taught the young Jim to throw a baseball in Central Park. After his adoptive father died of a heart attack in 1955, the nine-year-old Jim, his mother and his sister moved to Beverly Hills, California where he began playing in youth-league baseball. In 1956, his mother married actor Max Palmer, but Jim continued to go under the name Jim Wiesen until a year later. At a Little League banquet, just before being presented with an award, he asked the coaches to identify him as "James Alvin Palmer." "Through all these years, that night was the highlight of my entire life," Max recalled. Max was a character actor and there were two men who shared that name who worked in show business during similar time periods. The Max who was Jim's second dad worked mostly on TV on such programs as "Dragnet", "Bat Masterson" and "The Colgate Comedy Hour". He was Jewish, and he also earned a living by selling shoes. The other Max Palmer, often erroneously credited as Jim's father, worked in several movies as a monster. He was 8'2" tall and later became a professional wrestler and eventually a Christian evangelist.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Jim played baseball for the Beverly Hills Yankees, where he pitched and also hit home runs as an outfielder. The family eventually moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, where Jim played baseball, basketball, and football at Scottsdale High School. He earned All-State honors in each of these sports, also graduating with a 3.4 grade-point average in 1963. Palmer also showed his prowess at American Legion Baseball. The University of Southern California, UCLA, and Arizona State University each offered him full scholarships; Stanford University offered a partial scholarship as well.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Bobby Winkles of Arizona State suggested that Palmer get more experience playing collegiate summer baseball, so Palmer went to South Dakota to join the Winner Pheasants of the Basin League. The team advanced all the way to the league finals, and Palmer caught the attention of Baltimore Orioles scout Harry Dalton while pitching in the second game of the championship. According to Palmer, 13 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams recruited him after the season wrapped up, but Jim Russo (the scout who also signed Dave McNally and Boog Powell) and Jim Wilson of the Orioles made the best impression on his parents with their polite manners. Palmer signed with Baltimore for $50,000.


title: Jim Palmer

text: A high-kicking pitcher known for an exceptionally smooth delivery, Palmer picked up his first major-league win on May 16, , beating the Yankees in relief at home. He hit the first of his three career major-league home runs, a two-run shot, in the fourth inning of that game, off Yankees starter Jim Bouton. Palmer finished the season with a 5–4 record.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In , Palmer joined the starting rotation. Baltimore won the pennant behind Frank Robinson's MVP and Triple Crown season. Palmer won his final game, against the Kansas City Athletics, to clinch the AL pennant. In Game 2 of that World Series, at Dodger Stadium, he became the youngest pitcher (20 years, 11 months) to pitch a shutout, defeating the defending world champion Dodgers 6–0. The underdog Orioles swept the series over a Los Angeles team that featured Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale and Claude Osteen. The shutout was part of a World Series record-setting consecutive shutout innings by Orioles pitchers. The Dodgers' last run was against Moe Drabowsky in the third inning of Game 1. Palmer, Wally Bunker and Dave McNally pitched shutouts in the next three games.


title: Jim Palmer

text: During the next two seasons, Palmer struggled with arm injuries. He had injured his arm in 1966 while using a paint roller in his new house in Baltimore. Cortisone injections allowed him to pitch through the rest of the season and the World Series, but in 1967, his arm continued to feel heavy. He threw a one-hit game against the New York Yankees on May 12 but was sent to the minor leagues after a poor start against the Boston Red Sox five days later. While trying to make it back with the Rochester Red Wings in Niagara Falls, New York that Palmer surrendered the only grand slam in his entire professional career which was hit by the Buffalo Bisons' Johnny Bench. He only pitched three more games for the Orioles in 1967. In 1968, he was limited to 10 minor league games, with no appearances for the Orioles. The outlook on his career was so bleak, Palmer considered quitting baseball to attend college or trying to be a position player. He had been placed on waivers in September 1968 and was left unprotected for the Kansas City Royals and Seattle Pilots in the expansion draft one month later, but was not claimed. After he pitched for an Instructional League team, the Orioles sent him to pitch for the Santurce Crabbers in the Puerto Rican Winter League. Before he left for Santurce, however, Palmer attended a Baltimore Bullets game and sat next to Marv Foxxman, a pharmaceutical representative who suggested he try Indocin. In Santurce, Palmer's arm stopped hurting, and his fastball began hitting 95 mph again. "It was a miracle as far as I was concerned," said Palmer.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer returned healthy in 1969, rejoining an Orioles rotation that included 20-game winners Dave McNally and Mike Cuellar. He missed July with a six-week stint on the disabled list, but it was for a torn back muscle, not because of arm trouble. That August 13, Palmer threw a no-hitter against Oakland, just four days after coming off the disabled list. It was the only no-hitter of his career. He finished the season with a mark of 16–4, 123 strikeouts, a 2.34 ERA, and .800 winning percentage. The heavily favored Orioles were beaten in the 1969 World Series by the New York Mets with Palmer taking the loss in Game 3.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In , Cuellar went 24–8, McNally 24–9, Palmer 20–10; in the trio went 20–9, 21–5 and 20–9, respectively, with Pat Dobson going 20–8. Only one other team in MLB history, the Chicago White Sox, has had four 20-game winners.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer won 21 games in , and went 22–9, 158, 2.40 in , walking off with his first Cy Young Award. His success was interrupted in when his arm started giving him trouble in spring training. Eventually, he was downed for eight weeks with elbow problems. Palmer had lost seven games in a row by the time he went on the disabled list on June 20. He was diagnosed with an ulnar nerve injury and orthopedic surgeon Robert Kerlan prescribed rest, hot and cold water therapy and medication. Surgery was considered, but Palmer's pain lessened and he was able to return to play in August. He finished 7–12.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer was at his peak again in , winning 23 games, throwing 10 shutouts (allowing just 44 hits in those games), and fashioning a 2.09 ERA—all tops in the American League. He completed 25 games, even saved one, and limited opposing hitters to a .216 batting average. On July 28, 1976, he received a fine from AL president Lee MacPhail after hitting Mickey Rivers with a pitch the day before. Palmer said it was in retaliation for Dock Ellis hitting Reggie Jackson with a pitch earlier in the game, then complained when Ellis (who did not admit to throwing at Jackson) was not fined. Palmer won his second Cy Young Award, and repeated his feat in (22–13, 2.51). During the latter year, he won the first of four consecutive Gold Glove Awards. (Jim Kaat, who had won the award 14 years in a row, moved to the National League, where he won the award that year and in .)


title: Jim Palmer

text: After making $185,000 in 1976, Palmer hoped for a raise in 1977. The Orioles offered $200,000 initially, but Palmer wanted $275,000. They finally agreed on a $260,000 salary, with a bonus for a "significant contribution." In 1977 and 1978, Palmer won 20 and 21 games, respectively. Despite the 20 wins in 1977, the Orioles almost refused to give him a bonus. After the Major League Baseball Players Association filed a grievance in Palmer's dispute and threatened to go to arbitration (which likely would have resulted in Palmer becoming a free agent), GM Hank Peters relented and gave him the bonus. During the period spanning 1970 to 1978, Palmer had won 20 games in every season except for 1974. During those eight 20-win seasons, he pitched between and 319 innings per year, leading the league in innings pitched four times and earned run average twice. During that span, he threw between 17 and 25 complete games each year. Frustrated that pitchers who had become free agents like Vida Blue and Bert Blyleven were making more money than him in 1979, Palmer told a reporter for the "St. Paul Pioneer Press" "I'm going to aggravate [the Orioles] until they trade me." Weaver responded by pinning a note to his locker that said, "Happy Father's Day. Now grow up." "He's right he's underpaid...He's worth a million dollars when he's pitching but he signed for $260,000." Palmer eventually got over being discontent, and the team won the AL pennant. Weaver tabbed Palmer to start Game 1 of the ALCS against the Angels; though Palmer asked him to start Mike Flanagan, the 1979 Cy Young Award winner, instead, Weaver valued Palmer's experience. Matched up against Ryan, Palmer allowed three runs in nine innings, taking a no-decision as he left with the game tied. The Orioles won in the 10th on a John Lowenstein home run and won the series 3–1.


title: Jim Palmer

text: From 1980 through 1985, Palmer was hampered by arm fatigue and myriad minor injuries. Even so, he brought a stabilizing veteran presence to the pitching staff.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In 1981, Palmer got into a feud with Doug DeCinces after DeCinces missed a line drive hit by Alan Trammell in a game against the Tigers. According to DeCinces, Palmer "was cussing me out and throwing his hands in the air" after the play. "Those balls have to be caught," Palmer told a paper. "Doug is reluctant to get in front of a ball." "I'd like to know where Jim Palmer gets off criticizing others," DeCinces responded. "Ask anybody–they're all sick of it. We're a twenty-four man team–and one prima donna. He thinks it's always someone else's fault." The feud simmered until June, when Weaver said, "I see no cause for concern. The third baseman wants the pitcher to do a little better and the pitcher wants the third baseman to do a little better. I hope we can all do better and kiss and make up...The judge gave me custody of both of them." Palmer ultimately blamed Brooks Robinson for the dispute: "If Brooks hadn't been the best third-baseman of all time, the rest of the Orioles wouldn't have taken it for granted that any ball hit anywhere within the same county as Brooks would be judged perfectly, fielded perfectly, and thrown perfectly, nailing (perfectly) what seemed like every single opposing batter."


title: Jim Palmer

text: After Palmer posted a 6.84 ERA in five starts, GM Hank Peters announced that "Palmer is never, ever, ever going to start another game in an Orioles uniform. I've had it." Weaver moved Palmer to the bullpen, but with the team needing another starter, he put Palmer back in the rotation in June. Shortly thereafter, Palmer went on an 11-game winning streak.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer's final major-league victory was noteworthy: pitching in relief of Mike Flanagan in the third game of the 1983 World Series, he faced the Phillies' celebrity-studded batting order and gave up no runs in a close Oriole win.


title: Jim Palmer

text: The 17 years between Palmer's first World Series win in 1966 and the 1983 win is the longest period of time between first and last pitching victories in the World Series for an individual pitcher in major league history. He also became the only pitcher in major league baseball history to have won World Series games in three decades. Also, Palmer became the only player in Orioles history to appear in all six (1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979, 1983) of their World Series appearances to date.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer was the only Orioles player on the 1983 championship team to have previously won a World Series. He retired after being released by Baltimore during the season. He retired with a 268–152 win–loss record and a 2.86 ERA. Palmer was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990, his first year of eligibility.


title: Jim Palmer

text: While still an active player, Palmer did color commentary for ABC for their coverage of the 1978, 1980 and 1982 American League Championship Series, 1981 American League Division Series between Oakland and Kansas City, and the 1981 World Series.


title: Jim Palmer

text: From to , Palmer formed an announcing team with Al Michaels and Tim McCarver at ABC. Palmer announced the 1985 World Series, where he was supposed to team with Michaels and Howard Cosell, whom Palmer had worked with on the previous year's ALCS. McCarver replaced Cosell for the World Series at the last minute after Cosell released a book ("I Never Played the Game") that was critical of the ABC Sports team. The team of Palmer, Michaels and McCarver would subsequently go on to call the 1986 All-Star Game (that year, Palmer worked with Michaels on the ALCS while McCarver teamed with Keith Jackson on ABC's coverage of the National League Championship Series), the 1987 World Series, and 1988 All-Star Game as well as that year's NLCS.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer was present at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17, , when the Loma Prieta earthquake hit prior to Game 3 of the World Series. After the 1989 season, ABC lost its contract to broadcast baseball to CBS. Palmer had earned $350,000 from ABC that year for appearing on around ten regular season broadcasts and making a few postseason appearances.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In 1990, the "Los Angeles Times" reported that Palmer was thinking of pursuing work as a major league manager. Instead, Palmer worked as an analyst for ESPN and as a broadcaster for Orioles games on their local telecasts over WMAR-TV and Home Team Sports.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In , Palmer attempted a comeback with the Orioles. He explained in his 1996 book, "I wanted to see if I could be like Nolan Ryan was to the game or what George Blanda was to football." ESPN, which was trying to cut expenses, had asked him to take a pay cut and to sign a three-year contract. Palmer said he would sign a one-year contract for less pay, but ESPN refused. "I wouldn't be here today if the broadcasting climate had been more to my liking. That was really my prime motivation, the fact that I no longer had that obligation", Palmer said during spring training.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Covering Palmer's spring training workouts, Richard Hoffer of "Sports Illustrated" said that Palmer's comeback was not entirely about money. He wrote that "it is fair to suspect that a certain vanity is involved." Hoffer said that Palmer "has failed to excite either ridicule or astonishment. He's in fabulous condition, no question. But no matter whom he lines up with on the row of practice mounds, there is more pop in the gloves of catchers other than his." "I couldn't throw ninety-five miles an hour anymore," Palmer later reflected. "The best I could do was eighty."


title: Jim Palmer

text: While working out at the University of Miami during his comeback attempt, Palmer was approached by Miami assistant coach Lazaro Collazo. Collazo reportedly told him, "You'll never get into the Hall of Fame with those mechanics." "I'm already in the Hall of Fame", Palmer replied. To help Palmer's pitching motion, Collazo and Palmer completed unusual drills that involved Palmer placing a knee or foot on a chair as he tossed the ball.


title: Jim Palmer

text: After giving up five hits and two runs in two innings of a spring training game, he retired permanently. Palmer said that he tore his hamstring while warming up for the game, commenting, "I'm not saying I wouldn't like to continue, but I can't", he said. "I heard something pop in my leg yesterday. It wasn't a nice sound. I don't know what that means, but I think it's going to play havoc with my tennis game."


title: Jim Palmer

text: From to , Palmer returned to ABC (this time, via a revenue-sharing joint venture between Major League Baseball, ABC and NBC called The Baseball Network) to once again broadcast with Tim McCarver and Al Michaels. In 1995, the reunited team of Palmer, McCarver and Michaels would call the All-Star Game, Game 3 of that NLDS between Cincinnati and Los Angeles, Game 4 of the NLDS between Atlanta and Colorado, Games 1–2 of the NLCS, and Games 1, 4–5 of the World Series. Palmer, McCarver and Michaels were also intended to call the previous year's World Series for ABC, but were denied the opportunity when the entire postseason was canceled due to a strike. He is currently a color commentator on MASN's television broadcasts of Oriole games.


title: Jim Palmer

text: In July 2012, Palmer put up for auction his three Cy Young Award trophies and two of his four Gold Glove Awards. "At this point in my life, I would rather concern myself with the education of my grandchildren", he said. Palmer also noted that his autistic teenage stepson would require special care and that "my priorities have changed." Palmer had put up for auction one of his Cy Young Award trophies on behalf of a fundraising event for cystic fibrosis in years past, although he stated the winning bidder "had paid $39,000 for that and never ever took it. It was for the cause."


title: Jim Palmer

text: Palmer has been considered one of the best pitchers in major-league history. Palmer is the only pitcher in big-league history to win World Series games in three decades (1960s, 1970s, and 1980s). During his 19-year major league career of 575 games (including 17 postseason games), he never surrendered a grand slam, nor did he ever allow back-to-back homers. Palmer's career earned run average (2.856) is the third-lowest among starting pitchers whose careers began after the advent of the live-ball era in 1920. In six ALCS and six World Series, he posted an 8–3 record with 90 strikeouts, and an ERA of 2.61 and two shutouts in 17 games.


title: Jim Palmer

text: He was a mainstay in the rotation during Baltimore's six pennant-winning teams in the 1960s (1966 and 1969), 1970s (1970, 1971 and 1979) and 1980s (1983). With the passing of Mike Cuellar in 2010, Palmer became the last surviving member of the 1971 Baltimore starting rotation that included four 20-game winners. Palmer won spots on six All-Star teams, received four Gold Glove Awards and won three Cy Young Awards. He led the league in ERA twice and in wins three times.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Sometimes, Palmer would shift fielders around during games. He never meddled with the best fielders, such as the Robinsons or Paul Blair, but he would do so for less experienced players. "They might not know...that if they're playing a step or two to the opposite field and you're behind the batter two balls and no strikes...and you have a big lead...you're probably going to take a little off the pitch...and the fielders have to know to shift a couple of steps and play for the batter to pull."


title: Jim Palmer

text: In , he ranked No. 64 on "The Sporting News"' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.


title: Jim Palmer

text: During the late 1970s and 1980s, Palmer was a spokesman and underwear model for Jockey brand men's briefs. He appeared in the company's national print and television advertisements as well as on billboards at Times Square in New York City and other major cities. He donated all proceeds from the sale of his underwear poster to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.


title: Jim Palmer

text: From 1992 until 1999, he was frequently seen on television throughout the United States in commercials for The Money Store, a national home equity and mortgage lender. He has periodically appeared in ads and commercials for vitamins and other health-related products. Palmer also represents Cosamin DS, a joint health supplement made by Nutramax Laboratories in Edgewood, Maryland.


title: Jim Palmer

text: He was also the spokesperson for Nationwide Motors Corp., which is a regional chain of car dealerships located in the Middle Atlantic region. He is currently a spokesman for the national "Strike Out High Cholesterol" campaign. Additionally, Palmer serves as a member of the advisory board of the Baseball Assistance Team, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to helping former Major League, Minor League, and Negro league players through financial and medical difficulties.


title: Jim Palmer

text: Shortly after graduating from high school in 1963, Palmer married the former Susan Ryan in 1964. He has two daughters with Ryan, named Jamie and Kelly. Ryan was not a huge baseball fan, as Palmer recalled: "She used to bring her knitting and/or a friend, who usually liked baseball even less, to the games."


title: Jim Palmer

text: In 2007, Palmer married the former Susan Earle, who has an adult son with autism. The Palmers have homes in Palm Beach, Florida, and in Corona Del Mar, California. In 2006, Palmer also acquired a penthouse condominium in Little Italy, Baltimore, which he uses while in Baltimore for Orioles' broadcasts.


title: Centimetre

text: A centimetre (international spelling) or centimeter (American spelling) (SI symbol cm) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one hundredth of a metre, "centi" being the SI prefix for a factor of . The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units.


title: Centimetre

text: Though for many physical quantities, SI prefixes for factors of 10—like "milli-" and "kilo-"—are often preferred by technicians, the centimetre remains a practical unit of length for many everyday measurements. A centimetre is approximately the width of the fingernail of an average adult person.


title: Centimetre

text: For the purposes of compatibility with Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) characters, Unicode has symbols for:


title: Centimetre

text: They are mostly used only with East Asian fixed-width CJK fonts, because they are equal in size to one Chinese character.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: Aditya Vikram Birla (14 November 1943 – 1 October 1995) was an Indian industrialist. Born into one of the largest business families of India, he oversaw the diversification of his group into textiles, petrochemicals and telecommunications. He was one of the first Indian industrialists to expand abroad, setting up plants in Southeast Asia, the Philippines and Egypt. His net worth was estimated at £250 million by 1995. His death at the age of 51 left his young son Kumar Mangalam Birla in charge of his group of companies.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: Birla was born on 14 November 1943 in Calcutta to industrialist Basant Kumar and Sarala Birla. His grandfather Ghanshyam Das Birla was an associate of Mahatma Gandhi and had built his fortune on aluminium prospecting and as the manufacturer of the Ambassador car.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: After attending St. Xavier's College, Calcutta, he earned a degree in chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was married to Rajashri and had a daughter Vasavadatta and a son Kumar Mangalam, who now heads the Aditya Birla Group.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: Aditya Vikram Birla received his Sanskrit education from the late Sanskrit scholar Shri Durga Prasad Shastri in Kolkata.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: After returning to India in 1965, Birla struck out on his own in textiles. His Eastern Spinning Mills in Calcutta (Kolkata) quickly became a success, putting the group's sinking rayon and textile business back on track. He was then placed in charge of the corporation's expansion into the oil sector.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: In 1969, Birla set up Indo-Thai Synthetics Company Ltd, the group's first overseas company. In 1973, he established P.T. Elegant Textiles to manufacture spun yarn. It marked the group's first venture in Indonesia. In 1974, Thai Rayon, the Group's Viscose Rayon Staple Fibre business, was incorporated in Thailand. In 1975, The Indo Phil Group of companies, the first Indo-Filipino joint venture, commenced production of spun yarn. In 1977, Pan Century Edible Oils was incorporated in Malaysia, going on to become the world's largest single-location palm oil refinery. In 1978, Thai Carbon Black was incorporated in Thailand. In 1982, P.T. Indo Bharat Rayon was established, the first producer of Viscose Staple Fibre in Indonesia.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: All these ventures not only put the Birla group on the world map, but the companies became the largest producer of Viscose staple fibre and refiner of palm oil.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: Ghanshyam Das Birla died in 1983, bequeathing most of his companies to his grandson Aditya. With Aditya Vikram Birla as the chairman, the Birla group of companies success expanded Hindustan Gas and rescued Indo-Gulf Fertilisers and Chemicals Ltd.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: In 1993, Birla was diagnosed with prostate cancer. His aged father and young son took over many of the responsibilities of the group. The best medical treatment for prostate cancer was arranged for Birla, and including at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore US. He spent many months at that facility, and it was there that he died on 1 October 1995. He was survived by both his parents, his wife and both his children, as also by two sisters and a daughter-in-law. Former Indian Prime Minister (then Finance Minister) Manmohan Singh called Mr. Birla "among the best and brightest citizens of India."


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: While battling cancer Birla's great concern was to see his daughter married. Towards this, he took recourse to long-standing friendship with the Bajaj family, the descendants of Jamnalal Bajaj, who had been a close friend of Ghanshyamdas Birla. Birla arranged for his daughter Vasavadatta to marry Kushagra Bajaj, son of Shishir Bajaj (Rahul Bajaj's younger brother) of the Bajaj family. He witnessed their engagement ceremony but not their wedding. The wedding could not be held immediately because the couple, both born in 1976, were still underage. The couple were married in 1997.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: His group instituted the Aditya Birla Scholarships in his memory. Every year more than 40 scholars from among seven Indian Institutes of Management, seven Indian Institutes of Technology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science and Faculty of Management Studies (Delhi) receive this scholarship. From the 2012–13-year onwards, this scholarship was extended to 4 law campuses as well.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: The Aditya Vikram Birla won Kalashikhar and Kalakiran Puraskar awards for excellence in theatre and performing arts are given every year, were instituted in 1996 by the Sangeet Kala Kendra (SKK), which was founded in 1973 by Aditya Vikram Birla to encourage performing arts.


title: Aditya Vikram Birla

text: A special commemorative stamp has been released by Government of India in the name of Aditya Vikram Birla on 14 January 2013, honouring him as "India's first global industrialist".


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The Cadillac CT5 is a full-size luxury car manufactured and marketed by General Motors under the Cadillac brand.


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The CT5 debuted at the 2019 New York Auto Show. Unlike its predecessor, the CTS, and the flagship CT6, the CT5's fastback bodystyle draws inspiration from the Cadillac fastback models from the late 1940s. The CT5 went on sale in the fall of 2019 and is available in four trim levels (Luxury, Premium Luxury, Sport, and V).


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The base model CT5 is powered by the 2.0-liter "LSY" turbocharged I4 producing at 5000 rpm and of torque at 1500-4000 rpm. The CT5 is also offered with an optional 3.0-liter "LGY" twin turbocharged V6 which produces and of torque in the standard CT5 or at 5400 rpm and of torque at 2350-4000 rpm in the CT5-V. The only transmission offered is a 10-speed automatic. In 2021, Cadillac began offering their semi-autonomous driving system, Super Cruise, as an optional feature. The Super Cruise package costs additional $2,500, and is the second generation of Super Cruise technology, adding lane change on demand.


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The CT5 went on sale in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2019 with a starting price of $36,895. In Canada, the starting price was $41,998.


title: Cadillac CT5

text: Cadillac unveiled the high-performance CT5-V on May 30, 2019, alongside the Cadillac CT4-V. It replaced the CTS-V Sport and the XTS-V Sport. The CT5-V is powered by the 3.0-liter "LGY" twin turbocharged V6 producing at 5400 rpm and of torque at 2350-4000 rpm. In the U.S., it carried a starting price of $47,695 for 2020.


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The CT5-V Blackwing was announced in early 2021 for the 2022 model year as a higher performance version of the CT5-V and is considered to be the spiritual successor to the Cadillac CTS-V. It features a supercharged 6.2-liter V8 engine that produces and of torque, which comes standard mated with a 6-speed manual transmission, and is also available with an optional 10-speed automatic. According to Cadillac, they claim that the incoming CT5-V Blackwing will have a time of 3.4 seconds with a 10-speed automatic transmission along with a top speed of . Upon release, it was announced by Cadillac that the CT5-V Blackwing, alongside the smaller CT4-V Blackwing, would be the last gasoline powered V models that Cadillac would produce.


title: Cadillac CT5

text: The Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing is also available with carbon-ceramic Brembo brakes. The optional carbon-ceramic system (which is copper-free) is around lighter than the standard cast-iron system. This is the first time Cadillac has offered a carbon-ceramic brake package.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: No Reservations is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Scott Hicks and starring Catherine Zeta-Jones, Aaron Eckhart, and Abigail Breslin. The screenplay by Carol Fuchs is an adaptation of an original script by Sandra Nettelbeck, which served as the basis for the 2001 German film "Mostly Martha", and revolves around a hard-edged chef whose life is turned upside down when she decides to take in her young niece following a tragic accident that killed her sister. Patricia Clarkson, Bob Balaban, and Jenny Wade co-star, with Brían F. O'Byrne, Lily Rabe, and Zoë Kravitz—appearing in her first feature film—playing supporting roles.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: The film received a mixed reception by critics, who found it "predictable and too melancholy for the genre", resulting in a 42% overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes. Upon its opening release on July 27, 2007, in the United States and Canada, "No Reservations" became a moderate commercial success: The film grossed $12 million in its opening weekend, eventually grossing over $43 million at the domestic box-office and over $92 million worldwide. Breslin was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: Kate Armstrong is the head chef at the trendy 22 Bleecker Street Restaurant in Manhattan’s West Village. She runs her kitchen at a rapid pace as she coordinates the making and preparation of all the fantastic meals, and personally displays the food to perfection on every dish.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: Kate intimidates everyone around her, including her boss Paula, who sends her to therapy. She hates to leave the kitchen when a customer wants to compliment her on one of her special dishes; however, she shoots out of the kitchen in an instant when a customer insults her cooking.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: When Kate's sister Christine is killed in a car accident, her nine-year-old niece, Zoe, must move in with her. Kate is devastated by her sister's death and with all of her problems, Paula decides to hire a new sous chef to join the staff, Nick Palmer, who is a rising star in his own right and could be the head chef of any restaurant he pleased. Nick, however, wants to work under Kate.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: The atmosphere in the kitchen is somewhat chaotic as Kate feels increasingly threatened by Nick as time goes on due to his style of running her kitchen. He loves to listen to opera while he cooks and also make the staff laugh. Kate also finds herself strangely attracted to Nick, whose uplifting personality has not only affected her staff but Zoe as well, who has been coming to work with her and bonded with him.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: With all that is happening in Kate's life, the last thing she would want is to fall in love with this man, as she has pushed away all others prior. Nevertheless, there is chemistry between them that only flourishes with their passion for cooking. Yet life hits her hard when Paula offers Nick the job of head chef, rather than Kate.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: In the end, Kate allows herself to become vulnerable and tear down the walls she has built throughout her life so that she and Nick could start fresh. The movie concludes with Zoe, Nick, and Kate having opened their own bistro.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: The film was scored by Philip Glass, who also appears in the final bistro scenes. The film soundtrack makes extensive use of operatic music, and includes Liz Phair's song "Count On My Love". Filming took place in New York in 2006-7.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: Rotten Tomatoes, an aggregator of reviews from published critics, showed that 42% of them reviewed it favorably based on 162 reviews, with an average rating of 5.25/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "This romantic comedy may look good on paper, but it's too predictable and melancholy for the genre." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 50 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: No Reservations (film)

text: Matt Zoller Seitz of "The New York Times" said, "What's unexpected and gratifying ... is the film's enlightened attitude toward parenthood and work, which the movie's publicity campaign conspicuously glosses over, even though it's the story's driving force ... Make no mistake: "No Reservations" is a factory-sealed romantic comedy ... But the emotional details of Kate, Nick and Zoe's journey are surprising, honest and life-size, and the film's determination to present their predicament sympathetically, without appealing to retrograde ideals of femininity and motherhood, makes it notable, and in some ways unique." Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" stated, "The movie is focused on two kinds of chemistry: of the kitchen, and of the heart. The kitchen works better, with shots of luscious-looking food, arranged like organic still lifes. But chemistry among Nick, Kate and Zoe is curiously lacking, except when we sense some fondness—not really love—between Zoe and her potential new dad ... the characters seem to feel more passion for food than for each other." Carina Chocano of the "Los Angeles Times" called the film "one of those movies that presents life precisely and meticulously as it isn't, presumably as some kind of consolation for how it really is" and added, "With its simplistic compartmentalization of dueling personality types, kindergarten view of grown-up love, exquisite styling, overripe camera moves and lousy, overwrought score, the movie feels stubbornly, resolutely disingenuous and one-dimensional. Everything in it is designed to make you feel better, so why does it feel artificial and palliative in that really depressing way?" Todd McCarthy of "Variety" observed, "Agreeably prepared and attractively presented, this remake of the tasty 2001 German feature "Mostly Martha" bears too many earmarks of Hollywood packaging and emotional button-pushing, but doesn't go far wrong by closely sticking to the original's smart story construction ... Scott Hicks' work cuts both ways, creating a warm cocoon that fosters engagement with the well-drawn characters while at the same time steering the material in softer-than-necessary directions and refraining from peeking any deeper into the main characters to suggest what makes them tick. Without question, "Ratatouille" deals more profoundly with the personality makeup and urges of a driven chef-as-artist than does this genial divertissement."


title: No Reservations (film)

text: "No Reservations" was released in 2,425 theaters in the US on July 27, 2007, and earned $11,704,357 and ranked fifth on its opening weekend. The film eventually grossed $43,107,979 in the US and $49,493,071 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $92,601,050.


title: No Reservations (film)

text: Abigail Breslin was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film by a Leading Young Actress for her performance as Zoe.


title: XKeyscore

text: XKeyscore (XKEYSCORE or XKS) is a secret computer system used by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) for searching and analyzing global Internet data, which it collects in real time. The NSA has shared XKeyscore with other intelligence agencies, including the Australian Signals Directorate, Canada's Communications Security Establishment, New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau, Britain's Government Communications Headquarters, Japan's Defense Intelligence Headquarters, and Germany's Bundesnachrichtendienst.


title: XKeyscore

text: In July 2013, Edward Snowden publicly revealed the program's purpose and use by the NSA in "The Sydney Morning Herald" and "O Globo" newspapers. The code name was already public knowledge because it was mentioned in earlier articles, and, like many other code names, it appears in job postings and online résumés of employees.


title: XKeyscore

text: On July 3, 2014, German public broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk, a member of ARD, published excerpts of XKeyscore's source code. A team of experts analyzed the source code.


title: XKeyscore

text: XKeyscore is a complicated system, and various authors have different interpretations of its actual capabilities. Edward Snowden and Glenn Greenwald explained XKeyscore as being a system which enables almost unlimited surveillance of anyone anywhere in the world, while the NSA has said that usage of the system is limited and restricted.


title: XKeyscore

text: According to "The Washington Post" and national security reporter Marc Ambinder, XKeyscore is an NSA data-retrieval system which consists of a series of user interfaces, backend databases, servers and software that selects certain types of data and metadata that the NSA has already collected using other methods.


title: XKeyscore

text: On January 26, 2014, the German broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk asked Edward Snowden in its TV interview: "What could you do if you would use XKeyscore?" and he answered:


title: XKeyscore

text: According to "The Guardian"s Glenn Greenwald, low-level NSA analysts can, via systems like XKeyscore, "listen to whatever emails they want, whatever telephone calls, browsing histories, Microsoft Word documents. And it's all done with no need to go to a court, with no need to even get supervisor approval on the part of the analyst."


title: XKeyscore

text: He added that the NSA's database of collected communications allows its analysts to listen "to the calls or read the emails of everything that the NSA has stored, or look at the browsing histories or Google search terms that you've entered, and it also alerts them to any further activity that people connected to that email address or that IP address do in the future".


title: XKeyscore

text: In an official statement from July 30, 2013, the NSA said "XKeyscore is used as a part of NSA's lawful foreign signals intelligence collection system. ..." to legally obtain information about "legitimate foreign intelligence targets in response to requirements that our leaders need for information necessary to protect our nation and its interests. ... to collect the information, that enables us to perform our missions successfully – to defend the nation and to protect U.S. and allied troops abroad."


title: XKeyscore

text: In terms of access, an NSA press statement reads that there is no "unchecked analyst access to NSA collection data. Access to XKeyscore, as well as all of NSA's analytic tools, is limited to only those personnel who require access for their assigned tasks." and that there are "...stringent oversight and compliance mechanisms built in at several levels. One feature is the system's ability to limit what an analyst can do with a tool, based on the source of the collection and each analyst's defined responsibilities."


title: XKeyscore

text: According to an NSA slide presentation about XKeyscore from 2013, it is a "DNI Exploitation System/Analytic Framework". DNI stands for Digital Network Intelligence, which means intelligence derived from internet traffic.


title: XKeyscore

text: Edward Snowden said about XKeyscore: "It's a front end search engine" in an interview with the German Norddeutscher Rundfunk.


title: XKeyscore

text: XKeyscore is a "piece of Linux software that is typically deployed on Red Hat servers. It uses the Apache web server and stores collected data in MySQL databases".


title: XKeyscore

text: XKeyscore is considered a "passive" program, in that it listens, but does not transmit anything on the networks that it targets. But it can trigger other systems, which perform "active" attacks through Tailored Access Operations which are "tipping", for example, the QUANTUM family of programs, including QUANTUMINSERT, QUANTUMHAND, QUANTUMTHEORY, QUANTUMBOT and QUANTUMCOPPER and Turbulence. These run at so-called "defensive sites" including the Ramstein Air Force base in Germany, Yokota Air Base in Japan, and numerous military and non-military locations within the US. Trafficthief, a core program of Turbulence, can alert NSA analysts when their targets communicate, and trigger other software programs, so select data is "promoted" from the local XKeyscore data store to the NSA's "corporate repositories" for long term storage.


title: XKeyscore

text: XKeyscore consists of over 700 servers at approximately 150 sites where the NSA collects data, like "US and allied military and other facilities as well as US embassies and consulates" in many countries around the world. Among the facilities involved in the program are four bases in Australia and one in New Zealand.


title: XKeyscore

text: According to an NSA presentation from 2008, these XKeyscore servers are fed with data from the following collection systems:


title: XKeyscore

text: In a single, undated slide published by Swedish media in December 2013, the following additional data sources for XKeyscore are mentioned:


title: XKeyscore

text: From these sources, XKeyscore stores "full-take data", which are indexed by plug-ins that extract certain types of metadata (like phone numbers, e-mail addresses, log-ins, and user activity) and index them in metadata tables, which can be queried by analysts. XKeyscore has been integrated with MARINA, which is NSA's database for internet metadata.


title: XKeyscore

text: However, the system continuously gets so much Internet data that it can be stored only for short periods of time. Content data remain on the system for only three to five days, while metadata is stored for up to thirty days. A detailed commentary on an NSA presentation published in "The Guardian" in July 2013 cites a document published in 2008 declaring that "At some sites, the amount of data we receive per day (20+ terabytes) can only be stored for as little as 24 hours."


title: XKeyscore

text: According to a document from an internal GCHQ website which was disclosed by the German magazine "Der Spiegel" in June 2014, there are three different types of the Xkeyscore system:


title: XKeyscore

text: For analysts, XKeyscore provides a "series of viewers for common data types", which allows them to query terabytes of raw data gathered at the aforementioned collection sites. This enables them to find targets that cannot be found by searching only the metadata, and also to do this against data sets that otherwise would have been dropped by the front-end data processing systems. According to a slide from an XKeyscore presentation, NSA collection sites select and forward less than 5% of the internet traffic to the PINWALE database for internet content.


title: XKeyscore

text: Because XKeyscore holds raw and unselected communications traffic, analysts can not only perform queries using "strong selectors" like e-mail addresses, but also using "soft selectors", like keywords, against the body texts of e-mail and chat messages and digital documents and spreadsheets in English, Arabic and Chinese.


title: XKeyscore

text: This is useful because "a large amount of time spent on the web is performing actions that are anonymous" and therefore those activities can't be found by just looking for e-mail addresses of a target. When content has been found, the analyst might be able to find new intelligence or a strong selector, which can then be used for starting a traditional search.


title: XKeyscore

text: "The Guardian" revealed in 2013 that most of these things cannot be detected by other NSA tools, because they operate with strong selectors (like e-mail and IP addresses and phone numbers) and the raw data volumes are too high to be forwarded to other NSA databases.


title: XKeyscore

text: In 2008, NSA planned to add a number of new capabilities in the future, like VoIP, , Exif tags, which often include geolocation (GPS) data.


title: XKeyscore

text: The NSA slides published in "The Guardian" during 2013 claimed that XKeyscore had played a role in capturing 300 terrorists by 2008, which could not be substantiated as the redacted documents do not cite instances of terrorist interventions.


title: XKeyscore

text: A 2011 report from the NSA unit in the Dagger Complex (close to Griesheim in Germany) said that XKeyscore made it easier and more efficient to target surveillance. Previously, analysis often accessed data NSA was not interested in. XKeyscore allowed them to focus on the intended topics, while ignoring unrelated data. XKeyscore also proved to be outstanding for tracking active groups associated with the Anonymous movement in Germany, because it allows for searching on patterns, rather than particular individuals. An analyst is able to determine when targets research new topics, or develop new behaviors.


title: XKeyscore

text: To create additional motivation, the NSA incorporated various gamification features. For instance, analysts who were especially good at using XKeyscore could acquire "skilz" points and "unlock achievements." The training units in Griesheim were apparently successful and analysts there had achieved the "highest average of skilz points" compared with all other NSA departments participating in the training program.


title: XKeyscore

text: According to documents "Der Spiegel" acquired from Snowden, the German intelligence agencies BND (foreign intelligence) and BfV (domestic intelligence) were also allowed to use the XKeyscore system. In those documents the BND agency was described as the NSA's most prolific partner in information gathering. This led to political confrontations, after which the directors of the German intelligence agencies briefed members of the German parliamentary intelligence oversight committee on July 25, 2013. They declared that XKeyscore has been used by the BND since 2007 and that the BfV has been using a test version since 2012. The directors also explained that the program is not for collecting data, but rather only for the analysis of collected data.


title: XKeyscore

text: As part of the UKUSA Agreement, a secret treaty was signed in 1954 by Sweden with the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand (called the Five Eyes) for the purpose of intelligence collaboration and data sharing. According to documents leaked by Snowden, the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA) has been granted access to XKeyscore.


title: XKeyscore

text: In an ongoing scandal, where it has been revealed that NSA helped FE (Danish Military Intelligence Service) build a new Spy datacenter at Sandagergård, Amager, Xkeyscore has been made available for FE to use on the collected data.


title: XKeyscore

text: The classified documents leaked by Snowden also indicate that in April 2013, NSA had secretly provided the XKeyscore system to the Japanese government.


title: Pınar Deniz

text: Pınar Deniz (born 4 November 1993) is a Turkish actress. She is best known for her roles in "Wounded Love" (2016–2018), "Love 101" (2020–2021) and "The Judgement" (2021–present). Deniz earned a Turkish Film Critics Association Award nomination for her performance in "Two Types of People" (2020). In 2022, She won the Golden Butterfly Award for Best Actress for her role in "The Judgement."


title: Pınar Deniz

text: Pınar Deniz was born on 4 November 1993 in Adana. Her family is the one of Arab families in antique multicultural city Mardin. Her family is of Lebanese descent. She stated that she could speak Arabic with Mardin dialect as a child, but now she has forgotten Arabic. She moved with her family to Tarabya, Istanbul, where she grew up. She graduated from the Istanbul University School of Public Relations and Advertising. She lost her maternal grandmother during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. She made her television debut in 2014 with the TV series "Sil Baştan", in which she portrayed the character of Evrim. She later appeared in a music video for Murat Dalkılıç's song, "Yani". Her breakthrough came with the popular TV series "Vatanım Sensin", in which she had the role of Yıldız. As of 2021, she shares the leading roles with Kaan Urgancıoğlu in the TV series "Yargı", with whom she had previously co-starred in the Netflix original series "Aşk 101".


title: Domestic goose

text: A domestic goose is a goose that humans have domesticated and kept for their meat, eggs, or down feathers. Domestic geese have been derived through selective breeding from the wild greylag goose ("Anser anser domesticus") and swan goose ("Anser cygnoides domesticus").


title: Domestic goose

text: In Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, the original domesticated geese are derived from the greylag goose ("Anser anser"). In eastern Asia, the original domesticated geese are derived from the swan goose ("Anser cygnoides"); these are commonly known as Chinese geese. Both have been widely introduced in more recent times, and modern flocks in both areas (and elsewhere, such as Australia and North America) may consist of either species or hybrids between them. Chinese geese may be readily distinguished from European geese by the large knob at the base of the bill, though hybrids may exhibit every degree of variation between the two species.


title: Domestic goose

text: Charles Darwin remarked in "The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication" that the domestication of geese is of a very ancient date. There is archaeological evidence for domesticated geese in Egypt more than 4,000 years ago. It has been proposed that geese were domesticated around 3000 BCE in southeastern Europe, possibly in Greece, but reliable evidence of domestic geese comes from a much later period (8th century BCE) in The Odyssey. Another potential domestication site is in Egypt during the Old Kingdom (2686–1991 BCE) due to iconographic evidence of goose exploitation, but this scenario for the original domestication event has been considered less likely. Geese were also herded by ancient Mesopotamians for food and sacrifices and depicted in Mesopotamian art from the early Dynastic Period (2900–2350 BCE) onwards. Certainly, fully domesticated geese were present during the New Kingdom times in Egypt (1552–1151 BCE) and contemporaneously in Europe, and goose husbandry involving several varieties was well established by the Romans by the 1st century BCE. In the Medieval Period, goose husbandry was at its peak with large flocks kept by peasants. Archaeological evidence of the domestic goose in northern Europe indicates that it was probably introduced into Scandinavia during the Early Iron Age (400 BCE–550 CE).


title: Domestic goose

text: Domestic geese have been selectively bred for size, with some breeds weighing up to , compared to the maximum of for the wild swan goose and for the wild greylag goose. This affects their body structure; whereas wild geese have a horizontal posture and slim rear end, domesticated geese lay down large fat deposits toward the tail end, giving a fat rear and forcing the bird into a more upright posture. Although their heavy weight affects their ability to fly, most breeds of domestic geese are capable of flight.


title: Domestic goose

text: Geese have also been strongly selected for fecundity, with females laying up to 50 eggs per year, compared to 5–12 eggs for a wild goose.


title: Domestic goose

text: As most domestic geese display little sexual dimorphism, sexing is based primarily on physical characteristics and behaviour. Males are typically taller and larger than females, and have longer necks. In addition, males can be distinguished by the protective behaviour they exhibit towards their mates and their offspring - the male will typically stand between his partner and any perceived threat.


title: Domestic goose

text: Changes to the plumage are variable; many have been selected to lose dark brown tones of the wild bird. The result is an animal marked, or completely covered in white feathers. Others retain plumage close to the natural; some, such as the modern Toulouse goose look almost identical to the greylag in plumage, differing only in structure. White geese are often preferred as they look better plucked and dressed, with any small down feathers remaining being less conspicuous. From the time of the Romans, white geese have been held in great esteem.


title: Domestic goose

text: Geese produce large edible eggs, weighing . They can be used in cooking just like chicken's eggs, though they have proportionally more yolk, and this cooks to a slightly denser consistency. The taste is much the same as that of a chicken egg, but gamier.


title: Domestic goose

text: Like their wild ancestors, domestic geese are very protective of their offspring and other members of the flock. The gander will normally place himself between any perceived threat and his family. Owing to their highly aggressive nature, loud call and sensitivity to unusual movements, geese can contribute towards the security of a property. In late 1950s South Vietnam, the VNAF used flocks of geese to guard their parked aircraft at night due to the noise they would make at intruders.


title: Domestic goose

text: Because domestic geese descended from the greylag goose are effectively the same species as their wild ancestor (being a subspecies formed through domestication), escaped individuals readily breed with wild populations, resulting in the offspring sometimes resembling either one of their parents, or bearing mixed plumage with patterns of grey and white feathers and orange beaks.