title: Bojangles (restaurant)

text: On March 5, 2021, Bojangles announced a planned expansion into Columbus, Ohio, its first Ohio location, to begin later that year. The announcement came on the same day Taco Johns announced it would significantly boost its Central Ohio presence, as well as already-planned expansions into the market by Sheetz and Del Taco.


title: Bojangles (restaurant)

text: Restaurants offer the full menu during all operating hours. Biscuit sandwiches are the predominant breakfast item, including the signature cajun chicken filet biscuit, as well as country ham, egg, cheese, bacon, sausage and country fried steak options. For lunch and dinner, the signature item is the bone-in fried chicken with a variety of side items (called "Fixin's"), including French fries, cajun-seasoned pinto beans, dirty rice, Bo-tato Rounds (a type of tater tot), coleslaw, green beans, macaroni and cheese, mashed potatoes and grits. They also offer boneless chicken tenders known as "Chicken Supremes" which are served with a variety of dipping sauces, fried and grilled chicken sandwiches, a fish sandwich known as the "Bojangler" and a number of salads which can be topped with either grilled or fried chicken. Desserts include the Bo-Berry biscuit, which is a biscuit with blueberries and topped with a sugar glaze, a sweet-potato fried pie and cinnamon biscuits. Seasonal and limited-time offerings also appear on some menus, such as pork chop biscuits.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Vernon Eulion Jordan Jr. (August 15, 1935 – March 1, 2021) was an American business executive and civil rights attorney who worked for various civil rights movement organizations before becoming a close advisor to President Bill Clinton.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, and graduated in 1957 from DePauw University. In the early 1960s, he started his civil rights career, most notably being a part of a team of lawyers that desegregated the University of Georgia. He then continued to work for multiple civil rights organizations until the late 1980s. In the early 1990s, he became a close ally and friend of Bill Clinton and he served as part of Clinton's transition team. After Clinton's departure, Jordan began working with multiple corporations and investment banking firms up until his death. During the 2004 election, he worked for John Kerry's campaign.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Mary Belle (Griggs) and Vernon E. Jordan Sr. He had a brother, Windsor. He was a cousin of James Shaw, a musician who is professionally billed as The Mighty Hannibal.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan grew up with his family in the segregated societal cosmos of Atlanta during the 1950s. He was an honors graduate of David T. Howard High School. Rejected for a summer internship with an insurance company after his sophomore year in college because of his race, he earned money for college for a few summers by working as a chauffeur to former city mayor Robert Maddox, then a banker. Jordan graduated from DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, in 1957. In an oral history interview archived at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, an interview conducted in 1964 with Robert Penn Warren for the book "Who Speaks for the Negro?", Jordan described his difficulties at DePauw as the only black student in a class of 400. He earned a Juris Doctor at Howard University School of Law in 1960. He was a member of the Omega Psi Phi and Sigma Pi Phi fraternities.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan returned to Atlanta to join the law office of Donald L. Hollowell, a civil rights activist. The firm, including Constance Motley, sued the University of Georgia for racial discrimination in its admission policies. The suit ended in 1961 with a Federal Court order demanding the admission of two African Americans, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton E. Holmes. Jordan personally escorted Hunter past a group of angry white protesters to the university admissions office.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: After leaving private law practice in the early 1960s, Jordan became directly involved in activism in the field, serving as the Georgia field director for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. From the NAACP, he moved to the Southern Regional Council and then to the Voter Education Project.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In 1970, Jordan became executive director of the United Negro College Fund. He was president of the National Urban League from 1971 to 1981.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: That year he resigned from the National Urban League to take a position as legal counsel with the Washington, D.C., office of the Dallas law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: On May 29, 1980, Jordan was shot and seriously wounded outside the Marriott Inn in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was accompanied by Martha Coleman at the time. Police thought initially that it might have been a domestic incident related to Coleman's life. Then-president Jimmy Carter visited Jordan while he was recovering, an event that became the first story covered by the new network CNN. Joseph Paul Franklin was acquitted in 1982 of charges of attempted murder. However, in 1996, after having been convicted of murder in another case, Franklin admitted to having committed the shooting.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan, a friend and political adviser to Bill Clinton, served as part of Clinton's transition team in 1992–93, shortly after Clinton was elected president. In the words of "The New York Times":


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In 1998 Jordan helped Monica Lewinsky, a former White House intern, find a job after she left the White House, and recommended an attorney. His role was considered controversial given the scandal that the Clinton administration had suffered because of the president's involvement with the intern, and Jordan testified several times before the grand jury convened by independent counsel Kenneth Starr. On October 1, 2003, a United States court of appeals rejected Jordan's claim for reimbursement for legal services related to assisting Clinton in scandals regarding Lewinsky and Paula Jones. Jordan asked the government to pay him $302,719, but he was paid only $1,215.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton, Jordan was one of three individuals (with Lewinsky and Sidney Blumenthal) of whom House impeachment managers recorded a deposition.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: From January 2000 on, Jordan was a senior managing director with Lazard Freres & Co. LLC, an investment banking firm. He was also a member of the board of directors of multiple corporations, including American Express, J.C. Penney Corporation, Asbury Automotive Group, and the Dow Jones & Company.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: He was a member of the board of directors of Revlon, Sara Lee, Corning, Xerox, and RJR Nabisco during the 1989 leveraged buyout fight between RJR Nabisco CEO F. Ross Johnson and Henry R. Kravis and his company KKR. A close friend of Jordan's was the Xerox tycoon Charles Peter McColough, who persuaded Jordan to join the board of trustees at Xerox. McColough served as a mentor and friend of Jordan's until McColough's death.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In the 2004 presidential campaign, Jordan led debate preparation and negotiation efforts on behalf of John Kerry, the Democratic nominee for president. That year he was elected president of The Economic Club of Washington, D.C.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In 2006, Jordan served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, which was formed to make recommendations on U.S. policy in Iraq.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In May 2017, Jordan served as the commencement speaker at the 163 commencement of Syracuse University.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan died at his home in Washington, D.C. on March 1, 2021, at the age of 85, and was buried in Washington DC's Oak Hill Cemetery.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan married Shirley (née Yarbrough), who died in 1985. They have a daughter, Vickee Jordan Adams, who works in media relations for Wells Fargo Home Mortgage.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: In 1986 he remarried, to Ann Dibble Jordan and adopted her four children - Antoinette "Toni", Mercer, Janice and Jacqueline. He has nine grandchildren, seven from his second wife's children, Janice, Mercer, and Toni.


title: Vernon Jordan

text: Jordan also served as the narrator for American composer Joseph Schwantner's "New Morning for the World:" "Daybreak of Freedom," a collection of quotations from various speeches by Martin Luther King Jr.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the 7th-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Before the arrival of settlers, various Native American peoples, including the Kichai and the Lenape, infrequently populated the area. The area was settled by Peters Colony landowners in the early 1840s. Until the annexation of Texas, the area was considered part of Fannin County. On April 11, 1846, the First Texas Legislature established Denton County. The county was named for John B. Denton, who was killed while raiding a Native American village in Tarrant County in 1841. Originally, the county seat was set at Pickneyville. This was later changed to Alton, where the Old Alton Bridge currently stands, and then moved finally to Denton.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: By 1860, the population of the county had increased to 5,031. On March 4, 1861, residents of the county narrowly voted for secession from the Union, with 331 votes cast for and 264 against. The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad reached Lewisville, located in the southern portion of the county, by the early 1880s. The Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square was built in 1896, and currently houses various government offices, as well as a museum.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (7.8%) are covered by water. Denton County is located in the northern part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, about 35 miles south of the border between Texas and Oklahoma. It is drained by two forks of the Trinity River. The largest body of water in Denton County is Lewisville Lake, which was formed in 1954 when the Garza–Little Elm Reservoir was merged with Lake Dallas. The county is on the western edge of the eastern Cross Timbers and also encompasses parts of the Grand Prairie portion of the Texas blackland prairies. Portions of Denton County sit atop the Barnett shale, a geological formation believed to contain large quantities of natural shale gas. Between 1995 and 2007, the number of natural gas wells in the county increased from 156 to 1,820, which has led to some controversy over the pollution associated with hydraulic fracturing.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: "Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race."


title: Denton County, Texas

text: According to the 2010 United States census, there were 662,614 people, 224,840 households and 256,139 housing units in the county. The population density was 754.3 people per square mile. By the 2020 census, its population increased to 906,422, representing continued population growth among suburban communities outside of the principal metropolitan cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. Denton County ranked 29th on the U.S. Census Bureau's list of fastest-growing counties between 2000 and 2007, with a 41.4% increase in population.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: In 2010, the racial makeup of the county was 75% White, 8.4% African American, 0.7% Native American, 6.6% Asian, and 3.0% from two or more races. About 18.2% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. The 2020 census determined the racial and ethnic makeup was 53.58% non-Hispanic white, 10.52% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 10.23% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.43% some other race, 4.60% multiracial, and 20.16% Hispanic or Latino American of any race, reflecting state and nationwide demographic trends of greater diversification.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: A Williams Institute analysis of 2010 census data found about 5.2 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Denton County, like all counties in Texas, is governed by a commissioners court, which consists of the county judge (the chairperson of the court), who is elected county-wide, and four commissioners who are elected by the voters in each of four districts.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Justices of the peace are county officials with jurisdiction over landlord/tenant issues, small civil claims, certain misdemeanors, and other matters.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: The Denton Sheriff's Office employs more than 600 people, for the Denton County Sheriff's Office, most in the Detention Bureau. The office operates a county jail that houses up to 1,400 prisoners. The office is co-located with the jail at 127 North Woodrow Lane in the county seat of Denton.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Denton County, like most suburban counties in Texas, is reliably Republican in statewide and national elections, although becoming less so since the 2018 election, when Beto O'Rourke earned 45.52% of the county's votes and two Democrats were elected. The last Democratic presidential candidate to win the county was native Texan Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, the only time since 1952 that the county has been carried by a Democrat. Denton swung rapidly into the Republican column at the federal level in the 1950s and 1960s as Dallas and Fort Worth's suburbs spilled into the county.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: In 2018, State Representative Michelle Beckley became the first Democrat elected to the state legislature from Denton County since 1984. Her district, the 65th, is located entirely within Denton County, and includes significant portions of Carrollton, Highland Village and Lewisville. Also in 2018, Christopher Lopez, elected to justice of the peace, Precinct 6, became the first Democrat elected at the county level since 2004.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: Despite a Republican advantage, Denton continues to trend leftward, as Joe Biden managed 45.2% (to Donald Trump's 53.3%) in the 2020 presidential election, the best result for a Democrat since 1976. Many other suburban Texas counties, including its immediate neighbors in Collin County and Tarrant County as well as those around Houston and Austin, showed similar swings since 2016.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: From around 1997 to 2015, the number of non-Hispanic white children in K-12 schools in the county increased by 20,000 as part of a trend of white flight and suburbanization by non-Hispanic white families.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: According to the Texas Education Code, most of Denton County is assigned to North Central Texas College for community college. However portions within Celina ISD, Proper ISD, and the municipalities of Frisco and The Colony are instead assigned to Collin College (formerly Collin County Community College), and portions zoned to Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD are assigned to Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College District).


title: Denton County, Texas

text: The Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA) operates fixed-route bus services, on-demand GoZone service, and ACCESS paratransit service in the county that includes Denton, Lewisville, and Highland Village. SPAN Transit covers areas outside of Denton and Lewisville.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: DCTA also operates the A-train, a commuter rail service that runs from Denton to Carrollton, at which station passengers can switch to the Green Line train owned and operated by Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART). Passengers can transfer to other DART lines (denominated by different colors) at the downtown Dallas DART station.


title: Denton County, Texas

text: The county is home to the Denton Municipal Airport and the Northwest Regional Airport in Roanoke. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport is located a few miles south of the county.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Louisa Rose Allen (born 29 April 1989), known professionally as Foxes, is an English singer, songwriter and model. Foxes's debut album, "Glorious", was released in 2014, and features the UK top 20 singles "Youth", "Let Go for Tonight" and "Holding onto Heaven". Her vocals were featured on Zedd's 2012 single "Clarity", which peaked at number eight on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Foxes's second album, "All I Need", was released on 5 February 2016. The album includes the top 25 single "Body Talk", as well as "Amazing". After a four-year hiatus from music, Foxes announced her return, releasing the single "Love Not Loving You" in May 2020. The single was included on her second EP, "Friends in the Corner", released on 1 April 2021 through PIAS. Her third studio album, "The Kick", was released on 11 February 2022.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Allen was born in Southampton, Hampshire, and grew up in the city's Swaythling and St Denys areas. She attended St Denys Primary School, Cantell School, and Eastleigh College. She started writing music when she was 14 years old and reached the final of a local talent competition in 2009. At 18 years old, she considered training as a beauty therapist, but her sister persuaded her to move to London to pursue her singing ambitions. She attended the Institute of Contemporary Music Performance but dropped out, preferring to write and perform music than study it.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Allen devised a stage name to differentiate herself from British pop singer Lily Allen. She considered the alias Foxes after a suggestion from a friend, the first song she had written being titled "Like Foxes Do"; her mother then told her that she had a dream the previous night "about these foxes running up our street and they were howling and making these beautiful noises", which she said reminded her of her daughter's music. Allen chose Foxes based on this connection. She began performing gigs as Foxes in London in 2011.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Foxes released her debut single, "Youth", in January 2012 on Neon Gold Records, and the following month was signed to Sign of the Times, a Simon Fuller-owned UK imprint of Sony Music Entertainment. "Youth" and its B-side, "Home", were featured in the American television series "Gossip Girl" and an EP, "Warrior" (produced by Samuel Dixon, also known as Sam Kennedy), followed in July 2012, which Foxes promoted with a US tour. "Paste" magazine described "Warrior" as "a beautifully ethereal EP that warrants all sorts of comparisons, but equally manages to stand on its own two feet", while PopMatters wrote that it was "a powerful, well-rounded set" and Consequence of Sound introduced the singer as "[i]f Florence Welch and Katy Perry had a beautiful, brunette love child". Later in 2012, Foxes toured with Marina and the Diamonds on her Lonely Hearts Club Tour and released a second single, "Echo".


title: Foxes (singer)

text: "Youth" caught the attention of dance producer Zedd, who invited Foxes to feature on his song "Clarity". "Clarity" was released as a single in late 2012 and became a major hit during 2013, reaching number eight on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs. The song was certified double platinum in Australia, platinum in the United States, and gold in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 27 on the UK Singles Chart. At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, Zedd and Foxes won the award for Best Dance Recording. Also in 2013, Foxes featured on Fall Out Boy's song "Just One Yesterday" from their album "Save Rock and Roll", on the Rudimental single "Right Here" (a top 20 hit in the United Kingdom) and on the Sub Focus track "Until the End", from his album "Torus".


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Foxes's "teaser" single "Beauty Queen" was released in May 2013, followed by a US re-release of "Youth" in August 2013 after Foxes signed to RCA Records in the country. In the United Kingdom, "Youth" reached number 12 on the singles chart in October 2013, concurrent to the song's use in a high profile advertising campaign for retailer Debenhams. During late 2013, Foxes embarked on a headline tour of the United Kingdom. A newly recorded version of "Let Go for Tonight", a track previously featured on the "Warrior" EP, was released as a single in February 2014, charting in the United Kingdom at number seven—Foxes's first top ten hit.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: On 17 April 2014, Foxes appeared on BBC Radio 1's Innuendo Bingo. Foxes's debut album, "Glorious", was released in May 2014 following the single "Holding onto Heaven" (number 14), and debuted at number five on the UK Albums Chart. A fourth single, "Glorious", followed in August 2014 and was used in an ITV advertising campaign promoting the network's autumn season of programmes. During September and October 2014, Foxes served as the opening act for R&B musician Pharrell's Dear Girl Tour, playing to arenas across Europe. Pharrell personally offered a support slot to Foxes after hearing her cover of his hit single "Happy" for Radio 1's Live Lounge; Foxes later accused producers of the televised singing competition "The X Factor" for copying her arrangement of "Happy" for a performance of the song by contestant Lauren Platt, as both versions interpolated the Massive Attack song "Teardrop". Also in October, Foxes featured in the eighth series of the BBC science fiction series "Doctor Who", performing Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now" in the episode "Mummy on the Orient Express". In December, Foxes toured the United Kingdom once again as a headliner.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Foxes stated in a late 2014 interview that she had commenced work on her second album. She also collaborated with veteran dance producer Giorgio Moroder on his 2015 solo album, "Déjà Vu", featuring on the track "Wildstar". In subsequent interviews, Foxes said that the album is titled "All I Need" and that she hoped to release it in late 2015. Recording sessions took place in America, Sweden and the United Kingdom.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: "All I Need" was released on 5 February 2016. The album's first single, "Body Talk", was released in July 2015 and reached number 25 on the UK Singles Chart. Foxes debuted the track during a one-day tour of seven UK cities that earned her an entry to the "Guinness World Records" for the title of "most live concerts in 12 hours in multiple cities". The album's track listing and the video for the song "Feet Don't Fail Me Now" were also released in July. The second single, "Better Love", was released in September 2015. Following this Foxes embarked on a headline UK tour, supported by Izzy Bizu. The third single "Amazing" was released on 4 December 2015. "Amazing" was used by ITV in an advertsiment to promote their Christmas programming. Foxes featured on Kygo's track "Oasis" from his album "Cloud Nine", which was released on 13 May 2016. "Cruel" was released as the fourth single from "All I Need" on 19 April 2016 with an accompanying music video released on the same date. In the same month, Foxes was announced to be one of the supporting acts of British alternative rock band Coldplay in the European and North American legs of their A Head Full of Dreams Tour, alongside Alessia Cara.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: In March 2017, ITV used Foxes's song "Scar" to promote "Grantchester"'s third series. She performed at the Indonesian Television Awards on 20 September 2017, performing songs including "Better Love", "Let Go For Tonight" and "Clarity". In February 2018, Foxes teased of new music, stating "Thank you for your patience with this next record... I will be releasing new music this year and I can't wait to share it with you".


title: Foxes (singer)

text: On 15 May 2020, Foxes teased of new music on her social media platforms by sharing three videos, one each day, which consisted of her asking a question. These videos were accompanied by a phone number one could ring to answer the question. The lead single from her upcoming project, "Love Not Loving You", was released on 20 May 2020, marking her first song release in four years. On the same day, it was revealed that Foxes has signed a new record deal with PIAS Recordings, thus making the single her first release under the label. On 29 July 2020, the second single, "Woman", was released. This was followed by the third and fourth singles, "Friends in the Corner" and "Hollywood" which were released on 2 September 2020 and 4 December 2020 respectively. The latter was described as a "cathartic experience" by "Clash" magazine.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: On 17 March 2021, Foxes released the single "Kathleen" and announced the release of her second EP "Friends in the Corner", which would include all previously released singles and an additional two new songs. The EP was released on 1 April 2021. When announcing the EP, Foxes revealed her upcoming third studio album will be based on completely new material and is expected for a release later in the year. "Sister Ray" was released as the lead single from that album on 15 September 2021. On 16 September, Foxes confirmed her third studio album, "The Kick", was released on 11 February 2022.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: In 2013, Foxes appeared in an advertising campaign promoting retailer Debenhams's autumn/winter collection. She compiled a playlist to accompany the London Fashion Week premiere of Markus Lupfer's autumn/winter collection in 2014, and later in the year advertised Adidas's Energy Boost line of running shoes. For stage outfits on her 2014 tours, Foxes collaborated with fashion brand River Island, citing Björk and Patti Smith as inspirations. She fronted the 2015 poster campaign for Fashion Targets Breast Cancer alongside Abbey Clancy, Alice Dellal and Lily Donaldson, and the same year became the face of fashion retailer H&M's H&M Loves Music collection.


title: Foxes (singer)

text: Foxes has said that her fashion sense has been influenced by fellow singer Cyndi Lauper and characters in films such as "Empire Records" (1995) and "Romy and Michele's High School Reunion" (1997), as well as by grunge fashions and Japanese street fashion. In 2014, ASOS.com declared Foxes "a total fashun muse" and praised her bangs as "great for hairspiration", while "Elle" referred to the singer as a "fashion maven" and invited her to perform for their ELLE Sessions series. Foxes is signed to the modelling agency Premier Models, has appeared in shoots for "Vogue" and "Nylon" magazines, and has been dressed for various red carpet events by Mark Fast, Markus Lupfer and Miu Miu.


title: Bramble

text: A bramble is any rough, tangled, prickly shrub, usually in the genus "Rubus", which grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries. "Bramble" is also used to describe other prickly shrubs, such as roses ("Rosa" species). The fruits include blackberries, arctic brambleberries, or raspberries, depending on the species, and are used to make jellies, jams, and preserves.


title: Bramble

text: In British English, bramble usually refers to the common blackberry, "Rubus fruticosus". "R. fruticosus" grows abundantly in all parts of the British Isles, and harvesting the fruits in late summer and autumn is often considered a favourite pastime. An especially hardy plant, bramble bushes can also become a nuisance in gardens, sending down strong suckering roots amongst hedges and shrubs and being particularly resilient against pruning. Many consider "R. fruticosus" a weed due its tendency to grow in neglected areas and its sharp, tough thorns, which can be hazardous to children and pets.


title: Bramble

text: Bramble bushes have long, thorny, arching shoots and root easily. They send up long, arching canes that typically do not flower or set fruit until the second year of growth; some varieties, known as


title: Bramble

text: "everbearing" or "primocane bearing" produce fruit on the tips of first-year canes. Brambles usually have trifoliate or palmately-compound leaves.


title: Bramble

text: Bramble fruits are aggregate fruits. Each small unit is called a drupelet. In some, such as the blackberry, the flower receptacle is elongated and part of the ripe fruit, making the blackberry an "aggregate-accessory" fruit.


title: Bramble

text: "Bramble" comes from Old English "bræmbel", a variant of "bræmel". It ultimately descends from Proto-Germanic "*brēm-", whence come also English "broom", German ', Dutch ' and French "".


title: Bramble

text: Most species are important for their conservation and wildlife value in their native range. The flowers attract nectar-feeding butterflies and hoverflies, and are a particular favourite of "Volucella pellucens".


title: Bramble

text: Being a pioneer plant on the verge between a meadow and a forest, blackberries can prove to be a valuable protective nurse crop for the perennial plants that will replace them.


title: Bramble

text: Brambles are important food plants for the larvae of several species of Lepidoptera. The leaves are often used to feed captive stick insects. (The young leaves contain a toxin that can be harmful to many stick insects, but they develop an immunity to it by their third instar.) Many birds, such as the common blackbird, and some mammals will feed on the nutritious fruits in autumn.


title: Bramble

text: Many species are grown and bred for their fruit. Ornamental species can be grown for flowers (e.g. "Rubus trilobus"), for their ornamental stems (e.g. "R. cockburnianus") and some as ground cover (e.g. "R. tricolor"). Members of "Rubus" tend to have a brittle, porous core and an oily residue along the stalk which makes them ideal to burn, even in damp climates. The thorny varieties are sometimes grown for game cover and occasionally for protection.


title: Bramble

text: Split bramble stems are traditionally used as binding material for straw in production of lip-work basketry, such as lip-work chairs and bee skeps and sometimes used to protect other fruits such as strawberries.


title: Bramble

text: "R. fruticosus" is difficult to eradicate once it has become established. Early action by pulling with a gloved hand and digging young seedlings as soon as they are seen will save a lot of hard work later. A thick mulch of chipped bark or compost will also make it much easier to pull out recently germinated seeds in the spring. Light but established infestations in friable, workable soils may be removed by cutting back the stems to about above the ground, to leave a handle, and forking out the bramble stump with as much of the root as possible. Anything left below ground may regenerate.


title: Bramble

text: Heavy infestations may make the land completely impenetrable and will require cutting first just to access the stems. The root systems will also be so pervasive that removing them would require digging up the entire area; doing this in woodland areas will cause unacceptable damage to the surface roots of trees and to flowering bulbs and should be avoided. In this case, chemical control using a selective weedkiller such as triclopyr to wet the photosynthesising bramble leaves is very effective if applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. However, a heavily infested area of uncut brambles will require an inordinate amount of poison to wet the leaves; it is far cheaper, and more effective, to cut the area as close to ground level as possible in the spring, clear the debris into piles to reveal the ground surface and to accurately spot spray the shoots that will emerge two to three weeks later as soon as they have a small amount of new foliage. This will kill the plant back into its root system using a small fraction of the poison required to spray whole bushes. The area may first be cleared using a tractor-mounted rotary mower, motorised string trimmer or with a scythe. A short-bladed scythe in good hands can be faster than using a string trimmer, leaves a neater cut close to the ground, avoids collateral damage to other plants that are desirable to keep, and deposits the cut debris aligned in swathes that are easier to remove and stack. The area must be cut and cleared at some point anyway and it is easier to clear the debris while green and flexible than dead and dry, so clearing when green then spraying a little is more efficient than spraying a lot then clearing when dry.


title: Bramble

text: Triclopyr is highly selective: it only affects actively photosynthesising dicots, leaving grass, and flowering monocots such as narcissus and bluebell bulbs, undamaged. It also breaks down harmlessly in the soil within about six weeks leaving no toxic residuals. Glyphosate is also effective but must be used with much greater care and will damage other woodland plants.


title: Bramble

text: An organic, long-term approach involves utilising the pioneering properties of the plant. The brambles are used to protect young trees from grazers and when the trees grow up, they permanently out-shade the blackberry patches; blackberries cannot abide deep shade.


title: Bramble

text: There are many different systems developed for the commercial culture of blackberries and raspberries. Bramble cultivars are separated into several categories based on their growth habit. They are categorised as erect, semi-erect, or trailing.


title: Bramble

text: Plants bearing thorns, brambles, spines, or prickles are often used as a defence against burglary, being strategically planted below windows or around the entire perimeter of a property. They also have been used to protect crops and livestock against marauding animals. Examples include hawthorn hedges in Europe, Agaves in the Americas and in other countries where they have been introduced, Osage Orange in the prairie states of the US, and "Sansevieria" in Africa.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: Down to Earth is the fourth studio album by the British hard rock band Rainbow. It is their last album to feature drummer Cozy Powell and their only album with vocalist Graham Bonnet. Released in 1979, it contains Rainbow's first hit single "Since You Been Gone", marking a more commercial direction of the band's sound.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: The writing of "Down to Earth" began at Ritchie Blackmore's house in Connecticut in December 1978. By that time, he had dismissed both bassist Bob Daisley and keyboard player David Stone soon after singer Ronnie James Dio quit the band. Blackmore had already recruited his old Deep Purple bandmate Roger Glover as producer and started auditioning musicians for the vacant slots in the band, while songwriting progressed with Blackmore, Cozy Powell and session musician Clive Chaman on bass. The backing tracks were largely written by Blackmore and Glover. "It was a great opportunity for me, and why should I bear a grudge "[about being dismissed from Purple in 1973]"?" recalled Glover. "I'm a huge Ritchie fan. Some of my biggest influences have come from him."


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: By the end of 1978, Blackmore had recruited keyboardist Don Airey – a suggestion from Powell – and considered Ian Gillan and Peter Goalby of Trapeze to replace Dio. In April 1979, Jack Green of The Pretty Things was hired as new bass player for the recording sessions at Château Pelly de Cornfeld, in the countryside of Southern France, but he did not stay for long. Producer Glover ended up playing bass on the album and provided lyrics for all songs. While auditions for the new singer proceeded, Glover tracked down ex-The Marbles singer Graham Bonnet, who auditioned in France and was immediately hired.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: During song composition, Bonnet composed his vocal melodies though his contributions remained uncredited. His vocals were not recorded with the other tracks in France, but later at Kingdom Sound Studios in Long Island, when all other recording sessions were completed. "Down to Earth" is the only Rainbow album to feature Bonnet, though he was still part of the band when writing for "Difficult to Cure" began.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: Also recorded for the proposed next single, but unreleased due to Bonnet's departure, was "Will You Love Me Tomorrow". Bonnet had previously recorded this song for his first, eponymously titled, solo album in 1977. Rainbow's version was recorded in the studio in May 1980, during rehearsals for the Japanese leg of the "Down to Earth" tour. It was subsequently played live throughout that tour.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: In 1980, Blackmore's Rainbow headlined the inaugural Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington in England.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: Songs from "Down to Earth" have been performed by Graham Bonnet at his solo shows, as well as at concerts performed with Don Airey (2001) and Joe Lynn Turner (2007).


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: "Bad Girl", an outtake from the album sessions, was used as the B-side to the "Since You Been Gone" single. Similarly, "Weiss Heim", an instrumental recorded in Copenhagen in January 1980, was the B-side to "All Night Long".


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: In 2011, a Deluxe Edition of the album was released, featuring a bonus disc with previously unreleased songs and instrumental versions of the basic tracks.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine defines the album "a fine hard rock platter", which "might not offer anything unique, but it delivers the goods." He criticizes mostly Bonnet's vocals, but praises "the guitar artistry and mystical sensibility of Ritchie Blackmore", who "sounds invigorated on the album". PopMatters' Adrien Begrand, reviewing the 2011 Deluxe Edition, remarks how "Down to Earth" "is somewhat underrated compared to the towering Dio discography, but it remains a strong outing 31 years later", even with "the new material sounding so much more stripped-down compared to the overtly epic heavy metal arrangements of Dio-era Rainbow". The songs are "eight searing, hooky hard rockers", remarkably rendered by Bonnet's performance and energy. The album "is perhaps the most divisive record in Rainbow’s catalogue" according to "Record Collector" reviewer, because of "Blackmore's single-minded pursuit of mainstream success" and the departure from the sound of preceding albums. He adds that this is a "strong" album with many "classic radio" staples, but the second disc of the Deluxe Edition does not add anything essential to the listening experience.


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: In 2005, "Down to Earth" was ranked number 431 in "Rock Hard" magazine's book "The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time".


title: Down to Earth (Rainbow album)

text: In an interview with "Sounds" in 1979, Blackmore said: "I have so much respect for classical musicians that when I listen to myself I think, oh, that's nonsense. I can put down other people's music because the fact is I put down my own music and say it's rubbish. A lot of it is- not all of it- "No Time to Lose" definitely is but "Eyes of the World" is OK. But a good deal of it is a waste of time."


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Justin E. Wilson (April 24, 1914 – September 5, 2001) was a Southern American chef and humorist known for his brand of Cajun-inspired cuisine, humor and storytelling.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Wilson was born in Roseland near Amite, the seat of Tangipahoa Parish, one of the "Florida Parishes" of southeastern Louisiana. He was the second youngest of seven children of Harry D. Wilson, the Louisiana Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry from 1916 to 1948 and a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: While Wilson presented himself as Cajun in his act, it is unclear if he had any actual Acadian or French ancestry. His father Harry Wilson was of Welsh descent. Justin Wilson described his mother, the former Olivet Mintern Toadvin (1880–1976), as Cajun, but she has no known ancestors who either were Acadian, lived in the Cajun regions of Louisiana, or emigrated from France. (She did, however, teach Justin how to cook.) Her surname Toadvin derives from a native of Guernsey who immigrated to Maryland circa 1675. The Florida Parishes, where the family lived, were not part of the French or Spanish colonies of Louisiana.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Wilson began his career as a safety engineer while he traveled throughout Acadiana. The safety lectures that he made to refinery workers prompted him to become a Cajun storyteller. He remembered it this way on the back cover of "The Justin Wilson Cook Book":


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Way back when I first started as a safety engineer, I took myself pretty seriously, and I found I was putting my audiences to sleep. So having lived all my life among the Cajuns of Louisiana, and having a good memory for the patois and the type of humor Cajuns go for, I started interspersing my talks on safety with Cajun humor.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Wilson later recorded several comedy albums, beginning with "The Humorous World of Justin Wilson" on Ember Records. He also recorded several albums for Jewel Records on the Paula label and a few for Capitol Records. He later appeared as a guest on the popular CBS series "The Ed Sullivan Show". He was known for the catchphrase, ""I gar-on-tee!"" (I guarantee).


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: As a comedian, Wilson was enormously popular in Louisiana, and to a lesser degree in neighboring states, but his humor may have been a little too specifically regional to enjoy the wider popularity of Southern comics such as Jerry Clower or Archie Campbell.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: He composed ten songs, as well as composing the background music for his cooking show, and recorded one album of Christmas songs with a jazz band. Wilson wrote seven Cajun cookbooks and two books of Cajun stories. He hosted several cooking shows on Public Broadcasting Services (PBS) and at least one in 1975, for Mississippi Educational Television (ETV), that combined Cajun cooking and humor. Most were aired from the studios of WYES-TV in New Orleans.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Wison appeared in a series of television commercials for Cajun Spice Ruffles potato chips duuring the late 1980s. In 1997, he published the cookbook "Looking Back", which combined his first two cookbooks in a hardcover format, with additional photos, and notes on how his cooking techniques had changed (e. g., using olive oil instead of oleo) since those early cookbooks were published. A companion series was produced, also titled "Looking Back" and broadcast nationwide on PBS, which was a repackaging of Wilson's first cooking show from 1971, with new intros by Wilson himself. This was the first time the 1971 programs were ever seen nationwide, as they were originally produced by Mississippi Educational Television and, at that time, were only broadcast regionally.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Southern author Harnett T. Kane said of Wilson: "I know of no one [else] who portrays the Louisiana Cajun as well, so skillfully and entertainingly".


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: But Wilson faced criticism from many Cajuns who viewed his humor as degrading, especially from a non-Cajun essentially doing a Cajun impression. Attorney and cultural activist Paul Tate described Wilson "a redneck telling jokes for rednecks." James Domengeaux, a former member of Congress and founder of CODOFIL, considered Wilson a degrader of the Cajun people.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: As the son of the former agriculture commissioner who died in office in 1948, Wilson was politically active in his early years. In 1951–1952, Justin Wilson was the manager of the unsuccessful Democratic gubernatorial campaign of Lieutenant Governor William J. "Bill" Dodd. He and Dodd were close though they often disagreed on political philosophy. Wilson's brother-in-law, Bolivar Edwards Kemp, Jr., was the Democratic attorney general of Louisiana from 1948 to 1952, while Dodd was lieutenant governor. Kemp served between the two terms of Attorney General Fred S. LeBlanc of Baton Rouge.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Known for his emphasis on patriotic themes, Wilson over the years became involved in numerous Louisiana political campaigns. Former State Senator Don W. Williamson of Caddo Parish recalls Wilson having cut a commercial for Williamson's Democratic challenge in 1979 to incumbent Insurance Commissioner Sherman A. Bernard. Williamson recalls that Wilson just volunteered to help him. Williamson only narrowly lost to Bernard, who later was imprisoned for fraud in the handling of his state job duties.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Wilson was a segregationist, speaking at least twice at national leadership conferences of the Citizens' Councils, alongside Lester Maddox, John Rarick, and John G. Schmitz.


title: Justin Wilson (chef)

text: Justin Wilson was married four times. His third wife died and his three other marriages ended in divorce. He had one son and three daughters: Harry D. Wilson II, Sara Sue, Pam, and Menette. Wilson's last residence was in Summit in Pike County, Mississippi. He died on September 5, 2001, of heart failure in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He is interred beside his third wife at Port Vincent Community Cemetery (also known as Saint William Catholic Cemetery) in Port Vincent in Livingston Parish.


title: Thrift Shop

text: "Thrift Shop" is a song written and performed by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring vocals from American singer Wanz, released on August 27, 2012, as the fourth single from the former's debut studio album, "The Heist" (2012). The lyrics show Macklemore's esteem for thrift shops and saving money, rather than flaunting expensive items like many rappers. The song was met with universal acclaim, with various music reviewers praising its humorous lyrics and social critique.


title: Thrift Shop

text: Despite being released on Macklemore's independent record label with distribution by the Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), a Warner Music Group company, the single was a sleeper hit. It reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and has since sold over 6 million copies in the US alone. The song also reached number one in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, France, Denmark, Netherlands, Australia and New Zealand. The song would go on to become the number one song of 2013 by "Billboard" and in 2019, it was named by "Billboard" as both the number one song of the 2010s on both the Hot Rap Songs and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts.


title: Thrift Shop

text: A music video was released simultaneously with the song on August 29, 2012, and has had more than 1.7 billion views on YouTube as of September 2022. At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in 2014, the single won for Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song.


title: Thrift Shop

text: The song illustrates Macklemore's interest in buying cheap clothing from thrift shops, disdaining designer labels and trends. He claims to enjoy donning "your granddad's clothes" and impulsively buying a sharp-looking but dubious-smelling fur stole just because "it was 99 cents". Macklemore spoke to MTV News about the meaning of the song. "Rappers talk about, oh I buy this and I buy that, and I spend this much money and I make it rain, and this type of champagne and painting the club, and this is the kind of record that's the exact opposite," he explained. "It's the polar opposite of it. It's kind of standing for like let's save some money, let's keep some money away, let's spend as little as possible and look as fresh as possible at the same time."


title: Thrift Shop

text: Asked why he thought the track was so successful, Macklemore replied, "I think hip-hop goes in waves, and it's something that's different. It's a concept. It's obviously against the status quo of what people normally rap about. This is a song that goes against all of that. How much can you save? How fresh can you look by not looking like anybody else? And on top of that, you have an infectious beat and a hook that gets stuck in people's heads."


title: Thrift Shop

text: "Thrift Shop" is written in the key of G minor and has a tempo of 95 beats per minute. The song is prominently underpinned by a looping saxophone melody.


title: Thrift Shop

text: The song received widespread critical acclaim. It has been called a critique of the product placement common in modern hip hop, but "The New York Times" critic Jon Caramanica wrote, "[I]t's not quite the robust sendup of hip-hop-extravagance clichés that it aspires to be." Robert Copsey of "Digital Spy" gave the song 5 out of 5 stars, calling it "a rare beast of a song - original, musically daring and genuinely funny." "Entertainment Weekly" named the song as the 18th best single of 2012. The song was number 1 in the Triple J Hottest 100 countdown of 2012. In 2022, "American Songwriter" named it Macklemore's best song.


title: Thrift Shop

text: In the United States, the song debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on September 15, 2012. It dropped out the following week but re-entered six weeks later on October 20, 2012. The song then steadily climbed the chart until it entered the top ten in the issue dated January 5, 2013. It replaced Bruno Mars' "Locked Out of Heaven" at number one in its 16th week on the chart on February 2, 2013 and remained atop the chart for six non-consecutive weeks. It also topped the Rap Songs chart for fifteen weeks. It was the first song in the history of the Digital Songs chart to experience a jump in sales in each of its first five weeks atop the chart, "Thrift Shop" was the second best-selling single of 2013 in the US after Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines", with 6,148,000 copies sold during the year. As of November 2015, the song has sold 7,740,000 downloads in the United States, making it the fifth all-time best-selling digital single in the country.


title: Thrift Shop

text: The song also had much success on "Billboard"'s component charts, remaining atop the Digital Songs chart for ten weeks and topping "Billboard"s Radio Songs chart for two weeks. It also peaked at number one on the On-Demand Songs chart and remained there for eleven weeks until week ending March 30, 2013. It set a record on that chart as the first song to reach two million streams in a single week since the chart's inception. The song also topped the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for fourteen consecutive weeks. The song was the first independently distributed title to top the "Billboard" Digital Songs since "We Are the World 25 for Haiti" in February 2010. It was also only the second independent song to reach number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, nearly 20 years after Lisa Loeb's "Stay (I Missed You)" in 1994. "Billboard" ranked it as the No. 1 song for 2013.


title: Thrift Shop

text: In the United Kingdom, "Thrift Shop" entered the UK Singles Chart at number twenty four in late January 2013, despite having been available as a single via iTunes since August 1, 2012. The following week, the single rose twenty-two positions to number two. Two weeks after entering the chart, the song reached number one on February 10, 2013 ― for the week ending date February 16, 2013 ― making Macklemore and Ryan Lewis only the second act to have a number one in Britain with a self-released single. As of July 2013, "Thrift Shop" has sold 680,000 copies in the UK.


title: Thrift Shop

text: In Canada, the song topped the Canadian Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks. It was the country's second best-selling digital song of 2013 with 554,000 copies sold (all versions combined).


title: Thrift Shop

text: In August 2013, the rapper Le1f publicly criticized Macklemore's song on Twitter, claiming that "Thrift Shop" borrowed its beat extensively from his own earlier song, "Wut".


title: Thrift Shop

text: Some thrift shops have reported an increase in business, especially among college students, which they have attributed to the song. Several locations that were used in the music video and those that are located in the general vicinity of the places used for filming reported that their sales had not seen a sizable bump, but there was "attention."


title: Thrift Shop

text: The accompanying music video was co-directed by Jon Jon Augustavo, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis. It was released on Lewis' YouTube channel on August 29, 2012. Filming took place at several thrift shops in Seattle, including Goodwill Outlet, Value Village in Capitol Hill, Red Light Vintage and Fremont Vintage Mall, as well as at Seattle locations like the Unicorn/Narwhal Arcade Bar and the Northwest African American Museum. Macklemore attempted to persuade a fellow Seattle rapper, Sir Mix-a-Lot, to appear in the video but he did not return the calls. Some local Seattle musicians like Thomas Grey of Champagne Champagne appear in the music video, and a DeLorean is shown as well. The video was nominated at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards for Video of the Year.


title: Thrift Shop

text: The children's show "Sesame Street" makes a parody of "Thrift Shop" in which Macklemore appeared playing the character "Mucklemore", shows Oscar the Grouch and his other Grouches the proper way to recycle their trash.


title: Thrift Shop

text: A parody was a part of a Pessach Shop Passover Jam, done for the Jewish holiday of Passover by the "a cappella" group Six13.


title: Thrift Shop

text: The American comedy artist Rucka Rucka Ali parodied the song twice in his album "Black Man of Steal". One of his parodies is titled "I'm Obama", the other, "I'm Osama".


title: Thrift Shop

text: "Weird Al" Yankovic recorded a cover version of "Thrift Shop" as part of his polka medley "NOW That's What I Call Polka!" for his 2014 album "Mandatory Fun".


title: Thrift Shop

text: In 2018, a slightly modified version of the original song was also used for Suncorp advertisements featuring their mascot, Sunny.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai () is an Indian Hindi language coming of age romantic period drama television series produced by Shashi Sumeet Productions which was aired on Sony TV It stars Ashi Singh and Randeep Rai as Naina Agarwal and Sameer Maheshwari. Set in the 1990s and based on youngster's love story, it is inspired by the real-life love story of producers Shashi and Sumeet Mittal. It received a highly positive response from the critics and audience after its premiere and runtime.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: In July 2019, it was announced that the show would go off air and the last episode was aired on 16 August 2019. However, Sony TV announced that the show will return with a second season at an indefinite date.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: The story starts in Ahmedabad, 1990. Naina Agarwal is a 16-year old girl studying at Pragati Vidya Ka Mandir. She lost her mother at birth, lives in a joint family, mainly with Chachs-Chachi. And in Nainital, Sameer Maheshwari, a 17-year-old, gets suspended from his boarding school on account of mischief. He returns to his maternal grandfather, Jaiprakash Maheshwari, in Ahmedabad. After Sameer's father died, his mother Vishakha had married Vivek Somani and shifted to Delhi. In turn of events, here Sameer joins Naina's school as her classmate; she falls for him at the first sight.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Sameer formed a disliking against Naina when she, as the Head Discipline Monitor of her school, stood against him. But they were slowly becoming friends when Naina started teaching Sameer for the Headboy competition. Naina's father, Rakesh who is the librarian of that school, caught and rebuked her as the opponent against Sameer was her brother Arjun Agarwal. Sameer again gets angry on Naina, but the situation gets worse when she misunderstood and accused him of stealing the exam papers. His restrained relationship with his mother gets affected, along his reputation. Thus an enraged Sameer decides to take revenge on both Rakesh and Naina, engaging in a bet with his seniors, where he has to make Naina say "I Love You" and hug him. Sameer starts wooing Naina. As Naina gets to know actually Arjun had stolen the question paper, she melts again for Sameer. They start pursuing a secret relationship. Sameer slowly develops a soft corner for Naina, but he's unaware of it. On the last day of their school trip in Mount Abu, before a guilty Sameer could back off from his bet, Naina confessed her feelings. She learns of the bet rightafter it and gets heartbroken.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: After a few days of constantly apologizing, Sameer realizes his feelings for Naina. He is now clueless about what to do now, as she hates him now. Naina's brother, Arjun gets to know about the bet and confronts Sameer. Sameer accidentally pushes him, that breaks his leg. As a punishment, Sameer is asked to serve Arjun at their home until he recovers. During this time, Naina's cousin, Pooja gets married. After Sameer's constant efforts to win Naina back, soon Naina finally forgives him.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Jaiprakash Maheshwari passes away and Sameer has to shift to Delhi. There Sameer reconciles with his mother. Sameer and Naina carry on their long distance relationship by communicating through phones and letters. But due to Mr. Somani's mother's harsh words Sameer starts considering himself as unlucky for his loved ones. He tries to disconnect from Naina, but he is sent back to Ahmedabad by his mother after she notices his depression.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Now in 1993, Naina, Sameer and their friends enroll in VJN College. Their happy days come to a halt when Naina breaks up with Sameer after seeing the consequences of Arjun-Shefali's relationship in her family. Soon her marriage is fixed to an arrogant CA Sharad. Soon Sameer and Naina decide to be friends to preserve the happy memories of their love. But destiny plays its game and Naina breaks the alliance because of Sharad's violent behavior towards her uncle, Anand. Anand gets to know about Sameer and Naina's relationship and he approves after realising Sameer's true love for Naina. He promises to stand by them during their marriage.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Sameer and Naina get back to pursuing their relationship in college. After some time, they get caught red-handed as a couple and hell breaks loose. Vishakha had already disapproved of Naina for Sameer assuming she's too practical unlike him. But after Sameer's blackmailing, the family had to come forward to agree to their marriage. After an ugly situation in the engagement, Sameer moves out of his house to marry Naina on his own, the Agarwal family too gets broken. But with the help of the friends and the remaining family, the couple finally gets married with everyone's blessings.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Sameer and Naina start living in a separate bungalow Sameer especially bought for her. But reality hits when the differences in their living and mindsets started creating clashes between them. Due to their young age and immaturity, their marriage starts on a rocky road. Sameer's uncle, Kamlesh and his son, Devang kick him out from the family business too. But after a big fight, Sameer and Naina decide to work on themselves and make their love last despite everything.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Sameer and Naina start their own business, called 'Samaina boutique' which doesn't run very well. But Sameer gets to act in an advertisement, where he realizes his acting potential. They decide to travel to Mumbai for an acting career. They sell their house and left for Mumbai with Rakesh. But it wasn't as easy as they thought it would be. They struggle to settle in the city. Eventually Naina decides to take her passion for writing as a career, and Sameer decides to support his wife with writing. They present their first story to Aruna Irani. She accepts their story and telecasts their serial which is successful. Soon they are able to buy their rented flat in Mumbai.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: Naina gives birth to their daughter, named Suman Maheshwari. After 2 years, Sameer buys back his old bungalow in Ahmedabad for Naina. They return to Ahmedabad and reconcile with the family members, even those who had turned foes during their marriage. Naina, Sameer, and all their friends reunite at their school's 50th anniversary. They reminiscence their old days. Thus the story concludes happily in 1998.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: The opening theme of "Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai" is composed by Anu Malik. The lyrics are written by Sanjay Chhel, and it comprises the voices of legendary singers Kumar Sanu and Sadhana Sargam. The song has been praised for its melodious lyrics, which refresh the happenings in the 1990s.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: It was particularly hailed for its fresh outlook and for bringing out the nostalgia and the flavours of the 90s. It topped Sony TV shows by gaining a TRP of 1.5 in its first week.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: "The Times of India" hailed it as one of the best TV shows launched in 2017 and praised the performances of newcomers Ashi Singh and Randeep Rai.


title: Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai

text: The UK's weekly Asian newspaper "Eastern Eye" praised the creative team of the show for leaving no stone unturned to recreate the city of Ahmedabad from an earlier era, calling it a tribute to the city.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Bigg Boss Ultimate was the first season of the Tamil Indian reality Streaming television of "Bigg Boss Ultimate", the spin-off to Bigg Boss Tamil and the first series to be released exclusively on Star India streaming service Disney+ Hotstar. The season launched on 30 January 2022 with Kamal Haasan as a host, but he has exited the show from week 3 onwards, due to scheduling conflicts with his upcoming film Vikram. Later, Silambarasan continued as a host from week 4 onwards.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: The Grand Finale of the show took place on 10 April 2022 and Balaji Murugadoss emerged as the winner, while Niroop Nandakumar became the runner-up.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Thamarai Selvi and Maria Juliana became the first 2 commoner contestants to make it to the grand finale and becoming finalists in the whole Bigg Boss Tamil franchise.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: This version of Bigg Boss was somewhat successful for the Bigg Boss Tamil franchise and topped trp charts with a high of 6.12 trp on the grand finale night which is impressive for an OTT platform. However it still remains a underrated season in the franchise.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: This version of Bigg Boss only lasted for 70 days (10 weeks) making it the shortest season of the Bigg Boss Tamil franchise.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Teaser During the finale of "Bigg Boss Tamil 5", Kamal Haasan and Sivakarthikeyan unveiled the eye logo for the brand new Digital edition of Bigg Boss Tamil titled as Bigg Boss Ultimate. The teaser of the show released on 17 January 2022, on Disney+ Hotstar.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: BroadcastApart from the usual hour-long episode, viewers will also have access to the direct 24x7 camera footage. The show will be telecasted 7 days a week (Monday to Sunday). The episodes will be first telecasted through 24 Hours Live Channel on the paid subscription of Disney+ Hotstar"." This version of Bigg Boss Tamil will not be aired on Star Vijay like the main series seasons. Disney+ Hotstar will be streaming a deferred 24/7 live stream with a 24-hour delay.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: HouseThe house for the season is the same design that was used for the fifth season with only minor changes to furniture. Only an additional luxurious private room was added for the "Trending Player".


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Change of hostSince actor Kamal Haasan was busy with his film's shooting "Vikram" he stepped down as host at the end of the third week of the show. Actor Simbu was replaced as the host from Week 4 onwards.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Extension of the showThe makers of the ultimate version decided to extend the show for extra two weeks originally the show only contained 8 weeks, however, later being extended to 10 weeks.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Former contestantsContestants from the previous seasons of the main Bigg Boss Tamil series would participate as contestants yet again in the first season of the Bigg Boss Ultimate digital version. Contestants from the 1st till the 5th season are allowed to participate except the winners in all the season won't be able to participate in this version. However, some new contestants who never participated in the series at all can only join the show as wildcard contestants.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: FeaturesViewers of the show will get the chance to see live nominations, luxury budget tasks, punishments, and evictions every week.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: This version of Bigg Boss contained six finalists. However, every day leading up to the Grand Finale which is known as the Pre finale, each finalist will be sent out of the finale race based on their live voting position. Only the top four finalists who have the highest votes will last till the Grand Finale on the 70th day. While the remaining two finalist out of the six will be sent out only few days before the grand finale which is known as the pre finale days.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text:
indicates Season 1 contestant
 indicates Season 2 contestant
 indicates Season 3 contestant
 indicates Season 4 contestant
 indicates Season 5 contestant
 indicates new contestant


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: These following housemates have received a improvement in their status and overall positions in this version of Bigg Boss compared to when they played in they're previous seasons.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Following are the housemates taking part in "Bigg Boss Ultimate Season 1", including the regular Bigg Boss Tamil season they had earlier taken part in and where they finished in that season, in order of entry to the "Bigg Boss Ultimate" house:


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Each week contestants who break the rules of the house will be sent to the underground ultimate prison.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Each week the audience gets to vote for the housemate who caught the eye of the audience and gave a huge chunk of content that week. And the housemate who receives this title will be exempt from that week's nomination process.


title: Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)

text: Each week the evicted contestant of the week has the option to give one of the competing housemates a cash reward using "Bigg Boss Ultimate money" and another housemate a bomb punishment which they will be punished for the whole week. However, both rewards and punishments can also be awarded to a single housemate.


title: Gretna Green

text: Gretna Green is a parish in the southern council area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on the Scottish side of the border between Scotland and England, defined by the small river Sark, which flows into the nearby Solway Firth. It was historically the first village in Scotland, when following the old coaching route from London to Edinburgh. Gretna Green railway station serves both Gretna Green and Gretna. The Quintinshill rail disaster, the worst rail crash in British history, in which over 220 died, occurred near Gretna Green in 1915.


title: Gretna Green

text: Gretna Green is most famous for weddings. The Clandestine Marriages Act 1753 prevented couples under the age of 21 marrying in England or Wales without their parents' consent. As it was still legal in Scotland to marry without such consent, couples began crossing the border into Scotland to marry.


title: Gretna Green

text: Gretna's "runaway marriages" began in 1754 when Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act came into force in England. Under the Act, if a parent of a person under the age of 21 objected to the minor's marriage, the parent could legally veto the union. The Act tightened the requirements for marrying in England and Wales but did not apply in Scotland, where it was possible for boys to marry at 14 and girls at 12 with or without parental consent (see Marriage in Scotland). It was, however, only in the 1770s, with the construction of a toll road passing through the hitherto obscure village of Graitney, that Gretna Green became the first easily reachable village over the Scottish border.


title: Gretna Green

text: Scottish law allowed for "irregular marriages", meaning that if a declaration was made before two witnesses, almost anybody had the authority to conduct the marriage ceremony. The blacksmiths in Gretna became known as "anvil priests", culminating with Richard Rennison, who performed 5,147 ceremonies. The local blacksmith and his anvil became lasting symbols of Gretna Green weddings.


title: Gretna Green

text: Victorian chronicler Robert Smith Surtees described Gretna Green at length in his 1848 "New Monthly Magazine" serial, "The Richest Commoner in England":


title: Gretna Green

text: <poem>Few of our readers—none we should think of our fair ones—but at some period or other of their lives, have figured to themselves the features of Gretna Green. Few we should think but have pictured to themselves the chaise stained "with the variations of each soil", the galloping bustle of the hurrying postboys, urging their foaming steeds for the last stage that bears them from Carlisle to the border. It is a place whose very name is typical of brightening prospects. The poet sings of the greenest spot on memory's waste, and surely Gretna Green was the particular spot he had under consideration. Gretna Green! The mind pictures a pretty straggling, half Scotch, half English village, with clean white rails, upon a spacious green, and happy rustics in muffin caps, and high cheek bones, looking out for happier couples to congratulate. Then the legend of the blacksmith who forged the links of love, added interest to the place, and invested the whole with fairy feature.


title: Gretna Green

text: How much better, brighter, more promising, in short, a Gretna Green marriage sounds than a Coldstream or Lamberton toll-bar one! and yet they are equally efficacious. Gretna Green indeed, is as superior in reality as it is in name. It looks as if it were the capital of the God of Love, while the others exhibit the bustling, trading, money-making pursuits of matter-of-fact life. Though we dare say Gretna Green is as unlike what most people fancy, still we question that any have gone away disappointed. It is a pretty south country-looking village, much such as used to exist in the old days of posting and coaching. A hall house converted into an hotel, and the dependents located in the neighbouring cottages. Gretna Hall stands a little apart from the village on the rise of what an Englishman would call a gentle eminence, and a Scotchman a dead flat, and is approached by an avenue of stately trees, while others are plentifully dotted about, one on the east side, bearing a board with the name of the house, the host and high-priest, "Mr. Linton". There is an air of quiet retirement about it that eminently qualifies it for its holy and hospitable purpose.</poem>


title: Gretna Green

text: Since 1929, both parties in Scotland have had to be at least 16 years old, but they still may marry without parental consent. Since April 2022 in England and Wales, the minimum age for marriage is now 18 irrespective of parental consent. Of the three forms of irregular marriage that had existed under Scottish law, all but the last were abolished by the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1939, which came in force from 1 July 1940. Prior to this act, any citizen was able to witness a public promise.


title: Gretna Green

text: Gretna's two blacksmiths' shops and countless inns and smallholding became the backdrops for tens of thousands of weddings. Today there are several wedding venues in and around Gretna Green, from former churches to purpose-built chapels. The services at all the venues are always performed over an iconic blacksmith's anvil.


title: Gretna Green

text: In common law, a "Gretna Green marriage" came to mean, in general, a marriage transacted in a jurisdiction that was not the residence of the parties being married, to avoid restrictions or procedures imposed by the parties' home jurisdiction. A notable "Gretna" marriage was the second marriage in 1826 of Edward Gibbon Wakefield to the young heiress Ellen Turner, called the Shrigley abduction (his first marriage was also to an heiress, but the parents wanted to avoid a public scandal). Other towns in which quick, often surreptitious marriages could be obtained came to be known as "Gretna Greens". In the United States, these have included Elkton, Maryland, Reno and, later, Las Vegas.


title: Gretna Green

text: In 1856 Scottish law was changed due to a measure passed in Parliament by Alexander Colquhoun-Stirling-Murray-Dunlop to require 21 days' residence for marriage, and a further law change was made in 1940. The residential requirement was lifted in 1977. Other Scottish border villages used for such marriages were Coldstream Bridge, Lamberton, Mordington and Paxton Toll, and Portpatrick for people coming from Ireland.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I is the second studio album by the Italian rock band Måneskin. It was released on 19 March 2021 through RCA and Sony. It includes the singles "Vent'anni" and the Sanremo and Eurovision-winning "Zitti e buoni", as well as the songs "I Wanna Be Your Slave" and "Coraline".


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: Following Måneskin's victory at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with "Zitti e buoni", the album started appearing on weekly charts across Europe. It peaked at number one on the Italian albums chart, and was certified quadruple platinum by FIMI. It also reached number one on the Finnish, Lithuanian, and Swedish album charts and reached the top ten of the charts in fourteen other territories. It has since received three other gold music certifications in three other countries.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: From late 2019 until spring 2020, the band lived in London where they refined their playing skills, music style and worked on new material. This is the first part of a larger recording project entirely written by the four members of the group. Unlike the previous album "Il ballo della vita" (2018), the album was recorded entirely live in order to recreate the same atmosphere that Måneskin felt during the concerts held in previous years and can be heard in 1970s bootleg recordings.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: According to the band, the project's title "Teatro d'ira" () and meaning are of "cathartic anger aimed at oppressions and oppressors, which leads to venting and rebelling against everything that makes you feel wrong and which, as a result, leads to a rebirth and change. We wanted to place this very powerful force in a context, that of the theater, which in the common imagination is perceived as elegant and calm. We like this antithesis: a contrast that lives when the curtain opens and, instead of a show or a ballet, we find ourselves catapulted into this explosion of energy. Theatre is a metaphor to represent art, the place where this powerful impulse generates something artistic and positive."


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: This concept was reiterated by the group during the presentation of the album: "Each piece was composed entirely by us, from the first to the last note. It will be a record out of the canons, we are aware of it but we screwed it up to give you the most sincere and real version of ourselves, because the music is the only thing that matters, and this time it will be only her to speak. For now, make yourself comfortable in the armchairs, the Theatre of Wrath is about to raise its curtain."


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: Unlike the previous album which was inspired by their muse "Marlena", this album was inspired by them. Album lyrics are dealing with various topics related to the young generation. With "Vent'anni" and "Zitti e buoni" being social manifestos about individuality, others like "I Wanna Be Your Slave" talk about duality in love relationships, and "La paura del buio" about people who fear both the unknown and other people for being different.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: The album was released by Sony Music and RCA Records, packaged as a digipak including 12-page booklet with lyrics. It was also released in a vinyl edition.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: A week after its release, the album topped the FIMI Albums Chart and was certified Platinum for selling over 70,000 copies. Following the band's victory at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, the album and its tracks - in particular, its single "Zitti e buoni" and songs "I Wanna Be Your Slave" and "Coraline" - started to enter weekly charts across Europe and beyond. By 27 May 2021, the album's tracks accumulated over 100 million streams on Spotify, and grew to over 340 million streams by 15 June. The album subsequently reached Top 15 on the "Billboard" World Albums Chart. On 9 July it topped the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart.


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: In Rockol's 8.5/10 review, Mattia Marzi praised members playing and writing skills. According to him, it has influences of power trios from the 1970s, and Sonic Youth up to Arctic Monkeys, with individual tracks going from hard rock "Zitti e buoni", dance-rock "I Wanna Be Your Slave", power ballad "Vent'anni", gothic rock "Coraline", and garage rock "Lividi sui gomiti". He concludes it is full of "anger and fury, including biting guitar strings, powerful bass lines, hard hits on the drums. And the over-the-top interpretation of Damiano. You still have time to get on the wagon."


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: In "Rolling Stone Italia", Claudio Tedesco's review praised the arrogance of their 20s, to be an artistic step forward in comparison to the previous studio album, the quality of their playing and production, and that are using music and lyrics to strongly say something about diversity, fragility, phobias, sex, desire for revenge, representing a world of losers like the girl from "Coraline". He criticized that it can still be heard their musical influences, although this cannot be taken into account for them because they are still young, that in some tracks Damiano is vocally overdoing the emotions but it will be appreciated in this period of time, and that sounds better in Italian than in English songs "I Wanna Be Your Slave" and "For Your Love".


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: In laut.de's 4/5 review, Philipp Kause found it difficult to locate their style which is somewhere between alternative-funk rock and hard rock, almost heavy metal; he saw a similarity to Red Hot Chili Peppers. That the lyrics are emotional and charged as should be in rock'n'roll, sometimes delivered in rap rock fashion, and it is good that the lyrics are mainly in Italian rather than in the English language because many nuances and metaphors used in the lyrics which also share philosophical messages would not work well in English. In conclusion, he stated that band members "bring a considerable amount with them in order not to go down in history as a one hit wonder: appealing potential as a performer, accurate craft and compositional skills."


title: Teatro d'ira: Vol. I

text: In Ondarock's 5/10 review, Antonio Silvestri was more critical than the others, concluding the quartet is still young but ambitious and led by talented frontman Damiano David whose voice stands out, and that the album is definitely an artistic growth and only with successive recordings from the project "Teatro d'ira" this album will give a definitive verdict on their future and impact.


title: Keter

text: Keter (, "Keṯer", lit. "crown") also known as Kether, is the topmost of the sephirot of the Tree of Life in Kabbalah. Since its meaning is "crown", it is interpreted as both the "topmost" of the Sephirot and the "regal crown" of the Sephirot. It is between Chokhmah and Binah (with Chokhmah on the right and Binah on the left) and it sits above Tiferet. It is usually given three paths, to Chokhmah, Tiferet and Binah.


title: Keter

text: Keter is so sublime, it is called in the Zohar "the most hidden of all hidden things", and is completely incomprehensible to man. It is also described as absolute compassion, and Moses ben Jacob Cordovero describes it as the source of the 13 Supernal Attributes of Mercy.


title: Keter

text: The first Sephirah is called the Crown, since a crown is worn above the head. The Crown therefore refers to things that are above the mind's abilities of comprehension. All of the other Sephirot are likened to the body which starts with the head and winds its way down into action. But the crown of a king lies above the head and connects the concept of "monarchy", which is abstract and intangible, with the tangible and concrete head of the king.


title: Keter

text: This first Sefirah represents the primal stirrings of intent in the Ein Soph (infinity), or the arousal of desire to come forth into the varied life of being. But in this sense, although it contains all the potential for content, it contains no content itself, and is therefore called 'Nothing', 'The Hidden Light', 'The air that cannot be grasped'. Being desire to bring the world into being, Keter is absolute compassion.


title: Keter

text: The name of God associated with Keter is Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh (Hebrew: אהיה אשר אהיה), the name through which he revealed himself to Moses from the burning bush.


title: Keter

text: Keter, although being the highest Sephirah of its world, receives from the Sephirah of Malkuth of the domain above it (see Sephirot). The uppermost Keter sits below no other Sephirah, although it is below Or Ein Soph which is the source of all Sephirot.


title: Keter

text: Moses ben Jacob Cordovero, in "The Palm Tree of Devorah", discusses ethical behaviour that man should follow, related to the qualities of the Sephirot, in order that man might emulate his Creator. Humility is the first, because although Keter is the highest, it is ashamed to look at its cause, and instead gazes at those below it. One's thoughts should be pure, one's forehead should display no harshness, one's ears should always turn to hear good, one's eyes should distance themselves from noticing evil, always looking at the good, one's nose should be free from the breath of anger, one's face should always shine, and his mouth should express nothing except good.


title: Keter

text: Who is God like you, who pardons iniquity and forgives the transgressions of the remnant of his heritage? He does not maintain His anger forever, for He delights in kindness. He will again show us compassion, He will vanquish our iniquities, and You will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea. Show faithfulness to Ya'akov, kindness to Avraham, which You have sworn to our fathers from days of old. ("Michah", 7:18-20)


title: Keter

text: Additionally, the "Thirteen Attributes of Mercy" were described by Rabbi Chizkiyah in an allegorical depiction of a lily among thorns. The metaphor in whole is known and taught as "The lily amongst the thorns," a phrase found in Shir Hashirim 2:2. A summary:


title: Keter

text: The secret of spiritual protection is revealed through a richly metaphorical discourse given by Rabbi Chizkiyah. The Rabbi explains that the spiritual forces that protect and watch over us are called the 13 Attributes of Mercy. They are transmitted into our physical world through the first 13 words of the Torah. When judgments are decreed against us, these 13 forces can safeguard us from their influence. We begin drawing this Light of protection to ourselves at the very moment we begin to browse and behold the mystical shapes and sequences of the Aramaic text, and to learn the spiritual insights presented there.


title: Keter

text: In "The Mystical Qabalah" Dion Fortune describes Keter as pure consciousness, beyond all categories, timeless, a point that crystallises out of the Ein Soph, and commences the process of emanation that ends in Malkuth.


title: Keter

text: The name of God given to it is Eheieh, the archangel that presides over it is Metatron, the order of angels that resides in it are the Holy Living Creatures (the Chaioth ha Qadesh, Hebrew: חיות הקדש), and its mundane chakra is said to be the First Swirlings of the cosmos (Primum Mobile, Rashith ha Gilgalin).


title: Keter

text: A.E. Waite made mention that Rabbi Azariel ben Menachem, a student of Isaac the Blind, in his "Commentary on the Sephiroth" granted a particular colour to each Sephira, yet these do not agree with the colours given in the Zohar, where Kether (which, according to him, is also correlated to "Yechidah") is called colourless, Tiphareth purple, and Malkuth sapphire-blue.


title: Keter

text: As pure formless consciousness, it is often compared with the Sahasrara chakra, which resides above the crown of the head, in Indian Shakta Tantra.


title: Keter

text: In Aleister Crowley's "Liber 777", Keter is associated with the Four Aces of the Tarot deck, White Brilliance, Poseidon, Brahma, Wodan, Zeus, The Trinity, Almond in flower, Diamond, Elixir Vitae, Dao, and Death.


title: Keter

text: Furthermore, Crowley associates the qliphothic demonic order of Thaumiel with Kether. Thaumiel in turn is associated with (or "ruled by") the demons Satan and Moloch. These same demons are also associated with Ghagiel and Sathariel, the upper triad.


title: Keter

text: Keter is also identified with the planets Neptune or Pluto, the Atma in Theosophy and Raja Yoga, and the "Khabs am Pekht" in Egyptian mysticism.


title: Keter

text: In the SCP Foundation mythos and related media, "Keter" is one of the primary classifications for anomalous objects or entities. Specifically, the "Keter" classification denotes objects or entities that are exceedingly difficult to reliably contain.


title: Buick Century

text: Buick Century is the model name that was used by Buick for a line of upscale full-size cars from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 to 1958, as well as from 1973 to 2005 for mid-size cars.


title: Buick Century

text: The first Buick Century debuted as the Series 60 then renamed in 1936 as a shorter and lighter model featuring the same engine as the bigger Roadmaster and Limited series giving it more performance while using the shorter wheelbase body of the Buick Special. During the 1930s and 1940s it was Buick's companion to the top level Roadmaster and was offered as a 2-door and 4-door sedan and convertible. The Century name was used on six generations of cars of varying sizes as well as performance and trim levels. In 1969, Buick developed a concept car known as the Century Cruiser. In the 1970s, the Century Regal became a separate model and market positioning between the two products changed from year to year depending on sales. The Century was updated to front wheel drive in 1982 and was Buick's 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan and station wagon, with regular updates and feature upgrades as customer preferences changed over time.


title: Buick Century

text: Originally, the Series 60 had the OHV Buick Straight-6 engine from the Series 70, developing at 2,800 rpm. It had, at the beginning of the generation, a full-length running board denoting the top model for Buick at the time, shared with the short wheelbase, entry level Series 40. In 1930, GM built 38,180 cars. The bodystyles available were torpedo, sedan, coupe, and roadster convertible, using GM's "B-body" platform. Starting with this generation, all GM cars shared a corporate appearance as a result of the "Art and Colour Section" headed by Harley J. Earl and modest yearly changes were introduced to freshen the appearance.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1931, the running board was reduced and the OHV Buick Straight-8 engine was introduced that developed . Aesthetically, the Series 60 remained almost unchanged, and the same fact occurred also in the following year. In 1931 and 1932, a total of 55,135 were produced.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1933, the length of the body increased and the radiator was now concealed behind a façade with a grille. The engine power increased to , and 1933 was the first year all GM vehicles were installed with optional vent windows which were initially called “No Draft Individually Controlled Ventilation” later renamed "Ventiplanes". In 1934, the appearance was changed to a more rounded appearance, with a new OHV eight-cylinder engine and 100 hp. In 1935, the model remained almost unchanged while the body style selections were similar to larger Buicks but more affordably priced. Six choices were available to include both 2- and 4-door convertibles using the term "phaeton" for the 4-door convertible with a listed price of US$1,675 ($ in dollars ). Total production from 1933 to 1935 was 31,385. In 1936, the model changed its name to "Century".


title: Buick Century

text: Buick renamed its entire model lineup for the 1936 model year to celebrate the engineering improvements and design advancements over their 1935 models, introducing a "streamlined" appearance. Buick's Series 40 model range became the Special, the Series 60 became the Century, the Series 80 became the Roadmaster, and the Series 90, Buick's longest and most luxurious vehicles, became the Limited. The terminology "Series 60" and "Series 70" were shared with Cadillac, while "Series 60", "Series 70", "Series 80" and "Series 90" were shared with Oldsmobile.


title: Buick Century

text: The basic formula for the 1936 to 1942 Century was established by mating the shorter wheelbase Special bodies to the Roadmaster's larger displacement straight-eight engine. The Century offered four different types of 2-door body styles to include convertibles and only one 4-door Sedan, with the ratio remaining coupes over sedans until 1938 when there were three coupe and three sedan choices. The 1940 Series 50 Super combined the longer Roadmaster body with the smaller displacement Special engine.


title: Buick Century

text: While the Special was powered by Buick's OHV straight-8 engine, rated at 3200 rpm, Centurys produced between 1936 and 1942 were powered by the OHV straight-8 producing , making them the fastest Buicks of the era and capable of sustained speeds of , hence the name Century (100), earning the Century the nickname "the banker's hot rod". Prices listed for the 2-door Victoria Coupe started at US$1,055 ($ in dollars ) to US$1,135 ($ in dollars ) for the 2-door Convertible. By 1940 prices rose to US$1,175 ($ in dollars ) for the Sport Coupe to US$1,620 ($ in dollars ) for the 4-door Convertible Phaeton.


title: Buick Century

text: The Century was discontinued at the end of the abbreviated 1942 model year due to World War II, when production of passenger vehicles stopped on February 4, 1942, during which total model production only accounted for about 10% of Buick's total output.


title: Buick Century

text: Buick reintroduced the Century using the same formula of mating the smaller, lighter Buick Special body to its largest and most powerful "Fireball" OHV V8 engine mated with a Dynaflow automatic transmission, with the intent of giving Buick a performance vehicle. Included in the model lineup during this period was a station wagon model, a body style that had been unavailable during the Century's first production period of 1936 until 1942. In 1953 "The Buick-Berle Show" introduced product placement commercials on TV, and later in 1955 "The Honeymooners" was one of the sponsors.


title: Buick Century

text: Introduced in the middle of the 1955 model year, the four-door Buick Century Riviera along with the four-door Special Riviera, the four-door Oldsmobile 98 Holiday, and four-door 88 Holiday, were the first four-door hardtops ever produced. For the first time, the Century was repositioned below the C-body Buick Super and priced lower. It continued to feature four "VentiPorts" on the front fenders like the larger Buick Roadmaster indicating its status equal to the Super, denoting it was a junior level Buick using the shorter B-body. It also introduced the "Panoramic" one-piece wrap around windshield on all GM cars for 1955.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1955, the California Highway Patrol placed a large fleet order for 270 Century two-door sedans, a body style unavailable to the general public. It combined the Special two-door sedan body shell with Century powertrain, of which 135 were Dynaflow automatics and 135 were manual transmissions. Broderick Crawford was shown driving a two-door Century sedan during the first season of his popular syndicated TV series "Highway Patrol". These Century two-door sedans were actual police vehicles owned by the California Highway Patrol and were loaned to the TV production company, the CHP door emblems were changed to a generic highway patrol emblem. (In later seasons, he drove a four-door Century but these were not California Highway Patrol owned vehicles.) Power brakes were optional. Tubeless tires were new.


title: Buick Century

text: The Century remained Buick's performance line, with engine power rising from (SAE gross) in 1954, to in 1955, to in 1956, and topping out at from a bored-out engine in 1957 and 1958, the last model years for the full-sized Century line.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1956, the Century's base price was US$2,963 ($ in dollars ). Power windows were standard in the convertible. A padded safety dash became optional.


title: Buick Century

text: For 1957, Buick styling was notable for its three-piece rear window design. This was a feature in all series fixed-roof body-styles, (excluding wagons and convertibles). Oldsmobile also used this 3-piece rear window design that year, marketed as the “Twin-Strutted Rear Window.”


title: Buick Century

text: Because the Century was considered the senior "small Buick", the model received a version of GM's hardtop station wagon, the Century Caballero Estate for the 1957 and 1958 model years and was not continued for 1959.


title: Buick Century

text: The Buick Century nameplate was revived for the 1973 model year on the rear-wheel drive intermediate A-body platform, which was redesigned for this year. The name replaced Skylark for Buick's mid-sized cars. The Century Regal coupe was added at the top of the model range and later became a separate series, dropping the Century name for 1976. It was available with two- and four-barrel versions of the Buick 350, putting out , respectively. The 455 was also an option. The base Century and Century 350 coupes had a fastback roof with large rear quarter glass, while the Century Luxus featured a more formal notchback roofline with narrow opera windows. The Century Estate replaced the Buick Sport Wagon.


title: Buick Century

text: By replacing the Skylark, the Century inherited the Gran Sport performance option. The package was available with any engine and included upgraded suspension, additional instrumentation, and unique appearance treatment. Dual exhaust increased output of the four-barrel 350 to . While the Stage I 455 was somewhat diminished from its performance heyday due to emission controls, output was competitive for the era at and . A Saginaw three-speed manual was standard with either 350 engine. A Muncie M-21 four-speed was available with either 350 or with the regular 455, while the Stage I required a Turbo-Hydramatic 400.


title: Buick Century

text: The 1974 Buick Century and Regal were introduced with HEI (High-Energy Ignition systems) instead of points and ignition coil. The 1974 Buick Century Gran Sport was still, "Available only as a Hardtop Colonnade Coupe, it carries the Rallye ride and handling suspension with stabilizer bars, front and rear. Plus a specialized blacked-out grille and head lamp doors, an accent stripe on the rear deck, special tail lamps and Gran Sport grille ornamentation. And if you go for the Gran Sport, you can add the Stage 1, the high performance engine."


title: Buick Century

text: For 1975, the Luxus was renamed Century Custom. The new 231 V6 was installed as standard equipment along with a three-speed manual transmission on coupes and sedans, and the big-block 455 was no longer available. The four-barrel 350 V8 became standard on station wagons. A new landau top became available for fastback coupes that partially covered the rear quarter glass, giving an appearance similar to the formal-roof Century Custom. A Century Special coupe was added to the lineup, using the fastback roofline. The Special was marketed as an economy variant of the Century and was only available with the V6 engine.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1975, the US government legalized rectangular headlights and Buick added them to the Century for the 1976 model year, positioned side-by-side on coupes, and stacked vertically on sedans. Sedans received a taller, more-formal grille, while coupes got an angled, body-colored front end along with new bodyside sheet metal that lacked the traditional "sweepspear". The Gran Sport option was discontinued with the 455 engines and only 231 V6 or 350 V8 were available on the last 1,288 made vehicles merely with appearance and suspension option package.


title: Buick Century

text: To commemorate the Bicentennial of the United States, the standard colors available on all Buicks were Judicial Black, Liberty White, Pewter Gray, Potomac Blue, Continental Blue, Concord Green, Constitution Green, Mount Vernon Cream, Buckskin Tan, Musket Brown, Boston Red and Independence Red, with specially available colors on select models Congressional Cream, Revere Red, Colonial Yellow and Firecracker Orange.


title: Buick Century

text: In 1977, the V6 engine was revised to be even-firing, and a Oldsmobile V8 was added as an option for station wagons.