title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Macmillan's senior editor, Bob Markel, said, "We gave [Dylan] an advance for an untitled book of writings … The publisher was taking a risk on a young, untested potential phenomenon." When Markel met with Dylan for the first time, "there was no book at the time … The material at that point was hazy, sketchy. The poetry editor called it 'inaccessible.' The symbolism was not easily understood, but on the other hand it was earthy, filled with obscure but marvelous imagery … I felt it had a lot of value and was very different from Dylan's output till then. [But] it was not a book."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: It would be years before Dylan finished his book, but the free form poetry experiments that came from it eventually influenced his songwriting. The most notable example came in a six-line coda to a poem responding to President John F. Kennedy's assassination (which took place on November 22, 1963):


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: the colors of Friday were dull / as cathedral bells were gently burnin / strikin for the gentle / strikin for the kind / strikin for the crippled ones / an strikin for the blind


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: This refrain would soon appear in a very important composition, "Chimes of Freedom", and, as biographer Clinton Heylin writes, "with this sad refrain, Dylan would pass from topical troubadour to poet of the road."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: In February 1964, Dylan embarked on a 20-day trip across the United States. Riding in a station wagon with a few friends (Paul Clayton, Victor Maymudes, and Pete Karman), Dylan began the trip in New York, taking numerous detours through many states before ending the trip in California. (At one point, Dylan reportedly paid a visit to poet Carl Sandburg.) "We talked to people in bars, miners," Dylan would later say. "Talking to people – that's where it's at, man."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: According to Heylin, "the primary motivation for this trip was to find enough inspiration to step beyond the folk-song form, if not in the bars, or from the miners, then by peering deep into himself." Dylan spent much time in the back of the station wagon, working on songs and possibly poetry on a typewriter. It was during this trip that Dylan composed "Chimes of Freedom", finishing it in time to premiere at a Denver concert on the 15th. "Mr. Tambourine Man" was also composed during this trip.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: It was also during this trip that the Beatles arrived in America. Their first visit to the United States remains a touchstone in American culture. Maymudes recalled how Dylan "nearly jumped out the car" when "I Wanna Hold Your Hand" came on the radio and his comments: ""Did you hear that?..that was fuckin' great! Oh man.."" and how Dylan seemed lost in thought replaying the record over in his head. Dylan, however, had already been following the Beatles since 1963. There have been different accounts regarding Dylan's attitude towards the Beatles at this time, but it's known that Suze Rotolo and Al Aronowitz immediately took to them and championed their music to Dylan. Aronowitz later claimed that Dylan dismissed them as "bubblegum", but in an interview in 1971, Dylan recalls being impressed by their music. "We were driving through Colorado, we had the radio on, and eight of the Top 10 songs were Beatles songs … 'I Wanna Hold Your Hand,' all those early ones. They were doing things nobody was doing. Their chords were outrageous, just outrageous, and their harmonies made it all valid … I knew they were pointing the direction of where music had to go."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: In January, while the Beatles were in France, George Harrison bought the French release of "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan", titled "En Roue Libre", which they played repeatedly, impressed by the lyrics and "just the attitude!". As the Beatles began to influence Dylan and vice versa, Dylan's personal life was undergoing a number of significant changes. When Dylan returned to New York in March, he rented an electric guitar. He continued his romance with folksinger Joan Baez, though their stage appearances together began to dwindle. Dylan's girlfriend Suze Rotolo apparently had had enough of the affair. Soon after Dylan returned to New York, the two had an argument. At the time, Suze was staying with her sister Carla, and when Carla intervened, Dylan began screaming at Carla. Carla ordered Dylan to leave, but he refused to go. Carla Rotolo pushed Dylan, and he pushed her back. The two of them were soon practically fighting. Friends were called and Dylan had to be forcibly removed, effectively ending his relationship with Suze Rotolo. In a 1966 interview, Dylan admitted that after their relationship ended, "I got very, very strung out for a while. I mean, really, very strung out."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: One account of Dylan's first experience with psychedelics places it in April 1964; producer Paul Rothchild told Bob Spitz that he was present when Dylan took his first hit of LSD. By February 1964, Dylan was already telling his friends that "Rimbaud's where it's at. That's the kind of stuff means something. That's the kind of writing I'm gonna do." A nineteenth-century French poet, Rimbaud once wrote to his mentor Georges Izambard that "the poet makes himself a seer by a long, prodigious and rational disordering of the senses … He reaches [for] the unknown and even if, crazed, he ends up by losing the understanding of his visions, at least he has seen them." (Dated May 1871) Dylan's early experimentation with hallucinogens has often been connected with the dramatic development his songwriting would soon take, but Dylan himself has denied any connection.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Dylan later left for Europe, completing a few performances in England before traveling to Paris where he was introduced to a German model, Christa Paffgen, who went by the name of Nico. After treating Dylan to a meal at her flat, Nico accompanied Dylan across Europe, a trip that passed through Germany before ending in Vouliagmeni, a small village outside of Athens, Greece. Dylan stayed at Vouliagmeni for more than a week, finishing many of the songs that would appear on his fourth and upcoming album. Nine songs of these would be recorded upon his return to New York: "All I Really Want to Do", "Spanish Harlem Incident", "To Ramona", "I Shall Be Free No. 10", "Ballad in Plain D", "It Ain't Me, Babe", "Mama, You Been on My Mind", "Denise Denise", and "Black Crow Blues". Dylan also completed another song called "I'll Keep It With Mine", which, according to Nico, was "about me and my little baby". Dylan gave the song to Nico, who would eventually record it for her own album, "Chelsea Girl", released in 1967.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: With Dylan's commercial profile on the rise, Columbia was now urging Dylan to release a steady stream of recordings. Upon Dylan's return to New York, studio time was quickly scheduled, with Tom Wilson back as producer.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: The first (and only) recording session was held June 9 at Columbia's Studio A, located at 799 Seventh Avenue in New York City. According to Heylin, "while polishing off a couple of bottles of Beaujolais," Dylan recorded 14 original compositions, in a single three-hour session between 7pm and 10pm that night, 11 of which were chosen for the final album. The three that were ultimately rejected were "Denise Denise," "Mr. Tambourine Man," and "Mama, You Been on My Mind."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Nat Hentoff's article on Dylan for "The New Yorker", published in late October 1964, includes remarkable descriptions of the June 9 session. Hentoff describes in considerable detail the atmosphere in the CBS recording studio and Dylan's own asides and banter with his friends in the studio, with the session's producers, and Hentoff himself.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Ramblin' Jack Elliott was present during part of this session, and Dylan asked him to perform on "Mr. Tambourine Man." "He invited me to sing on it with him," recalls Elliott, "but I didn't know the words 'cept for the chorus, so I just harmonized with him on the chorus." Only one complete take was recorded, with Dylan stumbling on some of the lyrics. Though the recording was ultimately rejected, Dylan would return to the song for his next album.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: By the time Dylan recorded what was ultimately the master take of "My Back Pages," it was 1:30 in the morning. Master takes were selected, and after some minor editing, a final album was soon sequenced.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: As Dylan told Nat Hentoff in "The New Yorker", "there aren't any finger-pointin' songs" on "Another Side of Bob Dylan", which was a significant step in a new direction. Music critic Tim Riley writes, "As a set, the songs constitute a decisive act of noncommitment to issue-bound protest, to tradition-bound folk music and the possessive bonds of its audience [...] The love songs open up into indeterminate statements about the emotional orbits lovers take, and the topical themes pass over artificial moral boundaries and leap into wide-ranging social observation."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: "The compassion that laces all the complaints in 'All I Really Want to Do' and 'It Ain't Me, Babe' is round with idealism and humor," writes Riley. "That [both songs] work off a pure Jimmie Rodgers yodel only makes their ties to wide-open American optimism that much more enticing (even though they are both essentially reluctant good-byes)."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: "'Spanish Harlem Incident' is a new romance that pretends to be short and sweet," writes Riley, "but it's an example of how Dylan begins using uncommon word couplings to evoke the mysteries of intimacy … her 'rattling drums' play off his 'restless palms'; her 'pearly eyes' and 'flashing diamond teeth' off his 'pale face.'"


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: "Chimes of Freedom" can be traced to "Lay Down Your Weary Tune", an outtake from "The Times They Are A-Changin'". "Its sense of the power of nature...closely mirrors 'Lay Down Your Weary Tune,'" writes Clinton Heylin. "Unashamedly apocalyptic … the composition of 'Chimes of Freedom' represented a leap in form that permitted even more intensely poetic songs to burst forth."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Along with the later track "Motorpsycho Nitemare", the lyrics on "I Shall Be Free No. 10" has been referred to as "surrealistic talking blues".


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Described by Heylin as "the most realized song on "Another Side"", "To Ramona" is one of the most celebrated songs on the album. A soft, tender waltz, Riley writes that the song "extends the romance from ideals of emotional honesty out into issues of conditioned conformity ('From fixtures and forces and friends / That you gotta be just like them') … in 'Spanish Harlem Incident,' [Dylan's] using flattery as a front for the singer's own weak self-image; in 'To Ramona,' he's trying to save his lover from herself if only because he knows he may soon need the same comfort he's giving her."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: "Motorpsycho Nitemare", based in part on Alfred Hitchcock's movie "Psycho", satirizes both the rise of the American '60s counter-culture as well as the mainstream's paranoid reactions to it.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Riley describes "My Back Pages" as "a thorough X-ray of Dylan's former social proselytizing … Dylan renounces his former over-serious messianic perch, and disowns false insights." ("I was so much older then / I'm younger than that now.")


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Described by Riley as "the unalloyed sting of a romantic perfidy", "I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met)" would be dramatically rearranged for a full-electric rock band during Dylan's famous 1966 tour with The Hawks.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: According to Heylin, "Ballad in Plain D" takes its melody and refrain ("my friends say unto me …") from the Scottish folk song, "I Once Loved A Lass (The False Bride)". "The song graphically details the night of his breakup with Suze," writes Heylin. "Dylan's portrayal of Carla as the 'parasite sister' remains a cruel and inaccurate portrait of a woman who had started out as one of [Dylan's] biggest fans, and changed only as she came to see the degrees of emotional blackmail he subjected her younger sister to." Asked in 1985 if there were any songs he regretted writing, Dylan singled out "Ballad in Plain D", saying "I look back at that particular one and say … maybe I could have left that alone."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: "It Ain't Me, Babe" also reworks the same "Scarborough Fair" arrangement that was written into Dylan's earlier compositions, "Girl from the North Country" and "Boots of Spanish Leather". Johnny Cash would record his own hit version of this song soon after "Another Side of Bob Dylan" was released, while The Turtles' version would chart even higher.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Four songs from "Another Side of Bob Dylan" were eventually recorded by The Byrds: "Chimes of Freedom", "My Back Pages", "Spanish Harlem Incident", and "All I Really Want to Do". In addition, they were introduced to their breakthrough hit single "Mr. Tambourine Man" through a copy of Dylan's unreleased recording from the June 9, 1964, album session. All received their share of critical acclaim.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: As "Another Side of Bob Dylan" was prepared for release, Dylan premiered his new songs at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1964. The festival also marked Dylan's first meeting with Johnny Cash; Dylan was already an admirer of Cash's music, and vice versa. The two spent a night jamming together in Joan Baez's room at the Viking Motor Inn. According to Cash, "we were so happy to [finally] meet each other that we were jumping on the beds like kids." The next day, Cash performed Dylan's "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" as part of his set, telling the audience that "we've been doing it on our shows all over the country, trying to tell the folks about Bob, that we think he's the best songwriter of the age since Pete Seeger...Sure do."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Though the audience at Newport seemed to enjoy Dylan's new material, the folk press did not. Irwin Silber of "Sing Out" and David Horowitz criticized Dylan's direction and accused Dylan of succumbing to the pressures/temptations of fame. In an open letter to Dylan published in the November issue of "Sing Out", Silber wrote "your new songs seem to be all inner-directed now, inner-probing, self-conscious" and, based on what he saw at Newport, "that some of the paraphernalia of fame [was] getting in your way." Horowitz called the songs an "unqualified failure of taste and self-critical awareness."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: The album was a step back commercially, failing to make the Top 40, indicating that record consumers may have had a problem as well.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Dylan soon defended his work, writing that "the songs are insanely honest, not meanin t twist any heads an written only for the reason that i myself me alone wanted and needed t write them." (sic)


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Dylan conceded in 1978 that the album title was not to his liking. "I thought it was just too corny," he said, "I just felt trouble coming when they titled it that." However, it's worth noting that the original manuscripts to the album make two references to the eventual album title: an early draft of "I Shall Be Free No. 10" has the line "You're on another side" while the only line occupying one final page says "there is no other side of bob dylan."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Years later, mixed reactions over "Another Side of Bob Dylan" remained but not for the same reasons. Critics later viewed it as a 'transitional' album. Clinton Heylin claimed that "Dylan was simply too close to the experiences he was drawing upon to translate them into art. He was also still experimenting with the imagery found on 'Chimes of Freedom' and 'Mr. Tambourine Man.' 'My Back Pages,' the least successful example of the new style, was replete with bizarre compound images ('corpse evangelists,' 'confusion boats,' etc.)." "Salon.com" critic Bill Wyman dismissed it as "a lesser, 'relationship' album", but conceded that "Chimes of Freedom" was a "lovely hymn to the 'countless confused, accused, misused, strung-out ones an' worse'."


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: However, Tim Riley called it "a bridge between folkie rhetoric (albeit superior) and his troika of electric rants...a rock album without electric guitars, a folk archetype that punches through the hardy, plainspoken mold. Built on repeated riffs and coaxed by the controlled anxiety of Dylan's voice, the songs work off one another with intellectually charged élan. It's a transition album with a mind of its own." It was voted number 133 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000).


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: A complete take of "Mama, You Been On My Mind" was recorded for the album, but for reasons unknown, it was rejected. Described by Tim Riley as "the echo of a left-behind affair that rebounds off a couple of self-aware curves ('I am not askin' you to say words like 'yes' or 'no,' / … I'm just breathin' to myself, pretendin' not that I don't know)", the song was soon covered by Joan Baez, as well as Judy Collins, who had a considerable amount of commercial success with it. Dylan's version would not see release until "The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991" in 1991. However, Dylan would periodically perform the song in concert, occasionally with Baez as his duet partner. Rod Stewart would later cover the song for his critically acclaimed album, "Never a Dull Moment", and a version by Jeff Buckley appears as an out-take on the 2004 reissue of "Grace". Johnny Cash covered the song on his album "Orange Blossom Special". It was covered by Linda Ronstadt on her 1969 album "Hand Sown ... Home Grown" with altered lyrics as "Baby, You've Been On My Mind".


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Though "Mr. Tambourine Man" would be re-recorded for Dylan's next album, Sony released the complete take recorded for "Another Side of Bob Dylan" on "" in 2005. Unlike the familiar version recorded for "Bringing It All Back Home", this early version has a harmonica intro as well as Ramblin' Jack Elliott singing harmony vocals on the chorus. It was an acetate copy of this version of the song that found its way to the newly formed Byrds in late 1964, leading to their breakthrough electrified recording of the song in advance of its first release by Dylan.


title: Another Side of Bob Dylan

text: Dylan also recorded two additional songs that did not make the album. The first is "Denise Denise", a song which uses the same music as "Black Crow Blues" but with different lyrics. The second is "California", which again uses "Black Crow Blues"' music as the basic structure of the song. A small section of the "California" lyrics were reused in "Outlaw Blues", a song that appeared on Dylan's next album, "Bringing It All Back Home". Both outtakes are circulating.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Tomb Raider: Anniversary is an action-adventure video game co-developed by Crystal Dynamics and Buzz Monkey Software. It was published by Eidos Interactive in 2007 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, PlayStation Portable, Wii and mobile phones. It was later ported to OS X in 2008 and PlayStation 3 in 2011. The eighth overall entry in the "Tomb Raider" series and second in the "Legend" trilogy, "Anniversary" is a remake of the first "Tomb Raider" game, originally released in 1996.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Taking place before the events of 2006's "", "Anniversary" follows series protagonist Lara Croft's quest for the Scion of Atlantis. Gameplay features Lara navigating linear levels, fighting enemies and solving puzzles to progress. The Wii version includes console-exclusive motion control elements, and the mobile port features side-scrolling gameplay emulating earlier mobile "Tomb Raider" titles.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Following the completion of "Legend", Crystal Dynamics began developing "Anniversary". Using the "Legend" engine, the team rebuilt the gameplay and levels, and series cocreator Toby Gard expanded the narrative. Composer Troels Brun Folmann remade and added to the music using an orchestral style. A remake of the original "Tomb Raider" was initially being created by franchise creators Core Design, but the project was cancelled following their sale to Rebellion Developments in 2006.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Upon release, "Anniversary" received generally positive reviews from critics who deemed it a worthy remake of the original game, though some criticism was aimed at the game's graphics and occasional technical issues. The Wii version also divided opinion, with some critics praising the implementation of motion controls but others faulting them. While it reached high positions in sales charts, the game would become the worst selling entry in the franchise, selling just 1.3 million copies worldwide compared to the original game's 7 million. The game was followed by "" (2008), the last in the "Legend" trilogy that takes place directly after the events of "Legend".


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Tomb Raider: Anniversary" is a single-player action-adventure game where the player controls the protagonist, Lara Croft, from a third-person perspective, through fourteen levels set across four locations around the world. Lara can jump, climb and shimmy along ledges and vertical poles or ladders, crawl through small spaces, and swing on ropes and horizontal poles. Other abilities include interacting with objects and switches, using a grappling hook to latch onto special rings for both puzzle solving and environmental traversal, and swim and dive underwater for a limited time. Different button combinations can create more moves such as a roll and swan dive.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Puzzles block progress through the levels until Lara solves them by activating switches or finding and using keys hidden within the area. These involve avoiding traps and timed environmental elements. In some sections, the player must pass quick time events by reacting to control prompts that appear on screen. While exploring, Lara can find large and small Medipacks that can heal damage suffered during gameplay, items which allow progress through a level or the larger game, and hidden artefacts and relics which unlock rewards such as costumes once collected. Once completed, a time trial is unlocked for each level, with further bonus features unlocking once the time trial is completed successfully.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: During combat, Lara automatically locks on to enemies and fires with her equipped gun, with the player able to switch to another target within range and move freely to avoid enemy attacks. Animal enemies can grab and knock Lara down, leaving her vulnerable to damage until she breaks free or rights herself from a fall. Tougher enemies become enraged and charge at Lara after being shot a number of times. When they close in, time slows and Lara can dodge the incoming attack, allowing her time to counterattack. A special attack triggered during this time is a head shot when two targeting reticles overlap; a head shot kills a standard enemy and deals high damage to boss characters. Lara has access to four different weapons in combat; her default twin pistols with infinite ammunition, and three secondary weapons—a shotgun, dual .50 caliber handguns and dual miniature submachine guns—with different attack power and limited ammunition which is picked up during levels. Should Lara die during gameplay, she restarts from the previous checkpoint.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The Wii port carries over the levels and general gameplay of the other versions, while incorporating motion controls. Wii-exclusive first-person puzzles include breaking through walls with a pickaxe, using a flash light in dark areas, assembling mechanisms from pieces found around the environment, manipulating symbol-based locks, and using paper and charcoal to take rubbings of puzzle-related symbols, all utilizing the Wii Remote. Motion controls are also used for some aspects of platforming, and free aiming in combat. In the mobile phone version of "Anniversary", Lara navigates side-scrolling 2D levels, platforming, fighting enemies and activating switches to progress.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: British archaeologist-adventurer Lara Croft is approached by mercenary Larson, who is employed by wealthy businesswoman Jacqueline Natla. Natla hires Lara to find the Scion of Atlantis, an ancient artefact originally sought by Lara's father Richard Croft. It is buried in the tomb of Atlantean ruler Qualopec within the lost city of Vilcabamba. Making her way through Vilcabamba to Qualopec's tomb, Lara discovers that there are three pieces of the Scion, divided between Atlantis' Triumvirate. Escaping the tomb, she is confronted by Larson, sent by Natla to take Lara's piece of the Scion. After beating him in a fight, he reveals that Natla has sent her rival Pierre Dupont to retrieve the next piece. Breaking into Natla's offices, Lara discovers a video showing the next Scion piece's resting place in Greece beneath a building called St Francis' Folly.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Navigating the catacombs beneath St Francis' Folly, Lara finds the tomb of Tihocan, another member of the Triumvirate, that led the survivors of Atlantis after a betrayal caused the city's destruction. Pierre steals the Scion piece, but he is killed by guardian centaurs outside the tomb. After defeating the centaurs and joining both pieces of the Scion, Lara has a vision which reveals that the third and final piece of the Scion was hidden in Egypt after the third member of the Triumvirate—the traitor which sank Atlantis—was captured by Tihocan and Qualopec. Recovering the third Scion piece, Lara assembles the Scion and sees the rest of the vision, revealing Natla to be the betrayer. Emerging from her vision, Lara is ambushed by Natla, who takes the Scion.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Lara escapes Natla's henchmen—with silent help from Larson—and stows away aboard Natla's boat, which arrives at an uncharted volcanic island holding an Atlantean pyramid filled with her monstrous creations. Lara is forced to kill Larson when he will not back down, which greatly disturbs her. Fighting Natla's remaining henchmen and navigating the pyramid−including an encounter with a doppelgänger of her−Lara confronts Natla, who offers her a place in the new Triumvirate and access to the Scion's knowledge to complete Richard's quest for knowledge. Lara instead shoots the Scion and sends Natla plummeting into a pool of lava, triggering a chain reaction that begins destroying the pyramid. After a final confrontation with a severely injured but still powerful Natla, ending after she is crushed by a pillar, Lara escapes the island and sails away in Natla's boat.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Tomb Raider" is the first game in the titular franchise, and introduced the series' gameplay standards and its protagonist Lara Croft. Developed by British studio Core Design and released in 1996, "Tomb Raider" was a commercial and critical success. It was followed by four successive games between 1997 and 2000. Their sixth "Tomb Raider" game "" was beset by developmental problems and rushed to release, resulting in low sales and largely negative critical reception. The game's failure and Core Design's fatigue with the series prompted franchise publisher Eidos Interactive to move development of "Tomb Raider" to the American studio Crystal Dynamics, who rebooted the franchise with "". "Legend" was released in 2006 to critical and commercial success. Following the success of "Legend", Crystal Dynamics were requested by Eidos to develop a remake of the original "Tomb Raider". "Anniversary" was co-developed by Crystal Dynamics and Buzz Monkey Software, the company responsible for "Legend"s PSP port. The game's creative director and lead designer was James Botta, its producer was Lulu LaMer, and its art director was Andrew Wood.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The team were eager to develop "Anniversary" as they could use the development assets of "Legend". They were also shocked by the request due to the original game's status amongst both "Tomb Raider" fans and video game history. Another reason for developing "Anniversary" over a new game was to help celebrate the series' tenth anniversary and create a "compelling gameplay experience" by remaking the first game rather than creating a new title. With two studios working on the game, the development structure was quite complex; a core team of fifteen was based at Crystal Dynamics, Buzz Monkey Software formed a large part of the game's staff, and Crystal Dynamic's executive Creative Services section oversaw development. When designing "Anniversary", the team emphasised creating the game first before making adjustments to keep paper documentation to a minimum in favour of face-to-face conversations. To facilitate a smooth process, the team created a merit-based "democratic" environment where ideas could be put forward by other team members.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Toby Gard, one of the original game's designers and Lara's credited creator, acted as story designer; the script and dialogue were written by Matt Ragghianti. The original game's story was described by Crystal Dynamics staff as "pretty sparse" and difficult to understand without Gard's explanations. One of the aims with "Anniversary" was to flesh out the narrative and tie it into the continuity of "Legend". Gard fleshed out the lore and character motivations in "Anniversary", something impossible with "Tomb Raider" as it needed to tell its story as quickly as possible. The narrative's conclusion, which included Lara's temptation by Natla's offer of the knowledge her father sought, thematically led into Lara's search for her mother in "Legend".


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Keeley Hawes, Lara's voice actress in "Legend", reprised her role for "Anniversary". Lara's personality was modelled upon that shown in "Legend", but with suitable adjustments for who she was as a person during the events of "Anniversary". Lara's initial drive for adventure—defined by Gard as an unstoppable "madness" contained within a proper British woman—was fleshed out to provide purpose for players. The aim was to make her appealing while staying true to her original portrayal. Gard's expansion of the story became focused on how far Lara was willing to go and what moral boundaries she would cross in pursuit of her goals. The interactions of Natla, Larson and Pierre were extensively expanded by Gard, beginning with an infiltration sequence of Natla's Los Angeles offices by Lara prior to the Greece levels, which in "Anniversary" had her watching video messages between the characters. The character of Larson, who was carried over from the first game and merged with another of Natla's original henchman called Cowboy, was made a more ambiguous character who shared a "chemistry" with Lara. The moment where Lara kills Larson was written to show Lara crossing a moral line and killing a person for the first time in pursuit of her goals. Natla's other henchmen were also reimagined to be more realistic, with Lara's confrontation with them being an intense battle following the emotional scene with Larson.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: As described by art director Andrew Wood, one of the team's starting points was taking the most memorable moments from "Tomb Raider" and recreating them in "Anniversary" on a grander and more detailed scale. The art team wanted to show respect for the original game, designing environments to evoke nostalgia while being more complex and on a grander scale. All the original areas were brought back in "Anniversary", but redesigned around modern gaming conventions. Botta said that the team picked out the most interesting parts of each area to preserve, leaving out the "less interesting hallway traversal" of the original. The environmental design saw an upgrade compared to those in "Legend". The animals, primary enemies in the original "Tomb Raider", were carried over into "Anniversary", but redesigned to appear as threatening and dangerous as possible so people would see them as a threat and not feel too uncomfortable about killing them.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: When designing each environment, the art team would first create them with a low colour palette and desaturated lighting to increase their realism. They would then add colourful elements such as foliage, combining that with different types of lighting. Changing levels of light and darkness as Lara explored each location were used to convey a sense of mystery. Peru was given a variety of environments, transitioning from snowy mountains to lush jungle to an underground tomb. The Lost Valley area, which had become a fan favourite since the original release, was redesigned using available technology and hardware to be more open. The gameplay was condensed into a smaller area compared to the original, which spread its puzzles and platforming through adjoining caves. Greece was designed around the theme of a subterranean temple hidden in a mountain. Egypt focused on the motif of bright sunlight, magnifying the use of lighting to promote mystery; its layout and design saw the least overall changes when compared to the original "Tomb Raider". The main difference was in its scale and variety. The Lost Island area was given a unique design with volcanic elements and fantastic architecture unlike any of the other locations to act as the game's thematic finale.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: As part of their research for "Anniversary", the developers played through the original game multiple times, pinpointing its characteristic and iconic elements that needed to be carried over into the remake. A large amount of time was spent deciding what would be included, what elements to keep and what to change so it would appeal to old and new players alike. "Anniversary" was developed using an updated and expanded version of the "Legend" engine, but with expanded gameplay elements and moves for Lara which in turn impacted level design. The design was influenced by the team's previous experience with "Legend". The puzzles were mostly redesigned based on the technology and physics engine of "Legend". Much of the original game's focus on item collection and pulling switches was included, but the developers tried not to rely on this style too much, adding more variety with physics-based puzzles and environmental set pieces. When creating the puzzles, the team needed to take a second look at their design techniques so they could make puzzles and their solutions more visible and intuitive.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: An element they took into consideration was criticism of "Legend"s linear environments, with "Anniversary" being built with a philosophy of branching paths and an emphasis on exploration. This style was possible due to it being a core part of the original game. Lara's original inventory was also carried over from "Tomb Raider", removing some of the tools introduced in "Legend". When the Peru areas were being created, Gard was eager to redesign the village area of Vilcabamba, an area the rest of the team did not know existed. The village was rebuilt to be better portray Vilcabamba's now-extinct civilisation. St Francis' Folly was extensively redesigned to make puzzles larger and more complex, with many elements in "Anniversary" such as the giant statue of Atlas in one of the challenge chambers being parts of the original game that could not be completed. This theme of expansion continued through the rest of the areas. The Egypt levels were themed around traps and puzzles, taking a more prominent place than in other areas. The Lost Island levels were changed in various ways; the "Natla's Mines" area was made more manageable, while later levels within the Atlantean pyramid were made larger and more intricate.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The music for "Anniversary" was written by Troels Brun Folmann, who had previously created the score for "Legend"; a lot of Folmann's work revolved around reworking and expanding the original game's themes. The main theme was similar to that used in the first game, except with more advanced orchestral elements. The goal for "Anniversary"s music was to convey a sense of adventure. While his work on "Legend" involved a large number of electronic and rhythm instruments to blend musical genres, Folmann changed to a purely orchestral score for "Anniversary". Also in contrast to "Legend", which used dynamic music throughout its levels, "Anniversary" used sparse musical cues combined with environmental ambience.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The goal for Folmann was to translate the music into an evolved version for "Anniversary" while remaining faithful to the original. The sound team wished only to use a traditional symphonic style; the use of strings, brass, woodwinds percussion and choirs combined with the "classic" settings used in the game. This purely orchestral approach carried over into the cutscenes. All of the thematic elements from "Tomb Raider", including the choir segments, were present in the new score. Alongside remade themes, Folmann composed original tracks and new musical elements. For the Egypt levels, Folmann used instrumentation incorporating Persian musical styles, which he described as "typical" for representing Egyptian music. Folmann worked on the score for five months.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The existence of "Anniversary" was hinted at by Eidos staff member Ian Livingstone during an interview shortly after the release of "Legend" in May 2006. The game was announced under the provisional title "Tomb Raider 10th Anniversary Edition" in June of that year, along with its planned platforms of PlayStation 2 (PS2), PlayStation Portable (PSP) and Windows personal computers (PC). Its official title was revealed in November.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Crystal Dynamics co-developed the PS2 version with Buzz Monkey Software. During development, Crystal Dynamics wanted to push the PS2 version to its technical limits with the scale and quality of environments, which caused problems for the PSP conversion as this was at odds with designs that would run smoothly in the console. While the conversion was successful, LaMar described the process as "primarily a brute-force approach". The PC version was developed by Nixxes Software. "Anniversary" was originally planned only for PC and PlayStation platforms as they had a long association with "Tomb Raider". Due to fan demand, the team created an Xbox 360 port. To reach release as soon as possible, the 360 version was originally planned as a series of downloadable segments through the Xbox Live Arcade, with a later full retail release. To download, players needed a copy of "Legend" for the 360, which was explained by Eidos as a means of bringing the game to players as quickly as possible. This plan was later changed so the Xbox Live version would be released the month after the retail version.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Anniversary" was the first "Tomb Raider" title for the Wii, developed to expand Eidos's game catalogue into new Nintendo consoles. Due to receiving Wii development kits fairly late from Nintendo, the Wii version could not be released at the same time as other home console versions. The PSP, 360 and Wii ports were all handled by Buzz Monkey Software. A port of the console and PC version was developed for OS X by Feral Interactive and Robosoft Technologies and published by Feral Interactive. The mobile phone version was developed by FinBlade. The game was modelled on an earlier trilogy of original "Tomb Raider" games for mobiles.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The game was released for PS2 and PC on 1 June 2007 in Europe, 5 June in North America, and 7 June in Australia. A limited Europe-exclusive Collector's Edition was released alongside the standard edition; the Collector's Edition included a copy of the game, a DVD featuring a documentary on the series and promotional material for earlier games, and a CD of music from both "Anniversary" and "Legend". The PSP version was released in North America on 9 August, in Europe on 26 October, and in Australia on 2 November. The Xbox 360 port was released on 23 October in North America, 26 October in Europe, and 2 November in Australia. "Anniversary" was the first full video game title made available for download on Xbox Live Arcade. The Wii version was released on 13 November 2007 in North America, 7 December in Europe and 7 February 2008 in Australia. Spike published the PS2, PSP, Wii and Xbox 360 versions in Japan on 27 March 2008. The first print versions came with a "10th Anniversary Edition" DVD including promotional material, a documentary, and soundtrack selection. The mobile version was published by Eidos Interactive in December 2007. The OS X port was released on 15 February 2008.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Anniversary" was later ported to PlayStation 3 (PS3) by Buzz Monkey Software and released as part of the "Tomb Raider Trilogy" collection alongside its sequel "" and a PS3 port of "Legend". The collection included PS3 avatars and documentary shorts on all three games. "Tomb Raider Trilogy" was published worldwide during March 2011.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: A remake of "Tomb Raider" to commemorate the game's tenth anniversary was proposed by Core Design, who at the time were working on "Free Running". Several Core Design staff wanted to remake "Tomb Raider" for the PSP and PS2. They received permission from Eidos to create the remake under the title "Tomb Raider: 10th Anniversary", and began development in late 2005 for a release during the 2006 holiday season. The remake would have retained the original story and gameplay flow, with adjustments for new players and some rearrangements to puzzles. According to staff, the game was at an advanced development stage. During production, Eidos asked Core Design to adjust Lara's model to more closely match that used in "Legend". The team intended Jonell Elliott, who voiced Lara from "" to "The Angel of Darkness", to reprise her role for the remake.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: In 2006, following the sale of Core Design to Rebellion Developments, the remake was cancelled. While Eidos gave no explanation for the cancellation, it was assumed by some Core Design staff that they did not want the "Tomb Raider" franchise to be developed by a third-party studio. According to series veteran Gavin Rummery, Eidos cancelled the project after seeing a demo of the opening for "Legend" on PSP and deciding Crystal Dynamics could successfully deliver the games on more platforms than Core Design could at the time. Prior to and following the cancellation, footage from an internal presentation was leaked online. "10th Anniversary" had reached an alpha state at the time of the cancellation, with much of the core mechanics complete as well as levels in Peru, Greece, and Croft Manor; this build was leaked online in 2021. Core Design had attempted to reskin this version of the game as an "Indiana Jones" or a "National Treasure" title, but this was never released.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Anniversary" received positive reviews following its initial release on PC and PS2, with many calling it a worthy remake of the original game. "1UP.com"s Joe Rybicki called the game a homage in its own right. "Eurogamer"s Kristan Reed said that "Anniversary" merited a higher score than "Legend" due to its less linear structure and lower frequency of tutorials. "GameSpy"s Patrick Joynt praised the recreation and expansion of the original game's locations and gameplay, but faulted the camera control and some "unforgiving" puzzles. Ryan Davis of "GameSpot" greatly enjoyed "Anniversary", calling it a further step in fixing the franchise following the success of "Legend", though he faulted its unwillingness to experiment with the formula. Greg Miller, writing for "IGN", praised the updated environments and controls, and despite problems with the graphics, found that it managed to capture the original game's spirit. Reviewers generally recommended the PC version over the PS2 due to lower quality graphics.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The 360 version saw praise for its gameplay and environments, comments shared with other versions, but the graphics were generally faulted. Common complaints were frame rate drops, low-quality textures, and a lack of the console-specific upgrades seen in "Legend". The PSP port was lauded as a high-quality port of the PS2 version, although difficult camera control and technical issues such as frame rate drops and long load times were points of criticism.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: The Wii port's redesigned controls—and the incorporation of motion controls into gameplay—divided opinion; some praised them or at least enjoyed their implementation, while others found several elements clumsy or unnecessary. The port's graphics also received praise, being cited as visually equal or superior to the PS2 version despite noticeable drops in frame rate. Unintuitive camera control was a frequent criticism. "IGN"s Matt Casamassina called the port a competently executed enhanced port of PS2 that happens to be good fun at its best and frustrating at its worst. Tom East of "Official Nintendo Magazine" was very positive in his review, praising the game's implementation of Wii control functions in addition to its general gameplay and design.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: "Anniversary" was nominated at the 2007 National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers awards under the "Art Direction in a Game Engine" category. The mobile version won the award for "Best Mobile Game" at the 2007 The Independent Game Developers' Association ceremony.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Upon its release, both the PC and PS2 versions topped their respective charts in the United Kingdom. In North America, the PS2 version was among the top five most rented console games for June 2007. The game remained in the top five best-selling games in Europe during June 2007. Speaking in September of that year, Eidos parent company SCi Entertainment stated all profits for that period were created by the success of "Anniversary" and "". The PS2 and Wii versions received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. As of 2009, the game has sold 1.3 million copies worldwide. This makes "Anniversary" the worst-selling "Tomb Raider" game to date.


title: Tomb Raider: Anniversary

text: Work on "Anniversary" ran parallel with the development of Crystal Dynamics' next generation "Tomb Raider" title "Underworld". "Underworld" was built on a new game engine, evolved the gameplay incorporating a greater moveset and more advanced physics, and concluded the narrative of "Legend" and "Anniversary". The concurrent development of "Anniversary" resulted in staff shortages of "Underworld". The game was released in 2008 for PS3, 360, PC, PS2, Wii, Nintendo DS and mobile.


title: Black Isle Studios

text: Black Isle Studios is a division of the developer and publisher Interplay Entertainment that develops role-playing video games. It has published several games from other developers.


title: Black Isle Studios

text: Black Isle is based in Irvine, California. The division was formed in 1996, adopting the name "Black Isle Studios" in 1998. The idea for the division's name came from the Black Isle in Scotland - founder Feargus Urquhart's ancestral country. Black Isle Studios is most famous for working on the first two games in the "Fallout" series as well as the critically acclaimed "". They achieved success with the "Icewind Dale" and "Baldur's Gate" series of role-playing video games, though they only published the "Baldur's Gate" series. In 1999, IGN's RPG Vault gave it the award for a Developer of the Year. The company was closed in late 2003 due to Interplay's financial troubles.


title: Black Isle Studios

text: Interplay briefly revived the Black Isle name in August 2012 with the intention of producing new role-playing games under that label. Black Isle Studios released "" remastered in May 2021.


title: Black Isle Studios

text: Created in 1996 by Feargus Urquhart, the studio was named Black Isle after Urquhart's homeland. The studio, although credited for the creation of "Fallout" was, in fact, not responsible for the game. Rather a key portion of the original studio came from the team that made "Fallout". When developing "Fallout 2", the studio's first official game, several employees left Interplay to form Troika Games after they "were unable to come to an agreement with Interplay as to how [their] next team should be structured." The remaining team would go on to release such critically acclaimed games as "Fallout 2", "", and "Icewind Dale". The studio also released critically acclaimed "Baldur's Gate" and "" developed by BioWare.


title: Black Isle Studios

text: In the years leading to the closure of Black Isle, Interplay's financial difficulties would worsen, leading for the team to cancel anticipated games as "Black Isle's Torn" and "Stonekeep 2: Godmaker", releasing only "Icewind Dale II", publishing "" and developing "". On December 8, 2003, in the midst of serious financial difficulties, Interplay laid off the entire Black Isle Studios staff, which also resulted in the cancellation of "", "" and the original "Fallout 3".


title: Black Isle Studios

text: In 2012, Interplay had been trying for several years to get the troubled Project V13 off the ground. Originally conceived as an massively multiplayer online game set in the world of "Fallout", the project suffered a significant setback when Interplay lost all rights to use the Fallout brand. As part of their efforts to restart the project anew, Interplay revived Black Isle Studios with two of its original team members and began a crowdfunding campaign to fund a prototype in 2012. The campaign did not raise sufficient funds to develop a playable prototype, and communications from Interplay and Black Isle about the project had ceased completely by early 2014.


title: Winter sports

text: Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non-competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice. Most are variations of skiing, ice skating and sledding. Traditionally, such games were only played in cold areas during winter, but artificial snow and artificial ice allow more flexibility. Playing areas and fields consist of either snow or ice.


title: Winter sports

text: Artificial ice can be used to provide ice rinks for ice skating, ice hockey, para ice hockey, ringette, broomball, bandy, rink bandy, rinkball, and spongee in a milder climate. The sport of speed skating uses a frozen circular track of ice, but in some facilities the track is combined in an enclosed area used for sports requiring an ice rink or the rink itself is used. Alternatively, ice cross downhill uses a track with various levels of elevation and a combination of bends. Long distance skating ( "marathon skating") such as tour skating is only performed outdoors and uses the available natural ice from frozen lakes, ponds, and marshes. Tour skating at times includes speed skaters, though tour skates are more common.


title: Winter sports

text: Common individual sports include cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, snowboarding, ski jumping, speed skating, figure skating, luge, skeleton, bobsleigh, ski orienteering and snowmobiling.


title: Winter sports

text: Common team sports include ice hockey, ringette, broomball (on either an indoor ice rink, or an outdoor ice rink or field of snow), curling, rinkball, and bandy. Based on the number of participants, ice hockey is the world's most popular winter team sport, followed by bandy.


title: Winter sports

text: Winter sports at times have their own multi-sport events, such as the Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Universiade.


title: Winter sports

text: In the early days of the Olympics there was not much differentiation between the summer and winter games. These confusions would span from around the late 1890s until the early to mid 1900s. During this time, some sports considered to be winter sports and played or performed during the Olympic Winter Games today, would be held during the Olympic Summer Games. It was originally wanted to keep all of the Olympic sports together under one event and program, but due to environmental demands of some sports, it had to be separated.


title: Winter sports

text: Snow and ice during the winter time has enabled sliding as a means of transportation, using sledges, skis and skates. This also led to different pastimes and sports being developed in the winter season as compared to other times of the year. Naturally, winter sports are more popular in countries with longer winter seasons.


title: Winter sports

text: While most winter sports are played outside, ice hockey, speed skating and to some extent bandy have moved indoors starting in the mid-20th century. Indoor ice rinks with artificial ice allow ice skating and hockey to be played in hot climates.


title: Winter sports

text: Outdoor winter sports will likely be severely impacted because of climate change in the next century.


title: Winter sports

text: Note: the Olympic rings next to a sport indicates that this particular sport is included in the Winter Olympic Games, as of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The Paralympic logo indicates the same for a sport not in the Olympics but in the Winter Paralympic Games.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: Alex Greenwood (born 7 September 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays for Manchester City in the FA Women's Super League and the England national team. Mainly a left-back, she can also play as a centre-back and is considered to be a set-piece specialist.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: She has previously played for Olympique Lyonnais in the French Division 1 Féminine as well as English clubs Manchester United, Liverpool, Notts County and Everton where she began her career. Greenwood has played for the England national football team since 2014 and was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2012.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: Liverpool-born Greenwood joined Everton at the age of eight, and progressed through the club's Centre of Excellence. On 5 August 2010, she made her first team debut in a 6–0 2010–11 UEFA Women's Champions League qualification round win against KÍ. Two days later, in the same competition, Greenwood scored a penalty kick in the 80th minute in a 10–0 victory over FK Borec.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: When Everton's longstanding left-back Rachel Unitt signed for Birmingham City after the 2011 FA WSL season, Greenwood took over her place in the team. Throughout the 2012 season she performed so well that she was named FA Young Player of the Year at FA Women's Football Awards in November.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: When the 2014 season culminated in Everton's relegation, Greenwood requested to leave in order to protect her national team place ahead of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. She signed for Notts County on a two-year contract for an undisclosed transfer fee. The move disappointed Everton who wanted Greenwood to leave on loan and come back if they were promoted again.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: In January 2016, she joined Liverpool. At the club, she scored in each of the three seasons in the two-year spell with the club, the first came from the penalty spot against Sunderland. At the end of the 2017–18 season, after 44 appearances and six goals, Greenwood was released by the club.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: On 13 July 2018, it was announced that Greenwood was joining and would captain Manchester United for their inaugural season. She made her competitive debut for Manchester United in a 1–0 League Cup victory against former club Liverpool on 19 August. On 20 September, she made her Championship debut in a 3–0 win against Sheffield United. On 18 November, she scored her first goal for the club from the penalty spot in a 5–0 win away at Crystal Palace. Greenwood helped Manchester United win the Championship and gain promotion to the FA WSL in their debut season.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: On 4 August 2019, Manchester United announced they had agreed a deal for the transfer of Greenwood to French Division 1 Féminine team Olympique Lyonnais, subject to personal terms. Lyon confirmed the deal on 8 August for a fee of €40,000, plus €20,000 in potential add-ons. On 24 August, she made her league debut for the club in a 6–0 home win against Olympique Marseille.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: On 30 August 2020, Greenwood made her first Champions League appearance since 2010, entering as a stoppage time substitute for Eugénie Le Sommer as Lyon beat Wolfsburg 3–1 in the final.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: By the end of her one-year contract with Lyon she had played 17 matches and won a quadruple of trophies including the Champions league.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: On 9 September 2020, Greenwood returned to England, signing a three-year contract with Manchester City following the expiration of her Lyon contract. In one of her first games she helped win the FA Women's Cup with Manchester City at the end of the 2019/20 season.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: Greenwood captained England at youth level and played at the 2012 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship. Senior national team coach Mark Sampson selected her for the 2014 Cyprus Cup, where she made her debut against Italy on 5 March 2014. She scored her first goal for England in September 2014 in a 10–0 win against Montenegro.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: At the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, youngest member of the squad Greenwood shared England's left-back duties with Claire Rafferty. She won a bronze medal when the team beat Germany in the third place play-off.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: In 2019, Greenwood was part of the England team that won the SheBelieves Cup in the United States. Later that year, Greenwood was selected as part of England's World Cup squad. As part of England's social-media facing squad announcement, her name was announced by singer Olly Murs. On 23 June, Greenwood scored England's third goal in the 3–0 round of 16 win against Cameroon as England went on to finish fourth.


title: Alex Greenwood

text: Although she joined Everton aged eight and signed her first professional contract with the club, Greenwood was brought up supporting Merseyside rivals Liverpool and admired Jamie Carragher. She attended Savio Salesian College. Greenwood is in a relationship with Jack O'Connell, also a professional footballer for Sheffield United. Greenwood has spoken out, on a number of occasions, about the online abuse that she and some of her colleagues receive regularly, which have included comments about her appearance, transfers and threats against her family. Greenwood generally opts to keep her personal life private and tends to keep her social media posts football-related.


title: Zalgo text

text: Zalgo text, also known as cursed text due to the nature of its use, is digital text that has been modified with numerous combining characters, Unicode symbols used to add diacritics above or below letters, to appear frightening or glitchy.


title: Zalgo text

text: Named for a 2004 Internet creepypasta story that ascribes it to the influence of an eldritch deity, Zalgo text has become a significant component of many Internet memes, particularly in the "surreal meme" culture. The formatting of Zalgo text also allows it to be used to halt or impair certain computer functions, whether intentionally or not.


title: Zalgo text

text: Zalgo text was pioneered in 2004 by a "Something Awful" forum member who created image macros of glitched or distorted cartoon characters exclaiming "Zalgo!" The text in the images was often distorted, and the style of the distortion became popularised as "Zalgo text". The characters were often depicted bleeding from their eyes, and forum members interpreted Zalgo as an unimaginable, eldritch apocalyptic figure.


title: Zalgo text

text: Zalgo text is generated by excessively adding various diacritical marks in the form of Unicode combining characters to the letters in a string of digital text. Historically, it has primarily been used in horror or creepypasta Internet memes. Its seemingly improperly rendered or glitched-out characters make it prevalent amongst memes intended to make the reader's device appear to be malfunctioning. Zalgo text has become popular in the world of "surreal memes", which are intended to come across as bizarre or absurd. A common signifier of surreal memes, Zalgo text ties in with an overall aesthetic sensibility of the strange and impossible that includes elements such as clip art and strange-looking recurring characters but refuses to represent real-world elements such as real people or brands.


title: Zalgo text

text: Zalgo text has also been used or alluded to outside of Internet memes. A fan-made campaign logo for the Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign, originally mistaken for an official logo, was described as closely resembling Zalgo text. In 2020, a teenager and TikTok creator submitted the word "hamburger" in Zalgo text for his school yearbook caption; when the yearbook was printed, the text overlapped his photograph and that of the student below him.


title: Zalgo text

text: In addition to legitimate uses, Zalgo text has been used maliciously to crash or overwhelm messaging apps. Some versions of the Apple Messages app are unable to properly handle Zalgo text, and will crash if they try to render a message that contains such text. This behavior has been used to perform denial-of-service attacks against iOS users. Similarly, Zalgo messages sent over Gmail have caused crashes.


title: Zalgo text

text: Zalgo text has led to the creation of other Internet-based glitch art. Performance artist Laimonas Zakas was inspired by Zalgo text to create Glitchr, a Facebook page that intentionally modifies and glitches Facebook code.


title: Zalgo text

text: Though the most influential aspect of the original Zalgo creepypasta is the modified text characters, other aspects of the story have been popular as well. Fans of the story have conceptualized Zalgo as "either an unseen supernatural force, a secret cabal, or perhaps even an evil demigod" and compared it to the Great Old Ones in the work of H. P. Lovecraft. Fan art depictions of Zalgo have included drawings and short films.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: The Sole Survivor Policy or United States Department of Defense Directive 1315.15 "Special Separation Policies for Survivorship" describes a set of regulations in the United States military, partially stipulated by law, that are designed to protect members of a family from the draft during peacetime, or from hazardous duty or other circumstances, if they have already lost family members to military service.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: The issue that gave rise to the regulations first caught public attention after the five Sullivan brothers were all killed when the USS "Juneau" (CL-52) was sunk during World War II.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Section 6(o) of the Military Selective Service Act of 1948 exempted the sole surviving son of a family where one or more sons or daughters had been killed in action, died in the line of duty, or subsequently died of injuries or disease incurred while in military service, from being drafted either in peacetime or wartime.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: In 1971, during the Vietnam War, Congress amended Section 6(o) of the law to remove the restriction on surviving sons being drafted during periods of war or national emergency declared by Congress. Any son, not just a sole surviving son, was exempt from being drafted in peacetime if their father, brother, or sister had been killed in action or died in the line of duty prior to December 31, 1959, or died subsequent to that date as a result of injuries or disease incurred while in service. Sons were also exempt from being drafted in peacetime if a father, brother, or sister was in a prisoner of war or missing in action status. The sole surviving son was permitted to apply for voluntary induction into the military, however.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: The amendment also provided that a son or sons who had been drafted and had not voluntarily extended their term of service or re-enlisted, and during their service had come under the criteria of Section 6(o) that would have prohibited them from being inducted as civilians, were permitted to apply for immediate discharge from the armed forces. Men undergoing court martial proceedings were not permitted to apply for discharge until the proceedings had been completed or the sentence handed down had been served.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Since the passage of the law, each branch of the military has made its own policies with regard to separating immediate family members.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Before the Sole Survivor Policy was officially implemented in 1948, several occasions occurred when sole survivors were excused from active service.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: In World War II, four brothers of the Borgstrom family, Elmer, Clyde, and twins Rolon and Rulon, were all killed within a few months of each other in 1944. Their parents then successfully petitioned for their fifth son Boyd, who was also on active duty, to be released from service. Their sixth son, Elton, who had not yet reached conscription age, was exempted from military service.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: The three Butehorn brothers of Bethpage, New York, Charles, Joseph, and Henry, were all deployed during World War II. After Charles was killed in action in France in November 1944 and Joseph was killed in action in the Pacific in May 1945, Henry, who was serving with the Army Air Forces in Italy, was ordered home by the War Department. The "Veterans of Foreign Wars" post in Bethpage is named after their sacrifice.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: In the case of the Niland brothers, U.S. intelligence believed that all but one of four siblings were killed in action. The eldest brother, Technical Sergeant Edward Niland, of the U.S. Army Air Forces, was later found to have been held in a prisoner of war camp in Burma. The Academy Award–winning film "Saving Private Ryan", directed by Steven Spielberg, was loosely based on the Niland brothers' story.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Both the Borgstrom and Butehorn incidents occurred before the Sole Survivor Policy was put into effect in 1948. They, along with the deaths of all of the Sullivan brothers in 1942, helped lead to it.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Jason and Nathan Hubbard joined the Army after their brother Jared had died in Iraq in 2004. In 2007, Nathan died in a helicopter crash. Military officials ordered Jason home shortly after.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Jeremy, Ben, and Beau Wise served in active combat roles in the Afghan War. Jeremy, a former Navy SEAL, was at a CIA base as a military contractor and was killed in 2009 when a suicide bomber attacked the base. Later in 2012, Ben, an Army Special Forces combat medic, was seriously wounded in Afghanistan and died of his injuries six days later at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center. Beau was deployed in Afghanistan with the Marines at that time and was immediately relieved of combat duties and returned to the United States.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: This policy protects "only sons", "the last son to carry the family name", and "sole surviving sons" only during peacetime. In times of war or national emergency as declared by the US Congress, this provision does not apply to any of the above. Also, this provision is voluntary, meaning that the member wishing to be sent home has to request for the policy to be applied and get their application approved. Furthermore, it does not apply strictly to the sole surviving son but also to all surviving sons.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: Members of the armed forces who are not eligible for Department of Defense Directive 1315.15, "Special Separation Policies for Survivorship," include those who currently have court-martial charges pending against them or those who have been convicted by court-martial.


title: Sole Survivor Policy

text: The policy was changed to allow both enlisted and officers to apply for this discharge. If members of the Armed Forces re-enlist or voluntarily extend their active duty beyond the requirement after having been notified of a death in the family, those members automatically become ineligible.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The 2015–16 season was Chelsea Football Club's 102nd competitive season, 27th consecutive season in the top flight of English football, 24th consecutive season in the Premier League and 110th year in existence as a football club. They entered the season as reigning Premier League champions after winning the title for a fifth time in 2014–15, and also participated in the FA Cup, League Cup, FA Community Shield and UEFA Champions League.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Czech goalkeeper Petr Čech left the club to join London rivals Arsenal on a three-year deal. He played 486 games for the Blues in all competitions, winning four Premier League titles, four FA Cups, three League Cups, two Community Shields, one UEFA Champions League and one UEFA Europa League.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Young central midfielders Josh McEachran and Marco van Ginkel left the Blues. McEachran joined Championship club Brentford on a four-year deal for a reported £750,000, while Van Ginkel joined Stoke City on a year-long loan deal. Under-21 player Andreas Christensen also left on a season-long loan, joining Borussia Mönchengladbach, while Nathan and Isaiah Brown were loaned to Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 13 July, the Blues completed the signing of Bosnian goalkeeper Asmir Begović from Stoke City on a four-year deal for a reported £8 million. Patrick Bamford extended his contract for another three years and was loaned to Premier League outfit Crystal Palace.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: José Mourinho also confirmed that Bertrand Traoré would be a part of his first-team plans for 2015–16, as would Victor Moses. On 28 July, left-back Filipe Luís left the Blues after just one year, moving back to former club Atlético Madrid for a reported £11.1 million.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea lost the 2015 FA Community Shield 1–0 to Arsenal thanks to an Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain goal in the 24th minute. Diego Costa missed the game through injury, and it was the first time Arsène Wenger defeated José Mourinho in 14 attempts.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 3 August, Todd Kane signed a new three-year deal at the club, keeping him at the Blues until 2018. Young England forward Dominic Solanke joined fellow Blues players Izzy Brown, Lewis Baker, Nathan and Danilo Pantić on loan at Dutch Eredivisie team Vitesse Arnhem on a season long loan.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Mohamed Salah joined Roma on a season-long loan and Todd Kane joined NEC Nijmegen. On 7 August, manager José Mourinho has signed a new four-year contract, keeping him at Stamford Bridge until at least 2019. Young centre-back Alex Davey joins Peterborough United on a one-month loan deal.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea started their Premier League campaign at home against Swansea City. Swansea came from behind twice to draw 2–2 with ten-man Chelsea. Oscar gave the Blues the lead before André Ayew drew Swansea level, yet Chelsea went in 2–1 up at the break thanks to a Federico Fernández own goal. Six minutes into the second half, Thibaut Courtois was sent off for a last-man foul on Bafétimbi Gomis; Gomis converted the resulting penalty to equalise for the Swans. This match involved an incident in which Eva Caneiro, the Chelsea team doctor, came on to treat Eden Hazard – an action for which she was later criticised by José Mourinho. Caneiro would later take the club to court and eventually won a £5 million settlement. This event, however, signalled the beginning of a downward spiral that would culminate in José Mourinho's sacking.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Oriol Romeu joined Southampton after four years as a Chelsea player in which he made 33 appearances, scoring once from the penalty spot against Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2012.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Nathan Aké signed a new five-year contract with Chelsea and will continue his development by spending this season on loan in the Premier League at Watford.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Manchester City hammered the Blues 3–0 at the City of Manchester Stadium, goals from Sergio Agüero, Vincent Kompany and Fernandinho condemning José Mourinho to his joint-heaviest defeat whilst in charge of Chelsea. Despite only being the second game of the season, Manchester City move five points ahead of the Blues. Directly after the game, German Bundesliga club FC Augsburg announce that Baba Rahman has signed for Chelsea for a reported fee of £21.7 million.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The Blues announce the signing of Barcelona winger Pedro for a reported £21.4 million, signing a four-year deal with Chelsea. Pedro has won the World Cup, European Championship, three UEFA Champions Leagues and numerous titles in Spain with Barça. Pedro will wear the number 17 shirt, which was given to him by Baba Rahman, the latter vacating it to number 6. The number 17 was previously worn by Eden Hazard and Mohamed Salah.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 23 August, the Blues announced the signing of Kenedy from Fluminense, who will wear the number 16 shirt. Pedro stars on his Chelsea debut as he scores one and assists another as the Blues win their first game of the season against West Bromwich Albion. Thibaut Courtois saved a first half James Morrison penalty before goals from Pedro, Diego Costa and César Azpilicueta sent Chelsea in 3–1 up at the break. Despite having John Terry sent off in the 54th minute, Chelsea held on to claim all three points.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea are drawn away against Walsall in the Third Round Capital One Cup. While Juan Cuadrado signs on a year-long loan deal for Italian Serie A club Juventus.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: In José Mourinho's 200th Premier League match (and 100th league match at home), Chelsea lost 2–1 to Crystal Palace at Stamford Bridge. This marked only the second time Mourinho had suffered a home defeat in the league as Chelsea manager, and it was also just his third home defeat in all competitions while in charge of Chelsea. Goals from Bakary Sako and Joel Ward either side of Radamel Falcao's first goal for the Blues sent Chelsea eight points behind leaders Manchester City.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On transfer deadline day, Chelsea announced the signing of Nantes defender Papy Djilobodji for a reported £2.7 million. Victor Moses extends his contract for another four years and is loaned to West Ham United. The Blues also signed Michael Hector for a reported £4 million from Reading; he was immediately loaned back to Reading for the entirety of the season.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: First choice goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois is ruled out for up to three months with a knee injury. The Blues' poor form continued as they suffered another defeat, this time away at Everton. A Steven Naismith hat-trick condemned Chelsea to a third defeat after just five games, as many as they suffered in the entire previous season.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea win their first home game of the season as they defeat Maccabi Tel Aviv 4–0. Goals from Willian, Oscar, Diego Costa and Cesc Fàbregas sent the Blues top of Group G after one game. This victory was Chelsea's first clean sheet since the Blues won the title last May 1–0 against Crystal Palace.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Goals from Kurt Zouma and a Calum Chambers own goal gave Chelsea a 2–0 victory over nine-man Arsenal. Gabriel and Santi Cazorla were sent off for the Gunners, the former for kicking out at Diego Costa and the latter for receiving two yellow cards. The Blues also keep their first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season, Zouma's goal was his first in the Premier League for Chelsea. Two days after the game, both Chelsea and Arsenal were charged with failing to control their players and Costa was charged with an act of violent conduct for the incident that started the disturbance, where he slapped Laurent Koscielny in the face, which was not seen by the match officials but caught on video. Costa was given a three-match suspension, while Gabriel had his three-match suspension withdrawn after a "wrongful dismissal claim" from Arsenal and he was available for their next match.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea came from 2–0 down with ten minutes to play to secure a point away to Newcastle United thanks to late goals from substitutes Ramires and Willian. Ayoze Pérez and Georginio Wijnaldum sent the Magpies ahead before the Brazilian substitutes sent the Blues five points off the top four.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The Blues' last game in September finished in a 2–1 loss at Porto in a hard-fought game. Chelsea failed to claim a draw as goals from André André and Maicon sent Porto one point ahead of Chelsea.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea's poor start to the season continued as Southampton came from behind to record a victory at Stamford Bridge. The Blues have taken only eight points from a possible 24 this season and are only four above the relegation zone. After Saturday's home defeat, Chelsea have offered their full support to manager José Mourinho. Meanwhile, Blues captain John Terry says the 52-year-old Portuguese is the best person to help the club recover from their miserable start.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: "If anyone is going to get us out of this hole it is going to be José Mourinho", said the 34-year-old defender.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The Blues defeat Aston Villa 2–0 at Stamford Bridge, with a Diego Costa goal and an Alan Hutton own goal. José Mourinho dropped Eden Hazard, Nemanja Matić and Gary Cahill and chose to start youngsters Ruben Loftus-Cheek and Baba Rahman. Four days later, Chelsea draw 0–0 with Ukrainian side Dynamo Kyiv, keeping them in third place one point behind the Ukrainian champions.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: José Mourinho and Nemanja Matić were sent-off as Chelsea's miserable Premier League campaign continued with a 2–1 defeat at West Ham on 24 October. Mauro Zárate fired the Hammers in front when Chelsea failed to clear a corner. Matić was sent off after being booked twice in nine minutes before the break, and Mourinho joined him after speaking to referee Jon Moss at half-time.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Gary Cahill levelled from a corner but Andy Carroll met Aaron Cresswell's cross to send the Hammers to second in the table.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea crashed out of the League Cup in the fourth round after Jack Butland's penalty shootout heroics earned ten-man Stoke City a 5–4 spot-kick win that increased the pressure on José Mourinho. Jonathan Walters struck a goal worthy of winning any contest to give Stoke the lead early in the second half, before Loïc Rémy's injury-time equaliser took the tie the distance at the Britannia Stadium. After nine out of the first nine spot-kicks were clinically despatched—with the likes of Charlie Adam, Marko Arnautović, Oscar, Rémy and Willian successful—Eden Hazard saw his attempt brilliantly saved by Jack Butland, who earned his side a place in the last eight.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Philippe Coutinho scored twice as Liverpool came from behind to beat Chelsea 3–1 at Stamford Bridge on 31 October to ratchet up the pressure yet further on the beleaguered Mourinho. A Ramires header gave the Premier League champions the lead after just four minutes, but compatriot Coutinho fired Liverpool level in some style just before half-time. Oscar came close with a long-range chip, but chances were few and far between in the second half until another Coutinho effort clipped John Terry and flew past Asmir Begović. Christian Benteke made sure of the points with a composed finish in the closing minutes as Jürgen Klopp secured his first league win since taking charge of Liverpool.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea eased the pressure on manager José Mourinho as Willian's late winner gave them a crucial Champions League victory over Dynamo Kyiv at Stamford Bridge. The win moved the Blues into second place in Group G, three points behind leaders Porto, but now with a two-point cushion to Dynamo.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Premier League-wise, though, Chelsea continued their struggle as they lost in a 1–0 away game at Stoke City. Seeing Norwich City win, this left them 16th in the League and three points above relegation.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea recorded their first win in four Premier League matches as Diego Costa's first goal in seven games gave them a narrow victory over Norwich. The Blues finally broke through when Costa finished off Cesc Fàbregas' quickly taken free-kick. The home side were denied a second when Kurt Zouma's flick hit the crossbar.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The Blues also secured back to back wins, after defeating Maccabi Tel Aviv 4–0. Goals from Gary Cahill, Willian, Oscar and Kurt Zouma sent Chelsea closer to the knockout phase, needing only one point home against Porto.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Tottenham Hotspur extended their unbeaten run in the Premier League to a club record 13 games with a 0–0 draw against Chelsea at White Hart Lane. Neither goalkeeper was to beaten before the final whistle, leaving Mourinho's side 14th in the table with one win in their last five Premier League matches.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Glenn Murray scored a dramatic late winning goal as AFC Bournemouth recorded one of the most famous wins in their history against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. The substitute had been on the pitch for just 99 seconds before he bundled home the winner. Mourinho's side, who sit 14th in the table, have now suffered eight defeats in 15 league games and Eden Hazard's goalless streak stretching to 25 games in all competitions.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea advanced to the Champions League knockout stage with a 2–0 victory, which eliminated opponents Porto and sent the Portuguese side into the Europa League. Costa, on the bench in the Blues' last two games, had a hand in the opening goal when his saved effort rebounded in off Iván Marcano and Willian scored the second goal.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: The Blues lost their ninth Premier League game (out of sixteen) of the season, while Leicester City moved to the top of the Premier League, in a 2–1 loss on Monday. This left the defending champions just one point clear of the relegation. Jamie Vardy scored for the sixth consecutive Premier League home match and Riyad Mahrez scored the second goal before Loïc Rémy could halve the deficit with 13 minutes remaining.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 17 December, after the loss against Leicester City and after losing nine out of sixteen league games, manager José Mourinho was sacked by Chelsea. Former Netherlands boss Guus Hiddink was appointed interim Chelsea manager until the end of the season following the sacking of Mourinho. The Dutchman was to be at Stamford Bridge for Sunderland's match, but Steve Holland took control of team matters for the game alongside Eddie Newton, who now took on the role of assistant first-team coach.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began their second post-José Mourinho era by scoring three goals in the Premier League for the first time in nearly four months to beat Sunderland. Fabio Borini pulled one back for Sunderland when he bundled in from close range, but that was not enough to take it to a comeback. The day was marked by fan protests and shows of support for Mourinho.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On Boxing Day, Diego Costa scored twice as Guus Hiddink's second spell as Chelsea boss started with a 2–2 draw against Watford.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 28 December, keepers David de Gea and Thibaut Courtois were the stars of the show as Manchester United and Chelsea drew 0–0.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea secured their first victory in Hiddink's second spell as boss to move six points clear of relegation with a win at Crystal Palace. A first-half goal from Oscar gave the Blues the lead at Selhurst Park, before second-half strikes from Willian and Diego Costa secured all three points.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: John Swift extended his loan with Championship club Brentford until the end of the season. Additionally, both Patrick Bamford and Christian Atsu returned to the club following their loan spells with Crystal Palace and Bournemouth respectively.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 10 January, Chelsea advanced to the fourth round of the FA Cup, defeating Football League One side Scunthorpe United 2–0. Ruben Loftus-Cheek scored the second goal, the first of his senior career at Chelsea.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 24 January, Chelsea earned a 1–0 victory over Arsenal after a first-half goal from Diego Costa. With this win, Chelsea moved past West Bromwich Albion into 13th in the league over goal difference with 28 points.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 31 January, Chelsea rounded out the month with a 5–1 victory over Championship side MK Dons in the fourth round of the FA Cup. The Blues will host Manchester City in the fifth round on 21 February.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began the month with back-to-back draws against league opponents Watford and Manchester United, 0–0 and 1–1, respectively. The draw against Manchester United was marred by a serious knee injury to Kurt Zouma, which would rule him out until the following season.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea returned to their winning ways on 13 February, dominating Newcastle United 5–1 at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea led 2–0 within ten minutes thanks to goals from Diego Costa and Pedro. Costa later set up Willian, who finished to make the lead three goals at the 17 minute mark. In the second half, Pedro added a second goal, and Bertrand Traoré scored his first league goal to make it 5–0. The Magpies got a 90th-minute goal through Andros Townsend, but it was little consolation as the rout ended in favor of the Blues. The only other blemish of the game was a hamstring injury to club captain John Terry, who missed the next match.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea then faced Paris Saint-Germain in the first leg of the UEFA Champions League round of 16. Chelsea were without John Terry and Kurt Zouma, due to injuries, and Nemanja Matić, as he had been suspended for accumulating two yellow cards. Because of this, Chelsea started Gary Cahill and Branislav Ivanović at centre back, and Baba Rahman and César Azpilicueta at full-back. The Parisians dominated possession throughout much of the half and eventually capitalized in the 39th minute. Chelsea midfielder John Obi Mikel conceded a foul just outside the 18-yard box. PSG forward Zlatan Ibrahimović's free kick deflected off Mikel, who was part of the wall, and past goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. Just a few minutes later, however, Chelsea equalised through Mikel from a stoppage time corner kick. PSG regained their lead late in the game as Edinson Cavani, who had only entered the match moments prior as a substitute, broke through the Chelsea back line and beat Courtois. The lead would hold, with PSG holding a 2–1 lead heading into the second leg.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Five days after the loss in Paris, Chelsea bounced back with a 5–1 win against Manchester City in the fifth round of the FA Cup. City manager Manuel Pellegrini chose to play a weakened squad that featured five youth players making their senior debuts. Chelsea struck first, Diego Costa scoring on a 35th-minute header. However, City immediately responded, with David Faupala scoring on his senior debut and tying the score going to halftime. However, Faupala's goal was the last glimmer of hope, as Chelsea would score four times in the second half. Four different Chelsea players scored in the second half: Willian, Gary Cahill, Eden Hazard, and Bertrand Traoré. The final score was 5–1. Later that day, Chelsea drew Everton as their opponent in the sixth round, to be played on 12 March.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began March with a victory against Norwich City on the first day of the month. Chelsea scored just 39 seconds into the match behind a strike from Kenedy, a natural winger who had lined up as a left back. Having taken the lead in the first minute, Chelsea later doubled it in the final minute of the first half, with Diego Costa scoring in stoppage time. Norwich would cut the Blues' lead to one after a 68th-minute goal from Nathan Redmond. However, Chelsea would manage to hold on to their lead and win. The final score was 2–1.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Four days later, Chelsea faced off with Stoke City. Chelsea scored through Bertrand Traoré in the 39th minute. Chelsea maintained their lead, but Mame Biram Diouf would equalize in the 85th. This score would hold, a 1–1 draw.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 9 March, Chelsea lost 1–2 (2–4 on aggregate) to PSG in the second leg of the Champions League round of 16. Adrien Rabiot put PSG ahead 16 minutes into the match. Chelsea's Diego Costa equalised 11 minutes later, putting the aggregate score 3–2 in favor of PSG. A second Chelsea goal would have forced extra time, and they looked the better side for the remainder of the second half, but failed to score such a goal on several chances. In the 60th minute, Costa went to ground with an injury and had to be replaced by Bertrand Traoré. Seven minutes later, Zlatan Ibrahimović connected with an Ángel Di María cross. This all but ended any chances of a Chelsea comeback, as, due to the away goals rule, would have needed to score three goals in just over 20 minutes. Chelsea failed to score even one, let alone three, and the score ended 1–2 (2–4 on aggregate) in favor of PSG.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 12 March, Chelsea lost 2–0 away to Everton in the sixth round of the FA Cup. Former Chelsea's player Romelu Lukaku scored both goals for Everton. As of 12 March, Chelsea were eliminated from all knockout competitions and sat 10th in the league.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 19 March, Chelsea earned a 2–2 draw with London rivals West Ham United at Stamford Bridge. West Ham United opened the scoring with a fantastic long range shot from Manuel Lanzini which sailed past Thibaut Courtois in the 17th minute. However, just before the half time break Spaniard Cesc Fàbregas equalized with a sublime free-kick. West Ham United re-took the lead in the 61st minute courtesy of substitute Andy Carroll. However, Chelsea replied again this time in the 88th minute after Ruben Loftus-Cheek was brought down by Michail Antonio in the penalty area, therefore earning the Blues a penalty with seconds of normal time remaining. Chelsea then found their second equalizer of the match after Cesc Fàbregas converted the penalty comfortably past goalkeeper Adrián.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea began the month with a 4–0 away victory at Villa Park, beating a struggling Aston Villa side. Matt Miazga, Alexandre Pato and Jake Clarke-Salter all made their first-team debuts for Chelsea. Chelsea took the lead through Ruben Loftus-Cheek after his shot was deflected by Villa defender Joleon Lescott. The Blues then doubled their advantage through an Alexandre Pato penalty, after he was brought down in the area by Aly Cissokho. Pato had replaced the injured Loïc Rémy in the 23rd minute. Chelsea then scored a third through Pedro a minute into the second half. Pedro scored a second after a Pato shot was parried away by Villa goalkeeper Brad Guzan and found its way to the feet of the Spaniard.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 4 April, Chelsea announced that Antonio Conte would become the new first team head coach at the start of the 2016–17 campaign.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 16 April, Chelsea lost 3–0 at home to Manchester City, the same scoreline as the previous league meeting between the two sides in August 2015.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: On 23 April, Chelsea played away at Bournemouth. Chelsea got on the board early with a goal from Pedro, followed by two Hazard goals and a Willian goal. Hazard scored three goals in the Premier League this season. Fabregas contributed three assists in the win.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea went winless throughout the month of May, managing three draws and a loss. Their first game of the month on 2 May was a 2–2 draw to Tottenham Hotspur in which Chelsea came back from being 2–0 down at half time, to secure a point against Tottenham and effectively end their London rival's hopes of obtaining the Premier League title, as Tottenham dropping points meant that they were mathematically unable to surpass Leicester at the top of the table. The opening goals for Tottenham came from Kane in the 35th minute and Son Heung-min's low strike in the 44th minute. The match seemed to be decided until Chelsea returned fire in the second half with Cahill lashing in a goal from distance in the 58th minute, and Hazard then scored a goal in the 83rd minute to continue to regain his form after not having scored until April, and to maintain Chelsea's unbeaten streak at home against Tottenham for the 26th year in a row.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea's next game was a 3–2 away loss to Sunderland on 7 May, which proved to be crucial for the home side's survival in the top flight of English football, at the time moving Sunderland up to 17th in the table and one point clear of their bitter rivals Newcastle United. Chelsea scored the opening goal with a precise finishing strike from Diego Costa in the 14th minute, giving them the lead until Sunderland equalised with a 41st minute volley from Khazri. Chelsea regained the lead seven minutes later in added time with a goal from Nemanja Matić to put them 2–1 up at half time. Sunderland were to turn the game on its head in the second half with two goals in the span of three minutes from Fabio Borini and Jermain Defoe, scored in the 67th and 70th minute. Chelsea were unable to fight back for a draw as Sunderland held on for the three points which would boost their survival hopes. Chelsea remained 9th in the table following the result, possessing a better goal difference than Stoke City in 10th position.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea's penultimate game of the season and their last away fixture was a 1–1 draw with Liverpool at Anfield, on 11 May. After a slow start, Eden Hazard found the net again, continuing an improved run of form with a 32nd minute solo goal to put the Blues in front. The game remained uneventful until Christian Benteke equalised for Liverpool, with a header in the 2nd minute of added time during the second half, claiming a point for the Merseyside club and increasing the team's unbeaten home streak to 12 games.


title: 2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season

text: Chelsea's final game of the 2015–16 Premier League season on 15 May resulted in another 1–1 draw, this time at home to champions Leicester City whom they had failed to defend their title against from the previous season. The game remained goalless until the 66th minute with Cesc Fàbregas scoring a penalty. Leicester responded quickly with a goal from Danny Drinkwater fourteen minutes later, to conclude the campaign with Chelsea finishing 10th due to a win from Stoke City sending the club above Chelsea in the table. Chelsea's tenth-place finish marked the club's lowest finish in the Premier League since the 1995–96 season, in which they finished 11th. It also marked the worst defence of a title in the Premier League's 24-year history, and confirmed the club's absence from European competition in the 2016/17 season.


title: 2015–16 NFL playoffs

text: The National Football League playoffs for the 2015 season began on January 9, 2016. The postseason tournament concluded with Super Bowl 50, on February 7, when the Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California.


title: 2015–16 NFL playoffs

text: For this year only, the Super Bowl decided not to use a Roman numeral ("L") and instead used the standard numerals "50." According to Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, the primary reason was that the league's graphic designers had difficulty designing a suitable, aesthetically pleasing logo with only the Roman numeral "L".


title: 2015–16 NFL playoffs

text: In a change from previous seasons, both AFC wild card games were played on the Saturday, and then both NFC Wild Card games were played on the Sunday (instead of having a game from each conference on the same day).