title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: Machine learning can be used to spot early-warning signs of disasters and environmental issues, possibly including natural pandemics, earthquakes, landslides, heavy rainfall, long-term water supply vulnerability, tipping-points of ecosystem collapse, cyanobacterial bloom outbreaks, and droughts.


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: GitHub Copilot is an artificial intelligence model developed by GitHub and OpenAI that is able to autocomplete code in multiple programming languages.


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: AI can be used to create other AIs. For example, around November 2017, Google's AutoML project to evolve new neural net topologies created NASNet, a system optimized for ImageNet and POCO F1. NASNet's performance exceeded all previously published performance on ImageNet.


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: Machine learning has been used for noise-cancelling in quantum technology, including quantum sensors. Moreover, there is substantial research and development of using quantum computers with machine learning algorithms. For example, there is a prototype, photonic, for neuromorphic (quantum-)computers (NC)/artificial neural networks and NC-using quantum materials with some variety of potential neuromorphic computing-related applications, and quantum machine learning is a field with some variety of applications under development. AI could be used for quantum simulators which may have the application of solving physics and chemistry problems as well as for quantum annealers for training of neural networks for AI applications. There may also be some usefulness in chemistry, e.g. for drug discovery, and in materials science, e.g. for materials optimization/discovery (with possible relevance to quantum materials manufacturing<ref name="10.1038/s43246-021-00209-z"></ref><ref name="10.1002/adma.202109892"></ref>).


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered AI. All of the following were originally developed in AI laboratories:


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: Business websites and social media platforms for businesses like use chatbots for customer interactions like helping in answering frequently asked questions. Chatbots offers 24/7 support and replaces humans thereby helping in cutting business costs.


title: Applications of artificial intelligence

text: An optical character reader is used in the extraction of data in business documents like invoices and receipts. It can also be used in business contract documents e.g employment agreements to extract critical data like employment terms, delivery terms, termination clauses, etc.


title: Whats Poppin

text: "Whats Poppin" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Jack Harlow, released as the lead single from his EP "Sweet Action", by Generation Now and Atlantic Records on January 21, 2020. It was also included on his debut studio album, "Thats What They All Say," along with its remix. It was produced by JetsonMade, Pooh Beatz, and LosTheProducer. The song has been credited with projecting Harlow's name in the music industry, leading to later successes such as his first studio album, on which "Whats Poppin" features. The track reached the top 10 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. It received a nomination for Best Rap Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards.


title: Whats Poppin

text: Pooh Beatz and JetsonMade's collaboration was their second, after working on DaBaby's hit song "Suge", with them both stating how they were already interested in each other's work prior to the creation of "Whats Poppin". The two toyed with different sounds until they were certain they had produced a perfect beat for the song, which ended up becoming one of 2020's biggest hits. PoohBeatz claimed that the songs title came after a conversation with Harlow about how he wants him to rap for the song, as he had been "popping shit", causing Harlow to think about the title "What's Poppin". The beat for the song was one of the first that the producers came up with, after tweaking with the original and chopping parts out, they found the final version which was a simplistic beat, following from the two's success with "Suge". They said that the simpler the beat, the better, as it allows for the artists creativity to flourish. The use of the 808 pattern was critical in ensuring that the song had enough 'bounce' to be a hit. After this, Harlow stated that he really enjoyed working with the 808 pattern and attempted to incorporate it into his later music. However, JetsonMade made a slight alteration to the 808 pattern, which he thought was crucial in making the song sound better aesthetically. Harlow later stated that when he heard the beat that "this one of the only beats I've ever just like heard, and was like I need this right now". PoohBeatz has also said that he has thoroughly enjoyed the aftermath of the drop of "Whats Poppin" where it has been featured in commercials, as well as the community making remixes. Additionally, Cole Bennett, a music video producer, sent Harlow a message suggesting some alterations to the song to make it more catchy, which Harlow ending up agreeing upon.


title: Whats Poppin

text: The music video for the track, directed by Cole Bennett, was released the same day as the song on Cole's Lyrical Lemonade channel. It features a cameo of Ryan "Rhino" Burton of the YouTube comedy channel LoveLiveServe. As with many popular songs, the music video plays an integral part in its commercial success, resulting in exposure to a wider audience. The music video for "Whats Poppin?" was created by popular music video producer 'Lyrical Lemonade', who has been involved in the production of several other popular music videos, such as productions with 'Juice WRLD' and 'Eminem'. As of April, 2021, the music video has amassed over 130 million views on YouTube. For Harlow, having this song featured on this channel contributed to the success of the song globally. Furthermore, a breakdown video on the creation of "Whats Poppin?" with producers Jetsonmade and PoohBeatz allowed for fans to gain a deeper insight into the song itself. Both producers have spoken about looking for a 'fresh' artist to make a new production with, after both collaborating with DaBaby on popular single "Suge". Additionally, Cole Bennett did an interview in which he dissected the music video itself. Bennett said that an earlier video of Harlow's for the song "Sundown" was "refreshing", causing him to message him on Twitter for a potential collaboration on his Lyrical Lemonade channel in the future. Bennett initially rejected one of his songs, "Cody Banks", as it wasn't the style he was looking for. He said he would only work with him if he found "absolutely perfect" song to allow the audience to get a sense of Harlow's charisma and character. The two became good friends, even throwing a New Year's Eve party together in 2019, until finally discovering "Whats Poppin" in a set of songs that Harlow sent Bennett, who instantly knew that it was perfect for his channel. Bennett was adamant on having the video in one general location, keeping the video, as well as the shooting process and budget, as simplistic as possible. Furthermore, Bennett suggested that the diner, featured in the music video, be the main location, where different areas of the diner are used in different creative lights, bringing in a unique "world" and making the video fun, such as turning the diner booth into a nightclub and a bed. Bennett said that the song itself involved a lot of wordplay, and that the best way to capture this was in various visual settings. Bennett made various creative decisions when making the video, for example the picture used in the video on the dartboard was taken on the set inside the diner by Bennett himself to get the same outfit and "feel" of where the video already was. Additionally, Bennett says the zooms throughout the video were unplanned, but he instead called in the middle of filming and rented out a zoom lens just for those particular shots, something he later admitted was a "vital role" in the video. At the end of this interview, Bennett stated that him and Harlow have a "bunch of stuff coming" following this collaboration.


title: Whats Poppin

text: Mitch Findlay of "HotNewHipHop" called the track "one of Harlow's best in a minute". "Whats Poppin" featured in many top 100 lists by the end of 2020, including finishing 5th in the "Rolling Stone" top 100 most popular songs of 2020. The song also featured in Australia's Triple J Hottest 100, finishing as the 42nd song on the list. Alongside these, the song was also recognised at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, receiving a nomination for Best Rap Performance, where it was beaten by "Savage", a song by Megan Thee Stallion. The remix also received a nomination at the 2021 Billboard Music Awards for Top Rap Song, losing to DaBaby's "Rockstar", who also featured in "What's Poppin (Remix)". The song also received nominations for Top Streaming Song and Top Collaboration (Fan Voted). Additionally, "The Eastern Echo" had high praise for the remix of the song, saying that Harlow's personality has allowed him to attract bigger names for personality, saying that "he's wack and people love it". The addition of Tory Lanez, DaBaby and Lil Wayne on the song, whom have all achieved great heights in the industry allowed the song's exposure to grow greatly as a result. "The Musical Hype" gave the song 3.5 stars out of a possible 5, saying that the song displayed Harlow's confidence but lacked any cutting-edge lyrics, instead offering up cliché lyrics about sex and money. "Pitchfork" stated that "Whats Poppin" became such a huge success because of Harlow's likeable nature and charm, saying "he seems like the kinda guy you would find around a college campus, maybe at the basketball court". However, the song, as well as the music video, was criticised for using a "candy-coated aesthetic" to attract largely young fans, also being deemed "generic". Likewise, the song has also been criticised for its lyrics not taking much to process and not having many deep or meaningful lyrics. "Pitchfork" further established that Jack Harlow was more like a 'feel good' character as opposed to a clever artist, saying that the song's success is simply attributed to his ability to be in touch with the present society. The success of the original track resulted in Jack Harlow approaching DaBaby, Tory Lanez and Lil Wayne for a remix, which was released later on June 24, 2020, which also saw large commercial success.


title: Whats Poppin

text: "Whats Poppin" appears on the "NBA 2K21" video game soundtrack, as well as appearing in one of the mixtapes in the game "" (2019) and "", and in one of the Xbox Game Pass & EA Play trailers. Considering the song was one of 2020's biggest hits, combined with the resurgence of social media as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it inspired several internet trends and memes. At this stage, the song, including its remix, have been used in over 400,000 different videos on the social media platform TikTok. Additionally, the hashtag "#whatspoppin" has over 7 billion views on the platform. The song inspired the 'Glo-Up' trend, where an individual would show a 'before and after' video of themselves using the song in the background, whilst lip syncing to the lyrics "What's Poppin?", as if to say 'What's up?'. Additionally, the beat of the song inspired others to add their own lyrics to the song for comedic purposes, most prominently was the trend of comical skits involving the lyrics "What's poppin? Don't mind me just watching!", created by Biddl3, which also went viral on TikTok, with over 350,000 videos. The song has also been accredited to projecting Jack Harlow's career. He has done several interview videos with YouTube channels such as GQ and Genius. As of April 2021, Harlow has amassed 2.2 million followers on Instagram.


title: Whats Poppin

text: A remix of the song featuring Canadian rapper Tory Lanez and fellow American rappers DaBaby and Lil Wayne was released on June 24, 2020. The remix reached number two on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 for the chart dated July 11, 2020, while "Rockstar", another song by DaBaby, was still on top. It stayed there for two non-consecutive weeks. It became Harlow's and Lanez's first top-ten song on the chart, as well as DaBaby's third and Lil Wayne's 25th song to do so. The remix was nominated for the Collaboration Song of 2020 award at the 46th People's Choice Awards. The remix was nominated for Top Rap Song at the 2021 Billboard Music Awards.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The Lotus Carlton (also called Vauxhall Lotus Carlton, Lotus Omega and Opel Lotus Omega) is a Vauxhall Carlton/Opel Omega A saloon upgraded by Lotus in order to be able to reach speeds up to 285 km/h (177 mph) with acceleration to equal contemporary sports cars. Like all Lotus vehicles, it was given a type designation—Type 104 in this case. The exterior changes were minimal with the addition of a rear spoiler, cooling vents on the bonnet, Lotus badges on the front wings and bootlid, a bodykit and considerably wider wheel arches distinguishing it from a standard Carlton/Omega. The car was only sold in one colour, a shade of green called "Imperial Green" (similar to British Racing Green).


title: Lotus Carlton

text: Performance modifications started with an upgraded engine, which was enhanced by Lotus from the standard Opel 24v straight six unit (used in the GSi). The engine was enlarged to a capacity of . Lotus then added two Garrett T25 turbochargers, which provide up to of boost from about 1,500 rpm. The original distributor ignition system of the engine was replaced with a three-coil wasted spark system. The distributor drive was re-purposed as a water pump drive for the water-air intercooler circuit. The intercooler itself is manufactured by Behr and is capable of reducing the temperature of the compressed charge from to .


title: Lotus Carlton

text: In addition to the aforementioned engine modifications, Lotus directed a number of engineering changes to the engine so that it would perform reliably with the higher power output. To cope with the higher cylinder pressures (about ), the external webbing on the engine block was reinforced. The crankshaft was replaced as well; early development crankshafts were machined from billet steel in Italy, but the production units were forged by Opel and sent to Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler for machining. The cylinder head was left mostly the same as the 4 valves per cylinder from the donor car, although the combustion chamber was milled to reduce the static compression ratio to 8.2:1 (from 10.0:1). The engine was fitted with forged slipper pistons produced by Mahle. Piston connecting rods were replaced with new units made to an original Lotus design.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The same ZF 6-speed manual transmission as fitted to a contemporary Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 was used to transfer power output to the rear wheels via a rear limited-slip differential shared with the V8 Holden Commodore.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The multi-link suspension of the Omega, already praised by the automotive press, was modified by Lotus for better high-speed stability and improved handling dynamics. To combat the problem of significant camber change (seen with the car at high speed and when fully laden), the self-leveling suspension from the Opel Senator was fitted. Also borrowed from the Senator was the Servotronic power steering system, which provides full power assist at parking speeds, and reduces the power assist as the road speed increases. The Lotus engineers would have preferred using a rack and pinion steering arrangement, but cost and space constraints limited them to the worm-and-roller arrangement.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: Initial sketches for the wheels showed a split-rim composite design, but this was ultimately abandoned in favor of a monoblock wheel design, with cited concerns over the durability of the wheels in poor road conditions. The final design for the 17-inch wheels was manufactured by Ronal, along with wider tyres than those used on the Omega. The Omega is fitted with Goodyear Eagle tyres. The tyre compound used is the same as that on the Esprit Turbo SE, with a combination of oils and low hysteresis. This allows for improved high-speed stability and better performance in wet conditions.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The car is fitted with brake discs manufactured by Portland Engineering in Dorset, UK with four-piston AP calipers at the front and discs also manufactured by Portland Engineering in Dorset, UK with two-piston calipers at the rear.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The twin-turbocharged inline-6 engine in the Carlton (code-named C36GET) has a power output of at 5,200 rpm and of torque at 4,200 rpm, of which was available from 2,000 rpm. The car was capable of accelerating from 0– in 5.2 seconds, and going from 0–124–0 km/h in less than 17 seconds. Tall gearing allows it to achieve approximately in first gear. The Lotus Carlton/Omega held the title of the second fastest four-door saloon for some years, after the Alpina B10 Bi-Turbo.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: Because the Carlton/Omega could equal or exceed the performance of many contemporary sports cars from the likes of Ferrari and Porsche, while also comfortably carrying four passengers, it generated some controversy among the automotive and general press. Bob Murray, then editor of "Autocar" magazine, wrote: "Nobody buying this car could possibly argue he either needs or will be able to use a top whack which is claimed to be around 180 mph", and suggested that Vauxhall should follow the example set by German automakers (who had begun electronically limiting the top speed of their high-performance cars to 155 mph). Ultimately, Opel did not restrict the car's top speed.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: The Lotus Carlton was a frequent target for thieves and joyriders in the UK. On 26 November 1993 a Lotus Carlton registered "40 RA" was reported stolen from a home in the West Midlands. In the following months, a gang of thieves used the car to conduct midnight ram raids, stealing around £20,000 worth of cigarettes and alcohol. A West Midlands Police officer said "We simply haven't been able to get near the thing and it looks unlikely that we ever will", as their police cars were incapable of safely pursuing the stolen Lotus Carlton. The car was never recovered and its current whereabouts are unknown, although in 2020 its original owner claimed that it was dumped in a canal, damaged beyond repair by a large object and subsequently scrapped.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: A campaign by the Daily Mail and the Association of Chief Police Officers was launched to have the Lotus Carlton banned in the UK. The car's advertising was also condemned in Parliament. Despite gaining traction, the campaign to ban the Lotus Carlton ultimately failed.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: Production of the Lotus Carlton/Omega began in 1990, four years after the original Omega went on sale. Opel had hoped to build 1,100 cars in total, but owing to the recession of the early 1990s, the Carlton/Omega priced at £48,000 was not selling as well as anticipated and production at Lotus was halted in December 1992. Only 950 cars were completed: 320 Carltons and 630 Omegas, 150 short of the original target. The cars are now starting to become modern classics as low-mileage, well-looked-after examples become rare.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: In 1991, the Italian design house Pininfarina produced a styling concept named the "Chronos" that was designed to accept the drivetrain from the Lotus Omega. The single example of the Chronos (sans engine) was displayed at the 1991 Detroit Auto Show.


title: Lotus Carlton

text: While the base Omega A and the Lotus Omega were never federalized for sale in the US, the Omega was cleared for grey import under the DOT's "Show or Display" exemption in 2011. By the end of 2017, all model years of the Carlton were past the 25-year mark, making them exempt from NHTSA import restrictions.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Apollo and Daphne is a transformation myth from ancient Greek mythology, retold by Hellenistic and Roman authors in the form of an amorous vignette.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: The earliest known source of this myth is Parthenius, a Greek poet who lived during the 1st century BCE, however, the most well-known and lyrical telling was by the Roman poet Ovid in his "Metamorphoses" (I.438-567), a collection of Greek fables first written in 8 CE.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: The myth is told to explain the origin of the laurel tree and its connection to Apollo. His priestess employed the use of the leaves at Delphi and they also became the symbol of victory and achievement as laurel wreaths were given to the victors of the Pythian Games.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: As a Roman, Ovid called the gods by their Roman names (i.e. Jupiter and Juno instead of Zeus and Hera). However, despite the Roman counterpart of Apollo sharing the same name, Ovid switches between calling him "Phoebus" and Apollo. It would seem that this reference is used when referring to Apollo in his role as sun god, since the name is an epithet of his maternal grandmother Phoibe ("the bright one"), but there isn't an agreement among scholars on this.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Ovid breaks the myth out into five parts, beginning with Apollo slaying the Python and ending with the creation of the Pythian Crown. Ovid's "Metamorphoses", tr. Anthony S. Kline version of the story translates it in the following way:


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Apollo and Daphne's story takes place right after the great snake that terrorized mankind is slain by Apollo. Apollo pierced the Python with 1,000 arrows and then founded the sanctuary of Delphi atop of the Python's dead body. This sanctuary became home to the famous oracle, Pythia, and the sacred Pythian Games were held to celebrate his victory. The winners were, at first, honored with oak wreaths, since the laurel didn't yet exist.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Afterwards, Apollo spots Eros stringing his bow and comments:"Impudent boy, what are you doing with a man's weapons? That one is suited to my shoulders, since I can hit wild beasts of a certainty, and wound my enemies... You should be intent on stirring the concealed fires of love with your burning brand, not laying claim to my glories!"Eros, angered by Apollo's implication that one god's abilities could be greater or lesser than another's, flies to the peak of Mount Parnassus then draws and fires two arrows: "one kindles love, the other dispels it. The one that kindles is golden with a sharp glistening point, the one that dispels is blunt with lead beneath its shaft. With the second he transfixed [Daphne], but with the first he wounded Apollo piercing him to the marrow of his bones."


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Having taken after Apollo's sister, Artemis (Diana), Daphne spurned her many potential lovers, preferring instead to spend her times in the woods, exploring the forest and hunting. Due to her emulation of Artemis, she had dedicated herself to perpetual virginity. Her father, the river god Peneus, demanded that she get married and give him grandchildren. She, however, begged her father to let her remain unmarried; he eventually complies, but tells her that her beauty makes it impossible to prevent would-be suitors from beckoning to her.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: As soon as Apollo spots her in the woods he falls in love. His own powers of foresight prevent him from being able to tell the ultimate outcome of his pursuit. He quickly calls and rushes to her, but she immediately flees "swifter than the lightest breath of air and resists his words calling her back again."


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Despite her not yet knowing who pursues her, Apollo seems to know exactly who she is, calling, "Wait nymph, daughter of Peneus, I beg you! I who am chasing you am not your enemy." He comments that she is running from him as prey would from a predator, but tells her that he is spurred on by love and a desire to be with her, not destroy her, so she should have pity on him. He then says that he is worried that she will be injured in the chase and cause him guilt, so if she slows down he will too, but she continues.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: He goes on to finally reveal to her who he is—stating that he's not just some random farmer or shepherd, but rather "Delphi's lands are mine, Claros and Tenedos, and Patara acknowledges me king. Jupiter is my father. Through me what was, what is, and what will be, are revealed. Through me strings sound in harmony, to song." He mentions that, even though he is a master archer and patron of medicine, "an arrow truer than mine, has wounded my free heart! ... But love cannot be healed by any herb..."


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Apollo continually followed her, begging her to stay, but the nymph continued to reject him. They were evenly matched in the race until Eros intervened, urging Apollo on until he is at full speed. He reaches out to grab her, but she manages to escape his grasp and quicken her pace. Eros further assists Apollo by giving him wings, then hangs onto Daphne's shoulders in an attempt to slow her gait.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: They were soon within sight of her father's waters. Exhausted, overcome by the efforts of her escape, and sensing that she was about to be caught, she ran toward the banks and cried out, "Help me father! If your streams have divine powers change me, destroy this beauty that pleases too well!" No sooner than the cry left her mouth she felt "a heavy numbness seized her limbs, thin bark closed over her breast, her hair turned into leaves, her arms into branches, her feet so swift a moment ago stuck fast in slow-growing roots, her face was lost in the canopy." She had become the laurel tree.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Even in this state, Apollo could not help but love her. He touched the trunk of the tree and could feel her heartbeat. He tried to kiss the bark, but the wood shrank away from him still. In spite of Daphne's clear terror and fervent insistence that he leaves her be, Apollo vowed to honor her forever, "We kiss before we burn. You shall be treasured forever as my now precious tree." He says that he will wear her leaves in his hair, will use her wood to make his bow and lyre, and that a crown made of her branches will adorn the heads of royalty and champions of game and battle.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Apollo also used his powers of eternal youth and immortality to render Daphne evergreen, "you also will wear the beauty of undying leaves." The laurel bowed her branches, her leaves seemingly shuddered in surrender. She does not wish to burn with him.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Between 1622 and 1625, Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpted a Baroque life-sized marble statue entitled Apollo and Daphne. Apollo clutches Daphne's hip, pursuing her as she flees to escape him. Apollo wears a laurel crown, and Daphne is portrayed halfway through her metamorphosis into the laurel tree with her arms already transforming into its branches as she flees and calls to her father to save her from Apollo.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Sculptor Massimiliano Soldani Benzi drew from the myth and Bernini's own work to create a smaller, terracotta carving of the pair in . The sculpture is on display at the Cleveland Museum of Art, in Cleveland, Ohio.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: The 18th century artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo in painted an oil similarly depicting Daphne just beginning her metamorphosis with Apollo in pursuit. It now hangs in the Louvre in Paris.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: Artists such as Antonio del Pollaiuolo and his brother Piero drew inspiration from Greek mythology in a number of their works. In Pollaiolo's painting "Apollo and Daphne", both are shown dressed in Renaissance garments, with Daphne in the midst of transforming into the laurel tree. It hangs in the National Gallery in London.


title: Apollo and Daphne

text: It has been argued that "The Kiss" by Gustav Klimt is a painting symbolic of the kissing of Daphne by Apollo at the moment she is transformed into a laurel tree, though Klimt's own biographers make no mention of this story being an inspiration for the work.


title: Mashle

text: Set in a magical world in which an individual's position within society are defined by the power and skill with magic, Mash Burnedead is a young man without so much as an ounce of magic in his blood. In order to live a peaceful life with his adoptive father, Regro, Mash will need to become a , a title which is only given to exceptional students from the Easton Magic Academy. Despite having no magic whatsoever, Mash goes to the magic school, determined to survive and show the world that muscles can beat magic.


title: Mashle

text: A top-three Magic School that believes that power is everything. It is assumed that the school is funded by Innocent Zero or a factor close to.


title: Mashle

text: "Mashle: Magic and Muscles", written and illustrated by , started in Shueisha's "Weekly Shōnen Jump" on January 27, 2020. Shueisha has collected is chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on June 4, 2020. As of December 2, 2022, fourteen volumes have been released.


title: Mashle

text: The manga is digitally serialized by Viz Media and "Manga Plus" in English. In October 2020, Viz Media announced the print and digital publication of the manga and the first volume was published on July 6, 2021.


title: Mashle

text: These chapters have yet to be published in a "tankōbon" volume. They were originally serialized in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" and its English digital version published by Viz Media and in "Manga Plus" by Shueisha.


title: Mashle

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced in July 2022. The series is produced by A-1 Pictures and directed by Tomoya Tanaka, with scripts written by Yōsuke Kuroda, character designs by Hisashi Toshima, and music composed by Masaru Yokoyama. It is set to premiere in April 2023. According to the official website of the series, it will be a "complete" anime adaptation.


title: Mashle

text: Aniplex of America revealed an English version of the announcement video at their Anime Expo panel on July 3, 2022.


title: Mashle

text: In June 2020, it was reported that the first volume of the series performed well enough to be sold out. As of April 2021, the manga had over 1.4 million copies in circulation. As of August 2021, the manga had over 2.1 million copies in circulation. As of March 2022, the manga had over 3 million copies in circulation.


title: Mashle

text: In 2020, the manga was nominated for the 6th Next Manga Awards and placed 11th out of the 50 nominees with 12,894 votes. The series ranked 3rd on the "Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2021" by the Honya Club website. "Mashle" was nominated for the 67th Shogakukan Manga Award in the "shōnen" category in 2021.


title: Mashle

text: The Nippon Foundation included the manga on their list of "5 Recommended Manga Available in English" and wrote: "[c]omic scenes of characters tormenting each other are fun to read, with no sense of distaste. In an amusing way, the story shows how cultivating special skills can overcome adversity." Writing for "Le Figaro", Clémence Ballandras made a positive review about the series and wrote that it "combines the very specific universe of manga, with that of "Harry Potter", while infusing a good dose of humor." Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network gave the first volume a B+. Silverman praised the series for its humor, calling it a ""Harry Potter" parody with overtones of "One-Punch Man"." Silverman, however, wrote that apart from Mash, the rest of characters are "forgettable" and said that the art is "fairly unattractive", comparing it to "Mob Psycho 100". Nevertheless, she concluded: "[it]t doesn't look pretty, but it also doesn't need to, making this a good addition to the library of humor manga."


title: Mashle

text: Sheena McNeil of Sequential Tart gave the first volume a 7 out of 10. McNeil also noted the similarities with "One-Punch Man" and "Harry Potter", praising as well its story and art, concluding: "I enjoyed this read a fair amount. It's low key hilarious. It has flaws, but it also has potential, and I look forward to where it goes from here." In a review of the second volume, McNeil gave it a 8, and wrote: "[i]f you want action, humor, and magic, this story hits you over the head with all three."


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Cédric Bakambu (born 11 April 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Super League Greece club Olympiacos.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: He made his professional debut for Sochaux in 2010, and played 107 official games for them over five seasons, scoring 21 goals. He then moved to Bursaspor for €1.8 million, finishing as top scorer as his team came runners-up in the Turkish Cup, before signing for Villarreal a year later.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Born in France, he represented them internationally at youth level up to the under-20s, scoring eight goals in 38 games and winning the 2010 UEFA European Championship for the under-19s. In 2015, he made his senior debut for the DR Congo national team.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Born in Vitry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Bakambu began his career at local Ivry at the age of 10 before transferring to Sochaux four years later.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 1 May 2010, Bakambu played in the 2010 Coupe Gambardella Final and scored a goal for his team at the Stade de France. Sochaux, however, lost the match 4–3 on penalties. He had previously scored a double in the team's 4–3 aggregate semi-final victory over Metz.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Bakambu made his professional debut on 7 August 2010 in Sochaux's opening match of the Ligue 1 season against Arles-Avignon, appearing as an 83rd-minute substitute for Modibo Maïga in a 2–1 win at the Stade Auguste Bonal. The following month, he signed his first professional contract agreeing to a three-year deal with the club until June 2013.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 17 September 2011, Bakambu scored his first professional goal, the first equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Lille OSC, eleven minutes after replacing Carlāo. A year and nine days later, as a 66th-minute replacement for King Osanga, he scored twice in a 3–2 extra-time home win over Evian in the third round of the Coupe de la Ligue.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Bakambu scored seven goals in 31 appearances over the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season, in which Sochaux were relegated; this included two on 21 December in a 2–1 home win over Rennes. Across the campaign, he was placed on the right wing by manager Hervé Renard until he would become sufficiently mentally mature for a centre-forward role. On 23 March, he was sent off for handball in a 2–1 loss at Saint-Étienne.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 1 September 2014, Bakambu left France for the first time, moving on a four-year transfer to Turkey's Bursaspor for a fee of €1.8 million and an annual salary of €800,000. He made his debut in the Süper Lig twelve days later, replacing Ozan İpek in the 55th minute of a 2–1 win at Gençlerbirliği. His first goals for the "Green Crocodiles" came on 19 October, in either half of a 2–2 draw against Eskişehirspor at the Bursa Atatürk Stadium, and six days later he scored a first professional hat-trick in a 5–0 win at Balıkesirspor. He finished his only league season in Bursa with 13 goals in 27 games.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: In the season's domestic cup, Bakambu was the top scorer with eight goals in 12 games as his team reached the final before a 3–2 home loss to Galatasaray. This tally included trebles in a 5–0 win at Mersin İdmanyurdu on 27 January and a 3–0 victory over Fatih Karagümrük nine days later, both in the group stage. As Galatasaray won the double, Bursaspor faced them in the 2015 Turkish Super Cup on 8 August, with Bakambu playing the whole of the 1–0 loss.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 19 August 2015, Spanish side Villarreal announced the signing of Bakambu on a five-year contract. He made his La Liga debut four days later, replacing Léo Baptistão in the 61st minute of a 1–1 draw at Real Betis in the first game of the season; on the 28th he came on for the same player and scored two goals in the closing minutes of the fixture against Espanyol at Estadio El Madrigal, to secure a 3–1 victory for the "Yellow Submarine".


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Bakambu played his first game in European competition on 17 September, again as a substitute in a 2–1 loss at Rapid Wien in the group stage of the season's UEFA Europa League. On 22 October, he scored his first goals in the tournament, a first-half double in a 4–0 home win over Dinamo Minsk; he added another two the following 10 March against Bayer Leverkusen in the first leg of the last 16 (2–0 win, same aggregate). In the quarter-finals, he scored twice in each leg of a 6–3 aggregate win over Sparta Prague. He was one of four strikers named in the competition's Squad of the Season, and his 9 goals put him only one behind the top scorer, Athletic Bilbao's Aritz Aduriz.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 1 October 2017, Bakambu scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 home win over Eibar. He then scored two goals in a 2–1 win at Girona and another in a 4–0 win over Las Palmas to be named La Liga Player of the Month, the first African to win the award.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: In early January 2018, Villarreal manager Javier Calleja said that Bakambu was going through a transfer to Beijing Sinobo Guoan of the Chinese Super League. On 17 January 2018, Bakambu rescinded his contract with Villarreal. Two weeks later, however, Beijing Guoan still had not announced the signing of Bakambu who had already played and scored for the club. It was reported that Beijing Guoan were trying to avoid paying a 100 percent tax placed on incoming transfers worth over 45 million yuan (US$7 million) by the Chinese Football Association. The transfer went through in time for the start of the Chinese season with the full fees being paid.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 28 February 2018, the final day of the Chinese transfer window, Bakambu's protracted transfer from Villarreal to Beijing Sinobo Guoan was finally confirmed with the club paid his €40million release clause, but Beijing did not announce the Congolese forward's signing amid confusion over whether they had to pay a 100 per cent levy on the transfer.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: He scored his first goal in China in his second game, in a 2–1 win over Jiangsu Suning. He won the Chinese FA Cup in his first season.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 13 January 2022, Bakambu signed for French club Marseille on a contract until 30 June 2024. He scored in his first appearance for the club, after coming on as a substitute in a 2-0 win over Lens.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Bakambu was a French youth international and has represented the country at both under-18 and under-19 level. He was a part of the team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship on home soil. On 18 July, he scored twice in a 4–1 opening win over the Netherlands in Caen, and the 2–1 winner against Croatia in the semi-finals nine days later, also at the Stade Michel d'Ornano. He was also part of the team that came fourth at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia, opening a 2–0 win over Mali in the last group game in Cali.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: In March 2015, he opted to represent DR Congo at senior level. On arrival in Kinshasa he was greeted by fans with banners of him, later reflecting "I hadn't even played a match yet they made banners for me. It's really something else. It was through football that I discovered my country."


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: He was first called up in June ahead of a friendly against Cameroon on the 9th, and started that match, a 1–1 draw at the Stade Charles Tondreau in Mons, Belgium.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 26 March the following year, Bakambu scored his first international goal, opening a 2–1 win over Angola at the Stade des Martyrs with a penalty, in qualification for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. He added two more on 5 June, in a 6–1 win away to Madagascar. He was chosen in Florent Ibengé's squad for the final tournament in Gabon, and started in the opening group match, a 1–0 win over Morocco at the Stade d'Oyem. He then did not play again until a seven-minute run in the quarter-finals where the Congolese lost 2–1 to Ghana.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 24 March 2019, Bakambu returned to action for DR Congo after missing previous qualifiers vs. rivals Congo to injury. He started and scored the winner in a 1–0 victory against Liberia. This secured The Leopards' qualification to the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, at the expense of their opponents.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: On 1 April 2022, following DR Congo's elimination from 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification at the hands of Morocco, Bakambu announced his retirement from the national team.


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Born in France to parents from the DR Congo, Bakambu said "I grew up with both cultures and I am very proud of that. I think it's something that enriches you."


title: Cédric Bakambu

text: Bakambu and international teammate Dieumerci Mbokani were at Brussels Airport when it was struck by terror attacks in March 2016; both escaped unharmed.


title: AKMU

text: AKMU (), also known as Akdong Musician (), is a South Korean sibling duo consisting of Lee Chan-hyuk and Lee Su-hyun who debuted under YG Entertainment in April 2014 with studio album "Play" after winning SBS' K-pop Star 2.


title: AKMU

text: Their debut album "Play" was well received by the public and critics, having sold more than 6.9 million downloads, and was awarded "Best Pop Album" in the 12th Korean Music Awards. The follow up albums "Spring" and "Winter" furthered their success. As of March 2017, they have sold over 23 million digital sales in South Korea.


title: AKMU

text: Lee Chan-hyuk and Lee Su-hyun lived with their missionary parents in Mongolia for almost five years before returning to South Korea to pursue a career in the music industry. While in Mongolia, they were home-schooled by their mother. The siblings, under the name Akdong Musician, joined their first label, the Proteurment agency and soon performed on several stages and even released an original song titled "Galaxy", which later was used as a soundtrack for a Samsung Galaxy S4 film commercial in May 2013.


title: AKMU

text: In August 2012, the duo participated in the preliminary auditions of "K-pop Star 2", at Jamsil Arena in Seoul. They soon passed and were eligible to perform in the first round, where they sang a cover of Miss A's "Breathe" and an original song titled "Don't Cross Your Legs". One of the judges, Park Jin-young, praised the chemistry between the siblings and the techniques they had incorporated in their performances. BoA praised the lyrics of their original song, while Yang Hyun-suk, described them as "true artists". The duo continued to awe the judges, until after where their lack of confidence resulted in lukewarm performances in the succeeding rounds. In spite of this, they finished the competition in first place. Some of their original songs performed were released under LOEN Entertainment, where "You are Attractive", for example, was released on 12 December and immediately reached number one on the Gaon charts. Despite not being signed under an agency, they participated in commercials and composed several songs, including "I Love You" for tvN drama "All About My Romance". On 24 May 2013, a month after winning, the siblings signed an exclusive contract with YG Entertainment.


title: AKMU

text: Akdong Musician debuted with album "Play" and three lead singles on 7 April, twelve months after winning "K-pop Star 2". All tracks were written and produced by Chan-hyuk. The first single, "200%", was chosen by Yang Hyun-suk, "Melted", was chosen by Akdong Musician, and "Give Love", was determined by the fans. "Play" claimed number one on the Gaon Charts and number two on "Billboard"'s US World Albums Chart. The duo's debut stage was on "K-pop Star 3" on 6 April. The music video for "200%" was released on 7 April, where "200%" topped all South Korean charts, with all songs on "Play" also charting high. The music video for "Melted" and "Give Love" was out on 14 April and 2 May respectively. "Give Love", became the third high-charting song, after "200%" and "Melted". On 16 June, they participated in YG Family's cover project of Taeyang's "Eyes, Nose, Lips". Their first live concert tour, "AKMU Camp", began on 21 November at Blue Square Samsung Card Hall, Hannam-dong, Seoul.


title: AKMU

text: On 10 October, Akdong Musician released the digital single, "Time and Fallen Leaves", written and composed by Lee Chan-hyuk. Originally, it was planned as a lead single of "Play", but was held back for an October release due to suiting the autumn season more. The song made an "all-kill" two consecutive days after release by ranking number 1 on nine major real-time music charts. It also ranked number one on the weekly Gaon Digital Chart the second week of release. The song was not given a music video so the listeners would imagine their own stories.


title: AKMU

text: On 5 November, Su-hyun joined YG Family supergroup Hi Suhyun with labelmate Lee Hi. Their debut single, "I'm Different" , was released on 11 November, followed first stage at SBS' Inkigayo on 16 November and first win one week later. On 9 October 2015, the duo released the single "Like Ga, Na, Da" with a video in celebration of South Korea's "Hangul Day". It was a joint production of YGE and Woori Card.


title: AKMU

text: On 4 May 2016, they released their first EP titled "Spring", the first record on a new album series named "Puberty". The album was promoted with the release of two lead singles: "Re-Bye" and "How People Move". Ahead of comeback, the art film "Welcome Home" was released on 26 April. It starts out playful in a fantasy-like world until later the ending gives the feeling of an "Uncanny Valley" effect. All songs debuted within the top ten of the Gaon Chart, with "Re-Bye" becoming a chart-topper. "Billboard" named "Spring" the fourth best K-pop album of the year, where the record "boast a more theatrical feel to them to show the young duo is growing an exciting pace." To promote "Spring", the duo performed at the Seoul Forest park in front of 10,000 people. Later in the year, they toured throughout Asia, holding showcases at Taipei, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Shanghai.


title: AKMU

text: On 1 January 2017, they released the short film "Spring of Winter" ahead of comeback for their second seasonally themed album, "Winter". In the film, playing themselves, they argue and disband Akdong Musician, while songs from the new album act as the soundtrack. On 3 January, the duo released their second studio album "Winter", the second in a conceptual two-part album series "Puberty". with lead singles "Last Goodbye" and "Reality" . Both lead singles were chosen by fans through the live broadcast of MBC's My Little Television. "Last Goodbye" became the second best-selling song within the first half of 2017, earning "Song of the Year" for the month of January at the Gaon Chart Awards and a digital bonsang at the Golden Disc Awards. The duo began a tour holding concerts in seven cities nationwide, including eight sold-out shows in Seoul from 23 March onward. The siblings choose small yet multiple venues so they are able to interact and be more intimate with the audience.


title: AKMU

text: On 15 March 2017, Akdong Musician released a digital single in collaboration with Yang Hee-eun called "The Tree" . On 20 July, the siblings released their first single album titled "Summer Episode", with lead singles "Dinosaur" and "My Darling". Notably, the single "Dinosaur" marks the duo's first time experimenting with the genre EDM, whereas "My Darling" is an upbeat acoustic track. They decided not to promote the singles on music shows as they believed the single "Dinosaur" would not fit well with the music program's fancy stages, further adding the key is too high for a live performance thus wasn't viable. On 13 September, YG Entertainment confirmed Chan-hyuk would enlist for his mandatory military enlistment on 18 September with the Korean Marines, thus halting all Akdong Musician activities. Meanwhile, Su-hyun occupied her time with solo activities as a radio DJ at KBS Cool FM's "Volume Up", permanent cast member on JTBC's "Begin Again", soundtrack release for tvN drama "Mr. Sunshine" and more.


title: AKMU

text: On 29 May 2019, Chan-hyuk successfully fulfilled his mandatory military service with the Republic of Korea Marine Corps and was discharged, thus also simultaneously resuming the activities of Akdong Musician. While serving, they officially chose Chan-hyuk's self-written and produced song to represent the Corps. Su-hyun first revealed the song through KBS Cool FM "Volume Up". The sibling duo's first appearance since hiatus was on JTBC variety show "Knowing Bros" with Jeon So-mi on 8 June. Filming took place a day after release. The duo performed at the 2019 Someday Festival on 31 August, where they also revealed an unreleased song titled "시간을 갖자", later revealed to be on their album "Sailing".


title: AKMU

text: On 4 September 2019, it was announced Akdong Musician will return with their first comeback since 2017 in late September. Ahead of their comeback, a mood teaser was released with Su-hyun's voice among crashing waves and an acoustic guitar, followed concept teaser "Begin Sailing." The sibling duo released their third studio album "Sailing" on 25 September with lead single "How Can I Love the Heartbreak, You're the One I Love" . Through "Nylon", Chan-hyuk revealed he wrote most of the songs on "Sailing" inside a ship over two years in midst of enlistment inspired by the new profound experience. Ahead of release, their lead single was first performed on 19 September at the 2017 Someday Festival. Notably, this release marks Su-hyun's first participation among their albums with song "작별 인사", where she was credited as the arranger. Their lead single reigned as the number one spot on all seven major music streaming platforms in South Korea upon release, alongside the rest of the tracks also charting relatively high. The lead single went on to claiming the number one spot on the Gaon Digital, Download, and Streaming chart for the month of October. The same day, they also announced they would primarily go by AKMU, to symbolize their growth, as their original name translated to "mischievous child." The duo further elaborated the decision was made in order to not be limited in their future music. The duo held a live stage titled "Sailing On A Fall Night" at Yeouido Hangang Park on 29 September garnering over 30,000 people, 7-8 times larger than the size of the venue.


title: AKMU

text: On 8 November 2020, it was announced that they would make their comeback on 16 November 2020 with the single "Happening". According to Chanhyuk, the single plays the role of "connecting to our next full-length album."


title: AKMU

text: On July 26, 2021, AKMU's second EP "Next Episode" was released, with "Nakka" featuring IU as its lead single. Described as a "collaboration album", the EP comprises seven songs, with each track featuring a different artist. "Nakka" debuted at number three on Gaon Digital Chart for the week ending July 31, 2021. The following week, "Nakka" rose to the number one spot on the chart, becoming the duo's seventh number one single.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: The Girl Who Played with Fire () is a 2009 Swedish-Danish crime thriller film with German co-production directed by Daniel Alfredson from a screenplay of Jonas Frykberg and produced by Søren Stærmose. It is the sequel to "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" from the same year and based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson, the second entry in his "Millennium" series.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Starring Michael Nyqvist and Noomi Rapace in the main roles, the film follows Lisbeth Salander as she returns to Sweden after spending a year abroad. She falls under suspicion of having murdered a journalist and his girlfriend, as well as her own social services guardian, Nils Bjurman, while Mikael Blomkvist tries to find her before the authorities.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: The third part of the trilogy, "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest" ("Luftslottet som sprängdes"), was released two months later, on 27 November 2009.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Lisbeth Salander purchases an apartment in Stockholm. On returning to Sweden after nearly a year living abroad, Salander reconnects with her best friend and former partner Miriam Wu and offers her free use of her old apartment in return for forwarding her mail. Later, Salander confronts Nils Bjurman after hacking into his mail and discovering that he has an appointment booked with a tattoo removal specialist. Threatening him with his own gun, she warns him not to remove the tattoo that she etched on his abdomen.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: "Millennium" magazine welcomes Dag Svensson, a new journalist who is writing an exposé on prostitution and human trafficking in Sweden. Dag's girlfriend, Mia Bergman, is writing her doctoral thesis on sex trafficking. Dag is nearly finished with the story and is confronting those who will be exposed by the article. Dag and his girlfriend are about to leave on a holiday and ask Mikael Blomkvist to come to his apartment and collect some photographs. At the same time Dag also asks Blomkvist to inquire about someone called "Zala," who may have a connection to his present research. Blomkvist arrives at their apartment and finds the two lying dead. The murder weapon is tracked to Bjurman who is also deceased. Salander is the prime suspect, as her fingerprints happen to be on the gun. Salander tells Blomkvist that she did not kill anyone and that he needs to find the mysterious "Zala."


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Blomkvist is contacted by Salander's boxing trainer and friend, Paolo Roberto. While he is unaware of Salander's whereabouts, Paolo does know Miriam, who also trained with them, and promises to pay her a visit. Near her apartment, Paolo witnesses Miriam being kidnapped by strongman Ronald Niedermann. Paolo follows his car to a deserted barn, where he hears him beat Miriam for information about Salander. Paolo comes in to rescue her but Niedermann beats him too. He then sets the barn aflame, but the two manage to escape.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: News breaks of the attack, and Paolo gives his account to the police. After Blomkvist leaves information that he has discovered about the case on his computer for Salander to hack into and read, she leaves a message to him saying, "Thank you for being my friend." He realizes that she intends to set out alone to find the man who framed her and that she may not survive. A disguised Salander visits Miriam in hospital to apologize for getting her involved. Without giving anything away, Salander confirms the police sketch of Niedermann with Miriam and then disappears. Knowing now that he is Salander's friend, Miriam calls Blomkvist to the hospital to give him keys that Lisbeth dropped during her visit. Noticing that one of them is for a post office box, Blomkvist is able to access and read Salander's mail and locate her apartment. Meanwhile, Salander continues her efforts to find Niedermann by patiently staking out his post office box. She eventually sees someone retrieve his mail and follows him to a small house near Gosseberga. Reading the material in Lisbeth's apartment, Blomkvist finds the video of Bjurman raping Salander.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: In the offices of "Millennium" magazine, Paolo explains that he tracked down Niedermann and learned that he has congenital analgesia which makes him unable to feel pain. They trace Niedermann to a company owned by "Karl Axel Bodin." Blomkvist has Erika Berger forward documents to Bublanski and sets out to find Salander.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Salander crosses the grounds and enters the Gosseberga house, but Niedermann has been alerted by motion detectors and knocks her out. She awakens to see her father, Alexander "Zala" Zalachenko, an old man who walks with a stick and is heavily scarred by the burns that she inflicted as a child. He dismisses her mother as a whore and belittles her rape at the hands of Bjurman. He reveals that Niedermann is her half-brother and that Niedermann killed Bjurman to prevent him from revealing any of Zalachenko's secrets.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: They lead Lisbeth to a shallow grave in the woods. She tells him that the police will find him soon and all that he has said has been published online through her hidden cellphone. Seeing through her bluff, he shoots Lisbeth several times as she attempts to escape and buries her alive. Salander digs her way out using her cigarette case. Hidden in the woodshed, she surprises Zalachenko and sticks an axe into his leg. She then keeps Niedermann at bay with Zalachenko's gun as Blomkvist comes coasting up the driveway. Ambulances and police arrive to take away Salander and Zalachenko who are both very badly injured.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Daniel Alfredson takes over from Niels Arden Oplev, who directed "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo", the first part of the trilogy.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, although some noted it as a step down from its predecessor. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 69% based on 156 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gives the film three and a half out of four stars, describing the film as a step down from "The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo", but only because the first film was so "fresh and unexpected". A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" praises Rapace's performance, stating, "tiny and agile, her steely rage showing now and then the tiniest crack of vulnerability, belongs to another dimension altogether. She makes this movie good enough, but also makes you wish it were much better." Lisa Kennedy of "The Denver Post" describes Lisbeth Salander as "worth the trouble" and having a "cold stare" the like of which has not been seen since "Clint was roaming the Italian hillsides." She notes the film uses the linked themes of bureaucratic corruption and misogyny, where the previous film linked misogyny with fascism. The review contrasts the violence against women and heroism of "Fire" with the violence of "The Killer Inside Me", complaining that the latter gives in to the worst impulses, noting that only the former story "works,” as some redemption is provided through revenge.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" writes that the film is much the same as its predecessor, despite the new director (Daniel Alfredson) and screenwriter (Jonas Frykberg), and is likely to please those who enjoyed the first film. He observes that Rapace remains the chief asset of the series, and that she works well with Michael Nyqvist, who he likens to a more sincere, Swedish version of Larry Hagman. He writes further that even though Rapace and Nyqvist "could not be better" in their roles, the film should acknowledge the middle ground between the righteous heroes and the evil villains in order to work better as cinematic pulp fiction.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Rick Groen of "The Globe and Mail" describes the film as "Tepid and downright confusing" for those who have not read the books, although he suspects there are few who have not; he notes that the plot, "already thick on the page, often seems impenetrable here." Although he concedes the plot generates some suspense, he complains it more often results in confusion but hopes the final film in the trilogy will bring greater clarity.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: Prior to released in the United States, the film had already earned $51,259,526 at the international box office.


title: The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)

text: During its first week of release in the United States, it grossed $904,998, being released in three times as many theaters as the first film and grossing three times as much. The film has a worldwide gross of $67,126,795.


title: Mark Getty

text: Mark Harris Getty, (born 9 July 1960) is an Irish businessman who is the co-founder and chairman of Getty Images.


title: Mark Getty

text: A member of the prominent Getty family, he is the younger son of John Paul Getty Jr. and his first wife, Gail Harris. Getty was born in Rome, Italy. He attended Taunton School in England and later studied Philosophy and Politics at St Catherine's College, Oxford.


title: Mark Getty

text: Getty began his career at securities firm Kidder, Peabody & Co. in New York City and then joined Hambros Bank Ltd in London. In 1993, he drove his family's founding investment in andBeyond, the world's leading ecotourism business, and still acts as chairman of the business.


title: Mark Getty

text: In 1994, he co-founded the photographic agency Getty Images with Jonathan Klein. Getty Images is the world's leading supplier of imagery for the media, corporate, and advertising sectors. In 2003, he inherited Wormsley Park from his father. In 2008, Getty became chairman of the trustees of the National Gallery in London, a post he held until 2016. In 2017, Getty became chairman of the British School at Rome.


title: Martin Klebba

text: Martin Klebba (born June 23, 1969) is an American actor and stunt performer. He has a form of dwarfism called acromicric dysplasia; he is . Klebba is best known for his role as Marty in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" franchise.


title: Martin Klebba

text: , Martin was engaged to Michelle Dilgard, mentioning in an interview that in his free time, he likes to play video games with his son when he visits and spend time with his fiancée. Martin is the father of son Alec and daughter Makenzie.


title: Martin Klebba

text: Klebba runs a nonprofit foundation called Coalition for Dwarf Advocacy, which gives 100% of its donations to the cause of helping little people.


title: Martin Klebba

text: Klebba was an occasional guest on The Howard Stern Show in the 1990s, and was given the nickname "Marty the Midget".


title: Martin Klebba

text: Martin Klebba has acted in various productions, most notably the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series as Marty, a dwarf pirate member of Captain Jack Sparrow's crew in "". The character was originally named "Dirk," but someone, possibly director Gore Verbinski, preferred the actor's real name instead. Klebba reprised his role in the sequels "", "", and "". On the role, Klebba was quoted in saying he's a normal guy who fell into the franchise, one stunt turned into four out of five movies.


title: Martin Klebba

text: In 2003, Klebba played the ring announcer in the "Cradle 2 the Grave". In 2009, Klebba played the role of "Count Le Petite" in "All's Faire in Love", a romantic comedy set at a Renaissance fair. He has also been in low budget horror/comedy films "" & "" as "Thunder."


title: Martin Klebba

text: He has numerous stunt credits as well including "Hancock", "Zombieland", "Bedtime Stories", "Evan Almighty", "Meet the Spartans", "Epic Movie", and "Van Helsing". Wearing motion capture pajamas, "Marty" stood in for the Dimorphodon who grapples with Chris Pratt in "Jurassic World".


title: Martin Klebba

text: Klebba starred as "Friday", one of the seven dwarfs, in the 2001 made-for-TV film "". In 2003, Klebba starred as "Hank Dingo" in the Comedy Central made-for-TV movie "Knee High P.I.". He also made an appearance as a demon in the "Charmed", season 6 episode "Witch Wars" (2004). He has also appeared in "iCarly" and "Drake & Josh" as Nug Nug.


title: Martin Klebba

text: Klebba made many appearances as Randall Winston in the television series "Scrubs". He starred in the "" episode "The Chick Chop Flick Shop" (2007) as Dickie Jones, and in the "" episode "Uncertainty Rules" (2010) as Calvin Moore. Also in 2010, Klebba guest starred as Hibachi in "Pair of Kings," a Disney TV series. He played Todd Moore in the "Bones (TV series)" season 5 episode "Dwarf in the Dirt"' (2010).


title: Martin Klebba

text: Klebba has also been featured on the TLC reality show, "Little People, Big World", with his good friend Amy Roloff. He will be featured in one episode of VH-1's I'm Married to a... in which his average sized wife talks about being married to a little person.


title: Martin Klebba

text: In 2011, Klebba appeared on "The Cape" as a series regular named "Rollo". He also appeared once again in "Mirror Mirror" (2012), which starred Julia Roberts, Armie Hammer, and Lily Collins.


title: Chelcie Ross

text: Chelcie Claude Ross (born June 20, 1942) is an American character actor, most known for "Above the Law", "Major League", "Basic Instinct", "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey", "Hoosiers", "Rudy", "Trouble with the Curve" and "The Ballad of Buster Scruggs".


title: Chelcie Ross

text: He served in Vietnam as an officer in the United States Air Force where he had been awarded a Bronze Star, and earned an MFA from the Dallas Theater Center. He left the Air Force in 1970.


title: Chelcie Ross

text: In 2007, Ross appeared, along with Sean Astin and Charles S. Dutton, in an episode of "My Name Is Earl" that was a homage to the film "Rudy". He played an appliance store manager whose relationship to Earl mirrors that of his relationship to Rudy.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars is a 2009 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar Leeds in conjunction with Rockstar North, and published by Rockstar Games. The game was released for the Nintendo DS in March 2009, PlayStation Portable in October 2009, iOS in January 2010, and Android and Fire OS devices in December 2014. It is the thirteenth game in the "Grand Theft Auto" series and a follow-up to "Grand Theft Auto IV", and is the first instalment to be released for handheld consoles since 2006's "Vice City Stories". Set within modern-day Liberty City (a fictional satire of New York City), the single-player story follows young Triad member Huang Lee and his efforts to recover a sword gifted by his late father after it is stolen from him, while inadvertently becoming caught in a power struggle amongst Liberty City's Triads.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: The game was fundamentally designed for players to have notable interactions with objects on the DS and smartphone systems via their touch-screen controls, while offering unique elements of gameplay not found in other entries within the "Grand Theft Auto" series. The most notable element, the ability to buy drugs from suppliers and sell them to dealers to make money, proved controversial following the game's release. Despite this, the game received critical acclaim from critics.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" is an action-adventure game set in an open world environment. It has a different presentation from previous games in the series, by partially resembling the first "Grand Theft Auto" titles. Instead of a ground-level view behind the protagonist or a top-down perspective, "Chinatown Wars" uses a fully rotatable camera angled down at the action. "Chinatown Wars" also uses cel-shaded polygons with black outlines to produce a comic book-like aesthetic—a first for the series. The title takes place in a scaled-down rendition of "Grand Theft Auto IV"s Liberty City, with the exception of Alderney.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Unlike "Grand Theft Auto IV", the player can lose wanted stars by destroying police cars to escape the police instead of leaving a "wanted zone." The more stars the player has, the more police they have to take out for each level. For example, for a six star level, they have to take out six police cars to get down to a five star wanted level, and so on. There is also a drug dealing sub plot which allows players to peddle heroin, acid, ecstasy, marijuana, cocaine and depressants around the city. Players can make a profit by recognising market conditions and demands based on geography and plying their wares accordingly. CCTV cameras work as this game's secret packages, destroyed by throwing a Molotov cocktail bottle or a grenade. This also decreases the chances of being caught while making a drug deal and provides discounts for buying drugs. "Chinatown Wars" applies many "Grand Theft Auto IV" features such as the next-gen HUD. Ammu-Nation returns in the form of an in-game website where the player can order various weapons through their PDA to be delivered to their safehouse. Players will also get emails which they can read either from the PDA or the laptop present in their safe house.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: While stealing a moving vehicle is similar to that of previous "Grand Theft Auto" games, "Chinatown Wars" uses a different system for stealing parked vehicles. Depending on the car, it can be started in one of a few ways. Older cars require a few turns of a screwdriver in the ignition, while other cars require hotwiring. Newer, more expensive cars (with the exception of a bulletproof van) require the player to "hack" the computerised immobiliser. It is still possible to flip cars or set them on fire. The player is unable to pilot any of the aircraft in the game, but he can still see the ones at the airport or flying above him, although if a player uses a certain code on the Nintendo DS by using "Action Replay DS" the player can acquire a helicopter and fly it.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: The Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable versions of "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" used Rockstar Games Social Club. Players could use this service to upload their gameplay statistics. Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection included chatting, trading items, sharing favourite GPS markers and stats with other players. With the Social Club, players were also able to unlock Xin's mission after finishing the game. On 20 May 2014, Nintendo discontinued the Wi-Fi Connection service, making the Social Club features unavailable and with the GameSpy closure on 10 June 2014, all Social Club features for "Chinatown Wars" on the PSP and DS have been discontinued. The iOS and Android versions do not use the Rockstar Social Club, thus Xin's missions were available without the need to connect to the service.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: In 2009, Triad member Huang Lee travels to Liberty City to deliver the Yu Jian sword—a family heirloom won in a card game by his recently murdered father—to his uncle Wu "Kenny" Lee. Upon arrival, Huang's escort is killed by unknown assailants, who steal the sword and leave Huang for dead. Surviving, he makes his way to Kenny's restaurant and informs his uncle of the theft. Kenny, outraged at the news, reveals that he intended to hand the sword to Hsin Jaoming, the elderly head of the Liberty City Triads, in order to secure his position as his successor. Feeling dishonoured for losing Yu Jian, Kenny instructs Huang to assist in keeping his businesses afloat while he is in the city, causing him to be slowly drawn into the drug trade. While helping his uncle, Huang learns that two others are competing to become Hsin's successor—his son Chan Jaoming, and underboss Zhou Ming—and finds himself working for both men in addition to Kenny.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: During a job, Huang is intercepted by Wade Heston, a corrupt LCPD detective under observation by internal affairs, who offers to assist him in finding Yu Jian, believing that apprehending the thieves will clear his reputation and get internal affairs off his tail. Huang agrees and helps Heston investigate a Korean gang that is allied with the Triads, which the latter suspects to be behind the sword's theft. After bugging the Koreans' headquarters, the pair learn that there is a splinter group within the gang called the Wonsu Nodong, whose leader has been causing problems for the Triads with the help of an informant.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Meanwhile, Hsin contacts Huang for assistance, concerned about the news of an informant within his syndicate, and orders him to investigate both the Koreans and the Angels of Death outlaw motorcycle club. In the process, Huang is forced to deal with a Triad-hating mafioso who tried to deceive him, and help Heston with several jobs for his Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB) contact, who offered to assist them with their investigation. Hsin soon becomes annoyed with Huang's slow progress and, believing he might be the informant, tries to have him killed. Kenny intervenes to save his life, and persuades Hsin to give Huang more time to find the true informant, allowing him to eventually discover that both the Koreans and Angels are innocent. Meanwhile, Heston is forced to back down due to pressure from internal affairs, leaving Huang to hack into the FIB servers to retrieve some files which name both Zhou and Chan as police informants.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: After discussing his findings with his uncle, Kenny convinces Huang that they must be given to Hsin. Out of disgrace at the possibility his son is betraying the Triads, Hsin steps down as leader and names Kenny his successor. Meanwhile, Huang is tasked with killing Zhou and Chan, though both deny the accusations against them before dying. Heston later contacts Huang with news that the information he retrieved was fake, and that the Wonsu leader is meeting with his allies, including the informant. Upon spying on the meeting, Huang is shocked to discover Kenny is the Wonsu leader and orchestrated the theft of Yu Jian. As the LCPD and FIB ambush the meeting, Kenny makes his escape, but Huang and Heston pursue him to Hsin's penthouse.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Upon confronting his uncle, Huang learns that Kenny was tasked by Hsin to retrieve Yu Jian, thus Huang's father would have to die for it to be passed on to him, in exchange for a position underneath Chan. Kenny complied with this, but attempted to have Yu Jian stolen to keep himself from such a dishonourable position and later framed Zhou and Chan to cover his tracks. After Kenny stabs Hsin with Yu Jian, he is in turn killed by Huang, shortly before the LCPD arrive. While everyone at the scene is arrested, Heston ensures Huang is left alone, as repayment for his help. Before being taken to the hospital, Hsin praises Huang for his loyalty, and offers to name him the next Triad boss; Huang's response is not revealed.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Music for the opening titles of gameplay is the track "Chinatown Wars" performed by Ghostface Killah and MF Doom and produced by Oh No of Stones Throw Records.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: The DS version of the game features music by Deadmau5 among others. On top of the soundtrack featured in the DS version of the game the PSP version features music by Anvil, Tortoise, DFA Records, Turntables on the Hudson and DJ Khalil.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: The iOS and Android version featured all the music from the DS and PSP version and allowed the player to customise a music playlist using songs from their music library.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: On 15 July 2008, it was announced at a Nintendo press conference that "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" would be released to the Nintendo DS in the following Winter. According to Nintendo World Report, "Chinatown Wars" contains over 900,000 lines of "hand-optimized" code.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: In the GameStop pre-order commercial for "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars", the dialogue referred to the real-life corporate bailout in 2008. A new gameplay trailer was released on 6 March 2009, showing gameplay involving using a sniper rifle and interacting with keypads with the Nintendo DS' stylus. GameStop had a promotion where they sent around a van letting people try the game before it was released. Other stores gave away a "credit card" which activates $10,000 of in-game money and earlier access to better weapons. Amazon provided a code to unlock an exclusive bulletproof Infernus with preorders.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" has received widespread critical acclaim. On GameRankings, it is currently the highest rated Nintendo DS game ever, with an average review score of 93%. The game holds a 93/100 aggregate score on Metacritic which is the highest score on that site for a DS game. The game also has the highest rank for the Nintendo DS at "GameSpot", with a rating of 9.5/10. "Official Nintendo Magazine" rated the game 94%, praising the visuals and variety in gameplay, concluding in their review that "Rockstar has captured and condensed the "Grand Theft Auto" series' high points and crammed them into one terrific title. Think the DS can't handle "GTA"? Think again." "IGN" UK gave it a rating of 9.2, calling it "a masterpiece of handheld gaming", while "IGN" US gave the game a 9.5 out of 10. "Eurogamer" gave it a rating of 10/10, saying "Overall this is "GTA" as it first was, with the inherited wisdom of "GTA" as it's been since, finished off with all sorts of things that would happily belong in a "GTA" of the future." "1UP.com" gave it an A−, saying that "from the start, Chinatown Wars looks impressive".


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Chinatown Wars" generated lower than expected sales in its first week in the United Kingdom, and did not even sell to level with the debut of "", which was Rockstar's expectation. In the United States, it sold just under 90,000 units during its first two weeks on the American market. This led Best Buy to sell the game at a reduced price for a limited time; the response to this was very positive.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Rockstar confirmed via a press release that "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" was going to be released for the PlayStation Portable on 20 October 2009. It was speculated that the PSP version would revert to the third person view. However it retained the top down view from the DS version, and also received acclaim. The game is available on UMD as well as via the PlayStation Network. "1UP.com" gave the PSP version an A−, citing the experience is good the second time around, and it is efficient for people who are playing for the first time. "IGN" gave the PSP version a 9.3/10, compared to the 9.5/10 on DS. The Indian website "SKOAR!" gave the version a 9/10, stating "the only complaint I have with the game is that it feels a bit too easy".


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: Unlike the DS version, which reached number 5, the PSP game did not chart in the UK top 40 upon release, nor did it chart in the US monthly top 20.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Chinatown Wars" was released on iPhone and iPod Touch on 17 January 2010. The touchscreen minigame mechanics originally seen in the Nintendo DS version returned in a similar fashion. The graphics, when compared to the DS and PSP versions, are not cel-shaded like the DS version and lack the ambient lighting and effects seen in the PSP version. An update released on 28 March 2010 added the radio stations that were formerly exclusive to the PSP version.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: The iPad version was released on 9 September 2010, with 1024x768 high definition graphics. It received critical acclaim, with "IGN" Levi Buchanan giving it a 9.0/10, calling it "a phenomenal play".


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: On 13 October 2013, "Chinatown Wars" was removed from the App Store with no statement given by Rockstar. It is believed that it was due to compatibility issues with iOS 7; on 21 December 2013, the game returned to the store with the compatibility issues fixed. An additional update was released on 18 December 2014 that provided support for Retina Display resolutions and wireless controller support.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Chinatown Wars" made its debut on Android devices on 18 December 2014, featuring the same graphical improvements and features as the latest iOS update. The Android version was developed by War Drum Studios. Currently, both the iOS and Android versions contain no multiplayer or Social Club compatibility.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: At the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards, "Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars" received the Best Handheld Game award. However, the version was not specified. It also won the Best Nintendo DS Game of 2009 Award from GameSpot. The game was nominated for three of GameSpot's awards: Game of the Year, DS Game of the Year, and Action Game of the Year, winning DS Game of the Year. "Chinatown Wars" was nominated for Game of the Year by "Nintendo Power", as well as Nintendo DS Game of the Year, Best Nintendo DS Graphics, and Best Adventure Game. "Pocket Gamer" awarded the game Best Action/Arcade Game for handheld, Game of the Year for handheld and Overall Game of the Year in 2010.


title: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars

text: "Chinatown Wars" continues the series' tradition of controversy because of a drug dealing minigame that includes heroin and ecstasy. Protesters against the game include Darren Gold of the anti-drug abuse charity Drugsline, who stated: "Anything using drug-dealing as entertainment is sending out the wrong message. Glamorisation doesn't help our work trying to educate kids of the dangers of substance misuse." In an interview with "Edge" magazine, Dan Houser said "we wanted to have a drug-dealing mini-game in lots of the "GTA" games. [...] We played with it a little in "", because it worked really well juxtaposed with the main story. It works well with what "GTA" is, with driving around the map, and it gives you another thing to think about – another layer or piece of the puzzle to keep you motivated... It does intersect with the main story and things you learn from it work with the story, but it mostly runs on its own."


title: Mary Parent

text: Mary Parent (born 1968) is an American film producer, and former studio executive. In February 2011, she co-founded Disruption Entertainment, a company with a first-look deal at Paramount Pictures. She was formerly the Chairperson of Metro Goldwyn Mayer's Worldwide Motion Picture Group. She was a former President of Production for Universal Studios. There, she was responsible for "Meet the Fockers", "The Bourne Supremacy", "Serenity", and other films. In 2004, Parent and Scott Stuber were named Vice Chairman of Worldwide Production for Universal Pictures. In 2005, Universal inked a production deal with the duo under the shingle Stuber/Parent Productions. Under Stuber/Parent, she has produced such films as "Role Models" (2008), "Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins" (2008), "The Kingdom" (2007), and "You, Me and Dupree" (2006). She produced Guillermo del Toro's "Pacific Rim", the Darren Aronofsky epic "Noah" and "" (2015). Parent worked at New Line Cinema in the 1990s.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Thomas Patten Stafford (born September 17, 1930) is an American former Air Force officer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut, and one of 24 people who flew to the Moon. He also served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1969 to 1971.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: After graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Stafford was commissioned in the United States Air Force, flying the F-86 Sabre before becoming a test pilot. He was selected to become an astronaut in 1962, and flew aboard Gemini 6A and Gemini 9A. In 1969, Stafford was the commander of Apollo 10, the second crewed mission to orbit the Moon and the first to fly a Lunar Module in lunar orbit, descending to an altitude of nine miles.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In 1975, Stafford was the commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) flight, the first joint U.S.-Soviet space mission. A brigadier general at the time, he became the first general officer to fly in space. He was the first member of his Naval Academy class to pin on the first, second, and third stars of a general officer. He made six rendezvous in space and logged 507 hours of space flight.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Stafford has flown more than 120 types of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft and three types of spacecraft. Following the deaths of Wally Schirra, Eugene Cernan and John Young, he is the last surviving crew member of Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, and Apollo 10. He and Vance Brand are the last two surviving crew members of ASTP.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Thomas Patten Stafford was born on September 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Oklahoma, to Thomas Sabert Stafford, a dentist, and Mary Ellen Stafford (), a former teacher. Thomas Sabert Stafford was diagnosed with skin cancer in 1944, and died on June 22, 1948. Mary Stafford remained in Weatherford until her death in August 1987. Stafford became interested in aviation following the start of World War II, as the nearby city El Reno has an Army Air Corps training base. Stafford began making model airplanes, and made his first flight at the age of 14 in a Piper Cub. He attended Weatherford High School and graduated in 1948.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In his senior year of high school, Stafford was recruited to play football at the University of Oklahoma, where he had received a Navy ROTC scholarship. Stafford applied to the United States Naval Academy, and was accepted to the Class of 1952. Stafford intended to play football for the Navy Midshipmen, but sustained a career-ending knee injury during a preseason practice session. After his freshman year, he sailed aboard the battleship , where his roommate was his future Apollo 10 Command Module Pilot, John Young. Following his second year, Stafford spent a summer at NAS Pensacola, where he was exposed to naval aviation and flew in the SNJ Trainer. On a trip home to Weatherford, Stafford began dating his future wife, Faye Shoemaker. After his third year, he served aboard , a destroyer escorting USS "Missouri". While visiting home during his fourth year, Stafford became engaged to Faye in December 1951. In the spring of 1952, he was selected in a lottery to join the U.S. Air Force upon graduation. Stafford graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in 1952, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In high school, Stafford served in the 45th Infantry Division in the Oklahoma National Guard. Soon after, he transferred to the division's 158th Field Artillery Battalion, where he plotted targets for artillery fires.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Stafford attended the first phase of pilot training at Greenville AFB, Mississippi, San Marcos AFB, Texas and Connally AFB, Texas, where he flew the T-6 Texan and the T-33 Shooting Star. While on a training mission at San Marcos AFB, he was involved in a mid-air collision with another student pilot. Stafford and his instructor were able to land, but the other student pilot was killed. He graduated from pilot training on September 1, 1953, and moved to Tyndall AFB, Florida, for F-86 Sabre training. In 1954, Stafford was assigned to the 54th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota, where he flew the F-86 mission for Arctic defense. In 1955, Stafford transferred to the 496th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Landstuhl AFB (now Ramstein AB), West Germany, again flying interceptor mission in the F-86 Sabre. In addition, he served as an assistant maintenance officer, developing his interest in applying for the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In 1958, Stafford attended the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, where he finished first in his class, and received the A. B. Honts Award. After graduation, he remained at Edwards AFB as a flight instructor. While working as an instructor, Stafford created the first civilian instructor position at Test Pilot School to ensure continuity, and co-wrote the "Pilot's Handbook for Performance Flight Testing" and the "Aerodynamics Handbook for Performance Flight Testing". At the end of his assignment, Stafford was accepted at Harvard Business School, and moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in September 1962. Three days after arriving, he was accepted to NASA Group Two.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In April 1962, while working as a flight instructor, Stafford applied for the next round of astronaut selection. The required interviews and medical screenings occurred over the summer of 1962 at Brooks Air Force Base and in Houston. On September 14, 1962, Stafford was selected for Astronaut Group 2, alongside eight other future astronauts.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Stafford was originally scheduled to fly with Alan Shepard on the first crewed Gemini mission, Gemini 3, but was replaced when Shepard was removed from the flight rotation after being diagnosed with Ménière's disease. Stafford was paired with Wally Schirra as pilot and commander, respectively, and the pair was reassigned as the backup crew for Gemini 3, and primary crew for Gemini 6.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: The original Gemini 6 mission profile involved docking with an Agena target vehicle. On October 25, 1965, Schirra and Stafford were inside Gemini 6 before liftoff when the Agena vehicle exploded on ascent. After the original mission was canceled, it was redesignated Gemini 6A and was planned to rendezvous with the long-duration Gemini 7 mission. Gemini 7 lifted off on December 4, 1965. On December 12, 1965, Gemini 6A's ignition was followed by an immediate engine shutdown. Schirra and Stafford did not eject, and the cause of the shutdown was found to be an electrical issue and a cap inadvertently left on a fuel line.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: On December 15, 1965, Gemini 6A lifted off and rendezvoused with Gemini 7. The two spacecraft kept station for about five hours, coming within feet of each other. Gemini 6A splashed down on December 16, and was recovered by .


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Before Gemini 6A, Stafford was assigned as the backup commander for Gemini 9 with Eugene Cernan as the backup pilot. Charlie Bassett and Elliot See were the primary crew. On February 28, 1966, both crews flew in T-38 Talons to Lambert Field to visit the McDonnell Douglas Gemini assembly facility. Bassett and See crashed on landing, and were killed. Stafford and Cernan became the Gemini 9 primary crew, with Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin as their backup crew.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: On May 17, 1966, the Agena target vehicle went off course and was shut down before entering orbit. As there was no replacement Agena rocket, the new target for the mission was the Augmented Target Docking Adapter (ATDA), which achieved orbit on June 1, 1966. The Gemini 9A launch, scheduled for later the same day, was canceled due to a computer error. Gemini 9A launched on June 3, and rendezvoused with the ATDA on the second orbit. However, the shroud on the ATDA had only partially opened, and Gemini 9A was unable to dock with it. Nonetheless, Stafford and Cernan conducted orbital rendezvous maneuvers with the ATDA, including a simulated rescue of a lunar module in a lower orbit.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: The following day, Cernan attempted an extravehicular activity (EVA), with the primary mission of testing the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit (AMU). After exiting the spacecraft, Cernan quickly experienced mobility issues, followed by environmental regulation and communication issues. The EVA was aborted, and Cernan returned to the capsule after two hours. On June 6, Gemini 9A landed, and was recovered by USS "Wasp".


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: After Gemini 9A, Stafford was assigned as the backup command module pilot on Apollo 2, with Frank Borman as the commander and Mike Collins as the lunar module pilot. For his technical assignment, Stafford was tasked as an astronaut liaison for the development of Apollo guidance and navigation systems, as well as the command and service module. In late 1966, he was reassigned to Apollo 2 backup commander, with Apollo 10 crewmates John Young as the command module pilot and Gene Cernan as the lunar module pilot. While testing the command module, they received word of the Apollo 1 fire and subsequent suspension of the Apollo program.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In the spring of 1968, Deke Slayton announced that the previous backup crew for Apollo 2 would become the primary crew for Apollo 10. In preparation for the mission, Stafford helped design a color camera to replace the grainy black-and-white video broadcast before from space; he felt that public outreach was a vital aspect of the mission. The command module (CM) was nicknamed "Charlie Brown"; the lunar module (LM) was nicknamed "Snoopy".


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Apollo 10 lifted off on May 18, 1969. Despite heavy oscillation during ascent, Apollo 10 achieved orbit without incident, docked the LM and CM, and achieved its translunar injection burn. Upon arriving in lunar orbit, Stafford and Cernan undocked in the LM and entered an elliptical orbit with a periapsis (the closest distance) of nine miles over the lunar surface. To provide reconnaissance, the periapsis coincided with the Sea of Tranquility, the intended landing site for Apollo 11. Upon ascent, the LM began turning rapidly from a misaligned switch on the Abort Guidance System; Stafford was able to regain control and conduct the burn to rendezvous with the CM. The LM docked with the CM to return the astronauts and was jettisoned. After two days in lunar orbit, the Apollo 10 began its return trajectory. Along the return, the capsule traveled , setting the record for the fastest speed by a human being. Apollo 10 splashed down east of Samoa and was recovered by .


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In July 1969, Stafford replaced Alan Shepard (who had returned to flight status) as Chief of the Astronaut Office. Along with Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton, Stafford oversaw assignments to the upcoming Apollo and Skylab missions until Shepard resumed the position after Apollo 14 in July 1971. During this period, U.S. President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin agreed to the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). Stafford was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in late 1972, and was soon named the commander of ASTP, along with Slayton (who had also returned to flight status) and Vance Brand.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: Beginning in 1973, the ASTP team trained extensively in Russia and the United States. Soyuz 19, carrying Alexei Leonov and Valery Kubasov, launched on July 15, 1975, at 12:20 UTC, followed by Apollo at 19:50 UTC. After two days in space, Soyuz and Apollo docked on July 17, where the crews met and conducted joint experiments and held press conferences. After remaining docked for 44 hours, the two spacecraft undocked on July 19. Soyuz returned to Earth on July 21; Apollo remained in orbit until July 24. While descending, the Apollo command module began filling with nitrogen tetroxide from the reaction control thrusters. The crew donned oxygen masks, but Brand lost consciousness and had to be assisted by Stafford. All crew were safely recovered aboard , and were hospitalized in Hawaii for edema (swelling) from fuel inhalation.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: In June 1975, before ASTP, Stafford was offered command of the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB. He accepted and assumed the assignment on November 15, 1975. Stafford oversaw both the Air Force and NASA test facilities at Edwards AFB, as well as test ranges in Utah and Nevada. He continued to fly (including foreign aircraft such as the MiG-17 and Panavia Tornado) and was involved in the interview of Viktor Belenko after his defection. Stafford also managed the development of the XST, which would later evolve into the F-117 Nighthawk. In March 1978, he was promoted to lieutenant general and became Deputy Chief of Staff, Research Development and Acquisition in Washington, D.C. While working in Washington, Stafford advocated for the creation of the mobile MX missile, and began developing the Advanced Technology Bomber, the predecessor to the B-2 stealth bomber.


title: Thomas P. Stafford

text: With no statement of need or requirements, he pushed for and started a larger attack stealth aircraft named Senior Trend which was later designated the Stealth Attack F-117A. The F-117A flew in just two years and eight months after the contract with Lockheed was signed. This is a modern record from the start of the contract to flight. The aircraft became operational in less than five years. During Desert Storm, it was the only plane that secured airspace above Baghdad on the opening night of combat in 1991. The F-117A flew less than two percent of the air-to-ground combat missions, but it was responsible for attacking 38 percent of the Iraqi strategic targets.