title: European People's Party Group

text: Activities performed by the group in the period between June 2004 and June 2008 include monitoring elections in Palestine and Ukraine; encouraging transeuropean rail travel, telecoms deregulation, energy security, a common energy policy, the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the Union, partial reform of the CAP and attempts to tackle illegal immigration; denouncing Russian involvement in South Ossetia; supporting the Constitution Treaty and the Lisbon Treaty; debating globalisation, relations with China, and Taiwan; backing plans to outlaw Holocaust denial; nominating Anna Politkovskaya for the 2007 Sakharov Prize; expelling Daniel Hannan from the Group; the discussion about whether ED MEPs should remain within EPP-ED or form a group of their own; criticisms of the group's approach to tackling low turnout for the 2009 elections; the group's use of the two-President arrangement; and the group's proposal to ban the Islamic Burka dress across the EU.


title: European People's Party Group

text: The debates and votes in the European Parliament are tracked by its website and categorised by the groups that participate in them and the rule of procedure that they fall into. The results give a profile for each group by category and the total indicates the group's level of participation in Parliamentary debates. The activity profile for each group for the period 1 August 2004 to 1 August 2008 in the Sixth Parliament is given on the diagram on the right. The group is denoted in blue.


title: European People's Party Group

text: The website shows the group as participating in 659 motions, making it the third most active group during the period.


title: European People's Party Group

text: The group produces many publications, which can be found on its website. Documents produced in 2008 cover subjects such as dialogue with the Orthodox Church, study days, its strategy for 2008–09, Euro-Mediterranean relations, and the Lisbon Treaty. It also publishes a yearbook and irregularly publishes a presentation, a two-page summary of the group.


title: European People's Party Group

text: The group has been characterised as a three-quarters-male group that, prior to ED's departure, was only 80% cohesive and split between centre-right Europhiles (the larger EPP subgroup) and right-wing Eurosceptics (the smaller ED subgroup). The group as a whole is described as ambiguous on hypothetical EU taxes, against taxation, Green issues, social liberal issues (LGBT rights, abortion, euthanasia) and full Turkish accession to the European Union, and for a deeper Federal Europe, deregulation, the Common Foreign and Security Policy and controlling migration into the EU.


title: George Müller

text: George Müller (born Johann Georg Ferdinand Müller, 27 September 1805 – 10 March 1898) was a Christian evangelist and the director of the Ashley Down orphanage in Bristol, England. He was one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren movement. Later during the split, his group was called the Open Brethren.


title: George Müller

text: He cared for 10,024 orphans during his lifetime, and provided educational opportunities for the orphans to the point that he was even accused by some of raising the poor above their natural station in British life. He established 117 schools which offered Christian education to more than 120,000.


title: George Müller

text: In 1829, Müller offered to work with Jews in England through the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews. He arrived in London on 19 March of that year, but by mid-May, he fell ill and did not think that he would survive. He was sent to Teignmouth to recuperate and, while there he met Henry Craik, who became his lifelong friend. Müller returned to London in September, but after ten days started to feel unwell again. He blamed his failing health on his having been confined to his house because of his studies. He asked the Society to send him out to preach but received no reply. By the end of November, he became doubtful whether the Society was the right place for him and on 12 December made the decision to leave but to wait for a month before writing. Müller returned to Exmouth in East Devon, England on 31 December for a short holiday and preached at various meetings while there. He wrote to the Society in early January, requesting that they might consider allowing him to remain with them if they would allow him "to labor in regard to time and place as the Lord might direct me". This they refused to do at a meeting on 27 January 1830, communicating this to Müller in writing, and thus bringing to an end his association with the London Society. He moved from Exmouth to Teignmouth and preached several times for Craik, which led to a number of the congregation asking him to stay and be the minister of Ebenezer Chapel in Shaldon, Devon, on a salary of £55 per annum. On 7 October 1830, he married Mary Groves, the sister of Anthony Norris Groves. At the end of October, he renounced his regular salary, believing that the practice could lead to church members giving out of duty, not desire. He also eliminated the renting of church pews, arguing that it gave unfair prestige to the wealthy (based primarily on James 2:1–9).


title: George Müller

text: Müller moved to England on 25 May 1832, to begin working at Bethesda Chapel. Along with Henry Craik, he continued preaching there until his death, even while devoted to his other ministries. In 1834, he founded the Scriptural Knowledge Institution for Home and Abroad, with the goal of aiding Christian schools and missionaries; distributing the Bible and Christian tracts; and providing Day-schools, Sunday-schools and Adult-schools, all upon a Scriptural foundation. By the end of February 1835, there were five Day-schools – two for boys and three for girls. Not receiving government support and only accepting unsolicited gifts, this organisation received and disbursed £1,381,171 – around £113 million in today's terms – by the time of Müller's death, primarily using the money for supporting the orphanages and distributing about 285,407 Bibles, 1,459,506 New Testaments, and 244,351 other religious texts, which were translated into twenty other languages. The money was also used to support other "faith missionaries" around the world, such as Hudson Taylor. The work continues to this day.


title: George Müller

text: The work of Müller and his wife with orphans began in 1836, with the preparation of their own rented home at 6 Wilson Street, Bristol for the accommodation of thirty girls. Soon after, three more houses in Wilson Street were furnished, not only for girls but also for boys and younger children, eventually increasing the capacity for children who could be cared for to 130.


title: George Müller

text: In 1845, as growth continued, the neighbours complained about the noise and disruption to the public utilities, so Müller decided that a separate building designed to house three hundred children was necessary, and in 1849, at Ashley Down, Bristol, the new home opened. The architect commissioned to draw up the plans asked if he might do so gratuitously. By 26 May 1870, 1,722 children were being accommodated in 5 homes, although there was room for 2,050 (No 1 House – 300, No 2 House – 400, Nos 3, 4 and 5 – 458 each). By the following year, there were 280 orphans in No 1 House, 356 in No 2, 450 in Nos 3 and 4, and 309 in No 5 House.


title: George Müller

text: Through all this, Müller never made requests for financial support, nor did he go into debt, even though the five homes cost more than £100,000 to build. Many times, he received unsolicited food donations only hours before they were needed to feed the children, further strengthening his faith in God. Müller was in constant prayer that God touched the hearts of donors to make provisions for the orphans. For example, on one well-documented occasion, thanks was given for breakfast when all the children were sitting at the table even though there was nothing to eat in the house. As they finished praying, the baker knocked on the door with sufficient fresh bread to feed everyone, and the milkman gave them plenty of fresh milk because his cart had broken down in front of the orphanage. In his autobiographical entry for February 12, 1842, he wrote:


title: George Müller

text: A brother in the Lord came to me this morning and, after a few minutes of conversation gave me two thousand pounds for furnishing the new Orphan House ... Now I am able to meet all of the expenses. In all probability, I will even have several hundred pounds more than I need. The Lord not only gives as much as is absolutely necessary for his work, but he gives abundantly. This blessing filled me with inexplicable delight. He had given me the full answer to my thousands of prayers during the [past] 1,195 days.


title: George Müller

text: Müller never sought donations from specific individuals and relied on the Almighty for all of his needs. He asked those who did support his work to give a name and address so that he could prepare a receipt. The receipts were printed with a request that the receipt be kept until the next annual report was issued so that the donor might confirm the amount reported with what he had given. The wording in the image reads: "Owing to the great increase of my work, I have found it necessary to authorize two of my assistants (Mr. Lawford and Mr. Wright) to sign receipts for donations, if needful, in my stead. Donors are requested, kindly to keep the receipts and to compare them with the "Supplement" to the Report, which records every donation received, so that they may be satisfied that their donations have been properly applied.-The "Supplement" is sent with the Report to every "Donor" who furnishes me with his or her name and address.-I would earnestly request all Donors (even those who feel it right to give anonymously) to put it in my power to acknowledge their donations at the time they come to hand; and should any Donor, after having done this, not receive a printed receipt within a week, they would much oblige me by giving me information at once. This interval must, of course, be extended in the case of Donors who send from places out of the United Kingdom. George Müller". Every single gift was recorded, whether a single farthing, £3,000, or an old teaspoon. Accounting records were scrupulously kept and made available for scrutiny.


title: George Müller

text: Every morning after breakfast there was a time of Bible reading and prayer, and every child was given a Bible upon leaving the orphanage, together with a tin trunk containing two changes of clothing. The children were dressed well and educated – Müller even employed an inspector to maintain high standards. In fact, many claimed that nearby factories and mines were unable to obtain enough workers because of his efforts in securing apprenticeships, professional training, and domestic service positions for the children old enough to leave the orphanage.


title: George Müller

text: On 26 March 1875, at the age of 71 and after the death of his first wife in 1870 and his marriage to Susannah Grace Sanger in 1871, Müller and Susannah began a 17-year period of missionary travel:


title: George Müller

text: Müller always expected to pay for their fares and accommodation from the unsolicited gifts given for his own use. However, if someone offered to pay his hotel bill en route, Müller recorded this amount in his accounts.


title: George Müller

text: He travelled more than 200,000 miles. His language abilities allowed him to preach in English, French, and German, and his sermons were translated into the host languages when he was unable to use the three languages which he spoke. In 1892, he returned to England, where he died on 10 March 1898 in New Orphan House No 3.


title: George Müller

text: The theology that guided George Müller's work is not widely known, but was shaped by an experience in his middle twenties when he "came to prize the Bible alone as [his] standard of judgement”.


title: George Müller

text: Müller also wrote of how he came to believe in the doctrines of election, particular redemption, and final persevering grace while staying in Teignmouth, Devon in 1829. George Müller was a founding member of the Plymouth Brethren movement. Doctrinal differences arose in the 1840s and Müller was determined to determine the truth by the "infallible standard of the Holy Spirit". At the time, he and Craik were pastors of the Bethesda and Gideon fellowships in Bristol. Membership at Gideon was open to all believers, while only believers who had been baptised could claim full membership of Bethesda, although all believers were welcome at Communion. Müller consulted Robert C Chapman on the issue of accepting unbaptised believers, and Chapman stated that distinction should be made between unbaptised believers who "walked disorderly" and those who lived according to the Bible. Müller and Craik independently contemplated the issue and decided that unbaptised believers, who otherwise lived according to Scriptural principles, should not be denied membership.


title: George Müller

text: Dissension arose at Gideon regarding the presence of unbelievers at communion and the view held by some that pews were private property. Eventually, Müller and Craik withdrew from this fellowship on 19 April 1840, concentrating thereafter on the Bethesda Chapel.


title: George Müller

text: John Nelson Darby and Benjamin Wills Newton became opposed concerning certain matters of doctrine and a discussion was held in Plymouth on 5 December 1845. A document entitled "The Principles of Open Brethren" stated: "Certain tracts issued by Mr. Newton were judged to contain error regarding the nature of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the question arose whether it was sufficient to exclude from the fellowship those who held the erroneous teaching, or whether all who belonged to a gathering where the error was tolerated were to be put outside the pale, even if they themselves had not embraced it. One party, led by Mr Darby, took the latter view. Others, in particular the Bethesda Church, in which Messrs Müller and Craik ministered, refused to admit any who were convicted of holding the evil doctrine themselves but did not exclude those who came from Mr Newton's meeting. The exclusive party thereupon declined to have any further fellowship with members of the Bethesda Church or others like-minded. The latter soon came to receive the title of 'Open Brethren'." The more exclusive side of the brethren movement became known as the Exclusive Brethren and was led by Darby. Darby called on Müller in July 1849 to discuss the split, but Müller had many prior engagements and could only receive Darby for 10 minutes. It was impossible to fully discuss the problem in such a short time, and the two men never met again.


title: George Müller

text: Though the pre-tribulational rapture doctrine gained momentum as a result of the literature of the Brethren movement, Müller's church was wary of such teachings. George Müller held to a Post Tribulation Rapture doctrine along with others such as Benjamin Wills Newton and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, and said that "scripture declares plainly that the Lord Jesus will not come until the Apostasy shall have taken place, and the man of sin shall have been revealed..."


title: George Müller

text: Müller wrote frequently about the stewardship of money and the non-reliance on earthly riches, and how God would bless the man who kept to these principles and felt that laying his own experiences bare would prove the truth of his claims. His personal income, from unsolicited gifts (he refused any kind of salary) rose from £151 in 1831 to more than £2,000 in 1870. However, he retained only around £300 a year for himself and his family, the rest he gave away.


title: George Müller

text: William Henry Harding said, 'The world, dull of understanding, has even yet not really grasped the mighty principle upon which he [Müller] acted, but is inclined to think of him merely as a nice old gentleman who loved children, a sort of glorified guardian of the poor, who with the passing of the years may safely be spoken of, in the language of newspaper headlines, as a "prophet of philanthropy." To describe him thus, however, is to degrade his memory, is to miss the high spiritual aim and the wonderful spiritual lesson of his life. It is because the carnal mind is incapable of apprehending spiritual truth that the world regards the orphan Houses only with the languid interest of mere humanitarianism, and remains oblivious of their extraordinary witness to the faithfulness of God.'


title: George Müller

text: His name is frequently spelled as "Mueller", particularly in the United States. Whilst "Mueller" is a possible substitute spelling for "Müller" in German, George Müller never changed his name from the original spelling and always took care to place the two dots over the letter "u" to form the umlaut. When asked by his nephew, Edward Groves, what difference this made to the pronunciation, Müller pronounced his name as though it was spelt "Meller".


title: George Müller

text: Müller was born in Kroppenstädt (now Kroppenstedt), a village near Halberstadt in the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1810, the Müller family moved to nearby Heimersleben, where Müller's father was appointed a collector of taxes. He had an older brother, Friedrich Johann Wilhelm (1803 – 7 Oct 1838) and, after his widowed father remarried, a half-brother, Franz (b 1822).


title: George Müller

text: His early life was not marked by righteousness – on the contrary, he was a thief, a liar and a gambler. By the age of 10, Müller was stealing government money from his father. While his mother was dying, he, at fourteen years of age, was playing cards with friends and drinking. While in seminary at the University of Halle in Germany, Müller described his status as one of


title: George Müller

text: wicked behaviour and unrepentant spirit ... Despite my sinful lifestyle and cold heart, God had mercy on me. I was as careless as ever. I had no Bible and had not read any Scripture for years. I seldom went to church; and, out of custom only, I took the Lord's Supper twice a year. I never heard the gospel preached. Nobody told me that Jesus meant for Christians, by the help of God, to live according to the Holy Scriptures. ...


title: George Müller

text: Then Müller attended a prayer meeting in a private home in 1825 which so moved him that a swift transformation began in his behaviour. "I have no doubt ... that He began a work of grace in me. Even though I scarcely had any knowledge of who God truly was, that evening was the turning point in my life."


title: George Müller

text: Müller's father hoped to provide him with a religious education that would allow him to take a lucrative position as a clergyman in the state church. He studied divinity at Halle and there met a fellow student, Beta, who invited him to the Christian prayer meeting which changed Müller's perspective. He was welcomed and began regularly reading the Bible and discussing Christianity with the others in attendance. After seeing a man on his knees praying to God, he was convinced of his need for salvation. He went to his bed, knelt and prayed, and asked God to help him in his life and to bless him wherever he went and to forgive him of his sins. He immediately stopped drinking, stealing and lying, and developed hope of becoming a missionary, rather than the comfortable clergyman that his father had envisioned for him. He began preaching regularly in nearby churches.


title: George Müller

text: Müller prayed about everything and expected each prayer to be answered. One example was when one of the orphan house's boiler stopped working; Müller needed to have it fixed. This was a problem because the boiler was bricked up and the weather was worsening with each day. So he prayed for two things; firstly that the workers he had hired would have a mind to work throughout the night, and secondly that the weather would let up. On the Tuesday before the work was due to commence, a bitter north wind still blew but in the morning, before the workmen arrived, a southerly wind began to blow and it was so mild that no fires were needed to heat the buildings. That evening, the foreman of the contracted company attended the site to see how he might speed things along and instructed the men to report back first thing in the morning to make an early resumption of work. The team leader stated that they would prefer to work through the night. The job was done in thirty hours.


title: George Müller

text: In 1862, it was discovered that one of the drains was blocked. Being some 11 feet underground, workmen were unable to find the blockage despite several attempts. Müller prayed about the situation and the workmen at once found the site of the problem.


title: George Müller

text: Strong gales in Bristol on Saturday 14 January 1865 caused considerable damage in the area and over twenty holes were opened in the roofs. About twenty windows were also broken and two frames damaged by falling slates. The glazier and slater normally employed had already committed their staff to other work so nothing could be done until the Monday. Had the winds continued, with heavy rain, the damage to the orphanage would have been much greater. After much prayer, the wind stopped in the afternoon and no rain fell until Wednesday, by which time most of the damage had been repaired.


title: George Müller

text: Once, while crossing the Atlantic on the SS "Sardinian" in August 1877, his ship ran into thick fog. He explained to the captain that he needed to be in Quebec by the following afternoon, but Captain Joseph E. Dutton (later known as "Holy Joe") said that he was slowing the ship down for safety and Müller's appointment would have to be missed. Müller asked to use the chart-room to pray for the lifting of the fog. The captain followed him down, claiming it would be a waste of time. After Müller prayed a very simple prayer, the captain started to pray, but Müller stopped him; partly because of the captain's unbelief, but mainly because he believed the prayer had already been answered. Müller said, "Captain, I have known my Lord for more than fifty years and there is not one instance that I have failed to have an audience with the King. Get up, Captain, for you will find that the fog has gone." When the two men went back to the bridge, they found the fog had lifted, and Müller was able to keep his appointment. The captain became a Christian shortly afterwards.


title: George Müller

text: Müller's faith in God strengthened day by day and he spent hours in daily prayer and Bible reading. Indeed, it was his practice, in later years, to read through the entire Bible four times a year.


title: George Müller

text: After his life, his work was continued by The George Müller Foundation, which was renamed The George Müller Charitable Trust on 1 March 2009. The Trust maintains the key principle of seeking money through prayer alone – it actively shuns fund-raising activities. The charity works together with local churches in the Bristol area to enable them to reach out and care for their communities, especially children, young people and families with physical, emotional, social or spiritual needs; and encourages giving to support mission, social care, relief and development work across the world. From 1986 to September 2010, it also provided residential care for the elderly in Tilsley House, Weston-super-Mare. The Trust continued to maintain a sheltered accommodation unit for the elderly in Tranquil House, next-door to Tilsley House, until it was closed in 2012.


title: George Müller

text: A small museum maintained by the Trust at its headquarters in Cotham Park, Bristol, is open by appointment only. Records of all children who passed through the orphanage are held and may be inspected by relatives for a modest fee.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Jessica Yaniv (whose legal name is Jessica Simpson) is a Canadian transgender activist in British Columbia who is best known for filing at least 15 complaints of discrimination on the basis of gender identity against various beauty salons after they refused to wax her male genitalia. The complaints were filed with the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal in 2018 and 2019. It was the first major case of alleged transgender discrimination in retail in Canada. In 2019, the Tribunal rejected her complaints and ruled Yaniv had racist motives. In following years, Yaniv has gone on to make additional complaints of discrimination, libel and privacy breach.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In 2019, she displayed a taser in a livestreamed YouTube video, resulting in her arrest. Yaniv was found guilty of a charge of possession of a prohibited weapon, and sentenced to a conditional discharge, along with receiving probation and a firearms prohibition.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv says that since she was six, she has considered herself transgender, but was afraid to be open about it. In her teens she was treated for gender identity disorder with associated depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv attended Kwantlen Polytechnic University in Surrey, British Columbia, studying computer science.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In 2008, she gained her first public attention, when she used Facebook to call for a National Sex Day on August 21. As part of the campaign, she sent out free condoms on request. She later revealed it was a viral marketing promotion. The promotion attracted over 100,000 Facebook users.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv worked in call centres and tech support. That led to her creating her own business, which provided internet support to customers. She ran the business for several years under her birth name, before legally changing her first name to "Jessica", while keeping her last name. From 2012 to 2017, Yaniv worked for the American vocal group Cimorelli, managing their social media and marketing products endorsed by Cimorelli. She also acted as public relations manager for the American house music singer Chelsko.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv is known in the Township of Langley for her advocacy on a number of issues before Township council. The issues she spoke on included providing feminine hygiene products, funding of her campaign for the Miss BC pageant title, and single-use plastics. Her advocacy of gender issues included seeking an end to gender based segregation in physical education classes.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: She also proposed and was an advocate for the "all-bodies swim" at a Langley township public pool. The proposed event was to be for ages 12 and up, with clothing above the waist optional, and with parents and caretakers prohibited.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In 2018, Yaniv filed discrimination complaints with the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal against multiple waxing salons alleging that they refused to provide genital waxing to her because she is transgender. In Canada's first major court case to deal with alleged transgender discrimination, Yaniv sought as much as $15,000 in damages from each beautician. In their defence, estheticians said they lacked training on waxing male genitalia and they were not comfortable doing so for personal or religious reasons. They further argued that being transgender was not the issue for them, rather having male genitalia was. Yaniv rejected the claim that special training in waxing male genitalia was necessary, and during the hearings equated the denial of the service to neo-Nazism. Respondents were typically working from home, were non-white, and were immigrants who did not speak English. Two of the businesses were forced to shut down due to the complaints.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: With regards to Yaniv making alleged racist comments toward the respondents, she said: "Yes, I did publish 'racist remarks' because being denied services daily from the East Indian community at any business, sucks," adding: "The immigrants are targeting trans people. We are the victims, not them."


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In October 2019, the Tribunal ruled against Yaniv and ordered her to pay $6,000 in restitution split equally among three of the service providers. The ruling was critical of Yaniv, with Tribunal Member Devyn Cousineau stating that she "targeted small businesses, manufactured the conditions for a human rights complaint, and then leveraged that complaint to pursue a financial settlement from parties who were unsophisticated and unlikely to mount a proper defence." She also said Yaniv had likely made respondents "feel uncomfortable or awkward for her own amusement or as a form of revenge". The Tribunal concluded that she had been financially motivated in 10 of the 13 complaints, was untruthful on the central aspect of her complaint, and had made "scurrilous attacks" on one of the respondents. The ruling also found Yaniv to be deceptive as she had used different Facebook accounts with different names and photos to engage the same esthetician. Cousineau added that Yaniv was "motivated to punish racialized and immigrant women based on her perception that certain ethnic groups, namely South Asian and Asian communities are 'taking over' and advancing an agenda hostile to the interests of LGBTQ+ people." For this reason the Tribunal ruled not only that, since none of the salons advertised waxing services for male genitals (e.g. scrotum), they did not discriminate against Yaniv on the basis of her gender identity, but also rejected the complaint regarding the refusal to wax Yaniv's arms and legs. An appeal by Yaniv against the verdict was rejected in November 2019.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: The Tribunal found that the complainant's pattern of filing a large number of complaints and then withdrawing them when the respondent mounted a defence to be improper. It rejected finding that she was a vexatious litigant, rather characterizing her as a "frequent litigant". Of Yaniv, the ruling also said: "Once her identity and role in these complaints was revealed, she faced a torrent of backlash and hatred, and from that point onward was representing herself in very difficult circumstances."


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: On January 7, 2020, the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF), which had represented three of the original respondents, announced it was representing another salon in an additional complaint filed by Yaniv in early October 2019. This represented the eighth case filed with the Tribunal by her, and Yaniv told "CTV News" that this time she believed case law was in her favour. The Tribunal ruled that any complaint by her would be deferred for six months due to her failure to pay fines imposed by Tribunal. In September 2020 it was announced that Yaniv had dropped the complaints against two salons.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In August 2020, Yaniv filed a new civil suit for $11,800 against three of the female beauticians involved in the Tribunal case. In an email to the "National Post", she said that she paid the money owed to the beauticians in the Tribunal case, but they had failed to remove related liens placed against her; so, she had to sue to protect her assets.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Also in August 2020, Yaniv sued the Township of Langley for $35,000 over her treatment surrounding her arrest and detainment on weapons charges in 2019. She said she experienced disability discrimination, that the cells at the jail were unsanitary, and one guard failed to provide her with diabetes medication or victim services. She also said that staff harassed her by using incorrect pronouns.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In October 2020, the JCCF claimed that it was representing Canada Galaxy Pageants, a beauty pageant for women and girls, against a human rights complaint lodged by Yaniv with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario on the basis that she had been discriminated against based on gender identity, gender expression and sex by not being accepted as a pageant contestant in the "28 Years and Older" division. The pageant has a stated policy of accepting genetic females and transgender females who have fully transitioned. The "Western Standard" reported that Yaniv sought damages in the amount of $10,000 for "injury to dignity and feelings".


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In January 2021, Yaniv announced that she had filed two complaints against the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police for discrimination with the Canadian Human Rights Commission.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In January 2021, Yaniv also filed small claims lawsuits in Surrey Provincial Court against Fraser Health and the Provincial Health Services Authority for allegedly breaching her personal health information in 2019, seeking $35,000 in damages and other relief.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In February 2021, the Township of Langley Fire Department wrote to Yaniv informing her that she would be charged if she contacted them again to request assistance getting out of a bath, alleging that she had summoned the Fire Department for this purpose dozens of times despite it not constituting a medical emergency and subjected Fire Department staff to "inappropriate and lewd conduct". Yaniv responded by contesting the allegations and stating that she intended to sue the Township of Langley for libel and "other things".


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In April 2021, Yaniv raised a civil claim against Rebel News Network Ltd seeking an injunction, damages, and other relief to address purported harassment and defamation. In July 2022, the Supreme Court of British Columbia dismissed the claim under the Protection of Public Participation Act on the basis that it was a strategic lawsuit against public participation.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Adrienne Smith, a BC human rights lawyer, said the case with Yaniv reversed much of the success the trans community had enjoyed with the tribunal in recent times. Smith said a major problem was that Yaniv had no legal representation, which allowed Yaniv to make serious errors, such as making negative comments on social media during the proceedings, which a lawyer would have prevented. Smith said it showed a need for better Legal Aid funding, so there would be representation for cases like this.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Following the filing of the complaint, Yaniv "has become embroiled in Twitter feuds with conservative figures, appeared on the radio show of American conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, and been the subject of dozens of news articles and opinion pieces". Jones and several other media outlets had used Yaniv's case to rile their followers. The case garnered international attention, including a segment on Tucker Carlson's Fox News channel show.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Toronto Lawyer and legal academic Omar Ha-Redeye stated that "those seeking to undermine the human rights regime, or to suggest that human rights have gone too far (typically in their objections to its inclusion of gender identity and gender expression), widely utilized the news stories around this case to make their point." Ha-Redeye also stated, "This case was also notable for the public spectacle it created outside of the Tribunal. It was characterized by incredible levels of hostility".


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Writing in July 2019, Arwa Mahdawi of "The Guardian" criticized the fact that the case had largely been covered by right-wing media, who she suggested normally were not concerned with the marginalized groups they showed concern for in the Yaniv case. Mahdawi also opined that a woman who feels uncomfortable working with a penis should not be called a bigot, as Yaniv suggested, and that such a claim "...makes a mockery of the hate crimes that are committed against trans people every day."


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In the "Daily Utah Chronicle," KC Ellen Cushman criticized left-wing and LGBTQ+ affirming media for their hesitancy in calling out Yaniv and other queer influencers for bad behavior, saying: "By allowing queer people who do bad things to avoid scrutiny, we make a more dangerous space for everyone in the community."


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In the "Toronto Star", Joanna Chiu reported that numerous transgender people had experienced a significant increase in online hate against them, as a result of coverage of the Yaniv Tribunal case. Chiu said transgender advocates "...worry the ruling could embolden transphobia, while the public loses sight of how marginalized the community still is in Vancouver."


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Australian commentator Rita Panahi called the case a "twisted form of social justice" and warned that the same could eventuate in Australia where a "woman who doesn't want to touch a stranger's penis and scrotum can be slandered as a bigot, lose her livelihood and find herself before a Human Rights Tribunal." It was cited as a factor in the centre-right Liberal-National Coalition's decision to oppose a proposed gender self-identification law in Victoria, Australia and was cited by Senator Pauline Hanson in the Parliament of Australia in support of the Australian Education Legislation Amendment (Prohibiting the Indoctrination of Children) Bill 2020.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv's discrimination complaints against the waxing salons were discussed in the 2021 book "" by journalist Helen Joyce.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Yaniv was arrested by the Langley RCMP detachment on August 8, 2019, after displaying a taser in a livestreamed YouTube video. She had been debating with transgender YouTuber Blaire White when she allegedly displayed a prohibited weapon. Commenting on the case, police noted the weapon was not directed at anyone. When police raided her home, they seized two conducted electrical weapons. Yaniv appeared in Surrey Provincial Court on January 13, 2020 to face weapons charges.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: According to Mathew Claxton in the "Aldergrove Star", the Surrey Court registry indicates Yaniv was found guilty of a charge of possession of a prohibited weapon, and sentenced to a conditional discharge. The "Langley Advance Times" reported that she received probation and a firearms prohibition.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In December 2020, the "Western Standard" reported that the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police had charged Yaniv with mischief and uttering threats in relation to an incident in October 2020 concerning Chris Elston.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In May 2022, Yaniv was found guilty of assault for physically attacking then-"Rebel News" journalist Keean Bexte in early 2020.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: According to Joseph Brean of the "National Post", multiple people have accused Yaniv of harassment. This includes claims she used vulgar and sexualized language in online communications with underage girls. Yaniv has denied these allegations. One of the allegations, was by a girl from Washington State, who said that Yaniv made declarations of sexual interest over social media when the girl was 14 years old, allegations Yaniv has strenuously denied. The girl shared a recording of Yaniv with the "National Post", in which Yaniv made sexual comments using the voice of Elmo from Sesame Street. Yaniv said the recording was a joke, not sent to the girl, but to a friend.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: In 2019, interactions on Twitter by Canadian feminist author Meghan Murphy and Jessica Yaniv resulted in Murphy being banned from Twitter. Murphy had referred to Yaniv as "him", in violation of Twitter's hate and harassment policy against misgendering. Murphy unsuccessfully sued Twitter over the ban.


title: Jessica Yaniv

text: Twitter also (at first permanently) banned Lindsay Shepherd, a Canadian columnist, from its platform on 14 July 2019 as a result of interactions with Yaniv. In their exchange, Yaniv said "I heard @realDonaldTrump is building a wall inside of your uterus aka your 'reproductive abnormality' hopefully the wall works as intended", to which Shepherd responded "At least I have a uterus, you fat ugly man". Twitter said that Shepherd had violated its rules against hateful content. Critics accused Twitter of "double standards" after allowing Yaniv "to go unpunished". Shepherd's Twitter account was reinstated later in July 2019.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William ( ; "The Garrison") formerly () and () (Lit. "The Black Garrison of Inverlochy"), (), formerly () is a town in Lochaber in the Scottish Highlands, located on the eastern shore of Loch Linnhe. At the 2011 census, Fort William had a population of 10,459, making it the second largest settlement in both the Highland council area, and the whole of the Scottish Highlands; only the city of Inverness has a larger population.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William is a major tourist centre on the Road to the Isles, with Glen Coe just to the south, to the east, and Glenfinnan to the west. It is a centre for hillwalking and climbing due to its proximity to Ben Nevis and many other Munro mountains. It is also known for its nearby downhill mountain bike track. It is the start/end of both the West Highland Way (Milngavie – Fort William) and the Great Glen Way (a walk/cycle way Fort William–Inverness).


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The earliest recorded settlement on the site is a Cromwellian wooden fort built in 1654 as a base for the New Model Army to "pacify" Clan Cameron after the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The post-1688 revolution fort was named Fort William after William of Orange, who ordered that it be built to control some of the Scottish clans. The settlement that grew around it was called Maryburgh, after his wife Mary II of England. This settlement was later renamed Gordonsburgh, and then Duncansburgh before being renamed Fort William, this time after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland. There have been various suggestions over the years to rename the town (for example, to Invernevis).


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The origin of the Gaelic name for Fort William, "", is not recorded but could be a loanword from the English "garrison", having entered common usage some time after the royal garrison was established, during the reign of William of Orange or perhaps after the earlier Cromwellian fort,


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Historically, the Fort William area of Lochaber was Clan Cameron country, and there were a number of mainly Cameron settlements in the area (such as Blarmacfoldach). Before the building of the fort, Inverlochy was the main local settlement and was also the site of two battles—the first Battle of Inverlochy in 1431 and the second Battle of Inverlochy in 1645.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The town grew in size as a settlement when the fort was constructed to control the population after Oliver Cromwell's invasion during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, and then to suppress the Jacobite risings after the 1688 overthrow of the House of Stuart.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: During the 1745 Jacobite Rising, known as the Forty-Five, Fort William was besieged for two weeks by the Jacobite forces, from 20 March to 3 April 1746. However, although the Jacobites had captured both of the other forts in the chain of three Great Glen fortifications (Fort Augustus and the original Fort George), they failed to take Fort William.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: In 1934, the Laggan Dam on the River Spean was completed as part of the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme by Balfour Beatty for the British Aluminium Company. The supervising engineers were the firm of C. S. Meik and William Halcrow, now known as the Halcrow Group. The dam was built to power the aluminum smelter.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: During the Second World War, Fort William was the home of , which was a training base for Royal Navy Coastal Forces.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: On 2 June 2006, a fire destroyed McTavish's Restaurant in Fort William High Street along with the two shops which were part of the building. The restaurant had been open since the 1970s and before that the building had been Fraser's Cafe since the 1920s. Development work began in 2012 on new hotel accommodation and street-level shops, which opened in 2014.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: In November 2016, Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group purchased the Lochaber aluminum plant from the Rio Tinto Group.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: On 3 April 2021, it came to light during Gupta's financial troubles involving Greensill Capital that the Jahama Highland Estates (formerly the "Alcan Estate") had been purchased in 2016 as part of the Rio Tinto Mines deal for the Lochaber aluminium plant, because the furnace requires so much power that the smelter is located near a hydroelectric plant, which drains the basin of the Estate.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The Estate includes the north face of Ben Nevis. According to reports, the Scottish National Party mandated that the Estate never be split from the hydro plant and aluminium smelter, but Gupta ignored them and placed ownership of the Estate in a company that is domiciled on the Isle of Man. The 2016 deal was worth £330 million and was guaranteed by the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer. Conservative finance spokesperson Murdo Fraser was critical of the alleged breach of the SNP agreement and urged the SNP to "take whatever steps are necessary to protect public funds".


title: Fort William, Highland

text: A "Waterfront" development was proposed by the council, but failed due to lack of public support. The development would have included a hotel, shops, and housing. The proposed development was slated to take 7 years by the local council, but opponents of the project said that it was unlikely to be completed before 2020. It was announced in April 2010 that the project had been abandoned.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Originally based on the still-extant village of Inverlochy, the town lies at the southern end of the Great Glen. Fort William lies near the head of Loch Linnhe, one of Scotland's longest sea lochs, beside the mouth of the rivers Nevis and Lochy. They join in the intertidal zone and briefly become one river before discharging to the sea. The town and its suburbs are surrounded by mountains. It is also on the shore of Loch Eil. It is close to Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles, Glen Nevis, and the town of Achnaphubuil, which is on the opposite shore of the loch. The original railway station, which was opened on August 7, 1894, was at the south end of the town. The consequence of this decision was that the town was separated from the lochside by railway tracks until the 1970s, when the present by-pass was built, and the station was re-located to the north end.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The town is centred on the High Street, which was pedestrianised in the 1990s. Off this, there are several squares: Monzie Square (named after the Cameron Campbells of Monzie, Perthshire, former landowners in the town); Station Square, where the long-since demolished railway station used to be; Gordon Square (named after the Gordons, who in the late 18th century owned land where the town now stands, when the town was named Gordonsburgh); and Cameron Square—formerly known as Town Hall Square. There is also Fraser Square, which is not so square-like, since it now opens out into Middle Street, but which still houses the Imperial Hotel.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The main residential areas of the town are unseen from the High Street and from the A82 main road. Upper Achintore and the Plantation spread steeply uphill from above the high street.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Inverlochy, Claggan, An-Aird, Lochyside, Caol, Banavie and Corpach outwith (i.e. outside) the town are the other main residential areas. These areas are built on much flatter land than the town.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William is the northern end of the West Highland Way, a long-distance route which runs through the Scottish Highlands to Milngavie, on the outskirts of Glasgow, and the start/end point of the Great Glen Way, which runs between Fort William and Inverness.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Glenfinnan, away, is home of the Glenfinnan Monument (Jacobite era) and the famous Glenfinnan Viaduct (as seen on a Bank Of Scotland £10 note). The viaduct has become known to millions in recent years as the "Harry Potter Bridge" after it featured in the films of the books by J.K. Rowling, specifically "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets". Glenfinnan has also been used in "Charlotte Gray" and "Highlander".


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Just outside the town is a large aluminium plant once operated by Alcan and powered by the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme, in its day the biggest tunnelling project in the world. This was formerly served by the Lochaber Narrow Gauge Railway better known locally as the Puggy Line.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The West Highland Line passes through Fort William. Owing to the difficult terrain in the area, the line from Glasgow to the south, enters from the north-east. Trains from Glasgow to Mallaig, the terminus of the line, have to reverse at Fort William railway station.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: An overnight train, the Caledonian sleeper, has its terminus at Fort William; this service is known colloquially as "The Deerstalker". The stands for local buses and express coaches are on MacFarlane Way adjacent to the railway station.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: The Caledonian Canal connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William is located on the A82. The closest motorway access is at junction 12 of the M90 near Perth, to the south-east.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Just outside the town, parallel to the Nevis Range Gondola, there is a large downhill mountain bike track which attracts thousands of visitors every year, including international competitors and fans.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Each year since 2002, Fort William has hosted a round of UCI Mountain Bike World Cup and, in 2007, it hosted the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships ('The Worlds'). Also a trials competition is held at the various courses at the bottom.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William has hosted the World Endurance Mountain Bike Organisation (WEMBO) solo 24 hour championship in 2014 and again in 2018. The event consists of riders racing for a full 24 hours and is won by the rider who has completed the greater number of laps.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William is the home of the Scottish Six Day Motorcycle Trial (SSDT); it is held annually in the first full week of May. It attracts many competitors from all across the globe and, in 2011, the event celebrated its centenary year.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William has two major shinty teams: Fort William Shinty Club and Kilmallie Shinty Club. It also has a football team, Fort William F.C., that competes in the Scottish North Caledonian League and plays home games at Claggan Park. There is also a cricket club at Fort William that participates in the North of Scotland Cricket Association league (NoSCA).


title: Fort William, Highland

text: In addition, the town is home to Lochaber Rugby Club and to the Lochaber Yacht Club, a Community Amateur Sports Club that was founded in 1954. The town also has one golf club, called Fort William Golf Club, which has eighteen holes and is open all-year-round; it also hosts weekly competitions.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Movies filmed in or near Fort William include "Being Human", "Braveheart", "Highlander", "Restless Natives", "Harry Potter" and "Rob Roy". The TV series "Rockface" was filmed mainly around Fort William and some scenes of "Monarch of the Glen" were filmed around Lochaber, although mostly near Newtonmore. "Local Hero" shot the internal Houston scenes in Fort William.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: In a celebration of mountains and the culture that surrounds them, and in recognition of the importance of climbing and walking tourism to the town, the Fort William Mountain Festival is held there each year. For a number of years, this volunteer-led festival has concentrated mostly around film but, starting in the Year of Highland Culture – Highland 2007, its scope was widened, and it dropped the word 'film' from its title.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Lochaber High School is the local high school and serves a large catchment area which includes the surrounding villages.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: West Highland College is part of the University of the Highlands & Islands. It hosts the School of Adventure Studies (SOAS) offering both FE courses & HE honours degrees.


title: Fort William, Highland

text: Fort William has an oceanic climate ("Cfb") with moderate, but generally cool, temperatures and abundant precipitation. Fort William is one of the wettest locations in the British Isles with December being the wettest month.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: All In was an independent professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by Cody Rhodes and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) in association with Ring of Honor (ROH). At the time, Rhodes and the Jacksons had been a part of the Bullet Club of New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and ROH. The event took place on September 1, 2018, at the Sears Centre Arena in the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates, Illinois. The event aired live on traditional PPV outlets, FITE TV, and Honor Club, but it was later made available for on-demand viewing on the NJPW World streaming service. The event included "Zero Hour", an hour-long pre-show that aired on WGN America. While independently produced, the event featured wrestlers from NJPW, ROH, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Impact Wrestling, Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), Major League Wrestling (MLW), and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: The event had eleven matches, with two being on the pre-show. The show's main event was a six-man tag team match which saw The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson, and Nick Jackson) defeat Rey Fénix, Bandido, and Rey Mysterio. In the penultimate match, Kazuchika Okada defeated Marty Scurll. On the undercard, Cody defeated Nick Aldis to win the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship, Jay Lethal successfully defended the ROH World Championship against Flip Gordon, and IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kenny Omega defeated Penta El Zero in a non-title match.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: The event was notable for being the first non-WWE or World Championship Wrestling promoted professional wrestling event in the United States to sell 10,000 tickets since 1993. The success of the event inspired the formation of All Elite Wrestling (AEW) in January 2019, with Rhodes, the Jacksons, and Omega becoming executive vice presidents of the company. AEW also established a spiritual sequel to All In entitled All Out.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: In May 2017, a fan asked "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" journalist Dave Meltzer on Twitter if Ring of Honor (ROH) could sell 10,000 tickets and Meltzer responded: "Not any time soon." Cody took Meltzer's remark as a challenge and responded: "I'll take that bet Dave." Eventually, the idea evolved from an ROH show to a self-funded event (with ROH's official sanctioning), promoted by Cody and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson). It was later announced that Kenny Omega, Brandi Rhodes, and actor Stephen Amell would be participating in the event.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On December 31, 2017, Cody and The Young Bucks announced on the Bucks' YouTube channel, "Being The Elite", that they were looking at different venues to hold the event. It was later reported by "Pro Wrestling Insider" that the event was set to be held in Chicago. On January 10, 2018, it was announced that the event would take place on September 1. On March 5, All In's venue was revealed as the Sears Centre located in the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Over the comings weeks, independent wrestlers would be announced to take part in the show, including Penta El Zero, Rey Fénix, Kazuchika Okada, Deonna Purrazzo (though she would later be removed after signing with WWE), Tessa Blanchard, Jay Lethal, Chelsea Green, Marty Scurll, and Hangman Page. Additionally, it was announced that to coincide with the event, Conrad Thompson would hold Starrcast, a fan convention which would feature numerous wrestlers and wrestling and podcast personalities including Jeff Jarrett, Eric Bischoff, Bruce Prichard, Diamond Dallas Page, and Macaulay Culkin. During the All In press conference on May 13, it was announced that Rey Mysterio and NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Nick Aldis would be taking part in the event.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Tickets for the show were put on sale on May 13 and sold out in less than 30 minutes despite Cody and The Young Bucks announcing only one match for the show. In the months leading up to the event, All In announced more wrestlers to take part, including Maxwell Jacob Friedman, Madison Rayne, Kota Ibushi, SoCal Uncensored (Christopher Daniels, Frankie Kazarian, and Scorpio Sky), Best Friends (Chuck Taylor and Trent Barreta), and The Briscoe Brothers (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe). During this time, Cody and The Young Bucks started a YouTube series called "All Us", chronicling the lead-up to the event. On July 13, it was announced that Alicia Atout, Bobby Cruise, Don Callis, Excalibur, Ian Riccaboni, Justin Roberts, and Sean Mooney would serve as All In's broadcast team, with Brent Tarring being announced as a commentator on August 27. Bandido was announced for the show on July 25. On August 6, it was announced on "Being The Elite" that All In's main card would broadcast on pay-per-view and Fite TV, with an hour-long pre-show called "Zero Hour" airing on WGN America at 6:00 p.m. Eastern time. Later that day, it was announced that the event's main card would also broadcast on ROH's streaming service Honor Club. Additionally on August 6, Jordynne Grace, Moose, Rocky Romero, Colt Cabana, and Ethan Page were announced for the show. From August 15 until August 18, Brian Cage, Billy Gunn, Jimmy Jacobs, and Marko Stunt were announced for the show. On August 23, Brandon Cutler was announced for the show. Punishment Martinez was announced for the show on August 27. On August 29, it was announced that All In would be available for on demand viewing on NJPW World, after being broadcast live. On August 31, Austin Gunn, son of Billy Gunn, was announced for the show. On September 1, Tim Storm was announced for the show. Wrestler Adam Birch was scheduled to be a producer on the show, but in the early morning hours of September 1 he was arrested in Schaumburg, Illinois after police noticed him sleeping in his car and discovered he had an outstanding warrant in Florida.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: All In comprised eleven professional wrestling matches, including two on the "Zero Hour" pre-show, that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines were produced on The Young Bucks' YouTube series "Being The Elite", the NWA's "Ten Pounds of Gold" documentary series, Cody's Nightmare Family YouTube series "ALL US - The All In Story", and at various shows produced by the promotions involved.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On April 10, Joey Ryan was (kayfabe) killed on "Being The Elite" by a mystery assailant in a Japanese hotel room. On June 4 on "Being The Elite", Japanese police arrested "Arrow" star Stephen Amell for Ryan's murder. On July 16, it was revealed that Christopher Daniels had framed Amell for the murder. On August 6 on "Being The Elite", it was announced that Amell, who had recently been released from prison, would face Daniels at All In. On August 27 on "Being The Elite", Daniels and Amell would have their final confrontation before the event, with Amell warning Daniels that he would put him through a table just like he did during his debut in Ring of Honor.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: During the May 13 All In press conference, National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) president Billy Corgan announced that Nick Aldis would defend the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship against Cody. If Cody were to win, he and his father Dusty Rhodes would become the first father-son duo to win the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship. During ROH's Honor United tour in London on May 27, it was announced that if Cody was able to reclaim the ROH World Championship before All In, then the match would become a Winner Takes All match for both the NWA and ROH world championships. Cody received his ROH World Championship match on June 29 at Best in the World, but he failed to capture the title despite Aldis trying to help him to win the match. Cody would receive a second title opportunity during the June 30 tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", but lost again. The match, now solely for the NWA title, was officially sanctioned by NWA management on July 31. On September 1, it was announced that former NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Tim Storm would be in Aldis' corner.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On June 8 at a WrestlePro event, Madison Rayne and Maxwell Jacob Friedman defeated Brandi Rhodes and Flip Gordon to qualify for All In. On the August 7 episode of "All Us", a four corners match between Rayne, Dr. Britt Baker, Chelsea Green and Tessa Blanchard was announced.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On July 5, it was announced that Marty Scurll would be taking on Kazuchika Okada at the event. Scurll began training with Nick Aldis to become a heavyweight on "Being The Elite" in preparation for the match against Okada. Over the subsequent episodes of "Being The Elite", multiple wrestlers would dismiss Scurll's chances of defeating Okada, including The Young Bucks, Jack Swagger, Rey Mysterio, Zack Sabre Jr. and Okada himself. On August 27 on "Being The Elite", Scurll responded to all doubts, stating he would defeat Okada at the event.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On July 16 on "Being The Elite", Joey Janela greeted Matt Jackson and Marty Scurll, immediately drawing the ire of Jackson. On July 23, it was announced that Joey Janela would face Hangman Page at All In. Later that day on Twitter, Page would send a warning to Janela and proclaim himself a Joey Killer. On August 12, on "Being The Elite", Page had a nightmare with his cowboy boots telling him that he would kill another Joey, referring to Joey Janela. On August 27 on "Being The Elite", Janela would provoke Page during an autograph session. On August 29, it was announced that the match would be a Chicago street fight.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On July 30, it was announced that Bandido, Rey Fénix and Rey Mysterio would take on The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) in a six-man tag-team match. During "Being The Elite" on August 27, Mysterio and actor Theo Rossi would mock The Young Bucks.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: On August 6, it was announced that the over budget battle royale and a tag team match between The Briscoe Brothers (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe) and SoCal Uncensored (Frankie Kazarian and Scorpio Sky) would occur on the "Zero Hour" pre-show. Shortly after, SoCal Uncensored started training for their match against The Briscoe Brothers at All In. On August 7, it was announced that Jay Lethal would defend the ROH World Championship against the winner of the over-budget battle royale.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Two matches were contested on the one-hour-long pre-show, called "Zero Hour", which was shown live on WGN America. Cody and The Young Bucks opened the event and brought out Road Warrior Animal. Afterwards, Cody and The Young Bucks offered those in attendance free Hot Topic and Pro Wrestling Tees merchandise.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: The first match of "Zero Hour" featured a tag-team match between SoCal Uncensored (Frankie Kazarian and Scorpio Sky) and The Briscoe Brothers (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe). During the match, Jay performed a Jay-Driller on Kazarian and Mark also performed a Froggy Bow on Kazarian for a near-fall. In the end, The Briscoes tried to execute a springboard doomsday device on Kazarian, but he reversed into a powerslam to win the match.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Next was the Over Budget Battle Royale with the winner facing Jay Lethal for the ROH World Championship on the main card. In the climax, Bully Ray eliminated Colt Cabana. Ray thought he won, but Flip Gordon in the guise of El Hijo de Chico El Luchador appeared and eliminated Bully Ray to win the battle royale and the ROH World Championship opportunity.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: The actual pay-per-view opened with Maxwell Jacob Friedman facing Matt Cross in singles match. In the end, Cross executed the shooting star press on MJF to win the match.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Next, Christopher Daniels faced Stephen Amell. After extensive blows with Amell, Daniels pinned Amell with the Best Moonsault Ever to win the match. After the match, the two shook hands.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: After this, Dr. Britt Baker, Chelsea Green, Madison Rayne and Tessa Blanchard faced off in a four corner survival match. In the climax, Blanchard performed the hammerlock DDT on Green to win the match. After the match, the four embraced.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Next, Nick Aldis defended the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship against Cody. As Aldis went to the top rope to perform a diving elbow drop, Cody's wife Brandi Rhodes tried to plead with Aldis to not do it. However, Aldis did the move and as soon as he jumped Brandi laid across Cody, taking the bulk of the hit. Aldis then pinned Cody, but he kicked out. Cody performed a Beautiful Disaster and then the Cross Rhodes on Aldis for a near-fall. Cody and Aldis attacked each other with punches and then Cody hit a vertebreaker on Aldis, but Aldis reversed it. In the end, Aldis tried to steal Cody's finisher, but Cody reversed and Aldis tried to pin him. However, Cody countered into a sunset flip to win the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship. With this win, Cody and his father Dusty Rhodes became the first father-son duo to win the championship.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: In the next match, Hangman Page faced Joey Janela in a Chicago street fight. In the end, Page performed the Rite of Passage on Janela from the top of a ladder through a table to win the match. After the match, the lights went out. Similar to The Undertaker, druids appeared, but instead of druids it was men in inflatable penis costumes. Joey Ryan, thought to be dead, appeared and Page tried to attack him, but Ryan attacked Page and performed a superkick and Page was carried out of the arena.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Next, Jay Lethal defended the ROH World Championship against the over budget battle royale winner Flip Gordon. Lethal came out in his Black Machismo gimmick. During the match, Gordon performed a Stardust Press on Lethal for a near-fall. Lethal tried to perform a diving powerbomb, but Gordon reversed and Lethal performed a Lethal Injection II on Gordon. In the end, Lethal executed the Lethal Injection on Gordon to win the match and retain the title. After the match, the two showed mutual respect for each other. Bully Ray then came out and attacked both Lethal and Gordon. Chicago's own Colt Cabana appeared to make the save and then the three performed a triple powerbomb on Ray through a table.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Next, Kenny Omega faced Penta El Zero in singles match. Omega tried to perform the One-Winged Angel, but Penta reversed into The Sacrifice. Penta executed the Fear Factor on Omega for a nearfall and later Penta tried to perform a lariat, but Omega performed the V-Trigger followed by a reverse frankensteiner. In the end, Omega performed another V-Trigger and then the One Winged Angel to win the match. After the match, the lights went out. When they came back on, Penta got up and attacked Omega with the Codebreaker. Upon closer examination, it was a second Penta El Zero, who unmasked to reveal himself as Chris Jericho, and challenged Omega to a match at his Rock 'N' Wrestling Rager at Sea cruise.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: In the penultimate match, Kazuchika Okada faced Marty Scurll in a singles match. In the end, Scurll provoked Okada and tried to break his fingers, but Okada reverted into the Rainmaker followed by a second Rainmaker to win the match.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: In the main event, The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) faced Bandido, Rey Fénix and Rey Mysterio in six-man tag team match. Bandido hit Matt Jackson with a backflipping backbreaker. Nick Jackson hit Bandido with a superkick. The Young Bucks also hit a superkick on both Fenix and Mysterio. Ibushi and The Young Bucks performed the More Bang for Your Buck. with Ibushi pinning Bandido for a nearfall. In the end, The Young Bucks performed the Meltzer Driver on Bandido to win the match.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Four months after the event, Cody and The Young Bucks, with several others, left Ring of Honor. WWE purportedly also offered Cody and The Young Bucks contracts, but they rejected the reported offers. On January 1, 2019, Cody and The Young Bucks founded their own promotion, All Elite Wrestling (AEW), with backing of billionaire businessmen and owners of the Jacksonville Jaguars football team, Shahid and Tony Khan, the latter becoming the President and chief executive officer of AEW, with Cody and The Young Bucks being executive vice presidents. Their inaugural event was announced as Double or Nothing to be held in May. Kenny Omega also became an executive vice president for AEW.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: During Double or Nothing on May 25, 2019, AEW announced that the Sears Centre would host All Out, the company's second pay-per-view event, on August 31, 2019, the day before the first anniversary of All In. All Out was established as a spiritual sequel to All In, and is held every Labor Day weekend at the Sears Centre Arena, now known as the Now Arena.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Ring of Honor retained the rights to the All In footage as a condition for Cody and The Young Bucks to promote the event. Those rights were acquired by AEW owner Tony Khan following his purchase of ROH in March 2022.


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: All In received near-universal acclaim, with "Sports Illustrated" calling a "near-perfect pay-per-view debut". John Moore of "Pro Wrestling Dot Net" recommended the event, but pointed that it "suffers [from] that ROH and New Japan problem of having too many matches".


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Larry Csonka of "411Mania" gave the event a final score of 8/10, saying "I found All In to be a tremendously fun show, with a lot of good to great wrestling and an absolutely great atmosphere". During the final matches, the production found time problems so the main event was shortened almost 12 minutes. The NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship match went six minutes shorter than originally planned. Many wrestling personalities such as Tazz and Daniel Bryan praised the event and its production and the quality of matches. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson praised Cody for his championship win on Twitter two days after the event. "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" journalist Dave Meltzer said the event was a "great success" and "he was happy for losing the bet" [...] the event exceeded his expectations especially the over the budget battle royal, which he called the "best laid out battle royal he had ever seen".


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Jesse Collings from "Wrestling Inc" said "the most important thing for the group was to put on a memorable show that satisfied the hardcore fans [...] while also entertaining more casual fans who were seeing a lot of the wrestlers for the first time and were not watching "Being The Elite" every week". Griffin Peltier from "Voices of Wrestling" said "All In was not only a great PPV but a historic event in pro wrestling history. Everything on the show felt fresh and felt rewarded as a viewer". Writing for The Ringer, Mike Piellucci praised All In, calling it "one of the greatest wrestling shows in recent memory".


title: All In (professional wrestling event)

text: Dave Meltzer gave six matches on the card four stars or higher. Despite the main event being significantly cut short due to time constraints, Meltzer gave that match a 4-star rating.


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: Endings, Beginnings is a 2019 romantic drama film, directed by Drake Doremus, from a screenplay he wrote alongside Jardine Libaire. The film is semi-improvised and loosely based on the screenplay. It stars Shailene Woodley, Jamie Dornan, and Sebastian Stan.


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2019. It was released on April 17, 2020, by Samuel Goldwyn Films.


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: It was announced in October 2018 that filming had begun on Drake Doremus’s next film project, which he co-wrote with author Jardine Libaire in Los Angeles. Shailene Woodley, Jamie Dornan, Sebastian Stan, Matthew Gray Gubler, Lindsay Sloane and Shamier Anderson were set to star. In November 2018, Sherry Cola joined the cast of the film.


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2019. Shortly after, Samuel Goldwyn Films acquired distribution rights to the film. It was originally scheduled to be released in theaters on May 1, 2020. On March 26, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the film being brought forward and released digitally on April 17, 2020.


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: "Endings, Beginnings" holds approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews, with an average of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Endings, Beginnings smothers its talented ensemble cast's committed work in a carelessly constructed, aimlessly dawdling story." On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 42 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Endings, Beginnings

text: Peter DeBruge of "Variety" gave the film a negative review writing: "Doremus tells his story in snippets, jump-cutting between grubby handheld footage of Daphne's life shot from with her face all or partially obscured. The film traps us outside her head, never really allowing us inside it." David Rooney of "The Hollywood Reporter" also gave the film a negative review writing: "The movie aims to make Daphne's journey raw and real, but mostly it's just insipid." Jeanette Catsoulis of "The New York Times" gave the film a positive review writing: "The writing might be a tangle of limp clichés, but the actors - especially Woodley and the terrific Wendie Malick as Daphne's mother - sweat to sell every line." Pete Hammond of "Deadline Hollywood" also gave the film a positive review writing: "Shailene Woodley, Jamie Dornan, and Sebastian Stan enliven and enrich this film of three 30-somethings caught up in a love triangle."


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Everything Must Go is a 2010 American comedy-drama film directed by Dan Rush and starring Will Ferrell. The film was based on Raymond Carver's 1978 short story "Why Don't You Dance?" and was released in theaters on May 13, 2011.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: In Arcadia, Arizona, salesman Nick Halsey is fired from his job of 16 years following an incident in Denver related to his alcoholism. After stabbing his supervisor Gary’s tires with his farewell gift – a Swiss Army Knife with his name on it – but leaving it behind, Nick has a confrontation with teenagers outside a convenience store. He returns home to find his wife Catherine is gone, the locks have been changed, and his belongings are strewn all over his lawn; she has left a letter explaining that she is leaving him, also over the Denver incident, and not to contact her.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: After spending the night on the lawn, Nick meets his new pregnant neighbor, Samantha, and pays a neighborhood boy named Kenny to watch his things. He discovers that he has been cut off from his credit cards, joint bank account, and phone service, and his company car is taken back. Almost arrested when the police ask him to vacate the premises, Nick has them contact his AA sponsor, Detective Frank Garcia, who provides him with a permit for a yard sale, allowing him three more days before he must move on.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Nick gets Kenny to help him sell his possessions, promising to pay him and teach him to play baseball, but is initially unwilling to let items go. He bonds with Samantha, who is still waiting for her husband to join her at their new house. Nick reveals that he had been sober for six months until a business trip to Denver, where he got blackout drunk with a female colleague; he awoke with no memory of the night before, but she lodged a complaint against him, leading to his firing.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Finding a yearbook with a friendly message from an old classmate, Delilah, Nick tracks her down; their reunion is awkward, but Delilah tells Nick he still has a good heart. Out of money and alcohol, Nick experiences withdrawal. Samantha brings him Valium and tells him to seek help, but Nick replies that she is no better than him for putting up with her husband’s drinking and frequent absences, and she storms off.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Nick awakens to find Kenny has arranged his belongings with thoughtful price tags, and they sell almost everything. Nick apologizes to Samantha, who admits he was right, and has told her husband to either come home or get a divorce. She, Nick, and Kenny go out to dinner, where Nick runs into Gary, who reveals that the Denver incident probably did not happen: the female employee was fired for having a history of suing coworkers for sexual harassment, and Nick would likely have gotten his job back if he had not slashed Gary’s tires. When Gary leaves his beer behind, Nick refrains from drinking and returns it to him.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Visiting Frank at his office, Nick answers a call on Frank’s phone from Catherine. He confronts Frank, who admits Catherine has been staying with him; they fight, and Frank declares that Catherine deserves better than Nick. Driving him home, Frank observes that Nick’s marriage was bound to fail, and gives him Catherine’s divorce papers to sign, along with some money and the keys to Nick’s house. Asking Frank to tell his wife he is sorry, Nick walks home; he almost stops at the convenience store where he regularly bought beer, but moves on and spends the night in his old bed.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: The next day, he pays Kenny – including what he skimmed for beer money – and receives an appreciative hug from Samantha, whose husband has come home. She hands him the picture she took of him a few days prior, with the message from the fortune cookie he gave her: “Everything is not yet lost”.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: Filming took place in Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona. The film was released September 10, 2010 at the Toronto International Film Festival as well as the London Film Festival on October 15.


title: Everything Must Go (film)

text: "Everything Must Go" received positive reviews and has a "certified fresh" score of 73% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 130 reviews with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10. The critical consensus states: "It may not improve on the Raymond Carver short story that inspired it, but "Everything Must Go" resists cliche and boasts a pair of magnetic performances from the perfectly cast Ferrell and Wallace." The film also has a score of 65 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 37 critics indicating "Generally favorable reviews."


title: Chloe Ferry

text: Chloe Ferry (born Chloe West Etherington; 31 August 1995) is an English television personality from Newcastle, known for being a cast member in the MTV reality series "Geordie Shore". She also took part in the nineteenth series of "Celebrity Big Brother" in 2017.


title: Chloe Ferry

text: On 30 June 2015, Ferry appeared in an episode of "Sun, Sex and Suspicious Parents" where her family followed her to Sunny Beach, Bulgaria. On 17 February 2015, it was announced that Ferry had joined the cast of "Geordie Shore" making her debut in the tenth series. On 13 January 2017, Ferry entered the "Celebrity Big Brother" house taking part in the nineteenth series. She was evicted a week later. Ferry also appeared in the second series of "Super Shore" in 2016 for one episode with another "Geordie Shore" cast member, Kyle Christie.


title: Chloe Ferry

text: Ferry was in a relationship with "Geordie Shore" co-star Sam Gowland from 2017 to 2019. In July 2020, Ferry announced that she is bisexual.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The Kinsey Reports are two scholarly books on human sexual behavior, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), written by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, Clyde Martin, and (for "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female") Paul Gebhard and published by W.B. Saunders. The two best-selling books were immediately controversial, both within the scientific community and the general public, because they challenged conventional beliefs about sexuality and discussed subjects that had previously been taboo. The validity of Kinsey's methods were also called into question. Kinsey was a zoologist at Indiana University and the founder of the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction (more widely known as the Kinsey Institute).


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The sociological data underlying the analysis and conclusions found in "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" was collected from approximately 5,300 males over a fifteen-year period. "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" was based on personal interviews with approximately 6,000 women. In the latter, Kinsey analyzed data for the frequency with which women participate in various types of sexual activity and looked at how factors such as age, social-economic status and religious adherence influence sexual behavior. Comparisons are made of female and male sexual activities. Kinsey's evidence suggested that women were less sexually active than men.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Kinsey's methodology used to collect data has received criticism. It has been suggested that some data in the reports could not have been obtained without collaborations with child molesters. The Kinsey Institute denies this charge, though it acknowledges that men who have had sexual experiences with children were interviewed, with Kinsey balancing what he saw as the need for their anonymity to solicit "honest answers on such taboo subjects" against the likelihood that their crimes would continue. Additionally, concerns over the sample populations used were later addressed by the Kinsey Institute. The conclusion of the Kinsey Institute was that none of Kinsey's original estimates was significantly affected by these data sources.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: More recent researchers believe that Kinsey overestimated the rate of same-sex attraction because of flaws in his sampling methods. Nonetheless, his work is considered pioneering and some of the best-known sex research of all time.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Parts of the Kinsey Reports regarding diversity in sexual orientations are frequently used to support the common estimate of 10% for homosexuality in the general population. Instead of three categories (heterosexual, bisexual and homosexual), a seven-point Kinsey scale system was used.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The reports also state that nearly 46% of the male subjects had "reacted" sexually to persons of both sexes in the course of their adult lives, and 37% had at least one homosexual experience. 11.6% of white males (ages 20–35) were given a rating of 3 (about equal heterosexual and homosexual experience/response) throughout their adult lives. The study also reported that 10% of American males surveyed were "more or less exclusively homosexual for at least three years between the ages of 16 and 55" (in the 5 to 6 range).


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Seven percent of single females (ages 20–35) and four percent of previously married females (ages 20–35) were given a rating of 3 (about equal heterosexual and homosexual experience/response) on Kinsey Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale for this period of their lives. 2 to 6% of females, aged 20–35, were more or less exclusively homosexual in experience/response, and 1 to 3% of unmarried females aged 20–35 were exclusively homosexual in experience/response.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Although Kinsey sought to work on a more 'complete' report involving 100,000 interviews and considered the initial 1948 publication to be a sample progress report, academics have criticized the sample selection and sample bias in the reports' methodology. Two main issues cited by researchers are that significant portions of the samples come from prison populations and male prostitutes and that people who volunteer to be interviewed about taboo subjects are likely to create a self-selection bias. Both undermine the usefulness of the sample in terms of determining the tendencies of the overall population. In 1948, the same year as the original publication, a committee of the American Statistical Association, including notable statisticians such as John Tukey, condemned the sampling procedure. In a tense meeting with Kinsey, Tukey supposedly declared that even a sample as small as three to five, chosen randomly, would be preferable to hundreds in Kinsey's sample. Psychologist Abraham Maslow stated that Kinsey did not consider "volunteer bias". The data represented only those volunteering to participate in discussion of taboo topics. Most Americans were reluctant to discuss the intimate details of their sex lives even with their spouses and close friends. Before the publication of Kinsey's reports, Maslow tested Kinsey's volunteers for bias. He concluded that Kinsey's sample was unrepresentative of the general population. In 1954, leading statisticians, including William Gemmell Cochran, Frederick Mosteller, John Tukey, and W. O. Jenkins issued for the American Statistical Association a critique of Kinsey's 1948 report on the human male, stating:


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Critics are justified in their objections that many of the most interesting and provocative statements in the [Kinsey 1948] book are not based on the data presented therein, and it is not made clear to the reader on what evidence the statements are based. Further, the conclusions drawn from data presented in the book are often stated by KPM [Kinsey, Pomeroy, and Martin] in much too bold and confident a manner. Taken cumulatively, these objections amount to saying that much of the writing in the book falls below the level of good scientific writing.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: In response, Paul Gebhard, Kinsey's close colleague, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" co-author, and successor as director of the Kinsey Institute for Sex Research, cleaned the Kinsey data of purported contaminants, removing, for example, all material derived from prison populations in the basic sample. In 1979, Gebhard (with Alan B. Johnson) published "The Kinsey Data: Marginal Tabulations of the 1938–1963 Interviews Conducted by the Institute for Sex Research". Their conclusion, to Gebhard's surprise he claimed, was that none of Kinsey's original estimates were significantly affected by this bias: that is, the prison population and male prostitutes had the same statistical tendency as those who willingly participated in discussion of previously taboo sexual topics. The results were summarized by historian, playwright, and gay-rights activist Martin Duberman, "Instead of Kinsey's 37% (men who had at least one homosexual experience), Gebhard and Johnson came up with 36.4%; the 10% figure (men who were "more or less exclusively homosexual for at least three years between the ages of 16 and 55"), with prison inmates excluded, came to 9.9% for white, college-educated males and 12.7% for those with less education.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: More recent researchers have criticized Kinsey's sampling methods and believe that he overestimated the frequency of nonheterosexual behaviors and attractions.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Historian Peter Gay described "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" as "methodologically far from persuasive".


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Sociologist Edward Laumann stated that the Kinsey Reports were limited to the biology of sex and lacked psychological and clinical information and analysis and that this "meant that sex research did not move into the mainstream of academic credibility. People took their reputations in their hands if they attempted to pursue it." Laumann also acknowledged that "The Kinsey report was a cultural event of enormous consequence."


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The Kinsey scale is used to measure a person's overall balance of heterosexuality and homosexuality, and takes into account both sexual experience and psychosexual reactions. The scale ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 being completely heterosexual and 6 completely homosexual. An additional category, X, was mentioned to describe those who had "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions," which has been cited by scholars to mean asexuality. The scale was first published in "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" (1948) by Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy and others, and was also prominent in the complementary work "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" (1953). Introducing the scale, Kinsey wrote:


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The average frequency of marital sex reported by women was 2.8 times a week in the late teens, 2.2 times a week by age 30, and 1.0 times a week by age 50. Kinsey estimated that approximately 50% of all married males had extramarital sex at some time during their married lives. Among the sample, 26% of females had extramarital sex by their forties. Between 1 in 6 and 1 in 10 females from age 26 to 50 were engaged in extramarital sex. However, Kinsey classified couples who have lived together for at least a year as "married", inflating the statistics for extra-marital sex.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The report estimated the amount of American citizens that have engaged in zoophilia to be approximately eight million.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: Data was gathered primarily by means of subjective report interviews, conducted according to a structured questionnaire memorized by the experimenters (but not marked on the response sheet in any way). The response sheets were encoded in this way to maintain the confidentiality of the respondents, being entered on a blank grid using response symbols defined in advance. The data were later computerized for processing. All of this material, including the original researchers' notes, remains available from the Kinsey Institute to qualified researchers who demonstrate a need to view such materials. The institute also allows researchers to use statistical software in order to analyze the data.


title: Kinsey Reports

text: The Kinsey Reports, which together sold three-quarters of a million copies and were translated into thirteen languages, may be considered as some of the most successful and influential scientific books of the 20th century. They were also associated with a change in the public perception of sexuality. In the 1960s, following the introduction of the first oral contraceptive, this change was to be expressed in the sexual revolution. Additionally, in 1966 Masters and Johnson would publish the first of two texts cataloguing their investigations into the physiology of sex, breaking taboos and misapprehensions similar to those Kinsey had confronted more than a decade earlier in a closely related field.


title: Auto Shankar

text: Gowri Shankar (21 January 1954 – 27 April 1995), better known as 'Auto' Shankar, was an Indian criminal, serial killer and gangster from Tamil Nadu, who was active in Chennai throughout the 1970s and 1980s.


title: Auto Shankar

text: Shankar was born in Kangeyanallur near Vellore. While he was in PUC, his father left the family for Odisha. In the early 1970s, he came to Chennai, first living in a Mylapore slum before moving to the fast-developing area of Thiruvanmiyur on the outskirts of South Chennai. Shankar had several wives. He married his first wife, Jagadeeswari, early in his criminal career and had 4 children with her. The marriage ended due to her suicide by self-immolation. His third wife, Lalitha, was a performer at a cabaret club he frequented.


title: Auto Shankar

text: He survived by peddling cycle rickshaws, and later began to operate an auto rickshaw, from which he got his nickname.


title: Auto Shankar

text: At the time, the area was a criminal hotbed and Shankar began transporting illegal liquor (prohibition being in force at the time), and Shankar soon realised that prostitution was more profitable with lower risks, due to its association with politically influential people who could keep the police in check. His gang eliminated rivals either through the police force or through murder. An incident in which a rival gangster named Babu was murdered in the early 1980s, and which was ultimately covered up led Shankar to focus more on prostitution.


title: Auto Shankar

text: Shankar's third wife, Lalitha, ran off with a pimp and Shankar's friend, Sudalaimuthu, and started their own outfit in the sex trade. An enraged Shankar planned his revenge by pretending to reconcile with the two through mutual friends. One night in October 1987, he invited her to one of his places in Periyar Nagar, then killed and buried her. He then rented the house to an old widow for Rs. 150. Shankar told Sudalai that Lalitha was on an all-India tour with a VIP, and two months later invited him for dinner. Shankar loaded Sudalai with liquor, strangled him, burned his body, and dumped his ashes in the sea. He then had the house renovated and explained away the burn marks by claiming they were roasted meat. When Sudalai's friend Ravi confronted Shankar, Shankar killed him and buried him outside his Periyar Nagar plot. He claimed the burial was of illegal arrack that he was hiding from an upcoming police raid, and posted a false letter to his wife claiming Ravi was in fact in Mumbai.


title: Auto Shankar

text: By 1988, he had a multistorey house, cars, bikes, and connections that could do anything. On 29 May 1988, he and his gang were confronted by 3 members of a rival gang: Sampath, Mohan and Govindraj, who refused to pay for using his women and demanded protection money. Shankar invited them into his den, promising to pay them, and then beat them to death and buried them. At the end of June, Sampath's wife Vijaya filed a complaint with Mylapore police that her husband was missing and Shankar could be responsible. She was advised to file a complaint with Thiruvanmiyur police instead, who arrested Shankar on charges of causing a nuisance and released him. Vijaya sent a petition to the governor, who ordered the police to investigate Shankar. However the reluctant police told Vijaya to not bother them with complaints. A distraught Vijaya turned to her journalist neighbour, who published an article implying they might have been murdered.


title: Auto Shankar

text: The Inspector General ordered a special enquiry and the deaths of the three men were discovered. When they arrested Shankar and interrogated him, he confessed to the murders and to the other three murders he had committed. However he escaped on 20 August 1990 with his five accomplices. Shankar's trial was held at the Chengalpattu sessions court. He was sentenced to death along with two of his associates, Eldin and Shivaji, on 31 May 1991, ultimately being hanged in Salem Central Prison in 1995.


title: Auto Shankar

text: In 1992, Shankar's five accomplices were sentenced to six months of Rigorous Imprisonment after having been found guilty by the Chengai-Anna District Judge N. Mohandoss. The accomplices were Shankar's brother, Mohan, Selva (alias Selvaraj) and the jail wardens Kannan, Balan and Rahim Khan. They were found guilty of "criminal conspiracy" and "resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension"


title: Auto Shankar

text: Subsequently, Mohan was also found guilty of the six murders and was given three Mohan had escaped from the Chennai Central Prison in August 1990 and was captured in Pune on 25 June 1992.


title: Auto Shankar

text: K. Vijay Kumar, the Tamil Nadu Additional Director-General of Police, claimed that cinema was solely responsible for making Shankar a criminal. He mentioned this during a seminar on "Crime and Media" in Kerala.


title: Auto Shankar

text: The trial has become widely known across the nation since the Supreme Court invoked the American free speech doctrine and the case became oft-quoted in relation to journalistic exposés.


title: Humaima Malick

text: Humaima Malick (born 18 November 1987) is a Pakistani actress who works in Pakistani films and serials. She is known for "Ishq Junoon Deewangi" as Pares Usmani and social-drama "Bol" in 2011.


title: Humaima Malick

text: Malick was born in Quetta into a Pashtun family. She graduated from Government Girls College Quetta and then moved to Karachi along with her family following her father's retirement. Malick has one brother, Feroze Khan, and one sister, Dua Malik. Singer Sohail Haider is her brother-in-law. Malick was previously married to Shamoon Abbasi.


title: Humaima Malick

text: Malick started her career as a model at the age of fourteen, through a Unilever Pakistan campaign. She first walked the ramp for fashion designer Deepak Perwani at the age of fourteen. Since then she has appeared in fashion shows for numerous designers.