title: Roopkund

text: Remnants belonging to more than 300 people have been found. The Anthropological Survey of India conducted a study of the skeletons during the 1950s and some samples are displayed at the Anthropological Survey of India Museum, Dehradun. The studies of the skeletons revealed head injuries; according to some sources, these injuries were caused by round objects from above, and were the common cause of death amongst the deceased. Those researchers concluded that the victims had been caught in a sudden hailstorm, just as described in local legends and songs. Radiocarbon dating of the bones at Oxford University's Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit determined the time of death to be 850 CE ±30 years. More recently, radiocarbon dating combined with genome-wide analysis of 38 individuals from Roopkund Lake, found that the remains are from different eras and belong to three distinct groups. A group of 23 individuals (dated ~800 CE) had typical South Asian ancestry, one individual (dated ~1800 CE) had Southeast Asian ancestry, and 14 individuals (dated ~1800 CE) had ancestry typical of the eastern Mediterranean, and specifically of present-day people from mainland Greece and Crete. Those findings counter the theory that the individuals died in a single catastrophic event. The radiocarbon dating further suggests that the older, South Asian remains were deposited over an extended period of time, while the younger, eastern Mediterranean and Southeast Asian remains were deposited during a single event.


title: Roopkund

text: There is growing concern about the regular loss of skeletons and it is feared that, if steps are not taken to conserve them, the skeletons may gradually vanish in the years to come. It is reported that tourists visiting the area are in the habit of taking back the bones in large numbers and the district administration has expressed the need to protect the area. The district magistrate of Chamoli District has reported that tourists, trekkers, and curious researchers are transporting the skeletons on mules and recommended that the area should be protected. Government agencies have made efforts to develop the area as an eco-tourism destination to protect the skeletons.


title: Roopkund

text: Roopkund is a picturesque tourist destination and one of the important places for trekking in Chamoli District, Himalayas, near the base of two Himalayan peaks: Trisul (7,120 m) and Nanda Ghunti (6,310 m). The Lake is flanked by a rock face named Junargali to the North and a peak named Chandania Kot to the East. A religious festival is held at the alpine meadow of Bedni Bugyal every autumn with nearby villages participating. A larger celebration, the Nanda Devi Raj Jat, takes place once every twelve years at Roopkund, during which Goddess Nanda is worshipped. The lake is covered with ice for most of the year, with the best time to trek being in autumn (mid-September to October).


title: Roopkund

text: Roopkund's skeletons were featured in a "National Geographic" documentary, "Riddles of the Dead: Skeleton Lake". The Indian Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) commissioned the documentary "The Mysterious Frozen Lake in the Himalayas", where a scientific team and a film crew try to investigate the lake.


title: Nathan Riggs

text: Nathan Riggs M.D., F.A.C.S., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy", which has aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actor Martin Henderson. He was introduced in the episode "The Me Nobody Knows" as a cardiothoracic surgeon who had worked overseas with April Kepner during her time in Jordan. After bringing a patient to Grey-Sloan Memorial, he begins working there as an attending under Maggie Pierce. At the hospital, he begins a romantic relationship with Meredith Grey, now a widow after the death of Derek Shepherd, until his missing fiancée, Megan Hunt, is found and brought home. Nathan makes his last appearance in the episode "Danger Zone" when he and Megan start their life anew with her son in Los Angeles. It is revealed in Season 18 by Megan that the couple broke up.


title: Nathan Riggs

text: Nathan Riggs is introduced in the sixth episode of the show's twelfth season as a new cardio attending at Grey-Sloan Memorial. It is quickly learned that he and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) had been friends, but that their friendship ended acrimoniously. It is later revealed that Nathan and Owen's feud was caused by the disappearance of Owen's sister, Megan. Megan, who had been engaged to Nathan at the time of her abduction, had discovered Nathan's infidelity before running off and ultimately getting kidnapped. Owen has long blamed Riggs for the fate of his sister, who has been presumed dead for 10 years now. However, as time goes on, Nathan and Owen learn to work together and eventually reinstate their friendship.


title: Nathan Riggs

text: Towards the end of Season 12, Nathan sleeps with Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) in the back of her car. After the incident, they agree that it was a one-time thing, as Meredith still has trouble moving on from her late husband, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). Meredith also learns that her half-sister, Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), has developed a crush on Nathan, further separating Nathan and Meredith. Still, Nathan continues to pursue Meredith, and although she resists, they eventually begin a relationship after sleeping together again. The two stay together for some time, but just when things are on the verge of getting serious, Megan is found in the Season 13 finale. Meredith sends Nathan off to Megan, insisting that she would have done the same thing had it been Derek. Nathan and Megan initially have trouble resuming their relationship, as she believes that he is still in love with Meredith, but they finally get back together when he brings her son, Farouk, to her from Iraq, proving his loyalty to her. In "Danger Zone", Nathan moves to Los Angeles with Megan and Farouk to start their lives together.


title: Nathan Riggs

text: Nathan made his last appearance in the season 14 episode "Danger Zone". The episode was designed as the departure for series regular Martin Henderson, having joined the cast in 2015 and conceived originally as the love-interest for Meredith.


title: Nathan Riggs

text: Shonda Rhimes announced the exit of Martin Henderson as Nathan Riggs via Twitter: "I loved that we were able to give Riggs a happy ending worthy of his character and talent. As for Martin, this is not an ending for our relationship. He has been part of the Shondaland family since the pilot of "Inside The Box" and he will always be family. I can't wait to find a new project to work with him on in the future." Henderson indicated in an interview with "Deadline" that his departure was a storytelling based decision, as he was given a "short-term contract", adding, "This [was] my final year so I was expecting Nathan's storyline to be wrapped up."


title: Nathan Riggs

text: I think there was clearly something for Nathan in those relationships. Feelings like that, I don't think they go away. The nature of his previous commitment to Megan and his feelings around that put him in a horrible state of having to choose between two people he cares about, but honoring his commitment to Megan and following through on that is the right thing to do. It doesn't negate his feelings for Meredith. The complications of Meredith's emotions, the loss of Derek and moving on from that still plagues her. And there's as much ambiguity around all those feelings. The two of them found each other and that provided good drama. I feel bad for fans who were keen on Meredith and Nathan making it, and not being privy to where each character would go. It's hard to hear those outpourings from those who didn't know it was going to end up like this. But it makes for nice drama and it's something that Shonda does brilliantly: Dashing people's hopes and expectations. That's why the show continues to be successful. You can't predict what will happen to people at any time.


title: The Glee Project

text: The Glee Project is an American reality television series from Oxygen. It served as an audition for the Fox musical comedy series "Glee", and the prize for the winner was a minimum seven-episode arc in the following season of the show. The show's first season premiered in the US on June 12, 2011, and concluded on August 21, 2011. In Canada, the series began airing on Slice on June 26, 2011, and in the UK, the series began airing on Sky 1 on July 14, 2011. A second season aired in the US from June 5 to August 14, 2012. In July 2013, it was announced that "The Glee Project" would not return for a third season.


title: The Glee Project

text: "Glee" executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for "The Glee Project". "Glee" casting director, Robert J. Ulrich, was casting director for the project, while "Glee" on-screen non-speaking accompanist, Brad Ellis, helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of "The Top 12" special that led into the pilot episode of season 1.


title: The Glee Project

text: Each episode of "The Glee Project" was given an overall theme and covered events that had taken place in about the time span of a week. The following is how the events were broadcast.


title: The Glee Project

text: Contestants were given a "homework assignment" that entailed learning and practicing segments of a chosen song. At the beginning of each episode, contestants performed their respective parts of the song in front of a mystery guest judge from the "Glee" cast. The contestant that completed the homework best was given a one-on-one session with the guest star and a principal part in the music video.


title: The Glee Project

text: Contestants then created a music video "inspired by the performances on "Glee"". In preparation for the music video, contestants recorded parts of a song in a professional studio with vocal producer Nikki Anders (née Hassman). They also learned choreography from Zach Woodlee and/or Brooke Lipton, his assistant. The entire process was overseen by "Glee" casting director Robert J. Ulrich.


title: The Glee Project

text: During callbacks, the top performing contestants were revealed. They were complimented on their performances and immediately called back. Then the remaining ones were critiqued by Robert J. Ulrich and Zach Woodlee, and also in the second season by Nikki Anders, about their performances. (Anders substituted for Woodlee in Ep. 8 of the first season.) Then the bottom three contestants were revealed as others were added to the callback list. They were then each assigned a different song that they will perform in hopes of being "saved".


title: The Glee Project

text: During season 1, Nikki visited each of the bottom in their dressing/rehearsal room to provide last minute feedback and a pep talk.


title: The Glee Project

text: The bottom three of the week performed their assigned songs in front of Ryan Murphy himself. With input from Woodlee, Ulrich, and Anders (in the second season) a decision was made and one of the bottom three was eliminated.


title: The Glee Project

text: During the next to last episode of each season Ryan didn't include the mentors; instead he invited co-creator Ian Brennan to join him. In the final episodes, Murphy, Woodlee, Ulrich, Anders, and Brennan were also joined by several of the guest mentors, writers, and cast members.


title: The Glee Project

text: Unlike most reality competition shows, contestants were not directly informed of their elimination, nor did they wait for extended tension-filled pauses to hear the results one by one. Rather, the bottom three were notified when "the list is up" and discovered their fate as they found their name on the list. Afterwards, the eliminated contestant sang lead vocals in "Keep Holding On" by Avril Lavigne with the remaining contestants singing the background vocals.


title: The Glee Project

text: Although originally planned to begin broadcasting in late May 2011, "The Glee Project" premiered on June 12, 2011, and aired a two-hour extended premiere where the first hour showed the audition process and selection of the twelve contenders, and the second hour was the first episode of the series. The Canadian and UK premieres were also in the same two-hour extended format: in Canada, the series began airing on Slice on June 26, 2011, and in the UK, the series began airing on Sky One on July 14, 2011.


title: The Glee Project

text: Damian McGinty and Samuel Larsen were both proclaimed the winners of the first season, each winning a seven-episode arc. Runners-up Lindsay Pearce and Alex Newell were given prizes of a two-episode arc on "Glee", and Cameron Mitchell, who quit the competition in episode 7, won the "fan favorite" competition and the associated $10,000 prize. Pearce's two-episode arc, as a Rachel Berry-esque girl named Harmony, consisted of the season premiere episode "The Purple Piano Project" and the eighth episode "Hold On to Sixteen", while McGinty began his arc as Rory Flanagan, an Irish exchange student, in the fourth episode "Pot o' Gold"; McGinty was retained on the show beyond his seven-episode prize. Larsen debuted on Glee in the thirteenth episode, "Heart", as a transfer student named Joe Hart, also appearing beyond his original seven-episode stint. Newell's first appearance was in the April 17, 2012, episode "Saturday Night Glee-ver". They played Wade Adams, a transgender member of the rival Vocal Adrenaline show choir, and appeared briefly in "Props", returning a few more times before transferring to McKinley High for the series' fourth season and becoming a series regular for its fifth season.


title: The Glee Project

text: Casting for a second season was announced after the first season finale. The season pickup was confirmed on January 17, 2012, at which time it was stated that the second season would feature fourteen contestants, an increase of two from the twelve in the first season. On January 21, 2012, Lea Michele revealed that she would be the guest mentor for the season premiere. Other guest mentors will include season 1 co-winner Samuel Larsen (Joe Hart), Cory Monteith (Finn Hudson), Naya Rivera (Santana Lopez), Jane Lynch (Sue Sylvester), Amber Riley (Mercedes Jones), Chris Colfer (Kurt Hummel), Dianna Agron (Quinn Fabray) and returning season 1 mentors Darren Criss (Blaine Anderson) and Kevin McHale (Artie Abrams).


title: The Glee Project

text: The second season premiered in the US on June 5, 2012, and ran for eleven weeks, concluding on August 14, 2012. There was one winner for the season: Blake Jenner won the seven-episode arc on "Glee". He made his first appearance in the fifth episode of season four, "The Role You Were Born to Play", as a McKinley student named Ryder Lynn. He was a recurring character for 18 episodes on season 4 and was promoted to series regular on season 5. Ali Stroker, the runner up, also made an unexpected first appearance in the fourth season episode, "I Do", as Betty Pillsbury.


title: The Glee Project

text: Dani Shay, who was the third person eliminated, was previously a contestant on America's Got Talent (season 6) going as far as the quarter-finals.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide Christian inter-church organization founded in 1948 to work for the cause of ecumenism. Its full members today include the Assyrian Church of the East, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholic Church, the Lutheran churches, the Anglican Communion, the Mennonite churches, the Methodist churches, the Moravian Church, Mar Thoma Syrian Church and the Reformed churches, as well as the Baptist World Alliance and Pentecostal churches. Notably, the Catholic Church is not a full member, although it sends delegates to meetings who have observer status.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The WCC describes itself as "a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness and Christian service". It has no head office as such, but its administrative centre is at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization's members include denominations which claim to collectively represent over 500 million people across the world in more than 110 countries.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Many regional affiliates of the World Council of Churches, such as the Middle East Council of Churches and National Council of Churches in Australia, work for the cause of Christian unity at the domestic level, with member denominations including the Oriental Orthodox Churches, Lutheran churches, Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox churches, Methodist churches, Anglican Communion, Reformed churches, among others.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The Ecumenical Movement met with initial successes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 (chaired by future WCC Honorary President John R. Mott). In 1920, the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Germanus V of Constantinople, wrote a letter "addressed 'To all the Churches of Christ, wherever they may be', urging closer co-operation among separated Christians, and suggesting a 'League of Churches', parallel to the newly founded League of Nations". Church leaders agreed in 1937 to establish a World Council of Churches, based on a merger of the "Faith and Order Movement" (under Charles Brent of the Episcopal Church of the United States) and "Life and Work Movement" (under Nathan Söderblom of the Lutheran Church of Sweden) organisations.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Its official establishment was deferred with the outbreak of World War II until 23 August 1948. Delegates of 147 churches assembled in Amsterdam to merge the Faith and Order Movement and Life and Work Movement. This was consolidated by a second meeting at Lund in 1950, for which the British Methodist Robert Newton Flew edited an influential volume of studies, "The Nature of the Church". Subsequent mergers were with the International Missionary Council in 1961 and the World Council of Christian Education, with its roots in the 18th century Sunday School movement, in 1971.


title: World Council of Churches

text: WCC member churches include the Assyrian Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, almost all of the Eastern Orthodox Churches and Lutheran Churches; the Moravian Church; the Anglican Communion; some Old Catholic Churches; the Methodist churches; the Presbyterian and other Reformed churches, a sampling of united and independent churches, and some Baptist and Pentecostal churches.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Delegates sent from the member churches meet every seven or eight years in an Assembly, which elects a Central Committee that governs between Assemblies. A variety of other committees and commissions answer to the Central Committee and its staff. Assemblies have been held since 1948.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The "human rights abuses in communist countries evoked grave concern among the leaders of the World Council of Churches." However, historian Christopher Andrew claims that, during the Cold War, a number of important WCC representatives of the Orthodox Church in Eastern Europe had been working for the KGB, and that they influenced the policy of the WCC. From 1955 to 1958, Robert S. Bilheimer co-chaired a WCC international commission to prepare a document addressing the threat of nuclear warfare during the Cold War.


title: World Council of Churches

text: At the 1961 conference, a 32-year-old Russian Orthodox Bishop named Aleksey Ridiger was sent as delegate to the assembly, and then appointed to the WCC's central committee. He was later elected as Russian patriarch in 1990 as Alexei II.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The ninth assembly took place in Porto Alegre, Brazil in February 2006, under the theme "God, in your grace, transform the world". During the first Assemblies, theologians Vasileios Ioannidis and Amilkas Alivizatos contributed significantly to the debates that led to the drafting of the "Toronto Statement", a foundational document which facilitated Eastern Orthodox participation in the organization and today it constitutes its ecclesiological charter.


title: World Council of Churches

text: In 2013 Dr. Agnes Abuom of Nairobi, from the Anglican Church of Kenya, was elected as moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches; she is the first woman and the first African to hold this position.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The World Council of Churches has held 10 Assemblies to date, starting with the founding assembly in 1948:


title: World Council of Churches

text: Since the World Council of Churches was officially founded in 1948, the following men have served as general secretary:


title: World Council of Churches

text: There are two complementary approaches to ecumenism: dialogue and action. The "Faith and Order Movement" and "Life and Work Movement" represent these approaches. These approaches are reflected in the work of the WCC in its commissions, these being:


title: World Council of Churches

text: The WCC acts through both its member churches and other religious and social organizations to coordinate ecumenical, evangelical, and social action.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Current WCC programs include a Decade to Overcome Violence, an international campaign to combat AIDS/HIV in Africa and the "Justice, Peace and Creation" initiative.


title: World Council of Churches

text: WCC's Faith and Order Commission has been successful in working toward consensus on Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry, on the date of Easter, on the nature and purpose of the church (ecclesiology), and on ecumenical hermeneutics.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Justice, Peace and Creation has drawn many elements together with an environmental focus. Its mandate is:


title: World Council of Churches

text: Focal issues have been globalization and the emergence of new social movements (in terms of people "bonding together" in the struggle for justice, peace, and the protection of creation).


title: World Council of Churches

text: The largest Christian body, the Roman Catholic Church, is not a member of the WCC, but has worked closely with the council for more than three decades and sends observers to all major WCC conferences as well as to its Central Committee meetings and the Assemblies (cf. Joint Working Group).


title: World Council of Churches

text: The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity also nominates 12 members to the WCC's "Faith and Order Commission" as full members. While not a member of the WCC, the Catholic Church is a member of some other ecumenical bodies at regional and national levels, for example, the National Council of Churches in Australia and the National Council of Christian Churches in Brazil (CONIC).


title: World Council of Churches

text: Pope Pius XI stated in 1928, that the only means by which the world Christian community was to return to faith, was to return to Roman Catholic Worship. In this regard, the Papacy rejected, to a great extent, the idea of the participation of the Catholic Church within the World Council of Churches.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Pius XI stated that the ‘One true Church’ was that of the Roman Catholic denomination, and therefore there was the implication that the Catholic Church was not permitted at this stage to engage with other denominations, which the Papacy considered to be irrelevant. A similar policy was followed by his successor, Pope Pius XII; the Catholic Church, therefore, did not attend the 1948 meeting of the WCC, in addition to the idea that all members of the Church were barred from attending WCC conferences.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Pope John XXIII took a different stance however, and in 1958 he was elected as the head of the Catholic Church. Ecumenism was a new element of Catholic ideology which had been permitted, which was signified to a great extent, when John XXIII met with the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher. This was the first meeting between an Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Pope in the Vatican for 600 years. John XXIII later developed the office of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity; which symbolised a dramatic shift in support for the ecumenical movement, from the Catholic Church, led from the Vatican. 1961 saw Catholic members attend the Delhi conference of the WCC, which marked a significant shift in attitude toward the WCC from the Papacy. There was the idea in addition to this, that the Pope invited non-Catholics to attend the Vatican II Council. This new approach to inter-denominational relations was marked within the "Unitatis Redintegratio" decree.


title: World Council of Churches

text: I. ‘Separated brethren’ was the new term for non-Catholics, as opposed to the previously used ‘heretics’


title: World Council of Churches

text: II. Both Catholic and non-Catholic elements are held responsible for the schism between Catholicism and the Protestant movement


title: World Council of Churches

text: Further reforms have been enacted with regard to the nature of the Catholic Church on the world stage, for instance the 1965 union with the Patriarch of Constantinople, whereby the 1054 schism was undermined. In addition to this, Michael Ramsay, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, received an episcopal ring in 1966; a mark of union which had not been seen since prior to the Reformation. Moreover, the Anglican, Roman Catholic International Committee was additionally established as a means of promoting communication and cohesion between the two denominations. This has since marked a new level of participation of the Catholic Faith in the aforementioned ecumenical movement, and therefore is the basis for increased participation from the faith, in the WCC.


title: World Council of Churches

text: A "Special Commission" was set up by the eighth Harare Assembly in December 1998 to address Orthodox concerns about WCC membership and the council's decision-making style, public statements, worship practices, and other issues. It issued its final report in 2006. Specific issues that it clarified were that the WCC does not formulate doctrine, does not have authority to rule on moral issues, nor does it have any ecclesiastical authority. Such authority is entirely internal to each individual member church. It proposed that the WCC adopt a consensus method of decision making. It proposed that Orthodox members be brought in parity with non-Orthodox members. It further proposed clarification that inter-confessional prayer at WCC events is not worship, particularly "it should avoid giving the impression of being the worship of a church", and confessional and inter-confessional prayer each be specifically identified as such at WCC events.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The WCC is also a prominent supporter and practitioning body for Peace journalism: journalism practice that aims to avoid a value bias in favor of violence that often characterizes coverage of conflict.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The ACT Alliance, bringing together over 100 church-backed relief and development organizations worldwide, was born out of the merger of ACT International (Action by Churches Together International) and ACT Development (Action by Churches Together for Development) in March 2010. Both ACT International, established in 1995, and ACT Development (2007) were created through the leadership of the World Council of Churches (WCC). The two bodies coordinated the work of agencies related to the member churches of the WCC and the Lutheran World Federation in the areas of humanitarian emergencies and poverty reduction respectively.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The Ecumenical Advocacy Alliance was officially founded in December 2000 at a meeting convened by the WCC. There are currently 73 churches and Christian organizations that are members of the Alliance, from Catholic, Evangelical, Orthodox and Protestant traditions. These members, representing a combined constituency of tens of millions of people around the world, are committed to working together in public witness and action for justice on defined issues of common concern. Current campaigns are on Food and on HIV and AIDS.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The Ecumenical Church Loan Fund (ECLOF) was founded in 1946 as one of the world's first international micro-credit institutions in the service of the poor. Willem Visser 't Hooft, then general secretary of the "WCC in process of formation" played an important role in founding ECLOF. It was he who sketched the prospects and challenges for the proposed institution and gave specific ideas on potential sources of funds. His inspiration and teamwork marked the beginning of a long and fruitful cooperation between ECLOF and the WCC.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The Ecumenical Development Cooperative Society U.A (now known as Oikocredit) was developed from discussions at the 1968 Uppsala 4th Assembly, regarding church divestment from financial institutions supporting apartheid-era South Africa and the war in Vietnam. After several years of planning, the cooperative society was founded in 1975 in the Netherlands to provide an alternative ethical investment vehicle to church institutions, by providing credit to productive enterprises serving economically disadvantaged populations. Originally organized for large institutional members of the WCC, by 1976 local congregations developed Support Associations to enable congregations as well as individuals to participate. EDCS became independent from the WCC in 1977.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Ecumenical News International (ENI) was launched in 1994 as a global news service reporting on ecumenical developments and other news of the churches, and giving religious perspectives on news developments worldwide. The joint sponsors of ENI, which was based at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland, are the World Council of Churches, the Lutheran World Federation, the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, and the Conference of European Churches, which also have their headquarters at the Ecumenical Centre. A shortage of funds led to the suspension of the work of ENI in 2012. As of 2015 ENI remains closed.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The WCC has not sought the organic union of different Christian denominations, but it has, however, facilitated dialogue and supported local, national, and regional dialogue and cooperation.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Membership in a regional or national council does not mean that the particular group is also a member of the WCC.


title: World Council of Churches

text: Some historians, the U.S. State Department and former KGB officers themselves have alleged and provided corroborating evidence that the KGB's influence directly, or through lobbying by means of a front organization, the Christian Peace Conference, resulted in the WCC's failure to recognize or act on calls for help from persecuted East European Christians at the 1983 Vancouver General Assembly.


title: World Council of Churches

text: It is claimed the KGB has infiltrated and influenced past WCC councils and policy. In 1992, Father Gleb Yakunin, a vice Chairman of a Russian parliamentary commission that investigated the activities of the KGB, citing verbatim KGB reports, claimed that its Fifth Directorate was actively involved in influencing WCC policy from 1967 to 1989. For example, in the 1983 WCC General Assembly in Vancouver, one cited document described the presence and activities of 47 KGB agents to secure the election of an "acceptable" candidate as General Secretary. The Mitrokhin Archive reveals more about the depth of the penetration and influence wielded by the KGB over the WCC. Metropolitan Nikidim was a KGB agent, codenamed ADAMANT, who served as one of six WCC Presidents from 1975 until his death. His earlier intervention had resulted in the WCC making no comment on the invasion of Czechoslovakia. As a result of his influence and that of other agents, it is claimed the USSR was rarely publicly criticised. In 1989, copies of the KGB documents claim "the WCC executive and central committee adopted public statements (eight) and messages (three)" which corresponded to its own political direction. Appeals from suffering dissidents both from within the Russian Orthodox Church and Protestants were ignored in 1983. Metropolitan Aleksi Ridiger of Tallinn and Estonia was repeatedly alleged to be a KGB agent codenamed DROZDOV, who in 1988 was awarded an honorary citation for services to the KGB by its chairman. Despite official disavowals, The Guardian described the evidence as "compelling". In 1990 he became Alexius II, the 15th Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. Upon his death in 2008, the WCC's official tribute, by its Council officers, described him as "courageous", "supportive and constructive" and the recipient of "abundant blessing", no reference was made to the allegations.


title: World Council of Churches

text: The World Council of Churches has been described as taking an adversarial position toward the state of Israel. It has also been claimed the council has focused particularly on activities and publications criticizing Israel in comparison with other human rights issues. It is similarly claimed that it downplayed appeals from Egyptian Copts about human rights abuses under Sadat and Mubarak, in order to focus on its neighbour. In 2009, the Council called for an international boycott on goods produced in Israeli settlements, which it described as 'illegal, unjust' and 'incompatible with peace'. In 2013, the General Secretary was reported to claim in Cairo, "We support the Palestinians. The WCC supports the Palestinians, because they are in the right." The WCC's Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel (EAPPI) has been criticised by the Board of Deputies of British Jews for promoting "an inflammatory and partisan programme at the expense of its interfaith relations". The WCC secretariat was involved in preparing and helped disseminate the Kairos Palestine Document, which declares “the Israeli occupation of Palestinian land is a sin against God and humanity because it deprives the Palestinians of their basic human rights”, and in the view of one critic, its "authors want to see a single state".


title: World Council of Churches

text: Christian Zionism, which has long represented a major thread of historic and contemporary Protestants, is characterised as a view which "distort(s) the interpretation of the Word of God" and "damage(s) intra-Christian relations".


title: World Council of Churches

text: Frank Chikane, moderator of the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs (CCIA) of the World Council of Churches (WCC), was criticised for using the term 'demons' to describe advocacy for Zionism in 2021.


title: Harald II of Denmark

text: Harald Svendsen (c. 996–998 − c. 1018) was King of Denmark (being Harald II) from 1014 until his death in c. 1018. He was the eldest son of Sweyn Forkbeard and Gunhild of Wenden, and was regent while his father was fighting Æthelred the Unready in England. He inherited the Danish throne in 1014, and held it while his brother, the later king Cnut the Great conquered England. After his death in 1018(?), he was succeeded by Cnut the Great. Little detail is known about Harald II.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Florian Schneider-Esleben (7 April 194721 April 2020) was a German musician. He is best known as one of the founding members and leaders of the electronic band Kraftwerk, performing his role with the band until his departure in 2008.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider was born on 7 April 1947 in the French occupation zone in southern Germany, near the Bodensee, in what would become the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. His parents were Paul Schneider-Esleben, an architect, and his wife Evamaria ("née" van Diemen-Meyerhof). Schneider was Jewish on his mother's side; Paul married the half-Jewish Evamaria in 1946 against the will of his father, who remained a loyal Nazi. Schneider's family moved to Düsseldorf when he was three years old.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider founded Kraftwerk with Ralf Hütter in 1970. They met in 1968 while studying at the Academy of Arts in Remscheid, then at the Robert Schumann Hochschule in Düsseldorf, playing improvisational music together in the ensemble Organisation. Before meeting Hütter, Schneider had played with Eberhard Kranemann in the group Pissoff from 1967 to 1968. From 1968 to 1969, Schneider played flute, with Hütter on Hammond organ, Kranemann on bass and Paul Lovens on drums.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Originally, Schneider's main instrument was the flute, which he would treat using electronic effects, including tape echo, ring modulation, pitch-to-voltage converters, fuzz and wah-wah, allowing him to use his flute as a bass instrument. He also played violin (similarly treated), electric guitar (including slide guitar), and made use of synthesizers (both as a melodic instrument and as a sound processor). Later, he also created his own electronic flute instrument. After the release of Kraftwerk's 1974 album, "Autobahn", his use of acoustic instruments diminished.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider, speaking in 1991, said: "I had studied seriously up to a certain level, then I found it boring; I looked for other things, I found that the flute was too limiting... Soon I bought a microphone, then loudspeakers, then an echo, then a synthesizer. Much later I threw the flute away; it was a sort of process." Although he had limited keyboard technique, he apparently preferred to trigger the synth sounds through a keyboard (later, developments in sequencing limited the need for hands-on playing).


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider's approach was concentrated on sound design (in an interview in 2005, Hütter called him a "sound fetishist") and vocoding/speech-synthesis. One patented implementation of the latter was christened the Robovox, a distinctive feature of the Kraftwerk sound. Hütter said of Schneider's approach:


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider was also known for his comical, enigmatic interviews, although he only seldom gave permission to be interviewed.


title: Florian Schneider

text: In 2015, Schneider and Dan Lacksman, with the help of Uwe Schmidt, released an electronic ode, "Stop Plastic Pollution", for ocean environment conservation as part of the Parley for the Oceans campaign.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider did not perform on any of the dates of the Kraftwerk 2008 world tour, with his last performance with the band being in November 2006 in Spain. His position onstage was subsequently filled by Stefan Pfaffe, an associate working for the band as a video technician. According to a close associate of the group, Schneider left Kraftwerk in November 2008. On 6 January 2009, "NME" confirmed Schneider's departure.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Reputedly, Schneider's departure followed a dispute with Hütter over a bicycle pump, a rumour which some sources describe as unfounded.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Schneider died from cancer on 21 April 2020, fourteen days after his 73rd birthday, having suffered from the illness for a short time.


title: Florian Schneider

text: David Bowie titled his ""Heroes"" instrumental track "V-2 Schneider" after Schneider, and was heavily influenced by Kraftwerk's sound during his "Berlin period" in the late 1970s.


title: Florian Schneider

text: Shortly after Schneider's death, the bells of the St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht rang out with the tones of the song "Das Model".


title: Zero 7

text: Zero 7 are an English musical duo consisting of Henry Binns and Sam Hardaker. They began as studio engineers and in 1997 formed the group Zero 7. Their debut album, "Simple Things", was released in 2001 in which their song "Destiny" stayed in the top 100 of the UK Single Charts. Subsequent albums include "When It Falls", "The Garden", and "Yeah Ghost".


title: Zero 7

text: After studying sound engineering, Binns and Hardaker began their careers in the music industry in the 1990s at Mickie Most's RAK recording studio in London, engineering music for British groups like Pet Shop Boys, Young Disciples, and Robert Plant. In 1997 they created a remix of the song "Climbing Up the Walls" by Radiohead (which was also the first time the name 'Zero 7' was used) and Binns received a credit for additional sampling on "Kid A". The pair also remixed Terry Callier's "Love Theme From Spartacus" and songs by Lenny Kravitz, Sneaker Pimps and Lambchop.


title: Zero 7

text: The name Zero 7 was chosen after Binns and Hardaker spent time on the Honduran island Utila, which contained a bar named Cero Siete. After returning to the UK they were asked by Radiohead to remix the song "Climbing Up the Walls". Binns and Hardaker called their mix "the Zero 7 Mix", and the name stuck.


title: Zero 7

text: In 1999, they released an EP of original material called "EP 1", under the name Zero 7. In 2001, they released their debut album, "Simple Things", which featured collaborations with vocalists Mozez, Sia, and Sophie Barker. The album became a gold record, was nominated for the Mercury Music Prize, and won the "Best Newcomer" Muzik Award. Live appearances after the album's release consisted of Binns and Hardaker along with guest vocalists and other musicians, with as many as 20 performers on stage at once.


title: Zero 7

text: In 2004, they released their second album, "When It Falls". In addition to the three vocalists from their first album, it featured a collaboration with Danish singer-songwriter Tina Dico. That same year, Binns co-wrote the Emma Bunton track "Breathing".


title: Zero 7

text: Zero 7 released their third album, "The Garden", in May 2006, which contained vocals performed by Binns as well as guest vocalists Sia and Swedish folk musician José González. The album was named after the collage that artist friend Gideon London produced for its cover.


title: Zero 7

text: In 2007, Binns and Hardaker created a band called Ingrid Eto, which has been described as a Zero 7 instrumental project. In 2009, they released an experimental instrumental EP under the name Kling, titled "Kling EP". Its tracks were later incorporated into Zero 7's fourth album, "Yeah Ghost", also released in 2009. The album included contributions from jazz and soul singer Eska Mtungwazi as well as folk artist Martha Tilston.


title: Zero 7

text: In 2010, the duo released a retrospective compilation titled "Record". A two-disc special edition contained exclusive remixes of songs from all four of their prior studio albums. In 2013, the band released a 12" single, "On My Own" b/w "Don't Call It Love", on their own label, Make Records.


title: Zero 7

text: In 2014, the band released the "Simple Science" EP, followed by "EP3" in 2015. Both were released on Make Records.


title: Zero 7

text: At the end of 2018, Zero 7 released the track "Mono" featuring Hidden. This was followed at the beginning of 2019 by "Aurora", which marked the band's first collaboration with González in over a decade.


title: Zero 7

text: October 2019 further saw the duo release the new single "Swimmers", with additional vocals courtesy of UK based singer Jem Cooke.


title: Zero 7

text: In August 2020, the band released a single, "Shadows", and announced an upcoming EP. In October 2020, the Shadows EP was released, containing 4 tracks by singer-songwriter Lou Stone.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The American television game show "The Price Is Right" has, since its 1972 relaunch, employed a number of models to showcase the prizes and items that are given away on the show. From 1972 to 2007, the group was referred to as "Barker's Beauties", in reference to Bob Barker, who hosted the show during that period.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The original "Price Is Right" also employed models. Usually, two models appeared per episode to model the prizes, much in the same tradition as the later incarnations. As is the case with the Carey era of the current version, the models were not referred to specifically by a nickname.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: June Ferguson and Toni Wallace were the regular models, staying with the program for its entire nine year run. Various other models either assisted Ferguson and Wallace, or appeared during their absences.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Over 25 women have appeared as models on "The Price Is Right" since the program's premiere. For the first three years, there were two models – Janice Pennington and Anitra Ford. Dian Parkinson joined Pennington and Ford permanently in 1975 after previously appearing only periodically.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Ford left the program in 1976 and was later replaced by Holly Hallstrom who joined the cast in 1977. Pennington, Parkinson and Hallstrom appeared as the three main models on both the daytime and syndicated versions of the show from 1977–1993.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: In December 1990, the three were joined by the program's first permanent African American model, Kathleen Bradley. During this period, Kyle Aletter (daughter of Frank Aletter and Lee Meriwether) appeared as the substitute model whenever one of the principal models was unable to appear in a given episode.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Parkinson left the show in 1993 "to pursue other interests" as stated by Barker, although speculation among some felt her departure was due to ongoing difficulties with Pennington. The following year, Parkinson filed a litigation suit claiming that Barker had been sexually harassing her beginning in the 1980s. Parkinson withdrew the suit in 1995.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Parkinson was replaced by several other women (including Cindy Margolis) until Gena Lee Nolin was hired in 1994. Hallstrom was dismissed from the show in 1995 by Barker on the basis of weight gain (due to prescription medication), although Hallstrom alleged that she was dismissed for her refusal to support Barker in his then-ongoing litigation with Parkinson. Barker sued Hallstrom for slander and libel and Hallstrom countersued Barker for wrongful termination and age, weight, and medical discrimination. Eventually, Hallstrom was awarded a multimillion-dollar settlement in 2005.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: After Hallstrom's termination and Nolin's departure that same year, Chantel Dubay was hired as the third model in 1996. Dubay left the show in 1999 and was replaced by Nikki Ziering.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: In 2000, Pennington and Bradley were dismissed from the program in (what was claimed as) an attempt to attract a younger demographic. Their dismissals came after Barker's failed lawsuit against Hallstrom. Both Pennington and Bradley filed for wrongful termination and settled out-of-court for an undisclosed amount.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Pennington and Bradley were replaced by Heather Kozar and Claudia Jordan in 2001. Ziering and Kozar both left the program in 2002. At that time, Jordan became the only "permanent" model and was joined by a rotating cast of additional models.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Jordan's departure came in 2003 after she formally complained about racial discrimination on the set. Jordan filed for wrongful termination and racial discrimination and also received an out-of-court settlement. After Jordan's dismissal, "The Price Is Right" no longer featured the same model or group of models on a daily basis. In addition to several models who are more-or-less a permanent part of the cast, new models appeared every few weeks who sometimes eventually joined the rotation, or other times appeared for a single set of tapings. That procedure was changed in late 2008 as contracts expired.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The show has six permanent models: Rachel Reynolds, Amber Lancaster, Manuela Arbeláez, James O'Halloran, Devin Goda and Alexis Gaube. Each episode features two or three models. Occasionally only one model is present when appearing alongside a guest personality from a program airing, produced, or distributed by CBS, or taped at CBS Television City.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The models are now referred as ""The Price Is Right" models" when making public appearances with Carey. As part of the change, starting in December 2009, the show's models are now listed in the show's full credit roll. Beginning with the 2010–11 season, the models wear microphones so they can be heard when they are talking with Carey or the contestant. On some episodes only two models are featured, with the announcer serving as a third model for games that feature three models.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Starting in 2012, the models assumed additional roles. Their roles expanded on the show's website, including model interviews to participating in their own "reality" web series, "Male Model Search", where they served as judges (in 2012 and 2014). In a 2013 episode, they participated in an episode theme on April Fool's Day in which the models swapped roles with the host and announcer. In 2014, former Miss USA Shanna Moakler was one of the celebrity judges to select a new male model for the show. Other judges included the show's executive producer Mike Richards and the show's first male model Robert Scott Wilson.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The daytime models appeared on the 1970s syndicated nighttime version as well, with a few notable exceptions. Additional models besides Parkinson were also featured on the nighttime show, including Janice's sister Ann Pennington and a black model known only by her first name, Harriet.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: On the 1985 syndicated version, Pennington, Parkinson, and Hallstrom appeared throughout the run. However, on the 1994 syndicated version, an entirely separate cast of models was featured: Julie Lynn Cialini, Ferrari Farris, and Lisa Stahl Sullivan.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Since the premiere of the CBS prime time series in 2002 and beginning with "The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectaculars" in 2003, there are often situations where four to seven models appear on each episode.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Since Drew Carey became host in 2007, celebrities and sports professionals have appeared during specific segments (especially Showcases themed around the subject) on many episodes to promote prizes related to their professions, including Wayne Newton, Lou Ferrigno, Reba McEntire, Jim Nantz, Heidi Newfield, the United States women's national soccer team, Chuck Finley, James Corden, Edwin Aldrin, Jr., Carl Edwards, Kit Hoover, John McCook, Natalie Morales, Jake Paul, Katie Stam, Blake Shelton, Bomshel, and WWE Divas Kelly Kelly and the Bella Twins.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: During season 37, manufacturers of products began offering their representatives to model the equipment, such as athletes signed to play with that brand's equipment or who represent a specific sports manufacturer, musicians under contract with the instrument's manufacturer or corporate representatives of another product or service. They have mostly appeared during One Bids but also during the Showcase. Carey will introduce the individual modeling the prize and their affiliation to the manufacturer or prize provider.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: In both 2009 and 2010, Kathy Kinney appeared on the April Fool's Day episodes, reprising her role as Mimi Bobeck from "The Drew Carey Show". In 2009, she appeared as a model, and in 2010, she acted as the executive producer, with the show's models trading places with three male staffers.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Occasionally, there is a crossover with other shows airing on, owned or distributed by CBS featuring actors of those shows modeling prizes. These crossovers have included "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson", "The Amazing Race", "Let's Make a Deal", "The Bold and the Beautiful", and "The Young and the Restless". Tiffany Coyne (from "Let's Make a Deal") filled in as the fifth model on some episodes which aired in March 2011. Daniel Goddard (Cane Ashby from "The Young and the Restless") frequently crosses over as a guest model, especially when a Showcase skit necessitates, and when needed, for "masculine" prizes (motorcycles, trucks, "et al."). Goddard's use as a crossover model resulted in the show standardizing the use of a male model.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: In season 40 (2010), show model Rachel Reynolds and husband David Dellucci, a former Major League Baseball player, modeled wedding formal wear.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The Mother's Day 2012 episode (May 11, 2012) featured special guests fitting with the theme. Florence Henderson and personal trainer Johannes Brugger (the show's first non-crossover or product-placement male guest model) appeared together. Also, the father and son combination of TNT NBA analyst Kenny Smith (a crossover with the CBS/Turner NCAA March Madness) and Malloy, the husband and son of show model Gwendolyn Osborne, appeared. And, as with Reynolds, they announced Gwendolyn's pregnancy.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: During selected spring 2014 episodes, ballroom dancer Cheryl Burke, Carey's partner in season 18 of "Dancing with the Stars", appeared on episodes and modeled prizes.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: The announcer models prizes such as men's watches, suits, and other accessories, a practice that began with original announcer Johnny Olson and has continued with his three successors (Rod Roddy, Rich Fields, and George Gray). The announcer also appeared in Showcase skits, sometimes modeling the prizes or playing a character in a story line. Starting in 2010, on episodes where two models appear in games typically featuring three models, the announcer will assume the third model's role and often is paired with another model when describing prizes. With a video screen added to the announcer's podium in 2011 tapings, a prize (or graphics for trips) may be displayed on the announcer's podium, and some prizes (such as a laptop computer) may be modeled by the announcer from his podium.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: In addition to the litigation suits, several other staff members have filed lawsuits against Barker and the program, alleging sexual harassment and wrongful termination. After Parkinson brought forth sexual harassment allegations against Barker, he called a press conference to admit a past consensual sexual relationship with her.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: When asked in a "USA Today" interview about the four most famous Beauties (Bradley, Hallstrom, Parkinson, and Pennington), Barker replied, "They've been such a problem. I don't want to say anything about them. They're disgusting; I don't want to mention them." Barker gave praise to the rotating models featured during his last years as host of the program, calling them "the best models we've ever had".


title: The Price Is Right models

text: All lawsuits, except for Hallstrom's, were settled out of court. Barker himself dropped his slander suit against Hallstrom, who countersued and received millions in settlement.


title: The Price Is Right models

text: Two other Barker-era models who were added in the 2000s and went through the host transition have also filed lawsuits, with lawsuits targeting Executive Producer Mike Richards and producer Adam Sandler (not to be confused with the film star) for inappropriate behavior on the set. Brandi Sherwood won her lawsuit against the show in November 2012, which pertained to the show terminating her while on maternity leave, and was awarded over $8,000,000 in damages, both punitive and personal.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The quadratus lumborum muscle, informally called the "QL", is a paired muscle of the left and right posterior abdominal wall. It is the deepest abdominal muscle, and commonly referred to as a back muscle. Each is irregular and quadrilateral in shape.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The quadratus lumborum muscles originate from the wings of the ilium; their insertions are on the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae plus the lower posterior border of the twelfth rib. Contraction of one of the pair of muscles causes "lateral flexion" of the lumbar spine, "elevation" of the pelvis, or both. Contraction of both causes "extension" of the lumbar spine.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: A disorder of the quadratus lumborum muscles is pain due to muscle fatigue from constant contraction due to prolonged sitting, such as at a computer or in a car. Kyphosis and weak gluteal muscles can also contribute to the likelihood of quadratus lumborum pain.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The quadratus lumborum muscle originates by aponeurotic fibers into the iliolumbar ligament and the internal lip of the iliac crest for about . It inserts from the lower border of the last rib for about half its length and by four small tendons from the apices of the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The number of attachments to the vertebræ, and the extent of its attachment to the last rib, may vary. Also, occasionally, a second portion of this muscle is found in front of the preceding. It arises from the upper borders of the transverse processes of the lower three or four lumbar vertebræ, and is inserted into the lower margin of the last rib.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: Anterior to the quadratus lumborum are the colon, the kidney, the psoas major muscle, (if present) the psoas minor muscle, and the diaphragm; between the fascia and the muscle are the twelfth thoracic, ilioinguinal, and iliohypogastric nerves. The quadratus lumborum muscle is a continuation of transverse abdominal muscle.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The quadratus lumborum muscles can be the source of back pain when overused, or in association with scoliosis or weak gluteal muscles.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: The quadratus lumborum is a common source of unilateral or bilateral lower back pain, including localized pain and tenderness over the wing of the ilium. Because quadratus lumborum connects the pelvis to the spine and is therefore capable of extending the lower back when contracting bilaterally, the two quadratus lumborum muscles pick up the slack, as it were, when the lower fibers of the erector spinae are weak or inhibited (as they often are in the case of habitual seated computer use and/or the use of a lower back support in a chair). Given their comparable mechanical disadvantage, constant contraction while seated can overuse the quadratus lumborum, resulting in muscle fatigue. A constantly contracted quadratus lumborum, like any other muscle, will experience decreased blood flow, and, in time, adhesions in the muscle and fascia may develop, the end point of which is muscle spasm.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: This chain of events can be and often is accelerated by kyphosis, which is invariably accompanied by rounded shoulders, both of which place greater stress on the quadratus lumborum by shifting body weight forward, forcing the erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, multifidi, and especially the levator scapulae to work harder in both seated and standing positions to maintain an erect torso and neck. The experience of "productive pain" or pleasure by a patient upon palpation of the quadratus lumborum is indicative of such a condition.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: Hip abduction is performed primarily by the hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus). When the gluteus medius/minimus are weak or inhibited, the tensor fasciae latae or quadratus lumborum will compensate by becoming the prime mover. The most impaired movement pattern of hip abduction is when the quadratus lumborum initiates the movement, which results in hip hiking during swing phase of gait. Hip hiking places excessive side-bending compressive stresses on the lumbar segments. Thus, a tight quadratus lumborum may be another hidden cause of low back pain (Janda 1987).


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: When the hip adductors are tight or hypertonic, their antagonist (gluteus medius) may experience reciprocal inhibition. The gluteus medius will become weak and inhibited. This in turn may cause hypertonicity of ipsilateral quadratus lumborum. Chronic hypertonicity of quadratus lumborum tends to cause low back pain due to its ability to create compressive stress on lumbar segment.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: While stretching and strengthening the quadratus lumborum are indicated for unilateral lower back pain, heat or ice applications as well as massage should be considered as part of any comprehensive rehabilitation regimen.


title: Quadratus lumborum muscle

text: Current studies show that application of heat or ice, massage, and estim will not leave long-term benefits. Careful assessment of muscular imbalances and movement impairments by a therapist is recommended in order to address the underlying issues mentioned.


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: Jill Marie Jones (born January 4, 1975) is an American actress and former professional dancer and cheerleader. Jones is best known for her role as Antoinette "Toni" Childs-Garrett on the UPN comedy series, "Girlfriends" (2000–2006). Jones has appeared in a number of films, and had the recurring role as Cynthia Irving on the Fox supernatural series, "Sleepy Hollow". From 2015 to 2016, she starred as Amanda Fisher in the Starz horror-comedy series, "Ash vs Evil Dead".


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: Jones was born in Dallas, Texas. After attending Duncanville High School, and Texas Woman's University, Jones was a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader for two years, a Dallas Mavericks Dancer for one year, and toured with the United Service Organization (USO) and United States Department of Defense to Korea, Japan, Israel, and Egypt. She has also performed on "Monday Night Football" and "The Miss Texas Pageant." She started her career as model, before moving to Los Angeles to pursue acting full-time.


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: Jones made her screen debut in 2000, on the Saturday morning series "City Guys". Later that year, she won the co-leading role alongside Tracee Ellis Ross, Golden Brooks and Persia White on the UPN comedy series, "Girlfriends" which was created by Mara Brock Akil. She played the role of self-centered and materialistic Toni Childs for six seasons of the series. In May 2006, it was confirmed that Jones left "Girlfriends" because her contract ended. When asked in a 2007 interview whether she felt the character of Toni Childs had run its course, Jones responded: "No, I think if Toni came back and when I say no, I say it because there are brilliant writers on ‘Girlfriends’. There is so much more that you can do. For me and my career, my contract was up after six seasons and there's a whole film world that I wanted to experience and that's what I’ve been doing. I think if Toni came back to the show, there would be so much more to write and much more to bring. That's a testament to how great Mara and the rest of the writers are".


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: After leaving "Girlfriends", Jones began starring in films. She had the female leading roles in comedy films "Universal Remote" and "Redrum" (both 2007), and appeared in "The Perfect Holiday", opposite Queen Latifah and Terrence Howard as well as Morris Chestnut, Rachel True, and Gabrielle Union. In August 2007, Jones filmed "" with Jessica Simpson. In September 2008, she appeared in the Ne-Yo video for "She Got Her Own" which is a remix to his hit single "Miss Independent". She next appeared in the 2010 music video "Got Your Back" starring T.I. ft. Keri Hilson. Jones also co-starred alongside Laura Harring in the 2009 independent film "Drool".


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: In 2010, Jones had the leading role in the TBS micro-series, "Gillian in Georgia". In 2013, she appeared on the second season of FX series, "American Horror Story" in the episode "Spilt Milk" as a call girl named Pandora. Later that year, Jones was cast in the recurring role as Cynthia Irving in the Fox supernatural drama series, "Sleepy Hollow". In February 2015, Starz announced that Jones was cast in the leading role as Michigan State Trooper Amanda Fisher in the comedy horror series "Ash vs Evil Dead". In 2018, Jones began starring and producing Urban Movie Channel drama series, "Monogamy". In 2019, she reunites with her "Girlfriends" co-stars Tracee Ellis Ross, Golden Brooks and Persia White in an episode of ABC comedy series "Black-ish".


title: Jill Marie Jones

text: In 2020, Jones was cast in the Oprah Winfrey Network legal drama series "Delilah" created by Craig Wright.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule () is a 2007 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Selvaraghavan (credited as Sri Raghava). The film stars Venkatesh and Trisha while Sriram and Kota Srinivasa Rao play supporting roles. The music composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The film's title is based on a song from "Missamma" (1955), which is partially featured in this film.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: The film is released theatrically on 27 April 2007, and became a critical and commercial success. It won three Nandi Awards and one Filmfare Award. Following its success, the film was remade in Tamil as "Yaaradi Nee Mohini" (Starring Dhanush, Selvaraghavan's brother), in Bengali as "100% Love", in Bhojpuri as "Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna", in Kannada as "Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu" and in Odia as "Prema Adhei Akshyara".


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: Ganesh is from a middle-class family. He makes several bids to obtain employment but all in vain due to his poor language skills and inadequate educational qualifications. All his friends settle in life, but he continues to struggle in finding employment. Ganesh has two best friends, Vasu and Seenu. His father is a teacher and is always critical of him for being an irresponsible person, only adding to his already long list of woes.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: At this juncture, Ganesh catches a glimpse of Keerthi and immediately falls in love with her. He learns that she works for a software solutions firm. Luckily, Ganesh eventually secures employment in the same firm. Keerthi, however, turns out to be a short-tempered young woman. On a business trip, Ganesh accompanies her along with other colleagues to Australia. There he reveals his feelings of love to her. She immediately turns him down, saying that she comes from an orthodox family, and her marriage has already been arranged with her cousin.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: Ganesh returns to India in a depressed manner. Unable to see his son in depression, Ganesh's father tries to convince her. But, she insults him for recommending his son's love and accidentally slaps both Ganesh and his father. Later that night, Ganesh's father dies of a heart attack. Ganesh again goes into depression. To ease Ganesh's mood, Vasu persuades him to come along to his family's house in the countryside. Coincidentally, on the train journey, Keerthi is revealed to be Vasu's fiancée. Their grandfather's intention of getting them married earlier is put aside because Vasu and Keerthi leave the house to make their own identity. This causes heartache to their grandfather.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: With the passing of a few days, the parents of Keerthi and Vasu decide to get them married to appease their grandfather. After several turns of events, Keerthi realizes that she is in love with Ganesh. Ganesh asks her to forget him, during a late-night meeting, because he believes that it would create problems in their happy family. Keerthi's grandfather notices them conversing and admonishes Keerthi for bringing disrepute to their family and asks Ganesh to leave his village. Ganesh gets ready to leave when he sees everyone putting up decorations for the wedding. Vasu furiously asks him to get out but Ganesh responds that they have misunderstood Keerthi all along. While Ganesh is on his way, the bunch of goons he saved the family from, stab him in the stomach and he is hospitalized.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: However, Vasu and Keerthi's wedding is taking place that morning. Upon knowing Ganesh's condition, Seenu asks Vasu to come and help. Though initially reluctant, Vasu abandons his wedding to help Ganesh. Everyone else slowly leaves for the hospital, except Keerthi and her grandfather. Keerthi says that she would never disobey her grandfather. Afterward, her grandfather takes Keerthi to the hospital. While Ganesh recovers and wakes up to leave, he sees that everyone in the family is outside his room, including Keerthi and her grandfather.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: In time, Keerthi's family comes to stay with Ganesh for a few days. The film ends when Ganesh and Keerthi become a couple and live together.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: Selvaraghavan (under the name of Sri Raghava) directed his maiden Telugu venture which he had committed to make since 2003 with Venkatesh in the leading role. He wrote the script, taking experiences from life experiences of friends who were unemployed graduates, like the film's main character. Jyothika was considered as a lead opposite Venkatesh but she opted out of the contract due to her wedding arrangements. She was later replaced by Trisha.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: The music was composed by director Sri Raghava's friend and "frequent" composer Yuvan Shankar Raja, teaming up again after producing successful Tamil albums such as "Kaadhal Kondein" (2003), "7G Rainbow Colony" (2004) and "Pudhupettai" (2006). This film remains their last collaboration (even though later they rejoined in 2021 for the film "Nenjam Marappathillai") before they split up, before "NGK" (2019) and Sri Raghava decided to work with another composer. The soundtrack was released on 28 March 2007 at Rama Naidu studios. It features 6 tracks overall with lyrics by Kulasekhar, Kandi Konda, Sirivennela Sitaramasastri and Chandrabose. Four of the songs were later reused in the Kannada remake of the film, "Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu".


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: Upon the film's release, the music received positive reviews, being praised as "extraordinary", winning composer Yuvan Shankar Raja much accolades and a nomination at the 2008 Filmfare Awards South for Best Music in Telugu.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: The film is released on 27 April 2007. The film was released on 272 screens, including 15 in Karnataka, 8 in Orissa and 21 overseas.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: A critic from "Rediff" called the film "a good entertainer". The film collected 30 crore at the box office. It completed a 50-day run in 200 centres and a 100-day run in 21 centres.


title: Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule

text: "Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule" was remade in Tamil as "Yaaradi Nee Mohini" (2008), in Kannada as "Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu" (2008), in Odia as "Prema Adhei Akhyara" (2010), in Bengali as "100% Love" (2012), and in Bhojpuri as "Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna" (2017).


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Since 2004, the "Global Competitiveness Report" ranks countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi. Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's "Growth Development Index" and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's" Business Competitiveness Index". The "Global Competitiveness Index" integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens". This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity."


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: Since 2004, the report ranks the world's nations according to the "Global Competitiveness Index", based on the latest theoretical and empirical research. It is made up of over 110 variables, of which two thirds come from the Executive Opinion Survey, and one third comes from publicly available sources such as the United Nations. The variables are organized into twelve pillars, with each pillar representing an area considered as an important determinant of competitiveness.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: One part of the report is the Executive Opinion Survey, which is a survey of a representative sample of business leaders in their respective countries. Respondent numbers have increased every year and is currently just over 13,500 in 142 countries (2010).


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: The report notes that as a nation develops, wages tend to increase, and that in order to sustain this higher income, labor productivity must improve for the nation to be competitive. In addition, what creates productivity in Sweden is necessarily different from what drives it in Ghana. Thus, the GCI separates countries into three specific stages: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven, each implying a growing degree of complexity in the operation of the economy.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: In the factor-driven stage countries compete based on their factor endowments, primarily unskilled labor and natural resources. Companies compete on the basis of prices and sell basic products or commodities, with their low productivity reflected in low wages. To maintain competitiveness at this stage of development, competitiveness hinges mainly on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), appropriate infrastructure (pillar 2), a stable macroeconomic framework (pillar 3), and good health and primary education (pillar 4).


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: As wages rise with advancing development, countries move into the efficiency-driven stage of development, when they must begin to develop more efficient production processes and increase product quality. At this point, competitiveness becomes increasingly driven by higher education and training (pillar 5), efficient goods markets (pillar 6), efficient labor markets (pillar 7), developed financial markets (pillar 8), the ability to harness the benefits of existing technologies (pillar 9), and its market size, both domestic and international (pillar 10).


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: Finally, as countries move into the innovation-driven stage, they are only able to sustain higher wages and a higher standard of living if their businesses are able to compete by providing new or unique products. At this stage, companies must compete by producing new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes (pillar 11) and through innovation (pillar 12).


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: Thus, the impact of each pillar on competitiveness varies across countries, in function of their stages of economic development. Therefore, in the calculation of the GCI, pillars are given different weights depending on the per capita income of the nation. The weights used are the values that best explain growth in recent years For example, the sophistication and innovation factors contribute 10% to the final score in factor and efficiency-driven economies, but 30% in innovation-driven economies. Intermediate values are used for economies in transition between stages.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: The Global Competitiveness Index's annual reports are somewhat similar to the Ease of Doing Business Index and the Indices of Economic Freedom, which also look at factors affecting economic growth (but not as many as the "Global Competitiveness Report"). Data from the Global Competitiveness Index relating to the strength of auditing and reporting standards, institutions and judicial independence is used in the Basel AML Index, a money laundering risk assessment tool developed by the Basel Institute on Governance.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: In spite of the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report which is increasingly identifying environmental pressures as the dominant risks to humanity, none of the indicators used to determine this report's competitiveness ranking reflect any of the countries' environmental dimensions such as energy, water, climate risks, resource or food security, etc. The Global Competitiveness Report 2018 and 2019 used the ecological footprint as a context indicator, but the footprint was not included in the scoring algorithm that determines the ranking.


title: Global Competitiveness Report

text: You can find the computation and structure of the GCI pp. 49–50 of the Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014, Full Data Edition.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" (stylized as "SHUT UP + DANCE") is a song by American pop rock band Walk the Moon from their third studio album "Talking Is Hard" (2014). It was written by the band members and songwriters Ben Berger and Ryan McMahon. The song is based on an experience lead singer Nicholas Petricca had at a Los Angeles nightclub. His girlfriend invited him to dance, inspiring the title. Petricca envisioned the song as an anthem for letting go of frustration and having fun. The song was digitally released as the lead single from "Talking Is Hard" on September 10, 2014.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The song became the band's biggest hit single to date, peaking at number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and becoming a number-one hit on the magazine's Alternative Songs chart and the Hot Adult Contemporary chart. Outside of the United States, "Shut Up and Dance" topped the charts in Poland, peaked within the top ten of the charts in Australia, Canada, Germany, Israel, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom, the top 20 of the charts in New Zealand and Sweden, and the top 30 of the charts in the Netherlands. The band has performed "Shut Up and Dance" on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", "Late Night with Seth Meyers", "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" and "Good Morning America".


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The song originated between vocalist Nicholas Petricca and guitarist Eli Maiman, who first developed the verse and found something infectious about it. The following weekend, Petricca went to a party named Funky Soul Saturday at The Echo in Echo Park, Los Angeles, while feeling frustrated with the writing process. Petricca recalled, "We were at the bar, and it was taking forever to get a drink. I was frustrated because there was great music playing and I wanted to be out there." His girlfriend, in "a backless dress and beat up red Chucks", abruptly invited him to dance with her, inspiring the song's title. Petricca later went home to work on the song and incorporated his experiences into the song's lyrics. After creating the song's main refrain, he began picturing himself in high school: an "incredibly uncomfortable, awkward adolescent dude"; he imagined the song as an "anthem for the dork who is 100 percent me". In an interview with "American Songwriter", he summarized the song's theme as: "Encouraging people to let go of whatever it is that’s bothering you and get into your body and out of your head."


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: In terms of the song's music, Petricca highlighted three songs that were instrumental in its creation: "Just What I Needed" (1978) by The Cars, "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" (1980) by Pat Benatar, and "Jessie's Girl" (1981) by Rick Springfield, which he deemed "simple and beautiful and in-your-face rock songs" that captured the sound the band desired. The song is inspired by the music of the 1980s, which the group felt was a time in which "weird" was celebrated, in both music and fashion.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" premiered on the radio station 101 WKQX in Chicago on June 22, 2014. It was released digitally as the lead single from "Talking Is Hard" on September 10, 2014. On November 11, 2014, the song was made available in the United States as a free single on iTunes.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" is a pop rock, power pop, synth rock, and alternative rock song that is driven by synthesizer and dance grooves. It incorporates production that is reminiscent of the 1980s, with gated ambience added to the drums, sheeny synth pads, reversed snare 'whooshes', and stadium-sized reverb and delay effects. Steve Baltin and Shirley Halperin of "Billboard" called the song a "new-wave throwback", while "Rolling Stone"s Brittany Spanos referred to it as "a Killers-style update on Eighties pop hits" such as "And We Danced" (1985) by the Hooters. Mike Wass of "Idolator" saw the song as "tapping into a '80s rock sound" similar to the band Bleachers.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The song is composed in common time and written in the key of D♭ major with a fast tempo of 128 beats per minute. Ryan Reed of "Billboard" described Petricca's vocal performance as "flaunt[ing] his emotive yelp" over the track. The song makes use of jangling guitars, thunderous pounds, and retro synths that play over a grumbling disco bass. It additionally includes an open and closed hi-hat pattern, handclaps, and a synth solo. The intro is constructed by two guitar parts, with the first one "playing the arpeggio of the main riff", while the other "play[s] 16th notes on muted strings". According to Maiman, the combination of the two guitars resulted in a helicopter' sound", which "is thickened with a dotted eighth note delay set". The main riff itself, also processed with digital delay, was seen as having been influenced by the Edge of U2.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" is largely based on Petricca's experience that night at The Echo, containing specific lyrical references that refer back to it. The song finds the singer taking to the dance floor with a female friend who wears "[a] backless dress and some beat up sneaks", referring to her as his "discotheque, Juliet teenage dream". The chorus, consisting of two "shut up and dance with me" hook-lines, is accentuated by kick drum hits and accompanied by gang vocals. Jeff Miers of "The Buffalo News" said that the lyrics "boast the sort of everyman relatability that is required of a pop hit".


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: Upon the song's release, Mike Wass of "Idolator" said "Shut Up and Dance" is "pretty irresistible" with its "monstrous chorus and a plethora of hooks". "Billboard"s Ryan Reed gave the song a four and a half stars out of five, mentioning how Petricca's vocal runs are "catchier than most bands' choruses". "AbsolutePunk"s Anthony Sorendino wrote that the track is not "a cookie cutter chorus rigged to a cheap set of verses" and that the chord progression is what sells it. AllMusic's James Christopher Monger described the song as a "pulsing, closing credits-ready anthem that oozes upbeat millennial enthusiasm" while having "just enough angst to evoke a Breakfast Club post-lunch therapy session". Mitchell Bozzetto of "Renowned for Sound" felt it is one of the better tracks off "Talking Is Hard", saying "its catchy chorus and overall refreshing atmosphere is quite enjoyable".


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The staff of "Alternative Addiction" picked "Shut Up and Dance" as the top song of 2014, writing that "there isn't a song that's been as catchy or as good released in a long time". Chris DeVille of "Stereogum" placed it at number 43 on his "50 Best Pop Songs of 2015" list, saying the song is "proof positive" that one does not "have to innovate or [be] trendy to score a hit, [they] just have to "write" a hit". "Consequence of Sound" ranked it as the 235th best number one "Billboard" alternative rock hit in 2017. Killian Young, writing for the publication, viewed the song as "[i]nsipid pop", but complimented its catchiness and called the chorus "crowd-pleasing".


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The song is considered by "Billboard" to be heavily influenced by The Edge of U2 and "Vulture" describes how the opening riff resembles U2's ""Where the Streets Have No Name"".


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" began topping streaming service Spotify's viral top 50 chart in November 2014. The song peaked at number one on "Billboard"s Alternative Songs chart (it is the band's second top-ten hit on the chart after "Anna Sun") in the issue dated February 18, 2015, where it made RCA Records only the second label to receive three consecutive number-one hits on the chart (and first in two decades). It also concurrently hit number one on the Rock Airplay chart. The song debuted on the all-genre Hot 100 on November 22, 2014, at position 98, where it stayed there for two weeks before leaving the chart. It re-entered the charts the following week at number 88. It eventually peaked at number 4 on the chart in the "Billboard" issue of May 30, 2015, becoming Walk the Moon's first top-ten single in the United States. As of January 21, 2016, it has sold 3,231,080 copies domestically. The song broke the record for the longest reign atop "Billboard" Hot Rock Songs chart at 27 consecutive weeks, now held by Panic! at the Disco's "High Hopes". "Shut Up and Dance" also entered the Canadian Hot 100 at position 99 for the week ending February 28, 2015. The song peaked at number four and remained in that position for seven consecutive weeks from May 30, 2015, to July 11, 2015. As of August 11, 2015, "Shut Up and Dance" has been certified triple platinum by Music Canada and has sold over 321,000 copies.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Shut Up and Dance" made its first chart appearance internationally in the Netherlands on the Singles Top 100 chart at number sixty-five. The song peaked at number 28 on January 7, 2015, and remained there for two non-consecutive weeks. "Shut Up and Dance" proved to be a bigger success in Sweden, entering at position 58 on the Swedish Singles Chart on January 16, 2015. The song reached number 24 on February 27, 2015, before beginning to descend down the chart for the next few weeks. The song began to gain in performance again and entered the top 20 at number 18 on April 27, 2015. "Shut Up and Dance" peaked at number 12 on May 8, 2015, a position it held for two non-consecutive weeks, and has been certified quadruple platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry of Sweden as of September 23, 2015.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: In Ireland, "Shut Up and Dance" debuted at number 91 on the Irish Singles Chart. On July 24, 2015, the song peaked at number two and stayed there for four non-consecutive weeks. In Poland, the song reached number one on the Polish Airplay Chart for one week on August 7, 2015. According to the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry, "Shut Up and Dance" was the most played song in Poland.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: In Australia, "Shut Up and Dance" made its first appearance on the Australian Hitseekers chart at number eight on March 30, 2015. The song made its official debut on the Australian Singles Chart a week later at number 58 on April 6, 2015. On its second week, "Shut Up and Dance" rose to number 41 on April 13, 2015. On April 20, 2015, the song entered the top 20, moving up 24 positions to number 17. "Shut Up and Dance" leaped 12 positions to number five on April 27, 2015, its highest charted position in any region at the time. On May 11, 2015, the song peaked at number three for two consecutive weeks. The song dropped to number 11 on August 3, 2015, after spending three months within the top 10. As of August 22, 2015, "Shut Up and Dance" has been certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of over 210,000 copies.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: In the United Kingdom, the single debuted at number seventy-five on the UK Singles Chart for the week ending June 13, 2015. The following week, it flew 67 places to number eight. The next week, it climbed three places to number five. On its fourth week on the chart, it climbed to number four, where it peaked and remained for two weeks. It spent thirteen weeks in the top ten of the UK Singles Chart, which were all consecutive. It fell out of the top ten on the week ending September 17, 2015, having spent just under three months in the top ten. It re-entered the top 40 at number twenty seven for the week ending January 7, 2016. It fell to number thirty one the following week, before dropping out again. It has re-entered on four different occasions since, spending 72 total weeks in the top 100.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The music video for "Shut Up and Dance", directed by Josh Forbes and co-directed by the band members, was shot in Los Angeles in September 2014. It first premiered on the internet radio network 8tracks on October 22, 2014, before it went live on Walk the Moon's Vevo account a day later. Petricca described the video as "a trippy story of dork victory" that was "[i]nfluenced by the plot- driven music videos of the 80s and nerdy visuals of 90s television". In an interview with Mashable, he said that the band intended for it "to be kooky, but also stylish [with] a story you could follow" like the video for Michael Jackson's "Beat It" (1983).


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The clip features graphics similar to those used in the opening of "Saved by the Bell" (1989–93) that take over the screen. Vulture's Lauretta Charlton wrote that the video's plot "is a retelling of th[e] events" at The Echo, with the exception of "look[ing] like it was filmed in a laser-tag arena instead of a nightclub". Lauren Taft stars alongside Petricca as the "woman of his dreams" that he meets on the dance floor, mouthing the lyrics to the song as they dance together. There are several cameos like Russell Wilson.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: "Idolator"s Mike Wass called it a "hilarious visual" where "things get really weird thanks to a serious case of dance floor concussion". "Stereogum"s Chris DeVille said the video is "an excellent sendup" that pointedly embraces its '80s influences as "a knowing pastiche of side ponytails, neon, and references to early MTV". MTV's Gil Kaufman remarked that the video is "so retro it might give Simon LeBon whiplash". It received a nomination at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Rock Video, but lost to Fall Out Boy's "Uma Thurman" (2015).


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: Walk the Moon played "Shut Up and Dance" live for the first time at Saint Louis University. The song received its first televised appearance on September 15, 2014, on "Late Night with Seth Meyers". Starting in October, the band went on a North American tour to promote the song called the Shut Up and Tour (2014). Upon the release of "Talking Is Hard", the band played the song along with "Anna Sun" on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" on December 2, 2014. It was later included on the setlist of their Talking Is Hard Tour the following year in support of the album. On February 19, 2015, the band performed it on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". In March of that year, Walk the Moon performed the song on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show". The band performed the song on "The Today Show" on April 15, 2015. They performed it on "Good Morning America" on July 10, 2015, in New York's Central Park. Since the band hails from Cincinnati, "Shut Up and Dance" and "Different Colors" was performed in front of a hometown audience at the 2015 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby at Great American Ball Park prior to the start of the exhibition contest on July 13, 2015. The band made a guest appearance at Taylor Swift's 1989 World Tour, performing the song together on July 24 in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Walk the Moon performed the song at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards pre-show on August 30, 2015, where the band played on a circular, multicolored stage prior to the show's start. On December 31, 2015, the band performed the song on Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve in Times Square. On February 13, 2016, the band performed "Shut Up and Dance" and "Work This Body" at the 2016 NBA All-Star Game in Toronto, Canada.


title: Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)

text: The song is featured in the 2018 American Broadway musical, "Moulin Rouge!", mashed up with Pink's "Raise Your Glass". Kelly Clarkson sang a gender-flip version of this song on her television variety talk show "The Kelly Clarkson Show".


title: Oblique Strategies

text: Oblique Strategies (subtitled Over One Hundred Worthwhile Dilemmas) is a card-based method for promoting creativity jointly created by musician/artist Brian Eno and multimedia artist Peter Schmidt, first published in 1975. Physically, it takes the form of a deck of printed cards in a black box. Each card offers a challenging constraint intended to help artists (particularly musicians) break creative blocks by encouraging lateral thinking.


title: Oblique Strategies

text: In 1970, Peter Schmidt created "The Thoughts Behind the Thoughts", a box containing 55 sentences letterpress printed onto disused prints that accumulated in his studio, which is still in Eno's possession. Eno, who had known Schmidt since the late 1960s, had been pursuing a similar project himself, which he had handwritten onto a number of bamboo cards and given the name "Oblique Strategies" in 1974. There was a significant overlap between the two projects, and so, in late 1974, Schmidt and Eno combined them into a single pack of cards and offered them for general sale. The set went through three limited edition printings before Schmidt suddenly died in early 1980, after which the card decks became rather rare and expensive. Sixteen years later software pioneer Peter Norton convinced Eno to let him create a fourth edition as Christmas gifts for his friends (not for sale, although they occasionally come up at auction). Eno's decision to revisit the cards and his collaboration with Norton in revising them is described in detail in his 1996 book "A Year with Swollen Appendices". With public interest in the cards undiminished, in 2001 Eno once again produced a new set of Oblique Strategies cards. The number and content of the cards vary according to the edition. In May 2013 a limited edition of 500 boxes, in burgundy rather than black, was issued.


title: Oblique Strategies

text: The story of Oblique Strategies, along with the content of all the cards, exhaustive history and commentary, is documented in a website widely acknowledged as the authoritative source and put together by musician and educator Gregory Alan Taylor.


title: Oblique Strategies

text: Each card contains a gnomic suggestion, aphorism or remark which can be used to break a deadlock or dilemma situation. A few are specific to music composition; others are more general. For example:


title: Oblique Strategies

text: References to Oblique Strategies exist in popular culture, notably in the film "Slacker", in which a character offers passers-by cards from a deck. Strategies mentioned include "Honor thy error as a hidden intention", "Look closely at the most embarrassing details and amplify", "Not building a wall; making a brick", "Repetition is a form of change", and one which came to be seen as a summary of the film's ethos (though it was not part of the official set of Oblique Strategies), "Withdrawing in disgust is not the same thing as apathy." This line was quoted in the 1994 song "What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" by R.E.M., who also mentioned Oblique Strategies in their 1998 song "Diminished" from the album "Up". The Oblique Strategies are also referenced in comic 1018, "Oblique Angles", of popular web comic "Questionable Content".


title: Oblique Strategies

text: Other musicians inspired by Oblique Strategies include the British band Coldplay, said to have used the cards when recording their 2008 Brian Eno-produced album "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends" and French band Phoenix, who used the cards when recording their 2009 album "Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix". German musician/composer Blixa Bargeld has a similar navigation system, called Dave. In response to their song "Brian Eno", from their album "Congratulations", MGMT has said they had a deck of Oblique Strategies in the studio, but they "don't know if [they] used them correctly." The band Bauhaus have used the cards for the composition of their songs.


title: Oblique Strategies

text: They were most famously used by Eno during the recording of David Bowie's Berlin triptych of albums ("Low, "Heroes", Lodger"). Stories suggest they were used during the recording of instrumentals on ""Heroes"" such as "Sense of Doubt" and were used more extensively on "Lodger" ("Fantastic Voyage", "Boys Keep Swinging", "Red Money"). They were used again on Bowie's 1995 album "Outside", which Eno was involved with as a writer, producer and musician. Carlos Alomar, who worked with Eno and Bowie on all these albums, was a fan of using the cards, later saying "at the Center for Performing Arts at the Stevens Institute of Technology, where I teach, on the wall are Brian Eno’s Oblique Strategies cards. And when my students get a mental block, I immediately direct them to that wall."


title: Oblique Strategies

text: The Oblique Strategies cards deck is featured in Italian comics artist Igort's work "Japanese Notebooks: A Journey to the Empire of Signs" (Chronicle Books, 2017; original Italian edition: "Quaderni giapponesi. Un viaggio nell'impero dei segni", Cononino Press, 2015).