title: Citroën C5

text: The Citroën C5 is a large family car (classified as a mid-size crossover since 2021) produced by the French manufacturer Citroën since March 2001, currently at its third generation. It replaced the Citroën Xantia, in the large family car class, and is the first modern Citroën with "Cx" naming nomenclature, previously used by its ancestors, the C4 and C6 from 1930. The third generation was released in 2021, with crossover styling and marketed as the Citroën C5 X.


title: Citroën C5

text: The first-generation C5 was available as a five-door liftback or five-door estate styles only. As a liftback, Citroën had completely reversed the design philosophy from the fastback saloon era of Robert Opron. Production commenced in the end of 2000. Sales in the United Kingdom commenced in April 2001.


title: Citroën C5

text: Power came from 1.8 and 2.0 litre straight-4 and 3.0 litre V6 petrol engines, as well as 1.6, 2.0 and 2.2 litre direct injection diesel engines. The first-generation C5 was the last Citroën developed under the chairmanship of Jacques Calvet (1982–1999). The C5 had a further development of Citroën's hydropneumatic suspension, now called Hydractive 3.


title: Citroën C5

text: The major change with this system was the use of electronic sensors to replace the mechanical height correctors seen in all previous hydropneumatic cars. This allowed the suspension computer to automatically control ride height: at high speed the suspension is lowered to reduce drag and at low speeds on bumpy roads the ride height is raised.


title: Citroën C5

text: Manual control of ride height was retained, though it was overridden by the computer if the car was driven at an inappropriate speed for the selected height. Certain cars also featured the computer controlled ride stiffness, called Hydractive 3+.


title: Citroën C5

text: In a major break with Citroën tradition, the brakes and steering were no longer powered by the same hydraulic system as the suspension, but the power steering used the same LDS fluid with its own pump. It has been speculated that the primary driver for this was the cost of developing electronic brake force distribution for the system, when the PSA Group already had an implementation for conventional brakes.


title: Citroën C5

text: Another factor may be the highly responsive nature of 'traditional' Citroën brakes, which some have found hard to adjust to on other hydropneumatic cars, though it is felt by some to be superior.


title: Citroën C5

text: In September 2004, the C5 underwent a major facelift (new front and rear ends; same centre section) to bring it into line with the look of the new Citroën C4. The liftback was lengthened from to and the estate from to . Also, this new version got swivelling directional headlights.


title: Citroën C5

text: The Hydractive suspension improves ride quality, keeps the car levelled, and enables the car to drive on three wheels if one tire is flat. The suspension is derived from the Hydropneumatic suspension used in the 1950s Citroën DS. Variations in height using the Hydractive suspension range up to in the front and in the back.


title: Citroën C5

text: Production ended in December 2007, with the final production number being 720,000. In the United Kingdom, 45,502 models of the car were sold from 2001 to 2004.


title: Citroën C5

text: The second-generation C5 was officially unveiled in the beginning of 2008, and does not retain the liftback bodystyle, instead being a regular, three box saloon of an aerodynamic shape.


title: Citroën C5

text: The C5 Airscape concept, which was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2007, gave an outlook on the second-generation C5.


title: Citroën C5

text: It was launched in February 2008, with the estate version following in May 2008, and receives the name of Tourer. This C5 won 2009 Semperit Irish Car of the Year, as well as being awarded 2008–09 Japan's Import Car of the Year. The second generation was presented on 15 January 2008, having its world premiere at the Brussels Motor Show.


title: Citroën C5

text: The second-generation C5 is available with conventional springs, as well as the hydropneumatic suspension and 2.7L Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17 engine from the Citroën C6. In 2009, the 2.7L was replaced by an updated 3.0L unit which, despite offering more power, has improved fuel consumption and emissions.


title: Citroën C5

text: In 2010, the 2.0L HDi 140 and the 2.2L HDi 173 engines, were replaced by the 2.0L HDi 160 engine, mated to a six speed automatic or manual transmissions to comply with the Euro 5. Similarly, the 2.0L 16V 143 bhp petrol engine was replaced by the 1.6L THP 155, from the DS3 mated to a six speed manual transmission.


title: Citroën C5

text: In 2011, the C5 was given a mild facelift, with a few cosmetic changes, such as LED lights. Three engines were added to the range consisting of two diesels, 2.0 HDI 160, and a 2.2 HDI 200 as well as a petrol engine, 1.6 VTI 120.


title: Citroën C5

text: In July 2012, the C5 was given another mild facelift, with a few cosmetic changes, such as softer chevron badging, modified badging of C5, softer chevron "grille" as per the recently updated C4, and exclusive badges (on the Exclusive) on the sides in front of the front doors. For the Exclusive, the onboard GPS/radio head was also changed to the eMyWay unit which features full Bluetooth connectivity and iPod/USB interface.


title: Citroën C5

text: In May 2016, the C5 was officially withdrawn in the United Kingdom, due to disappointing sales of 17,105 since 2008. In 2015, only 237 cars were sold, the lowest number since the car's launch. This is in comparison to 6,549 sales in France in the same time span. However, this could be due to the model being launched at the start of the financial crisis in 2008, as well as increased demand for crossover models. This also marked the end of right-hand drive production of the C5.


title: Citroën C5

text: Sharing the same underpinnings of the Citroën C6, which has since been discontinued, this generation of C5 is often referred to also as the "X7". It is observed that on these cars two technical entities, the hydropneumatic system and the double wishbone layout, are utilized in conjunction.


title: Citroën C5

text: Comprising a package of services including the emergency and assistance calls, Citroën eTouch also proposes a virtual maintenance manual, and an Eco Driving service accessible via the MyCitroën personal area on the web. For calls, Citroën eTouch works completely independently.


title: Citroën C5

text: The system is equipped with a GPS module, and a SIM card, with no need for a call plan and unlimited over time. The vehicles features two buttons, "SOS" for emergency calls (the call is also triggered automatically in the event of impact) and "Double Chevron" for assistance calls.


title: Citroën C5

text: The emergency call gets emergency services to customers faster, for accident victims and bystanders alike. The two services are free and available at any time. In China, the C5 was heavily restyled in 2017, while in Europe, production officially ended. Since March 2017, the saloon became no longer free to order. However, the Tourer and the CrossTourer remained configurable.


title: Citroën C5

text: The 2017 facelift for the second-generation C5 in China includes a redesign with the front end of the car completely redesigned, featuring new headlights, grilles, and bumper, and giving it an updated front face, and a slightly revised rear with new tail lamps. The 2017 facelift C5 model was powered by the same range of engines used in the pre-facelift model in China. Engine options include a 1.6-liter turbo gasoline engine with 167 horsepower (124 kilowatts) and a bigger 1.8 turbo engine with 204 hp (152 kW) and 207 pound-feet (280 Newton meters) of torque. Both motors will be mated exclusively to a six-speed automatic transmission, powering to the front wheels. The Hydractive hydropneumatic suspension won’t be available for the 2017 C5 facelift as Citroën has decided to drop it from its portfolio due to the high production costs and low customer demand.


title: Citroën C5

text: The C5 nameplate was revived on 12 April 2021. Dubbed as C5 X, the model emphasised the crossover styling and increased ground clearance. It is available as a plug-in hybrid with shared technology from the Peugeot 508. Later in the market, the C5 X was marketed as the Dongfeng Citroën Versailles C5 X in China, resurrecting the Versailles name first used in the Ford Versailles.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as subcosmopolitanism. This means near cosmopolitanism, but with major gaps in the distribution, say, complete absence from Australia. Terminology varies, and there is some debate whether the true opposite of endemism is pandemism or cosmopolitanism.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Another concept in biogeography is that of oceanic cosmopolitanism and endemism. Although there is a temptation to regard the World Ocean as a medium without biological boundaries, this is far from reality; many physical and biological barriers interfere with either the spread or continued residence of many species. For example, temperature gradients prevent free migration of tropical species between the Atlantic and Indian-plus-Pacific oceans, even though there is open passage past continental masses such as the Americas and Africa/Eurasia. Again, as far as many species are concerned, the Southern Ocean and the Northern marine regions are completely isolated from each other by the intolerable temperatures of the tropical regions. In the light of such considerations, it is no surprise to find that endemism and cosmopolitanism are quite as marked in the oceans as on land.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Another aspect of cosmopolitanism is that of ecological limitations. A species that is apparently cosmopolitan because it occurs in all oceans might in fact occupy only littoral zones, or only particular ranges of depths, or only estuaries, for example. Analogously, terrestrial species might be present only in forests, or mountainous regions, or sandy arid regions or the like. Such distributions might be patchy, or extended, but narrow. Factors of such a nature are taken widely for granted, so they seldom are mentioned explicitly in mentioning cosmopolitan distributions.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Cosmopolitanism of a particular species or variety should not be confused with cosmopolitanism of higher taxa. For example, the family Myrmeleontidae is cosmopolitan in the sense that every continent except Antarctica is home to some indigenous species within the Myrmeleontidae, but nonetheless no one species, nor even genus, of the Myrmeleontidae is cosmopolitan. Conversely, partly as a result of human introduction of unnatural apiculture to the New World, "Apis mellifera" probably is the only cosmopolitan member of its family; the rest of the family Apidae have modest distributions.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Even where a cosmopolitan population is recognised as a single species, such as indeed "Apis mellifera", there generally will be variation between regional sub-populations. Such variation commonly is at the level of subspecies, varieties or morphs, whereas some variation is too slight or inconsistent for formal recognition.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: For an example of subspecific variation, consider the so-called "African killer bee", which is the subspecies "Apis mellifera scutellata", and the Cape bee, which is the subspecies "Apis mellifera capensis"; both of them are in the same cosmopolitan species "Apis mellifera", but their ranges barely overlap.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Other cosmopolitan species, such as the osprey and house sparrow, present similar examples, but in yet other species there are less familiar complications: some migratory birds such as the Arctic tern occur from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean, but at any one season of the year they are likely to be largely in passage or concentrated at only one end of the range. Also, some such species breed only at one end of the range. Seen purely as an aspect of cosmopolitanism, such distributions could be seen as temporal, seasonal variations.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Other complications of cosmopolitanism on a planet too large for local populations to interbreed routinely with each other include genetic effects such as ring species, such as in the "Larus" gulls, and the formation of clines such as in "Drosophila".


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: Cosmopolitan distributions can be observed both in extinct and extant species. For example, "Lystrosaurus" was cosmopolitan in the Early Triassic after the Permian-Triassic extinction event.


title: Cosmopolitan distribution

text: In the modern world, the killer whale, the blue whale, and the great white shark all have cosmopolitan distribution, extending over most of the Earth's oceans. The wasp "Copidosoma floridanum" is another example, as it is found around the world. Other examples include humans, cats, dogs, the western honey bee, the foliose lichen "Parmelia sulcata", and the mollusc genus "Mytilus". The term can also apply to some diseases. It may result from a broad range of environmental tolerances or from rapid dispersal compared to the time needed for speciation.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Stuart Errol Ungar (September 8, 1953 – November 22, 1998) was an American professional poker, blackjack, and gin rummy player, widely regarded to have been the greatest gin player of all time and one of the best Texas hold 'em players.


title: Stu Ungar

text: He is one of two people in poker history to have won the World Series of Poker Main Event three times. He is the only person to win Amarillo Slim's Super Bowl of Poker three times, the world's second most prestigious poker title of its time. Additionally, he is one of only four players in poker history to win consecutive titles in the WSOP Main Event, along with Johnny Moss, Doyle Brunson and Johnny Chan.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was born to Jewish parents Isidore (1907–1967) and Faye Ungar (1916–1979). He was raised on Manhattan's Lower East Side. His father, Isidore ("Ido") Ungar, was a bookmaker and loan shark who ran a bar/social club called Foxes Corner that doubled as a gambling establishment, exposing Stu to gambling at a young age. Despite Ido's attempts to keep his son from gambling after seeing its effects on his regular customers, Stu began playing underground gin rummy and quickly made a name for himself. Ungar was gifted at school and skipped seventh grade, but then dropped out of school in tenth grade.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ido died of a heart attack on July 25, 1967. Following his father's death, and with his mother virtually incapacitated by a stroke, Ungar drifted around the New York gambling scene until age 18, when he was befriended by reputed organized crime figure Victor Romano. Romano was regarded as one of the best card players of his time. He had the ability to recite the spelling and definition of all of the words in the dictionary and apparently shared a penchant and interest for calculating odds while gambling as Ungar did. By many accounts, the two developed a very close relationship, with Romano serving as a mentor and protector.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was infamous for his arrogance and for routinely criticizing aloud the play of opponents he felt were beneath him, which included just about anyone. One of Ungar's most famous quotes sums up his competitiveness: "I never want to be called a 'good loser.' Show me a good loser and I'll just show you a loser." However, his relationship with Romano gave Ungar protection from various gamblers who did not take kindly to his crass attitude and assassin-like playing style.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar won a local gin tournament at age 10. He dropped out of school to play gin rummy in the 1960s full-time to help support his mother and sister after his father died, and began regularly winning tournaments which earned him $10,000 or more. By 1976, he was regarded as one of the best players in New York City.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar eventually had to leave New York due to gambling debts at local race tracks. He later moved to Miami, Florida, to find more action. In 1977, Ungar left Miami for Las Vegas, Nevada, where he reunited with Madeline Wheeler, a former girlfriend who would become his wife in 1982.


title: Stu Ungar

text: One of the reasons Ungar eventually took up poker exclusively was because gin action had dried up due to his skilled reputation. Ungar destroyed anyone who challenged him in a gin match, including a professional widely regarded as the best gin player of Ungar's generation, Harry "Yonkie" Stein. Ungar beat Stein 86 games to none in a high-stakes game of Hollywood Gin, after which Stein dropped out of sight in gin circles and eventually stopped playing professionally. As one observer who knew him put it, Stein "was never the same after that night." After beating Stein and several other top gin professionals, Ungar was a marked man. Nobody wanted to play him in gin. In the hopes of generating more action for himself, Ungar began offering potential opponents handicaps to even the playing field. He was known to let his opponent (professional or not) look at the last card in the deck, offer rebates to defeated opponents and always play each hand in the dealer position, all of which put him at a strong disadvantage.


title: Stu Ungar

text: At the time Ungar first visited Las Vegas in 1977, gin was still popular in a tournament format, much like heads up poker tournaments. Ungar won or finished high in so many gin tournaments that several casinos asked him to not play in them because many players said they would not enter if they knew Ungar was playing. Ungar later said in his biography that he loved seeing his opponent slowly break down over the course of a match, realizing he could not win and eventually get a look of desperation on his face.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Shortly after arriving in Las Vegas, Ungar defeated professional gambler Billy Baxter for $40,000. Baxter noted when Ungar first entered the room, Baxter did not believe he was his opponent because of Ungar's youthful looks and small stature. Baxter also said that during their match, a Coca-Cola crate had to be placed on Ungar's chair so he could reach the table.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Though he is nowadays more well known for his poker accomplishments, Ungar regarded himself as a better gin rummy player, once stating,


title: Stu Ungar

text: In 1980, Ungar entered the World Series of Poker (WSOP) looking for more high-stakes action. In an interview for the 1997 Main Event Final Table, Ungar told ESPN TV commentator Gabe Kaplan that the 1980 WSOP was the first time he had ever played a Texas hold'em tournament. (Ungar's first tournament, however, was the 1980 Super Bowl of Poker Main Event, which Kaplan himself won. Stu finished 34th of 41 players.) Poker legend Doyle Brunson remarked that it was the first time he had seen a player improve as the tournament went on.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar won the main event, defeating Brunson to become the youngest champion in its history (surpassed first by Phil Hellmuth in 1989, then others). Ungar looked even younger than he was, and was dubbed "The Kid."


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar would defend his title successfully at the 1981 WSOP by defeating Perry Green. Ungar was nearly not allowed to defend his title. Several days before the main event, he was banned from Binion's Horseshoe by Benny Binion because he spat in the face of a dealer after losing a sizable pot in a high-stakes game. It was only when Binion's son, Jack, interceded and convinced his father to let Ungar play, citing the media attention that the defending champion would attract.


title: Stu Ungar

text: As the reigning world champion, Ungar won his second bracelet in 1981 in the $10,000 Deuce to Seven Draw event, defeating 1978 world champion Bobby Baldwin in heads-up play. For this victory, Ungar received $95,000.


title: Stu Ungar

text: In the 1983 World Series of Poker, Ungar won his fourth bracelet. He defeated professional poker player and multi-WSOP bracelet winner Dewey Tomko in the $5,000 Seven Card Stud event, winning $110,000.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar's prodigy-level IQ and total recall contributed to his blackjack card counting abilities, which were so sharp that he was frequently banned from playing in casinos; he was eventually unable to play blackjack in Las Vegas or anywhere else.


title: Stu Ungar

text: In 1977, Ungar was bet $100,000 by Bob Stupak, an owner and designer of casinos, that he could not count down half a six-deck shoe and determine the last three decks (156 cards). Ungar won the bet.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was fined in 1982 by the New Jersey Gaming Commission for allegedly cheating while playing blackjack in an Atlantic City casino. The casino said that Ungar "capped" a bet (put extra chips on a winning hand after it was over to be paid out more), something he vehemently denied. The fine for this offense was $500; however, paying it would have also forced Ungar to admit that he had cheated. Ungar believed that his memory and card counting ability were natural skills and thus he did not need to cap bets or partake in any form of blackjack cheating. Ungar fought the case in court and won, avoiding the $500 fine. The court battle, though, cost him an estimated $50,000 in legal and travel expenses. In his biography, Ungar claimed he was consequently so exhausted from travel and court proceedings that he was not able to successfully defend his WSOP main event title.


title: Stu Ungar

text: In 1997, a near-broke Ungar convinced the management at the Lady Luck Hotel & Casino to let him play single-deck blackjack. Since Ungar was a known card counter, the casino managers agreed on the condition that his betting would have a high and a low limit (a limited spread), which, they presumed would render useless Ungar's card counting ability. However, in the game of single-deck blackjack, playing strategy (i.e. how to play a hand and deviate from basic strategy) brings more benefits to the player than betting strategy (i.e. how much to bet on the upcoming round). Ungar continued to play blackjack at the Lady Luck for six months. He built his bankroll up to as much as $300,000 but eventually busted out.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar's mother had died in 1979. It was also around this time that Ungar began using cocaine. He noted in his autobiography that at first he used it on the advice of fellow poker players because of the drug's ability to keep someone up and energized for a long period of time, something that would come in handy during marathon poker sessions. However, recreational use soon led to addiction.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar and Madeline were married in 1982 and had a daughter, Stefanie, that same year. Ungar also legally adopted Madeline's son from her first marriage, Richie, who adored Ungar and took his surname.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar and Madeline divorced in 1986. Richie committed suicide in 1989, shortly after his high school prom.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar's drug problem escalated to such a point that during the WSOP Main Event in 1990, Ungar was found on the third day of the tournament unconscious on the floor of his hotel room from a drug overdose. However, he had such a chip lead that even when the dealers kept taking his blinds out every orbit, Ungar still made the final table and finished ninth, pocketing $25,050.


title: Stu Ungar

text: His addiction took such a physical toll that in an ESPN piece, many of Ungar's friends and fellow competitors said that they thought that he would not live to see his fortieth birthday. In the same piece, one friend said that the only thing that kept him alive was his determination to see his daughter grow up.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Most of Ungar's winnings at the poker table he lost quickly betting on sports or horses, always looking for "action".


title: Stu Ungar

text: Many of Ungar's friends, including Mike Sexton, began to encourage him to enter drug rehab and offered to pay for Ungar to receive treatment at any facility in the world. Ungar refused, citing several people he knew who had been to rehab previously who told him that drugs were easier to obtain in rehab than on the street.


title: Stu Ungar

text: In 1997, Ungar was deeply in debt and clearly showed physical damage from his years of addiction. However, he would receive the $10,000 buy-in to the WSOP Main Event from fellow poker pro and friend Billy Baxter moments before the tournament started and was the last person added to the roster, mere seconds before the signup closed.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was exhausted on the tournament's first day as he had been up for over 24 hours straight trying to raise or borrow enough money to play in the event. At one point midway through the first day of play, Ungar began to fall asleep at his table and told Mike Sexton (who was also playing) he didn't think he could make it. After encouragement from Sexton and a tongue lashing from Baxter, Ungar settled in and made it through the day.


title: Stu Ungar

text: During the tournament, Ungar kept a picture of his daughter Stefanie in his wallet, and he regularly called her with updates on his progress. Following an up-and-down first day, Ungar showed up for each subsequent day well rested and mentally sharp. He would go on to amass a large chip lead and carry the lead into the final table. Ungar was so highly regarded at this point that local bookies made him the favorite to win the tournament over the entire field, an extreme rarity.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar went on to win the Main Event, joining Johnny Moss as the only three-time winners. After his victory, which was taped for broadcast by ESPN, Ungar was interviewed by Gabe Kaplan, and he showed the picture of his daughter to the camera and dedicated his win to her. He and Baxter split the $1,000,000 first prize evenly. Ungar was dubbed "The Comeback Kid" by the Las Vegas media because of the span (sixteen years) between his main event wins as well as his past drug abuse.


title: Stu Ungar

text: During the 1997 WSOP, Ungar wore a pair of round, cobalt blue–tinted sunglasses to, according to co-biographer Peter Alson, "hide the fact that his nostrils had collapsed from cocaine abuse."


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar spent all of his 1997 WSOP prize money over the course of the next few months, mainly on drugs and sports betting. He attempted to give up drugs several times at the behest of Stefanie but stayed clean for only weeks at a time before relapsing.


title: Stu Ungar

text: As the 1998 WSOP approached, Baxter again offered to pay his entry fee to the main event. However, ten minutes before play started, Ungar told Baxter he was tired and did not feel like playing. Ungar later said the real reason he chose not to play in the event was due to his drug abuse in the weeks prior to the tournament. He noted that he felt showing up in his current condition would be more embarrassing than not showing up at all.


title: Stu Ungar

text: In November 1998, Ungar was looking to clean up his life. His friend Bob Stupak made an arrangement to stake Ungar over a period of time as a fresh start for Ungar.


title: Stu Ungar

text: On November 20, 1998, Ungar checked into room No. 6 at the Oasis Motel, a budget motel located at the end of the Las Vegas Strip. Ungar paid just $48 per night for two nights. On November 22, he was found in the room dead, lying on the floor, fully clothed and with the television off. Doyle Brunson was quoted: “Everybody felt terrible, but it wasn’t a surprise.”


title: Stu Ungar

text: Among his possessions was $800 of a $25,000 advance from Bob Stupak, who earlier in the month Ungar had signed a contract with to pay off debts and finance his tournament play in exchange for future winnings. No drugs were found in the room. It is unknown where the remainder of the money went.


title: Stu Ungar

text: An autopsy showed traces of drugs in Ungar's system, but not enough to have directly caused his death. The medical examiner concluded that his death was the result of a heart condition brought on by years of drug abuse.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Despite having won an estimated $30 million during his poker career, Ungar died with no assets to his name. Stupak took up a collection at Ungar's funeral to raise funds to pay for the services.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was noted for his ultra-aggressive playing style and well-timed bluffs. Mike Sexton said that Ungar's chips were constantly in motion, and he was described by a fellow professional poker player during the 1997 World Series of Poker as having a clairvoyant ability to see his opponents' hole cards.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Several of Ungar's financial backers have commented that he could have earned an immeasurable amount more over his career had he been more of a 'hustler', giving his opponents the false belief they could beat him and thus be willing to risk more money trying. However, Ungar wanted to beat his opponents as soundly as possible, and he often insulted those whose skills he felt were inferior to his own. In his biography, Ungar also noted several opponents who offered to pay him to lose a gin match on purpose in order to collect a large side bet. The opponent would have someone else place the bet, and upon winning they would split the large payoff with Ungar. However, Ungar indicated that pride in his own skill would not allow him to do this; apparently he could not stand the idea of someone having a victory against him, even an illegitimate one.


title: Stu Ungar

text: During the 1992 World Series of Poker, Ungar faced off against 1990 World Champion Mansour Matloubi in a series of $50,000 buy-in no limit hold'em heads-up freezeout events. On the final hand of the game, Matloubi tried to bluff Ungar all-in for $32,000 on the river with a board of 3-3-7-K-Q. Ungar, who held 10-9, thought for a few seconds and said to Matloubi, "You have 4-5 or 5-6 so I'm gonna call you with this" and flipped over his 10-high to win the pot and bust Matloubi, who in fact held 4-5 offsuit.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar was once at an airport attempting to fly out of the United States to Europe for a poker tournament with several fellow pros. All of his friends had passports, but he did not. He did not even have a Social Security number until after his 1980 WSOP win and that was only because he was forced to obtain one in order to collect his winnings. Upon telling the airport customs agent he needed the passport immediately to leave the country, the agent replied that for a small fee, they could push the necessary forms through quicker for him. Ungar misconstrued this as a request for a bribe, something he was used to back in New York when with Romano. He had no problem doing this and slipped the agent a $100 bill. However the agent was actually referring to a small "expedite fee" that was common for all passport applicants. The agent was going to call the police and have Ungar arrested for attempting to bribe a public official before his fellow poker players stepped in and smoothed things over.


title: Stu Ungar

text: At one point Ungar was being staked by Las Vegas mob enforcer Anthony "The Ant" Spilotro, and showed up at Spilotro's house after having been gone for two days (he was supposed to check in to report his take every day) with a gun in his waistband. Through a slit in the doorway, Spilotro's son Vincent witnessed his father beat Ungar brutally, not for losing money or not having reported, but for the disrespect of bringing a gun into his home. His relationship with Spilotro was one that helped define Las Vegas of the 1980s.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Despite owning several expensive cars, Ungar rarely drove. This could have possibly come from the time he purchased a brand new Mercedes sports car and drove it until the vehicle ran out of oil and broke down. He brought it back to the dealership and was told by a mechanic that it had no oil and thus would not run. Ungar replied, "Why the hell didn't you tell me you had to put oil in the car?" He preferred to take a taxicab virtually anywhere he went, even from his home in Las Vegas to the casinos, which were only a short distance away. Ungar was known to be a large tipper to cabbies and casino employees, regardless of whether he was winning. Mike Sexton once noted that "Stuey spent what most people make in a year on cab fares."


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar's friends often said he "ate like a wild animal." Ungar saw eating as something that had to be gotten over with so he could get back to gambling action. He would often call restaurants ahead of time and place an order for himself and everyone in his party so it was ready at the same time his table was when they got there. Sexton noted that because Ungar would pay for everyone in his dining party, regardless of how expensive the meal was, it was impossible to argue with his method. He would race in to the restaurant, shovel the food down as fast as he could, throw cash for the entire meal plus a generous tip on the table and be ready to leave, even if the rest of his party had just barely started on drinks or appetizers.


title: Stu Ungar

text: The same friends however also noted that Ungar, when he had money, was one of the most generous people they had ever met. He was known to always be willing to help out a friend. When he was on a hot winning streak, he sent his longtime sports betting friend Michael "Baseball Mike" Salem enough money to pay for several months of his mortgage. Salem had not asked for money and had only mentioned offhand to Ungar he was in the midst of a nasty losing streak. Ungar's own attorney recalled a time when Ungar asked him how he was doing. He responded that he was OK, but struggling a little financially. Ungar immediately took $10,000 cash out of his pocket and gave it to him, saying "Take it. It's yours. Pay me back when you can. And if you don't pay me back, that's OK too." One time, he was walking through Las Vegas with Doyle Brunson. A man stopped him and asked for some money. Ungar pulled out a $100 bill and gave it to the man. When Brunson asked he who the man was, Ungar replied, "If I had known his name, I would have given him $200."


title: Stu Ungar

text: Sexton and Ungar became friends when Sexton was suffering a losing streak and was nearly broke. Ungar was playing in a high limit seven card stud game and had to use the restroom. He told Sexton to "pick up a hand" (play the next hand) for him. This is generally not allowed in card rooms today, but for top pros like Ungar, rules were much more laxly enforced back then. Although Sexton made a straight on the first five cards he was dealt, he played cautiously at first, not wanting to be overly aggressive with another man's money. Ungar returned from the restroom in the middle of the hand, at which point he was (to Sexton's surprise) thrilled that his money was involved in such a giant pot. His attitude made Sexton more comfortable with playing the hand aggressively and he ended up winning a large amount. Ungar saw another stud game going on across the room and gave Sexton $1,500 to go play in it. Sexton did and won an additional $4,000, of which he gave Ungar half and began to rebuild his bankroll.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar also once won a large amount of money (over $1.5 million) on a series of horse races. That night, he took all his close friends out to a strip club and paid for the entire evening, which included numerous girls, Cristal champagne and a VIP booth. Sexton estimated the night cost Ungar $8,800, and he never once asked or expected anybody to pay him back.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar never had a bank account in his own name, preferring to keep his money in safe deposit boxes in hotels across Las Vegas. He dismissed the notion of a bank or checking account. "You mean I can't go there at midnight and get my money out?", he asked (this was before the advent of ATMs). "That's ridiculous." Madeline noted that Ungar had no concept of how a bank account even worked since he paid for everything in cash. According to her, he believed that if you had a bank account and wrote a check, the check would be honored; not understanding that you need to take cash to the bank and deposit it to have the funds available to write a check first.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar is regarded by many poker analysts and insiders as one of the greatest pure-talent players ever to play the game, but his long-time friend Mike Sexton said, "In the game of life, Stu Ungar was a loser."


title: Stu Ungar

text: During his poker career, he won five WSOP bracelets, and over $3,600,000 in tournament pay with over $2,000,000 coming from cashes at the WSOP. He won a total of 10 major no-limit Texas hold 'em events (buy-ins $5,000 or higher) out of a total of 30 major tournaments he entered in his life, a record still unsurpassed in percentage terms.


title: Stu Ungar

text: Ungar also won the Main Event at the now-defunct Amarillo Slim's Super Bowl of Poker in 1984, 1988 and 1989, when it was considered by the poker world the world's second most prestigious poker title. As Amarillo Slim himself put it, "Stu musta won a million dollars in my tournaments."


title: Stu Ungar

text: A movie based loosely on his life, "" (alternate title "Stuey"), was made in 2003. He was portrayed by Michael Imperioli.


title: Stu Ungar

text: His biography, "One of a Kind: The Rise and Fall of Stuey 'the Kid' Ungar, the World's Greatest Poker Player" by Nolan Dalla and Peter Alson was published in 2005. The Emmy-winning ESPN documentary "One of a Kind: The Rise and Fall of Stu Ungar" was broadcast in 2006. It contained interviews with his wife and daughter and several other people who knew him. It also featured excerpts from tapes he recorded in the last year of his life for an autobiography that never appeared.


title: Sex change

text: Sex change is a process by which a living being changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones or vice versa.


title: Sex change

text: Sex change may occur naturally, as in the case of the sequential hermaphroditism observed in some species. Most commonly, however, the term is used for sex reassignment therapy, including sex reassignment surgery, carried out on humans. It is also sometimes used for the medical procedures applied to intersex people. The term may also be applied to the broader process of changing gender role ("living as a woman" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), including but not necessarily limited to medical procedures.


title: Sex change

text: Some species exhibit sequential hermaphroditism. In these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process. Clownfish, wrasses, moray eels, gobies and other fish species are known to change sex, including reproductive functions. A school of clownfish is always built into a hierarchy with a female fish at the top. When she dies, the most dominant male changes sex and takes her place. In the wrasses (the family Labridae), sex change is from female to male, with the largest female of the harem changing into a male and taking over the harem upon the disappearance of the previous dominant male.


title: Sex change

text: Natural sex change, in both directions, has also been reported in mushroom corals. This is posited to take place in response to environmental or energetic constraints, and to improve the organism's evolutionary fitness; similar phenomena are observed in some dioecious plants.


title: Sex change

text: Chickens can sometimes undergo natural sex changes. Normally, female chickens have just one functional ovary, on their left side. Although two sex organs are present during the embryonic stages of all birds, once a chicken's female hormones come into effect, it typically develops only the left ovary. The right gonad, which has yet to be defined as an ovary, testes, or both (called an ovotestis), typically remains dormant. Certain medical conditions can cause a chicken's left ovary to regress. In the absence of a functional left ovary, the dormant right sex organ may begin to grow; if the activated right gonad is an ovotestis or testes, it will begin secreting androgens. The hen does not completely change into a rooster, however. This transition is limited to making the bird phenotypically male. The condition could also be caused by mycotoxins that can develop when animal feed is stored, and these have the same effect as synthetic hormones. In about 10 percent of cases, if eggs fertilized with male chromosomes are cooled by a few degrees for three days after laying, the relative activity of the sex hormones will favour development of female characteristics. The sex chromosomes work by coding for enzymes that affect the bird's development in the egg and during its life. This cooling will produce a chicken with a fully functioning and reproductively fertile female body-type, even though the chicken is genetically male.


title: Sex change

text: Several medical conditions can result in an apparent sex change in humans, where the appearance at birth is somewhat, mostly, or completely of one sex, but changes over the course of a lifetime to being somewhat, mostly, or completely of the other sex. The overwhelming majority of natural sex changes are from a female appearance at birth to a male appearance after puberty, due to either 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (5alpha-RD-2) or 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (17beta-HSD-3).


title: Sex change

text: The term "sex change" to refer to sex reassignment surgery, that is, a set of medical procedures undergone by transgender people to alter their sexual characteristics from male to female or from female to male, is considered offensive and inaccurate by some in the transgender community. The term is also sometimes used for the medical procedures intersex people undergo, or, more often, are subjected to as children.


title: Sex change

text: The term "sex change" is sometimes also used for the whole process of changing gender role ("living as a woman" instead of living as a man, or vice versa), not limited to medical procedures. (This process is often much more important to transgender people than the medical procedures themselves, although medically induced changes and surgeries may be needed to make a change of gender role possible, both socially and legally; they can also have a very significant impact on the person's well-being.)


title: Sex change

text: Many people regard the term "sex reassignment surgery" as preferable to "sex change". Sex in humans is usually determined by four factors:


title: Sex change

text: Sex reassignment is usually preceded by a period of feminization or masculinization. This is accomplished through hormone replacement therapy, where, for those transitioning to female, estrogens and antiandrogens and sometimes progestogens are prescribed. For those transitioning to male, androgens are prescribed. The most common minimum waiting period before gender reassignment surgery is two years, as specified by the Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People. Hormone replacement therapy is normally started after sufficient counseling, and/or after a period of living 'full-time' (in the target gender) typically for a minimum of six months. This waiting period may vary depending on local regulations and is sometimes nonexistent. Many trans people become medical tourists, as gender reassignment surgery is typically less expensive, less regulated, and sometimes performed by much more experienced surgeons in countries such as Thailand.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular:


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: Any conic section can be defined as the locus of points whose distances to a point (the focus) and a line (the directrix) are in a constant ratio. That ratio is called the eccentricity, commonly denoted as .


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity can also be defined in terms of the intersection of a plane and a double-napped cone associated with the conic section. If the cone is oriented with its axis vertical, the eccentricity is


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: where β is the angle between the plane and the horizontal and α is the angle between the cone's slant generator and the horizontal. For formula_3 the plane section is a circle, for formula_4 a parabola. (The plane must not meet the vertex of the cone.)


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The linear eccentricity of an ellipse or hyperbola, denoted (or sometimes or ), is the distance between its center and either of its two foci. The eccentricity can be defined as the ratio of the linear eccentricity to the semimajor axis : that is, formula_5 (lacking a center, the linear eccentricity for parabolas is not defined). It is worth to note that a parabola can be treated as an ellipse or a hyperbola, but with one focal point at infinity.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity is sometimes called the first eccentricity to distinguish it from the second eccentricity and third eccentricity defined for ellipses (see below). The eccentricity is also sometimes called the numerical eccentricity.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: In the case of ellipses and hyperbolas the linear eccentricity is sometimes called the half-focal separation.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: Here, for the ellipse and the hyperbola, is the length of the semi-major axis and is the length of the semi-minor axis.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: the following formula gives the eccentricity if the conic section is not a parabola (which has eccentricity equal to 1), not a degenerate hyperbola or degenerate ellipse, and not an imaginary ellipse:


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly less than 1. When circles (which have eccentricity 0) are counted as ellipses, the eccentricity of an ellipse is greater than or equal to 0; if circles are given a special category and are excluded from the category of ellipses, then the eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly greater than 0.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity of an ellipse is, most simply, the ratio of the distance between the center of the ellipse and each focus to the length of the semimajor axis .


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity is also the ratio of the semimajor axis to the distance from the center to the directrix:


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity can be expressed in terms of the flattening (defined as formula_13 for semimajor axis and semiminor axis ):


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: Define the maximum and minimum radii formula_15 and formula_16 as the maximum and minimum distances from either focus to the ellipse (that is, the distances from either focus to the two ends of the major axis). Then with semimajor axis , the eccentricity is given by


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity of a hyperbola can be any real number greater than 1, with no upper bound. The eccentricity of a rectangular hyperbola is formula_18.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: The eccentricity of a three-dimensional quadric is the eccentricity of a designated section of it. For example, on a triaxial ellipsoid, the "meridional eccentricity" is that of the ellipse formed by a section containing both the longest and the shortest axes (one of which will be the polar axis), and the "equatorial eccentricity" is the eccentricity of the ellipse formed by a section through the centre, perpendicular to the polar axis (i.e. in the equatorial plane). But: conic sections may occur on surfaces of higher order, too (see image).


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: In celestial mechanics, for bound orbits in a spherical potential, the definition above is informally generalized. When the apocenter distance is close to the pericenter distance, the orbit is said to have low eccentricity; when they are very different, the orbit is said be eccentric or having eccentricity near unity. This definition coincides with the mathematical definition of eccentricity for ellipses, in Keplerian, i.e., formula_19 potentials.


title: Eccentricity (mathematics)

text: A number of classifications in mathematics use derived terminology from the classification of conic sections by eccentricity:


title: TERA (video game)

text: TERA (short for The Exiled Realm of Arborea), also known as TERA Online, was a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Bluehole Studio, a subsidiary of Krafton. The game was released in South Korea on 25 January 2011, in North America on 1 May 2012, and in Europe on 3 May 2012, with closed and open beta tests taking place before the launch dates. Nexon, Krafton, and Gameforge published the game in these regions, respectively. En Masse Entertainment was the North American publisher, until September 2020, while Atari handled physical distribution. In February 2013 the game was renamed to "TERA: Rising" concurrently with the game's launch to the free-to-play model.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In September 2014, the game was renamed to "TERA: Fate of Arun" in the same patch that added a new level cap and expanded "TERA"s horizons with the new continent in Northern Arun: Val Oriyn "cut off from the rest of the world for centuries, Northern Arun is a land of savage jungles, colossal ruins, and the undiscovered homeland of the Barakas." The patch became effective in December 2014 in America and Europe. The game has over players worldwide, .


title: TERA (video game)

text: In April 2018, "TERA" went on to release on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, through En Masse Entertainment in North America, Europe, and Japan, whereas Krafton decided to self-publish the game in South East Asia for the PlayStation 4 and Japan for Xbox One.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In September 2020, En Masse Entertainment announced that it would be shutting down its offices after 10 years of service in the gaming industry, where it was decided that Krafton would be publishing "TERA"s Console version globally – taking over a self-publishing role, in place of En Masse Entertainment, whereas the PC version would be published by Gameforge.


title: TERA (video game)

text: The Console version diverted paths from its original PC counterpart, and declared that it would be taking its own path. "TERA" is set to release its Crossplay Feature in Mid-November 2020, which players on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One will be able to play together. In addition to this feature, "TERA" will offer a free upgrade for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X, along with the Xbox Series S, in Holidays 2020, with an Enhanced Graphics Mode – which will allow for cross-generation and cross-platform gaming.


title: TERA (video game)

text: On 20 April 2022, Gameforge announced that Bluehole had decided to cease work on "TERA" and that Gameforge would shut down the game's servers on 30 June 2022.


title: TERA (video game)

text: "TERA" had typical MMORPG features such as questing, crafting, and player versus player action. The game's combat used a real-time battle system that incorporated third-person camera view. The player targeted an enemy with a cross-hair cursor rather than clicking or tabbing an individual opponent (which was called the "Non-Target battle system" by the developer). The Players needed to actively dodge enemy attacks. A keyboard and mouse or a control pad could be used to control the character.


title: TERA (video game)

text: Characters were one of seven races allied with the Valkyon Federation. Each race had a set of unique "racial skills" that gave them minor advantages. Races also had their own unique animations for many class-specific skills. "TERA" also had 13 classes (as of October 2017), each with their own unique abilities and attributes.


title: TERA (video game)

text: The developers collaborated with CCP Games and their successful use of "PLEX" for "Eve Online" as a way of deterring gold farmers. As a result, "TERA" released a currency called "Chronoscrolls" that worked similarly, as it allowed game time to be purchased with real money and sold for in-game gold. The use of Chronoscrolls was only available to users who had purchased the game either digitally or physically. Those with the "Discovery Edition" could not use Chronoscrolls.


title: TERA (video game)

text: The two beings, Arun and Shara, titans of unimaginable power, met in a formless void. Somehow, Arun and Shara fell asleep and began to dream. As they slept, the Exiled Realm of Arborea began to manifest itself around them. Today, both Arun's and Shara's bodies form the two continents the Exiled Realm of Arborea is made of.


title: TERA (video game)

text: As both titans continued to sleep, their dreams came to life. Out of this dream, the first twelve god-like inhabitants of TERA emerged not long before a terrible war amongst them took place.


title: TERA (video game)

text: Yet, Arun and Shara remained in their dream-like state and simply out of their imagination, the first mortals came to life. The mortals and gods fought each other in great divine wars, leaving most of the gods dead, imprisoned, or otherwise diminished. Even some of the mortal species got wiped out; however, others emerged and today, most of TERA's races form an alliance fighting menaces beyond their world.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In February 2013, "TERA" in North America and Europe transitioned to "TERA: Rising", which changed the subscription model to a "freemium" design (free play plus purchasable premium status and customization options). The developer has promised no time, level, or content restrictions for free players after this update. Players who purchase a 30-day "Elite" status will receive increased dungeon rewards, in-game discounts and other metagame advantages Due to the new model, the "Chronoscrolls" mentioned above are being phased out, and are no longer sold by the developer, nor usable to extend game time. Existing chronoscrolls can be sold to merchants for 2,000 gold.


title: TERA (video game)

text: The Japanese and Korean versions of "TERA" also became free to play in December 2012 and January 2013, respectively.


title: TERA (video game)

text: On 5 May 2015 "TERA"s new patch 31.04 was released in which the game became available on Steam. Along with being available on Steam, the gunner class was released and new dungeons were added. Krafton also released inactive character names, making them available to new characters.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In 2019 Patch 80 was released, this update increased the level cap to level 70 and introduced new quests as well as "a new open-world boss system."


title: TERA (video game)

text: In 2021 Patch 109 was released, this update opens up an area created by the original developer team, Baldera


title: TERA (video game)

text: On April 20, 2022, Bluehole Studio, the leading development team for "TERA", announced termination of game on PC.


title: TERA (video game)

text: As of June 30, 2022. All operations for "TERA" have ceased. "TERA", unable to continue at any official capacity, remains accessible only through player-run private servers. The PC version of "TERA" is officially shut down, while the console version remains active. It is currently unknown if the closure of "TERA" is a permanent decision by BlueHole Studio, or if it will undergo active development in the future.


title: TERA (video game)

text: "TERA" has been met with generally favorable reviews, citing the action-based gameplay, huge and widely varied seamless world, the exciting and recurring Big Ass Monster (BAM) fights, the ease of using the game's auction house (called the Trade Broker) and lush, detailed graphics as the game's high points. The option of using a console controller also provided much satisfaction for players that wanted to play an MMORPG without relying on a keyboard and mouse. The game's musical score received praise for its varied and emotionally charged tracks ranging from epic orchestral pieces to more mellow tunes. Criticism is directed at the game's generic collect/kill/rendezvous quest grind to level up, with some quests backtracking simply to talk to the same NPC. Player killing is commonly done in the Open World and has been met with a lot of praise due to the freedom and constant action it can bring to daily questing and traveling. Critics have targeted the Nexus Wars feature as a blatant rip-off of Rift's system.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In March 2013, after switching to a free-to-play business model, the game passed 1.4 million registered accounts.


title: TERA (video game)

text: By March 2017, "TERA" had over 25 million users worldwide. As of 5 May 2017, "TERA" had over 26 million registered players worldwide, including over 6.6 million in North America. A month after its console launch in April 2018, the game had 2million players on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One platforms, as of May 2018. , the game has over 28 million players worldwide.


title: TERA (video game)

text: In 2007, NCsoft filed a complaint to South Korean gosu gamer authorities and brought a civil action for damages and an injunction to Bluehole Studio. The Bluehole Studio founders and employees, formerly employed under NCsoft and working on the "Lineage III" development team, were convicted by a Korean criminal court for the theft of valuable trade secrets from NCsoft in 2009. In 2010, a Korean civil court held these individuals, along with Bluehole Studio, liable for misappropriation of trade secrets, awarding NCsoft about $2 million in damages and issuing an injunction against utilizing trade secrets for monetary gain. The damages were later reversed by an appellate court, but the injunction remained in place. Despite the injunction, Bluehole Studio developed and released "TERA" in South Korea.


title: TERA (video game)

text: On 9 January 2012, NCsoft filed a civil action in the United States against Bluehole Studio and its U.S. subsidiary En Masse. NCsoft was seeking a preliminary and permanent injunction prohibiting the launch of "TERA" in the United States, or damages for the substantial harm that the launch would cause NCsoft. They asserted claims for copyright infringement, trade secret misappropriation, breach of confidence, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment under the laws of the state of New York.


title: TERA (video game)

text: On 18 April 2012, En Masse Entertainment announced they were found not guilty in the Korean civil actions. However, three employees were found guilty.


title: 2019 Indian general election in Telangana

text: The 2019 Indian general election was held in India on 11 April 2019, along with Telangana, to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha.


title: Ted Demme

text: Edward Kern Demme ( ; October 26, 1963 – January 13, 2002) was an American director, producer, and actor.


title: Ted Demme

text: Demme was born in New York City, the son of Gail (née Kern) and Frederick Rogers Demme. He grew up in Rockville Centre, New York on Long Island and attended South Side Senior High School. He graduated from SUNY-Cortland in 1985. He was the nephew of film producer and director Jonathan Demme.


title: Ted Demme

text: Demme's media career may have begun with a radio show at WSUC-FM (SUNY-Cortland), a mix of comedy and talk radio with the usual sidekick, as well as some music and was widely listened to on and off campus. His career had modest beginnings—starting as a production assistant at MTV, he later became a producer in the On-Air Promotions Department and created the cable network's hip-hop show "Yo! MTV Raps" (with Peter Dougherty), and directed other projects for them, including the black-and-white rants starring then-unknown chain-smoking comedian Denis Leary.


title: Ted Demme

text: Over the course of his career, he established a group of actors that he chose to work with on more than one occasion. The most frequently used of these was Leary, whom he directed as a lead or star in Leary's stand-up specials "No Cure for Cancer" and "Lock n' Load", as well as the films "Who's the Man?", "The Ref", and "Monument Ave." Leary produced the 2001 crime drama film "Blow", which starred Johnny Depp as George Jung and was directed by Demme.


title: Ted Demme

text: Demme was married to Amanda Scheer, with whom he had two children. Scheer later opened several popular Los Angeles bars, including Teddy's at the Roosevelt Hotel, named in honor of her late husband. He was a fan of the Green Bay Packers.


title: Ted Demme

text: On January 13, 2002, while playing a celebrity basketball game, Demme collapsed and died of a heart attack which may have been related to cocaine later found in his system during an autopsy. Demme was cremated, and his ashes were given to his family.


title: Ted Demme

text: Much of one edition of the IFC program "Dinner for Five" was given over to a description of Demme's last night and fond reminiscences about his life, mostly by Denis Leary and the show's host Jon Favreau. This touched on Demme's being a fan of the Green Bay Packers and his fondness for playing practical jokes.


title: Ted Demme

text: At the 2002 Golden Globe awards show, one week following Demme's death, Kevin Spacey wore a picture of Demme on his suit jacket. He was also in the 74th Academy Awards In Memoriam tribute that was also presented by Kevin Spacey.


title: Ted Demme

text: "The Truth About Charlie", his uncle Jonathan Demme's remake of "Charade", was dedicated in his memory.


title: Ted Demme

text: The 2003 album "Blackberry Belle" by The Twilight Singers led by Greg Dulli, was written in tribute to Demme, Dulli's close friend. Dulli had been working on another project, titled "Amber Headlights" (which would later see the light of day in 2005), but abandoned those sessions due to Demme's death. The recordings which followed, fueled in part by the memory of Demme, resulted in "Blackberry Belle".


title: Ted Demme

text: The 2002 film "Punch-Drunk Love", written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, is dedicated to Demme.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Matthew James "Matt" Roloff (born October 7, 1961) is an American television personality, author, farmer, business entrepreneur, and motivational speaker best known for participating with his family on the TLC reality television program "Little People, Big World". The show featured the Roloffs' daily life. Roloff has dwarfism, as does his ex-wife Amy and one of their four children, Zachary.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff was born with diastrophic dysplasia, a degenerative dwarfism that caused him to have fifteen operations as a child. He was born to Ron and Peggy Roloff, who are often featured on "Little People, Big World". They are of average height as is his older sister, Ruth. His younger brother Sam, an artist and founder of Back-Story Underpainting, has diastrophic dysplasia and uses crutches to walk as well. His middle brother Joshua was born with a severe heart malformation; he died in 1999 at age 34.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: The Roloff family includes Matt, Amy, also a little person with achondroplasia, and four children: fraternal twins Jeremy and Zachary (born 1990), Molly (born 1993), and Jacob (born 1997). Zach, like his mother, has achondroplasia, while the other three children are average height. Matt and Amy met at a Little People of America convention in 1987. The couple were engaged quickly and were married on September 12, 1987. In March 2014, the couple announced that they had separated. On June 5, 2015, the couple announced they would be divorcing. Their divorce was finalized in May 2016.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: The Roloffs bought a fixer-upper farmhouse on 34-acres in Helvetia, Oregon, in 1990. Roloff worked to create Roloff Farm, which now features pumpkins, pirate ship on a lake, three-story treehouse, full-size Medieval castle, regulation soccer field, volleyball court, mine shaft, and tunnels. There are also outbuildings and restored barns.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff Farm is open to the public during certain seasons of the year, such as pumpkin season. It receives approximately 30,000 visitors annually.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff appeared as an extra in the movie, "Under the Rainbow". He also appeared as an Ewok in the "Star Wars" TV movie "". He is good friends with fellow little person and actor Martin Klebba, who appeared in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" movie franchise and is also a member of a leading athletic club for little people, the LA Breakers.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff worked as a computer programmer for Silicon Valley companies including Altos Computer Systems in the late 1980s. He sold systems software to Fortune 500 companies. A friend encouraged him to take a job with Sequent Computer Systems, which was headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, in order to escape the long work hours and stress of Silicon Valley. Matt and his wife Amy relocated to the Portland area in 1990, while she was pregnant with twins Jeremy and Zachary.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff also has a number of other business ventures. On "Little People, Big World", he is shown running the business he co-founded, Direct Access Solutions, a company that provides accessibility products for little people to the hospitality industry.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Little People, Big World premiered in August 2005. It was filmed 320 days a year for six seasons. Roloff is an executive producer of the show.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: The first season took seven months to film. At the end of the first season of "Little People, Big World", Roloff is shown again taking a job in computer sales for the software company Amdocs, for which he worked as a consultant.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In 2008, Roloff traveled to Iraq to assist an Iraqi family with three dwarf children who needed medical attention. His trip was the subject of the season-ending episodes of the fourth season of Little People, Big World, and it was covered by CNN and other national news outlets. The entire family appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2008.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In December 2010, "Little People, Big World" concluded its sixth full season. After taking a short break, TLC/Discovery once again reached out to the Roloff family to film 4 one-hour "Little People, Big World" Specials.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In the summer of 2012, the Roloffs began filming another season, a spin-off called "". Six episodes were filmed and the show was released in November 2012.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: "Little People, Big World: Conquering Mt. St. Helens" premiered in March 2013. In this episode, Amy and Zach train to climb Mt. St. Helens and Matt builds a one-room schoolhouse. More specials like this aired.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff is an avid motivational speaker and is listed with the American Program Bureau and is a member of the National Speakers Association. His speeches usually cover inclusion, overcoming odds, and sales leadership.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff has spoken at corporate events for companies like Tyson Foods, Walmart, and United Healthcare. Additionally, he has spoken for associations, such as the Association of Legal Administrators (ALA) during their annual conference, the Kansas State Council of SHRM, the Manitoba Childcare Association, and the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center. Roloff was the keynote speaker at the Kids Included Together (KIT) International Conference on Inclusion 2013.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff also speaks at universities, and has spoken at institutions such as New Mexico State, Adelphi University in New York, Indiana University, Minnesota St. Cloud State University, and Penn State Worthington Scranton. He gave a speech on diversity at the 8th annual diversity conference at Indian Hills Community College in 2011.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In addition, Roloff has appeared as a celebrity guest on the Oprah Winfrey Show, The View, Good Morning America, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Rachael Ray, The Bonnie Hunt Show, Chelsea Lately, and .


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff has authored three books. In 1999, with the help of a ghostwriter, Roloff authored the book "Against Tall Odds: Being a David in a Goliath World".


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In April 2007, a second book, "Little Family, Big Values: Lessons in Love, Respect and Understanding for Families of Any Size", was released. Amazon.com credits The Roloff Family and Tracy Summer, the same ghostwriter that helped with Roloff's first book. In May 2018, Roloff's third book was released. The book is a children's book titled "Little Lucy, Big Race" and it's dedicated to his grandson, Jackson.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff is the former President of Little People of America. He also co-founded and serves as President of Coalition for Dwarf Advocacy, a non-profit for short-statured individuals. Roloff established Direct Access Solutions, which sells a Short Stature Accessibility Kit to hotel chains with tools for little people and people of short stature to ensure a safe hotel stay.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff has traveled to Iraq three times to visit U.S. troops and help an Iraqi family get medical attention for their three children with dwarfism.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In early 2013, the Roloffs sued Washington County, Oregon, when a county building inspector allegedly entered their property without permission or a warrant.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: In 2003, Roloff agreed to enter an alcohol diversion program after being charged with driving under the influence. The arrest stemmed from an incident in which Roloff swerved his vehicle off the road and into a ditch. Upon his completion of the program, the charges were dropped.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: On June 19, 2007, Roloff was pulled over by Washington County Sheriff's Deputy and charged with DUI. The deputy claimed that Roloff was driving outside the travel lane after leaving a bar parking lot. Roloff claimed that he had difficulty controlling the SUV because it was fitted with smaller pedal and brake extensions for his wife, and that he had dropped someone off in the bar parking lot.


title: Matthew Roloff

text: Roloff pleaded not guilty to the DUI charge. A witness stated that the bar parking lot was used as a meeting spot and that he did not see Roloff drinking that night. Judge Donald LeTourneau acquitted Roloff on the DUI charge and dismissed the case due to jury misconduct and inability to prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt. Judge Le Tourneau also stated "I have found Mr. Roloff credible in this case." The trial was the subject of the season opener of "Little People, Big World" on March 3, 2008, and its conclusion on March 10, 2008.


title: Toukie Smith

text: Doris A. Smith (born September 25, 1952), known professionally as Toukie Smith is an American actress and model. Smith is best known for her role as Eva Rawley on the NBC sitcom "227" (1989–90). She is the sister of fashion designer Willi Smith.


title: Toukie Smith

text: Smith was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a mother who worked at a factory and a father who was a butcher. She had two brothers, Willi Smith, the designer, and Norman Smith. She attended Fashion Institute of Technology.


title: Toukie Smith

text: Smith started her career in 1972 as a model, working for such brands as Chanel, Versace, Geoffrey Beene, Issey Miyake, Norma Kamali, Thierry Mugler, and Patrick Kelly. She also modeled for her brother Willi Smith's brand WilliWear Ltd.


title: Toukie Smith

text: She also had a successful print career, including a photo campaign for Yves St. Laurent as well as appearances in the magazines "Vogue", "ELLE", "Ebony", "Cosmopolitan", "Redbook", and "Seventeen". In 1978, Smith was named Bloomingdale's Model of the Year and became the second African–American model to have a mannequin designed in her likeness. Besides "227", her other credits include "Talkin' Dirty After Dark" (1991), "Joe's Apartment" (1994), and "The Preacher's Wife" (1996). Smith had a restaurant in the West Village neighborhood of New York City called Toukie's.


title: Toukie Smith

text: From 1985 to 1996, Smith's long–term partner was actor Robert De Niro, with whom she had twin sons (Aaron Kendrick De Niro and Julian Henry De Niro, born 1995) conceived by in vitro fertilization and delivered by a surrogate mother. Smith said that the name "Toukie" comes from her grandmother, who used to play her a song about a fire engine that had a lot of energy. She now resides in NYC in Battery Park City.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Nasrat Haqparast (born August 22, 1995) is a German mixed martial artist (MMA) who currently competes in the Lightweight division in the UFC.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast was born in Germany to Afghan parents from Kandahar who came as refugees from Afghanistan. He attended kickboxing classes as his parents believed he was overweight at fourteen years old. Subsequently, Haqparast joined an MMA class and decided to be an MMA fighter after witnessing a sparring session in the room next to the kickboxing class.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast started his professional MMA career in 2012 and amassed a record of 8-1 before being signed by UFC.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast made his UFC debut on October 21, 2017 against Marcin Held, replacing injured Teemu Packalén at . He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast was scheduled to face Alex Reyes on March 17, 2018 at . However, on March 8, it was reported that Alex Reyes pulled out of the fight due to injury and he was replaced by Nad Narimani. The bout was scrapped on the day of the event as Haqparast was deemed unfit to fight by the medical team due to an infectious eye condition.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: His next fight came on July 22, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 134 against Marc Diakiese. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced Thibault Gouti on October 27, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 138. He won the fight via unanimous decision. This fight earned him the Fight of the Night award.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast was expected to face John Makdessi on March 23, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 148. However, on March 13, 2019, it was reported that Haqparast was pulled from the bout due to injury.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced on August 3, 2019 Joaquim Silva on UFC on ESPN 5. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. The win earned him the Performance of the Night bonus award.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced Drew Dober on January 18, 2020 at UFC 246. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced Alexander Muñoz on August 8, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 174. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast was scheduled to face Arman Tsarukyan on January 24, 2021 at UFC 257. However, on the day of the weigh-ins, Haqparast pulled out of the fight citing illness.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast was scheduled to face Don Madge, replacing injured Guram Kutateladze, on March 13, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 187. However, Madge withdrew from the bout due to visa issues and was replaced by UFC newcomer Rafa García. Haqparast won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced Dan Hooker on September 25, 2021 at UFC 266. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced Bobby Green on February 12, 2022 at UFC 271. He lost the bout via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: Haqparast faced John Makdessi on September 3, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 209. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nasrat Haqparast

text: When Haqparast made his UFC debut he was dubbed by several media members as a "mini" version of middleweight fighter Kelvin Gastelum due to their close physical resemblance. This has resulted in many media outlets comparing their fighting styles often.


title: RAR (file format)

text: RAR is a proprietary archive file format that supports data compression, error correction and file spanning. It was developed in 1993 by Russian software engineer Eugene Roshal and the software is licensed by "win.rar GmbH". The name "RAR" stands for "Roshal Archive".


title: RAR (file format)

text: The filename extensions used by RAR are codice_1 for the data volume set and codice_2 for the recovery volume set. Previous versions of RAR split large archives into several smaller files, creating a "multi-volume archive". Numbers were used in the file extensions of the smaller files to keep them in the proper sequence. The first file used the extension codice_1, then codice_4 for the second, and then codice_5, codice_6, etc.


title: RAR (file format)

text: RAR compression applications and libraries (including GUI based WinRAR application for Windows, console rar utility for different OSes and others) are proprietary software, to which Alexander L. Roshal, the elder brother of Eugene Roshal, owns the copyright. Version 3 of RAR is based on Lempel-Ziv (LZSS) and prediction by partial matching (PPM) compression, specifically the PPMd implementation of PPMII by Dmitry Shkarin.


title: RAR (file format)

text: The minimum size of a RAR file is 20 bytes. The maximum size of a RAR file is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (2−1) bytes, which is about 9,000 PB.


title: RAR (file format)

text: Software is available for Microsoft Windows (named WinRAR), Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, and Android; archive extraction is supported natively in ChromeOS. WinRAR supports the Windows graphical user interface (GUI); other versions named RAR run as console commands. Later versions are not compatible with some older operating systems previously supported:


title: RAR (file format)

text: RAR files can be created only with commercial software WinRAR (Windows), RAR for Android, command-line RAR (Windows, MS-DOS, macOS, Linux, and FreeBSD), and other software that has written permission from Alexander Roshal or uses copyrighted code under license from Roshal. The software license agreements forbid reverse engineering.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Mia Hansen-Løve (born 5 February 1981) is a French film director, screenwriter, and former actress. She has won several accolades for her work. Her first feature film, "All Is Forgiven", won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best First Film in 2007 along with Céline Sciamma's "Water Lilies". Hansen-Løve's film "Father of My Children" won the Special Jury Prize in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. In 2014, Hansen-Løve was awarded the status of Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. In 2016, she won the Silver Bear for Best Director for her film "Things to Come" at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival, as well as becoming a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve was born on 5 February 1981 in Paris. Her parents, Laurence and Ole Hansen-Løve, are both philosophy professors who separated when Hansen-Løve was in her 20s. At university, Hansen-Løve studied German and minored in philosophy.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: As a teenager, Hansen-Løve enjoyed acting and appeared in "Late August, Early September" and "Sentimental Destinies", both directed by Olivier Assayas. In 2001, she began studying at the Conservatory of Dramatic Arts in Paris, but left in 2003 and began writing reviews for French film magazine "Cahiers du cinéma" until 2005, a job that fueled her desire to make films. "What I wanted [as a Cahiers critic] was to build little-by-little a cinematic train of thought," she has said. Hansen-Løve says she is not nostalgic about her time at "Cahiers du cinéma", however useful it was, and that she experienced misogyny there. Meanwhile, she directed several shorts, including "Contre-coup" (2005), starring Louis Garrel and Lolita Chammah.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: In 2016, Hansen-Løve said, "When I was in my 20s, I was completely lost in life. Realizing I wanted to make films gave me strength. Because filmmaking is a perpetual questioning of existence: What is beauty? Why am I living? And I need that, I think, perhaps because of being the daughter of two philosophy teachers.”


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve's debut film, "All Is Forgiven", was nominated for a César Award for Best First Feature Film in 2008 by the French Film Academy.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Her second film, "Father of My Children", premiered at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section and won the Special Jury Prize. The film was inspired by the suicide of Humbert Balsan, a French actor and film producer who served as an early mentor for Hansen-Løve.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Her third feature was the semi-autobiographical "Goodbye First Love". Hansen-Løve cast Lola Créton after seeing her in "Bluebeard". Her then-partner, Olivier Assayas, who was with her at the time of the viewing, subsequently cast Créton in one of his films. The film premiered at the 2011 Locarno International Film Festival, where it received a special mention from the Jury.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: In August 2012, TIFF Cinemathique presented a retrospective of Hansen-Løve's work titled "Fathers and Daughters: The Films of Mia Hansen-Løve."


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: In November 2013, Hansen-Løve began filming "Eden", an autobiographical drama about a young man who discovers the burgeoning French house music scene during the early 90s. The film was inspired and co-written by her brother Sven, who had been part of the 90s club scene as a DJ. Hansen-Løve went through multiple producers while trying to make the film, as obtaining the rights to the music she wanted to use was time-consuming and expensive. The film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: During promotion for "Eden", Hansen-Løve announced that her next film, "Things to Come" ("L'Avenir"), would star Isabelle Huppert as a philosophy teacher whose seemingly perfect life begins to fall apart when her husband leaves her and her children move away from home. Hansen-Løve cited Eric Rohmer's "The Green Ray" as the "one film [she] couldn't help thinking of when writing "Things to Come"" because of the similarities between the film's themes and their central female characters. The film was completed in 2016 and premiered in competition at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival, where Hansen-Løve won the Silver Bear for Best Director.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: In September 2018, Hansen-Løve premiered "Maya" at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival as a part of the Special Presentations section.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: In May 2017, it was announced that Hansen-Løve would be making her English-language debut with "Bergman Island". Set on the Swedish island of Fårö, the film illustrates a filmmaking couple who retreat to the island that inspired director Ingmar Bergman, residing there for the summer to each write screenplays for their upcoming films. The film was set to star Greta Gerwig, Mia Wasikowska, Anders Danielsen Lie and John Turturro, but in August 2018 it was announced that Vicky Krieps would replace Gerwig and Turturro would no longer star in the film. Production began in August 2018 and Tim Roth was later cast in the lead role. "Bergman Island" premiered at Cannes in 2021, having been postponed from the cancelled 2020 edition of the festival.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve is also a screenwriter, having written the screenplays for all of her films. "I write all films by myself", she has said. "I really try to close a door and go inside myself to search for my own truth. It would be a limitation to stick to those cineastes that I look up to. What I admire in them is precisely their sense of independence, how they created their own language and how they plunged into themselves to make their own films."


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve's films mostly revolve around familial and romantic relationships and their effects. "Eden, Father of My Children," and "Things to Come" all draw on important people or events in Hansen-Løve's life, though she has said that while all her films are personal, they are not autobiographical. "Time Out" writer Dave Calhoun describes Hansen-Løve's films as "intimate, realist, free of melodrama. They have a lightness of touch and yet feel wise." Hansen-Løve's brother, Sven, has said that she "prides herself on trueness and realism and authenticity." Eschewing shocking or dramatic events, Hansen-Løve rests her narratives on subtle emotional shifts; climactic moments occur naturally, with no prior indication.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Common themes in Hansen-Løve's films are personal crisis, desire, and existentialism. Her films also tend to touch upon the generational effects of France's political and social history. Hansen-Løve's films have been compared to those of French auteur Eric Rohmer, whose work influenced her.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve has said that "All Is Forgiven, Father of My Children," and "Goodbye First Love" are a loose trilogy about the transformations involved in transitioning to adulthood. “It’s not accidental that the daughters are all 15, 16, or 17 for the majority of each film,” she said. “It’s not only about the relationship between fathers and daughters, it’s about that particular age where you separate from your family and become an adult.”


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve was in a relationship with director Olivier Assayas, who directed her in the films "Late August, Early September" and "Sentimental Destinies", from 2002 to 2017. Though it was widely assumed they were married, Hansen-Løve revealed after they split that they never had been. They have a daughter, Vicky, born in 2009. Hansen-Løve had a second child, a son with filmmaker Laurent Perreau, in 2020.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Hansen-Løve is the younger sister of Sven Hansen-Løve, a successful DJ in the 90s and the inspiration for and co-writer of "Eden".


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

text: Her cousin, Igor Hansen-Løve, is a "L’Express" journalist. He had a small role in her 2009 film "Father of My Children".


title: Deftones (album)

text: Deftones is the fourth studio album by American alternative metal band Deftones, released on May 20, 2003, by Maverick Records. The album features a broader spectrum of musical styles than the band's previous albums, ranging from some of their heaviest compositions to moody trip hop and shoegaze influences. It was the band's last album to be produced by Terry Date until "Ohms" in 2020, although he did produce their unreleased album "Eros".


title: Deftones (album)

text: Originally titled "Lovers", the album was instead given an eponymous title because singer Chino Moreno considered "Lovers" too obvious in relation to the context of its material (the former title song "Lovers" did appear as an A-side and B-side on the UK "Hexagram" single). Date was frustrated by the very slow pace of the band working in the studio.


title: Deftones (album)

text: "Deftones" is an eclectic album, with songs spanning many different ideas in diverse genres. It has a much different feel than prior efforts, due in part to Frank Delgado leaving his turntables behind and instead focusing on playing keyboards and synthesizers. Most of the album's songs make extensive use of the band's low G# tuning and Moreno's high screams, resulting in some of the heaviest songs in the band's catalog. On the other hand, the track "Lucky You" is a dark, soft, trip hop-influenced piece featuring DJ Crook from Moreno's side project Team Sleep and vocalist Rey Osburn of Tinfed. A grand piano and toy piano were featured in the mournful "Anniversary of an Uninteresting Event."


title: Deftones (album)

text: In addition to trip hop influences, significant shoegaze elements have been noted on the album, especially in regards to the song "Minerva".


title: Deftones (album)

text: "Deftones" produced two singles, "Minerva" and "Hexagram." Music videos were shot for both singles as well as the track "Bloody Cape", which was also intended to be a single, but was released in limited editions for promotional purposes only. The latter's video was only available on the band's official website for one day, but was later released on the DVD portion of the band's "B-Sides & Rarities". As the lead single, "Minerva" featured a melodic, commercially viable sound and gained strong rotation on mainstream rock video programming. In contrast, the extreme heaviness of "Hexagram" landed it on shows such as "Uranium" and "Headbangers Ball".


title: Deftones (album)

text: "Battle-Axe" was featured in the video game "Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2", while "Minerva" was featured in "", NHL 2004, "House of Wax", and also as downloadable content for the "Rock Band" series.


title: Deftones (album)

text: "Q" praised the album, giving it 4.5 out of 5 stars, stating, "In a genre considered creatively bankrupt, this is genuinely new metal". "Rolling Stone" stated, "This is metal that crushes, then soothes; collapses, then soars... Deftones just blow open the possibilities". Reviewers from sites such The A.V. Club and AllMusic gave the album positive scores but criticized the band for returning to their heavy style, instead of the more soft and artistic style of its predecessor, "White Pony".


title: Deftones (album)

text: "Spin magazine" also give it a positive score, but complained about the album's notable darkness, saying, "On their fourth album, Deftones are sad as hell, and they're not gonna take it anymore; this is less an 11-song album than a single long-form mope". Playlouder's mixed review praised the band's musicianship, but criticized Moreno's high, screamed vocals.


title: Deftones (album)

text: In 2016, Jonathan Dick of NPR Music retrospectively noted the album's "trip-hop nuances" and included the album as an example of Deftones' varied catalogue, stating that "Deftones' catalogue reads like a case study in how a band can translate influences into a sound that's definitively their own." The track "Minerva" was placed at spot number 12 in Consequence of Sound's article "The Top 20 Deftones Song," with Jon Hadusek claiming that "[in] a way, Deftones brought shoegaze to the alternative metal mainstream with 'Minerva', a crushingly heavy, textured jam indebted to "Siamese Dream"-era Smashing Pumpkins and Hum [...]" Hadusek further stated that the track was "far-and-away the best track" of the self-titled album and that the track "hints at the dreamier directions" that Deftones would continue to explore.


title: Deftones (album)

text: This album sold 167,000 copies in its first week of release in America, debuting at No. 2 on the "Billboard" 200, behind Staind's "14 Shades of Grey." It was the highest-charting album to date by the band, and went on to sell over 492,000 copies in the U.S by 2005. It was certified gold by the RIAA two months after its release. The album also debuted at No. 1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 10,700 copies in its first week of release in Canada.


title: Marc Alaimo

text: Marc Alaimo (born Michael Joseph Alaimo; May 5, 1942) is an American actor, known for his villainous roles. He is best known for his role as recurring villain Gul Dukat in the TV series "".


title: Marc Alaimo

text: Alaimo is a classically trained theatre actor, and performed as part of the Marquette University Players and the Milwaukee Repertory Theater in the 1960s in everything from Shakespeare and the classics to world premiere productions. He was also a member of various theatre companies in New York and touring companies across the country before making the move to Los Angeles in 1973. Some of his theatrical roles include Iago in "Othello", Rodolpho in Arthur Miller's "A View From the Bridge" and Lucky in Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot".


title: Marc Alaimo

text: Alaimo has been playing characters in television shows since 1971. He has appeared, mostly as villains, in shows such as "The Doctors", "Kojak", "Gunsmoke", "Baretta", "The Six Million Dollar Man", "The Bionic Woman", "Starsky & Hutch", "Knight Rider", "Quincy", "The Greatest American Hero", "The Incredible Hulk", "Quantum Leap", "Family Guy", "Walker, Texas Ranger", "Wonder Woman", "The Rockford Files", "Hill Street Blues", "Barnaby Jones", and "The A-Team". Alaimo has appeared in some feature films including the 1984 science fiction movie "The Last Starfighter" (portraying the human guise of an alien assassin), the Leslie Nielsen film "", "Tango & Cash", and the 1988 film "The Dead Pool". He also appeared as Curtis Block in the television movie "Case Closed" and as a security officer on Mars in the Arnold Schwarzenegger movie "Total Recall".


title: Marc Alaimo

text: He played several characters in "" ("Star Trek: TNG"), starting in the first season. He has the distinction of two firsts on "Star Trek: TNG", playing the first Romulan, Commander Tebok, in the 1988 episode "", and the first Cardassian (in any "Star Trek" series), Gul Macet, in the 1991 episode, "". He also played a poker player who speaks French to Data in the episode "". In 1993, Alaimo began playing Cardassian character Gul Dukat in "". Gul Dukat was a recurring character that appeared in 33 episodes of that series.


title: Marc Alaimo

text: Alaimo also appeared in a season two episode of "21 Jump Street". He was also featured in the 2006 video game "Call of Juarez", and its 2009 prequel "", both times as the voice of the gunslinging Ray McCall. In 2010 he voiced The Dean in the "Family Guy" episode "The Splendid Source".


title: Marc Alaimo

text: Alaimo was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He has a son from his first marriage, Michael Antony Alaimo (born 1971), who is a writer, story editor and producer known for "The Closer", "Major Crimes", "Invasion," "Traveler," and for penning "Columbo Likes the Nightlife," the final episode of "Columbo". Alaimo also has a daughter from his second marriage. He married Lorie Bollinger on August 20, 2010.


title: Marc Alaimo

text: During a Q&A panel at the Star Trek Las Vegas Convention in 2015, Alaimo revealed he is still willing to work as an actor but was out of touch with the industry and had no agency representing him at that time. Fans and co-star Andrew Robinson who was on the panel with him and was at the time planning a return to acting himself expressed support for the actor and encouraged him to continue acting.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: Harvey Mudd College (HMC) is a private college in Claremont, California, focused on science and engineering. It is part of the Claremont Colleges, which share adjoining campus grounds and resources. The college enrolls 902 undergraduate students , and awards the Bachelor of Science degree. Admission to Harvey Mudd is highly competitive and the college has an intense academic culture.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: The college was funded by the friends and family of Harvey Seeley Mudd, one of the initial investors in the Cyprus Mines Corporation, and named in his honor. Although involved in planning of the new institution, Mudd died before it opened in 1955. The campus was designed by Edward Durell Stone in a modernist style.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: Harvey Mudd was founded in 1955. Classes began in 1957, with a founding class of 48 students and one building–Mildred E. Mudd Hall, a dormitory. Classes and meals took place at CMC, and labs in the Baxter Science Building until additional buildings could be built: Jacobs Science Building (1959), Thomas-Garett Hall (1961) and Platt Campus Center (1963). By 1966, the campus had grown to 283 students and 43 faculty.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: Under the presidency of Maria Klawe, begun in 2006, Harvey Mudd became a leading advocate for women in STEM in higher education.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: In April 2017, all classes were canceled for two days in response to tensions on campus over workload, race issues, and mistrust of faculty. Contributing events included the deaths of two Mudd students and a Scripps student that year and the leak of a report on teaching, learning, and workload at Mudd.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: The original buildings of campus, designed by Edward Durell Stone and completed in 1959, features "knobbly concrete squares that students of Harvey Mudd affectionately call 'warts' and use as hooks for skateboards." The school's unofficial mascot "Wally Wart" is an anthropomorphic concrete wart.


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: In 2013, "Travel and Leisure" named the college as one of "America's ugliest college campuses" and noted that while Stone regarded his design as a "Modernist masterpiece" the result was "layering drab, slab-sided buildings with Beaux-Arts decoration."


title: Harvey Mudd College

text: Until the addition of the Linde and Sontag dorms, Atwood and Case dorms were occasionally referred to as New Dorm and New Dorm II; Mildred E. Mudd Hall and Marks Hall are almost invariably referred to as East dorm and South dorm.