title: Competitive eating

text: For a marquee event like the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, some eaters, like current contest champion Joey Chestnut, will begin training several months before the event with personal time trials using the contest food. Retired competitive eater Ed "Cookie" Jarvis trained by consuming entire heads of boiled cabbage followed by drinking up to two gallons of water every day for two weeks before a contest. Due to the risks involved with training alone or without emergency medical supervision, the IFOCE actively discourages training of any sort.


title: Competitive eating

text: All Pro Eating Competitive Eaters include Molly Schuyler, Eric "Silo" Dahl, Jamie "The Bear" McDonald and Stephanie "Xanadu" Torres (deceased).


title: Competitive eating

text: The International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) hosts nearly 50 "Major League Eating" events across North America every year.


title: Competitive eating

text: Other eating contests sponsored by restaurants can involve a challenge to eat large or extraordinarily spicy food items, including giant steaks, hamburgers and curries in a set amount of time. Those who finish the item are often rewarded by getting the item for free, a T-shirt and the addition of their name and/or photo on a wall of challenge victors. For example, Ward's House of Prime located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, has a prime rib meat challenge. The current record is 360 ounces by Molly Schuyler in June 2017. Various challenges of this type are featured in the Travel Channel show "Man v. Food".


title: Competitive eating

text: One criticism of competitive eating is the message that the gluttonous sport sends as obesity levels rise among Americans, and the example it sets for youth. In China, eating contests have been criticized for their promotion of food waste and "celebration of gluttony" in a time of rising of childhood obesity; China passed a law in 2021 which banned competitive eating competitions and "mukbang" binge-eating videos in an effort to combat food waste, with offenders facing fines of up to 100,000 Yuan.


title: Competitive eating

text: Psychiatrist and eating disorder specialist Kim Dennis has stated that "somebody eating 70 hot dogs in 10 minutes is self-abuse to some extent" and warned that competitive eating carries "risks with regards to development of an eating disorder for people who had any sort of genetic predisposition to have one". Competitive eater Patrick Bertoletti has compared competitive eating itself to an eating disorder, stating "It's like controlled bulimia. It's bulimia where you get paid for it. It's me trading on an eating disorder for money."


title: Competitive eating

text: Negative health effects of competitive eating include delayed stomach emptying, aspiration pneumonia, perforation of the stomach, Boerhaave syndrome, and obesity.


title: Competitive eating

text: Other medical professionals contend that binge eating can cause stomach perforations in those with ulcers and gulping large quantities of water during training can lead to water intoxication, a condition caused by diluted electrolytes in the blood. Long term effects of delayed stomach emptying include chronic indigestion, nausea and vomiting.


title: Competitive eating

text: Discomfort following an event is common with nausea, heartburn, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. People may also use laxatives or force themselves to vomit following the event, with associated risks. Retired competitive eater Don "Moses" Lerman said that he would "stretch [his] stomach until it causes internal bleeding" in competitions.


title: Stephen Bear

text: Stephen Henry Bear (born 15 January 1990) is an English reality show participant and convicted sex offender who won "Celebrity Big Brother".


title: Stephen Bear

text: His first TV appearance was in 2011 on "". He also went on to appear in the MTV reality show "Ex on the Beach" in 2015, and then again in 2016. He won the eighteenth series of "Celebrity Big Brother" in 2016.


title: Stephen Bear

text: Bear was arrested in January 2021, following an investigation into the alleged disclosure of sexual photographs without consent. He was charged on 14 May 2021 with voyeurism, disclosing private, sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress, and harassment without violence.


title: Yunho

text: Jung Yun-ho (; born February 6, 1986), also known by his stage name U-Know Yunho () or simply U-Know, is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, and a member of the pop duo TVXQ. Born and raised in Gwangju, South Korea, Yunho started his musical training under the talent agency SM Entertainment in 2001 and joined TVXQ in 2003 as the band's leader. Fluent in Korean and Japanese, Yunho has released chart-topping albums throughout Asia as a member of TVXQ. He has made occasional acting appearances in television dramas.


title: Yunho

text: Yunho was born and raised in Gwangju, South Korea. He has one younger sister. Several members of Yunho's family worked in the legal industry, and Yunho's own childhood dream was to be a prosecutor.


title: Yunho

text: When he was in middle school, he and a few other friends formed the dance team A+, and they competed in various dance competitions around the country. After winning a prize at the 1st Annual SM Best Competition in 1999, Yunho signed with S.M. Entertainment and officially started his training in 2001.


title: Yunho

text: His family, who suffered greatly from the 1997 Asian financial crisis, were initially against his decision to become a singer. To provide for himself while he trained in Seoul, Yunho took up various part-time jobs in the city, such as doing snow removal in the morning and working as a waiter at night. He spent most of his high school vacations in Seoul training and only returned to Gwangju for school. Sometime later, Yunho suffered a hormonal imbalance in his throat and underwent surgery, which affected his vocal cords. After losing his voice, Yunho considered giving up his training.


title: Yunho

text: Throughout his years as a trainee, Yunho was put in four temporary groups - all of which later disbanded. In late 2001, at the age of fifteen, Yunho was featured as a rapper and backup dancer in Dana's debut single "Diamond", and briefly toured with her.


title: Yunho

text: In 2002, Yunho was selected to be a backup dancer for Shinhwa and was chosen to be part of the project boy band Four Seasons, which consisted of fellow trainees Kim Jae-joong, Kim Hee-chul, and Kangin. The project group was dropped when Yunho and Jaejoong joined TVXQ in early 2003.


title: Yunho

text: Yunho's stage name "U-Know", a nickname he has been using since high school, reflected Yunho's position as the leader, who was always trying to understand others.


title: Yunho

text: The final line-up of TVXQ consisted of Yunho, Max Changmin, Jaejoong, Park Yoo-chun, and Kim Jun-su. The group officially debuted on December 26, 2003 during a BoA and Britney Spears showcase. They performed their debut single "Hug", which became a hit in South Korea. TVXQ have been releasing number one albums in Korea since their second studio album "Rising Sun" (2005), which was also the album that gave the group their first Daesang (대상), or Grand Award, at the Mnet KM Music Festival. Their fourth Korean album "Mirotic" (2008) was the Album of the Year at the 2008 Mnet KM Music Festival and the 2008 Golden Disc Awards. The album features the group's most well-known and best-selling single, "Mirotic".


title: Yunho

text: In 2005, TVXQ made their Japanese debut with the single "Stay with Me Tonight", debuting at number 37 on the Oricon Singles Chart. They grabbed their first number-one single in Japan with "Purple Line" (2008). Their fourth Japanese album "The Secret Code" spawned two platinum-selling singles "Dōshite Kimi o Suki ni Natte Shimattandarō?" and Share the World" (2009), with the latter being a theme song for the anime "One Piece".


title: Yunho

text: TVXQ was plunged into legal turmoil when members Jaejoong, Yoochun, and Junsu filed an injunction against their Korean agency in July 2009. This led to their much-publicized departure from the group in 2010. A year later, Yunho and Changmin returned as a duo, releasing albums in both Korean and Japanese. As a duo, TVXQ set sales records and concert attendance records in Japan, becoming the country's best-selling and highest-grossing foreign music act.


title: Yunho

text: On May 25, 2015, it was announced that Yunho would release his first Japanese solo extended play "U Know Y". Consisting of seven tracks, the mini album includes five songs that were previously performed by Yunho during TVXQ's concerts and solo events in Japan. The new track "Burning Down" was selected to be the album's lead single. Bundled with a DVD that includes a music video and behind-the-scenes footage, "U Know Y" received a limited release, and was only made available for purchase to members of TVXQ's Japanese fanclub, "Bigeast". The mini album was released on July 8, 2015.


title: Yunho

text: On May 3, 2019, Yunho announced plans to release his first solo Korean-language album. Yunho's debut extended play, "True Colors", was announced on May 28 and was released on June 12 alongside its lead single "Follow".


title: Yunho

text: On December 17, 2020, Yunho announced that he would make his comeback in January 2021. Yunho's second extended play, "Noir", was released on January 18, 2021 alongside its lead single "Thank U".


title: Yunho

text: Yunho had brief acting cameos on the first few years of his career. He appeared in the MBC sitcom "Nonstop 4", and participated in the television drama "Vacation" and movie "Dating on Earth" starring all of the members of TVXQ.


title: Yunho

text: Yunho made his official acting debut in 2009, playing the male lead in romantic comedy series "Heading to the Ground". However, the series was a commercial flop and sparked criticism from netizens for his lack of acting skills.


title: Yunho

text: From September to December 2010, Yunho starred in his first musical, a remake of the South Korean television drama "Goong". From November 2012 to January 2013, Yunho starred in his second musical "Gwanghwamun Sonata", a story set in South Korea during the democratic movement in the 1980s.


title: Yunho

text: In 2012, Yunho starred in melodrama "King of Ambition", playing a wealthy heir with ice hockey skills. His performance earned him a People's Choice award at the 2013 Seoul International Drama Awards.


title: Yunho

text: In 2014, Yunho starred in the historical action drama "Diary of a Night Watchman", playing a swordsman. Yunho was widely praised for his acting, managing fierce action scenes and effectively portraying the delicate emotions of his character.


title: Yunho

text: For his last project before enlistment, Yunho chose to star in the web series "I Order You", playing a chef. The series premiered on Naver TVcast in July 2015.


title: Yunho

text: In May 2017, Yunho was confirmed to star in Orion Cinema Network's upcoming romantic mystery drama, "Meloholic".


title: Yunho

text: Yunho has been given the name "K-pop's dancing king" by critics. He was also the only Asian performer invited to Michael Jackson's tribute concert "This Is It", and performed in the Korean leg. He trained in Los Angeles and Las Vegas with Genevieve Gleary, Morris Pleasure, and others who once worked closely with Jackson.


title: Yunho

text: Besides his native Korean, Yunho is fluent in Japanese. He graduated from Myongji University in 2011. He has pursued a master's degree at Chungwoon University.


title: Yunho

text: On March 12, 2021, Yunho violated COVID-19 restrictions when he visited a bar with friends in Gangnam after 10pm. He posted a public apology on his Instagram. On September 2, 2021, Yunho was cleared of criminal charges and paid a small fine for his curfew violation.


title: Yunho

text: While TVXQ was filming a variety show on October 14, 2006, Yunho was rushed to the hospital after drinking a beverage laced with super glue, given to him by an anti-fan. The female suspect, whose surname is Ko, was apprehended on October 16. She was a member of an anti-TVXQ website for over two years.


title: Yunho

text: Yunho contacted the police and requested to not press charges against Ko in spite of the potentially severe consequences of what she did. Ko was the same age as Yunho's younger sister, and Yunho stated that the entire event "affected [him] more mentally than physically" while he was recovering from the shock. Circumstances were unclear as to how the culprit managed to enter the set of the variety show.


title: Yunho

text: Yunho was inducted into the Republic of Korea Armed Forces on July 21, 2015. He received five weeks of basic training at Yangju, Gyeonggi Province, and was the leader of his squad. A completion ceremony for the recruits was held on August 27, and Yunho was awarded with the "Best Recruit" honor. Yunho officially joined the military band for the 26th Mechanized Infantry Division on August 31. He was honored as a Special Warrior on May 9, 2016.


title: Yunho

text: On March 7, 2022, Yunho donated 50 million won to the Community Chest of Korea for Fruit of Love to help the victims of the massive wildfire that started in Uljin, Gyeongbuk and has spread to Samcheok, Gangwon.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Wild Honey is the 13th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released December 18, 1967 on Capitol Records. It was the group's first foray into soul music and was heavily influenced by the R&B of artists such as Stevie Wonder. The album was the band's worst-selling at that point, charting at number 24 in the US. Lead single "Wild Honey" peaked at number 31, while its follow-up "Darlin" reached number 19. In the UK, the album peaked at number seven.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: The album's sessions began immediately after the recording of "Lei'd in Hawaii", a failed live album, and the release of "Smiley Smile", their previous LP. Like "Smiley Smile", "Wild Honey"s core instrumental combo consists of organ, honky-tonk piano, and electric bass. The Beach Boys were inspired to regroup as a self-contained rock band, partly in response to critical assertions that they were "ball-less choir boys". They also purposely distanced themselves from the prevailing rock trends of the time, which had been typified by psychedelia and high-scale recording or thematic conceits.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: It was the second album to credit "the Beach Boys" as producer instead of Brian Wilson, who gradually withdrew from the band following the difficult sessions for the aborted "Smile" project. At his request, bandmate Carl Wilson began contributing more to the recording process, a trend that continued on subsequent albums. Mike Love also returned as Brian's main songwriting collaborator for the first time since "Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)" (1965). It was the last Beach Boys album to feature Brian as a primary composer until "The Beach Boys Love You" (1977).


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Wild Honey" presaged a back-to-basics approach that was subsequently adopted by the Beach Boys' contemporaries, including Bob Dylan and the Beatles, and it is credited with pioneering the DIY pop genre. Most critics initially disregarded the record, but after the mid–1970s, a greater appreciation formed around its simplicity and charm. In 1979, the track "Here Comes the Night" was redone by the group as a disco single. In 2020, "Wild Honey" was ranked number 410 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the greatest albums of all time. A remixed and expanded edition, titled "1967 – Sunshine Tomorrow", was released in 2017.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: The Beach Boys' previous LP "Smiley Smile", released in September 1967, peaked at number 41 on US "Billboard" charts for what was their worst performing album to date. A controversy involving whether the band was to be taken as a serious rock group had critics and fans divided, as journalist Gene Sculatti wrote at the time, "the California sextet is simultaneously hailed as genius incarnate and derided as the archetypical pop music copouts." The unfinished album that "Smiley Smile" came to replace, "Smile", had acquired considerable press, and Capitol Records was still interested in putting the album out. In July 1967, an internal memo circulated around Capitol Records that discussed imminent plans to follow up "Smiley Smile" with a 10-track version of the original "Smile", but this never came to fruition.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Instead, the group traveled to Honolulu and attempted to record a live album, titled "Lei'd in Hawaii". There, Wilson intimated to a reporter that he enjoyed the contemporary "pop scene" and acknowledged that, even though "the Beach Boys are squares", he did not feel personally hurt by such a reputation, citing the band's past successes and the enjoyment they get from recording. Upon their return to Los Angeles, in September, the group decided that the recordings were not suitable for release and attempted to redo the project as a live-in-the-studio album. After this, the band recorded the material that formed "Wild Honey".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: The image on the front of the "Wild Honey" sleeve is a small section of an elaborate stained-glass window that adorned Brian's home in Bel Air. For the liner notes, friend Arnie Geller and the Wilsons' cousin Steve Korthoff wrote: "Honey, of the wild variety, on a shelf in Brian's kitchen, was not only an aide to all of the Beach Boys' health but the source of inspiration for the record, "Wild Honey" [...] We think this is a great album. We love to listen to it. We might just be biased because we work for the Beach Boys. Please see what you think." Singer Danny Hutton remembered: "The vibe was still great. He'd [Brian] have me over and he'd suddenly say: 'I've got this idea, man!' Then he'd point to a jar of wild honey. 'That's it! That's what the album's gonna be called!' And the other guys were thrilled." Alternatively, Mike Love said he originated the title after finding a jar of honey in Wilson's cupboard.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Two days after the release of "Smiley Smile", Carl Wilson produced some recordings for the songwriter Stephen Kalinich, who later became a collaborator for the group, and the songwriter's partner Mark Buckingham. All of the tracks remain unreleased. In October, Murry Wilson, the band's original manager, made his recording debut with the album "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson", with one track composed by Al Jardine and produced by an uncredited Brian.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Wild Honey" is a soul album that mixes pop and R&B styles. According to Love, the band made a conscious decision to be "completely out of the mainstream for what was going on at that time, which was all hard rock/psychedelic music. [The album] just didn’t have anything to do with what was going on." Unlike the band's previous R&B outings — which typically consisted of Chuck Berry-derived riffs — most of "Wild Honey" drew on the emotive soul music associated with the Motown and Stax Records labels. Edwin Faust from "Stylus Magazine" wrote that its music focuses "simply on catchy hooks, snappy melodies and a straight-up boogie-woogie feel". Lenny Kaye, writing for "Wondering Sound", felt that its "R&B leanings" may be attributed to Mike Love and Carl Wilson's vocal roles on the album. Carl said that his R&B side had "always wanted to come out. I have this massive collection of R&B records. When we were doing "Pet Sounds", I'd go home and put on my Stax and Aretha stuff. It's always been a big part of my life."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Recorded mostly at their private studio – located in Brian's home – the album may be retrospectively viewed as the second installment in a consecutive series of lo-fi Beach Boys albums. According to Brian, "People expected me to come up with great orchestral stuff all the time and it became a burden. [...] we decided to make a rhythm'n'blues record. We consciously made a simpler album. It was just a little R'n'B and soul. It certainly wasn't like a regular Beach Boys record." By the time of the album's recording, Brian was tired of producing the Beach Boys after having done it for several years, and so he requested that brother Carl contribute more to the process. Brian stated that his brother "really got into [...] the production side of things" starting with "Wild Honey".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: The resulting album was partly a response to critical assertions that the group were "ball-less choir boys". Music theorist Daniel Harrison described "Wild Honey" as a self-conscious attempt by the Beach Boys to "regroup" themselves as a rock band in opposition to their more orchestral affairs of the past. Bruce Johnston recalled: "we wanted to be a band again. The whole ["Smile"] thing had wiped everyone out, and we wanted to play together again." The last time the Beach Boys had an album where they essentially played as a self-contained band was 1964's "Shut Down Volume 2". Only five tracks were recorded with assistance from session musicians. Some sessions were held at Wally Heider Recording in Los Angeles to accommodate the musicians with a larger recording space for overdubs.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: The album differs in many ways from previous Beach Boys records: it contains very little group singing compared to previous albums, and mainly features Brian singing at his piano. The recording sessions lasted only several weeks, compared to the several months required for "Good Vibrations" (1966). Harrison say that its "simple songs" lacked the "enigmatic weirdness" and "virtuosic mesmerizers" present in "Smiley Smile", but featured the same production approach and similar core instrumental combo of organ, honky-tonk piano, and electric bass. The piano was slightly detuned, which Brian said made it "more like a twelve-string guitar, to get a more mellow sound. [...] I loved what it did to the sound of the record." Musicologist Christian Matijas-Mecca noted that "while the album's sparse production aesthetics and stripped-down sonic palette are deceiving, the album is arranged with an attention to detail and tonal clarity." "Wild Honey" was the last Beach Boys album to be mixed in mono.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Wild Honey" was co-written by Mike Love from the perspective of Stevie Wonder singing it. He felt that the album title was suggestive of both edible honey and "honey" as a term of endearment, Session musician Paul Tanner was recruited to play his Electro-Theremin on the track. "Aren't You Glad" is described by "Rolling Stone" magazine as a "Lovin' Spoonful type song with the Beach Boys touch", while magazine editor Gene Sculatti said it "achieves a Miracles style smoothness via a Bobby Goldsboro-type song". "I Was Made to Love Her" was originally recorded by Wonder, who had a number 2 hit with the song in July 1967. "Country Air" was stated by Brian to be his "favorite cut on the record." "A Thing or Two" is identified by Christian Matijas-Mecca as a "sibling" to "Smiley Smile"s "Gettin' Hungry", and that the vocal riff would be reprised in the group's 1968 single "Do It Again".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Darlin" was one of the album's more developed productions, and was reworked from the earlier Brian Wilson/Mike Love composition "Thinkin' 'Bout You Baby". Initially, Brian had planned to give this song (along with "Time to Get Alone") to Three Dog Night, then called "Redwood", before Carl and Love insisted that Brian focus his attention on producing work for the Beach Boys. Redwood's version of the song was left unreleased until the 1993 compilation "". "I'd Love Just Once to See You" prefigured the writing style that Brian would later explore in the next studio album "Friends".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Let the Wind Blow" was the first composition recorded by the group that is in time from beginning to end. "How She Boogaloed It" was the first original Beach Boys song (excluding instrumentals and cover versions) not to feature contributions from Brian. "Mama Says" is a chant that originated from an unreleased incarnation of the composition "Vegetables". It was the first time a track with thematic links to "Smile" was used to close a later Beach Boys album, the others being "20/20" (1969) and "Surf's Up" (1971). Inexplicably, when the alternate "Mama Says" version of "Vegetables" was released, Van Dyke Parks’ songwriting credit was not honored, and instead Love was listed as the song's only co-writer.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Brian is credited as composer or co-composer for 9 of 11 tracks, compared to "Smiley Smile" in which he held a songwriting credit for every track. This would be the last Beach Boys album to feature Brian as a primary composer until "The Beach Boys Love You" (1977).


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Outtakes from the "Wild Honey" sessions include the originals "Can't Wait Too Long", "Time to Get Alone", "Cool, Cool Water", "Honey Get Home", and "Lonely Days". A solo recording of Brian performing the "Smile" song "Surf's Up" was lost and rediscovered several decades later at the end of the multi-track reel for "Country Air". Archivist Mark Linett stated: "No explanation for why he did that and it was never taken any farther. Although I don’t think the intention was to take it any farther because it's just him singing live and playing piano." The band also recorded cover versions of the Box Tops hit "The Letter" (1967), Clint Ballard Jr.'s "The Game of Love" (1965), and the Beatles' "With a Little Help from My Friends" (1967), as well as Johnston's demo for "Bluebirds over the Mountain". The "New York Observer"s Ron Hart said that the significance of the Beach Boys covering "The Letter" as sung by Alex Chilton is "simply beyond comprehension [...] for that special kind of music nerd."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: On October 13, 1967, Capitol announced that the Beach Boys' next release would be "Wild Honey" and offered its track listing, even though some of the songs had yet to be recorded at that point. Among its differences, "How She Boogalooed It", "Country Air", and "Mama Says" were not included, while "Cool, Cool Water", "Game of Love", "The Letter" (live version from Hawaii), and "Lonely Days" were. "Honey Get Home" was also listed, but crossed out. "The Letter" was to serve as a teaser for the forthcoming live album before the plans for the record were dropped.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Lead single "Wild Honey" was issued on October 23, 1967, with a B-side taken from "Smiley Smile", "Wind Chimes". The single peaked at number 31 in the US and number 20 in the UK. From November 17 to 26, the touring group embarked on their fifth annual Thanksgiving tour of the US, with set lists that included four songs from the upcoming album: "Wild Honey", "Darlin, "Country Air", and "How She Boogalooed It". Keyboardist Daryl Dragon and bassist Ron Brown supported the band on stage. On December 15, the band performed their only studio-televised live performance of the year at a UNICEF Variety Gala in Paris, for a program titled "Gala Variety from Paris", which also featured several other celebrities, including Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Wild Honey" was issued in the US on December 18, accompanied by the single "Darlin (backed with "Here Today" from "Pet Sounds"). It was released in competition with the Beatles' "Magical Mystery Tour" and the Rolling Stones' "Their Satanic Majesties Request", and contrasted the psychedelic music that occupied the record charts. "Wild Honey" became the Beach Boys' lowest-selling album at that point and remained on the charts for only 15 weeks. "Darlin peaked at number 24 in the US, as did "Wild Honey". When the single was reissued in January with the B-side "Country Air", it peaked at number 11. In March, "Wild Honey" was released in the UK, where it peaked at number 7.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Like "Smiley Smile", "Wild Honey" was viewed by contemporary critics as an inconsequential work, and it alienated audiences whose expectations had been raised by "Smile". The group remained effectively blacklisted by the music press, to the extent that reviews of the group's records were either withheld from publication or published long after the release dates. Writing in his 1969 book "Outlaw Blues", Paul Williams summarized that "Wild Honey" was "a work of joy [...] new and fresh and raw and beautiful", and said that while the album's boogie woogie piano riffs were, "in their own way, as inventive as Brian’s more textured records [...] we expected more (from Brian) than we would expect from any other composer alive, because the tracks we'd heard from "Smile" were just that good. "Smiley Smile" was [...] a confusion [...] and "Wild Honey" is just another Beach Boys record."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Rolling Stone" reviewed that the Beach Boys regained their better judgement after the "disaster" of "Smiley Smile", although their use of "pre-existing ideas and idioms" on "Wild Honey" is less satisfactory and original than their earlier work: "It's kind of amusing that the Beach Boys are suddenly re-discovering rhythm and blues five years after the Beatles and Stones had brought it all back home". "Jazz & Pop"s Gene Sculatti wrote: "[the Beach Boys] have the audacity to fool around with r&b, a territory indeed alien to them. Surprisingly, "Wild Honey" works well. It isn't the least bit pretentious, it's honest, and convincing." In a column for "Esquire", Robert Christgau wrote that the album "epitomizes Brian Wilson", including the song "I'd Love Just Once to See You", which "expresses perfectly his quiet, thoughtful, sentimental artistic personality." "Billboard" welcomed the band's return to form after the "avant-garde" "Smiley Smile", but was critical of "How She Boogalooed It" as "far below the group's quality" and predicted that "I'd Love Just Once to See You" would not receive airplay.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: "Disc & Music Echo" awarded the album "LP of the Month" and wrote that it was the band's best since "Pet Sounds". The magazine concluded that "Others who, like us, felt Brian Wilson was becoming bogged down in his complex arrangements can relax and listen to the most refreshing sounds for many months." In a 1968 "Crawdaddy!" article, David Anderle reported that the Doors' Jim Morrison considered Brian Wilson "his favorite musician" and "Wild Honey" "one of his favorite albums. [...] he really got into it."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Like "Smiley Smile", "Wild Honey" was later reevaluated by fans and critics who highlighted the record for its simplicity and charm, particularly after the LP was reissued by Warner Bros. in 1974. In his 1971 review of "Surf's Up", "Rolling Stone"s Arthur Schmidt referred to "Wild Honey" as "a masterpiece", "the most underrated" of the band's "post-surfer LPs", and "the last time they truly rocked their asses off, one cut after another." In a 1976 retrospective guide to 1967 for "The Village Voice", Christgau felt "Wild Honey" is "so slight" but "perfect and full of pleasure". He argued that, "almost without a bad second", the album conveys "the troubled innocence of the Beach Boys through a time of attractive but perilous psychedelic sturm und drang. Its method is whimsy, candor, and carefully modulated amateurishness, all of which comes through as humor."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Critic Geoffrey Himes called the record "10 wonderful celebrations of everyday life and a terrific Stevie Wonder cover. Wonder, though, never sang odes to clean air and refreshing wind or made boyish jokes about seeing a naked woman or brushing one's teeth." Record producer Tony Visconti listed "Wild Honey" as one of his 13 favorite albums and said that "I still refer to this record as a benchmark in the same way that I do "Revolver"." In 2020, "Rolling Stone" ranked the record at number 410 on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". It was also ranked second on "Rolling Stone"s 2012 list of the "Coolest Summer Albums of All Time" list, with the editors praising the record's "hedonistic rock & roll spirit", "humor" and "pensive depth".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Less favorably, Richie Unterberger wrote in his review for AllMusic that, apart from "Darlin, "Here Comes the Night" and the title track, most of "Wild Honey" was "inessential". He found the music "often quite pleasant, for the great harmonies if nothing else, but the material and arrangements were quite simply thinner than they had been for a long time." Sommer wrote that the album's original mono mix suffers from being "flat and peculiar". In the lyrics to the Beta Band's 1999 song "Round the Bend", "Wild Honey" is hailed for its "funny little love songs" although considered "probably not as good as something like "Pet Sounds".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: In a negative review, "Pitchfork" critic Spencer Owen said only "one or two" songs succeed and the majority of "Wild Honey" is "not pretty" because of its R&B vein as "interpreted by white surfer boys", including "a Stevie Wonder cover sung with as much faux-soul as Carl Wilson could have possibly mustered". Writing in his "Encyclopedia of Popular Music", Colin Larkin pairs the album with the "scrappy" "Smiley Smile" as two "hastily released" works that show how the Beach Boys' music had "lost its cohesiveness", with Brian Wilson's reduced involvement. Noel Gallagher, who considers the Beach Boys to be "the most vastly overrated band in the history of popular culture", named "How She Boogalooed It" among the group's only "six good tunes".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: In the wake of "Wild Honey", numerous contemporaries of the Beach Boys adopted a similar back-to-basics approach, including Bob Dylan ("John Wesley Harding"), the Band ("Music from Big Pink"), the Beatles ("The Beatles"), and the Rolling Stones ("Beggars Banquet"). "Uncut"s David Cavanaugh remarked that despite the poor critical response afforded to the album at the time of its release, "Wild Honey" heralded rock trends of the late 1960s and effectively pioneered "a post-psychedelic music while the Summer of Love was still in full swing. And wouldn’t you know it, The Beatles' 'Lady Madonna' would get the credit." Author Mike Segretto echoed, "Ten days before Dylan got all the credit for popping the psychedelic balloon with "John Wesley Harding", the Beach Boys had done it first with "Wild Honey"."


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: Similarly, music journalist Tim Sommer characterized the album as boldly subverting "rock's expansion into pompous avenues of volume, psychedelia and lyrical pretension" and called it a precursor to albums such as the Kinks' "Village Green Preservation Society" and the Byrds' "The Notorious Byrd Brothers" (both 1968). Editors at "Rolling Stone" credited the LP with starting "the idea of DIY pop".


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: In 2017, a complete stereo mix of "Wild Honey" was released for the first time on the rarities compilation "1967 – Sunshine Tomorrow". The set also includes numerous session highlights, alternate takes, and live renditions of "Wild Honey" tracks in addition to other unreleased material recorded during the "Smiley Smile" and "Lei'd in Hawaii" era. Several months later, the compilation was followed with two more digital-exclusive releases: "1967 – Sunshine Tomorrow 2: The Studio Sessions" and "1967 – Live Sunshine". They include more than 100 tracks that were left off the first compilation.


title: Wild Honey (album)

text: In his 2004 book "The Beach Boys: A Definitive Diary", Keith Badman was unable to determine who played strings and horns on "Darlin.


title: Tom Waits discography

text: The discography of the American rock musician Tom Waits spans five decades. It consists of 17 studio albums, 3 live albums, 7 compilation albums, 23 singles, 2 soundtracks and 1 box set. Waits has also released one video album and 16 music videos.


title: Tom Waits discography

text: Waits's debut release was the 1973 single "Ol' '55", which was the lead single for his debut album "Closing Time" (1973). He began recording in 1971, but these first sessions would not be released until the beginning of the 1990s. For most of the 1970s he recorded for Asylum Records. After cutting his first soundtrack album for the Francis Ford Coppola musical film "One from the Heart", Waits signed with Island Records for the 1980s.


title: Tom Waits discography

text: The release of "Bone Machine" in 1992 brought him a Grammy Award, after a less prolific decade. After Island Records, Waits moved to Anti/Epitaph for "Mule Variations", an album that won him a second Grammy. Since the mid-1980s, he has collaborated with his wife Kathleen Brennan. His latest studio album, titled "Bad as Me", was released in 2011.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Sonic the Hedgehog was an American comic book series published by Archie Comics, in partnership with Sega. The series was based on Sega's video game franchise, as well as on the 1993 animated series of the same name. After initially beginning with a four-issue miniseries from February to May 1993 (actually November 1992 to February 1993 as the cover dates did not reflect the actual publication dates of the issues), the first full-length issue of the comic was published in July 1993 (actually April 1993). The series ran for 290 issues for over 20 years, earning a place in the 2008 "Guinness World Records" for being the "longest-running comic series based on a video game", and it became the longest-running franchise-based comic series in 2015, surpassing Marvel Comics' "Conan the Barbarian" (which ran for 275 issues) before it was confirmed cancelled in July 2017 (although the comics ceased release in January of that year), following Sega and Archie Comics' decision to discontinue their business relationship. The series features a cast of hundreds of characters, consisting of both those derived from the "Sonic" games and those original to the comics, with stories focused on a crime-fighting organization called the Freedom Fighters, led by Sonic, as they face off against series antagonist Doctor Eggman alongside a variety of other villains.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: While the series largely consists of its own continuity, certain issues implemented aspects of the "Sonic" video games into their plots and settings. Following a lawsuit in 2013 by former writer Ken Penders, Archie rebooted the series, removing several characters from the comics' continuity and moving it closer to that of the games. Over its history, the series had a number of spin-off publications being created – these include "Sonic Universe", which focuses on stories revolving around different side characters from the main series; "Knuckles the Echidna", focusing on adventures involving Knuckles and his friends the Chaotix; "Sonic X", a comic series based on the 2003 Japanese anime of the same name; and "Sonic Boom", a comic series based on both the cartoon series and the video game series of the same name. In addition, the comic series had two crossovers with Archie's "Mega Man" comic-book series, based on the Mega Man video games from Capcom.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: A succeeding series of "Sonic" comics by IDW Publishing began serialization from April 2018, following IDW's acquisition of the "Sonic" license. Ian Flynn, who formerly worked on the Archie series, was recruited by IDW to help with producing stories for the new series.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The "Sonic the Hedgehog" comic debuted in the US as a four-part miniseries (cover-dated 1992 to February 1993). This was followed up two months later by the series "Sonic the Hedgehog" (April 1993 – December 2016). Numerous one-shot specials and several reprint series' followed.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The comics follow the adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog and his friends, called the Freedom Fighters, who battle against the evil Doctor Robotnik. Initially based on the plot of the 1993 animated series, the comic later incorporated elements from the video games and other media. Ken Penders, former writer of the comic, sued Sega, EA, and Archie Comics for copyright infringements, leading to a continuity reboot with all established characters created by Penders and other writers being removed, save those of current writer Ian Flynn, who penned the new continuity, and those created for assorted animated series, to which Sega retains the rights. The new continuity is a world much more closer to the world depicted in Sega's games.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The original universe, which remained canon until the comic's 247th issue, is set on the planet Mobius, an alternate version of Earth where animals were mutated into the anthropomorphic Mobians. Dr. Robotnik is depicted as a tyrant, ruling from Robotropolis, following a coup d'état against the Kingdom of Acorn. A small band of heroes, the Freedom Fighters, fight back against his forces from the secluded village of Knothole. Amongst the group are Sonic, his best friend Miles "Tails" Prower, love interest and team leader Princess Sally Acorn, French-accented Antoine D’Coolette, cybernetic Bunnie Rabbot, technician Rotor the Walrus, and Sally's handheld computer Nicole. Other allies like Knuckles the Echidna, Amy Rose, and Sonic's Uncle Chuck join them in later chapters. Robotnik in turn is aided by his nephew Snively.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Robotnik meets his demise in the fiftieth issue, erased from existence by his own superweapon. An alternate version of Robotnik from a parallel world becomes the lead antagonist, first introduced as "Robo-Robotnik", but later takes on the name of Dr. Eggman. New antagonists were introduced, including the evil sorcerer Ixis Naugus; Scourge the Hedgehog, Sonic's evil counterpart from a parallel universe; and the Dark Egg Legion, a union of other factions like the Iron Dominion and the echidna-led Dark Legion. Game storylines like "Sonic Adventure" and "Sonic Adventure 2" were adapted, introducing Shadow the Hedgehog as a recurring character.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The Xorda, an extraterrestrial race whose past actions led to the creation of Mobius and evolved anthropomorphic animals, try to destroy the planet. Sonic defeats them, only to end up lost in space, but returns home a year later. Sally's father, King Maximillian, is poisoned by Antoine's evil counterpart, Patch, and hands the throne over to his son Prince Elias. For a brief time, Snively defects to the Freedom Fighters only to betray them, bombing Knothole with the Egg Fleet. The citizens are imprisoned in the Egg Grapes, but Sonic frees them. Nicole uses nanites to create New Mobotropolis. Tails’ father Amadeus tries to bring democracy to the city against the monarchy, Sally preventing a civil war by establishing the Council of Acorn, consisting of royal and public officials.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Eggman has a mental breakdown due to his failed attempts to control the planet and is temporarily institutionalized, allowing Snively and the Iron Queen, Regina Ferrum, to take over his empire, leading to a lengthy war against the Freedom Fighters. Naugus comes to rule New Mobotropolis as king, due to a deal Sally's father made with him. Eggman returns to power and sanity, unleashing the Genesis Wave, altering the world, but Sonic reverses it. Sally sacrifices herself to stop Eggman's superweapon, the World Roboticizer, and becomes a robot. The Freedom Fighters reform as Team Freedom, Team Fighters, and the Secret Freedom Fighters to combat Eggman and Naugus.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Eggman activates a second Genesis Wave, transporting himself, Sonic, and other characters into the world of Mega Man, leading to the crossover "Worlds Collide". A second crossover "Worlds Unite" happened in 2015, featuring characters from other Sega and Capcom titles.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The original multiverse ceased to exist when Dr. Eggman launched the Super Genesis Wave in conjunction with Dr. Wily, causing the Prime Zone (Sonic's World Dimension) to be irreversibly rewritten and the multiverse surrounding it to collapse in on itself, destroying every prior known reality (with the exception of the Special Zone and the Sol Zone, Blaze's World Dimension, the latter due to the Jeweled Scepter) and creating new ones in their place.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Sonic and Dr. Eggman maintain their memories of the original continuity, which are then shared with Tails, Sally, Rotor, Antoine, Bunnie, Amy Rose, and Naugus when they make contact with Nicole. However, this world is altered by the second Genesis Wave and Earth is split apart, awakening Dark Gaia, leading to the events of "Sonic Unleashed". The comic also introduces Naugus’ sister Wendy, a witch who pledges allegiance to Eggman and plots to gain the Cacophonic Conch.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The series was originally published as a four issue mini-series, with the first issue labeled as "issue 0". At the end of the fourth issue of the series, it was announced that "Sonic" would return in a regular series, and the next issue was published as "issue 1" of the regular series.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Alongside the main Sonic series, Archie Comics published various special issues. Longer than typical issues of the comic, these specials feature stories involving Sonic and other related characters. Several miniseries have also been published, featuring characters such as Sally Acorn, Tails and Knuckles.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Because of the popularity of the specials and Miniseries featuring Knuckles, in 1997, "Knuckles the Echidna" became an ongoing series. Knuckles' stories featured its own cast of characters, including the Chaotix. In 2000, the series was cancelled, but the stories were continued in the pages of "Sonic the Hedgehog" until it was phased out completely by "Sonic" issue 125. In this form, a typical issue of "Sonic" included a Sonic story and a second, shorter Knuckles story afterwards, though eventually this phased out as well.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: To allow for stories that focused more on side characters than primarily on Sonic-most notably the other characters featured in the Sega games-the "Sonic Universe" comic line was introduced. This series has included a wide range of characters previously introduced in other comic issues, as well as allowing for the introduction of additional characters to the comic cast. Typically, the series is broken up into four-issue long story arcs focusing on a select character or group of characters, though one-issue stories have also been released.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Archie has also produced two Sonic series based on other branches of the Sonic franchise, namely the "Sonic X" anime and the "Sonic Boom" cartoon. The "Sonic X" series began in September 2005, and ended after forty issues in January 2009, the last of which featured a crossover story with the main "Sonic the Hedgehog" series that served as a prequel to the first "Sonic Universe" issue. The "Sonic Boom" line began in October 2014, and was later incorporated into "Worlds Unite" before concluding with its eleventh issue in September 2015.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The Archie Sonic series has also produced several Free Comic Book Day issues, which typically feature either reprints of older issues or new stories that fit into the series continuity. Since 2013 these issues have served as a combination free comic special with the Mega Man series; a free Sonic issue serving as a prequel to "Sonic Lost World" was also released in 2013 for Halloween Comic Fest. Various compilations have also been put together, such as the "Sonic Saga Series, Sonic Archives" and "Knuckles Archives, Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic Universe" and standalone graphic novels, "Sonic Legacy, Best of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic Super Digest" and "Sonic Super Special Magazine." Following "Worlds Collide" the latter two series and the Free Comic Book Day issues began featuring stories in a series entitled "Sonic Comic Origins", which detailed the histories of various characters in the post-reboot continuity.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: A short, three panel comic strip similar to those found in a newspaper at the end of some issues called "Off-Panel". It was originally found in the main series of comics, and was later continued in the spinoff series "Sonic Universe". Earlier strips involved fictional version of staff interacting with comic characters, while later strips removed this element, it always retains elements of comical gags relating to the issues main story, often containing fourth wall breaking.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The comic book has had a large cast of characters, primarily originating from the video games, the 1993 animated series, and other media. A number of characters were created by various writers including Ken Penders, Ian Flynn, Michael Gallagher, Karl Bollers, Scott Fulop, and Dan Slott. Following Penders' lawsuits against Sega and Electronic Arts, and later against Archie Comics, the continuity of the comic was rebooted into a new timeline, removing most of the characters created by previous writers, save Flynn. Due to the large cast, only major and recurring characters are included in this section.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The central protagonists of the comic, the Freedom Fighters are a resistance movement who battle against Dr. Eggman and various other antagonists for the freedom of their planet. The main faction are the Knothole Freedom Fighters, led by Sonic the Hedgehog and Princess Sally Acorn, who operate from the village of Knothole in the Great Forest.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: Shortly after Archie Comics acquired the rights to produce the comic series, editor Daryl Edelman approached writer Michael Gallagher (whom he worked with at the time on "Betty and Veronica") via a phone call on July 23, 1992, to write stories for the comic. Edelman believed that Gallagher was well-suited writing for the comic for several reasons, among them his work over at Marvel Comics. After briefly discussing the series' concept and that the 4-issue miniseries would have 3 self-contained stories in each issue, Gallagher was told by Edelman to "establish the characters quickly through strong exposition" using "visuals from the game" (which would be faxed to him) and needed the first script in a week. After taking the job, he went to work and received a full page of "Sonic Line Art" (showing the character in various poses), 4 pages of model sheets showing illustrations of the characters, and 3 pages of character descriptions, locations, and the series' back story. He later recalled that the characters eventually became "very familiar to him and began to suggest their own stories". After the miniseries, he ceased being the only writer of the issues, though he continued to contribute throughout its run.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: In January 2009, three years after leaving the comic, former head writer Ken Penders filed for copyright over every story and character that he had created for "Sonic the Hedgehog" and its spin-offs during his run at Archie Comics, with the U.S. Copyright Office approving his claims in 2010. Penders planned on continuing his "Mobius 25 Years Later" story independently, and declared that everything using his copyrighted works since issue #160 of the main comic was "essentially unauthorised". He had been prompted to do so after fans contacted him asking if he had anything to do with the release of "", which he did not; Penders believed the game used concepts and characters similar to those he had written for the comic series. That same year, Archie Comics filed a lawsuit against Penders, aiming to retain copyright over its stories and characters; Archie alleged that Penders had violated his contract with them. However, Archie were unable to produce the original copy of their contract with Penders, nor those of any other artist who had ever worked on "Sonic", opening them for future lawsuits.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: In 2013, the lawsuit ended in prejudice, with Penders gaining the rights to an estimated over 200 characters from the comic in a confidential settlement with Archie Comics"." He would later turn the "Mobius 25 Years Later" continuation project into "The Lara Su Chronicles", a still-in-development graphic novel; Archie would initially write his characters out of future comics, rewriting issues mid-lawsuit to remove any references to them and not republishing stories involving them, before rebooting the canon entirely to retcon out not only his but any other former writers' original characters and concepts fully.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: In 2016, after seeing the success of the Penders lawsuit, former "Sonic" editor Scott Fulop filed suits against Archie Comics and Sega, claiming that he had made 15 characters for the comic series and was owed six figures in royalties. He cited the Penders case as justification for his claims, and gave nearly a thousand examples of times Archie had allegedly wrongly used his characters or reprinted stories involving them. Fulop, through his company Narrative Ark, sought damages for copyright infringement by both Archie and Sega, as they had apparently failed to compensate him for his works; he also sought to invalidate copyrights on his characters filed by Archie in 2011 in response to Penders's own copyright filings. However, the suits were dismissed in the defendants' favour, as Narrative Ark provided insufficient evidence for their claims.


title: Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics)

text: The comic has been received positively. Destructoid praised the comic series, especially the earlier issues during the 1990s, for adding more backstory and character interaction than was presented in the "Sonic" video games for the Sega Genesis.


title: Urvashi Sharma

text: Urvashi Sharma (born 13 October 1984), also known as Raina Joshi, is an Indian Bollywood actress and model, born in Delhi.


title: Urvashi Sharma

text: On 21 January 2014, she gave birth to a baby girl named Samaira. and on 26 November 2017, she gave birth to a boy.


title: Ascariasis

text: Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm "Ascaris lumbricoides". Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever in the beginning of the disease. These may be followed by symptoms of abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Children are most commonly affected, and in this age group the infection may also cause poor weight gain, malnutrition, and learning problems.


title: Ascariasis

text: Infection occurs by ingestion of food or drink contaminated with "Ascaris" eggs from feces. The eggs hatch in the intestines, the larvae burrow through the gut wall, and migrate to the lungs via the blood. There they break into the alveoli and pass up the trachea, where they are coughed up and may be swallowed. The larvae then pass through the stomach for a second time into the intestine, where they become adult worms. It is a type of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and part of a group of diseases called helminthiases.


title: Ascariasis

text: Prevention is by improved sanitation, which includes improving access to toilets and proper disposal of feces. Handwashing with soap appears protective. In areas where more than 20% of the population is affected, treating everyone at regular intervals is recommended. Reoccurring infections are common. There is no vaccine. Treatments recommended by the World Health Organization are the medications albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, or pyrantel pamoate. Other effective agents include tribendimidine and nitazoxanide.


title: Ascariasis

text: About 0.8 to 1.2 billion people globally have ascariasis, with the most heavily affected populations being in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia. This makes ascariasis the most common form of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. As of 2010 it caused about 2,700 deaths a year, down from 3,400 in 1990. Another type of "Ascaris" infects pigs. Ascariasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease.


title: Ascariasis

text: In populations where worm infections are widespread, it is common to find that most people are infected by a small number of worms, while a small number of people are heavily infected. This is characteristic of many types of worm infections. Those people who are infected with only a small number of worms usually have no symptoms.


title: Ascariasis

text: As larval stages travel through the body, they may cause visceral damage, peritonitis and inflammation, enlargement of the liver or spleen, and an inflammation of the lungs. Pulmonary manifestations take place during larval migration and may present as Loeffler's syndrome, a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates with radiographic shadowing.


title: Ascariasis

text: The worms can occasionally cause intestinal blockage when large numbers get tangled into a bolus or they may migrate from the small intestine, which may require surgery. More than 796 "A. lumbricoides" worms weighing up to were recovered at autopsy from a two-year-old South African girl. The worms had caused torsion and gangrene of the ileum, which was interpreted as the cause of death.


title: Ascariasis

text: The worms lack teeth. However, they can rarely cause bowel perforations by inducing volvulus and closed-loop obstruction.


title: Ascariasis

text: Bowel obstruction may occur in up to 0.2 per 1000 per year. A worm may block the ampulla of Vater, or go into the main pancreatic duct, resulting in acute pancreatitis with raised serum levels of amylase and lipase. Occasionally, a worm can travel through the biliary tree and even into the gallbladder, causing acute cholangitis or acute cholecystitis.


title: Ascariasis

text: Ascariasis may result in allergies to shrimp and dustmites due to the shared antigen, tropomyosin; this has not been confirmed in the laboratory.


title: Ascariasis

text: The worms in the intestine may cause malabsorption and anorexia, which contribute to malnutrition. The malabsorption may be due to a loss of brush border enzymes, erosion and flattening of the villi, and inflammation of the lamina propria.


title: Ascariasis

text: "Ascaris" have an aversion to some general anesthetics and may exit the body, sometimes through the mouth, when an infected individual is put under general anesthesia.


title: Ascariasis

text: The source of infection is from objects which have been contaminated with fecal matter containing eggs. Ingestion of infective eggs from soil contaminated with human feces or contaminated vegetables and water is the primary route of infection. Infectious eggs may occur on other objects such as hands, money and furniture. Transmission from human to human by direct contact is impossible.


title: Ascariasis

text: Transmission comes through municipal recycling of wastewater into crop fields. This is quite common in emerging industrial economies and poses serious risks for local crop sales and exports of contaminated vegetables. A 1986 outbreak of ascariasis in Italy was traced to irresponsible wastewater recycling used to grow Balkan vegetable exports.


title: Ascariasis

text: The number of ova (eggs) in sewage or in crops that were irrigated with raw or partially treated sewage, is a measure of the degree of ascariasis incidence. For example:


title: Ascariasis

text: The first appearance of eggs in stools is 60–70 days. In larval ascariasis, symptoms occur 4–16 days after infection. The final symptoms are gastrointestinal discomfort, colic and vomiting, fever, and observation of live worms in stools. Some patients may have pulmonary symptoms or neurological disorders during migration of the larvae. There are generally few or no symptoms. A bolus of worms may obstruct the intestine; migrating larvae may cause pneumonitis and eosinophilia. Adult worms have a lifespan of 1–2 years which means that individuals may be infected all their lives as worms die and new worms are acquired.


title: Ascariasis

text: Eggs can survive potentially for 15 years and a single worm may produce 200,000 eggs a day. They maintain their position by swimming against the intestinal flow.


title: Ascariasis

text: "Ascaris" takes most of its nutrients from the partially digested host food in the intestine. There is some evidence that it can secrete enzyme inhibitors, presumably to protect itself from digestion by the hosts' enzymes. Children are often more severely affected.


title: Ascariasis

text: Most diagnoses are made by identifying the appearance of the worm or eggs in feces. Due to the large quantity of eggs laid, diagnosis can generally be made using only one or two fecal smears.


title: Ascariasis

text: The diagnosis is usually incidental when the host passes a worm in the stool or vomit. The eggs can be seen in a smear of fresh feces examined on a glass slide under a microscope and there are various techniques to concentrate them first or increase their visibility, such as the ether sedimentation method or the Kato technique. The eggs have a characteristic shape: they are oval with a thick, mamillated shell (covered with rounded mounds or lumps), measuring 35–50 micrometer in diameter and 40–70 in length. During pulmonary disease, larvae may be found in fluids aspirated from the lungs. White blood cell counts may demonstrate peripheral eosinophilia; this is common in many parasitic infections and is not specific to ascariasis. On X-ray, 15–35 cm long filling defects, sometimes with whirled appearance (bolus of worms).


title: Ascariasis

text: Prevention is by improved access to sanitation which includes the use of properly functioning and clean toilets by all community members as one important aspect. Handwashing with soap may be protective; however, there is no evidence it affects the severity of the disease. Eliminating the use of untreated human faeces as fertilizer is also important.


title: Ascariasis

text: In areas where more than 20% of the population is affected treating everyone is recommended. This has a cost of about 2 to 3 cents per person per treatment. This is known as mass drug administration and is often carried out among school-age children. For this purpose, broad-spectrum benzimidazoles such as mebendazole and albendazole are the drugs of choice recommended by WHO.


title: Ascariasis

text: Medications that are used to kill roundworms are called ascaricides. Those recommended by the World Health Organization for ascariasis are: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoate. Single‐dose of albendazole, mebendazole, and ivermectin are effective against ascariasis. They are effective at removing parasites and eggs from the intestines. Other effective agents include tribendimidine and nitazoxanide. Pyrantel pamoate may induce intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. Albendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy and children under two years of age. Thiabendazole may cause migration of the worm into the esophagus, so it is usually combined with piperazine.


title: Ascariasis

text: Piperazine is a flaccid paralyzing agent that blocks the response of "Ascaris" muscle to acetylcholine, which immobilizes the worm. It prevents migration when treatment is accomplished with weak drugs such as thiabendazole. If used by itself, it causes the worm to be passed out in the feces and may be used when worms have caused blockage of the intestine or the biliary duct.


title: Ascariasis

text: In some cases with severe infestation the worms may cause bowel obstruction, requiring emergency surgery. The bowel obstruction may be due to all the worms or twisting of the bowel. During the surgery the worms may be manually removed.


title: Ascariasis

text: Ascariasis is common in tropical regions as well as subtropical and regions that lack proper sanitation. It is rare to find traces of the infection in developed or urban regions.


title: Ascariasis

text: Roughly 0.8–1.3 billion individuals are infected with this intestinal worm, primarily in Africa and Asia. About 120 to 220 million of these cases are symptomatic.


title: Ascariasis

text: As of 2010, ascariasis caused about 2,700 directly attributable deaths, down from 3,400 in 1990. The indirectly attributable deaths due to the malnutrition link may be much higher.


title: Ascariasis

text: Ascariasis is more common in young animals than mature ones, with signs including unthriftiness, potbelly, rough hair coat, and slow growth.


title: Ascariasis

text: In pigs, the infection is caused by "Ascaris suum." It is characterized by poor weight gain, leading to financial losses for the farmer.


title: Reactivity series

text: In chemistry, a reactivity series (or activity series) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacement reactions and the extraction of metals from their ores.


title: Reactivity series

text: There is no unique and fully consistent way to define the reactivity series, but it is common to use the three types of reaction listed below, many of which can be performed in a high-school laboratory (at least as demonstrations).


title: Reactivity series

text: The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide:


title: Reactivity series

text: Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron, will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt, such as iron(II) sulfate:


title: Reactivity series

text: There is some ambiguity at the borderlines between the groups. Magnesium, aluminium and zinc "can" react with water, but the reaction is usually very slow unless the metal samples are specially prepared to remove the surface layer of oxide which protects the rest of the metal. Copper and silver will react with nitric acid; but because nitric acid is an oxidizing acid, the oxidizing agent is not the H ion as in normal acids, but the NO ion.


title: Reactivity series

text: The reactivity series is sometimes quoted in the strict reverse order of standard electrode potentials, when it is also known as the "electrochemical series".


title: Reactivity series

text: The following list includes the metallic elements of the first six periods. It is mostly based on tables provided by NIST. However, not all sources give the same values: there are some differences between the precise values given by NIST and the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. In the first six periods this does not make a difference to the relative order, but in the seventh period it does, so the seventh-period elements have been excluded.


title: Reactivity series

text: Hydrogen has been included as a benchmark, although it is not a metal. Metallicity has been defined by the "stairstep line", so germanium and antimony have been included. Some other elements in the middle of the 4d and 5d rows have been omitted (Zr–Tc, Hf–Os) when their simple cations are too highly charged or of rather doubtful existence. Greyed-out rows indicate values based on estimation rather than experiment.


title: Reactivity series

text: Standard electrode potentials offer a quantitative measure of the power of a reducing agent, rather than the qualitative considerations of other reactive series. However, they are only valid for "standard" conditions: in particular, they only apply to reactions in aqueous solution. Even with this proviso, the electrode potentials of lithium and sodium and gold – and hence their positions in the electrochemical series – appear anomalous. The order of reactivity, as shown by the vigour of the reaction with water or the speed at which the metal surface tarnishes in air, appears to be


title: Reactivity series

text: the same as the reverse order of the (gas-phase) ionization energies. This is borne out by the extraction of metallic lithium by the electrolysis of a eutectic mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride: lithium metal is formed at the cathode, not potassium.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: Fort Pierce is a city in and the county seat of St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Treasure Coast region of Atlantic Coast Florida. It is also known as the Sunrise City, sister to San Francisco, California, the Sunset City. Per the 2020 census, the population was 47,297.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: It was named after the Fort Pierce Army post which was built nearby in 1838 during the Second Seminole War. The military post had been named for Benjamin Kendrick Pierce, a career United States Army officer and the brother of President Franklin Pierce. It was the largest city on Florida's Atlantic Coast between Daytona Beach and West Palm Beach until 1970 when it was surpassed by Melbourne.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.8 mi (53.8 km), of which 14.7 square miles (38.2 km) is land and 6.0 square miles (15.6 km) of it (35.00%) is water.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, The Fort Pierce Beach Shore Protection project includes 1.3 miles of shore line running from immediately south of the Fort Pierce Inlet southward to Surfside Park. The project is on a two-year renourishment cycle due to impacts to the beach from the federal navigation project at Fort Pierce Inlet. This two-year renourishment cycle is a much shorter renourishment interval than what is typical for other projects along the east coast of Florida.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: The initial construction of the project occurred in 1971 and the ninth nourishment was completed in May 2013. Completion of plans and specifications, advertisement and award for the 10th renourishment contract were completed in FY 2014. The project was scheduled to start mid-February 2015. Sand for the project is dredged from an approved offshore borrow area known as the Capron Shoal and then pumped via a pipeline onto the 1.3 miles of beach south of the Fort Pierce Inlet. The sponsor, St. Lucie County, is preparing a General Reevaluation Report (GRR) for the project at their own expense that will evaluate extending Federal participation for an additional 50 years. Current Federal participation expires in 2020.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimates the total cost of the project to be $75.9 million, with an estimated U.S. Federal Government share of $46.4 million. No funding for the project was requested by the U.S. President from the U.S. Congress in Fiscal Year 2016.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: The Experimental Oculina Research Reserve preserves the Oculina Banks, a reef of ivory bush coral ("Oculina varicosa") off the coast of Fort Pierce, Florida. In 1984, a 92 square-nautical-mile (316 km) portion of these reefs was designated the "Oculina Habitat Area of Particular Concern". In 1994, the area was closed to all manner of bottom fishing and was redesignated as a research reserve. In 2000, the marine protected area was expanded to 300 square nautical miles (1,030 km) and prohibited all gears that caused mechanical disruption to the habitat. The city is also known for its large manatee population.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: Due to the devastation caused at the Fort Pierce City Marina by hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004, FEMA mandated a plan to ensure that the rebuilt facility would be protected from future such events before FEMA would release funding for the repairs. Starting in 2012, construction began to create 12 artificial barrier islands including oyster beds, lime rock artificial reefs, mangrove fringes and coastal dune. The "core" of the islands was constructed of TITANTubes, sometimes referred to as geotextile tubes or geotubes, manufactured by Flint Industries and covered by a coastal marine mattress and then armor stone. The project was completed in 2013 after six years of planning, permitting and construction and a cost of $18 million.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: "Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race."


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 41,910 people, 15,170 households, and 9,418 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 17,170 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 40.9% African American, 45.3% White, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 21.6% of the population.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: There were 15,170 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.50.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 20 to 24, 13.3% from 25 to 34, 13.0% from 45 to 54, 9.8% from 55 to 64 and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: The median income for a household in the city was $30,869, and the median income for a family was $36,337. Males had a median income of $32,412 versus $26,349 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,782. 30.2% of the population were below the poverty line.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, an average of 350,000 tons of waterborne commerce moves through Fort Pierce Harbor annually. Major commodities which are dependent on the port include citrus exports, cement and aragonite imports. The last navigation improvements at Fort Pierce were authorized by the U.S. Congress in the Water Resources Development Act of 1988 dated November 17, 1988 and construction was completed in August 1996. The existing entrance channel is 400 feet wide and 30 feet deep, the interior channel is 250 feet wide and 28 feet deep, the existing turning basin is 1,100 feet square and 28 feet deep, and the north access channel is located immediately north of the main turning basin is 1,250 feet long, 250 feet wide and 28 feet deep.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: In late 2014 dredging efforts were completed in Fort Pierce Harbor. The dredging effort included both beach placement of beach quality sand on the beach immediately south of the Inlet as well as placement of non beach quality sand in the approved offshore disposal area.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: The city of Fort Pierce has a council–manager government form of local government. The offices of commissioner and mayor are nonpartisan, and have a term of four years.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: Fort Pierce is located on U.S. Route 1, near its intersection with Florida State Road 70. Interstate 95 and Florida's Turnpike are nearby, at the west edge of town. The Intracoastal Waterway passes through the city. The nearest airport with scheduled passenger service is in Melbourne; the closest major airport is in West Palm Beach. The city itself has a general aviation airport, Treasure Coast International Airport.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: Fort Pierce is served by the St. Lucie Transportation Planning Organization (TPO). The TPO is a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), a federally mandated and federally funded transportation policy-making organization responsible for transportation planning, programming, and financing of State and Federal transportation funds for the City of Fort Pierce. The TPO is governed by a TPO Board, which is composed of elected officials, representatives from the St. Lucie County School Board, and representatives from Community Transit, a division of The Council on Aging of St. Lucie, Inc. The original bus system started as a demand response service bus in the 1990s; it only served St. Lucie County. Soon it expanded to a fixed route system, going to predetermined locations along a route. On June 3, 2002, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) approved funding, expanding the bus service to Martin County, and it became the Treasure Coast Connector.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: From 1894 to 1968 the Florida East Coast Railway served the city as a passenger railroad. Until a strike beginning in 1963, several long distance passenger trains from Chicago, Cincinnati and New York City made stops there, en route to Miami. These long distances trains included the Illinois Central Railroad's "City of Miami" and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad's "South Wind" both heading from Chicago; and they included the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad's "East Coast Champion," the "Havana Special," and the winter-only "Florida Special" originating from New York. Into the latter 1950s, passengers could take the "Dixie Flagler" to Chicago via Atlanta from the station. The FEC continued a six day a week Jacksonville-Miami train from 1965 to 1968, per court order.


title: Fort Pierce, Florida

text: Amtrak and the Florida East Coast Railway have been planning to make stations along Florida's East Coast. The latter operations would be part of the second phase of the private Brightline inter-city rail project. The cities cited by Amtrak and the Florida Department of Transportation include: Stuart, Fort Pierce, Vero Beach, Melbourne, Titusville, Cocoa, Daytona Beach and St. Augustine, Florida. In 2018, Brightline announced that it was looking at downtown properties for a site for a new station for the train between Fort Pierce and Miami. Ultimately, the northwestern terminus would be Orlando, with service beginning in 2021.


title: IEEE 802

text: IEEE 802 is a family of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards for local area networks (LAN), personal area network (PAN), and metropolitan area networks (MAN). The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) maintains these standards. The IEEE 802 family of standards has had twenty-four members, numbered 802.1 through 802.24, with a working group of the LMSC devoted to each. However, not all of these working groups are currently active.


title: IEEE 802

text: The IEEE 802 standards are restricted to computer networks carrying variable-size packets, unlike cell relay networks, for example, in which data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells. Isochronous signal networks, in which data is transmitted as a steady stream of octets, or groups of octets, at regular time intervals, are also outside the scope of the IEEE 802 standards.


title: IEEE 802

text: The number 802 has no significance: it was simply the next number in the sequence that the IEEE used for standards projects.


title: IEEE 802

text: The services and protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two layers (data link and physical) of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model. IEEE 802 divides the OSI data link layer into two sub-layers: logical link control (LLC) and medium access control (MAC), as follows:


title: IEEE 802

text: The most widely used standards are for Ethernet, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless MAN, Wireless Coexistence, Media Independent Handover Services, and Wireless RAN.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Maragadha Naanayam () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language fantasy comedy film written and directed by ARK Saravan in his directorial debut. The film stars Aadhi and Nikki Galrani while Anandaraj, Munishkanth, Daniel Annie Pope, Mime Gopi, and Kota Srinivasa Rao play supporting roles. The music was composed by first-timer Dhibu Ninan Thomas with cinematography by PV Shankar and editing by Prasanna GK.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: The film was released in 16 June 2017 in Tamil and Telugu languages, the latter titled "Marakathamani".


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Senguttuvan (Aadhi) and Elango (Daniel Annie Pope) are two small-time crooks who work for a local jewel smuggler named "Nochukuppam" Ramdoss (Ramdoss). Senguttavan is attracted to a young woman Chanakya (Nikki Galrani) whom he sees every morning at the bus stop, however he never manages to speak to her. Chanakya eventually gets married, but her husband doesn't treat her well and physically and verbally abuses her in public.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Meanwhile, a Chinese businessman comes to the city looking to acquire an antique emerald medallion named "Maragatha Naanayam". This stone was owned by an ancient king named Irumporai and is rumoured to be cursed; anyone who laid their hands on the stone died due to a lorry accident, with the lorry rumoured to be driven by the spirit of King Irumporai. He hires a contractor named John (Mime Gopi), who has connections with local gangs that could do the job. He offers 10,00,00,000 for the contract, but no one is willing to do the job as they are afraid of the curse. Only Senguttavan, who is frustrated at the small-time work he is doing under Ramdoss, is interested in the offer as he wants to involve himself in something big and challenging. Elango convinces Senguttuvan to approach a local priest (Kota Srinivasa Rao) who could protect them from the curse. The priest hands Senguttavan and Elango a lemon, at which point the ghosts of the 132 people killed by the curse are revealed to them. The priest tells them that if they are going to pursue the stone, they will need to seek the help of one of the ghosts.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Back home, Senguttuvan and Elango complete the ritual to summon one of the ghosts: Elango's uncle Chidambaram. Unfortunately, before the ghost could appear, the duo is interrupted by the news that Ramdoss has died due to a heart attack. During Ramdoss's burial, the lemon accidentally slips from Senguttavan's pocket and falls on Ramdoss's hand, as a result of which Chidambaram's ghost possesses Ramdoss's body and appears in front of Senguttavan and Elango the following morning, much to their shock. The ghost decides to use three recently dead people and possess them with ghosts of three other people killed by the curse to help Senguttavan and Elango in their mission. The first is an old beggar Selvaraj (Sangili Murugan) who died in his sleep alongside the road. The second is a man (Arunraja Kamaraj) who got decapitated in a freak accident. The third happens to be Chanakya, who hanged herself. Chidambaram successfully brings two of the ghosts to their new bodies, but one of them, a Tamil teacher, has trouble staying in Selvaraj's body and keeps jumping in and out of the corpse.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Senguttuvan, Elango, and the three ghosts, now in their borrowed bodies, pursue the emerald stone. Following an initial lead, they interrogate Pandurangan (M. S. Bhaskar) while posing as the henchmen of a powerful local gang leader "Twinkle" Ramanathan (Anandaraj). This leads them to recover an emerald medallion, which turns out to be a fake. However, their methods draw the attention of Ramanathan. He previously rejected the idea of pursuing the stone but changes his mind. After realizing that they recovered a replica, the group continues to piece clues together. They find the man who made the fake, who is now on his deathbed. Before he dies, the man gives them clues to who ordered the fake medallion - a local doctor named Krishnan (Gajaraj) who happens to be one of the men killed by the curse. They find his son, who is also a doctor, and kidnap him. Before they can get him to tell them where the original medallion is, they are caught by Ramanathan's henchmen and are taken to his torture chamber. They manage to escape the torturers and eventually find the original medallion.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Despite Chidambaram's warning, Senguttuvan and Elango touch the stone and are thereby cursed. They arrange for a meeting with John and the Chinese businessman for the exchange, but on the way, they are pursued by the mysterious driverless lorry. John and the Chinese businessman are run over by the lorry and killed. Senguttuvan manages to elude the lorry initially and recover the suitcase full of money. They then run into the Tamil teacher, who is in Selvaraj's body. He tells them that they must return the stone to the King's grave to lift the curse. On the way to the gravesite, they are pursued by both the mystery lorry and Ramanathan's gang, who are hell bent on taking the stone from them. The group manages to elude both and get to the gravesite. Before they can return the stone, Ramanathan's gang shows up. Senguttavan makes a deal with Ramanathan that after he places the stone in the King's grave, he can take it, to which he agrees. Senguttuvan and Elango place the stone in the grave and are therefore released from the curse. Ramanathan has one of his henchmen recover the stone.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Having completed the job, Senguttuvan and Elango bid goodbye to the four ghosts, who release themselves from the occupied bodies. The ghost occupying Chanakya's body allows an emotional Senguttavan to hear at last the voice of Chanakya and also a declaration of love from her. After Senguttavan and Elango bid a tearful farewell to Chidambaram, all four bodies are laid to rest.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: During the credits, while Senguttavan and Elango are boarding a bus to return home, they bump into Ramanathan again, who is now on the run. He tells them as his henchman had touched the stone, he and his gang were pursued by the mysterious lorry and his henchman was killed, while he barely managed to escape. But a few minutes later, a pilgrim (Brahmanandam) who had earlier encountered Ramanathan and his gang while they were in pursuit of Senguttavan, Elango and the three ghosts, returns the stone to him, thus activating the curse on Ramanathan and the pilgrim.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: In May 2016, Axess Film Factory announced that they were making a fantasy-adventure comedy film directed by newcomer ARK.Saravan, who had worked an associate director to Ramkumar during "Mundaasupatti" (2014). Aadhi and Nikki Galrani were signed on to play the leading roles, marking their second collaboration after Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: The film's soundtrack was composed by first-timer Dhibu Ninan Thomas and the audio rights are with Think Music.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Music of the film was released on 15 March 2017, through Think Music. The audio was initially slated to release on 19 January 2017, but postponed due to the upcoming Jallikattu protests.


title: Maragadha Naanayam

text: Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "The most welcome surprise in Maragatha Naanayam is that it isn’t just a collection of gags and scares, which is all this genre really needs".


title: Gears of War 3

text: Gears of War 3 is a third-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360. It is the third installment of the "Gears of War" series. Originally due for release on April 8, 2011, the game was delayed and eventually released on September 20, 2011. The story was written by science fiction author Karen Traviss.


title: Gears of War 3

text: Like its predecessors, "Gears of War 3" received widespread critical acclaim from critics. Critics praised its story, voice acting, visuals, and music, but criticized its lack of innovation. "Gears of War 3" sold over 3 million copies and was the second best selling game in the U.S.


title: Gears of War 3

text: A sequel, not developed by Epic Games titled "Gears of War 4", was announced in June 2015 and was released on October 11, 2016.


title: Gears of War 3

text: Like its predecessors, "Gears of War 3" is a third-person shooter that emphasizes the use of cover and squad tactics in order to survive combat situations. The player's character can carry four weapons: one pistol, one set of grenades, and two primary weapons. Firearms can be swapped with other weapons dropped by fallen foes or at stockpiles throughout the game, along with ammunition. When the player reloads a weapons ammunition, they have an opportunity for an "active reload", shown by a small cursor moving over a line with a marked section on the player's heads-up display (HUD). If the player hits a control button when the cursor is in the marked section, they will reload faster with the resulting reload being slightly more powerful than normal bullets, causing more damage to opponents as well as allowing for more "knockback" meaning that enemies running directly at you will be slowed on shot. If they press the button outside this section, this temporarily jams the weapon, leaving the player vulnerable and taking longer to reload. Alternatively, the player can opt to not try for the active reload, reloading the weapon at normal speed, but with no added damage.


title: Gears of War 3

text: When in combat, the player can take some damage from enemy fire, filling a blood-colored "crimson omen" on the HUD as a measure of the player's health, unlike the traditional health bar in other shooters. By staying out of the line of fire, this will dissipate over time, but by taking too much damage, the player will become downed or killed, and must be "revived" by an ally within a short "bleed-out" period, or else the player will die, unless playing the game on Insane difficulty in which case a player will die immediately after taking too much damage without the bleed-out. The player can also be killed during the bleed-out by the use of the game's signature execution moves by the enemy. Some types of damage, such as explosives or head shots, can kill the player immediately without the bleed-out period. Similarly, the player can also cause enemies to fall into bleed-out in the same manner. The player and their allies and enemies can use nearly any structure as cover, firing blind from behind it or leaning out to take aimed shots while usually exposing their head more. Players can quickly switch between nearby covering walls or jump over lower cover to rush forward. Within "Gears of War 3", some cover can be destroyed after taking some amount of damage, which can be used to a tactical advantage to draw out enemies from cover.


title: Gears of War 3

text: New to "Gears of War 3" is the ability to tag enemy opponents; computer-controlled allies will then concentrate fire on these marked enemies, while human allies will be alerted to their location on their HUD. Players can now also swap weapons and ammunition (and money during Horde Mode) with other allies in the course of battle.


title: Gears of War 3

text: The player maintains an experience level that persists across all game modes. The player earns experience through kills, performing special types of kills and executions, reviving and aiding teammates, and through general process of the campaign or competitive modes. Players can also gain experience points by winning medals and ribbons, which are awarded for defeating enemies with certain weapons or winning several matches. Earning levels unlocks the use of special characters and weapon skins within the game's multiplayer mode.


title: Gears of War 3

text: "Gears of War 3" takes place two years after Jacinto, humanity's last stronghold, is destroyed in an effort to completely eradicate the Locust Horde. The Coalition of Ordered Governments (COG) remnants relocate to Vectes, a secluded island, in order to rebuild their civilization. The COG then disbands after Chairman Prescott mysteriously disappears and seemingly abandons his forces. A new foe, the Lambent, are threatening humanity's dwindling numbers. As the Lambent begin to invade Vectes, Marcus Fenix and his comrades retreat to the "CNV Sovereign", a helicopter carrier, and take refuge at sea, whilst Hoffman leads other survivors back to the mainland to find haven at Anvil Gate. Delta Squad now consists of Marcus Fenix, Dominic 'Dom' Santiago, Anya Stroud, Damon Baird, Augustus 'Cole Train' Cole, Jace Stratton, Clayton Carmine and Samantha 'Sam' Byrne.


title: Gears of War 3

text: "Gears of War 3" begins as Chairman Prescott unexpectedly arrives on the "Sovereign". Prescott informs Marcus Fenix he needs to relay important information to the ship's senior officer, Captain Michaelson. The Lambent then launch a surprise attack on the ship, which leaves Michaelson dead and Prescott mortally wounded. Before dying, Prescott gives Marcus an encryption to the disc that Colonel Hoffman has and reveals that his father, Adam Fenix, is still alive but captive on Azura, a secret COG base. Marcus, Dom, Cole, and Baird fight their way to the Anvil Gate Fortress, where Hoffman possesses the necessary equipment to decrypt Prescott's disc. Upon arriving at Anvil Gate, Marcus and his comrades assist Hoffman's soldiers in repelling a combined Lambent and Locust assault.


title: Gears of War 3

text: Upon further analysis of the disc's content, Marcus learns that Azura is protected by man-made hurricane generators, making the island only accessible by submarine. Marcus and his comrades, joined by old friend Dizzy Wallin, successfully find a submarine but require Imulsion to fuel it. Dom suggests they first venture to an abandoned town called Mercy, where they discover that humans are becoming Lambent. During extraction, the Gears are nearly overrun by Locust and Lambent; Dom sacrifices himself to create an explosion that wipes out the hostile forces. Demoralized, they are forced to continue their search for fuel in the city of Char after their truck runs out of fuel. The ruined city is inhabited by several Stranded civilians who are led by Griffin (voiced by Ice-T). Despite his dislike for the COG and Gears, Griffin reluctantly tasks Marcus to recover a supply of Imulsion. After acquiring the fuel they are attacked by the Locust Horde, led by Queen Myrrah. Griffin's forces sustain heavy casualties in the ensuing battle, but the Gears are ultimately able to escape and reach the shipyards where they have to fight the Locust as they repair and fuel their submarine.


title: Gears of War 3

text: Marcus' group finally arrives at Azura, discovering that it is a sanctuary and resort for Sera's most elite and powerful individuals. Adam contacts the Gears and reveals he is being held captive atop Azura's main hotel tower. Marcus's group battles through waves of hostiles before finding his father. Adam quickly explains that he has created a device capable of eradicating all Lambent and Locust life forms on Sera. Adam had worked with Myrrah before to try to tune the wave so that only Lambent would be affected, but with the Imulsion, revealed to be a parasitic lifeform, now infecting humans, Adam ran out of time, infuriating Myrrah. Marcus and his comrades defend Adam from the Locust and Lambent, and from an attack by Myrrah. Adam reveals that he had to infect himself with Lambent cells in order to test his machine. As the machine begins to pulsate with energy, Adam bids his son farewell before the device kills him. Myrrah rises from the rubble and begins insulting Adam. Marcus fatally stabs Myrrah with Dom's commando knife he got back in Mercy. Shortly afterwards, the machine emits a blue wave of energy that sweeps across Sera, destroying the Locust, Lambent, and the Imulsion. The scene transitions back to Marcus, who is mournfully wondering what humanity has left. He is comforted by Anya, who assures Marcus that the sacrifices of Adam, Dom, and their comrades have guaranteed humanity a future.


title: Gears of War 3

text: A DLC acting as a secondary single player campaign to "Gears of War 3", the player takes control of both General RAAM, the Locust's main General, and Michael Barrick of Zeta-Six from the "Gears of War" comic series set during the Evacuation of Ilima several years before the first "Gears of War" game. Other major characters include Lieutenant Minh Young Kim from "Gears of War", Tai Kailso from "Gears of War 2", new character Alicia Valera and Jace Stratton from the comics and "Gears of War 3". The main setting, the COG city of Ilima, previously briefly appeared in "Gears of War 2" as ruins.


title: Gears of War 3

text: The surviving COG city of Ilima is besieged by a coming Kryllstorm, a mass of millions of Kryll that will devour everything in their path once the city is dark enough. To speed up the Kryllstorm, Locust General RAAM leads an elite unit throughout Ilima, decimating COG resistance and summoning Seeders to black out the sky faster. Throughout the battle, RAAM is instructed by Queen Myrrah who sees taking Ilima as a stepping stone towards reaching the COG capital city of Ephyra.


title: Gears of War 3

text: At the same time, Zeta-Six is assigned to help evacuate Ilima via convoys of APCs, only to have their checkpoint attacked by massive Locust forces. Repelling multiple waves, Zeta ultimately uses the Hammer of Dawn to finish off the attacking Locust and is reassigned to help another squad defending a bank with civilian survivors inside. Zeta fails to save the other Gears and most of the civilians, but discovers a young Jace Stratton holed up inside of the bank's vault. The squad rescues Jace and escorts him to a convoy for evacuation, killing several Seeders and a Brumak to protect the convoy. At Jace's request, Zeta agrees to check out the local high school where Jace believes that there might be more survivors, including his adoptive father Dr. Wisen.