title: Renée Fleming

text: The title role in Rossini's "Armida" at the Pesaro Festival in Italy also came in 1996. Fiordiligi in "Così fan tutte" at the Met followed, as did the soprano solo in the Verdi Requiem with Luciano Pavarotti and the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. Her debut in the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" came with Chicago Lyric Opera, and she sang the role of Donna Anna in Mozart's "Don Giovanni" with the Paris Opera at the reopening of the Palais Garnier with Sir Georg Solti.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Solti chose Fleming to be the first recipient of his "Solti Prize", an award given to an outstanding younger singer, and given by the "Académie du disque lyrique" in a ceremony equivalent to the Grammy Awards. That year, Fleming debuted at the Bayreuth Festival as Eva in Wagner's "Meistersinger". Her other performances included recitals at the Edinburgh International Festival and at Alice Tully Hall.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Her first "Manon" at the Opéra Bastille received glowing reviews in 1997. At the Bastille, she also reprised the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" as well as singing Marguerite in "Faust" and Rusalka at the Met.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Two concert performances occurred: first with the New York Philharmonic, first under Zubin Mehta performing a selection of opera arias; the second singing Mozart's "Exsultate, jubilate" and three songs of Richard Strauss with Kurt Masur. She appeared at the Ravinia Festival with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and performed Samuel Barber's "" with the Orchestra of St. Luke's under André Previn. She gave recitals as well at notable venues such as the Salzburg Festival.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Two title roles were offered to Fleming in 1998. These were Richard Strauss' "Arabella" with Houston Grand Opera and Carlisle Floyd's "Susannah". Also, there was Countess Almaviva in a landmark production of "Le nozze di Figaro" at the Met which also starred Cecilia Bartoli, Susanne Mentzer, Dwayne Croft, Danielle de Niese, and Bryn Terfel and which was broadcast on PBS' "Great Performances". She made her Carnegie Hall recital debut and sang Richard Strauss's "Four Last Songs" with Claudio Abbado and the Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra at the Salzburg Festival. and later with the Berlin Philharmonic.


title: Renée Fleming

text: She originated the roles of Blanche DuBois in the world première André Previn's "A Streetcar Named Desire" with the San Francisco Opera in September 1998.


title: Renée Fleming

text: 1999 brought appearances at the Bavarian State Opera as the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" and she returned to Carnegie Hall to great success with a concert of German lieder. She also performed in recital with André Previn and made her debut at the Schleswig-Holstein Festival. Fleming's CD, "The Beautiful Voice", won her a Grammy Award that year.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Performances of two new title roles were given: Handel's "Alcina" with Les Arts Florissants and conductor William Christie and with the Lyric Opera of Chicago and Charpentier's "Louise" with San Francisco Opera and Théâtre du Capitole. Fleming closed out the year by performing for President Bill Clinton at the White House for a Christmas celebration.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2000, Fleming appeared at the Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera and at Covent Garden as the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" and sang the title role in Donizetti's "Lucrezia Borgia" with the Opera Orchestra of New York.


title: Renée Fleming

text: She appeared as Donna Anna in Mozart's "Don Giovanni" at the Salzburg Festival and at the Met. She performed with the Orchestra of St. Luke's, under Mark Elder as part of the PBS series "Live From Lincoln Center" and with the Boston Symphony Orchestra in Haydn's "Creation" under James Levine. In June of that year she sang at the installation of New York Archbishop Edward Egan.


title: Renée Fleming

text: As Desdemona in "Otello" she opened the 2001/02 Lyric Opera of Chicago season, Manon with the Paris Opera, the Marschallin with both the San Francisco Opera and the Met, and Arabella at both the Bavarian State Opera and the Met. She also sang in Verdi's "Requiem" twice, once with the London Symphony Orchestra and once with the New York Philharmonic. Fleming also sang at World Trade Center site shortly after the September 11 attacks.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Taking a rather different approach, in 2002 Fleming provided the vocals for Howard Shore's soundtrack for "" soundtrack. Her singing can be found in the songs "The End of All Things", "Twilight and Shadow" and "The Return of the King" (Original Soundtrack) and "The Grace Of Undómiel", "Mount Doom", "The Eagles" and "The Fellowship Reunited" (The Complete Recordings). She also sang in several concerts in the United Kingdom with Bryn Terfel and gave the most extensive recital tour of her career, singing in dozens of recitals with pianist Jean-Yves Thibaudet throughout the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia. In addition, she portrayed the role of Rusalka with Opéra Bastille and Imogene in Bellini's "Il pirata" with Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Her career at the Metropolitan Opera continued in 2003 with Imogene and Violetta in "La traviata". She sang the title role in Massenet's "Thaïs" with the Lyric Opera of Chicago, in addition to Rusalka at Covent Garden and another Violetta with Houston Grand Opera. A reprise of Blanche in Previn's "A Streetcar Named Desire" took place at the Barbican Centre in London.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Met performances continued in 2004, with Fleming portraying "Rodelinda" in Handel's opera and reprises of Rusalka and Violetta at the Met. She also sang her first Countess in "Capriccio" at the Palais Garnier and performed in concerts with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra among others. Recitals were given in Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, and the United States and performed in several concerts with Elton John at Radio City Music Hall. Her first book, "The Inner Voice: The Making of a Singer", was published in 2004 by the Penguin Group.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Massenet's "Manon" at the Met, Desdemona in Verdi's "Otello" at Covent Garden, and Thaïs in Vienna were part of her 2005 repertoire, in addition to concerts with the Berlin Philharmonic (Mahler's Symphony No. 4 and Alban Berg's "Seven Early Songs", conducted by Claudio Abbado, and released as a live recording by Deutsche Grammophon), the London Symphony Orchestra, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, the New Jersey Symphony, the Rochester Philharmonic, and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir among several other ensembles.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2006, Fleming performed a solo concert at the Lyric Opera of Chicago with Sir Andrew Davis, sang Violetta in "La traviata" with Los Angeles Opera; returned to the Met to sing both Manon and Rodelinda; and took up Violetta in the Met's touring production to Japan. Several recitals and concerts throughout the United States, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Austria took place, the latter being a celebration of Mozart's 250th Birthday with the Vienna Philharmonic which was broadcast live internationally. She also recorded song cycles with pianist Brad Mehldau, which were released as "Love Sublime".


title: Renée Fleming

text: Violetta reappeared the following year in Chicago; Tatyana in "Eugene Onegin" and Violetta were given at the Metropolitan Opera; her Arabella was seen at the Zurich Opera, as was Thaïs at the Théâtre du Châtelet, The Royal Opera, London, in concert at the Vienna Konzerthaus, and the Liceu, Barcelona. Performances with over a dozen orchestras, including the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Vancouver Symphony, the Boston Symphony, the San Francisco Symphony, the China Philharmonic Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Baton Rouge Symphony Orchestra where she appeared as a "Pennington Great Performers" series artist. Additionally, Fleming appeared at numerous music festivals, including the Salzburg Festival and the Lincoln Center Festival and she gave recitals throughout Southeast Asia, Germany, and Switzerland.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On September 22, 2008, Fleming became the first woman in the 125-year history of the Metropolitan Opera to solo headline opening night. Fleming performed three favorite roles: Violetta in act 2 of Verdi's "La traviata"; Manon in act 3 of Massenet's "Manon"; and the Countess in the final scene of Strauss's "Capriccio". The performance was also transmitted live in HD to screens in Times Square. The 2008/09 season resulted in Fleming singing Desdemona and Thais at the Metropolitan Opera, the Countess in "Capriccio" at the Vienna State Opera, Tatyana at the Tanglewood Music Festival, and "Lucrezia Borgia" at the Washington National Opera.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2009, Fleming premiered the complete version of "Le temps l'horloge" by Henri Dutilleux. She sang Violetta at Covent Garden and Rusalka at the Metropolitan Opera, the Marschallin at the Baden-Baden Festival, the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées and the Metropolitan Opera. She sang a variety of short pieces at Napa Valley's Festival del Sole in California.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming sang in the opening concert of the 2009-10 season of the New York Philharmonic. The concert, telecast via "Live from Lincoln Center", was the first performance of conductor Alan Gilbert as music director of the New York Philharmonic. Fleming performed Olivier Messiaen's song cycle "Poèmes pour mi".


title: Renée Fleming

text: During the 2009-10 Metropolitan Opera season, Fleming sang in Mary Zimmerman's new production of Rossini's "Armida", in the first-ever production of the opera by the company. She returned to that role during the Met's 2010-2011 season, along with the Countess in "Capriccio".


title: Renée Fleming

text: On November 14, 2009, Fleming performed at a concert in Prague organized by Václav Havel to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Czech Velvet Revolution, which also featured Lou Reed, Joan Baez and others. Fleming sang the aria "Song to the Moon" from "Rusalka" in Czech, and also sang "Perfect Day" in a duet with Reed.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In a 2010 "Wall Street Journal" article, Fleming talked about her view of the battle between opera traditionalists and those who want to reinterpret the standards, siding – with some reservations – with the latter: "I'm not a reactionary. I've loved some of [these productions] when they've been well thought out. I have no problem with edgy, as long as it's not vulgar or disrespectful of the piece." She said her "classic" image meant that she was unlikely to be asked to perform in such productions. In the same interview, Fleming explained her increasing preference for performing in concerts, rather than opera productions, and said, having learned more than 50 operas, that she is unlikely to learn many more.


title: Renée Fleming

text: At the Last Night of the Proms in London in 2010, Fleming performed songs by Richard Strauss, Dvořák and Smetana. In December, the Board of Directors of Lyric Opera of Chicago announced that Fleming was named Creative Consultant, a first in the company's history.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On July 2, 2011, Fleming sang for the Wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Charlene Wittstock in Monte Carlo. On October 21, 2011, Fleming headlined a gala concert in the opening festivities of the Royal Opera House Muscat in Oman. In November 2011, Fleming appeared in the title role of Handel's "Rodelinda" at the Metropolitan Opera, in a revival of a production created for her in 2004, the first time the company had ever presented the work.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming performed with the Philadelphia Orchestra on January 29, 2011 for the Academy of Music 154th Anniversary Concert. Paul Simon also performed at the concert, and together with Fleming sang "The Sounds of Silence". On November 11, 2011, Fleming performed A.R. Gurney's "Love Letters" with Alec Baldwin at Carnegie Hall in New York City. In her role as creative consultant to the Lyric Opera of Chicago, Fleming collaborated with Chicago's Second City comedy troupe to develop Second City's Guide to the Opera, which was staged at the Lyric Opera on January 5, 2013. Fleming co-hosted and co-starred with actor Patrick Stewart for the sold-out performance.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On April 26, 2013, Fleming sang the world premiere of The Strand Settings at Carnegie Hall with the New York Philharmonic. Written for Fleming by Swedish composer Anders Hillborg and presented as part of Fleming's Perspectives residency at Carnegie Hall, the work is a setting of poems by the Canadian poet Mark Strand. The performance received a five-minute ovation. In the Spring of 2014, Fleming performed the role of Blanche Dubois in André Previn's operatic adaptation of "A Streetcar Named Desire" at Carnegie Hall in New York and later in Chicago and Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Times theater critic Charles McNulty described Fleming as "that rare opera star whose expressive vocal potential is nearly matched by a gestural eloquence", and wrote:


title: Renée Fleming

text: Renée Fleming's magnificent Blanche dominates the stage in every scene that she's in. The tragedy belongs to her character – and it's personal, achingly so. Fleming is quite simply the best Blanche I've seen since Elizabeth Marvel brutally essayed the role in Ivo van Hove's brilliant deconstruction at New York Theater Workshop in 1999.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In January 2015, Fleming co-starred with Kelli O'Hara in a new production of the operetta "The Merry Widow" at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The production was directed by Susan Stroman, the winner of five Tony Awards. In April 2015, Fleming made her Broadway debut in a new comedy by Joe DiPietro, "Living on Love", directed by Kathleen Marshall at the Longacre Theatre. Fleming played the role of an opera diva in the production, which also featured Douglas Sills, Anna Chlumsky and Jerry O'Connell.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On May 5, 2016, Fleming sang at Carnegie Hall's 125th Anniversary Gala. Itzhak Perlman, James Taylor, Yo-Yo Ma and others also performed. Richard Gere served as the host. On December 9, 2016, Fleming sang jazz with bassist Christian McBride at Wigmore Hall in London.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On May 13, 2017, Fleming performed the role of the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" for the last time at the Metropolitan Opera. In an interview, Fleming stated that she will focus in the future on new roles.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming performed the role of Nettie Fowler in a 2018 Broadway revival of "Carousel" at the Imperial Theatre. Produced by Scott Rudin and directed by Jack O'Brien, the show garnered 11 Tony Award nominations, including a Tony nomination for Fleming herself.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On September 1, 2018, Fleming sang "Danny Boy" at the funeral service for Senator John McCain held at the Washington National Cathedral. On October 2, 2018, Fleming sang at the Carnegie Hall opening night gala with Audra McDonald and the San Francisco Symphony, conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas.


title: Renée Fleming

text: During April and May 2019, Fleming appeared opposite actor Ben Whishaw in "Norma Jeane Baker of Troy", the inaugural production in the Kenneth C. Griffin Theater at The Shed in Manhattan. In his review, New York Times theater critic Ben Brantley wrote:


title: Renée Fleming

text: [Fleming's] creamy, disembodied voice floats through the air like thought made sound...Mr. Whishaw and Ms. Fleming are, against the odds, marvelous. They somehow lend an emotional spontaneity to ritualistic words and gestures, while conjuring an affecting relationship.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On July 24, 2019, Fleming performed the world premiere of "Penelope", a collaboration between Tom Stoppard and André Previn, with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Fleming was joined by actress Uma Thurman, who provided narration for the spoken text. In the summer of 2019, Fleming co-starred with Dove Cameron and Alex Jennings in the London premiere of "The Light in the Piazza", which received six Tony awards when it opened on Broadway in 2005. In his review of the musical for "The Daily Telegraph", Rupert Christiansen wrote "[The] first London staging is lucky to have netted Renée Fleming for the central role of Margaret ... Fleming makes the transition to Broadway style effortlessly, using her gorgeously rich middle register ... and handling the spoken dialogue with wit and assurance." Fleming performed the same role when the production was staged in Los Angeles and Chicago later in 2019.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2019, Fleming also premiered the Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Kevin Puts' "The Brightness of Light", a setting of letters between Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz. Fleming performed the work in concert at Tanglewood, Santa Fe, Aspen and the Kennedy Center.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On September 25, 2020, Fleming appeared in a live concert with Vanessa Williams, titled “A Time to Sing,” for a small, socially-distanced audience in the Kennedy Center Opera House. The performance, the first on a stage inside the Kennedy Center since the March 13 shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, was also live-streamed.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On January 20, 2021, Fleming sang at a private mass attended by President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris prior to their swearing-in as president and vice president of the US. Attendees also included the Democratic and Republican leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On November 22, 2022, she returned to the stage to sing the role of Clarissa Vaughn in the world premiere of Kevin Puts's opera "The Hours" at the Metropolitan Opera. The performance of December 10 was video-cast as part of the Metropolitan Opera Live in HD series.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming has been married twice. Fleming married actor Rick Ross in 1989, and the couple had two daughters. The couple divorced in 2000. On September 3, 2011, Fleming married tax lawyer Tim Jessell, whom she met on a blind date set up by author Ann Patchett.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming appeared as a special guest vocalist on Joe Jackson's 1994 album "Night Music" on the song "Lullaby". Fleming has released a number of recordings on the Decca label. In 2000 she was a guest artist alongside the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber and the violinist Gil Shaham on the album "Two Worlds" by Dave Grusin and Lee Ritenour. In 2005, Fleming recorded a jazz album with pianist Fred Hersch and guitarist Bill Frisell entitled "Haunted Heart". On June 8, 2010, Decca/Mercury released Fleming's album "Dark Hope", a collection of indie rock covers. The album was the idea of rock managers Peter Mensch and Cliff Burnstein; after listening to Fleming's performance of "In the Pines" on Elvis Costello's TV show "Spectacle", they approached Fleming and producer David Kahne. Fleming's "Dark Hope" album features covers of songs by Leonard Cohen, Band of Horses, Jefferson Airplane and others.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2008, Fleming sang Blossom Dearie's "Touch the Hand of Love" accompanied by Chris Thile, Edgar Meyers, and Yo-Yo Ma on Ma's "Songs of Joy and Peace" album. In November 2010, the Charlie Haden Quartet West released the jazz CD "Sophisticated Ladies" in which Fleming was a guest vocalist on the song "A Love Like This" by Ned Washington and Victor Young. In 2014, Decca released Fleming's holiday album Christmas in New York, with intimately-arranged jazz treatments of holiday standards. Guests on the album include Chris Botti, Kurt Elling, Wynton Marsalis, Brad Mehldau, Kelli O'Hara, Gregory Porter and Rufus Wainwright. The album was the inspiration for a PBS special featuring Fleming with the same title.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2015, Fleming sang "New York Tendaberry" accompanied by Chris Thile, Edgar Meyers and Yo-Yo Ma on the Billy Childs album "Map to the Treasure: Reimagining Laura Nyro", the song winning the Grammy for Best Arrangement, Instruments and Vocals. In 2017, Decca released Fleming's album "Distant Light", which features four songs by the Icelandic composer Björk, Samuel Barber's "Knoxville: Summer of 1915" and the "Strand Settings", a four-song cycle composite by Anders Hillborg. Fleming recorded an album of musical theater songs, "Reneé Fleming: Broadway", which was released by Decca in 2018. Guest artists included Christian McBride, Leslie Odom Jr., and Dan Tepfer.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming appeared on the children's show "Sesame Street" singing a lively rendition of "Caro nome" from "Rigoletto", replacing the traditional Italian text with lyrics intended to aid children learning to count. She performed several times on Garrison Keillor's public radio program "A Prairie Home Companion".


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming appears on the soundtrack of the 2003 film "" in which she sings in the fictional language Sindarin. Fleming also sang on the soundtrack of the 2003 Disney release, "Piglet's Big Movie", performing the duet "Comforting to Know" with Carly Simon. In 2004, Fleming performed in the Kennedy Center Honors gala, telecast on CBS, in tribute to honoree Warren Beatty. She previously performed in Kennedy Center Honors broadcasts for André Previn (1998) and Van Cliburn (2001). On November 18, 2005, Fleming appeared as guest on the BBC Radio 4 radio programme "Desert Island Discs"; her favourite was Joni Mitchell's 1971 song "River". Fleming performed "I'll Be Home for Christmas" on ABC's "The View" on December 18, 2008.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming performed on HBO's on January 18, 2009, a concert which also included performances by Bruce Springsteen, Mary J. Blige, Stevie Wonder, Garth Brooks, U2 and others. Fleming sang the Rodgers and Hammerstein classic "You'll Never Walk Alone" with the combined choirs of the United States Naval Academy. Fleming appeared on the December 18, 2009, broadcast of the "Martha Stewart Show" and baked cookies with Stewart and Snoop Dogg.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming was featured on the first episode of the second season of "HBO Masterclass". She led a master class in which she taught and mentored four aspiring college-aged singers.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On "Good Morning America" on June 8, 2010, Fleming performed a cover of Muse's "Endlessly" from their album "Absolution".


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming appears on the soundtrack of the 2011 Steven Spielberg animated film "" as the singing voice of opera diva Bianca Castafiore, singing Juliette's waltz from Gounod's "Romeo et Juliette". She recorded Alexandre Desplat's theme song "Still Dream" for the 2012 DreamWorks animated feature, "Rise of the Guardians".


title: Renée Fleming

text: On March 20, 2011, Fleming appeared in Grand Finale concert of the YouTube Symphony Orchestra with the Sydney Children's Choir, performing Mozart's "Caro bell'idol mio" K562, under the baton of Michael Tilson Thomas. In less than one week, the concert had 33 million online views.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On April 6, 2012, Fleming performed Broadway duets with Josh Groban on PBS's "Live at Lincoln Center".


title: Renée Fleming

text: On June 4, 2012, Fleming performed at the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Concert from the balcony of Buckingham Palace, a concert which was internationally broadcast and included performances by Elton John, Paul McCartney, Kylie Minogue, Ed Sheeran and others.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In November 2013, Fleming programmed and hosted a three-day festival held at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC titled "American Voices", which explored the artistry and pedagogy of singing across musical genres. Sara Bareilles, Kim Burrell, Ben Folds, Sutton Foster, Alison Krauss and others conducted master classes and performed in the centerpiece "American Voices" concert, in which Fleming also performed. A 90-minute documentary on the festival and the concert was broadcast on PBS Great Performances.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On September 26, 2013, Fleming sang the Late Show Top Ten List ("Top 10 Opera Lyrics") on CBS's "Late Show with David Letterman".


title: Renée Fleming

text: On February 2, 2014, Fleming was the first opera singer to perform "The Star-Spangled Banner" as part of the Super Bowl XLVIII pre-game ceremonies, the broadcast earning the Fox Network the highest ratings of any television program in the network's history. It was also the largest audience in the history of American television, until it was eclipsed by NBC's airing of Super Bowl XLIX the following year. The gown which Fleming wore while performing has been added to the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institute's National Museum of American History.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On November 9, 2014, with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Mikhail Gorbachev in attendance, Fleming sang in a televised concert at the Brandenburg Gate to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On May 29, 2016, Fleming sang "How Can I Keep from Singing?" to honor fallen service men and women in the National Memorial Day Concert held on West Lawn of the Capitol in Washington, D.C. The concert was broadcast on PBS.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2017, Fleming, in her capacity as creative consultant for the Lyric Opera of Chicago, conceived and served as artistic director of Chicago Voices, a festival and concert celebrating Chicago's vocal music legacy and featuring Kurt Elling, Lupe Fiasco, Jessie Mueller, John Prine, Michelle Williams, Terrance Howard and others. Fleming also hosted and performed in the concert, which has been broadcast nationwide on PBS's "Great Performances" and won three Midwest/Chicago Emmy awards.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In the 2017 film "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri", Fleming's Decca recording of "The Last Rose of Summer" is heard in the opening scene and in the middle of the movie, which was nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Score.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In April 2018, Fleming was interviewed by David Rubenstein on "The David Rubenstein Show: Peer-to-Peer Conversations", which was broadcast on Bloomberg Television.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming sings "You'll Never Know" on the soundtrack of the film "The Shape of Water", which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and Best Original Score for composer Alexandre Desplat.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On July 4, 2018, Fleming sang in the PBS telecast A Capitol Fourth from the West Lawn of the US Capitol, performing “You’ll Never Walk Alone” and, during the fireworks display, “America the Beautiful”.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On September 1, 2018, Fleming sang "Danny Boy" at the funeral service for Senator John McCain held at the Washington National Cathedral.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming provided the singing voice of Roxann Coss, the American opera diva played by Julianne Moore, in the 2018 film "Bel Canto", an adaptation of Ann Patchett's best-selling novel.


title: Renée Fleming

text: At the 2018 Kennedy Center Honors awards ceremony broadcast on CBS, Fleming sang a jazz aria composed by honoree Wayne Shorter as a tribute to Shorter.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming appeared as a guest on the National Public Radio quiz show "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!" broadcast on October 19, 2019.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On June 14, 2020, Fleming premiered a new work by composer John Corigliano, “And the People Stayed Home", a setting of Kitty O’Meara’s poem, which was written in the first weeks of the pandemic and became a viral success on social media. The performance was part of a streamed concert, "We Are Here: A Celebration of Resilience, Resistance, and Hope", which also featured performances by Whoopi Goldberg, Lang Lang, and Billy Joel.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On August 1, 2020, Fleming performed a live recital for the Metropolitan Opera "Met Stars Live in Concert" series, live-streamed from Dumbarton Oaks Music Room in Washington, DC. The performance was later telecast on PBS Great Performances.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming was featured in the PBS Great Performances New Year’s Eve telecast on Dec. 31, 2020, in a concert taped at Mount Vernon that also included Joshua Bell, Denyce Graves, Jean-Yves Thibaudet, Yo-Yo Ma, Anna Deavere Smith, Audra McDonald, Brian Stokes Mitchell, and Patti LaBelle.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming has been an advocate for the study of the relationship between music and health, as well as the utility of music in neuroscience research.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2016, Fleming was appointed Artistic Advisor for the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. In this capacity, she has spearheaded Sound Health, a collaboration between the Kennedy Center and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Sound Health has brought together leading neuroscientists, music therapists and arts practitioners to better understand the impact of arts on the mind and body. In September 2019, the NIH announced a commitment of $20 million to support research projects to explore the potential of music for treating a wide range of conditions resulting from neurological and other disorders.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2017, Fleming and Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, had published a joint article in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" on music and health.


title: Renée Fleming

text: While touring for performances, Fleming has given presentations around the world called "Music and the Mind", exploring the power of music as it relates to health and the brain. Fleming's presentations on this subject have been made at hospitals, arts organizations and research universities. They have included the Compton Lecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Pritzker Lecture for the Chicago Public Library and the J. Edward Rall Cultural Lecture at the National Institutes of Health.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2020, Research!America awarded Fleming the Isadore Rosenfeld Award for Impact on Public Opinion for her commitment to research advocacy at the intersection of music, the brain, and wellness.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In May 2020, after the COVID-19 pandemic had halted concert touring, Fleming launched Music and Mind LIVE, a weekly web series, streamed via Fleming's Facebook page and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts YouTube Channel. Episodes featured different guest experts each week from the worlds of medicine, music therapy, research, advocacy, and performing arts, with viewer Q&A. The first guest was former U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy, and later guests included author and neuroscientists Dr. Daniel Levitin, Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Dr. Francis Collins, Deepak Chopra, M.D., and Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart. 19 episodes were streamed with a total of more than 665,000 views from 70 countries.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On April 20, 2021, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) announced a grant from the Renée Fleming Foundation to convene experts from the fields of neuroscience, music therapy and medicine, behavioral intervention development, clinical trial methodology, and patient advocacy. The goal of these conventions was to explore enhanced data collection for improved clinical trial design and, ultimately, to create a research toolkit to help develop music-based therapies for brain disorders of aging.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On May 6, 2021, Fleming spoke in the Fifth International Vatican Conference (conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic) on a panel exploring the therapeutic use of music for patients with heart failure and cardiovascular disease. The 3-day conference also featured Dr. Anthony Fauci, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, Jane Goodall, PhD, and US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On July 13, 2004, Fleming joined Elton John on stage at Radio City Music Hall to perform "Your Song" in the finale of his benefit concert for Juilliard and the Royal Academy of Music.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming has supported and served on the board of directors of Sing For Hope since the organization's inception in 2006. Sing For Hope is a nonprofit that brings music programs and performances to under-resourced schools, healthcare facilities, refugee camps, transit hubs, and public spaces.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On April 11, 2013, Fleming hosted and performed at the 20th anniversary gala of Classical Action, a program of Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS that raises funds for AIDS and family-service organizations nationwide.


title: Renée Fleming

text: On April 17, 2014, Fleming sang for the 25th anniversary concert of the Rainforest Foundation Fund at Carnegie Hall, performing solo and "Là ci darem la mano" in a duet with Sting. The program also included Paul Simon, Stephen Stills, Patti Scialfa and James Taylor.


title: Renée Fleming

text: In 2015, Renée Fleming and Andrea Bocelli sang together for the first time ever at "Remembering Pavarotti", a benefit concert for pancreatic cancer research at the Los Angeles Music Center's Dorothy Chandler Pavilion on September 25.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming has served on the board of trustees of Carnegie Hall, and as the artistic director of SongStudio, Carnegie's intensive program for emerging vocalists and pianists dedicated to the art of the song recital.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming has been a member of the Artistic Advisory Board of the Polyphony Foundation, which brings Israeli youth together through the study and performance of music. Polyphony, through its executive director Naheel Abboud-Askar, has created a conservatory in Nazareth where Arab and Jewish students train together, and it has created music appreciation programs for Israeli kindergartens and elementary schools.


title: Renée Fleming

text: Fleming's signature roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro", Desdemona in Verdi's "Otello", Violetta in Verdi's "La traviata", the title role in Dvořák's "Rusalka", the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and "Thaïs", Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin", the title role in Richard Strauss's "Arabella", the Marschallin in Strauss's "Der Rosenkavalier", the Countess in Strauss's "Capriccio", and Blanche DuBois in André Previn's "A Streetcar Named Desire".


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: London Town is the sixth studio album by the British–American rock group Wings. It was released in March 1978, two years after its predecessor, "Wings at the Speed of Sound". The album had a long and tumultuous gestation during which the band's tour plans for 1977 were cancelled, due to Linda McCartney becoming pregnant with her and Paul McCartney's third child and two members of Wings having departed, leaving the band as a trio comprising Paul, Linda and Denny Laine. Recording sessions were held intermittently over a period of a year, mainly at Abbey Road Studios in London and aboard a luxury yacht in the Virgin Islands.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: "London Town" charted in the top five positions in the UK and the US. It failed to repeat the success of Wings' three previous albums, however, and received mostly unfavourable reviews from music critics. The lead single, "With a Little Luck", was a number 1 hit in the US, but the album's subsequent singles achieved only minor chart success. Also recorded during the sessions was the 1977 non-album single "Mull of Kintyre", which, until 1984, was the best-selling single in UK chart history.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: After the commercial success of 1976, with "Wings at the Speed of Sound" and the well received Wings Over the World tour, Wings' leader Paul McCartney planned on making 1977 a similar year. In February, Wings began recording sessions at Abbey Road Studios, which continued until the end of March. Wings recorded five songs there: "Girls' School", "Name and Address", "London Town", "Children, Children" and Linda McCartney's "B-Side to Seaside". The last was issued as the flip-side of the single "Seaside Woman" (issued under the name "Suzy and the Red Stripes"). The initial plan that Wings would tour in the US once more was thwarted by Linda's discovery that she was pregnant with her and Paul's third child. With the knowledge that they were not going to tour and had time at their disposal – and once again looking for different locales to record in – Wings found themselves moored on a yacht called "Fair Carol" in the Virgin Islands during the month of May where several new songs were recorded. Reflecting the nautical locale, the album's working title was "Water Wings". As Linda's pregnancy progressed, the band halted the sessions for the album, except for the recording of a new track called "Mull of Kintyre" that August and the completion of the already begun "Girls' School". The two songs were released as a single in late 1977 – Wings' only new release that year.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: Before the single's release came two defections from Wings: drummer Joe English had become homesick for America and returned home, and lead guitarist Jimmy McCulloch left Wings to join the Small Faces that September. For the first time since 1973's "Band on the Run", Wings were down to the core three of Paul, Linda and Denny Laine, as reflected on the picture sleeve of the single.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: In November, two months after the birth of the McCartneys' son James, and shortly after sessions for "London Town" resumed, the Scottish tribute "Mull of Kintyre" was released to enormous commercial success. The song became the UK's biggest-selling single, outstripping the Beatles' largest seller "She Loves You". Although it would be topped in 1984 by Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?", "Mull of Kintyre" still ranks as the UK's fourth biggest-selling single and the largest selling non-charity single.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: Recording for "London Town" was completed with some final overdubbing in January 1978. The single "With a Little Luck" was released on 31 March and became a number 1 hit in the US. The album also features the song "Girlfriend", which American pop star Michael Jackson subsequently covered on his 1979 album "Off the Wall".


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: In 1993, "London Town" was remastered and reissued on CD as part of the "Paul McCartney Collection" series. "Mull of Kintyre" and "Girls School" were added as bonus tracks. Laine included versions of "Children Children" and "Deliver Your Children" on his 1996 album "Wings at the Sound of Denny Laine".


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: "London Town" received generally unfavourable reviews from music critics. In the charts, it peaked at number 4 in the UK and number 2 in the US, where it sold over one million copies and went platinum. After a strong start initially, however, it lacked the staying power of Wings' previous releases. The album's follow-up singles, "I've Had Enough" and the title track, became relatively minor hits. The album marked the end of Wings' commercial peak and the beginning of a minor commercial slump for McCartney.


title: London Town (Wings album)

text: Paul McCartney was reportedly displeased with Capitol Records in the US, where "Mull of Kintyre" was ignored by radio programmers; its B-side, "Girls School", reached only number 33 on the US charts. He was further dismayed at what he viewed as Capitol's lacklustre promotion for "London Town". With his contract at an end, he signed up with Columbia Records for North America (remaining with EMI elsewhere in the world) and would stay there until 1984, before returning to Capitol in the US.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Stars at Noon is a 2022 romantic thriller film directed by Claire Denis, based on the 1986 novel "The Stars at Noon" by Denis Johnson, starring Margaret Qualley, Joe Alwyn, Benny Safdie, Danny Ramirez, and John C. Reilly. The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: It was released in the United States by A24 on 14 October 2022. The film received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics, most of whom praised the direction and the cast's performances. Some criticized the pacing and lack of romantic chemistry.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Trish is a young American journalist stranded in Nicaragua during the COVID-19 pandemic and amid a period of severe governmental instability. She is a travel writer whose coverage of brutal extrajudicial killings has alienated both her superiors and the ruling party; her passport has been confiscated and she is living in a flophouse paid for by a sympathetic cabinet minister. Trish assumes that she will be executed for her anti-government activities when the minister can no longer protect her. She has sex with government officials for money and basic necessities (largely unavailable due to the political crisis) while searching desperately for a way out of the country.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: One day, Trish solicits a British man named Daniel for sex in a hotel reserved for wealthy foreigners. Daniel introduces himself as a petrochemicals consultant, but Trish assumes that he is really an intelligence agent. They have passionate, tender sex, and Trish follows him the day after. She observes him meeting with a man she identifies as a Costa Rican police officer. When questioned about the meeting, Daniel is surprised to hear of the man's true identity, eventually realizing his hostile intentions after the officer chases the two through a market.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Trish lets Daniel hide out in the flophouse. The Costa Rican officer quickly finds them, but he is unwilling to attack Daniel in a building protected by a governmental official. Trish and Daniel fall in love. The climax of their emotional bond occurs in a deserted nightclub, where they dance romantically as he speaks about his wife.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Eventually, Trish is informed that the government can no longer protect her; she runs out of money and Daniel is cut off by his employer. Realizing that they will be killed by the Costa Rican once they leave the hotel, the two steal a car and drive towards a border. Along the way, they meet a man who Trish quickly realizes is a CIA agent. The man offers Trish safe passage to the U.S. in exchange for Daniel, but Trish refuses. At the border, the agent offers her the same deal, and questions how they will cross the border without Trish's passport. It becomes clear that the agent and the Costa Rican are colluding with the authoritarian government, while Daniel is in some way trying to destabilize it.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Trish and Daniel trade the car to smugglers in exchange for a boat ride across the border. At the end of the journey, the smugglers are shot to death by unseen soldiers and Daniel is wounded. They make their way to an abandoned church and fall asleep. When they wake up, the agent and the Costa Rican, along with armed troops, have surrounded them. Daniel convinces Trish to abandon him, and the soldiers take him away. A Nicaraguan police officer and former client of Trish's returns her passport, allowing her to legally fly home. The agent pays her and leaves. Trish sits alone in another hotel.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Claire Denis had read Johnson's novel a decade earlier and assessed it as a love story between two people who develop a relationship solely within the heightened context of the revolution. She added, "It's also about the fear and the terror of love, the fear of failure."


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: In April 2019, Denis tentatively announced the film's development and casting of Robert Pattinson after a screening at the Brattle Theatre of her 2018 film "High Life", which also starred Pattinson.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: It was announced in February 2020 that A24 had acquired North American distribution rights to Claire Denis's next directorial effort, with Robert Pattinson and Margaret Qualley as leads. Filming was planned to begin that summer. Delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, filming was later expected to begin in April 2021 but did not begin at that time. Pattinson left the film because of scheduling conflicts by July. Taron Egerton was cast to replace him, and filming was projected to start in October 2021 in Panama. When it was delayed, in November Egerton left the project due to personal reasons.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: He was replaced by Joe Alwyn. In January 2022 Danny Ramirez was announced as part of the cast. Additional casting, including Benny Safdie and John C. Reilly, was reported in April.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Filming took place in Panama, beginning by December 2021. Production wrapped later that same month. Denis wanted to shoot the film in Nicaragua, but decided against it after the re-election of President Ortega. She said, "I knew I could not, it would have been immoral."


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: The music of the film was composed by the English alternative rock band Tindersticks, who have contributed the music to many of Claire Denis's previous films. The soundtrack was officially announced on 6 October 2022, with the title track released as a single the same day. The soundtrack was released on 14 October 2022, via City Slang.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 25 May 2022. At Cannes, it was the co-winner of the Grand Prix. It was released by A24 in the United States and on demand on 14 October 2022. The film began streaming on Hulu on 28 October 2022. Wild Bunch International handled the international distribution sales for the film. The film is scheduled to be released in France on 3 May 2023.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 62% based on 95 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The website's consensus reads, "Short on romantic sparks and frustratingly sedate, "Stars at Noon" is carried by a talented cast and Claire Denis' formidable control of her craft." According to Metacritic, which assigned a weighted average score of 64 out of 100 based on 27 critics, the film received "generally favorable reviews".


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: Guy Lodge of "Variety" wrote, "The American setting and perspective may be new for her; the rest, from the film's bristling, dust-licked atmospherics to its frank, corporeal eroticism to yet another shivery, enveloping score by longtime collaborators Tindersticks, is vintage Denis." David Ehrlich of "IndieWire" praised the film's dialogue, writing that it is "only strengthened by its occasional awkwardness, as it subsumes Trish and Daniel into the same disordered humidity that swamps the film around them. The frequent sex scenes become a dialogue of their own — the lovers feeling each other out in search of something they can actually trust." Ben Croll of "TheWrap" praised Denis' "tonal control" and Qualley's "non-verbal tics" for elevating the dialogue. Robbie Collin of "The Daily Telegraph" wrote, ""Stars at Noon" is at its best when it has Trish and Daniel suspended in horny limbo, with Denis building an atmosphere of sultry languor that makes the film feel as if it's constantly stretching and circling, like a sleepy cat." In a 4 out of 5 star review, Nicholas Barber of BBC praised the film's "beguiling, immersive" quality and Qualley's "firecracker energy" but found the dialogue confusing and the plot drifted too much.


title: Stars at Noon (2022 film)

text: David Rooney of "The Hollywood Reporter" deemed the film to be "a major misfire." Charles Bramesco of "The Playlist" called it "marred by compromise at every phase of its production, it's a rare misfire from one of our most accomplished living auteurs, excusable only on merit of her past successes." In a 3 out of 5 star review, Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" felt the film was "reasonably acted" but concluded that "the romantic passion and duplicity don't come across as strongly as they might have done with leads who had a stronger chemistry." Bradshaw characterized Qualley and Alywn's performances as sometimes "callow" and felt they were both "outclassed" by Safdie's performance, however Bradshaw commended Qualley for "nicely [conveying] neediness, alcoholism and self-reproach" in her performance. Caspar Salmon of "The Daily Beast" agreed, writing, "Both are miscast, both lack chemistry, and neither of them has a very fun time with the dialogue." Todd McCarthy of "Deadline Hollywood" wrote that "Qualley is pretty engaging in the early going" but lamented that the film is "thoroughly lacking in political context, psychological nuances, investigation of local conditions and simple suspense that the whole thing just collapses from the lack of any sturdy dramatic fortifications." Tara Brady of "The Irish Times" gave the film 1 out of 5 stars, writing that the film was "undone by bad timing, repetition, general disarray, and the framing of the female lead as Holly Golightly." Ryan Leston "/Film" called the film "so slow it doesn't really seem to go anywhere." Iana Murray of "The Skinny" said the film "moves so slowly that it's stagnant" and criticized Alwyn's performance and casting, but called Qualley's performance "magnetic".


title: V. K. Singh

text: General Vijay Kumar Singh, (born 10 May 1950) is an Indian politician and a former four-star General in the Indian Army. He is the current Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and Ministry of Civil Aviation in the Second Modi ministry. He previously served as Minister of State for External Affairs, Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Development of the North-Eastern Region and Minister of State for Statistics and Programme Implementation in the First Modi ministry.


title: V. K. Singh

text: During his military career, Singh served as the 24th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) from 2010 to 2012. Singh took the Government of India to court in a dispute over his date of birth and subsequent retirement, becoming the first serving Indian Chief of the Army Staff to take legal action against the Indian government.


title: V. K. Singh

text: After his retirement from the military, Singh joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 2014 and was elected as Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha for the Ghaziabad constituency of Uttar Pradesh in that year's general election. He was re-elected to the same seat in 2019.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh was born on 10th of May 1950 to Captain (later Colonel) Jagat Singh, an officer then serving in the 14th battalion The Rajput Regiment of the Indian Army, and Krishna Kumari, at the Military Hospital at Pune. He was born into the Tomar clan of Rajputs, with roots in the Bapora village in the Bhiwani district of Haryana. His paternal grandfather, Daffadar Mukhram Singh, served with the 3rd Cavalry. All five brothers of his father served in the Army, either joining the 1st Horse (Skinner's Horse) or the 7th Rajput Regiment. His maternal grandfather, Subedar Shimbu Singh, also served in the Army and hailed from the Bohra Kalan village in the Gurgaon district. His village had been founded by the Rajput rulers and frequently involved in fighting with the Mughal and has produced many warriors. He was inspired by men who served the Army from the British times.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh's mother was diagnosed with terminal cancer and passed away in 1952. He was raised by his maternal grandparents before his father remarried and he went to live with them for a few years. At the age of 8, he enrolled at the Birla Public School, a boarding school in Pilani, Rajasthan. He joined the National Cadet Corps during his schooling and served in all three wings.


title: V. K. Singh

text: He qualified in the entrance exam and having filled 'Air Force' as his first choice, he appeared before the No. 1 Air Force Selection Board in Dehradun. He entered the National Defence Academy (NDA) in 1966. A part of the 'HUNTER' squadron, he held a number of cadet appointments at the NDA. He became a Corporal in his fifth term, the battalion cadet captain (BCC) in his sixth term, and officiated as the Academy Cadet Captain (ACC) for a short while. In his fifth term, on the request of his father, he was moved from the Air Force to Army.


title: V. K. Singh

text: After graduating from the NDA, he entered the Indian Military Academy (IMA) in June 1969. He was assigned to 'Cassino' Company at the academy. He was appointed senior under officer (SUO) in his fourth term. He passed out from the IMA in 1970, placed in the top ten in the merit list.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh career in Military was of 42 years from the year 1970 to 2012. He started his career when he was commissioned in the 2nd Battalion of Rajput Regiment after graduating from Indian Military Academy and retired after serving as the Chief of Army Staff (India). He has been a part of many wars and recipient of many Army honours.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh was commissioned into the 2nd Battalion of the Rajput Regiment (Kali Chindi) on 14 June 1970. The battalion was among the oldest in the Indian Army, having been raised in 1798 as 1/16 Bengal Native Infantry. He joined the battalion in Delhi, where it was garrisoned in the Red Fort and the Rashtrapathi Bhavan. He was slotted into 'C' company of the battalion. He attended the Young Officers (YOs) course at the Infantry School in Mhow in November 1970. He completed the course and joined his battalion in early 1971 in Tamulpur in Assam where the battalion had moved. Before the outbreak of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was appointed Intelligence Officer (IO) of the battalion. The battalion moved to Meghalaya in mid-1971 and fought the war, entering East Pakistan from the east. Singh served as the IO through the war. He was at that time a junior Officer in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation war and he was at Assam at that time. He was a witness of 1971 Bangladesh genocide by Pakistan Army officers and enlisted soldiers, and described the treatment of the people of Bangladesh by the Pakistan Army as akin to Nazism. He commented:


title: V. K. Singh

text: He was very much inspired by Sam Manekshaw and was a follower of his ideology and learnt leadership from him, after he met him after the War of India and Pakistan in 1971. After the war, the battalion went to Bhutan on a training exercise with the Royal Bhutan Army. In 1973, he was nominated to attend the battalion support weapons course at Mhow. After finishing the course and returning to the battalion, in early 1974, he was again sent to attend the winter warfare course at Gulmarg. In mid-1974, he was posted to the Infantry School as an instructor in the platoon weapons division.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In late 1975, Singh was one of two officers selected to attend the United States Army Ranger School at Fort Benning, Georgia in the United States. The Ranger course is 62 days long and is aimed at small unit tactics and leadership. During this course, he was assigned to Whisky company of the 75th Ranger Regiment. He performed well in the physically-extracting course, which started with over 300 students and ended with only about 90 graduating. He was graded an honours graduate since he had graded more than 80%. Since he was a graduate of the Ranger School, he was permitted to wear the coveted Ranger tab on his uniform.


title: V. K. Singh

text: After completing the course, he returned to India and was posted to the Commando School at Belgaum. After a year at the school, he moved back to his battalion in Secunderabad but was immediately selected to attend the Junior Command course at the College of Combat in Mhow. He finished the course and joined his battalion and was given command of a company. Two months later, he was selected to attend the winter warfare advanced course at the High Altitude Warfare School at Gulmarg.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In April 1978, Singh came back to his battalion which was to move to Poonch for its operational tenure along the Line of Control. He commanded the 'A' company of the battalion during this tenure. Later that year, he was posted to the Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT) in Bhutan. He served as an instructor at IMTRAT for about two years. After his return from Bhutan, he was transferred to a new unit, the 25th battalion of the Rajput Regiment (25 Rajput) at Fatehgarh. He was given command of the Delta company of the battalion.


title: V. K. Singh

text: The battalion then moved to Alwar where Singh served as a company commander. In March 1982, he was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, having secured a competitive vacancy. After completing the year-long course, he was posted as General Staff Officer 2 (GSO-2) in the Military Operations (MO) Directorate at Army headquarters. His tenure at the MO directorate was an eventful one. He had a ring-side view during Operation Meghdoot in early 1984, Operation Blue Star later that year, Operation Brasstacks in late 1986 and the 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish in the Sumdorong Chu Valley.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In mid-1987, he joined his battalion as a company commander. In July, as part of the 76 Infantry Brigade, the battalion moved to Chennai and embarked for Sri Lanka on the Tank Landing Ship . Inducted as part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force, they landed at Trincomalee. He spent the next two years in Sri Lanka fighting the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In mid-1988, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and was appointed second-in-command of the battalion. On 26 January 1990, he was awarded the Yudh Seva Medal for leading an operation which eliminated 6 LTTE men.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In late 1989, Singh was approved to be promoted to the rank of Colonel and cleared to command a battalion. In early 1990, the battalion embarked for Mumbai. Shortly thereafter, Singh was appointed Chief Instructor of the Commando School at Belgaum, where he had earlier served as an instructor. He was earmarked by the Colonel of the Regiment to take over command of 24 Rajput, but Singh was determined to get back to his old battalion (2 Rajput) or take over the battalion he served with in Sri Lanka (25 Rajput). After a few months, he was appointed Commanding Officer of 2 Rajput. The battalion was in Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir along the Line of Control. It was a part of the 80 Brigade under the 25th Infantry Division. He commanded the battalion for about two years in Nowshera, before taking the unit to its peace location in Faizabad. The tenure started off in a tense environment - the Demolition of the Babri Masjid in December 1992, when the battalion was on the move to Faizabad.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh also made a cameo appearance in the 1991 Hindi film , starring Nana Patekar, Madhuri Dixit and Dimple Kapadia.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In June 1994, Singh was selected to attend the Higher Command Course at the Army War College, Mhow. After the ten-month course, he was appointed Colonel General Staff (Col GS) of the 12th Infantry Division at Jodhpur. He spent close to three years in this appointment under two division commanders. In 1998, he was promoted acting Brigadier and appointed Commander of the 168 Infantry Brigade in Samba, Jammu and Kashmir. As Brigade commander, he had four infantry battalions and two Border Security Force units under his command. A year into his command, the Kargil War broke out and all units were on high alert. He was in command of the brigade till mid-2000.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In June 2000, Singh was selected to attend the United States Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the United States. He performed well at the War College and was graded 'exceptional' in the course. After the course, he returned to India and was appointed Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of Jalandhar based XI Corps. He served in this appointment during Operation Parakram when Indian troops were mobilised on the border in the wake of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh was promoted to the rank of Major General and appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) Victor Force - a division-sized formation in the Rashtriya Rifles in Jammu and Kashmir. The Victor Force is responsible for the districts of Anantnag, Pulwama, Shopian, Kulgam and Budgam. For his distinguished service as GOC Victor Force, he was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 2003. After a one-and-a-half tenure, he took over as the Chief of Staff (COS) of the XV Corps. As the COS and the officiating Corps Commander, he was involved in the relief operations in the aftermath of the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the deadliest earthquake to hit South Asia since the 1935 Quetta earthquake.


title: V. K. Singh

text: On 15 April 2006, Singh was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and shortly thereafter appointed General Officer Commanding II Corps at Ambala. He was at the helm of the Strike Corps for about two years. On 25 February 2008, he was promoted to Army Commander grade and appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command. For distinguished service of the highest order, he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 2009.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh became the 24th Chief of Army Staff on 31 March 2010, and was the first commando to achieve that position. Towards the end of his career, a dispute regarding his date of birth arose; Singh took the Government of India to court and become the first serving officer of the Indian Army to do so. Because of an error made in 1965 when he enrolled with the National Defence Academy, official records misstated the year in which he was born. Singh withdrew the writ in February 2012 when, according to "The Hindu", the Supreme Court of India "refused to intervene". The Court noted there was no dispute regarding his actual date of birth and that the matter being contested was the way in which it had been recorded. It ruled Singh had on three occasions accepted the misrecorded date.


title: V. K. Singh

text: The BBC noted in 2012 that defence experts considered a drive to modernise the Indian army had suffered from "a lack of planning and acrimony between the military and the defence ministry". This report followed an interview given by Singh in March 2012 that caused a political row. According to Singh, over a year earlier he had reported to A. K. Antony, the defence minister, that he had been offered a bribe of 2.7 million if the army bought several hundred sub-standard vehicles. Antony issued a rebuttal to the interview, saying he had requested a written report from Singh regarding the incident and that this had never been submitted. Two days after the interview with Singh, a correspondence between V.K. Singh and the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was leaked. The correspondence criticised the standard of India's defences and caused another political row.


title: V. K. Singh

text: After his retirement from the military, Singh showed support for the anti-corruption movement. He was seen on the stage in August 2012 at Ramlila Maidan in New Delhi, where the yoga instructor Ramdev was fasting in protest of alleged black money and corruption. Singh was reported to have said, "It is shocking but true that over two lakh farmers have committed suicide since 1995. The problems of farmers will have to take the forefront in this movement as the government has turned a blind eye to their woes." Around that time he also said the anti-corruption movement, whose principal figurehead was Anna Hazare, to that of the Bihar Movement that was led by Jayaprakash Narayan in 1975. Singh said, "When I evaluate the country's present condition, it is similar to that of 1975. Jayaprakash Narayan had then said 'Vacate the throne, common people are coming'. He felt then that corruption is the root of all problems ... the situation in the country is the same today."


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh and Ramdev led a demonstration on 23 December 2012 at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, on the 2012 Delhi gang rape case. Singh joined the BJP on 1 March 2014. He won the Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency) seat in the 2014 Indian general election, defeating Raj Babbar of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 567,260 votes. He was re-elected in a landslide during the 2019 Indian general election.


title: V. K. Singh

text: In May 2014, Singh was appointed as Minister of State of External Affairs and Minister of state (independent charge) for North East Region in the NDA-led Indian government. He was relieved of responsibility for the North East Region in November 2014, when Jitendra Singh replaced him.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh is praised for leading Operation Raahat, a rescue mission to evacuate Indian citizens and other foreign nationals from Yemen during 2015 Yemeni Crisis. Prime Minister Narendra Modi in April 2015 said, “I believe this is the first time in the world that a government minister has stood on the battlefield like a soldier to do this work ... I salute General V. K. Singh.” In May 2019, Singh became Minister of State for Road Transport and Highways.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Singh is married to Bharti Singh. Bharti complained of an occurrence of blackmail and extortion by a man of Gurugram. She and Singh have two daughters, Yogja Singh and Mrinali Singh. Yogja is married to Dr. Anirudh Singh who is the son of Lt. Gen. Ashok Singh.


title: V. K. Singh

text: Aside from his career in defence and politics, his interests are sport, horse riding, and reading. He has written an autobiography, "Courage and Conviction", covering his career and experience in the Indian Army.


title: V. K. Singh

text: He has often been embroiled in controversy over his comments on social issues and topics of national importance. From a family with a military background, he is open in his expression of nationalism. He faced criticism over his battle to have the army's record of his date of birth rectified. The dispute culminated in a Supreme Court case. Singh failed in his attempt to have the Army's anomalous record of two different birth dates amended to reflect the later date. The court ruled that the Ministry of Defence could act to enforce his retirement according to the earlier 1950 date, given that Singh had previously agreed to the Army's use of the 1950 date when granting him promotions and awards. The court did not dispute the fact that his actual date of birth was in 1951.


title: V. K. Singh

text: During his service as the COAS, Singh was appointed honorary Aide-de-camp to the President of India. He served as the Colonel of the Rajput Regiment and as the honorary Colonel of the Brigade of Guards, by virtue of being the Army Chief. On 11 March 2011, he was inducted into the United States Army War College Class of 2001 graduates International Fellows Hall of Fame. He is the 33rd International Fellow and the first officer from the Indian Armed Forces to be inducted. He was inspired by the legacy of Sam Manekshaw in the 1971 Indo Pak war when he was a junior officer in Army.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The (lit. "Reading-selling Newspaper" or "Selling by Reading Newspaper") is a Japanese newspaper published in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and other major Japanese cities. It is one of the five major newspapers in Japan; the other four are the "Asahi Shimbun", the "Chunichi Shimbun (Tokyo Shimbun)" the "Mainichi Shimbun", and the "Nihon Keizai Shimbun". It is headquartered in Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.""


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: It is a newspaper that represents Tokyo and generally has a conservative orientation. It is one of Japan's leading newspapers, along with the Osaka-based liberal (Third way) Asahi Shimbun and the Nagoya-based Social democratic Chunichi Shimbun.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: It is published by regional bureaus, all of them subsidiaries of The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings, Japan's largest media conglomerate by revenue and the second largest media conglomerate by size behind Sony, which is privately held and controlled, directly and indirectly, by the Shōriki family - descendants and relatives of Matsutarō Shōriki. The Holdings has been owned by the family since Matsutarō Shōriki's purchase of the newspaper in 1924 (currently owning a total of 45.26% stock); despite its control, the family is not involved in its executive operations.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: Founded in 1874, the "Yomiuri Shimbun" is credited with having the largest newspaper circulation in the world as of 2019, having a morning circulation of 7.0 million as of June 2021. The paper is printed twice a day and in several different local editions.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: "Yomiuri Shimbun" established the Yomiuri Prize in 1949. Its winners have included Yukio Mishima and Haruki Murakami.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The "Yomiuri" was launched in 1874 by the Nisshusha newspaper company as a small daily newspaper. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s the paper came to be known as a literary arts publication with its regular inclusion of work by writers such as Ozaki Kōyō.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: In 1924, Shoriki Matsutaro took over management of the company. His innovations included improved news coverage, a full-page radio program guide, and the establishment of Japan's first professional baseball team, now known as the Yomiuri Giants. The emphasis of the paper shifted to broad news coverage aimed at readers in the Tokyo area. By 1941 it had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the Tokyo area. In 1942, under wartime conditions, it merged with the "Hochi Shimbun" and became known as the "Yomiuri-Hochi".


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The "Yomiuri" was the center of a labor scandal in 1945 and 1946. In October 1945, a postwar "democratization group" called for the removal of Shoriki Matsutaro, who had supported Imperial Japan's policies during World War II. When Shoriki responded by firing five of the leading members of this group, the writers and editors launched the first "production control" strike on 27 October 1945. This method of striking became an important union tactic in the coal, railroad, and other industries during the postwar period. Shoriki Matsutaro was arrested in December 1945 as a Class-A war criminal and sent to Sugamo Prison. The "Yomiuri"'s employees continued to produce the paper without heeding executive orders until a police raid on June 21, 1946. The charges against Shoriki were dropped and he was released in 1948. According to research by Professor Tetsuo Arima of Waseda University on declassified documents stored at NARA, he agreed to work with the CIA as an informant.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: In February 2009, the "Yomiuri" entered into a tie-up with "The Wall Street Journal" for editing, printing and distribution. Since March 2009 the major news headlines of the "Journal"'s Asian edition have been summarized in Japanese in the evening edition of the "Yomiuri".


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The "Yomiuri" has a history of promoting nuclear power in Japan. In May 2011, when Naoto Kan, then Prime Minister of Japan, asked the Chubu Electric Power Company to shut down several of its Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plants due to safety concerns, the "Yomiuri" called the request "abrupt" and a difficult situation for Chubu Electric's shareholders. It wrote that Kan "should seriously reflect on the way he made his request." It then followed up with an article wondering how dangerous Hamaoka really was and called Kan's request "a political judgment that went beyond technological worthiness." The next day damage to the pipes inside the condenser was discovered at one of the plants following a leak of seawater into the reactor.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: In 2012, the paper reported that Nobutaka Tsutsui, the Minister for Agriculture, had divulged secret information to a Chinese enterprise. Tsutsui sued the "Yomiuri Shimbun" for libel and was awarded 3.3 million yen in damages in 2015, on the basis that the truth of the allegations could not be confirmed.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: In November 2014, the newspaper apologized after using the phrase "sex slave" to refer to comfort women, following its criticism of the "Asahi Shimbun"s coverage of Japan's World War II comfort women system.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The "Yomiuri" newspaper said in an editorial in 2011 "No written material supporting the claim that government and military authorities were involved in the forcible and systematic recruitment of comfort women has been discovered", and that it regarded the Asian Women's Fund, set up to compensate for wartime abuses, as a failure based on a misunderstanding of history. "The New York Times" reported on similar statements previously, writing that "The nation's (Japan's) largest newspaper, Yomiuri Shimbun, applauded the revisions" regarding removing the word "forcibly" from referring to laborers brought to Japan in the prewar period and revising the comfort women controversy. "Yomiuri" editorials have also opposed the DPJ government and denounced denuclearization as "not a viable option".


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: Yomiuri also publishes "The Japan News" (formerly called "The Daily Yomiuri"), one of Japan's largest English-language newspapers. It publishes the daily "Hochi Shimbun", a sport-specific daily newspaper, as well as weekly and monthly magazines and books.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings owns the Chuokoron-Shinsha publishing company, which it acquired in 1999, and the Nippon Television network. It is a member of the Asia News Network. The paper is known as the de facto financial patron of the baseball team Yomiuri Giants. They also sponsor the Japan Fantasy Novel Award annually. It has been a sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup every time it has been held in Japan since 2006.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: In November 1999, the "Yomiuri Shimbun" released a CD-ROM titled "The Yomiuri Shimbun in the Meiji Era," which provided searchable archives of news articles and images from the period that have been digitalized from microfilm. This was the first time a newspaper made it possible to search digitalized images of newspaper pictures and articles as they appeared in print.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: Subsequent CD-ROMs, "The Taishō Era", "The pre-war Showa Era I", and "The pre-war Showa era II" were completed eight years after the project was first conceived. "Postwar Recovery", the first part of a postwar Shōwa Era series that includes newspaper stories and images until 1960, is on the way.


title: Yomiuri Shimbun

text: The system of indexing each newspaper article and image makes the archives easier to search, and the CD-ROMs have been well received by users as a result. This digital resource is available in most major academic libraries in the United States.


title: 1920 (film)

text: 1920 is a 2008 Indian period drama supernatural horror film written and directed by Vikram Bhatt. Filmed in Hindi, the plot revolves around the events surrounding a married couple living in a haunted house in the year 1920. The film stars debutant actors Rajneesh Duggal and Adah Sharma as the married couple, along with Indraneil Sengupta in a special role. Loosely inspired by the 1973 horror film "The Exorcist", it is the first installment of the "1920" film series, which was a commercial success. The film was also dubbed into Telugu and Tamil, under the title "1920 Gayathri". A sequel, "", was released in 2012 to mixed reviews and commercial success.


title: 1920 (film)

text: In 1920 India, Arjun Singh Rathod is a well-known architect who has gone against his wealthy Hindu family's wishes to marry a half caste British Indian girl – Lisa. His family ambush his car en route to Bombay, assaulting him badly and setting the car on fire in an attempt to kill Lisa. Due to this, Arjun, once a deeply religious and devout Hindu, shuns his beliefs and abandons his family for his wife.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Meanwhile, in Palampur, a rich businessman has acquired a stately old manor home and plans to turn it into a boutique hotel. However, his estate manager MK, has difficulty in retaining an architect for the place as the two prior men both died under mysterious circumstances. Arjun wins the contract, so he and Lisa move into the manor as he begins his survey of the property.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Lisa begins experiencing strange noises and feels afraid, upon questioning Balwant, the caretaker, to confirm her suspicions, he rebuffs her and hints that she may have imagined it. Arjun attributes her experiences to anxiety from their recent escape and the fact that the countryside is quieter than the city. When he visits MK, he points out there is a sealed room at the back of the manor he will need access to as he needs to survey every part of the house. The manager readily agrees and tells him he has full authority to do as he wishes within the house as the owner was wanting to start the business as soon as possible. Lisa in the meantime, explores the house and finds the sealed room but the door is now open – inside she discovers a library with a beautiful piano and a portrait of a beautiful woman in Indian royal dress. She plays the piano however is disturbed by the feeling of someone watching – later that evening she and Arjun argue when she finds the room is sealed again and he refuses to believe her description of the room.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Balwant feels it is dangerous to allow people into the manor due to prior deaths, he accuses MK of being aware of the manor's dark secrets as he refuses to visit the house due to his own fears, but MK threatens to fire him and gives him money to buy his silence.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Lisa, in an attempt to gain solace, visits the village church where she befriends Father Thomas. Confiding her worries and fears to him, Father Thomas reassures her that he will come by the house to bless it. Meanwhile, Arjun has workers remove the doors of the library and is amazed that Lisa's description of the room was correct. Later that night, Lisa is tormented by an unknown spirit into the library where she sees the portrait has a name on the bottom – ‘Gayatri’. The next day, Arjun leaves to survey the vast property for a few hours and Lisa has Father Thomas bless the house, during which he discovers the manor is cursed and has held onto its dark past – later that night, Father Thomas is tormented by a spirit whispering in Latin. He rushes to the church archives where his colleague discovers the phrase means the house and its spirit are warning the church away.


title: 1920 (film)

text: The next day, he rushes to the manor to warn the occupants but discovers Arjun has taken Lisa to Delhi for a few weeks for a high-profile meeting with the project suppliers. Father Thomas begs Balwant to pass on a message to Lisa and Arjun that it is dangerous for them to stay in the house, and he promises to do so. On the road to Delhi, Arjun's carriage is stopped by soldiers who inform them the roads are dangerous due to rebel fighting further down the roads. As Arjun cannot afford to waste time, he leaves Lisa at home and proceeds on with his trip with armed guards. Balwant refuses to pass on Father Thomas’ message when Lisa comes home, and she falls badly sick after a night of terrors. The church windows begin to bleed and Father Thomas fears Lisa is at great risk.


title: 1920 (film)

text: When Arjun comes home to a gravely ill wife, he enlists a doctor's help who urges him to get her admitted to the hospital. Father Thomas tries to tell Arjun that Lisa is possessed but he is not believed – at the hospital Lisa's condition worsens as the spirit finally manifests itself. When the doctor and his staff attempt to sedate her, the spirit informs everyone of how the doctor raped his superior's young daughter by sedating her in that very room. Shaken by his secret being let out, the doctor agrees to let Arjun try religious methods to save Lisa. Arjun visits MK and forces him to tell him the truth – but as the owner had only purchased the property two years prior, MK can only give the name of the prior caretaker – Radha, who left to live in Naya Nagar when the property ownership changed.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Arjun leaves Lisa in the care of church members and goes to Naya Nagar where he tracks Radha, now old, down. Radha reveals that the house was once owned by Rai Bahadur, a wealthy Indian of royal descent. In 1857, when Radha was a child, he was away fighting the British, leaving his daughter Gayatri and her maid servants Kesar Ma and Radha to run the estate with two old male servants. One night, the manor occupants are disturbed by screams and find a man in the Indian Army uniform, staggering around the property badly wounded. He states his name is Mohan Kant and that he barely escaped the slaughter of his unit – one of the groups Gayatri's father was leading, where over 90 men died to the British. The family sympathise and dedicate their time to getting him better, believing he is a patriot. During this time, Mohan becomes infatuated with Gayatri's beauty and she grows close to him.


title: 1920 (film)

text: A few days later, Kesar Ma catches him secretly liaising with a British soldier during the night and confronts him. He kills and dumps her body in the well and lies to Gayatri, stating she has gone home to her village where a relative was badly ill. Gayatri becomes suspicious but is interrupted by Radha's terrified state. Following her to the well, they discover Kesar Ma's body. Gayatri then searches Mohan Kant's belongings, discovering to her horror that he was a British spy who was responsible for the death of the unit as he leaked information to his commanding officer, betraying the Indian patriots and that he was waiting to go undercover for his protection.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Gayatri sends Radha with the messages to her father's outpost in order to get help, she chooses to stay behind to seduce Mohan to delay his departure. She consummates the farce in the library long enough for her father to arrive with his troops and hang Mohan in the same room. He vows to haunt the manor awaiting her soul so he can take it with him to hell. Rai Bahadur refuses to acknowledge his daughter's sacrifice, sealing the room and disowning her for bringing shame to the family for sleeping with a traitor – banishing her to her grandmother's where she dies unwed and alone on 18th November 1896. Arjun surmises that this was the same night that Lisa was born, deducing that Gayatri and his wife share the same soul hence Mohan's current obsession in possessing her, the spirit was attempting to kill Lisa in order to fulfil his vow. He ruminates on Lisa's experiences in the house with regret, stating that his wife tried telling him many times that something was wrong with the house, but he had rebuffed her fears as baseless and silly, then rushes home.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Father Thomas tells Arjun he now has less than 24 hours to oust the spirit as the next day was the night of the new moon at which time the spirit would have full control of Lisa's soul thus killing her. He suggests an exorcism. The church refuses to authorize the procedure without the bishop's permission but this would be no later than two weeks by which time it would be too late. Father Thomas defies his superior's orders and proceeds with the ritual. During the exorcism, Balwant and Father Thomas die due to the strength of the spirit, Arjun takes up the process but is forced to re-evaluate his atheist stance in renouncing his faith. Finally he is able to succeed by using the Hanuman Chalisa. The spirit of Mohan is destroyed and Lisa is free.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Afterward, Arjun completes the project and he acknowledges his faith stating that Gayatri's soul was reborn looking for the love she was denied and now she and the manor were at peace.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Director Vikram Bhatt's previous films "Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage" (2002), "Deewane Huye Paagal" (2005) and "Life Mein Kabhie Kabhiee" were termed as box-office failures in the media. Speaking in corroboration, Bhatt felt the need for introspection for making inconsequential cinema. His want to make a horror film stemmed from the visuals of a chariot riding through the mist that constantly played in his mind. Claiming it to be his most ambitious project to date, Bhatt took a year and a half to complete the script, which was more powerful than his earlier film "Raaz" (2002).


title: 1920 (film)

text: Though Bhatt was looking to cast newcomers, he did not conduct any auditions for the film. Instead, when Rajneesh Duggal and Adah Sharma came to his office, his search for the lead cast ended. For their enthusiasm and efforts, Bhatt was delighted to work with them. Sharma found Bhatt to be a very calm, composed and patient director to work with. Duggal, who won the 2003 Mr. India title, was a New Delhi-based model in the fashion industry. While filming, both of them felt quite comfortable working with each other.


title: 1920 (film)

text: For scouting for an appropriate location for filming, the production house hired six location managers who visited about 12 countries over a period of six months before settling down on Allerton Castle, North Yorkshire, England. When Bhatt saw the images of this house, he was convinced that it would be the real protagonist of his film. This mansion was owned by a billionaire who lived with his wife, and he killed a carpenter. The carpenter's spirit is rumoured to be haunting the place. Bhatt and Sharma experienced an unusual incident while filming at this house. Inside the mansion, a huge portrait of the lady is hung on one of its walls. When they attempted to take a photograph of this portrait, the picture always came out blurred, no matter what angle they took it from.


title: 1920 (film)

text: One of the producers of the movie, Surendra Sharma, said "never has a supernatural thriller been attempted in a period setting and made at this scale." His father-cinematographer Pravin Bhatt and he decided to shoot in candlelight to recreate the conditions during the year of setting – 1920. At the same time, they hoped to fill every frame with artistry and create the eeriness of a cold haunting. Director Bhatt watched a lot footage of true accounts of poltergeists and hauntings. In addition, he wanted to establish the same style of portraits of this period. To achieve this, instead of resorting to computer graphics, he asked Anjorie Alag, the supporting actress to pose for five hours in front of an artist. The entire shoot was completed in a 12-hour night shift for 18 days during the winter.


title: 1920 (film)

text: To further enhance the effect of horror for this film, Ashoke Chowdhury and Indraneil Roy were hired to work on the visual effects. When they approached Bhatt and showed him samples of their previous work, they were hired with the instructions that he expected good, international quality work. During their work, the film was treated digitally using a specialized software. Using this, they were able to make glasses break and generate smoke. They made use of techniques such as chroma, rotoscoping and wire-rigs for levitation. One of their most challenging scenes in the film was to recreate Mumbai's Victoria Terminus as it was in 1920. This required them 40 days of work.


title: 1920 (film)

text: Several scenes within the movie are identical to scenes in "The Exorcist", "The Exorcism of Emily Rose", "Stigmata" and "One Missed Call".


title: 1920 (film)

text: While Adnan Sami composed the music for the film, Sameer penned the lyrics. Pandit Jasraj, Shubha Mudgal, Parveen Sultana, Asha Bhosle and Kailash Kher feature in the soundtrack.


title: 1920 (film)

text: A coffee-table book, with trivia and in-depth detail about the film, was launched prior to the film's release. Bhatt thought that the audience will find it better to read about the film before its release. The film was released on 12 September 2008.


title: 1920 (film)

text: The film gained mixed reviews from critics. Nikhat Kazmi of "The Times of India" commented that Adah Sharma "delivers a consummate performance". Ashok Nayak from nowrunning.com wrote: "1920 doesn't manage to hold your attention throughout. It's scary in parts and funny at times. Don't expect much at the box-office". The movie has enough power to generate attention as well as attachment to its viewers.


title: 1920 (film)

text: "1920" grossed in its first week. It further grossed and in second and third weeks respectively, thus collecting on his total box office collection. The time when there was no multiplex theatres are available and the ticket charges were low. The movie is considerably successful and hit in 2008.


title: 1920 (film)

text: A sequel called "" was also released in 2012, starring Aftab Shivdasani and Tia Bajpai. It grossed in his theatrical run. Its third installment is 1920 London starring Sharman Joshi, Meera Chopra and Vishal Karwal. The film has been released on 6 May 2016. Another sequel titled 1921 (2018 film) has been released on 11 January 2018, with Zareen Khan playing the main lead.


title: Carrie Kemper

text: Carrie Kemper (born March 16, 1984) is an American television writer who worked as a staff writer on the NBC sitcom "The Office". She is the sister of actress Ellie Kemper.


title: Carrie Kemper

text: Kemper worked as a staff writer on "The Office" from the beginning of the show's seventh season. She wrote the episodes "Ultimatum" (season 7, episode 13); "Spooked" (season 8, episode 5); "The Whale", in which she appeared as Jan Levinson's assistant Molly (season 9, episode 7); and "Junior Salesman" (season 9, episode 13). In 2010, Kemper and 21 other writers shared a Writers Guild of America award nomination for their work on "The Office".


title: Carrie Kemper

text: In 2013, she had a brief appearance in the "Arrested Development" episode "Smashed" as Mrs. Astronaut Lovel.


title: Carrie Kemper

text: In 2014, she joined "Silicon Valley" as a writer and producer. In 2019, she won a Writers Guild of America Award for her work on "Nathan for You".


title: Air on the G String

text: "Air on the G String", also known as "Air for G String" and "Celebrated Air", is August Wilhelmj's 1871 arrangement of the second movement of Johann Sebastian Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068.


title: Air on the G String

text: The arrangement differs from the original in that the part of the first violins is transposed down so that the entire piece can be played on just the violin's lowest string (the G string). In performance, that part is generally played by a single violin (instead of by the first violins as a group).


title: Air on the G String

text: Bach's third Orchestral Suite in D major, composed in the first half of the 18th century, has an "Air" as second movement, following its French overture opening movement. The suite is composed for three trumpets, timpani, two oboes, strings (two violin parts and a viola part), and basso continuo. In the second movement of the suite however only the strings and the continuo play. This is the only movement of the suite where all other instruments are silent.


title: Air on the G String

text: The music of the "Air" is written on four staves, for first and second violins, viola(s), and continuo. The interweaving melody lines of the high strings contrast with the pronounced rhythmic drive in the bass.


title: Air on the G String

text: In 1871, violinist August Wilhelmj arranged the second movement of Bach's third Orchestral Suite for violin and an accompaniment of strings, piano or organ (harmonium). On the score he wrote (on the G string) above the staff for the solo violin, which gave the arrangement its nickname.


title: Air on the G String

text: In Wilhelmj's version the piece is transposed down from its original key (D major) to C major. Then the part of the first violins is transposed further down an octave and given to a solo violin that can play the entire melody on its lowest string, the G string. The dynamic markings added by Wilhelmj are more in line with a romantic interpretation than with the baroque original.


title: Air on the G String

text: As a violin can't play very loudly in its lowest register, all the other parts of Bach's music were firmly reduced in Wilhelmj's version: the keyboard part is to be played staccato and pianissimo, causing the effects of interweaving melodies and of drive in the bass part to get lost. The accompanying violins and violas play muted ("con sordino"), and the bass part for cellos and double basses is to be played pizzicato and , with the same change in effect compared to Bach's original.


title: Air on the G String

text: Later, a spurious story circulated that the melody was always intended to be played on the G string alone. The solo violin part of Wilhelmj's arrangement is sometimes played on the counter-tenor violoncello.


title: Air on the G String

text: Wilhelmj's arrangement greatly popularized the piece and although his version is rarely played anymore, his original title "on the G string" or "Air on the G string" has been retained as the commonly used name of various arrangements whether or not a string instrument playing on its G string is involved. Most of these versions have in common that the original melody of the first violins is played in the low register of a solo instrument, accompanied by a reduction of the material of the other parts of Bach's piece, although occasionally versions that stay more in line with Bach's original can go by the same name.


title: Air on the G String

text: In a period that stretched over three decades, and started in 1905, Henry Wood regularly programmed Wilhelmj's arrangement at the London Proms. Wood recorded his orchestral rendering (i.e., the G string part performed by a group of violins) of the Bach/Wilhelmj "Air" in the early 1930s.


title: Air on the G String

text: Recordings of Wilhelmj's "Air on the G String" arrangement, from the era preceding the Second World War, include:


title: Air on the G String

text: Soldat-Roeger's recorded performance of the "Air on the G String" was the subject of scholarly analysis.


title: Air on the G String

text: In the early 20th century, Joseph Joachim called Wilhelmj's arrangement "a shameless falsification of a work by Bach". In 's "XYZ der Muziek" (1936, here quoted from the 1939 edition):


title: Air on the G String

text: British musicologist Donald Francis Tovey likewise criticized Wihelmj's arrangement, stating that "At my concerts [the Air] will be heard as Bach wrote it, in its original D major as an angelic soprano strain, not in C major as a display of contralto depths."


title: Culture of the Southern United States

text: The culture of the Southern United States, Southern culture, or Southern heritage, is a subculture of the United States. The combination of its unique history and the fact that many Southerners maintain—and even nurture—an identity separate from the rest of the country has led to it being the most studied and written-about region of the U.S.


title: Culture of the Southern United States

text: During the 1600s to mid-1800s, the central role of agriculture and slavery during the colonial period and antebellum era economies made society stratified according to land ownership. This landed gentry made culture in the early Southern United States differ from areas north of the Mason–Dixon line and west of the Appalachians. The upland areas of the South were characterized by yeoman farmers who worked on their small landed property with few or no slaves, while the lower-lying elevations and deep south was a society of more plantations worked by African slave labor. Events such as the First Great Awakening (1730s–1750s), would strengthen Protestantism in the South and United States as a whole. Communities would often develop strong attachment to their churches as the primary community institution.


title: Culture of the Southern United States

text: From its many cultural influences, the South developed its own unique customs, dialects, arts, literature, cuisine, dance, and music.


title: Culture of the Southern United States

text: Starting in the early 1600s and lasting to the mid-1800s, slavery played an outsized role in shaping the culture, politics, and economy of the South. This included its agricultural practices, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and ensuing segregation in the United States. Southern yeoman farmers, subsistence farmers who owned few or no slaves, comprised a large portion of the population during the colonial period and antebellum years, which settled largely in the back country and uplands. Their way of living and culture would differ sharply than that of the planter class. The climate of the region is conducive to growing tobacco, cotton, and other crops, and the red clay in many areas was used for the distinctive red-brick architecture of many commercial buildings.


title: Culture of the Southern United States

text: The presence and practices of Native Americans, along with the region's landscape also played a role in shaping Southern culture. Events such as the First Great Awakening (1730s–1750s) would help establish the growth of Protestantism in the South and United States as a whole. Throughout much of the Southern United States history, the region was heavily rural. Not until during and after World War II did the region start to see larger scale urbanization of its cities and metropolitan areas. This would lead to social and economic transformation of the South in the years since the 1940s.