title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner and the defense played well against the Carolina Panthers in the season opener, holding quarterback Cam Newton to only 171 yards passing and three yards rushing despite losing 23–3. Three weeks later against the Arizona Cardinals, Buckner recorded four tackles and his first sack of the year on Carson Palmer during the 18–15 overtime road loss. During Week 15 against the Tennessee Titans, Buckner recorded a season-high nine tackles and half a sack on former college teammate Marcus Mariota in a narrow 25–23 victory.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner finished his second professional season with 61 tackles, five pass deflections, three sacks, and a forced fumble in 16 games and starts.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: During the season-opener against the Minnesota Vikings, Buckner recorded seven tackles and sacked Kirk Cousins 2.5 times in the 24–16 road loss. In the next game against the Detroit Lions, he recorded five tackles and sacked Matthew Stafford once in a narrow 30–27 win. After the first two games of the season, Buckner eclipsed his 2017 sack total. During a Week 13 43-16 road loss the Seattle Seahawks, Buckner recorded seven tackles and sacked Russell Wilson twice. Two weeks later against the Seahawks, Buckner recorded a season-high 11 tackles and sacked Wilson twice more during the 26–23 overtime victory.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner finished his third season with 67 tackles, three pass deflections, a fumble recovery, and a career high 12 sacks, the most by a 49ers player since Aldon Smith had 19.5 during the 2012 season. Buckner was named to his first Pro Bowl as a result.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: During Week 2 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Buckner recorded a tackle and his first sack of the season on Andy Dalton in the 41–17 road victory. In the next game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Buckner recorded a season-high 10 tackles, sacked Mason Rudolph once, and recovered a fumble forced by teammate Arik Armstead on James Conner late in the fourth quarter to help seal a 24–20 victory. After a Week 4 bye, the 49ers hosted the Cleveland Browns on "Monday Night Football". In that game, Buckner recorded five tackles and a strip sack on Baker Mayfield which was recovered by teammate Nick Bosa as the 49ers won by a score of 31–3. During a Week 9 28-25 road victory over the Arizona Cardinals, Buckner recorded four tackles and a sack. In the next ganme against the Seattle Seahawks on "Monday Night Football", he recorded five tackles and recovered a fumble forced by teammate K'Waun Williams on running back Rashaad Penny. Later in the game, Buckner recovered a fumble lost by offensive tackle Germain Ifedi and returned it for a 12-yard touchdown during the 27–24 overtime loss. Three weeks later against the Baltimore Ravens, Buckner sacked Lamar Jackson once during the 20–17 road loss. With this sack, Buckner recorded at least one sack in every game against the AFC North during the season.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner finished the 2019 season with 61 tackles, 7.5 sacks, two forced fumbles, four fumble recoveries, two pass deflections, and a touchdown in 16 games and starts. On January 3, 2020, he was named as a Second-team All-Pro.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner made his playoff debut in the NFC Divisional Round of the playoffs against the Minnesota Vikings. In that game, he recorded two tackles sacked Kirk Cousins once in the 27–10 win. During the NFC Championship Game against the Green Bay Packers, Buckner recorded four tackles and recovered a fumble lost by Aaron Rodgers in the 37–20 victory. During Super Bowl LIV against the Kansas City Chiefs, Buckner recorded six tackles and sacked Patrick Mahomes 1.5 times in the 31–20 loss.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: On March 18, 2020, the 49ers traded Buckner to the Indianapolis Colts in exchange for their first round pick in the 2020 NFL Draft. He then signed a four-year, $84 million contract extension, making him the second-highest paid defensive tackle.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: During a Week 2 28-11 over the Minnesota Vikings, Buckner recorded his first sack of the season on Kirk Cousins in the end zone for a safety. During Week 11 against the Green Bay Packers, Buckner recovered a fumble forced by teammate Julian Blackmon on wide receiver Marquez Valdes-Scantling early in overtime to help the Colts win the game 34–31. Buckner was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list after testing positive for the virus on November 25, 2020. and activated on December 4. During Week 15 against the Houston Texans had a career-high three sacks on Deshaun Watson, including a strip sack that was recovered by the Colts, during the 27–20 road victory, earning AFC Defensive Player of the Week.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner finished his first season with the Colts with 58 tackles, 9.5 sacks, three pass deflections, two forced fumbles, and a fumble recovery in 15 games and 14 starts. On January 8, 2021, Buckner was named a first-team All-Pro for the 2020 season.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: During the season-opener against the Seattle Seahawks, Buckner recorded six tackles and sacked Russell Wilson once in the 28-16 loss. During a Week 6 31-3 victory over the Houston Texans, he recorded five tackles and a sack. In the next game against the San Francisco 49ers, Buckner recorded six tackles and a sack in the 30-18 road victory. The following week against the Tennessee Titans, Buckner recorded two tackles and a sack in the 34-31 overtime loss. During a Week 12 38-31 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Buckner recorded three tackles and a sack. Three weeks later against the New England Patriots, he recorded four tackles and a sack in the 27-17 victory. On December 22, 2021, Buckner was named to his second Pro Bowl.


title: DeForest Buckner

text: Buckner finished the 2021 season with 68 tackles, seven sacks, and three pass deflections in 17 games and 16 starts.


title: Divisor

text: In mathematics, a divisor of an integer formula_1, also called a factor of formula_1, is an integer formula_3 that may be multiplied by some integer to produce formula_1. In this case, one also says that formula_1 is a multiple of formula_6 An integer formula_1 is divisible or evenly divisible by another integer formula_3 if formula_3 is a divisor of formula_1; this implies dividing formula_1 by formula_3 leaves no remainder.


title: Divisor

text: An integer is divisible by a nonzero integer if there exists an integer such that formula_13. This is written as


title: Divisor

text: Other ways of saying the same thing are that divides , is a divisor of , is a factor of , and is a multiple of . If does not divide , then the notation is formula_15.


title: Divisor

text: Usually, is required to be nonzero, but is allowed to be zero. With this convention, formula_16 for every nonzero integer . Some definitions omit the requirement that formula_3 be nonzero.


title: Divisor

text: Divisors can be negative as well as positive, although sometimes the term is restricted to positive divisors. For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned.


title: Divisor

text: 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd.


title: Divisor

text: 1, −1, "n" and −"n" are known as the trivial divisors of "n". A divisor of "n" that is not a trivial divisor is known as a non-trivial divisor (or strict divisor). A nonzero integer with at least one non-trivial divisor is known as a composite number, while the units −1 and 1 and prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors.


title: Divisor

text: There are divisibility rules that allow one to recognize certain divisors of a number from the number's digits.


title: Divisor

text: A positive divisor of formula_1 which is different from formula_1 is called a ' or an ' of formula_1. A number that does not evenly divide formula_1 but leaves a remainder is sometimes called an of formula_1.


title: Divisor

text: An integer formula_49 whose only proper divisor is 1 is called a prime number. Equivalently, a prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two positive factors: 1 and itself.


title: Divisor

text: Any positive divisor of formula_1 is a product of prime divisors of formula_1 raised to some power. This is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.


title: Divisor

text: A number formula_1 is said to be perfect if it equals the sum of its proper divisors, deficient if the sum of its proper divisors is less than formula_1, and abundant if this sum exceeds formula_1.


title: Divisor

text: The total number of positive divisors of formula_1 is a multiplicative function formula_56, meaning that when two numbers formula_3 and formula_1 are relatively prime, then formula_59. For instance, formula_60; the eight divisors of 42 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 42. However, the number of positive divisors is not a totally multiplicative function: if the two numbers formula_3 and formula_1 share a common divisor, then it might not be true that formula_59. The sum of the positive divisors of formula_1 is another multiplicative function formula_65 (e.g. formula_66). Both of these functions are examples of divisor functions.


title: Divisor

text: number of divisors of about formula_78. However, this is a result from the contributions of numbers with "abnormally many" divisors.


title: Divisor

text: In definitions that include 0, the relation of divisibility turns the set formula_79 of non-negative integers into a partially ordered set: a complete distributive lattice. The largest element of this lattice is 0 and the smallest is 1. The meet operation ∧ is given by the greatest common divisor and the join operation ∨ by the least common multiple. This lattice is isomorphic to the dual of the lattice of subgroups of the infinite cyclic group formula_80.


title: Jimi Mistry

text: Jimi Mistry (born 1 January 1973) is a retired British actor. He is known for appearing in numerous films such as "East Is East" (1999), "The Guru" (2002), "Ella Enchanted" (2004), "The Truth About Love" (2005), "Blood Diamond" (2006), "Partition" (2007), "RocknRolla" (2008), "Exam" (2009), "It's a Wonderful Afterlife" (2010), and "West is West" (2010). He is also known for his roles, as Dr. Fred Fonseca in BBC1 soap opera "EastEnders", Latif in Cinemax series "Strike Back", Kal Nazir in long-running ITV soap opera "Coronation Street", and as Tom Bedford in Kay Mellor drama "The Syndicate".


title: Jimi Mistry

text: Mistry was born on 1 January 1973 in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, to a father of Indian descent and an Irish mother. He attended St James' Catholic High School in Cheadle Hulme (1985–1988) before his family moved to Cardiff where he attended Radyr Comprehensive School. Mistry trained at the Birmingham School of Speech and Drama.


title: Jimi Mistry

text: Mistry first gained exposure playing Dr. Fred Fonseca on BBC TV's "EastEnders", and has since worked on film and stage.


title: Jimi Mistry

text: His work includes starring roles in "East Is East", "The Guru" with Heather Graham and Marisa Tomei, "Blood Diamond" opposite Leonardo DiCaprio, Guy Ritchie's "RocknRolla" and "Partition" with Kristin Kreuk. He can be seen in the BAFTA-nominated movie "Exam", and also portrayed Satnam Tsurutani in the epic disaster film "2012".


title: Jimi Mistry

text: In 2010, Mistry appeared in Gurinder Chadha's film "It's a Wonderful Afterlife" which premiered at the 2010 Sundance film festival; "Basement", a horror film with Danny Dyer; and "West is West", the sequel to "East is East". Mistry has also produced, written and starred in a music documentary about Ibiza entitled "And The Beat Goes On", exploring the history of the island, the birth of House Music and the art of the DJ. DJs involved in the film include Paul Oakenfold, Danny Rampling, Nicky Holloway, David Guetta, Brandon Block, Alfredo, Pete Tong and Danny Tenaglia. Mistry, himself, regularly DJs in clubs across UK and Europe. He also runs and DJ"s London"s hippest "mystery" location party scene called Tabula Rasa, as well as having his own record label and studio. Mistry has also appeared in television series such as "Nearly Famous" and the second series of "The Syndicate".


title: Jimi Mistry

text: Mistry joined the soap "Coronation Street" in November 2013 as Khalid Nazir, a fitness coach and former soldier.


title: Jimi Mistry

text: In 2010, Mistry competed in the eighth series of BBC One's "Strictly Come Dancing", partnered with Flavia Cacace. The couple were eliminated after week 6.


title: Jimi Mistry

text: Mistry lived with Meg Leonard from 1993; they married in 2001 and divorced in March 2010. They have one daughter, Elin Leonard Mistry (born 13 May 2001). He resides in Devon with his wife, dancer Flavia Cacace, his professional dance partner on "Strictly Come Dancing" in 2010. The couple married in December 2013.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kirill Olegovich Kaprizov (; born 26 April 1997) is a Russian professional ice hockey left winger for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). Before joining the Wild, Kaprizov played for Metallurg Novokuznetsk, Salavat Yulaev Ufa and CSKA Moscow in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Kaprizov won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL rookie of the year in 2021, becoming the first Wild player to win the award. He is also known to fans by the nickname “Dolla Dolla Bill” and "Kirill the Thrill".


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov grew up in a small village about 60 miles outside of Novokuznetsk, a city in Kemerovo Oblast in south-western Siberia, Russia. He began playing hockey at the age of four, traveling daily between his village and downtown Novokuzentsk for practice before eventually moving to a more central location in the city to further his hockey career. Kaprizov played in the Metallurg Novokuznetsk hockey school from a young age, progressing to the Kuznetskie Medvedi junior team before beginning his professional career with the senior team in 2014.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with his hometown club Metallurg Novokuznetsk during the 2014–15 KHL season, after being drafted first overall in the 2014 KHL Junior Draft. On 21 August 2015, Kaprizov was signed to a three-year contract extension to remain with Metallurg Novokuznetsk.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: On 2 May 2016, he was traded to Salavat Yulaev Ufa. He would play one season for Ufa, totaling 42 points in 49 games before being traded to CSKA Moscow in 2017 in exchange for monetary compensation. He played in the 2018 and 2019 Gagarin Cup finals, winning the latter. During his final season under contract with CSKA in 2019–20, Kaprizov set career highs marks with 33 goals, 29 assists, and 62 points and tied his career best in games played with 57. His 33 goals led the KHL for the second straight season and his 62 points ranked third in scoring. He registered his 100th career goal on 15 October 2019, becoming the youngest player in KHL history to do so, at 22-years, 172-days old. In the postseason, Kaprizov posted four points in CSKA's first-round series sweep against Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod before the KHL cancelled its season due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, he and the rest of CSKA team were awarded the title of Russian champions based on regular standings. During his KHL career, Kaprizov was selected to five KHL All-Star Games in each year from 2016 to 2020.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov was drafted by the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League in the fifth round of the 2015 NHL Entry Draft, 135th overall. According to Wild owner Craig Leipold, the Wild's scouting department only became aware of Kaprizov when smog from the 2014 California wildfires delayed their flight home from a scouting trip in Russia. This allowed them to attend one of Kaprizov's games while playing for Metallurg Novokuznetsk. Upon being drafted by the Wild, Kaprizov learned about Minnesota from his Novokuznetsk teammate and Minnesota native Ryan Stoa. He has credited Stoa with motivating and helping him to learn English to prepare for his career in the NHL.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: On 13 July 2020, Kaprizov signed a two-year, entry-level deal with the Minnesota Wild. The contract would include the COVID-19 impacted and prolonged 2019–20 season, effectively burning the first year of his deal. Kaprizov made his NHL debut on 14 January 2021, against the Los Angeles Kings. He tallied three points, including the game-winning goal in overtime, in a 4–3 victory for the Wild, becoming the first player in NHL history to score three points and an overtime goal in his debut, and also becoming the third player in NHL history to score an overtime goal in his debut. He was subsequently named NHL First Star of the Week for the week ending 17 January. Kaprizov scored his first NHL hat trick on 12 March, in a 4–0 victory over the Arizona Coyotes. On 19 April, Kaprizov scored his 37th point, breaking the Wild's franchise record for points by a rookie which was previously held by Marián Gáborík (in 2000–01). Despite the shortened 2020–21 NHL season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Kaprizov set Wild franchise records for goals and points by a rookie, with 27 goals and 51 points. He would eventually be awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year, becoming the first player in Wild franchise history to receive the honor. He received 99 out of 100 first place votes, the highest percentage since Teemu Selänne in 1993.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: On 21 September 2021, Kaprizov signed a five-year, $45 million contract with the Wild. The contract came after months of negotiating in which Kaprizov was reported to be willing to return to CSKA Moscow if he had not come to terms with the Wild; however, regarding these reports Kaprizov said there was "no chance" he would have returned to the KHL. As a result of the contract, Kaprizov became the highest-paid sophomore player in NHL history. After starting the season with 40 points in 32 games, Kaprizov was selected to his first NHL All-Star Game. At All-Star weekend, he participated in the Breakaway Challenge in the NHL All-Star Skills Competition, with a tribute to Alexander Ovechkin by wearing Ovechkin's jersey and performing his famed "hot stick" celebration following a goal. On 2 April 2022, Kaprizov broke Marián Gáborík's franchise record for points in a season with 84, and later in the month would go on to break Gáborík's franchise record for goals in a season with 43. By season's end, Kaprizov set Wild franchise records in each of the major scoring categories with 47 goals, 61 assists, and 108 points.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov returned to Russia to visit family during the offseason despite Wild general manager Bill Guerin encouraging him to stay in Minnesota as a result of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. In July 2022, multiple Russian media outlets reported that Kaprizov was wanted in Russia for allegedly purchasing a fraudulent military identity card in 2017 to evade the mandatory military service required of Russian men aged 18 to 27. The reports occurred days after Philadelphia Flyers prospect Ivan Fedotov was arrested in Russia for purchasing a military ID in 2017; Kaprizov and Fedotov were teammates on Salavat Yulaev Ufa during this time. Responding to these reports, Kaprizov's father denied the allegations and stated that Kaprizov was a student at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration and thus his military obligations were delayed as a result of his studies. Despite the reports being largely refuted by Western media, Kaprizov attempted to leave Russia twice in the days following, once being denied entry to the United States via Dubai and later being denied entry via the Caribbean before returning to Russia. On 1 August Kaprizov successfully entered the United States via Turkey, arriving in New York City before returning to Minnesota the following day.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov has played for the Russian national team in the IIHF World U18 Championship, IIHF World Junior Championship, senior Ice Hockey World Championships, and the Winter Olympics. Kaprizov finished tied as the leading scorer at the 2017 World Junior Championship, with nine goals and three assists in 12 games played. Kaprizov and Russia won the bronze medals, beating Finland in the third place game. He was the youngest player on the gold medal-winning Olympic Athletes from Russia team at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Kaprizov scored the golden goal in overtime of the gold medal match against Germany to clinch the first gold medal for the Russian ice hockey team since 1992. His five goals throughout the Olympics finished tied for the tournament lead. In 2019, he won bronze at the 2019 IIHF World Championship.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov is a Russian Orthodox Christian. He is the godfather and namesake of his CSKA Moscow teammate Nikita Nesterov's son, Kirill Nesterov, who was baptized in the Russian Orthodox Church in 2019.


title: Kirill Kaprizov

text: Kaprizov enjoys playing video games, including games from the Counter Strike and Dota franchises. When back home in Novokuznetsk, he enjoys fishing and playing football.


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Taylor Danielle Spreitler (born October 23, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Mia McCormick in the soap opera series "Days of Our Lives" (2009–2010), Lennox Scanlon in the sitcom "Melissa & Joey" (2010–2015) and Kendra Gable in the sitcom "Kevin Can Wait" (2016–2018).


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Spreitler's films include the comedy "3 Day Test" (2012), the action thriller "The Contractor" (2013) and the horror films "" (2017) and "Leprechaun Returns" (2018).


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Spreitler was born in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, spent her younger years in Wiggins, Mississippi, and then moved to Amory, Mississippi.


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Beginning her career as a model, Spreitler's first commercial audition was for a national campaign for Motrin. This was followed by a series of spots, including those for Jif, Hess, and Chuck E. Cheese. In 2009, Spreitler signed a three-year contract to play the role of Mia McCormick on the NBC daytime soap opera "Days of Our Lives". In 2011, she was nominated for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series by a Young Actress at the 32nd Young Artist Awards.


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Spreitler starred as Lennox Scanlon, the niece of Melissa Joan Hart's character, in ABC Family's "Melissa & Joey". In 2016, she was cast as Kendra Gable, the daughter of Kevin James' character, in the CBS sitcom "Kevin Can Wait".


title: Taylor Spreitler

text: Spreitler co-starred with Bella Thorne and Thomas Mann in the 2017 horror film "". She also starred in the 2018 horror comedy film "Leprechaun Returns".


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The Sleeping Beauty ( ) is a ballet in a prologue and three acts, first performed in 1890. The music was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Opus 66). The score was completed in 1889, and is the second of his three ballets. The original scenario was conceived by Ivan Vsevolozhsky, and is based on Charles Perrault's "La Belle au bois dormant". The choreographer of the original production was Marius Petipa.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The premiere performance took place at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg on January 15, 1890. The work has become one of the classical repertoire's most famous ballets.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Tchaikovsky was approached by the Director of the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Ivan Vsevolozhsky on 25 May 1888 about a possible ballet adaptation on the subject of the story of "Undine". It was later decided that Charles Perrault's "La Belle au bois dormant" would be the story for which Tchaikovsky would compose the music for the ballet. Tchaikovsky did not hesitate to accept the commission, although he was aware that his only previous ballet, "Swan Lake", met with little enthusiasm at that stage of his career.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Tchaikovsky based his work on Brothers Grimm's version of Perrault's 'Dornröschen'. In that version, the Princess's parents survive the 100-year sleep to celebrate the Princess's wedding with the Prince. However, Vsevolozhsky incorporated Perrault's other characters from his stories into the ballet, such as Puss in Boots, Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, Bluebird, Bluebeard, Ricky of the Tuft and Tom Thumb. Other French fairy tale characters to be featured are Beauty and the Beast, Pretty Goldilocks and The White Cat. Regardless, Tchaikovsky was happy to inform the Director of the Imperial Theatre that he had great pleasure studying the work and came away with adequate inspiration to do it justice.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The choreographer was Marius Petipa, ballet master of the Imperial Ballet, who wrote a very detailed list of instructions as to the musical requirements. Tchaikovsky worked quickly on the new work at Frolovskoye; he began initial sketches in the winter of 1888 and began orchestration on the work on 30 May 1889.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The ballet's focus was on the two main conflicting forces of good (the Lilac Fairy) and evil (Carabosse); each has a leitmotif representing them, which run through the entire ballet, serving as an important thread to the underlying plot. Act III of the work, however, takes a complete break from the two motifs and instead places focus on the individual characters of the various court dances.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The ballet's premiere received more favorable accolades than "Swan Lake" from the press but Tchaikovsky never had the luxury of being able to witness his work become an instant success in theatres outside of Russia. He died in 1893. By 1903, "The Sleeping Beauty" was the second most popular ballet in the repertory of the Imperial Ballet (the Petipa/Pugni "The Pharaoh's Daughter" was first), having been performed 200 times in only 10 years.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: A production mounted at the La Scala in Milan did not arouse much interest and it was not until 1921 that, in London, the ballet finally gained wide acclaim and eventually a permanent place in the classical repertoire. In 1999, the Mariinsky Ballet reconstructed the original 1890 production, including reproductions of the original sets and costumes. Although the 1951 Kirov production by Konstantin Sergeyev is available on DVD/Video, the 1999 "authentic" version was never commercially released.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: "The Sleeping Beauty" is Tchaikovsky's longest ballet, lasting nearly four hours at full length (counting the intermissions). The complete score runs practically 3 hours. It is nearly always cut.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: At the premiere, Tsar Alexander III summoned Tchaikovsky to the imperial box. The Tsar made the simple remark 'Very nice,' which seemed to have irritated Tchaikovsky, who had likely expected a more favorable response. In any case the Tsar immediately paid Tchaikovsky a substantial bonus.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Prologue (The Christening)<br>King Florestan XXIV and his Queen have welcomed their first child, Princess Aurora, and declare a grand christening ceremony to honor her. Six fairies are invited to the ceremony to bestow gifts on the child. Each fairy brings a gift of a virtue or positive trait, such as beauty, courage, sweetness, musical talent, and mischief. The most powerful fairy, the Lilac Fairy, arrives with her entourage, but before she can bestow her gift, the evil fairy Carabosse arrives with her minions. Carabosse furiously asks the King and Queen why she had not received an invitation to the christening. The blame falls on Catalabutte, the Master of Ceremonies who was in charge of the guest list. Carabosse gleefully tears his wig off and beats him with her staff, before placing a curse upon the baby princess as revenge: Aurora will indeed grow up to be a beautiful, healthy, delightful young lady, but on her sixteenth birthday she will prick her finger on a spindle and die. The King and Queen are horrified and beg Carabosse for mercy, but she shows none. However, the Lilac Fairy intervenes. Though she does not have enough power to completely undo the curse, she alters it, allowing the spindle to cause a peaceful 100-year sleep for the princess, rather than death. At the end of those 100 years, she will be woken by the kiss of a handsome prince. Relieved that Aurora's life will ultimately be spared, the court is set at ease.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Act I (The Spell)<br>It is the day of Princess Aurora's sixteenth birthday. Celebrations are underway, though the King is still unsettled by Carabosse's omen. The master of ceremonies discovers several peasant ladies frolicking about with knitting needles and alerts the King, who initially sentences the women to a harsh punishment. The Queen gently persuades him to spare the innocent citizens, and he agrees. An elaborate waltz is performed and Princess Aurora arrives. She is introduced to four suitors by her doting parents. Aurora and the suitors perform the famous Rose Adagio. Presently, a cloaked stranger appears and offers a gift to the princess: a spindle. Having never seen one before, Aurora curiously examines the strange object as her parents desperately try to intervene. As predicted, she pricks her finger. While initially appearing to recover quickly, she falls into a swoon and collapses. The cloaked stranger reveals herself to be Carabosse, who believes that her curse still stands and that the princess is dead. Once again, the Lilac Fairy quells the hubbub and reminds the King and Queen that Aurora is merely asleep. The princess is carried off to bed, and the Lilac Fairy casts a spell of slumber over the entire kingdom, which will only be broken when Aurora awakens. A thick layer of thorny plants grows over the palace, hiding it from view.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Act II (The Vision)<br>One hundred years later, Prince Désiré is attending a hunting party. Though his companions are lighthearted, the prince is unhappy and eventually asks to be left alone. On his own in the forest, he is met by the Lilac Fairy, who has chosen him to awaken Aurora. She shows him a vision of the beautiful princess, and the prince is immediately smitten. The Lilac Fairy explains the situation, and Désiré begs to be taken to the princess. The Lilac Fairy takes him to the hidden castle. Carabosse makes one last attempt to cement her vengeful curse, but the Lilac Fairy and the prince manage to defeat her together at last. Once inside the castle, Désiré awakens Aurora with a kiss. The rest of the court wakes as well, and the King and Queen heartily approve when the prince proposes marriage and the princess accepts.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The royal wedding is under way. Guests include the Jewel Fairies: Diamond, Gold, Silver and Sapphire, and of course the Lilac Fairy. Fairytale characters are in attendance, including Puss in Boots and The White Cat, Princess Florine and the Bluebird, and others. Aurora and Désiré perform a grand Pas de Deux, and the entire ensemble dances. The prince and princess are married, with the Lilac Fairy blessing the union.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: Titles of all of the numbers listed here come from Marius Petipa's original scenario, as well as the original libretto and programs of the first production of 1890. Major changes which were made to the score for Petipa's original production are mentioned, and help explain why the score is often heard in different versions in theatres today.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: All libretti and programs of works performed on the stages of the Imperial Theatres were titled in French, which was the official language of the Emperor's Court, as well as the language in which balletic terminology is derived.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

text: The Walt Disney Company has registered a trademark with the US Patent and Trademark Office, filed 13 March 2007, for the name "Princess Aurora" that covers production and distribution of motion picture films; production of television programs; production of sound and video recordings. Some suggest that this may limit the ability to perform this ballet, from which Disney acquired some of the music for its animated 1959 film "Sleeping Beauty".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Coleen Patricia Nolan (born 12 March 1965) is an English singer, television personality, and author. She was a member of the girl group The Nolans from 1980 to 1994, in which she sang with her sisters. Since 2000, Nolan has been a regular panellist on the ITV talk show "Loose Women."


title: Coleen Nolan

text: From 2001 to 2002, Nolan co-presented the ITV daytime show "This Morning" and later returned to the show from 2010 to 2012 as a presenter of the interactive hub segments. In 2009, she competed in the fourth series of the ITV show "Dancing on Ice", in which she finished in fourth place. In 2012, Nolan appeared in the tenth series of the Channel 5 reality series "Celebrity Big Brother", finishing as runner-up. She returned to "Celebrity Big Brother" in 2017 and won the nineteenth series.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Coleen Patricia Nolan was born 12 March 1965 in Blackpool, England. She is the youngest of eight children and the only one born in England.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 5 February 1974, Nolan made her first television appearance with her sisters when she was almost nine years old, as The Nolans appeared on the "It's Cliff Richard!" television series. With the line-up featuring all six sisters and billed as "The Nolan Sisters", they performed "Stuck on You". That same year they released their debut single, "But I Do", with Nolan singing lead vocals. Owing to her age, Nolan would not become a full-time member of the group until 1980, when she was fifteen, although she does appear in the music video to their 1979 hit "I'm In the Mood for Dancing", which reached number three in the UK singles chart. The group had further UK top twenty hits with "Don't Make Waves" (1980), "Gotta Pull Myself Together" (1980), "Who's Gonna Rock You" (1981), "Attention to Me" (1981), "Chemistry" (1981) and "Don't Love Me Too Hard" (1982). In 1981, they won the Tokyo Music Festival with the song "Sexy Music".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 14 January 1987, Nolan appeared alongside her sisters Anne, Bernie and Maureen in the BBC sitcom "Filthy Rich & Catflap". In 1991, the group won a 33rd Japan Record Awards Kikaku-shō (Prize for Planning) for Cover version of Japanese pops. Nolan left the group in 1994 to concentrate on raising a family, although she did return briefly in 1995 to promote a re-recorded version of "I'm in the Mood for Dancing".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In 2000, Nolan became a regular panellist on ITV's "Loose Women". She has been with the series on and off for the last 20 years. She left "Loose Women" on 28 July 2011 only to return again on 7 October 2013 as a regular panellist. Since July 2014 Nolan has also been a relief anchor of the show.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Nolan presented the programme, "The Truth About... Eternal Youth" about plastic surgery on ITV in 2009, and presented "The Secret Guide To Women's Health" in 2010 on Sky Real Lives.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Beginning on 11 January 2009 Nolan took part in the fourth series of "Dancing on Ice" on ITV. Of her appearance on the show Nolan said, "I've never really skated. When I was 14 I used to go to Disco Beat in Blackpool with my friend. We'd skate round once, hanging on to each other, and spend the rest of the night posing, like 14-year-old girls do. I could only go forwards, I couldn't stop!" She was eliminated in week 10, finishing in fourth place. She went on to co-host the spin-off show "Dancing on Ice Friday" with Ben Shephard in 2010. and on 27 February 2011, she hosted "Dancing on Ice", in place of Holly Willoughby who fell ill.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 15 August 2012, Nolan was announced as the eleventh celebrity to enter the "Celebrity Big Brother" house on Channel 5.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In 2013, Nolan was a resident agony aunt on the ITV chat show "The Alan Titchmarsh Show", appearing on the show every Friday. In 2015 she took part in ITV's "Give a Pet a Home" series which worked alongside the RSPCA in Birmingham. The show began airing in April 2015, with Amanda Holden as host.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In 2017, Nolan participated in "Celebrity Big Brother" again. In the house she struck up a friendship with "Game of Thrones" actor James Cosmo. On day 18 she was put up for eviction by Jamie O'Hara during a nominations twist in the superheroes shopping task. On day 19 it was revealed that Nolan received the most votes out of her, Chloe Ferry, Kim Woodburn and Jedward in a live flash vote. Also on day 19, she voted for Cosmo to gain eternal immunity which he eventually won after the most housemates voted for him. On Day 32 (3 February), she was announced as the winner of "Celebrity Big Brother 19".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 3 September 2018, Nolan announced that she would embark on her first solo concert tour, the Never Too Late Tour, in 2019. Originally scheduled to begin on 11 January, the tour was postponed indefinitely on 6 September 2018.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 4 March 2002, Nolan was a panellist on BBC panel game show "Never Mind the Buzzcocks". On 25 May she appeared on "An Audience with Brian Conley". Later in 2002, she took part in the first series of the reality television programme "Celebrity Fit Club", which followed overweight celebrities as they tried to lose weight for charity.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 7 January 2003, Nolan appeared in the documentary "We Are Family" that chronicled the success stories of various musical acts that were made up of family members. In 2002 and 2003, she was a panellist on the chat show "The Wright Stuff" on Five and guest hosted the show herself in 2013.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 3 June 2005, Nolan took part in the first series of the ITV daytime programme, "Have I Been Here Before?" presented by Phillip Schofield, which offered celebrity guests the chance to see if they have lived before, through past life regression. Nolan was said to have been a "nervous 16-year-old debutante".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In September 2006, Nolan returned to "Celebrity Fit Club" as part of the judging panel in the fourth series. On 6 October she was a guest on "The Sharon Osbourne Show" and, ten days later, was a guest on the Irish chat show, broadcast and produced by RTÉ, "The Podge and Rodge Show".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: On 19 September 2008, Nolan appeared on "Al Murray's Happy Hour" and on 27 September she appeared with her family on the third series of "All Star Family Fortunes" competing against Barry McGuigan and his family. She has also made guest appearances on "Alan Carr's Celebrity Ding Dong" (31 October) and "The Paul O'Grady Show" (18 December), both on Channel 4.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In 2007, Nolan featured in television advertisements for the supermarket chain Iceland, along with her sister Bernie and former "Loose Women" colleague Kerry Katona. She appeared in further commercials for Iceland during the next couple of years. She was also the new face of Park Christmas Savings and appeared in their television advertisements in December 2010.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Nolan made her pantomime debut in 2013, playing the fairy godmother at the Manchester Opera House, and reprised the role in 2017 at the Bradford Alhambra.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Nolan married Shane Richie in 1990, and they had two sons before splitting up in 1997 and divorcing in 1999.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: She gave birth to a daughter, Ciara, on 19 June 2001 and became engaged to her longtime boyfriend Ray Fensome (a musician from Leeds) when he proposed on her 40th birthday in 2005. They married in November 2007. On 6 February 2018, Nolan announced that she and Fensome were getting divorced after two years of marital difficulties. The divorce was finalised in mid-December 2018, and Nolan said that she and Fensome have been able to remain friends with each other since the divorce.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Her mother, Maureen, had Alzheimer's. In 2006 Nolan opened the first Alzheimer's Society information centre on the Fylde coast. Maureen died on 30 December 2007.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: Nolan, at various times, has made controversial statements and shared opinions which some have deemed offensive.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In 2005, on "Loose Women", she said that if her 16-year-old son passed his exams, she would pay for him to go on a sex trip to Amsterdam and that she had given her fiancé Ray Fensome permission to have a one-night stand during the proposed trip. She gained criticism from Shane Richie, who said he was "disgusted and appalled" by her comments about their son, and that he hoped and assumed "it was said in total jest." However, Nolan defended her comments with assumption, saying that she had told her son that she would pay for a long weekend for him anywhere in the world and that he had mentioned how he and his mates had always wanted to go to Amsterdam to see the red light district. If he planned to go on a trip to Ibiza everybody would have thought that was fine, even though he would probably have unprotected sex with lots of girls. In the "News of the World" newspaper she said, "In an ideal world I'd never condone my son sleeping with hookers, but it's a fact of life that boys of his age have casual sex. So if I'm pushed, I'd rather he does it somewhere well-policed and where the girls have health checks than behind the wall of a club in Ibiza with absolutely no safeguards." In relation to her giving Ray Fensome permission to have a one-night stand, she said: "In all honesty, I couldn't care less [if he does]. What bothers me more is the thought of Ray going into a bar, chatting up a really stunning girl, having sex with her, spending the night and waking up with her the next morning. I couldn't cope with that."


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In January 2007, during a debate on "Loose Women" about gay adoption, Nolan said that gay people should not be allowed to adopt children, followed by her opinion that "there's only so much I want to accept".


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In May 2015, she compared gay rights with supporting ISIS and said that bakery owners should be permitted to discriminate against same-sex couples who wish to buy a wedding cake. Her comments were made on "Loose Women" after a Belfast bakery company was successfully sued for refusing to bake a cake in support of same-sex marriage. Following the show, some viewers took to Twitter and called for ITV to dismiss Nolan for making the comments.


title: Coleen Nolan

text: In August 2018, she and fellow "Loose Women" panellists Linda Nolan, Janet Street-Porter and Linda Robson caused controversy due to their actions in an on-air argument with guest Kim Woodburn which led to Woodburn walking off set crying after the topic of her child abuse arose. Woodburn and Nolan had an onscreen history of a sour relationship due to comments and claims made from both parties in the "Celebrity Big Brother" house in 2017. Woodburn had been invited to come on the show to reconcile with Nolan, but later claimed her attendance was due to the money offered. The row led to over 8,000 complaints to Ofcom, with the majority accusing Nolan and her fellow panellists of 'bullying Woodburn'. Some of Woodburn's supporters even set up a campaign to have Nolan removed from the "Loose Women" panel completely. She apologised on "This Morning" in September 2018 and confirmed that she had taken a break from "Loose Women" and that she had also postponed her 'Never Too Late' solo concert tour. She returned to "Loose Women" in December 2018.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: Sekhar Kammula (born 4 February 1972) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer who works in Telugu cinema. He has garnered two Filmfare Awards South, and six state Nandi Awards for his directional works. Sekhar Kammula was among the director's delegation to represent South Indian Cinema at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: A Master of Science and Master of Fine Arts holder from Rutgers University and Howard University respectively, Sekhar Kammula made his directorial debut with the independent film "Dollar Dreams" (2000), which won him the National Film Award for Best First film of a director. The film was also screened at the International Film Festival of India. Kammula went onto direct critically and commercially successful Telugu films like "Anand" (2004), "Godavari" (2006), "Happy Days" (2007), "Leader" (2010), "Fidaa" (2017), and "Love Story" (2021).


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: Sekhar Kammula was born in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh and brought up in Hyderabad, Telangana. He graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, and completed his Masters M.S from Rutgers University in Computer Science in the U.S. He worked in the IT industry for about 3 years and then joined a film school and got his M.F.A (Film) degree at Howard University, Washington D.C. During this time he worked on a number of films (short and feature length) in the U.S.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: Kammula made his film directorial debut with the independent film "Dollar Dreams" (2000), shot in both Telugu and English which was a critical success, and won him the National Film Award for Best First film of a director. The film was screened at the International Film Festival of India.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: His second film, "Anand" (2004) was a commercial success and was among highest grossing Telugu films of that year. His next film, "Godavari", was praised by critics and was a commercial success.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: In 2007, his directed "Happy Days" which depicted the regular college life of engineering students. The film was very successful, especially among the urban youth of then Andhra Pradesh. The film was later remade in Tamil and Kannada languages. He then directed political film "Leader" which released in 2010 to positive reviews. Rediff.com noted that "If anything, the film is a wish-list of what one would like to see in the arena of politics, which Sekhar should be lauded for even trying."


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: In 2012, Kammula written, produced and directed "Life Is Beautiful", his first production venture. The film had a positive reception from critics and audience. Firstpost called the film a revamped version of "Happy Days" (2007) and noted similarities between the characters written by Kammula in both the films. Later in 2014, he directed Anaamika, a Telugu remake of 2012 Hindi film "Kahaani" in which Nayantara played Vidya Balan's character.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: In 2017, his romantic comedy film "Fidaa", starring Varun Tej and Sai Pallavi, grossed over 90 crore worldwide at the box office. In 2021, His Telugu film, "Love Story", starring Naga Chaitanya and Sai Pallavi was released to mostly positive reviews.


title: Sekhar Kammula

text: Kammula's films often focuses on the relationship between men and women in their routine life circumstances filled with both happiness and hardships. Sankeertana Varma of "Film Companion" calls film portrayal of his female characters as somewhat "special." She writes that they aren't particular "strong women" but they are real. Varma adds that though his female characters display their egos and throw tantrums, they are unbreakable and refuse to fit in the typical societal norms expected from a normal woman.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula ( or , "Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab", "Organization of Jihad's Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), abbreviated as AQAP, also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (, "Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah", "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia"), is a militant Sunni Islamist terrorist group primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia that is part of the al-Qaeda network. It is considered the most active of al-Qaeda's branches that emerged after the weakening of central leadership. The U.S. government believes AQAP to be the most dangerous al-Qaeda branch. The group established an emirate during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution, which waned in power after foreign interventions in the subsequent Yemeni Civil War.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The group has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations and several countries and international organizations.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Like al-Qaeda Central, AQAP opposes the monarchy of the House of Saud. AQAP was formed in January 2009 from a merger of al-Qaeda's Yemeni and Saudi branches. The Saudi group had been effectively suppressed by the Saudi government, forcing its members to seek sanctuary in Yemen. In 2010, it was believed to have several hundred members. The group also seeks for the destruction of the Israeli state and the liberation of the Palestinian territories.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The number of terrorist in the West that originated from Pakistan declined considerably from most of them (at the outset), to 75% in 2007, and to 50% in 2010, as al-Qaeda shifted to Somalia and Yemen.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton formally designated al-Qaeda in Yemen a terrorist organization on December 14, 2009. On August 24, 2010, The Washington Post journalist Greg Miller wrote that the CIA believed Yemen's branch of al-Qaeda had surpassed its parent organization, Osama bin Laden's core group, as al-Qaeda's most dangerous threat to the U.S. homeland.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On August 26, 2010, Yemen claimed that U.S. officials had exaggerated the size and danger of al-Qaeda in Yemen, insisting also that fighting the jihadist network's local branch remained Sanaa's job. A former bodyguard of Osama bin Laden warned of an escalation in fighting between al-Qaeda and Yemeni authorities and predicted the government would need outside intervention to stay in power.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: However, Ahmed al-Bahri told the Associated Press that attacks by al-Qaeda in southern Yemen was an indication of its increasing strength.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Al-Qaeda was responsible for the "USS Cole" bombing in October 2000 in Aden, killing 17 U.S. sailors. In 2002, an al-Qaeda attack damaged a French supertanker in the Gulf of Aden.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In addition to a number of attacks in Saudi Arabia, and the kidnap and murder of Paul Marshall Johnson Jr. in Riyadh in 2004, the group is suspected in connection with a bombing in Doha, Qatar, in March 2005. For a chronology of recent Islamist militant attacks in Saudi Arabia, see terrorism in Saudi Arabia.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In the 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting, Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad, formerly known as Carlos Leon Bledsoe, a Muslim convert who had spent time in Yemen, on June 1, 2009, opened fire with an SKS Rifle in a drive-by shooting on soldiers in front of a United States military recruiting office in Little Rock, Arkansas, in a "jihad" attack. He killed Private William Long, and wounded Private Quinton Ezeagwula. He said that he was affiliated with and had been sent by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: AQAP said it was responsible for Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's attempted Christmas Day bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 as it approached Detroit on December 25, 2009. In that incident, Abdulmutallab reportedly tried to set off plastic explosives sewn to his underwear, but failed to detonate them properly.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On February 8, 2010, deputy leader Said Ali al-Shihri called for a regional holy war and blockade of the Red Sea to prevent shipments to Israel. In an audiotape he called upon Somalia's al-Shabaab militant group for assistance in the blockade.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The 2010 cargo planes bomb plot was discovered on October 29, 2010, when two packages containing bombs found on cargo aircraft, based on intelligence received from government intelligence agencies, in the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. The packages originated from Yemen, and were addressed to outdated addresses of two Jewish institutions in Chicago, Illinois, one of which was the Congregation Or Chadash, a LGBT synagogue. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula took responsibility for the plot. It posted its acceptance of responsibility on a number of radical Islamist websites monitored by the SITE Intelligence Group and the Nine Eleven Finding Answers Foundation, and wrote:


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: It also claimed responsibility for the crash of a UPS Boeing 747-400 cargo plane in Dubai on September 3. The statement continued:


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: American authorities had said they believed that al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was behind the plot. Officials in the United Kingdom and the United States believe that it is most likely that the bombs were designed to destroy the planes carrying them.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In November 2010, the group announced a strategy, called "Operation Hemorrhage", which it said was designed to capitalize on the "security phobia that is sweeping America." The program would call for a large number of inexpensive, small-scale attacks against United States interests, with the intent of weakening the U.S. economy.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 21 May 2012, a soldier wearing a belt of explosives carried out a suicide attack on military personnel preparing for a parade rehearsal for Yemen's Unity Day. With over 120 people dead and 200 more injured, the attack was the deadliest in Yemeni history. AQAP claimed responsibility for the attack.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: During the June 2012 al Qaeda retreat from its key southern Yemen stronghold, the organization planted land mines, which killed 73 civilians. According to the governor's office in Abyan province, 3,000 mines were removed from around Zinjibar and Jaar.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 5 December 2013, an attack on the Yemeni Defense Ministry in Sana'a involving a series of bomb and gun attacks killed at least 56 people. After footage of the attack was aired on Yemeni television, showing an attack on a hospital within the ministry compound and the killing of medical personnel and patients, the head of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula released a video message apologizing. Qasim al-Raymi claimed that the team of attackers were directed not to assault the hospital in the attack, but that one had gone ahead and done so.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 9 May 2014, several soldiers from Yemen were killed after a skirmish sparked when a vehicle attacked a palace gate.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In December 2014, the group released a video depicting Luke Somers, a journalist whom they were holding hostage. On 26 November, U.S. Navy SEALs and Yemeni special forces attempted a hostage rescue where eight hostages, none American, were freed, but Luke Somers and four others had been moved to another location by AQAP prior to the raid. The nationalities of the eight hostages rescued were six Yemenis, one Saudi, and one Ethiopian. On 6 December, 40 SEALs used V-22 Ospreys to land a distance from the compound where Somers and Korkie were kept at about 1 a.m. local time, according to a senior defense official. An AQAP fighter apparently spotted them while relieving himself outside, a counter-terrorism official with knowledge of the operation told ABC News, beginning a firefight that lasted about 10 minutes. According to CBS News, dog barking could have alerted the hostage-takers of the operation. When the American soldiers finally entered the building where Somers and Korkie were kept, they found both men alive, but gravely wounded. Korkie and Somers died some minutes later despite attempts to save them.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 7 January 2015, Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi attacked French satirical newspaper "Charlie Hebdo", resulting in 11 French citizens killed and another 11 injured. The French-born brothers of Algerian descent stated they were members of Al-Qaeda in Yemen, to an eyewitness. On 9 January, AQAP confirmed responsibility for the "Charlie Hebdo" shooting in a speech from top Shariah cleric Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari. The reason given was to gain "revenge for the honor" of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 2 April 2015, AQAP fighters stormed the coastal city of Mukalla, capturing it on the 16th of April after the two-week Battle of Mukalla. They seized government buildings and used trucks to cart off more than $120 million from the central bank, according to the bank's director. AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, giving it a budget of more than $4 million to provide services to residents of the city. AQAP maintained a police station in the city to mediate Sharia disputes but avoided imposing its rule across the city. AQAP refrained from using its name, instead of using the name the 'Sons of Hadhramaut' to emphasize its ties to the surrounding province.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 2 December 2015, the provincial capital of Abyan Governorate, Zinjibar, and the town of Jaʿār were captured by AQAP fighters. Like Al Mukala, AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, police patrols and other public services.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 20 February 2016, AQAP seized the southern Abyan governorate, linking them with their headquarters in Mukalla.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On April 24, 2016, the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces entered Mukalla and commenced operations against AQAP, liberating Mukalla in 36 hours. The operation was hailed by US Defence Secretary James Mattis as a model of fighting terrorism.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Mukalla was then used as a base of operations by the UAE Armed Forces and Joint Special Operations Command, allowing the CIA to target AQAP strongest cells in Yemen.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In August 2018, "Al Jazeera" reported that the Saudi Arabian-led coalition "battling Houthi rebels secured secret deals with al-Qaeda in Yemen and recruited hundreds of the group's fighters. ... Key figures in the deal-making said the United States was aware of the arrangements and held off on drone attacks against the armed group, which was created by Osama bin Laden in 1988."


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: According to the Associated Press, the Saudi-led coalition "cut secret deals with al-Qaida fighters, paying some to leave key cities and towns and letting others retreat with weapons, equipment and wads of looted cash... hundreds more were recruited to join the coalition itself."


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 7 April 2019, UAE and Security Belt forces launched a large anti-terror military campaign to clear a number of mountains and valleys located in the Mahfad town, then a key hideout of AQAP militants. UAE-backed Yemeni security forces succeeded in seizing arms and ammunition, including hand grenades, improvised explosive devices and communication equipment and AQAP militants fled to other areas.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 30 August 2019, UAE airstrikes on AQAP in southern Yemen targeted a number of moving vehicles carrying AQAP members.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In September 2019, AQAP took advantage and deployed across Abyan and Shabwa in southern Yemen following the UAE draw down from Yemen and increased infighting between Houthis and Hadi forces. According to a local Yemeni official, the absence of the Shabwani elite security units, that had been trained and equipped by the UAE, enabled AQAP to gain a foothold in the turbulent Shabwa province again.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On January 31, 2020, "The New York Times" reported three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi, the emir of AQAP, was killed in Yemen. For years al-Raymi eluded U.S. forces as he led what experts sometimes refer to as al-Qaida's “most dangerous franchise.” The former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Mick Mulroy said, if confirmed, his death would be “very significant”. This was not the first time the United States has tried to get al-Raymi. He was the target of a January 29, 2017, special operations raid in which Navy SEAL William Owens (Navy SEAL) was killed. “The United States never forgets”, Mulroy said. "The Wall Street Journal" also reported his death and that al-Raymi directed multiple operations to attack the U.S. including the attempt to blow up a U.S.-bound airliner on Christmas Day 2009. His death was later confirmed by the White House on February 6.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In August 2022, the once-vaunted Al Qaeda in Arabian Peninsula is shown to be greatly weakened when none of the group's leaders were deemed potential successors to Ayman al-Zawahiri as leader of Al Qaeda following al-Zawahiri's death.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In the wake of the 2011 Yemeni Revolution and the Battle of Zinjibar, an Islamist insurgent organization called Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) (Supporters of Islamic Law), emerged in Yemen and seized control of areas in the Abyan Governorate and surrounding governorates in southern Yemen and declared them an Islamist Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen. There was heavy fighting with the Yemeni security forces over the control of these territories, with Ansar al-Sharia driven out of most of their territory over 2012.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In April 2011, Shaykh Abu Zubayr Adil bin Abdullah al-Abab, AQAP's chief religious figure, explained the name change as a re-branding exercise: "the name Ansar al-Sharia is what we use to introduce ourselves in areas where we work to tell people about our work and goals."


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On 4 October 2012, the United Nations 1267–1989 Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee and the United States Department of State designated Ansar al-Sharia an alias for AQAP, with the State Department describing it as an attempt to attract followers in areas of Yemen where AQAP had been able to establish territorial control and implement its interpretation of Sharia.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: A CIA targeted killing drone strike killed Kamal Derwish, an American citizen, and a group of al-Qaida operatives (including Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi) in Yemen in November 2002. Drones became shorthand in Yemen for a weak government allowing foreign forces to have their way.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On September 30, 2011, a US drone attack in Yemen resulted in the death of Anwar al-Awlaki, one of the group's leaders, and Samir Khan, the editor of "Inspire", its English-language magazine. Both were US citizens.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The pace of US drone attacks quickened significantly in 2012, with over 20 strikes in the first five months of the year, compared to 10 strikes during the course of 2011.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Over the period 19–21 April 2014, a series of drone attacks on AQAP killed dozens of militants, and at least 3 civilians. A spokesperson for the Yemeni Supreme Security Committee described the attacks, which included elements of the Yemeni army as well as US drones, as "massive and unprecedented". The attacks were alleged to have targeted AQAP leadership, with a major AQAP base in Wadi al-Khayala reported to have been destroyed.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: From March 1 through March 8, 2017, the US conducted 45 airstrikes against AQAP, a record amount of airstrikes conducted against the group by the US in recent history. The airstrikes were reported to have killed hundreds of AQAP militants. The US continued its airstrikes afterward. Around 1–2 April 2017, the US carried out another 20 airstrikes, increasing the total number of airstrikes against AQAP in 2017 to 75, nearly double previously yearly record of 41 airstrikes in 2009.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: On August 31, 2019, at least 40 al Qaeda operatives were killed in airstrike carried out by the United States on a training camp in presence of the leaders of Hurras al-Deen, Ansar al-Tawhid and other allied groups in Syria.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The group has taken advantage of Yemen's "slow collapse into near-anarchy. Widespread corruption, growing poverty and internal fragmentation have helped make Yemen a breeding ground for terror." More than two years later, on April 25, 2012, a suspected US drone strike killed Mohammed Said al-Umdah, a senior AQAP member cited as the number four in the organization and one of the 2006 escapees. He had been convicted of the 2002 tanker bombing and for providing logistical and material support.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Yemeni analyst, Barak Barfi, discounted claims that marriage between the militant group and Yemeni tribes is a widespread practice, though he states that the bulk of AQAP members hail from the tribes.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: AQAP is a popular choice for radicalized Americans seeking to join Islamist terror organizations overseas. In 2013 alone, at least three American citizens or permanent residents — Marcos Alonso Zea, Justin Kaliebe, and Shelton Thomas Bell — have attempted to join AQAP. They count among over 50 Americans who have attempted to join terrorist groups overseas, including AQAP, since 2007.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: Reportedly, as many as 20 Islamist British nationals traveled to Yemen in 2009 to be trained by AQAP.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: In February 2012, up to 500 Internationalistas from Somalia's Al Shabaab, after getting cornered by a Kenyan offensive and conflict with Al Shabaab national legions, fled to Yemen. It is likely that a number of this group merged with AQAP.


title: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

text: The following is a list of people who have been purported to be AQAP members. Most, but not all, are or were Saudi nationals. Roughly half have appeared on Saudi "most wanted" lists. In the left column is the rank of each member in the original 2003 list of the 26 most wanted.


It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back is the second studio album by American hip hop group Public Enemy, released on June 28, 1988, by Def Jam Recordings and Columbia Records. It was recorded from 1987 to 1988 in sessions at Chung King Studios, Greene St. Recording, and Sabella Studios in New York.


title: It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back

text: Noting the enthusiastic response toward their live shows, Public Enemy intended to make the album's music at a higher tempo than their 1987 debut "Yo! Bum Rush the Show" for performance purposes. The group also set out to create the hip hop equivalent of Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On" (1971), an album noted for its strong social commentary. Through their production team The Bomb Squad, Public Enemy introduced a densely aggressive sound influenced by free jazz, heavy funk, and musique concrète as a backdrop for lead rapper Chuck D, who employed sociopolitical rhetoric, revolutionary attitudes, and dense vocabulary in his performances.


text: "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" charted for 47 weeks on the US "Billboard" 200, peaking at number 42, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 1989. The album received widespread acclaim from critics, who praised its production techniques and Chuck D's socially and politically charged lyricism. It also appeared on many publications' year-end top album lists for 1988 and was the runaway choice as the best album of 1988 in "The Village Voice"s Pazz & Jop critics' poll, a poll of the leading music critics in the US.


text: Since its initial reception, "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" has been regarded by music writers and publications as one of the greatest and most influential albums of all time. In 2000, it was voted number 92 in Colin Larkin's book "All Time Top 1000 Albums", and in 2003, it was ranked number 48 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, the highest ranking of all the hip hop albums on the list, and the only one acknowledged in the top one hundred. This would become averted however in 2020, as a second updated version of the list moved the album up to number 15, while other hip-hop albums were put in the top one hundred as well.


text: Public Enemy's 1987 debut album "Yo! Bum Rush the Show", while acclaimed by hip hop critics and aficionados, had gone ignored for the most part by the rock and R&B mainstream, selling only 300,000 copies, which was relatively low by the high-selling standards of other Def Jam recording artists such as LL Cool J and Beastie Boys at the time. However, the group continued to tour and record tirelessly. "On the day that "Yo! Bum Rush the Show" was released [in the spring of 1987], we was already in the trenches recording "Nation of Millions"," stated lead MC Chuck D.


text: With "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back", the group set out to make what they considered to be the hip hop equivalent to Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On", an album noted for its strong social commentary. As said by Chuck, "our mission was to kill the 'Cold Gettin' Dumb' stuff and really address some situations." In order to ensure that their live shows would be as exciting as those they played in London and Philadelphia, the group decided that the music on "Nation of Millions" would have to be faster than that found on "Yo! Bum Rush the Show". "Years of saved-up ideas," noted Chuck, "were compiled into one focused aural missile."


text: Public Enemy began making the album at Chung King Studios in Manhattan but ran into conflicts with engineers prejudiced against hip hop acts. The group resumed recording at Greene St. Recording where they were more comfortable. Initially, the engineers at Greene Street were also apprehensive about the group but eventually grew to respect their work ethic and seriousness about the recording process. Recorded under the working title "Countdown to Armageddon", the group ultimately decided on "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" instead, a line from their first album's song "Raise the Roof". The material was recorded in 30 days for an estimated $25,000 in recording costs, due to an extensive amount of preproduction by the group at their Long Island studio. The album was completed in six weeks. "It was aggressive, race-against-the-clock teamwork, taking chances in sound," recalled Chuck D.


text: Rather than touring with the rest of the group, Eric "Vietnam" Sadler and Hank Shocklee would stay in the studio and work on material for the "Nation of Millions" album, so that the music was ready when Chuck D and Flavor Flav returned from tour. When the group began planning the second album, the songs "Bring the Noise", "Don't Believe the Hype", and "Rebel Without a Pause" had already been completed. The latter track was recorded during the group's 1987 Def Jam tour, and the lyrics were written by Chuck D in one day spent secluded at his home. Instead of looping the break from James Brown's "Funky Drummer", a commonly used breakbeat in hip hop, "Rebel Without a Pause" had Flavor Flav play the beat on the drum machine continuously for the track's duration of five minutes and two seconds. Chuck D later said of his contribution to the track, "Flavor's timing helped create almost like a band rhythm". Terminator X, the group's DJ/turntablist, also incorporated a significant element to the track, the renowned transformer scratch, towards its end. Named for its similarity to the sound made by the Autobots in "The Transformers", the scratch was developed by DJ Spinbad and popularized by DJ Jazzy Jeff and Cash Money, and Terminator X had honed his take on the scratch on tour. The group was satisfied with its sound after having removed the bass from his section of the track.


text: According to Chuck D, Hank Shocklee made the last call when songs were completed. "Hank would come up with the final mix because he was the sound master... Hank is the Phil Spector of hip-hop. He was way ahead of his time, because he dared to challenge the odds in sound." This was also one of the details which Chuck felt to be unique to the time and recording of the album. "Once hip-hop became corporate, they took the daredevil out of the artistry. But being a daredevil was what Hank brought to the table." It was decided amongst the group that the album should be exactly one hour long, thirty minutes on each side. At the time, audio cassettes were more popular than CD's and the group didn't want listeners having to hear dead air for a long time after one-half of the album was finished. The two sides of the album were originally the other way around, the album beginning with "Show Em Whatcha Got" which leads into "She Watch Channel Zero?!". This instead became the start of side two or the "Black Side". Hank Shocklee decided to flip the sides just before the mastering of the album and start the record with Dave Pearce introducing the group during their first tour of England.


text: Under Hank Shocklee's direction, the Bomb Squad, the group's production team, began to develop a dense and chaotic production style that relied on found sounds and avant-garde noise as much as it did on old-school funk. Along with a varied selection of sampled elements, the tracks feature a greater tempo than those of the group's contemporaries. Music critic Robert Christgau noted these elements and wrote that the Bomb Squad "juice post-Coleman/Coltrane ear-wrench with the kind of furious momentum harmolodic funk has never dared: the shit never stops abrading and exploding". As with the group's live performances, Flavor Flav supported Chuck D's politically charged lyrics with "hype man" vocals and surrealistic lyrics on the album.


text: On the album's content, music journalist Peter Shapiro wrote "Droning feedback, occasional shards of rock guitar, and James Brown horn samples distorted into discordant shrieks back the political rhetoric of lead rapper Chuck D and the surreality of Flavor Flav". Ethnomathematics author Ron Eglash interpreted the album's style and production to be "massively interconnected political and sonic content", writing that "[the Bomb Squad] navigated the ambiguity between the philosophies of sound and voice. Public Enemy's sound demonstrated an integration of lyrical content, vocal tone, sample density and layering, scratch deconstruction, and sheer velocity that rap music has never been able to recapture, and that hip-hop DJs and producers are still mining for gems".


text: In an interview with the "New York Daily News", Shocklee noted that the album's dynamic sound was inspired by Chuck D's rapping prowess, stating "Chuck's a powerful rapper. We wanted to make something that could sonically stand up to him". Of his own contributions to its production, Shocklee cited himself as being the arranger and noted that he had "no interest in linear songs". When using records for sampling, Shocklee stated that he'd sometimes put them on the ground and stomp on them if they sounded too "clean."


text: Hank referred to Chuck D as being the person who would find all the vocal samples, Eric Sadler as "the one with the musical talent," and noted that his brother, Keith Shocklee, "knew a lot of the breakbeats and was the sound-effects master." Shocklee's sentiments were reinforced by Chuck D while explaining the group's working methods during production. "Eric was the musician, Hank was the antimusician. Eric did a lot of the [drum] programming, [Hank's brother] Keith was the guy who would bring in the feel." For his contributions to the production side, Chuck stated that he "would scour for vocal samples all over the Earth. I would name a song, tag it, and get the vocal samples." Chuck D also noted the productiveness of Sadler and Shocklee's differing approaches to the creative process. "The friction between Hank and Eric worked very well. Hank would put a twist on Eric's musicianship and Eric's musicianship would put a twist on Hank."


text: Some production mistakes were kept for the album. The breakdown in "Bring the Noise" in which the kick-drum sample from James Brown's "Funky Drummer" plays solo was a mistake. Apparently, the wrong sequence came up in the SP1200 sampler and Shocklee decided not only to keep it but to have Chuck rewrite his rhyme to fit the pattern. The album itself was mixed with no automation, instead of being recorded on analog tape and later painstakingly mixed by hand. This is a significant fact due to its nature as being one of the most intricate albums of digitally sampled music. Asked years later if replicating the number of samples used on the album would be possible [due to increased clearance costs for copyrighted material], Hank Shocklee said while possible, it would be far more expensive than at the time to do so.


text: Throughout the album, Chuck D delivers narratives that are characterized by black nationalist rhetoric and regard topics such as self-empowerment for African Americans, critiques of white supremacy, and challenges to exploitation in the music industry. "Caught, Can We Get a Witness?" directly addresses the issue of sampling in hip hop and copyright violation from a perspective that supports the practice and claims entitlement due to "black ownership of the sounds in the first place".


text: "Rebel Without a Pause" exemplifies the faster tempo that Public Enemy intended for the album, while incorporating a heavy beat and samples of screeching horns, the latter taken from The J.B.'s' "The Grunt" (1970). According to Ron Eglash, such effects of sampling exemplify the "sense of urgency" given to the messages of the album's tracks, "to heighten the tension of the mix", while Chuck D's message is "one of total resistance that was readily accessible through [...] the confrontational sounds of bass, groove, and noise." Lyrically, it eschews the traditional verse/chorus—verse/chorus song structure, with 12 bars of Chuck D's aggressive rapping, punctuated by Flavor Flav's stream of consciousness ad-libs. Public Enemy-biographer Russell Myrie writes of the track's significance, "It matched 'I Know You Got Soul' in terms of its innovation and its breathtaking quality. It increased the tempo for Public Enemy, something they would do repeatedly during their forthcoming masterpiece [...] The faster tempo was important as it would heighten energy levels at their shows. Most important of all, it sounded fresh. It was some next level hip-hop. Chuck and Hank rightly felt it could stand alongside the best rap records of the time."


text: Some of the song titles make reference to other works from popular culture. The title of the song "Party for Your Right to Fight" is a rearrangement of the Beastie Boys' 1987 hit single "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)." The vocal sample of hip hop DJ Mr. Magic stating that his show would play "no more music by the suckers" was used on the song "Cold Lampin' with Flavor" after having been recorded from Magic's radio show by Flavor Flav. Magic had dissed the group with the line when he mistakenly embroiled them in the WBAU-WBLS radio war.


text: Chuck D has said that "Party for Your Right to Fight", the album's closing track, is dedicated to the Black Panther Party.


text: The album was released on June 28, 1988 and in its first month of release, "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" sold 500,000 copies without significant promotional efforts by its distributing label Columbia Records. It peaked at number 42 on the U.S. "Billboard" Top Pop Albums chart and at number one on the Top Black Albums chart. It spent 49 weeks on the "Billboard" Top Pop Albums. On August 22, 1989, it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for shipments of at least one million copies in the United States. Since 1991, when the tracking system Nielsen SoundScan began tracking domestic sales data, the album has sold 722,000 additional copies .


text: "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" received positive reviews from contemporary critics. In his review for "Rolling Stone", David Fricke described the album as a "Molotov cocktail of nuclear scratching, gnarly minimalist electronics and revolution rhyme" and complimented its "abrupt sequencing and violent sonic compression of rapid-fire samples, slamming-jail-door percussion, DJ Terminator X's tornado turntable work and Chuck D's outraged oratory". "Los Angeles Times" writer Robert Hilburn said that the album incorporates some of the dynamics of early rap records such as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five's "The Message" (1982) and Run–D.M.C.'s "Sucker M.C.'s" (1983) with the "radical, socially conscious tradition of groups like the Last Poets". Hilburn commended Chuck D for his rapping on "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back", writing that he "isn't afraid of being labeled an extremist, and it's that fearless bite—or game plan—that helps infuse his black-consciousness raps with the anger and assault of punk pioneers like the Sex Pistols and Clash". Writing for "NME", critic James Brown said that ""Nation of Millions..." is impressive because it moves, it uses and it's a music—not the acetate-thin barrage of whingeing and boasting that so often passes for rap", while in "Q", David Sinclair called it "an unimaginably urgent album seething with vengeful rage and booby trapped with incendiary musical devices". Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" praised the album for its production and compared its symbolic value to hip hop music at the time, stating:


text: Despite writing that it "sounds powerful, fresh and galvanizing", Mark Jenkins of "The Washington Post" found its lyrical content inconsistent, stating "Aurally, "Nation of Millions" is intoxicating; Hank Shocklee and Carl Ryder's bold production will likely prove among the most distinctive of the year, not just in rap but in any pop genre. For their work to pack the political wallop they crave, however, the members of Public Enemy need to think for themselves, not just attach themselves to the thought of whichever black nationalist is currently drawing big crowds". The "Los Angeles Daily News" gave the album a "B" and compared its musical "rage" to that of rapper Schoolly D's "Smoke Some Kill" (1988).


text: In its year-end list of 1988's best albums, "Q" called "It Takes a Nation" "a blistering collage of beat box [sic], rock guitar, police-radio chatter and high-velocity rapping." It was voted number one in "The Village Voice"s annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll, as well as number three on poll creator Robert Christgau's list. In an article for the newspaper, Christgau called it "the bravest and most righteous experimental pop of the decade—no matter how the music looks written down (ha ha), Hank Shocklee and Terminator X have translated Blood Ulmer's harmolodic visions into a street fact that's no less edutaining (if different) in the dwellings of monkey spawn and brothers alike (and different)".


text: "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" has been cited by critics and publications as one of the greatest and most influential recordings of all time. Upon the album's remastered reissue in 1995, "Q" hailed it "the greatest rap album of all time, a landmark and classic". "Melody Maker" called the album "bloody essential", commenting, "I hadn't believed it could get harder [than "Yo! Bum Rush the Show"]. Or better." "NME" dubbed it "the greatest hip-hop album ever" at the time, stating "this wasn't merely a sonic triumph. This was also where Chuck wrote a fistful of lyrics that promoted him to the position of foremost commentator/documentor of life in the underbelly of the USA".


text: Readers of "Hip Hop Connection" voted it the best album of all-time, prompting the magazine to comment, "Even 'Rebel Without a Pause', a definite contender for best rap single ever released, failed to put the other 12 [sic] tracks to shame, such was the high standard throughout." "HHC" readers again voted it the best of all-time in 2000, as did Flavor Flav in his accompanying top ten. "This is really hard," he said, "because I'm in love with every piece of work that's ever been recorded. I would never say someone else's project is better than anyone else's."


text: "Mojo" stated upon the album's 2000 European reissue, "Responsible for the angriest polemic since The Last Poets...[they] revolutionized the music, using up to 80 backing tracks in the sonic assault...to these ears PE sound like the greatest rock'n'roll band in history". In 2003, "Rolling Stone" ranked the album number 48 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, making it the highest-ranked of the 27 hip hop albums included on the list, maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list. "Time" magazine hailed it as one of the 100 greatest albums of all time in 2006. Kurt Cobain, the lead guitarist and singer of rock band Nirvana, listed the album as one of his top 50 favorite albums in his Journals. In 2006, "Q" placed the album at number seven on its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s". As of July 2014, "It Takes a Nation of Millions" is ranked as the top album of 1988 and the eighteenth greatest album of all time at Acclaimed Music. In 2012, "Slant Magazine" listed the album at #3 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s" behind Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and Prince and the Revolution's "Purple Rain". The album ranks Number 2 on the list of best records of the 20th century of German music magazine Spex.


text: In his 2004 book "Appropriating Technology: Vernacular Science and Social Power", Ron Eglash commented that a sonically and politically charged album such as "Nation" "can be considered a monument to the synthesis of sound and politics". In 2005, New York University's Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music hosted a two-day retrospective called "The Making of "It Takes a Nation of Millions"." It featured a producers' panel that reunited Hank Shocklee, captain of the Bomb Squad, with the Chairmen of the Boards from Greene St. Recording. When asked in 2008 if the album would still be considered as radical if it were released two decades later, Chuck D said he felt it would "simply because it's faster than anything on the radio right now. And yeah, it's radical politically... because it's not really being said a lot. You want it to not be radical, but it is because it's totally different from Soulja Boy." American rapper Ice Cube said in 2005 that the album "messes with your brain even to this day." The album's revolutionary attitudes also influenced musician and activist Kathleen Hanna of the seminal riot grrrl band Bikini Kill. She described it as her go-to album while touring, stating: "I was like, 'Man, some of these rappers are bragging and boasting, and I wanna brag and boast!' Like, why do I feel like I have to try to write the song I'm supposed to write, and not the song I wanna write?"


text: Public Enemy performed the album in its entirety as part of the All Tomorrow's Parties-curated Don't Look Back series. "I didn't think it would work," Chuck D admitted of the full-length performance. "But it ended up being something that worked tremendously well. Now we have a problem to get away from it. It amazed me that a lot of people who have gravitated to the album weren't even born when it was recorded. But it's YouTube and iLike and MySpace and file sharing which highlighted the existence of it. So I can't shoot down file sharing, as it's benefited us tremendously."


text: Music from the album has been sampled over the years, including (though not limited to) the Beastie Boys ("Egg Man"), Game ("Remedy"), The album is broken down track-by-track by Chuck D in Brian Coleman's book "Check the Technique".


text: The information regarding accolades attributed to "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back" is taken from Acclaimed Music.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Bertha Benz (; ; 3 May 1849 – 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer and inventor. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Carl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an internal-combustion-engined automobile over a long distance, field testing the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, inventing brake lining and solving several practical issues during the journey of 105 km (65 miles). In doing so, she brought the Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Cäcilie Bertha Ringer was born on 3 May 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim in the Grand Duchy of Baden.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Two years before her marriage to Carl Benz, she used part of her dowry to invest in his failing iron construction company. As an unmarried woman, she was able to do so; after she married Benz, according to German law, Bertha lost her legal power to act as an investor. On 20 July 1872, Bertha Ringer married Carl Benz. As he moved on to a new manufacturing venture, Benz & Cie, he continued to use her dowry as financial support.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Carl finished work on his first horseless carriage in December 1885. Bertha served as a field tester, contributing to the design of the Motorwagen by adding wire insulation and inventing leather brake pads to supplement the wooden brakes when they failed. Moreover, she identified several key areas of opportunities – such as the fuel line design – that Carl later improved. In addition to her contributions to the machine’s design, Bertha helped finance the development of the Motorwagen. She would hold patent rights under modern law, but as a married woman, she was not allowed to be named as an inventor on the patent at that time.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Together they had five children: Eugen (1873–1958), Richard (1874–1955), Clara (1877–1968), Thilde (1882–1974), and Ellen (1890–1973).


title: Bertha Benz

text: On July 3, 1886, Benz presented the Patent-Motorwagen automobile to the public in Mannheim. Within the decade, 25 vehicles had been built. With cutting-edge bicycle constructions, the Model I was the original Patent Motor Car and the world's first automobile.


title: Bertha Benz

text: The Model II was converted to a four-wheeler for test purposes, making it the only one of this model.


title: Bertha Benz

text: The first Patent Motor Car sold in small production runs was the Model III. It had powered rear wheels with a ringed steel and solid rubber, steerable front wheel. Various options from which to choose were provided for customers, such as seat arrangements and a folding top.


title: Bertha Benz

text: On 5 August 1888, 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheim with her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile a significant distance. Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trials, returning to the point of origin, made with assistance of mechanics. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour covered a one-way distance of about .


title: Bertha Benz

text: Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother, Bertha Benz had other motives — to prove to her husband, who had failed to adequately consider marketing his invention, that the automobile in which they both had heavily invested would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public; and to give her husband the confidence that his constructions had a future.


title: Bertha Benz

text: She left Mannheim around dawn, solving numerous problems along the way. Bertha demonstrated her significant technical capabilities on this journey. With no fuel tank and only a 4.5-litre supply of petrol in the carburetor, she had to find ligroin, the petroleum solvent needed for the car to run. The solvent was only available at apothecary shops, so she stopped in Wiesloch at the city pharmacy to purchase the fuel. At the time, petrol and other fuels could only be bought from chemists [pharmacists in US English], and so this is how the chemist in Wiesloch became the first fuel station in the world.


title: Bertha Benz

text: She cleaned a blocked fuel line with her hat pin and used her garter as insulation material. A blacksmith had to help mend a chain at one point. When the wooden brakes began to fail, Benz visited a cobbler to install leather, making the world's first pair of brake linings. An evaporative cooling system was employed to cool the engine, making water supply a big worry along the trip. The trio added water to their supply every time they stopped. The car's two gears were not enough to surmount uphill inclines and Eugen and Richard often had to push the vehicle up steep roads. Benz reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying her husband of her successful journey by telegram. She drove back to Mannheim several days later.


title: Bertha Benz

text: The novel trip received a great deal of publicity, as she had sought. The drive was a key event in the technical development of the automobile. The pioneering couple introduced several improvements after Bertha's experiences. She reported everything that had happened along the way and made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills and brake linings to improve brake-power. Her trip demonstrated to the burgeoning automotive industry that test drives were essential to their business.


title: Bertha Benz

text: Benz died in her villa in Ladenburg in 1944, where the workshop of Carl Benz had been built after they had moved there in 1906 and he established a solely family-held business, Benz and Sons. Carl Benz had died in 1929, after the success of Daimler-Benz was assured. Members of the family resided in the home for 25 more years. The Benz home now has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Daimler and Benz Foundation, which aims to promote science and research in order to gain a better understanding of the correlation between man, the environment and technology.


title: Bertha Benz

text: In 1925 Carl Benz wrote the following in his memoirs: "Only one person remained with me in the small ship of life when it seemed destined to sink. That was my wife. Bravely and resolutely she set the new sails of hope."


title: Bertha Benz

text: In 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially approved as a route of the industrial heritage of humankind, because it follows Bertha Benz's path during the world's first long-distance journey by automobile in 1888. Now it is possible to follow the 194 km of signs indicating her route from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim (Black Forest) and back.


title: Bertha Benz

text: The "Bertha Benz Challenge", embedded in the framework of the ceremony of "Automobile Summer 2011", the big official German event and birthday party commemorating the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz over , took place on Bertha Benz Memorial Route on 10 and 11 September 2011. It was a globally visible signal for new automobile breakthroughs, and was only open for sustainable mobility — future-oriented vehicles with alternative drive systems, "i.e.", hybrid and electric, hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, and other extremely economical vehicles. The motto is "Bertha Benz Challenge – Sustainable Mobility on the World's Oldest Automobile Road!"


title: Bertha Benz

text: On 25 January 2011 Deutsche Welle (DW-TV) broadcast worldwide in its series, "Made in Germany", a TV documentary on the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz, highlighting the very important role of his wife, Bertha Benz. The report is not only on the history of the automobile, but takes a look at its future as well, shown by the Bertha Benz Challenge on 10 and 11 September 2011.


title: Bertha Benz

text: The documentary "The Car is Born", produced by Ulli Kampelmann, centered on the first road trip by Bertha Benz.


title: Bertha Benz

text: In 2011, a television movie about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made, titled "", which premiered on 11 May and was aired by Das Erste on 23 May. A trailer of the movie and a "making of" special were released on YouTube.


title: Bertha Benz

text: In honor of International Women’s Day in 2019, the modern Daimler company commissioned a four-minute advertisement dramatizing portions of Bertha Benz’ 1888 journey. The ad was created by Berlin-based ad agency Antoni (the lead European agency for Mercedes-Benz), and directed by Sebastian Strasser via his production company, Anorak Film.


title: Bertha Benz

text: In 2011, a dramatized television movie about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made named "" which premiered on 11 May and was aired by Das Erste on 23 May. A trailer of the movie and a "making of" special were released on YouTube.


The Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH) is a U.S. combat helmet and one of several used by the U.S. military. It was developed by the United States Army Soldier Systems Center to be the next generation of protective combat helmets for use by the U.S. Army.


title: Modular Integrated Communications Helmet

text: The MICH was originally part of a series of combat helmets designed for the U.S. Army Special Operations Command as a replacement for the PASGT helmet and the various non-ballistic skateboard, bicycle, and whitewater "bump" helmets solely within those units. Development was done from 1997 before it was released in January 2001 by the United States Army Soldier Systems Center.