title: Phil Rizzuto

text: Rizzuto gave a memorably discombobulated induction speech at Cooperstown, in which he repeatedly complained about the buzzing flies that were pestering him. Rizzuto's "inimitable and wondrous digressions and ramblings" were mimicked by "New York Times" columnist Ira Berkow:Anyway, somewhere in the speech (Rizzuto) told about leaving home in Brooklyn for the first time when he was 19 years old and going to play shortstop in the minor league town of Bassett, Virginia, and he was on a train with no sleeper and when he got his first taste of Southern fried chicken and it was great and it was also the first time that he ever ate -- "Hey, White, what's that stuff that looks like oatmeal?"—and Bill White, his onetime announcing partner on Yankee broadcasts, and, like all his partners, never seemed to learn their first names, though he knew the first and last names of a lot of the birthdays he forever is announcing and the owners of his favorite restaurants even though as he admits he often talks about the score or the game, but after 38 years of announcing games and after a 13-year playing career with championship Yankee teams few seem to care about this either, well, White was in the audience and stood up and said "Grits".


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: In 1999, the minor league Staten Island Yankees named their mascot "Scooter the Holy Cow", after Rizzuto. He was inducted in 2009 into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. There is a park named after him in Elizabeth, New Jersey, directly across from Kean University.


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Rizzuto as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Navy during World War II.


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: When Rizzuto did not attend the annual Cooperstown reunion in 2005 and the annual New York Yankees Old Timers Day in 2006, questions were raised about his health. His last public appearance came early in 2006; visibly frail, he announced that he was putting much of his memorabilia on the market. In September 2006, Rizzuto's 1950 MVP plaque fetched $175,000, three of his World Series rings sold for $84,825, and a Yankee cap with a wad of chewing gum on it went for $8,190. The majority of the proceeds went to Rizzuto's longtime charity of choice, Jersey City's St. Joseph's School for the Blind.


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: On September 12, 2006, the "New York Post" revealed that Rizzuto was currently in a "private rehab facility, trying to overcome muscle atrophy and problems with his esophagus." During his last extensive interview, on WFAN radio in late 2005, Rizzuto revealed that he had an operation where much of his stomach was removed and that he was being treated with medical steroids, a subject he joked about in light of baseball's performance-enhancing drugs scandal.


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: Rizzuto died in his sleep on August 13, 2007, three days short of the 51st anniversary of his last game as a Yankee, exactly twelve years after the death of Mickey Mantle, and just over a month shy of his 90th birthday. He had been in declining health for several years and was living at a nursing home in West Orange, New Jersey for the last months of his life. At the time of his death, at age 89, Rizzuto was the oldest living member of Baseball's Hall of Fame.


title: Phil Rizzuto

text: Rizzuto was survived by his wife, Cora (who died in 2010), daughters Cindy Rizzuto, Patricia Rizzuto and Penny Rizzuto Yetto, son Phil Rizzuto Jr., and two granddaughters.


title: Julia Barretto

text: Julia Francesca Barretto Baldivia (born March 10, 1997), better known for her screen name Julia Barretto (), is a Filipino actress and model.


title: Julia Barretto

text: Dubbed as the “"Drama Princess"” of her generation by various media outlet, Barretto was inducted at Eastwood City Walk of Fame. In 2017, she won her first Best film Actress award at the Platinum Stallion Media Award. She has already earned a nomination for Best Actress at the 66th FAMAS Award and has since won 2 including a Special Award & the German Moreno Youth Achievement Award. In 2020, Barretto was ranked as the 7th among Filipino celebrities with the most followers on Instagram.


title: Julia Barretto

text: Barretto has also starred in a lead role in several blockbuster films including: 'Unexpectedly Yours', 'Vince and Kath and James' and 'Love You to the Stars and Back', all of which grossing more than ₱100 million each in the box office.


title: Julia Barretto

text: She was born to actors Dennis Padilla and Marjorie Barretto, and has siblings from both her parents' respective sides. She is a member of the Barretto clan, a prominent entertainment family which includes actresses Claudine Barretto and Gretchen Barretto. She finished grade school (Grades 1 to 7) at Miriam College in Loyola Heights Katipunan Avenue Quezon City in March 2011 and graduated from high school at St. Paul College in Pasig in March 2015.


title: Julia Barretto

text: Barretto rose to prominence after being cast in ABS-CBN's "Kokey", where she played the lead role of Anna Calugdan. The latter returned in showbiz as part of the Star Magic Circle 2013 alongside Janella Salvador, Liza Soberano, Kit Thompson, and Khalil Ramos as some of her batchmates. She forthwith starred in the 2014 noontime drama, "Mirabella (TV series)", which eventually led to her consequent success topbilling top-rated films and series. In the course of her acting career, Barretto was paired with several actors into a loveteam. This includes Enrique Gil, Iñigo Pascual and Joshua Garcia to name a few. At some point, she was launched as one of the Asap "It" Girls together with Liza Soberano, Janella Salvador and Kathryn Bernardo.


title: John James (actor)

text: John James is an American actor and producer best known to television audiences for playing the character of Jeff Colby in both the prime-time soap opera "Dynasty" and its spin-off series "The Colbys" throughout the 1980s.


title: John James (actor)

text: James is a veteran of daytime soaps, first appearing in "Search for Tomorrow" in the late 1970s. In 1981, he won the role of Jeff Colby in "Dynasty", appearing in the very first episode, "Oil", and remaining on the soap opera until the final episode, "Catch 22" in 1989. James played the same role in "The Colbys" between 1985 and 1987, and one last time in the 1991 TV movie, "".


title: John James (actor)

text: James was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in "Dynasty" in 1985 and appeared at the 1986 ceremony. The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film went to Edward James Olmos.


title: John James (actor)

text: James returned to the genre playing Rick Decker on "As the World Turns" in 2003–2004. In May 2006, he was cast in the role of Dr. Jeff Martin (the first husband of Erica Kane played by series star Susan Lucci) on the ABC daytime soap opera "All My Children". He began appearing the following month. On July 15, 2008, James returned to "As the World Turns", reprising the role of demented Dr. Rick Decker.


title: John James (actor)

text: In film, James starred in "Icebreaker" (2000) with Sean Astin, Bruce Campbell, and Stacy Keach; in "The Cursed" aka "Peril" (2001) with Morgan Fairchild and Michael Pare; in "Lightning: Fire from the Sky" (2001) with Jesse Eisenberg, Stacy Keach and John Schneider and in "Chronology" (2015) with William Baldwin and Danny Trejo, all of which were directed by David Giancola.


title: John James (actor)

text: He produced and starred in "Illegal Aliens" (2007). In 2012, James starred in the Giancola documentary, "Addicted to Fame" (2012), about the making of their film "Illegal Aliens". In 2016, James produced and starred in another Giancola film — the sci-fi action adventure, "Axcellerator" which reunited him with "The Colbys" co-star Maxwell Caulfield while James' daughter Laura played one of the roles.


title: John James (actor)

text: James has appeared on stage intermittently, from musicals for the producer John Kenley to a 1996 national tour of "Dial 'M' for Murder" with Roddy McDowall, to playing Captain Keller in Judson Theatre Company's "The Miracle Worker" in 2018.


title: John James (actor)

text: James was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as one of the three children of radio broadcaster Herb Oscar Anderson (1928—2017) and his first wife. His brother, Herb Oscar Anderson II, is an actor.


title: John James (actor)

text: In 1989, James married Denise Ellen Coward (born 1955 in Australia), a model and 2nd Runner-up for Miss World 1978. They have two children. In 2012, James' daughter, Laura, won America's Next Top Model, Cycle 19. His son Phillip is serving in the United States Air Force.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: Chal Mera Putt 2 is a 2020 Indian Punjabi-language comedy drama film directed by Janjot Singh. It is a direct sequel to 2019 film "Chal Mera Putt". The film is produced by Karaj Gill under Rhythm Boyz Entertainment and by Ashu Munish Sahni under Omjee Star Studios. It stars Amrinder Gill, Simi Chahal, and Garry Sandhu in lead roles. The film revolves around Punjabis trying hard to make a living in a foreign land. The film also stars Iftikhar Thakur, Rup Khatkar, Nasir Chinyoti, Akram Udas, Zafri Khan, Gurshabad, Hardeep Gill, Nirmal Rishi, and Ruby Anam in supporting roles.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: Development of the film began following the success of the prequel, and was announced by Thakur in November 2019. The principal photography of the film began on 12 November 2019 in Birmingham, and ended on 27 December 2019. The film was shot in United Kingdom and India. The film was released worldwide on 13 March 2020. The film was affected in several territories due to outbreak of coronavirus pandemic. The film was re-released worldwide on 27 August 2021.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: After the success of "Chal Mera Putt", makers decided to make two sequels of the film. Iftikhar Thakur in an interview disclosed that Zafri Khan and Rubi Anam are also part of cast, and will play pivotal roles in the film. Garry Sandhu was confirmed as a lead actor alongside Amrinder Gill and Simi Chahal following the release of the title poster. Cast and crew of the prequel reprised their roles whereas Sandhu, Khan, Anam and Nirmal Rishi were added to the cast. Sandhu marks his comeback in Punjabi cinema after 6 years with his last film "Romeo Ranjha" (2014).


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: Principal photography of the film began on 12 November 2019 in Birmingham and was wrapped on 22 December 2019. The film was shot in United Kingdom and India. First schedule of the filming was completed in London. United Kingdom schedule was wrapped on 27 December 2019. Additional filming took place in January 2020. The film's final dubbing took place in February 2020. The film was edited by Rohit Dhiman and its final cut ran for a total of 124 minutes and 47 seconds. The film is produced by Rhythm Boyz Entertainment in collaboration with Gillz Network, Omjee Star Studios, and Phantasy Films Ltd Productions. Distribution rights were acquired by Omjee Group in India while Rhythm Boyz itself in overseas.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: The film's soundtrack is composed by Dr Zeus, which includes vocals by Amrinder Gill, Gurshabad, Nimrat Khaira, and Shipra Goyal. Background score is composed by Gurcharan Singh. Lyrics were penned by Satta Vairowalia, Harmanjeet, and Bir Singh. The song "Boota Gaalan Kad Da Ae" was ranked in New Zealand YouTube music weekly chart. The song "Majhe Wal Da" and its music video was praised by critics. The song also featured in Australia and New Zealand YouTube charts.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: The film was released worldwide on 13 March 2020. The film became the biggest Punjabi release ever in United Kingdom and Australia with the screen count over 60 screens. Cast of the film promoted the film in different countries by dividing pairs. Similarly, as the prequel the film is facing difficulties in Pakistan release due to the cultural ban between India and Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2019 Pulwama attack. Discussions were held by the local distributors with government officials and censor board in Pakistan for release of the film. "Entertainment Pakistan" stated that the film may release in Pakistan following the talks by distributors with government circles. However, the film was not released in Pakistan on scheduled date. On 14 March 2020, cinema halls were ordered to close by Punjab government due to outbreak of coronavirus. Due to shutdown makers have decided to re-release the film worldwide, following the cinema hall opening again.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: On 3 February 2020, the film's title poster was released along its release date as 13 March 2020. On 20 February 2020, the first song "Boota Gaalan Kad Da Ae" from the film's soundtrack, sung by Amrinder Gill and Gurshabad was released. The official trailer of the film was released on 23 February 2020. The trailer crossed the million views within eight hours, and 2.7 million views on YouTube within twenty-four hours of its release. On 1 March 2020, the second song "Majboori" from the film, sung by Gurshabad was released. On 11 March 2020, the promotional duet track "Majhe Wal Da", sung by Gill and Nimrat Khaira is releasing. Also, the song "Baddlan De Kaalje" was released in the prequel, which was sung by the same duo. On 12 March 2020, the title track of the film sung by Gill and Gurshabad was released.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: The film was released on 13 March 2020 but was pulled out of theaters because of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India. In May, it was announced that the film will be re-released once the lockdown will be over. The film was re-released in Dubai on 27 May 2020. When Karaj Gill was asked about releasing the film digitally, he denied and said, "The kind of money OTT platforms offer to regional cinema is not enough to recover the costs. Low-budget films might be able to break even through this, but not us."


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: In India, the film opened at better occupancy than the Bollywood release "Angrezi Medium", which was released on same day. The film collected 80-90 lakhs nett on its first day in India. In India, the film opened with ₹1.24 crore on its opening day, followed by ₹1.52 crore on its second day. However, it collected just ₹16 lakhs on its third day following the cinemas shutdown across Punjab and other states, making the weekend total of ₹2.92 crore. "Box Office India" estimated its opening weekend as ₹5.38 crore if no shutdown has taken place across the country.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: It opened at No. 6 in Australia with grossing A$99,964 and No. 4 in New Zealand with gross of NZ$36,932 on its opening day. In its opening weekend, the film grossed A$391,757 in Australia from 62 screens with a per-screen average of over A$6,300, and finished fifth in the weekend chart. In New Zealand, it finished fourth, grossing NZ$123,300 in its opening weekend. In United States and Canada, the film grossed US$367,000 from 78 theatres, with highest per-screen average of $4,700 in its opening weekend. The weekend was also noteworthy for being the lowest combined-grossing since October 1998, with all films totaling just $55.3 million. According to "Bollywood Hungama", the film grossed US$82,935 in United States, US$305,329 in Canada, £87,842 in United Kingdom, and €4,831 in Germany in its opening weekend. The film grossed A$538,073 and NZ$161,574 in its opening week in Australia and New Zealand respectively. As of May 2020, the film has grossed US$76,384 at United Arab Emirates.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: The film re-released on 27 August 2021, and collected ₹1.01 crore and 1.15 crore on opening days respectively in India. In United States and Canada, the film grossed $163,000 on its first day with the highest per screen average of $7,462.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: As of 12 September 2021 the film has grossed ₹17.19 crores in India and ₹30.41 crores at overseas market. The film has grossed worldwide ₹47.60 crores.


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: "Chal Mera Putt 2" opened to the positive response from audience and critics. Gautam Batra of "Koimoi" gave three and a half star out of five. The site's consensus reads, ""Chal Mera Putt 2" is a film not to be missed. It’s a thorough family entertainer which will make you laugh, cry and will create a special place in your heart". Gurlove Singh of "BookMyShow" said, ""Chal Mera Putt 2" is a perfect follow up to the 2019 blockbuster "Chal Mera Putt". It’s heartwarming to see Indian and Pakistani actors share screen space. The quality of cinema that they bring out from their acts is worth applauding. The film has a number of comic sequences that bring the house down".


title: Chal Mera Putt 2

text: Makers have decided to make another sequel with same cast and crew. The principal photography of the film is expected to begin in July–August 2020. The makers have said that we will be shooting for Chal Mera Putt 3 in April 2021. On 29 Of August 2021, Rhythm Boyz uploaded the teaser of Chal Mera Putt 3 on their YouTube channel. In this teaser they mention that the film will be releasing worldwide on 1 October 2021.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Gary James Paulsen (May 17, 1939 – October 13, 2021) was an American writer of children's and young adult fiction, best known for coming-of-age stories about the wilderness. He was the author of more than 200 books and wrote more than 200 magazine articles and short stories, and several plays, all primarily for teenagers. He won the Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association in 1997 for his lifetime contribution in writing for teens.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Gary Paulsen was born on May 17, 1939, in Minneapolis to Oscar Paulsen and Eunice Paulsen, née Moen. His father was a career Army officer who departed soon after Gary’s birth to join General Patton’s staff. Gary next saw his father at age 7 when he and his mother sailed to the Philippines to join him at his Army base. He and his mother lived in Thief River Falls, Minnesota. When Gary was 4, his mother took him to live in Chicago. Before World War II ended, she sent him to live with relatives on a farm for a year.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: He wrote some fragmented autobiographical works describing his early life, such as "Eastern Sun, Winter Moon: An Autobiographical Odyssey". The book, which is written in the first person, begins when he was seven, living in Chicago with his mother. Paulsen described several traumatic occurrences that transpired during the three years that are chronicled by the book. For example, one day while his mother was napping, Gary sneaked outside to play. There a vagrant snatched him and apparently attempted to molest him, but his mother suddenly appeared on the scene and beat the man. Paulsen reported an affair his mother had in "Eastern Sun". He also discussed his mother's alcoholism.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: When World War II ended, Gary's father sent for him and his mother to come to join him in the Philippines, where he was stationed. A great part of the book Eastern Sun, Winter Moon is dedicated to the voyage by naval vessels (liberty ships) to the Philippines. During the trip, Gary witnessed a plane crash. He, his mother, and the people who were also being transported on this liberty ship looked on as many of the airplane's passengers were killed or maimed by the sharks that would follow the ship consuming waste. His mother, the only woman aboard, helped the ship's corpsman care for the surviving victims. After arriving in Hawaii, according to Paulsen, his mother began an affair with the corpsman.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: In elementary school, he was quite deficient at literacy class and struggled with it. The accounts in "Eastern Sun" ended when Gary and his mother left Manila.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Bits and pieces of Gary's adolescence can be cobbled together in "". In that book, Paulsen discusses how he survived between the ages of twelve and fourteen back in Minnesota. He barely mentions his parents except to say that they were too busy being drunk to stock the refrigerator. He worked several jobs during this time, including setting pins at a bowling alley, delivering newspapers, and working as a farmhand. He bought his own school supplies and a .22 single-shot rifle, which he used to hunt for sustenance. Eventually, he gave up the rifle and manufactured his own bow and arrows, which he used to hunt deer.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Paulsen graduated from Lincoln High School in Thief River Falls, Minnesota. He attended Bemidji State University, but dropped out. He claimed to have joined the Army at age 17, which age he reached in 1956; his service seems to have begun when he was 19 or 20, in 1959. He served in the United States Army between 1959 and 1962, attaining the rank of sergeant while working with missiles. His Army service brought him to New Mexico for a while, a place in which he later chose to settle.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Much of what is known about Paulsen's life was revealed in the prologues and epilogues of his own books. In "The Quilt", one of a series of three novels based on summers spent with his grandmother, Paulsen recounts what a tremendous influence his grandmother had on him. It is difficult to say how factual an autobiography "The Quilt" is intended to be, as Paulsen is supposed to have been six years old in this story and yet he made references to events found in "Eastern Sun", which is supposed to have been set later. He also refers to himself, in this book, in the third person and only as "the boy".


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Much of Paulsen's work features the outdoors and highlights the importance of nature. He often uses "coming of age" themes in his novels, where a character masters the art of survival in isolation as a rite of passage to manhood and maturity. He was critical of technology and has been called a Luddite.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: According to Paulsen's "New York Times" obituary, "Hatchet" (1986), is probably his best-known novel. Other well known works include "Dogsong" (1985) and "The Winter Room" (1989).


title: Gary Paulsen

text: The ALA Margaret Edwards Award recognizes one writer and a particular body of work for a "significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature". Paulsen won the annual award in 1997, when the panel cited six books published from 1983 to 1990: "Dancing Carl", "Hatchet" (first in the series), "The Crossing", "The Winter Room", "Canyons", and "Woodsong". The citation noted that "[t]he theme of survival is woven throughout, whether it is living through a plane crash or living in an abusive, alcoholic household" and emphasized "Hatchet" in particular for "encompassing a survival theme in all its aspects, physical as well as psychological".


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Three of Paulsen's books were runners-up for the Newbery Medal, the premier ALA annual book award for children's literature: "Dogsong", "Hatchet", and "The Winter Room".


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Paulsen’s first two marriages ended in divorce. In the mid-1960s, Paulsen moved to Taos, New Mexico, where he met his third wife Ruth Wright. In 1971, Paulsen married Ruth, who illustrates children's literature. Paulsen had two children from his first marriage, Lynn and Lance, and a son Jim from his third marriage with Ruth Wright. Although a successful author, Paulsen said he chose to live modestly. He lived throughout New Mexico, including in Santa Fe, La Luz, White Oaks, and Tularosa. He also spent time living on a houseboat on the Pacific Ocean.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: In 1983, Paulsen entered the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, and placed 41st out of 54 finishers, with an official time of 17 days, 12 hours, 38 minutes, and 38 seconds. In 1990, suffering from heart disease, Paulsen decided to give up dog sledding, which he described as the most difficult decision he had ever made. Paulsen would spend more than a decade sailing the Pacific before getting back into dog sledding in 2003. According to his keynote speech on October 13, 2007, at the Sinclair Lewis writing conference in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, he still intended to compete in the Iditarod. He is listed in the "Withdrawn/Scratched" section of the 1985 and 2006 Iditarod. Paulsen was an outdoorsman (a hunter and trapper), who maintained a parcel north of Willow, Alaska, where he bred and trained sled dogs for the Iditarod.


title: Gary Paulsen

text: Paulsen died from cardiac arrest at his home in Tularosa, New Mexico, on October 13, 2021, 11:30 am, at age 82.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Tonight is the 16th studio album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released on 24 September 1984 through EMI America Records. The follow-up to his most commercially successful album "Let's Dance" (1983), it was written and recorded in mid-1984 at Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Canada, following the conclusion of the Serious Moonlight Tour. The music on "Tonight" has been characterised as pop, blue-eyed soul, dance and rock. Much of the album's sound is the same as its predecessor's, due to Bowie's effort to retain the new audience that he had recently attracted, although some tracks contain R&B and reggae influences.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Bowie, Derek Bramble, and Hugh Padgham produced the album. Much of Bowie's creative process was the same as he used on "Let's Dance". Many of the same personnel from "Let's Dance" and the Serious Moonlight tour returned for the "Tonight" sessions, with a few additions. Like its predecessor, Bowie played no instruments on "Tonight", instead offering little creative input to the musicians during the sessions. Devoid of new ideas from touring, Bowie wrote only two new songs himself. Three songs, including the title track, were covers of Iggy Pop songs, who was present during most of the sessions and co-wrote multiple tracks. The title track is a duet with singer Tina Turner. The artwork, featuring Bowie blue-painted against an oil painting backdrop, was designed by Mick Haggerty.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Supported by the singles "Blue Jean", "Tonight" and "Loving the Alien", "Tonight" was a commercial success, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart. However, it received mostly poor reviews from music critics, with most noting its lack of creativity. Following the critical dismissal of his next studio album "Never Let Me Down" (1987), Bowie would later express dissatisfaction with this period, calling "Tonight" not one of his stronger efforts, a sentiment echoed by later reviewers and Bowie's biographers. He did not tour to support the album and only performed "Loving the Alien" and "Blue Jean" on subsequent tours. The album was remastered in 2018 as part of the box set "Loving the Alien (1983–1988)".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: David Bowie released his 15th studio album "Let's Dance" in April 1983. It was a major commercial success, propelling Bowie to worldwide megastardom. He supported the album with his Serious Moonlight Tour from May to December 1983. Although it was hugely successful, Bowie later found the tour to be a mixed blessing, realising he no longer knew his audience. Because of the stress of the Serious Moonlight tour, Bowie found himself at a creative stalemate; he would later admit that touring always left him devoid of new ideas. At the conclusion of the tour, Bowie went on holiday in Bali and Java with his friend, singer Iggy Pop. Biographer Nicholas Pegg writes that until the success of Bowie's recording of "China Girl", Pop's fortunes had been dwindling since 1979 and he was forced to tour constantly. After holidaying together, Bowie was eager to work with Pop on his next record. Although Bowie felt he was ill-prepared to record a new album, pressure from the label to release a follow-up led him into the studio in the spring of 1984 unprepared.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Following the release of "Let's Dance", Bowie said he wanted his next record to "go further"; he wanted to explore R&B, funk and reggae music. Bowie did not invite Nile Rodgers, the co-producer of "Let's Dance", to work on the new record. Though initially surprised, Rodgers later attributed the decision to Bowie wanting to prove he could make hits without a "celebrated hit-maker". Bowie chose Derek Bramble, a former bass guitarist for the band Heatwave and more recently a producer for David Grant of the band Linx instead. "I had no idea, he just came searching for me," Bramble later said. As he had done with Rodgers for "Let's Dance", Bowie invited Bramble to Mountain Studios in Montreux, Switzerland, to record demos of his new material. Emphasising reggae, a group of local Swiss musicians cut demos. According to biographer Chris O'Leary, musicians present at the "Tonight" sessions said the demos were "tremendous", describing them as "funky, raw, [and] full of promise".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: The engineer of "Let's Dance", Bob Clearmountain, was asked to return but was unavailable; he suggested Hugh Padgham, who had worked with XTC, Genesis, Peter Gabriel, and more recently with the Police as a producer. Padgham later admitted to having mixed feelings about working solely as an engineer but accepted Bowie wanted to work this way. Padgham suggested Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Canada, where he had recently completed work with the Police.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Recording for the new album officially began at Le Studio in May 1984, less than five months after the Serious Moonlight tour. Bowie arrived for the sessions with eight of the nine songs that would appear on the album. This surprised collaborator Carlos Alomar, who said "it was the first time in the eleven years that I've been with the damn man that he's brought in anything". Along with Alomar, most of the personnel from "Let's Dance" and the tour returned for the record, alongside newcomers Mark Pender, Curtis King and Guy St Onge. Pegg writes Onge's contributions on marimba provide the album with "its most distinctive instrumental identity". The saxophone section, in line with the tour's brochure, was dubbed "the Borneo Horns". Like "Let's Dance", but unlike most previous Bowie albums, Bowie played no instruments, and he delegated almost all responsibility for the music played to his musicians, only occasionally offering critical input. He confessed at the time: "I very much left everybody else to it. I just came in with the songs and the ideas and how they should be played and then watched them put it all together. It was great!"


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Iggy Pop spent a good deal of time in the studio during the sessions, saying, "I worked extensively on that album. There's a lot more work there than is reflected in just the simple co-writing credit for two songs and some of the old stuff." Discussing the collaboration, Bowie said: "We worked very much the way we did on "Lust for Life" and "The Idiot". I often gave him a few anchor images that I wanted him to play off and he would take them away and start free-associating and I would then put that together in a way I could sing." Their collaborations resulted in "Tumble and Twirl" and "Dancing with the Big Boys", which was written and recorded in eight hours as they egged each other on. In what was described as an "exhilarating rush", Bowie and Pop "went in [to the studio] with a few bottles of beer and would virtually bellow out anything that came into their heads," said Padgham. "And I just recorded it all." According to Padgham, the two wrote many songs that did not make the final record. He described these tracks as "more left-field" and "less poppy".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: The album features a guest appearance from singer Tina Turner, who sings a duet with Bowie on the title track. During recording, Bowie and Turner sang face-to-face, although Bowie went back and re-recorded the first verse after deciding to sing his part in a higher octave. Turner had just released her massively successful comeback album "Private Dancer" earlier that year, which featured a cover of Bowie's "1984". Later in 2004, Turner revealed that Bowie rescued her career when she was dealing with domestic violence. In 1983, Bowie was able to get Turner re-signed with Capitol Records, leading to her comeback.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: The sessions were troublesome. Padgham later told biographer David Buckley that Bramble had a habit of asking for "unnecessary retakes". After a vocal take, Bramble would request another, while he and Bowie insisted one was enough; Padgham believed Bramble was not "used to anyone being able to do a vocal in one take". Alomar would later say: "Bramble was a really nice guy, but he didn't know jack-shit about producing." Padgham later revealed in the BBC Radio 2 documentary "Golden Years" that there was a "falling out" with Bramble towards the end of the sessions, leading to his departure and Padgham taking over as producer. Padgham hated many of the songs, specifically "Blue Jean" and the title track, finding them "too poppy", preferring the "more left-field" compositions that were left off the final album. He later felt regret that he "didn't have the balls" to finish the other songs, telling Buckley: "Who am I to say to Mr. David Bowie that his songs suck?"


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Commentators have characterised "Tonight" as pop, blue-eyed soul, dance and rock. Furthermore, James E. Perone recognises the presence of reggae, R&B and ska. The record's sound is similar to "Let's Dance" and the Serious Moonlight tour; Bowie purposefully made it this way because he felt the new fans he had accumulated would expect to hear the same thing on the new album that they had heard before. Of the nine songs on the album, Bowie was the sole writer for only two, "Loving the Alien" and "Blue Jean"; two, "Tumble and Twirl" and "Dancing with the Big Boys", were co-written by Bowie and Iggy Pop, and the remaining five are cover versions, three originally by Pop: "Don't Look Down", "Tonight" and "Neighborhood Threat". One cover was the Beach Boys' 1966 song "God Only Knows", which, according to Pegg, was shortlisted for Bowie's 1973 covers album "Pin Ups". Bowie explained: "I think that ["Tonight"] gave me a chance, like "Pin Ups" did a few years ago, to do some covers that I always wanted to do." The final cover is the Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller-penned "I Keep Forgettin'", originally made famous by Chuck Jackson.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Bowie described "Loving the Alien" as a very personal bit of writing that he did not feel fitted in with the rest of the album because it is such a dark song amidst lighter fare. He said, "Alien' came about because of my feeling that so much history is wrong – as is being rediscovered all the time – and that we base so much on the wrong knowledge that we've gleaned." Alomar thought the song "had to do with Major Tom", a claim Bowie rejected. The lyrics are religion-based and politically charged. While Pegg believes it to be a terrific song, he finds it weighed down by "over-elaborate production". Bowie later admitted that the demo was superior. Bowie's reworking of "Don't Look Down" is influenced by reggae music. He had attempted it in many different ways, including jazz rock, march and ska, but felt none of them worked. O'Leary criticises Bowie's version, finding that it strips the "power" of Pop's original. Buckley on the other hand, finds it "super-cool".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Bowie's rendition of "God Only Knows" incorporates strings and saxophone, while he sings his vocal in a croon. Although Bowie was defensive of his recording in an interview with Charles Shaar Murray in 1984, both Pegg and O'Leary consider Bowie's rendition as "the worst recording he ever made". Buckley equally calls it one of two "nadirs" on the record and a "bathetic interpretation". For the title track, Bowie eliminated Pop's original spoken word introduction, calling it an "idiosyncratic thing of [Pop's] that it seemed not part of my vocabulary." Bowie's rendition, sung as a duet with Tina Turner, is reggae-influenced. Her vocals are placed low in the mix, which O'Leary believes gives her "no entry point". Despite mostly being held in low regard, Kurt Loder of "Rolling Stone" at the time praised Bowie's version, calling it "one of the most vibrantly beautiful tracks he's ever recorded".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: "Neighborhood Threat" features a heavier guitar sound than Pop's original, although Pegg says that Bowie's version lacks the original's "doom-laden percussion and wall-of-sound atmospherics". It stands out as a track Bowie wished he had not done, with him later calling it "disastrous". "That's one I wish I'd never touched, or at least touched it differently. It went totally wrong. It sounded so tight and compromised, and it was such a gas doing it. It was the wrong band to do it with – wonderful band, but it wasn't quite right for that song." "Blue Jean" has been generally seen as the best song on the album. O'Leary writes it follows the ""Let's Dance" formula", in that it's an "uptempo throwback" to 1950s and 1960s artists, particularly Eddie Cochran. Later dubbed by Bowie as "sexist rock 'n' roll", Buckley calls it a "fine pop song", albeit "slightly run-of-the-mill by Bowie's standards".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: "Tumble and Twirl" recounts Bowie and Pop's exploits while vacationing in the Indonesian islands of Bali and Java after Bowie's previous tour had ended. Bowie felt that lyrically Pop's work stood out the most on the track. Pegg finds its music as reminiscent of world music, which Bowie explored on "Lodger" (1979). Biographers have criticised the rendition of "I Keep Forgettin"; Buckley called it "unmemorable". At the time, Bowie said, "I always wanted to do that song." "Dancing with the Big Boys" is about the "little guy" being crushed by "oppressive corporate structures". The lyrics were taken from a backlog of unused lyrics. Containing many studio effects, Pegg says it foreshadows what Bowie would explore on "Never Let Me Down" (1987). Bowie has said it is the "best example" of what he was trying to accomplish on "Tonight":


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Mick Haggerty, who designed the artwork for "Let's Dance" (and would do the same for "Never Let Me Down"), did the same for "Tonight". It features a blue-painted Bowie with his hair dyed dark brown, against a backdrop of oil-paint "daubs" and flowers. Pegg and Buckley compare it to the works of Gilbert & George. For the design, Bowie asked Haggarty to create "something heroic", pointing to a Vladimir Tretchikoff painting of a blue-skinned Chinese woman for reference. Although "Consequence of Sound" considers the artwork one of Bowie's "most genuinely beautiful" covers, Buckley states that for the first time, one of Bowie's cover artworks was not innovative, calling it "satirically run-of-the-mill". Paul Du Noyer later said: "If you look at the album covers and the way he's dressed, it looks like a man who has let himself be designed by others rather than reinventing himself, which is what he has proverbially always done."


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: "Blue Jean" was released as the lead single on 10September 1984, backed by "Dancing with the Big Boys". It was a commercial success, peaking at number six in the UK and number eight in the US, mostly promoted with an elaborate 21-minute short film directed by Julien Temple. Partly inspired by the video for Michael Jackson's "Thriller", "Jazzin' for Blue Jean" was shot in August 1984 and features Bowie in dual roles: as Vic, a man with his eye on a girl and as Screaming' Lord Byron, a flamboyant rock star whose forthcoming gig provides the man with a date. Bowie performs "Blue Jean" as Byron towards the end of the film; a shorter music video for "Blue Jean" was shot a few days later. Praised by Pegg for showing off Bowie's comedic talent, "Jazzin' for Blue Jean" led Bowie and Temple to work together for "Absolute Beginners" (1986).


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: EMI America Records released "Tonight" on 24 September 1984, with the catalogue number EMI America DB 1. Its release came only nine months after the end of the Serious Moonlight tour. Coming off the successes of "Let's Dance", the tour and Bowie's appearance in "Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence", "Tonight" continued Bowie's run of commercial successes, peaking at number one on the UK Albums Chart. Although not as successful in the US as its predecessor, "Tonight" peaked at number 11 on the "Billboard" Top 200 Albums chart.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: The title track was released as the second single from the album in November 1984, with "Tumble and Twirl" as the B-side. With no supporting video, the single stalled on the charts, peaking at number 53 in both the UK and the US. A remix of "Loving the Alien" was released as the third and final single in May 1985, with a remix of "Don't Look Down" as the B-side. It stalled on the UK charts at number 19, despite being promoted by a video co-directed by David Mallet. It features Bowie performing on the song on an Escher-like set, at one point appearing in blue similar to the album's cover artwork.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Upon its release, "Tonight" was greeted with mostly unenthusiastic reactions, although it did receive some positive attention. Murray complimented the record's "dizzying variety of mood and technique" in "NME", while "Billboard" said that "the once and future [Bowie] takes yet another turn, saving more edgy, passionate dance-rock for the second side while throwing the spotlight on surprisingly restrained ballads and mid-tempo rockers, replete with dreamy rhythms and even lush strings courtesy of Arif Mardin". "Cash Box" was also positive, highlighting a number of strong songs and stating that Bowie "loses none of his unique songwriting and vocal adventurousness" with an album that lies in the "same commercial vein" as "Let's Dance". However, other reviewers criticised it for lacking creativity. Ian Birch of "Smash Hits" felt "Tonight" lacked direction and referred to it as "an uneasy, bumper-to-bumper mixture of styles". "Rolling Stone" said, "This album is a throwaway, and David Bowie knows it." Eleanor Levy of "Record Mirror" additionally called it disappointing by Bowie's standards: a collection of songs—some good, some bad—that do not fit well together. Padgham also said that it was less innovative than other Bowie albums.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Almost immediately following its release, Bowie gave few press interviews for "Tonight", and appeared almost apologetic. In one interview he said, "Recently I've used an "accepted vocabulary", as [Brian] Eno would say...I feel on the whole fairly happy about my state of mind and my physical being and I guess I wanted to put my musical being in a similar staid and healthy area, but I'm not sure that that was a very wise thing to do." He began a series of miscellaneous projects at the end of 1984 which ventured into 1985, starting with collaborating with the Pat Metheny Group on "This Is Not America", for the soundtrack album for "The Falcon and the Snowman" (1985). He then performed at Live Aid, collaborated with Mick Jagger on "Dancing in the Street" and composed songs for the films "Absolute Beginners" (1985) and "Labyrinth" (1986), both of which Bowie starred in.


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: As well as acknowledging that "Tonight" was not one of his stronger efforts, Bowie would later distance himself from his 1984–1987 period following the critical dismissal of "Never Let Me Down". In 1989, while working with Tin Machine, he described both "Tonight" and "Never Let Me Down" as:


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: In 1993, he said he was indifferent about what he was doing and he "let everyone tell [him] what to do". In a 2016 retrospective ranking all of Bowie's 26 studio albums from worst to best, Bryan Wawzenek of "Ultimate Classic Rock" placed "Tonight" at number 24 (above "Black Tie White Noise" and "Never Let Me Down"). He called the entire record as a mixed bag except for "Blue Jean". The writers of "Consequence of Sound" ranked "Tonight" number 20 in their 2018 list, calling it "a sultry and playful side-step to "Let's Dance" that shuffles between island influences, balladeering, and horn-heavy rock."


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Retrospectively, "Tonight" is generally considered to be one of Bowie's weakest releases. An article for "Melody Maker" later dismissed "Tonight" as "rotten". AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it "one of the weakest albums Bowie ever recorded" and wrote that "none of the material equals the songs on "Let's Dance"", although he made an exception for "Blue Jean". "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide" described "Tonight" as "an expensive quickie padded with lame covers". Alexis Petridis of "The Guardian" wrote in a retrospective of Bowie's career in 2016: ""Let’s Dance"... had its moments ... "Tonight", however, did not". Jeff Giles of "Ultimate Classic Rock", when revisiting "Tonight" and "Never Let Me Down" said, "["Tonight"] was pleasant enough in its way, but lacking the creative spark that fueled his best work – and nothing close to essential."


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Despite the general critical consensus on the album, "Stylus Magazine" reviewed the album in 2005 as part of its "On Second Thought" section and concluded that "Tonight", although not a great album, is still a good one: "it's a much better album than you think it is, or may have been led to believe. Bowie's made some subpar records, but this isn't one of them—and frankly, even its failures aren't boring, because, well, it's an '80s Bowie album, from a decade in which he was wildly inconsistent, but also never dull." In 2016, Yo Zushi of the "New Statesman" defended the album, writing "no album that begins with the seven-minute masterpiece 'Loving the Alien' and contains the rocking 'Blue Jean' should have received the drubbing it got". He also argued "the TV-special-style cover of the Beach Boys' 'God Only Knows' is as stirring, in its cold, almost Brechtian way, as "Station to Station"s 'Wild Is the Wind' – it's like watching Elvis in [Las] Vegas through a sheet of ice". Reviewing the album's remaster as part of the "Loving the Alien (1983–1988)" box set, Chris Ingalls of "PopMatters" felt the record was a "mixed bag", but its "good moments", citing "Loving the Alien" and "Blue Jean", are "very good indeed".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: Like Bowie, his biographers have generally viewed "Tonight" very unfavourably. While Christopher Sandford calls it one of Bowie's "poorest" albums and "[his] first serious studio misfire since the days of 'The Laughing Gnome'," O'Leary views it in utter disdain: "an immaculately rancid scrap-bag in which a hit single was stuffed into a pile of covers". He considered it "among the least-loved [number one] records of its era". Buckley calls "Tonight" "the nearest thing Bowie had come across to an artistic disaster," while Paul Trynka says that with "Tonight", Bowie's sense of "risk" and randomness "ebbed away". Perone finds the album inconsistent, giving a vibe that it is a mere collection of individual songs rather than a cohesive album. Furthermore, the non-groundbreaking music results in a record that stands below Bowie's better works. Pegg finds that despite its flaws, "Tonight" is a "more interesting and rewarding" record than its predecessor. He considers Bowie's reggae renditions of "Don't Look Down" and the title track "surprisingly successful", and the two Bowie-penned tracks as having strong songwriting. He concludes that it was the first Bowie album that was "manifestly behind its time". In his book "The Man Who Sold the World: David Bowie and the 1970s", author Peter Doggett describes "Tonight" as "bereft of inspiration", although he praised "Loving the Alien".


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: In 1995, Virgin Records re-released the album on CD with three bonus tracks, all of them singles from soundtracks Bowie contributed to in the years immediately following the album's release. EMI re-released the album in 1999 (featuring 24-bit digitally remastered sound and no bonus tracks).


title: Tonight (David Bowie album)

text: In 2018, "Tonight" was remastered for the "Loving the Alien (1983–1988)" box set released by Parlophone, with other discs in the set including remixes and b-sides from the album. The album was released in CD and vinyl formats, as part of this compilation and then separately the following year.


title: Twinkie defense

text: "Twinkie defense" is a derisive label for an improbable legal defense. It is not a recognized legal defense in jurisprudence, but a catch-all term coined by reporters during their coverage of the trial of defendant Dan White for the murders of San Francisco city Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone. White's defense was that he suffered diminished capacity as a result of his depression, a symptom of which was a change in diet from healthy food to Twinkies and other sugary foods. Contrary to common belief, White's attorneys did not argue that the Twinkies were the cause of White's actions, but that their consumption was symptomatic of his underlying depression. The product itself was only mentioned in passing during the trial. White was convicted of voluntary manslaughter rather than first-degree murder, and served five years in prison.


title: Twinkie defense

text: The expression derives from the 1979 trial of Dan White, a former San Francisco police officer and firefighter who was serving as a city district supervisor up until assassinating Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk on November 27, 1978. At the trial, psychiatrist Martin Blinder testified that White had been depressed at the time of the crime, and pointed to several behavioral changes indicating White's depression: he had quit his job; he shunned his wife; and although normally clean-cut, he had become slovenly in appearance. Furthermore, White had previously been a fitness fanatic and health food advocate, but had begun consuming junk food and sugar-laden soft drinks like Coca-Cola. As an incidental note, Blinder mentioned theories that elements of diet could worsen existing mood swings. Another psychiatrist, George Solomon, testified that White had "exploded" and was "sort of on automatic pilot" at the time of the killings. The fact that White had killed Moscone and Milk was not challenged, but – in part because of the testimony from Blinder and other psychiatrists – the defense successfully convinced the jury that White's capacity for rational thought had been diminished; the jurors found White incapable of the premeditation required for a murder conviction, and instead convicted him of voluntary manslaughter. Public protests over the verdict led to the White Night Riots.


title: Twinkie defense

text: Twinkies were only mentioned incidentally in the courtroom during the White trial, and junk food was a minor aspect of the defense presentation. The defense did not claim that White was on a sugar rush and committed the murders as a result. However, one reporter's use of the term "Twinkie defense" became popular, leading to a persistent misunderstanding by the public. The misunderstanding was mentioned at the end of "Milk", Gus Van Sant's 2008 biopic of Harvey Milk. In a bonus feature on the DVD version of "The Times of Harvey Milk", a documentary on Milk's life and death, White's lawyers explain what they actually argued in court.


title: Twinkie defense

text: The actual legal defense that White's lawyers used was that his mental capacity had been diminished, and White's consumption of junk food was presented to the jury as one of many "symptoms", not a "cause", of White's depression.


title: Twinkie defense

text: In stories covering the trial, satirist Paul Krassner had played up the angle of the Twinkie, and he would later claim credit for coining the term "Twinkie defense". The day after the verdict, columnist Herb Caen wrote in the "San Francisco Chronicle" about the police support for White, himself a former policeman, and their "dislike of homosexuals" and mentioned "the Twinkie insanity defense" in passing. News stories published after the trial, however, frequently reported the defense arguments inaccurately, claiming that the defense had presented junk food as the cause of White's depression and/or diminished capacity, instead of having been symptomatic of an existing depression. Dan White committed suicide seven years later.


title: Twinkie defense

text: As a result of negative publicity from the White case and others, the term "diminished capacity" was abolished in 1982 by Proposition8 and the California legislature and was replaced by the term "diminished actuality", referring not to the capacity to have a specific intent, but to whether the defendant actually had the required intent to commit the crime. Additionally, California's statutory definitions of premeditation and malice required for murder were eliminated by the state's legislature, with the return to common law definitions. By this time, the "Twinkie defense" had become such a common term that one lawmaker had waved a Twinkie in the air while making his point during a debate.


title: Twinkie defense

text: During oral Supreme Court arguments in "United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez", 548 U.S. 140 (2006), Justice Antonin Scalia referred to the Twinkie defense with regard to the right to counsel of choice as perhaps more important than the right to effective assistance of counsel: "I don't want a competent lawyer. I want a lawyer who's going to get me off. I want a lawyer who will invent the Twinkie defense. ... I would not consider the Twinkie defense an invention of a competent lawyer. But I want a lawyer who's going to win for me."


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Li Na ( or Li Ne, born 3 August 1940), is the daughter of Mao Zedong and his fourth wife Jiang Qing, and their only child together. Her surname is Li rather than Mao, because her father used the pseudonym "Li Desheng" () for a period of time during the Chinese Civil War.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: The names of Li Na and her sister Li Min come from Book 4 of the "Analects" of Confucius: ""ne" yu yan er "min" yu xing" (, meaning "slow" in speech and "earnest" in conduct).


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Li Na was born at Central Hospital in Yan'an on 3 August 1940. In her childhood, she was fascinated by Russian as well as Classical Chinese literature. In 1949, Li moved to Beijing with her parents, and started third grade at Yuying Primary School. Four years later, in 1953, she was admitted to the Beijing Normal University Girls' High School (北京师范大学附属女子中学, now known as Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University).


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Excelling in her studies, she majored in history at Peking University, graduating in 1966. Following her graduation she was assigned to "People's Liberation Army Daily" as a writer, under the pen name Xiao Li, during the Cultural Revolution.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: Subsequently, at the age of 27, she became its chief editor. On 13 January 1967, Li Na organized the "Revolutionary Rebel Commando " and posted a large-character poster of "Where is the People's Liberation Army News Going" to expose Hu Chi (the acting president of Xinhua News Agency and a member of the Cultural Revolution Group within the PLA), Song Qiong, Yang Zicai and the other leaders about the direction of motion of the newspaper.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 17 January, Marshal Lin Biao signed the "Letter to Revolutionary Comrades of the People's Liberation Army Newspaper", affirming that this action ignited a revolutionary flame within the newspaper. She successively served as the head of the military newspaper page groups ('Central Cultural Revolution Reporters' and 'Express'), and the leader of the editor-in-chief leading group of "Liberation Army Daily" (equivalent to editor-in-chief).


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In January of the same year, due to her being the daughter of Mao Zedong and Jiang Qing, she took up the post of head of the Central Cultural Revolution Team. On 23 August 1967, Li Xiao's third big-character poster was published: "Repeatedly, anti-conservative, and vowed to carry the revolution to the end!" She was a member of the 10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1973, and the Party Chief of CCP Pinggu County Committee and Deputy Secretary of CCP Beijing Committee from 1975 to 1994.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 9 September 1976, after years of ill health, Mao Zedong suffered a series of heart attacks and died at the age of 82. After his death, Jiang Qing was arrested and sent to the Qincheng Prison, where she was detained for five years. In the same year, after the end of Cultural Revolution, Li Na's political position was abolished. She was once laid off and was assigned to the Security Bureau dormitory by the Central Office.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: During the 1980s, the trial of Jiang Qing and other members of Gang of Four began and the trials were televised nationwide. During this time, Li Na visited her mother once every two weeks. By 1983, Jiang Qing's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. In 1986, Li Na was assigned to work in the Secretariat of the General Office of the CCP Central Committee, and retired after the 1990s. On 14 May 1991, Jiang Qing committed suicide at the age of 77, by hanging herself in a bathroom of her hospital in Beijing, while on a medical parole.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 9 September 2006, on the 30th anniversary of Mao Zedong's death, she visited the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong along with many of Mao Zedong's staff and descendants to participate in the commemoration. When Li Na finally left the memorial hall, she held the staff tightly and said with tears in her eyes, "Thank you for taking care of my dad for 30 years".


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 21 May 2013, Li Na participated in the opening ceremony of the large-scale theme exhibition "Mao Zedong and China's Two Bombs, One Satellite", to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Mao Zedong's birth and the opening ceremony of the Hainan First Exhibition of "Hundred Generals and Famous Letters Praising Mao Zedong ", which was held at the Hainan Provincial Museum.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 31 October 2013, to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Mao Zedong's birth, a bronze tripod "Mao Gong Bao Ding" was unveiled in Beijing, along with a donation ceremony and symposium which was held. It was attended by Li Na and her husband.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: On 20 May 2015, Li Na visited Northern Shaanxi, the birthplace of the Chinese Communist Revolution, to attend the ceremony honoring her father. The ceremony was also attended by many of those who fought and worked alongside Mao Zedong during the revolution.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1970, she was sent to work at the May 7th School in Jinxian County, Jiangxi, and during her time there, fell in love with Xiao Xu. Xiao was the waiter at the Beidaihe Guesthouse. To the consternation to her mother, but the approval of Mao, Li married Xiao and gave birth to a son, Xu Xiaoning. Mao even gave them a set of Selected Works of Marxism. However, a rift subsequently developed in their marriage, and it ended in divorce.


title: Li Na (daughter of Mao Zedong)

text: In 1984, she was remarried to Wang Jingqing, a bodyguard to Mao Zedong and Chief of Staff of the Nujiang Army Division of Kunming Military Region. As a result of her marriage to Wang, Xu Xiaoning changed his name to Wang Xiaozhi. Xu himself is married and has two children. Wang Jingqing died on 1 March 2021, at the age of 94, from an illness.


title: Michaels

text: Michaels Stores, Inc., more commonly known as Michaels, is a privately held chain of 1,252 American and Canadian arts and crafts stores, as of January 2021. It is one of North America's largest providers of arts, crafts, framing, floral and wall décor, and merchandise for makers and do-it-yourself home decorators. The company was founded in 1973 by Michael J. Dupey in Dallas, Texas. The company is part of The Michaels Companies, founded in 2014 and headquartered in Irving, Texas. In addition to Michaels stores, The Michaels Companies operates Aaron Brothers Custom Framing store-within-a-store, and Artistree, a manufacturer of custom and specialty framing merchandise. The company also develops over a dozen private brands sold in Michaels stores, including Recollections, Studio Décor, Bead Landing, Creatology and Ashland. In March 2021, Michaels parent The Michaels Companies agreed to be acquired by private equity company Apollo Global Management, and the acquisition was completed in April 2021.


title: Michaels

text: In 1973, Dallas businessman Michael J. Dupey founded Michaels in Dallas, Texas, when he converted a money-losing Ben Franklin five and dime store into an arts and crafts store.


title: Michaels

text: In 1982, Dallas businessman Sam Wyly bought a controlling interest in the company, which by then had 11 outlets with annual revenues around $10 million. After the sale, Dupey founded MJ Designs, which was later bought out by The Michaels Companies.


title: Michaels

text: In 1984, the company was first publicly traded (on NASDAQ) under parent entity The Michaels Companies, which operated 16 stores. Over the next decade, the company bought craft and hobby stores in local and regional markets.


title: Michaels

text: In 1994, Michaels Stores expanded acquired craft stores in the Pacific Northwest, including Treasure House Crafts, Oregon Craft & Floral Supply, and H&H Craft & Floral. In the Midwest and Northeast, it bought Leewards Creative Crafts, a 101-unit store chain.


title: Michaels

text: In 1995, Michaels Stores acquired Aaron Brothers Holdings, Inc., a specialty framing and art supply store.


title: Michaels

text: In 2006, two private equity groups, Bain Capital and the Blackstone Group, purchased Michaels Stores for $6 billion, taking it private.<ref name="Blackstone, 10/31/2006, purchase"></ref>


title: Michaels

text: In May 2007, Martha Stewart and Michaels launched "Martha Stewart Crafts," an online resource for home "do-it-yourselfers" with how-to instructions, projects, and crafting products.


title: Michaels

text: In 2010, Michaels began a partnership with Chef Duff to feature the Duff Goldman Collection in its stores. The line includes baking products including fondant, sprinkle sets, color spray, cake tattoos and color paste.<ref name="Vozzella, BaltSun 06/25/2010"></ref>


title: Michaels

text: In February 2011, Michaels and Aaron Brothers stores suffered a data compromise that affected their debit card terminals in 20 states. The company alerted customers who made PIN-based purchases between February 8 and May 6, 2011, that their data may have been exposed. A class action lawsuit was filed against Michaels in the County Court of Passaic, New Jersey over the incident.


title: Michaels

text: In March 2012, "Reuters" reported that JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs were "the leads on what could be one of the year's largest IPOs in the retail sector", with one source saying the IPO would be registered in April. "Reuters" further reported that Michaels posted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization of $661 million in 2011 and had total debt of $3.5 billion as of January 28, 2012. The filing, for a $500 million common stock issue, came on March 30. The ticker would be MIK on the NYSE. A report on the filing put the company's debt at $3.8 billion and said 2011 revenue was $4.2 billion and net income was $176M. In July, the IPO was "put on hold indefinitely" after CEO John Menzer suffered a stroke. In Menzer's absence, Lew Klessel, Bain managing director, and Charles Sonsteby, Michaels' chief administrative officer and chief financial officer, served in a temporary Office of CEO.


title: Michaels

text: In February 2013, Chuck Rubin was appointed CEO. Rubin was president and CEO of personal-care specialty retailer Ulta Beauty at the time of his appointment and had previously been with Office Depot and Accenture. The Michaels Office of CEO was discontinued when Rubin assumed his position later in February and Sonsteby continued as CAO/CFO.


title: Michaels

text: As of January 2021, there were 1,252 Michaels stores in 49 out of 50 states in the U.S., and Canada, with approximately $5.362 billion in sales for fiscal 2020. The stores were taken private once again in April 2021, when parent The Michaels Companies was acquired by venture capital firm Apollo Global Management.


title: Michaels

text: Michaels Stores sell a variety of arts and crafts products, including scrapbooking, beading, knitting, rubber stamping, home décor items, floral items, kids' crafts, paints, framing, greenery, baking and many seasonal items. Michaels produces a number of private brands including Recollections, Studio Decor, Bead Landing, Creatology, Ashland, Celebrate It, Art Minds, Artist's Loft, Craft Smart, Loops & Threads, Make Market, Foamies, LockerLookz, Imagin8, and Sticky Sticks.


title: Michaels

text: The company also offers custom framing through its Aaron Brothers Custom Framing store-within-a-store and online. Online, customers can upload, edit and print photos from their computer or social media sites. They can then select and customize the size, surface, frame and mat.


title: Michaels

text: The company also develops over a dozen private brands sold in Michaels stores, including Recollections, Studio Décor, Bead Landing, Creatology and Ashland.


title: Gaelic

text: Gaelic is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". As a noun it refers to the group of languages spoken by the Gaels, or to any one of the languages individually. Gaelic languages are spoken in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Canada.


title: Hunt (film)

text: Hunt () is a 2022 South Korean espionage action film directed by Lee Jung-jae in his feature directorial debut, starring Lee and Jung Woo-sung. It was invited to the non-competitive Midnight Screening section at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival. It was released theatrically on August 10, 2022 in South Korea.


title: Hunt (film)

text: The film was scheduled to be available for streaming on Netflix from December 7, 2022, but has not been made available yet.


title: Hunt (film)

text: The film deals with three major historical events in the 1980s; the May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement (1980), the defection of North Korean pilot Lee Ung-pyeong (1983), and the Aung San terrorist attack (1983).


title: Hunt (film)

text: In the 1980s, when the military dictatorship reached its peak, KCIA Foreign Unit chief Park Pyong-ho (Lee Jung-jae) and Domestic Unit chief Kim Jung-do (Jung Woo-sung) are working together in Washington D.C., protecting the president. While they are on patrol, the CIA notices the enemy sniper and informs the Korean team about it. Park and Kim catch the sniper dead. After the sniper incident in Washington, the director of KCIA tells Park and Kim that there is a North Korean mole within the company, known as Donglim. According to intel from the CIA, he is a dangerous spy of North Korea who tries to assassinate the president of the South. While Kim and Park decide to take the chance together, a North Korean nuclear physicist staying in Japan tries the asylum of the South. Park's team conducts an operation in Tokyo to proceed with the exile of the physicist, but it fails. Afterwards, the two teams begin to pursue Donglim in their own way. After a long investigation, they uncover the truth about each other. Kim is planning to assassinate president with his followers, although he is not Donglim because he has faced the truth of Gwangju Democratic Movement, and the massacre of poor, innocent citizens, while Park is the actual Donglim. Park escapes the agents' pursuit and meets the informant to receive his orders. But he is soon shocked to find out that the operation is going differently from what he knows and Donglim will be killed once he completes his mission. After that, Kim decides to cooperate with Park to kill the president. He saves Park from the North-Korean agents and help to hide his identity from South. In Bangkok, Thailand, North Korean snipers and Kim prepare for the assassination on their way. When the president arrives, Kim fires a pistol to assassinate him, but Park disturbs it and fails. Meanwhile, a North Korean agent who is infiltrating detonates a bomb as a last resort, but the president escapes the explosion, and Kim is caught up in the explosion and dies. After the incident in Thailand, Park visits Kim's family to deliver a tribute, then goes south to prepare an escape to America. However, as he drives along the coast, North Korean agents appear and assassinate him with two pistol shots. The film ends with a sight of Park, who is shot and collapse in the car, and the calm waves of the sea.


title: Hunt (film)

text: The film was first known as a movie titled "Namsan" in which Lee Jung-jae decided to take the lead role in 2017 and had to cancel the production before filming due to various circumstances. Then Lee himself refined its script and prepared for 4 years. In addition to directing, starring and contributing to the screenplay, he also co-produced the film.


title: Hunt (film)

text: On August 3, 2022, Lee revealed that he re-edited the film after Cannes screening and the new version will be screened at Toronto International Film Festival for its North American premier. However the original will be used for the theatrical release in South Korea.


title: Hunt (film)

text: To help global audiences get a better understanding of the political era depicted in the film, Lee revised several key lines and scenes which made some actors re-record the dialogues. Explaining, Lee stated, “When writing the script of 'Hunt,' I set younger generations in South Korea who learn about the era from history textbooks as the target audience. I thought foreign viewers would be the same... But at Cannes, about 30% of foreign media reviews complained that it was hard for them to keep up with the story, as they didn’t know about Korean politics in the 1980s.”


title: Hunt (film)

text: The film premiered at the 75th Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2022 at the Lumière Theater, where it received a seven-minute standing ovation. It was released in theaters on August 10, 2022 by Megabox. The film's distribution rights were pre-sold to 207 territories. The film was invited to 2022 Toronto International Film Festival and will be screened at the Gala Presentations section in September 2022. Magnolia Pictures acquired the distribution rights for a U.S. theatrical release in December of 2022.


title: Hunt (film)

text: On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Hunt (film)

text: Pete Hammond in his review for "Deadline" praised the direction, cinematography and performance of main and supporting cast. Peter Debruge writing for "Variety" described "Hunt" as a "long but lightning-paced film with a jolt of adrenaline" and appreciated Lee's direction and acting. Lou Thomas of BFI wrote that the film is packed with "thrillingly violent action scenes and jaw-dropping shocks" but "Lee occasionally forgets to keep things comprehensible or believable" and called the movie fun to watch. David Rooney writing for "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that the film lacks character depth and storytelling coherence and called it "an increasingly frustrating movie that loses its way amid a dense thicket of plot complications, double-dealings, counterplans and surprise revelations." David Ehrlich of "IndieWire" graded the film as C, described it as "hopelessly convoluted espionage thriller that doesn’t tell a story" and stated "Lee’s debut is little more than a chattering Pez dispenser full of plot twists." In his review for "South China Morning Post", Clarence Tsui wrote that the film is "excessively bombastic and muddled" except for history junkies and hardcore action-movie fans, called the storyline messy and confusing for audiences who are unfamiliar with the historical setting of the film, and gave 2 stars out of 5.


title: Hunt (film)

text: Kim Seon-woo reviewing for JTBC praised the film's great visuals, detailed mise-en-scène, and spectacular action scenes and added that the large and small reversals in the plot maintain the tension of the film until the very end. Ryu Ji-yoon writing for "Dailian" praised the portrayal of Park Pyeong-do and Kim Jeong-do, who have the same goal but different methods, being densely designed to fill the cinematic imagination and fun and added, "It is not difficult to understand historical events without prior knowledge, but the more you know, the more you see." Choi Young-joo of "No Cut News" stated, "although it is called an espionage action genre, it is regrettable that the center of gravity is focused on the rushing 'action' rather than 'espionage' that goes back and forth in suspicion" but praised the film's sounds, sets and props that made the audience feel the atmosphere of the 1980s and the direction of Lee who reached his goal with a formidable theme and content. Song Kyung-won of "Cine21" outlined the film as "a film that takes a motif from a true story, but makes the most of the historical imagination, and is essentially focused on action rather than espionage" and concluded, "Despite some expediency that fills in the holes in the narrative, it is a decent debut that blends historical imagination and commercial achievements."


title: Hunt (film)

text: The film was released on 1548 screens on August 11, 2022 in South Korea. The opening recorded 210,000 admissions and topped the South Korean box office. The film surpassed 1 million admissions in 4 days of release and 2 million admissions in 7 days of release. On the 12th day, "Hunt" became the third South Korean film in 2022 to cross 3 million admissions. On the 25th day, it surpassed 4 million admissions.


title: Hunt (film)

text: , it is the 4th highest-grossing Korean film of 2022 with gross of US$33,814,228 and 4,352,407 admissions.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Erik Rodriguez "EJ" Manuel Jr. (born March 19, 1990) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Florida State, leading the Seminoles to an ACC championship and Orange Bowl win in his senior year, and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the first round of the 2013 NFL Draft.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Drafted by the Bills to be their franchise quarterback, Manuel suffered several injuries and saw his on-the-field performance struggle. After starting 10 games in his rookie year and throwing for 1,972 yards and 11 touchdowns, Manuel made just a combined seven starts and threw eight touchdowns over the next three seasons, sitting behind Kyle Orton and Tyrod Taylor on the depth chart. After leaving the Bills, he then spent one year with the Oakland Raiders, sat out the 2018 season and signed with the Kansas City Chiefs in 2019 before retiring during the offseason that year.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel was born in Virginia Beach, Virginia on March 19, 1990. He attended Bayside High School Virginia Beach, where he played for the Bayside Marlins high school football team. During his time with the Marlins, Manuel recorded nearly 7,400 yards and 68 touchdowns. He was considered a five-star recruit by Scout, a four star recruit by Rivals. He was an All-American quarterback in high school.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel enrolled in Florida State University, where he played for coach Bobby Bowden and coach Jimbo Fisher's Florida State Seminoles football teams from 2008 to 2012. While he was a student, he joined the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. Manuel became the second collegiate quarterback to win four straight bowl games, the first being Pat White of West Virginia (2005–2008).


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel took over for an injured Christian Ponder as the 4–5 Seminoles were in danger of finishing with a losing record for the first time since Bobby Bowden took over the program. His first start was an away game against Wake Forest. He completed 15-of-20 passes for 220 yards with one touchdown, leading the Seminoles to a 41–28 win over Wake Forest, who at the time had won three games in a row against Florida State. Manuel struggled in his second game against Maryland but still managed to pull out a much needed win making FSU bowl-eligible. Manuel's struggles continued against the dominating Florida Gators, and the mobile quarterback was not able to get into a rhythm as Florida State lost, 37–10.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Florida State entered the Gator Bowl 6–6 and in serious danger of letting legendary coach Bobby Bowden leave with a losing record. Manuel led Florida State to a 33–21 victory over the West Virginia Mountaineers and won the Gator Bowl MVP honors.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel started twice in the 2010 season in relief of Christian Ponder, who battled a nagging forearm injury. In his first start against Clemson, he picked up 71 yards on 15 carries. He also led the Seminoles to a victory in the 2010 Chick-fil-A Bowl against South Carolina in relief of Christian Ponder, who was injured in the second quarter of the game.


title: EJ Manuel

text: In the 2011 season, Manuel played in every game besides the loss at Clemson after injuring his shoulder in a loss against Oklahoma the previous week. He finished the season with 2,666 yards passing on a 65% completion rate. He also finished with 18 passing touchdowns, four rushing touchdowns, and eight interceptions. He helped lead the Seminoles to a comeback win against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the Champs Sports Bowl by throwing for 249 yards and two touchdowns.


title: EJ Manuel

text: In the 2012 season, Manuel led the Seminoles to numerous wins over ACC rivals, an ACC Championship, and an Orange Bowl win against Northern Illinois for a 12–2 record in his senior season.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel led the Seminoles to a 12-win season for just the third time in program history and the first time since their dominant stretch in the 1990s. During his senior season, he threw for the second most yards in team history with 3,392, trailing only Chris Weinke's Heisman Trophy winning season, in which Weinke threw for 4,167 yards. Manuel went 25–6 as a starter, won the first BCS bowl for Florida State since 2000, won five out of six games against intrastate rivals Miami and Florida, and he led the offense to its most prolific season in team history, cleanly surpassing the 1999 National Championship squad with 6,591 yards.


title: EJ Manuel

text: NFL.com analyst Bucky Brooks projected him as a top five quarterback heading into the 2013 Draft and compared him to Josh Freeman. While Manuel possesses the blue-chip physical characteristics, work ethic, and leadership qualities necessary to be successful at the NFL level, he was faulted for somewhat inconsistent play at times during his college career.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the first round with the 16th overall pick in the 2013 NFL Draft. He was the only quarterback taken in the first round of the draft, a draft that was seen as especially thin at quarterback; the Bills, who originally drafted eighth and had a great need for a quarterback, even traded down to obtain more picks.


title: EJ Manuel

text: On June 14, 2013, Manuel signed a four-year contract with the Buffalo Bills. The deal is worth a fully guaranteed $8.88 million, including a signing bonus of $4.85 million evenly spaced out annually ($1.2 million) over the next four years. His salary in 2013 was $1.6 million, $2.0 million in 2014, $2.4 million in 2015, and $2.8 million in 2016.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel underwent an operation on his knee to remove fluid buildup after the second game of the preseason and it was unsure if he would be ready to start the season-opener. On September 4, 2013, head coach Doug Marrone announced at the team meeting that Manuel was confirmed to be the starter for Week 1. In the season opener, Manuel completed his first NFL touchdown to fellow rookie Robert Woods, on an 18-yard completion. On September 15, Manuel engineered his first fourth-quarter comeback, with a nine-play, 80-yard touchdown march to bring his team from a six-point deficit in the fourth quarter with seconds left in the game. The Buffalo Bills went on to win in a Week 2 game against the Carolina Panthers by a score of 24–23. Manuel was voted the "Pepsi Next NFL Rookie of the Week" for his performance.


title: EJ Manuel

text: On October 3, 2013, during the third quarter against the Cleveland Browns, Manuel sprained his right lateral collateral ligament, causing him to miss the next five weeks of his rookie season. Manuel had an up and down first year, but was given a vote of confidence by coach Doug Marrone as he was announced as the starting quarterback for the 2014 season. In 10 games of his rookie year in 2013, Manuel had 1,972 passing yards with 11 touchdowns and 9 interceptions. In addition, he rushed for 186 yards with two rushing touchdowns.


title: EJ Manuel

text: On September 28, 2014, in a game against the Houston Texans, one of Manuel's passes was intercepted by All-Pro defensive end J. J. Watt and returned 80 yards for a touchdown. The next day, he was benched in favor of veteran quarterback Kyle Orton after starting the first four games of the 2014 season and bringing the Bills to a 2–2 record. Manuel finished the 2014 with 838 yards, 5 touchdowns, 3 interceptions, and a career-high passer rating of 80.3. Orton would win seven of the next 12 games, finishing the Bills 2014 season with a 9–7 record, the first time the Bills had posted a winning record since 2004.


title: EJ Manuel

text: After posting the franchise's first winning record in a decade, Orton retired and Marrone opted out of the rest of his contract. The Bills then hired former division rival Rex Ryan as head coach. Manuel competed with free agent acquisition Tyrod Taylor and trade acquisition Matt Cassel for the starting quarterback job. During mini-camp, Manuel struggled to compete for the starting job and was listed as the third-string quarterback on the depth chart. Manuel performed well in the third preseason game, completing nearly all of his passes, showing improved accuracy. On August 31, 2015, coach Rex Ryan announced that Manuel and Cassel had lost the starting job to Taylor.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Manuel made his first start in over a year in Week 6 against the undefeated Cincinnati Bengals in place of an injured Tyrod Taylor, who suffered an MCL injury the previous week. On the first drive of the game for the Bills against the Bengals, he led the Bills 80 yards down the field for a touchdown. Manuel finished 28-42 for 263 passing yards, a passing touchdown, one rushing touchdown and an interception in the 34–21 loss.


title: EJ Manuel

text: Against the Jacksonville Jaguars on October 25 in London, Manuel threw for 298 yards and two touchdowns but had three costly turnovers, two of which were returned directly for scores in the second quarter. He rallied the Bills from 24 points down to take the lead in the fourth quarter. However, Jacksonville regained the lead with a Blake Bortles touchdown pass to wide receiver Allen Hurns, sealing the win 34–31 as the Bills were unable to respond. With the loss, Manuel became the first quarterback in NFL history to lose a game in three countries (United States, Canada, and England).


title: EJ Manuel

text: On May 2, 2016, it was announced that the Bills declined to exercise Manuel's fifth-year option for the 2017 season. He would see spot duty through the first part of the 2016 season, usually as parts of trick plays. With the Bills being out of playoff contention, Manuel started the final game of the regular season due to Tyrod Taylor being inactive. Manuel completed 9 of 20 passes for 86 yards before being benched for rookie quarterback Cardale Jones to start the fourth quarter.


title: EJ Manuel

text: On March 20, 2017, Manuel signed a one-year contract with the Oakland Raiders. During Week 4 game against the Denver Broncos, Derek Carr suffered a back injury in the third quarter and was relieved by Manuel, who completed 11 of 17 passes for 106 yards and an interception as the Raiders lost by a score of 16–10. Due to Carr's injury, Manuel started the Week 5 game against the Baltimore Ravens, completing 13 of 26 passes for 159 yards and a touchdown as the Raiders lost by a score of 30–17. With the Raiders' loss to the New England Patriots on November 19 in Mexico City, Manuel became the first quarterback in NFL history to be on a team that would lose a game in four different countries (United States, Canada, England, and Mexico).


title: EJ Manuel

text: On May 13, 2019, Manuel announced his retirement. Shortly after, he announced that he will be joining the ACC Network as a college football analyst.


title: EJ Manuel

text: It was reported that Manuel would be offering stock in his future earnings via a venture with Fantex, Inc. as part of a new financial instrument being sold by Fantex. He planned to offer a 10% share of all future earnings from his brand to Fantex, which would then turn around and divide it into shares of a publicly traded tracking stock.


title: EJ Manuel

text: In July 2014, the Manuel/Fantex stock offering was completed. 523,700 shares were sold, valued at $10 per share.


title: The Snowman

text: The Snowman is a 1982 British animated television film based on Raymond Briggs's 1978 picture book "The Snowman." It was directed by Dianne Jackson for Channel 4. It was first shown on 26 December 1982, and was an immediate success. It was nominated for Best Animated Short Film at the 55th Academy Awards and won a BAFTA TV Award.


title: The Snowman

text: The story is told through pictures, action and music, scored by Howard Blake. It has no words, with the exception of the central song, "Walking in the Air". The orchestral score was performed by the Sinfonia of London and the song was performed by Peter Auty, a St Paul's Cathedral choirboy.


title: The Snowman

text: The film ranked at number 71 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, based on a vote by industry professionals. It was voted number 4 in UKTV Gold's "Greatest TV Christmas Moments". It came third in Channel 4's poll of "100 Greatest Christmas Moments" in 2004. Its broadcast, usually on Christmas Eve on Channel 4, has become an annual festive event in the UK. A sequel, "The Snowman and the Snowdog", was released in 2012.


title: The Snowman

text: "The Snowman" is a wordless children's picture book by Raymond Briggs, first published in 1978 by Hamish Hamilton in the United Kingdom, and published by Random House in the United States in November of the same year. In the United Kingdom, it was the runner-up for the Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British writer. In the United States, it was named to the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list in 1979.


title: The Snowman

text: Iain Harvey, the film's executive producer and publisher at Hamish Hamilton, recalls that the book had initially sold well, but a second print had been less successful with 50,000 unsold copies sitting in a warehouse, which he attributes to the lack of dialogue which prevented it being read as a bedtime story. In 1980 he was contacted by producer John Coates from TVC (Television Cartoons) with an idea of adapting the book for an animated film, for which he gave his consent.


title: The Snowman

text: In March 1982, Coates presented an "animatic" storyboard version with a basic piano track by Howard Blake, including an early version of "Walking in the Air" to commissioning executives at the fledgeling Channel 4, a new public service television company which was due to begin broadcasting in November 1982. The director Dianne Jackson had worked with Coates on The Beatles' "Yellow Submarine" and had mainly worked on short animations and commercials; this was her first time directing a longer animated film. As a result, the experienced animator Jimmy T. Murakami was brought in to supervise. The film was produced using traditional animation techniques, consisting of pastels, crayons and other colouring tools drawn on pieces of celluloid, which were traced over hand drawn frames. For continuity purposes, the background artwork was painted using the same tools.


title: The Snowman

text: The story was expanded to fill 26 minutes and include a longer flying sequence which takes the boy to the North Pole and a party with Father Christmas which is not present in the picture book. The animators also brought in personal touches – a static sequence with a car is replaced by a motorcycle ride, as one of the animators was a keen motorcyclist and it was noted by Iain Harvey that this sequence kept "the action flowing after all the fun and comedy of the boy and the Snowman exploring the house and forming a friendship – and what could be better than a midnight run in a snowy landscape". Similarly, although the boy in the book is unnamed, in the film he is named "James" on his present tag, added by animator Joanna Harrison as it was her boyfriend's (later her husband) name. Interviewed in 2012, Raymond Briggs recalls that he thought "'It's a bit corny and twee, dragging in Christmas', as "The Snowman" had nothing to do with that, but it worked extremely well."


title: The Snowman

text: The boy's home appears to be located in the South Downs of England, near to Brighton; he and the snowman fly over the Royal Pavilion and Palace Pier. Raymond Briggs has lived in Sussex since 1961, and the composer Howard Blake was also a native of the county.


title: The Snowman

text: The production team contacted Howard Blake early in the production, as they were having difficulties finding the right tone for adapting the wordless picture book. Blake suggested that the whole film should not feature dialogue, but instead a through-composed orchestral soundtrack. He recalls the song "Walking in the Air" was written some years earlier during a difficult period in his life, and the song formed the main theme for the work.


title: The Snowman

text: Howard Blake's orchestral score was performed in the film by the Sinfonia of London. The song "Walking in the Air" is sung in the film by chorister Peter Auty, who was not credited in the original version. He was given a credit on the 20th anniversary version.


title: The Snowman

text: In 1985, "Walking in the Air" was covered by chorister Aled Jones in a single which peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. Jones is sometimes mistakenly credited with having sung the song in the film. Blake's soundtrack for "The Snowman" is often performed as a standalone concert work, often accompanying a projection of the film or sometimes with a narrator (the version for narrator was first performed by Bernard Cribbins in Summer 1983).


title: The Snowman

text: After a night of heavy snowfall, James, a young boy, wakes up and plays in the snow, eventually building a large snowman. At the stroke of midnight, he sneaks downstairs to find the snowman magically comes to life. James shows the snowman around his house, playing with appliances, toys and other bric-a-brac, all while keeping quiet enough not to wake James's parents. The two find a sheeted-down motorcycle in the house's garden and go for a ride on it through the woods. Its engine heat starts to melt the snowman and he cools off luxuriating in the garage freezer.


title: The Snowman

text: Seeing a picture of the arctic on a packet in the freezer, the snowman is agitated and takes the boy in hand, running through the garden until they take flight. They fly over the South Downs towards the coast, seeing the Royal Pavilion and Brighton Palace Pier, and north along the coast of Norway. They continue through an arctic landscape and into the aurora borealis. They land in a snow-covered forest where they join a party of snowmen. They eventually meet Father Christmas along with his reindeer; he gives the boy a card and a scarf with a snowman pattern. The snowman returns home with James before the sun rises and the two bid farewell for the night.


title: The Snowman

text: The following morning, James wakes up to find that the snowman has melted, leaving only his hat, scarf, coal eyes, tangerine nose, and coal buttons in a pile of melted snow. After discovering the snowman scarf in his pocket from the night prior, confirming that the events were real and not a dream, James kneels down by the snowman's remains while holding his scarf, mourning the loss of his friend.


title: The Snowman

text: The original introduction on Channel 4 features the author Raymond Briggs walking through a field in rural Sussex describing his inspiration for the story, which then transitions into the animated landscape of the film. The film's executive producer Iain Harvey had received interest in the film from U.S. networks and for a VHS release. However, he noted that "in the US programmes were sponsored, and to be sponsored you needed a big name". Various names such as Laurence Olivier and Julie Andrews were suggested, but a request for a rock star led to David Bowie being involved. He was a fan of Briggs's story "When the Wind Blows" and later provided a song for its animated adaptation. In the sequence, Bowie was filmed in the attic of 'his' childhood home and discovering, in a drawer, a scarf closely resembling the one given to the boy towards the end of the film.


title: The Snowman

text: To celebrate the film's 20th anniversary, Channel 4 created an alternative opening directed by Roger Mainwood, with Raymond Briggs's interpretation of Father Christmas recounting how he met the boy. Comedian Mel Smith reprises Father Christmas in this opening. This version is also cropped to fit a 16:9 widescreen format. Channel 4 used this opening from 2002 until Mel Smith's death in 2013, after which they began using the Bowie opening, which in turn returned the film to its original 4:3 aspect ratio.


title: The Snowman

text: The film was nominated as Best Animated Short Film at the 55th Academy Awards in 1983, but lost to the Polish film Tango by Zbigniew Rybczyński. It won a BAFTA for best Children's Programme (Entertainment/Drama) at the 1983 British Academy Television Awards, and was also nominated for Best Graphics. It won the Grand Prix at the Tampere Film Festival in 1984.


title: The Snowman

text: In the British Film Institute's 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, based on a vote by industry professionals it was listed as #71. It was voted #4 in UKTV Gold's "Greatest TV Christmas Moments". It came third in Channel 4's poll of "100 Greatest Christmas Moments" in 2004.


title: The Snowman

text: "The Snowman" was originally released on VHS in 1982 by Palace Video. It has been re-released various times by Palace and later PolyGram Video, and Universal Studios Home Entertainment UK after Palace went out of business.


title: The Snowman

text: "The Snowman" was re-released in 2002 as a DVD special edition and again as a DVD and Blu-ray 30th anniversary edition in the United Kingdom on 5 November 2012 by Universal Studios Home Entertainment UK. The 2002 special edition peaked at No.3 in the video charts. The 2012 home video release includes four extra features: a "Snow Business" documentary,


title: The Snowman

text: "The Story of The Snowman," storyboard, and the introductions used throughout the film's first 20 years. The film re-entered at No.14 on the UK Official children’s Video Chart on 11 November 2012, eventually peaking at No.5 on 16 December 2012 based on sales of DVDs and other physical formats.


title: The Snowman

text: The Universal DVD "The Snowman & Father Christmas" (902 030 – 11), released in the United Kingdom in 2000, uses the Bowie opening.


title: The Snowman

text: A new 25-minute special titled "The Snowman and the Snowdog" aired on Channel 4 on Christmas Eve 2012 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the original short and of Channel 4. Produced at the London-based animation company Lupus Films, with many of the original team returning, the sequel was made in the same traditional techniques as the first film, and features the Snowman, a new young boy named Billy and a snow dog flying over landmarks and going to another party.


title: The Snowman

text: The idea of a sequel had been resisted by Raymond Briggs for several years, but he gave his permission for the film in 2012. Howard Blake was one of the few crew members not asked to return; he was allegedly asked to "send a demo", which he refused citing the success of the original score. The new film instead features the song "Light the Night" by former Razorlight drummer Andy Burrows and incidental music by Ilan Eshkeri.


title: The Snowman

text: The sequel was dedicated to the memory of producer John Coates, who died in September 2012, during its production.


title: The Snowman

text: "The Snowman" has been made into a stage show. It was first produced by Contact Theatre, Manchester in 1986 and was adapted and produced by Anthony Clark. It had a full script and used Howard Blake's music and lyrics. In 1993, Birmingham Repertory Company produced a version, with music and lyrics by Howard Blake, scenario by Blake, with Bill Alexander and choreography by Robert North.


title: The Snowman

text: Since 1997, Sadler's Wells has presented it every year as the Christmas Show at the Peacock Theatre. As in the book and the film, there are no words, apart from the lyrics of the song "Walking in the Air". The story is told through images and movement.


title: The Snowman

text: Special effects include the Snowman and boy flying high over the stage (with assistance of wires and harnesses) and 'snow' falling in part of the auditorium. The production has had several revisions – the most extensive happening in 2000, when major changes were made to the second act, introducing new characters: The Ice Princess and Jack Frost.