title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Citizens Bank Park is a baseball stadium located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the city's South Philadelphia Sports Complex. It is the home playing field of the Philadelphia Phillies, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. The stadium opened April 3, 2004, and hosted its first regular-season baseball game on April 12 of the same year, with the Phillies losing to the Cincinnati Reds, 4–1. It is named after Citizens Financial Group.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The ballpark was built to replace the 33-year-old, now-demolished Veterans Stadium, a multipurpose football and baseball facility that was demolished in 2004. Citizens Bank Park features a natural grass-and-dirt playing field and a number of Philadelphia-style food stands that serve cheesesteak sandwiches, hoagies, Tastykakes, soft pretzels, Yards, Yuengling beer, and many other regional specialties. The ballpark lies on the northeast corner of the Sports Complex, which includes Lincoln Financial Field, the Wells Fargo Center, and Xfinity Live!, the Center's adjacent theme park and food court. The stadium seats 42,792.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In 1999, the Phillies and the Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL joined their western Pennsylvania counterparts, the Pittsburgh Pirates and Pittsburgh Steelers, in making requests to replace both Veterans Stadium and Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh with separate baseball and football stadiums. Pressure for new Philadelphia stadiums increased after a railing collapsed at The Vet during the 1998 Army–Navy Game, injuring eight cadets. The Pirates threatened to leave Pittsburgh in 1997, helping to convince the state legislature to approve funding for the four proposed stadiums. With their architectural plans already in place, Allegheny County and the City of Pittsburgh approved the pacts swiftly, but debate in Philadelphia's city leadership continued even as Pittsburgh opened its stadiums (PNC Park for the Pirates and Heinz Field for the Steelers) in 2001. The Eagles ultimately agreed to the site of a former food warehouse slightly southeast of Veterans Stadium. Lincoln Financial Field celebrated its grand opening in August 2003.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The Phillies originally sought to build a downtown ballpark similar to Baltimore's, Denver's, Cincinnati's, Cleveland's, Detroit's and San Francisco's. Various locations were proposed, including Broad and Spring Garden streets; Spring Garden and Delaware Avenue; and next to 30th Street Station on the site of the former main post office. The team and the city announced that the site would be at 13th and Vine streets in Chinatown, just north of Interstate 676, within walking distance of Center City. There was considerable support for a downtown ball park from business and labor and the city at large. But Chinatown residents protested, fearing a new ballpark would destroy their neighborhood. The City and team eventually settled on building at the South Philadelphia Sports Complex on the site of another abandoned food warehouse. In the years that followed, residents, fans, and owner Bill Giles expressed regret that the new ball park was not located in Center City Philadelphia. Regardless of location, however, the team set attendance records in 2010 (3,647,249 fans, averaging 45,028) with all home games sold out for the first time in the team's long history (81), extending a sellout streak dating back to July of 2009 to 123.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Chief architect of the new stadium was EwingCole's Stanley Cole. Unveiling of the new park's design and ground breaking ceremonies took place on June 28, 2001. Following the game that evening, the location of the left-field foul pole, from home plate, was unveiled at the outset of the team's annual Fourth of July fireworks display. On June 17, 2003, Citizens Bank agreed to a 25-year, US $95 million deal for the park's naming rights and advertising on billboards, telecasts, radio broadcasts, and publications. The ballpark was officially topped off on August 12, 2003, and opened in April 2004.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Shortly after the park opened in 2004, the bullpens were reassigned so the Phillies' pitchers used the lower pen and visitors used the upper pen. This was done to give Phillies' pitchers a better view of the game and to protect them from heckling by fans. However, the team forgot to rewire the bullpen phones after the bullpens were reassigned, so during the first game, the dugout coaches had to communicate with the bullpens by hand signals.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In its first years, Citizens Bank Park allowed 218 home runs in 2004 and 201 in 2005. More than half of those home runs were to left-field. Following the 2005 season, the left-field wall was moved back .


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Even with these modifications, the park has a reputation as one of the most hitter-friendly parks in baseball. In 2009, it gave up 149 home runs, the most in the National League and second in the majors behind only the new Yankee Stadium, but has been neutral since, with a .997 park factor in 2011.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Behind center field is Ashburn Alley, named after Phillies Hall of Fame center fielder Richie Ashburn, who played for the team from 1948 to 1959 and was a Phillies broadcaster from 1963 until his death in 1997. It is seen by Phillies fans as a compromise between the Phillies and their fans, many of whom wanted Citizens Bank Park named in honor of Ashburn.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Ashburn Alley is named for the slightly-overgrown grass which bordered the third base line at Shibe Park where Ashburn was famous for laying down bunts that stayed fair. The new Ashburn Alley, located near Ashburn's defensive position, is a walkway featuring restaurants, games and memorabilia from Phillies history. Ashburn Alley also features a memorabilia shop and a large bronze statue of Ashburn directly behind center field, as well as the U.S. flag, the flags of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia, a POW/MIA flag and the flags from the Phillies' championships (below).


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In 2004 and 2005, organist Paul Richardson performed from Ashburn Alley, as Citizens Bank Park was built without an organ booth.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Besides the Richie Ashburn statue in Ashburn Alley, statues of three other famous Phillies—Robin Roberts (at the First Base Gate), Mike Schmidt (at the Third Base Gate) and Steve Carlton (at the Left Field Gate)—ring the outside of the facility. Each of the statues were made by local sculptor Zenos Frudakis and cast at Laran Bronze in nearby Chester. Other art found throughout the park includes tile mosaics, murals and terrazzo floors with outlined images of famous players in Phillies history.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In April 2011, the Phillies accepted a gift of a fan-underwritten bronze statue of legendary broadcaster Harry Kalas. Created by noted local sculptor Lawrence Nowlan and cast at Laran Bronze, it was placed behind Section 141, near the restaurant that bears Kalas' name, after a dedication held on August 16, 2011 prior to that night's game against the Arizona Diamondbacks. The statue was unveiled two days later than originally scheduled (the originally-scheduled date is on a plaque on the ground below the statue) because of a rained-out game between the Phillies and the Washington Nationals.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The Philadelphia Phillies are the first Major League Baseball team to join the Environmental Protection Agency's Green Power Partnership Program which motivates organizations across the world to purchase green power in order to minimize environmental impact. The Phillies announced on April 30, 2008, that their home field, Citizens Bank Park, will be powered with 20 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of green energy purchased in Green-e Energy Certified Renewable Certificates (RECs). The EPA stated that this purchase holds the record in professional sports for the largest purchase of 100% renewable energy.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The Phillies are among the top three purchasers of green power in Philadelphia, and the executive director of the Center for Resource Solutions, Arthur O'Donnell, wants "other clubs to take their lead." Aramark Corporation is the Phillies' food and beverage provider at Citizens Bank Park and they are taking major actions in improving the environmental impact of the Phillies' stadium. Glass, cardboard and plastics used during game day are recycled; frying oil is being recycled to produce biodiesel fuel, and biodegradable, recyclable, and compostable products, serviceware, and plastics have been introduced.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: On January 2, 2012, Citizens Bank Park hosted the fifth annual NHL Winter Classic between long time division rivals New York Rangers and Philadelphia Flyers before an SRO crowd of 46,967. The game, which was televised throughout the United States and Canada by NBC and CBC respectively, was won by the Rangers, 3–2. Two days earlier, on New Year's Eve, 45,667 attended an alumni game played between teams made up of former who had retired from the NHL between the 1970s and 2011 of which eight (four on each team) were also members of the Hockey Hall of Fame. The Flyers' starting goalie for the game, which was won by the Flyers alumni, 3–1, was Hall of Famer Bernie Parent. He made his first since his playing career ended prematurely due to an eye injury suffered during a game against the Rangers played at the neighboring (although since demolished) Spectrum in February 1979.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Four days after the 2012 NHL Winter Classic game, a third sell out crowd of 45,663 filled the Park on January 6 to watch the Flyers' AHL farm team, the Adirondack Phantoms, defeat the Hershey Bears, 4–3, in overtime. That crowd exceeded by a factor of more than two the previous largest gathering (21,673) to ever attend an AHL game since the league was established in 1936. With the normal 43,651 baseball seating capacity of the Park having been increased by more than 3,000 with the installation of built over the bullpen area in center field, the trio of outdoor hockey games drew a combined total of 138,296 over the week of Winter Classic events.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The first concert at the park was Jimmy Buffett & The Coral Reefer Band on August 25, 2005; they returned on June 14, 2008.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The Eagles, The Dixie Chicks and Keith Urban were scheduled to perform on June 14, 2010, but the show was cancelled.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Dan Baker, public address announcer for the Phillies since 1972, continues to introduce the players. During each player's first at-bat, Baker, in an excited voice, says, "Now batting for the Phillies, number (#), (position), (player's name)".


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: For example, a first at-bat introduction would have Baker say, "Now batting for the Phillies, number 11, shortstop Jimmy Rollins!" During subsequent at-bats, players are only announced by their position and name, for example, "Phillies first baseman, Ryan Howard!"


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: Baker only uses the city of the opposing team when he announces their players rather than the team nickname, for example, "Now batting for Atlanta, number ten, third baseman Chipper Jones", and makes the announcement in a more-subdued tone.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In 2004 and 2005, Citizens Bank Park installed Daktronics video and message displays in the park. One of the largest incandescent displays in Major League Baseball was installed in left field that was used as a scoreboard and for giving statistics. There are also out-of-town field-level displays installed in the park that measure approximately high by wide. During the 2010–2011 offseason, the Phillies replaced their incandescent scoreboard with a new HD scoreboard that cost $10 million. The new screen measures high and wide, which nearly triples the size of the old screen, and is the second largest HD screen in the National League, after the San Diego Padres' PETCO Park screen (61 ft. high and 124 ft. wide).


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: The food at CBP was named as Best Ballpark Food in a survey of Food Network viewers in the first annual "Food Network Awards" which first aired on April 22, 2007.


title: Citizens Bank Park

text: In 2007, PETA rated Citizens Bank Park as America's most vegetarian-friendly ballpark; the stadium was given the same honor in five of the next seven years as well.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory is the fifth studio album and first concept album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on October 26, 1999 through Elektra Records. It was recorded at BearTracks Studios in Suffern, New York, where the band had previously recorded their second studio album "Images and Words" (1992) and the EP "A Change of Seasons" (1995).


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: The album is the sequel to "", a song previously featured on the band's 1992 album "Images and Words". It was also the first album to feature Jordan Rudess on keyboards.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: For the album's twentieth anniversary, the band performed the album live in its entirety throughout the Distance over Time Tour. (as documented on Distant Memories - Live in London)


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: Fans had previously requested a sequel to the first part of the song "Metropolis—Part I" from "Images and Words", but the band had not yet been able - nor had they originally intended - to make one. The name "Part I" was added by Petrucci as a joke. With the sessions for "Falling Into Infinity" (1997), the band recorded a 21-minute instrumental demo of "Metropolis Pt. 2" (which was later released by Mike Portnoy via his Ytsejam Records site along with the other "Falling Into Infinity" demos), but this did not make it onto that album. The demo, which included several musical citations from "Metropolis—Part I" and featured many motifs that would later appear on "Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory" (most notably the majority of "Overture 1928" and "Strange Deja Vu" and parts of "The Dance of Eternity" and "One Last Time"), was however significantly different from the finished album version in most parts.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: After participating with keyboardist Jordan Rudess in Liquid Tension Experiment, a supergroup composed of various members of famous progressive rock bands, Mike Portnoy and John Petrucci found themselves writing music and working together with Rudess quite easily. They convinced the rest of the band to offer Rudess the position of full-time keyboardist for the band's upcoming album. He accepted, and current keyboardist Derek Sherinian was fired from the band via a conference call between the four members in New York and him in Los Angeles (Portnoy and Petrucci have stated that while it was an uncomfortable and unattractive situation, they didn't want to ask Derek to fly out from L.A. to New York only to be fired).


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: After his departure, the band went back to BearTracks Studios in Suffern, New York to record their new album, previously the site of recording for "Images and Words" (a photograph of Beartracks is featured on the album's back cover, meant to represent the house in the album). After the commercial failure of "Falling Into Infinity", their record label gave the band free rein over their new album's direction, which led the band to finally finish the story. The final version of the story became a concept album, dealing with the story of a man named Nicholas and the discovery of his past life, which involves love, murder and infidelity as Victoria Page, and as such was heavily inspired by the 1991 film "Dead Again," more so than the original "Metropolis—Part I".


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: Following the album's release, the band embarked on an extensive world tour, and at a show in New York City the band actually hired actors to perform the narrative elements of the album whilst they played. The performance was recorded and was released in 2001 as the "Metropolis 2000" Live DVD. In 2011 the album was released on LP for the first time to celebrate Record Store Day. In 2019, the twentieth anniversary of the release of "Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory", Dream Theater performed it live in its entirety alongside material from their fourteenth studio album, "Distance over Time". The Distance over Time tour was documented as well and released in November 2020.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: "Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory" opens to Nicholas, a troubled man going through past life regression therapy. In a hypnotic trance induced by his hypnotherapist, he begins to see a girl named Victoria Page (her full name is in the CD booklet and was shown during the 2019 tour, when the album was performed in its entirety) and a life that feels strangely familiar, despite the fact that he has never been here. ("Regression") He learns that she was murdered, and that he was Victoria in a past life. ("Strange Deja Vu") He begins to believe that Victoria is haunting him to reveal the truth about her murder. ("Through My Words") Nicholas is able to recall that Victoria began distancing herself from her lover Julian Baynes (also given last name in 2019 tour video and is also in the CD insert) because of his drinking and gambling addictions; she sought comfort in Julian's brother Edward Baynes and began an affair with him. Nicholas assumes that Julian murdered her out of jealousy and then killed himself, a story backed up by a newspaper article covering the events, which cites a witness' testimony. However, Nicholas begins to doubt this series of events, and converses with an older man who was more familiar with the case (an animated video that played during "Fatal Tragedy" on the 2019 tour heavily suggests he is a reincarnated Julian). He realizes that he will never be able to get on with his own life until he solves her murder. ("Fatal Tragedy"; "Beyond This Life", "Through Her Eyes")


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: The second act begins by describing Julian's addictions to cocaine and gambling, which drives Victoria away from him. ("Home") Edward feels guilty about deceiving his brother, but decides that his love for Victoria is greater than his guilt, and he seduces her when she is vulnerable following her breakup. ("The Dance of Eternity") After visiting Edward's old house, Nicholas believes he has solved the mystery: Julian had tried to beg Victoria for forgiveness, and when rebuffed, killed both her and Edward, and positioned himself as the witness in the newspaper article. ("One Last Time") Nicholas comes to terms with what has happened, and bids farewell to Victoria. The hypnotherapist ends the session at this point, despite pleas from Victoria's memories. ("The Spirit Carries On") The narrative then cuts to Edward's perspective, revealing that he wished his romance with Victoria was more than a simple affair. As Victoria begins to reconcile with Julian again, Edward confronts the two of them, murders them, then stages the scene and assumes the role of the witness for the newspaper column. The flashback includes Edward telling Victoria to "open [her] eyes" before killing her, echoing the same choice of words the hypnotherapist used to wake Nicholas from his hypnotic trance. ("Finally Free") In the present, Nicholas arrives home, followed by the Hypnotherapist. Nicholas is startled by another request to "open [his] eyes", before the album cuts to (and concludes on) phonographic static. The band confirmed on the that the hypnotherapist is Edward's reincarnation, and has killed Nicholas to complete the cycle yet again.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: The static that closes this album continues at the beginning of "The Glass Prison", the first song on their next album, "Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence" (2002), and continuing a chain for their subsequent albums until "Octavarium" (2005) with the same idea but different closing notes.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: "Scenes from a Memory" showcased a traditional progressive rock sound. According to the "Making of Scenes from a Memory" video, some of the influences for Metropolis Pt. 2 are the following concept albums: the Who's "Tommy", Genesis' "The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway", Roger Waters' "Amused to Death", Radiohead's "OK Computer", Queensryche's "", the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", Marillion's "Misplaced Childhood" and Pink Floyd's "The Wall" and "The Final Cut". These albums are shown on a table Mike calls "Inspiration Corner".


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: "Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory" reached #73 on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart, #2 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums, #6 on the Finnish Albums Chart and #8 on the German Albums Chart. The album received acclaim from a variety of sources. It was ranked number 95 on the October 2006 issue of "Guitar World" magazine's list of "The greatest 100 guitar albums of all time". It is ranked as the 15th Greatest Concept Album (as of March 2003) by "Classic Rock Magazine". The German "Rock Hard" magazine voted it "Album of the Month", giving a perfect score, and eventually ranked it number 410 in their book "The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time" in 2005.


title: Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory

text: In 2012, the readers of "Rolling Stone" voted the album into the #1 position of their "Your Favorite Prog Rock Albums of All Time" poll. "Scenes from a Memory" was ranked by the same magazine at #29 in their list "50 Greatest Prog Rock Albums of All Time."


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: Leopoldstadt is a play by Sir Tom Stoppard, originally directed by Patrick Marber, which premiered on 25 January 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre in London's West End. The play is set among the Jewish community of Vienna in the first half of the 20th century and follows the lives of "a prosperous Jewish family who had fled the pogroms in the East". According to Stoppard, the play "took a year to write, but the gestation was much longer. Quite a lot of it is personal to me, but I made it about a Viennese family so that it wouldn't seem to be about me." All four of Stoppard's Jewish grandparents died in Nazi concentration camps. On 2 October 2022, the production opened on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre with Marber directing.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: A National Theatre Live recording was screened in over 380 cinemas on 27 January (Holocaust Memorial Day), 2022 and topped that night's UK and Ireland box office. The play's second preview performance had also taken place on Holocaust Memorial Day, in 2020, when each audience member was given a memorial candle as they left the theatre.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: Patrick Marber, who worked with Stoppard on the revival of "Travesties" in London and New York, commented that "It's a big company play which as a director is incredibly exciting to do. It's got the lot." During rehearsals he "instituted a fabulous regime of lectures" given by cast members, allotting each a subject relevant to the play's themes to investigate.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: "Leopoldstadt"'s original run at Wyndham's — which had no seat unsold at any performance — was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the production temporarily shut down on 16 March 2020. On 25 October 2020 "Leopoldstadt" won the Olivier Award for American Airlines' Best New Play, and Adrian Scarborough won for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. After Covid restrictions were lifted in England the play re-opened and ran from 7 August to 30 October 2021.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: Stoppard told BBC Radio 4 that "Leopoldstadt" may be his last play — though in October 2021 he acknowledged, in a CNN interview with Christiane Amanpour, that he was reconsidering: “I'm a playwright, by more than, as it were, labeling. I feel like somebody who writes plays while they're still alive.”


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: The Wyndham's production's set design was by Richard Hudson, costumes by Brigitte Reiffenstuel, lighting by Neil Austin, sound and original music by Adam Cork and movement by EJ Boyle. "Leopoldstadt" is the sixth collaboration between Sonia Friedman Productions and Stoppard. The 41 actors performing in the 2020 production were cast by Amy Ball (adults) and Verity Naughton (children). The initial cast list was announced on 25 October 2019 and included Adrian Scarborough, Alexis Zegerman, Luke Thallon and Stoppard's son, Ed.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: The play had its North American premiere on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre when it started previews on 14 September 2022 and opened on 2 October. Its originally intended North American premiere was to have taken place at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto, for a seven-week engagement with the London cast, however it was announced that the run would no longer go ahead because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The theatre's owner, David Mirvish, said "... I'm not giving up on "Leopoldstadt". I'm determined to present this magnificent play in Toronto sometime in the future when it is safe to do so."


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: "Leopoldstadt" frames the narrative of a Jewish family in Vienna over a period of some 50 years. The main set is the drawing room of a wealthy family. There are five acts occurring in the years 1899, 1900, 1924, 1938 and 1955.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: A performance of the play, recorded towards the end of its second run, was screened in UK cinemas (and some international locations) on 27 January 2022 (Holocaust Memorial Day) through NTLive.


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: The play has been generally well received. Theatre critic and journalist Dominic Cavendish wrote in "The Telegraph", "So here it is. Tom Stoppard's last play. Very possibly. Britain's greatest living dramatist has said that "Leopoldstadt" is likely to be the end of the road – given his age (82) and how long it takes him to write. Almost every major work he has produced since he burst onto the scene with his "Hamlet" spin-off "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead" in 1966 has been met with high anticipation."


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: Whilst Lloyd Evans wrote in "The Spectator", "History will record "Leopoldstadt" as Tom Stoppard's "Schindler's List". His brilliant tragic-comic play opens in the Jewish quarter of Vienna in 1899. We meet a family of intellectuals and businessmen who are celebrating their very first Christmas. (...) At press night, the critics were busy scribbling one-liners which are destined to reach the dictionary of quotations. ‘Why do Jews have to choose between pushy and humble?’ ‘Today's modern is tomorrow's nostalgia: we missed Mahler when we heard Schoenberg.’"


title: Leopoldstadt (play)

text: Greg Evans wrote in "Deadline" that with "Leopoldstadt" Stoppard delivered "a late career masterpiece." Evans added that "any summary of scenes and timeline descriptions of "Leopoldstadt" can’t begin to convey the richness of Stoppard’s work," noting that "mathematics, not surprisingly, comes into play, as it so often does with Stoppard, but so too does Zionism and modern art and so many other aspects of 20th Century political history that "Leopoldstadt" can at times seem like a right and proper companion piece to Ken Burns’ wonderful "The U.S. and The Holocaust" documentary."


title: Transfer learning

text: Transfer learning (TL) is a research problem in machine learning (ML) that focuses on storing knowledge gained while solving one problem and applying it to a different but related problem. For example, knowledge gained while learning to recognize cars could apply when trying to recognize trucks. This area of research bears some relation to the long history of psychological literature on transfer of learning, although practical ties between the two fields are limited. From the practical standpoint, reusing or transferring information from previously learned tasks for the learning of new tasks has the potential to significantly improve the sample efficiency of a reinforcement learning agent.


title: Transfer learning

text: In 1976, Stevo Bozinovski and Ante Fulgosi published a paper explicitly addressing transfer learning in neural networks training. The paper gives a mathematical and geometrical model of transfer learning. In 1981, a report was given on the application of transfer learning in training a neural network on a dataset of images representing letters of computer terminals. Both positive and negative transfer learning was experimentally demonstrated.


title: Transfer learning

text: In 1993, Lorien Pratt published a paper on transfer in machine learning, formulating the discriminability-based transfer (DBT) algorithm.


title: Transfer learning

text: In 1997, Pratt and Sebastian Thrun guest edited a special issue of "Machine Learning" devoted to transfer learning, and by 1998, the field had advanced to include multi-task learning, along with a more formal analysis of its theoretical foundations. "Learning to Learn", edited by Thrun and Pratt, is a 1998 review of the subject.


title: Transfer learning

text: Transfer learning has also been applied in cognitive science, with Pratt also guest editing an issue of "Connection Science" on reuse of neural networks through transfer in 1996.


title: Transfer learning

text: Andrew Ng said in his NIPS 2016 tutorial that TL will be the next driver of ML commercial success after supervised learning to highlight the importance of TL.


title: Transfer learning

text: In the 2020 paper "Rethinking Pre-Training and self-training", Zoph et al. show that pre-training can hurt accuracy, and advocate self-training instead.


title: Transfer learning

text: The definition of transfer learning is given in terms of domains and tasks. A domain formula_1 consists of: a feature space formula_2 and a marginal probability distribution formula_3, where formula_4. Given a specific domain, formula_5, a task consists of two components: a label space formula_6 and an objective predictive function formula_7. The function formula_8 is used to predict the corresponding label formula_9 of a new instance formula_10. This task, denoted by formula_11, is learned from the training data consisting of pairs formula_12, where formula_13 and formula_14.


title: Transfer learning

text: Given a source domain formula_15 and learning task formula_16, a target domain formula_17and learning task formula_18, where formula_19, or formula_20, transfer learning aims to help improve the learning of the target predictive function formula_21 in formula_17 using the knowledge in formula_15 and formula_16.


title: Transfer learning

text: Algorithms are available for transfer learning in Markov logic networks and Bayesian networks. Transfer learning has also been applied to cancer subtype discovery, building utilization, general game playing, text classification, digit recognition, medical imaging and spam filtering.


title: Transfer learning

text: In 2020 it was discovered that, due to their similar physical natures, transfer learning is possible between electromyographic (EMG) signals from the muscles and classifying the behaviors of electroencephalographic (EEG) brainwaves, from the gesture recognition domain to the mental state recognition domain. It was also noted that this relationship worked vice versa, showing that EEG can likewise be used to classify EMG. The experiments noted that the accuracy of neural networks and convolutional neural networks were improved through transfer learning at both the first epoch (prior to any learning, ie. compared to standard random weight distribution) and the asymptote (the end of the learning process). That is, algorithms are improved by exposure to another domain. Moreover, the end-user of a pre-trained model can change the structure of fully-connected layers to achieve superior performance.


title: Transfer learning

text: In the domain of machine learning on code, it has been shown that transfer learning is useful for automatically repairing security vulnerabilities.


title: Transfer learning

text: Several compilations of transfer learning and domain adaptation algorithms have been implemented over the past decades:


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: The Shadow is a 1994 American superhero film from Universal Pictures, produced by Martin Bregman, Willi Bear, and Michael Scott Bregman, and directed by Russell Mulcahy. It stars Alec Baldwin, supported by John Lone, Penelope Ann Miller, Peter Boyle, Ian McKellen, Jonathan Winters, and Tim Curry. The film is based on the pulp fiction character of the same name created in 1931 by Walter B. Gibson.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: The film was released to theaters on July 1, 1994, received mixed reviews, and was a commercial failure.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Following the First World War, Lamont Cranston sets himself up as a drug kingpin and warlord in Tibet. The Tulku, a holy man who exhibits otherworldly powers, abducts Cranston and offers him a chance to become a force for good. Cranston initially refuses and is attacked by the Tulku's Phurba, a mystical flying dagger. Ultimately, Cranston becomes the Tulku's student and learns how to hypnotize others and bend their perceptions so that he becomes invisible, save for his shadow.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Cranston returns to New York City seven years later and resumes his former life as a wealthy playboy, while secretly operating as The Shadow—a vigilante who terrorizes the city's underworld. He recruits some of those he saves from criminals to act as his agents, providing him with information and specialist knowledge. His identity is largely unknown, especially to his Uncle Wainwright, who happens to be the Police Commissioner of New York, who he has to regularly hypnotize in order to keep the police from interfering with him. Cranston's secret identity is endangered upon meeting Margo Lane, a socialite who is also telepathic.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Shiwan Khan, a powerful rogue protégé of the Tulku, arrives in New York inside Genghis Khan's sarcophagus. As Khan's last descendant, Shiwan plans to fulfill his ancestor's ambitions of world domination. He proposes an alliance to Cranston, who refuses. After acquiring a rare coin from Khan, Cranston learns that it is made of bronzium, a metal that could be used for nuclear fission, and that Margo's father Reinhardt—a scientist working on energy research for the War Department—has become uncharacteristically reclusive and aloof. Cranston deduces that Khan has compelled Reinhardt to create an atomic bomb.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Khan hypnotizes Margo and commands her to kill The Shadow. Cranston breaks Khan's hypnotic hold on her, but she learns his secret identity. Reinhardt's assistant Farley Claymore allies with Khan to produce a working bomb, which Khan uses to hold New York at ransom. The Shadow eventually discovers Khan's location: the luxurious Hotel Monolith, a building that Khan has rendered forgotten and invisible to the city's inhabitants. Entering the hotel for a showdown with Khan, The Shadow is subdued by the Phurba before he turns it against Khan, disrupting Khan's hypnotic control over Reinhardt and the city. While Margo and Reinhardt disarm the bomb, The Shadow pursues Khan through the hotel and defeats him by hurling a broken shard of glass into his frontal lobe.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Khan awakens in the padded cell of a mental hospital. One of the doctors tells Khan that they were able to save his life by removing a part of his brain, nullifying Khan's psychic abilities. Cranston and Margo begin a relationship and join forces to fight the criminal underworld.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Producer Martin Bregman bought the rights to "The Shadow" in 1982. Robert Zemeckis had been involved with a film adaptation in the 1980s, while Sam Raimi's pitch was ignored. Universal allowed Raimi to develop an original treatment inspired by The Shadow in 1987 with the development of "Darkman". David Koepp had listened to the radio serial of "The Shadow" as a child, when CBS re-ran it on Sunday nights. Koepp was hired in 1990 to write a new draft, and was able to find the right tone that the studio liked. Bregman remembers, 'Some of them were light, some of them were darker, and others were supposedly funnier – which they weren't. It just didn’t work.' Koepp's script relied predominantly on the pulp novels while taking the overall tone from the radio show, with the actual plot originated by Koepp himself in consultation with Bregman.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: In an attempt to differentiate "The Shadow" from other superhero films of the time, Koepp 'focused on the copy line, 'Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men?' and wondered how [the Shadow] knew what evil lurks in the hearts of men. And I decided that perhaps it was because he was uncomfortably familiar with the evil in his own heart.' For Koepp, the film then became 'a story of guilt and atonement'. He picked Shiwan Khan as the film’s villain because 'he was bold and he knew what he was doing – he wanted to conquer the world. That was very simple, maybe a little ambitious, but he knew exactly what he wanted.' He had always been a fan of Alec Baldwin and wrote the script with him in mind: 'He has the eyes and the voice; he had so much of what I pictured Cranston being.' Koepp also sat in on rehearsals and incorporated a lot of the actor’s humor into the script.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: "The Shadow" was shot on the Universal backlot in Hollywood on five sound-stages over sixty days with a five-day mini-unit tour of location shooting, and a week lost when an earthquake destroyed the Hall of Mirrors set. Mulcahy said, 'There are a lot of FX in this film, but it's not a FX film. It's a character/story-driven film. The FX are part of the story.'


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: "The Shadow" uses a mix of traditional practical and optical effects alongside computer-generated imagery.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: The original score for "The Shadow" was composed by Jerry Goldsmith, who used his (at the time) signature music style for big orchestra, supported by a prominent percussion section, and musical effects with the help of instruments, especially synthesizers. Among the leitmotifs of his score are a romantically dark, yet lush heroic melodic main theme for the protagonist, which is accompanied by several secondary themes. For the antagonist, rather than a fully developed theme, Goldsmith used a musical effect in horns and synthesizers imitating a howling sound, a technique that would later echo in his scores for "The Ghost and the Darkness" (1996) and "The Edge" (1997).


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: For the album and end credits, Taylor Dayne performed the Jim Steinman-composed song "Original Sin". This had originally appeared on the album of the same name, recorded by the female group Pandora's Box. Diane Warren also composed a period-style big-band piece, "Some Kind of Mystery", performed by Sinoa during the film's first nightclub scene.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: The Arista Records label released the soundtrack album in 1994. It featured selections from Goldsmith's score and the songs from the film, "Original Sin" appearing in two different versions.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: In 2012, Intrada released a two-CD set that features the world premiere of the entire soundtrack composed by Goldsmith, and (among other bonus tracks) the complete original album cut on the second disc.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: A video game version of "The Shadow" for the Super NES was developed to tie in with the 1994 film, but was never released (despite being completed) due to the film's disappointing box-office gross.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Midway (under the "Bally" label) released a Shadow-themed pinball machine in 1994. Brian Eddy (of "Attack From Mars" and "Medieval Madness" fame) designed the game. It was his first pinball game design, and it was moderately successful. Dan Forden composed its original music.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: "The Shadow" was meant to be a summer blockbuster and the starting point for a new film franchise with toy, game, and clothing lines. It suffered from competition for its target audience with, among others, "The Lion King" (earlier during its run) and "The Mask" (later on), and was ultimately a financial failure. The film started off strongly, debuting at No. 2, but failed to sustain any momentum, and grossed $32 million domestically, with a worldwide total of $48 million against a budget of $40 million. The planned franchise never materialized.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 34%, based on reviews from 50 critics. The website's consensus states: 'Bringing a classic pulp character to the big screen, "The Shadow" features impressive visual effects, but the story ultimately fails to strike a memorable chord.' On Metacritic it has a score of 50% based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B" on scale of A to F.


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Brian Lowry of Variety wrote, that despite similarities, the Shadow "lacks the visceral appeal of Batman and won't strike the same chord."


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the film a grade 'D', adding: 'The trouble with setting a special-effects fantasy in the low-tech ’20s is that unless the American-kitsch elements are injected with something approaching Steven Spielberg's speedy bravado, we become all too aware that the actors are simply standing around B-movie sets spouting cardboard dialogue.' ("Entertainment Weekly" would later place the film on its list of the "21 Worst Comic-Book Movies Ever".)


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Michael Wilmington, writing for the "Chicago Tribune", gave his take on the film: ""The Shadow" shows what can happen when you overdress pulp. You wind up with something gorgeous and suffocated, bejeweled trash floundering in its over-splendid stuffings." Roger Ebert, writing for the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, and said: 'If you respond to film noir, if you like dark streets and women with scarlet lips and big fast cars with running boards, the look of this movie will work some kind of magic.'


title: The Shadow (1994 film)

text: Jack Yeovil of Empire Magazine gave it 3 out 5 and called it "A pleasant, eye-pleasing movie" he further praises the production design and effects, "but the plot never really gels, and for an action fantasy is rather cold".


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: Vikki LaMotta (January 23, 1930 – January 25, 2005), born Beverly Thailer, was an American model and author, most known as the second wife of champion boxer Jake LaMotta, during his peak years of success, during which time Vikki became a celebrity.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: In the 1990s, she wrote an autobiography, but requested it not be released until after her death due to the information revealed in the book. After she died in 2005, "Knockout!: The Sexy, Violent, Extraordinary Life of Vikki LaMotta" was released in 2006.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: Producer Roderick Powell acquired the rights to adapt her autobiography into a biopic on January 6, 2021.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: She was born in the Bronx, the daughter of Abraham Lucien and Margaret 'Ruth' Thailer. She grew up in poverty because of her father’s gambling and frequent losses. She had several siblings, including two sisters, Phyllis and Patricia. Her paternal grandparents were immigrants from Romania. Her father was strict and her mother did not intervene. For example, her father once cut off all of Vikki's hair to deter what he perceived as sexual attention.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: When she was 16 she married 24 year old Jake LaMotta, after becoming pregnant with his child. She had met him the previous year at a community pool while he was still married to his first wife. It was Vikki's first marriage. After LaMotta retired from boxing, the family moved to Miami, Florida. They divorced in 1957 after 11 years of marriage in which he was physically abusive. When Jake's boxing career had started to slow down, his drinking increased and he began taking out his anger on Vikki becoming more controlling of her. At 27, Vikki left the marriage taking her three small children with her. They had a daughter Christi and two sons, Jake Jr. and Joseph. Both sons died in 1998 with Jake Jr. dying from liver cancer in February and Joseph in an airplane crash that September.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: She is known for her work as a model. She later posed for a nude pictorial in "Playboy" magazine in November 1981 at age 51. In her later years, she lent her name to a cosmetics line and appeared in commercials for Vikki LaMotta Cosmetics.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: She was portrayed by actress Cathy Moriarty in the 1980 film "Raging Bull". Moriarty was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Vikki.


title: Vikki LaMotta

text: She died six months following open-heart surgery in Boca Raton, Florida on January 25, 2005, two days after her 75th birthday. She is survived by her daughter, Christi LaMotta.


title: Baoding balls

text: Baoding balls () are metal balls small enough to hold in one hand. They are also known as Chinese "balls for ball practice" exercise balls, Chinese health balls, Chinese meditation balls, and Chinese medicine balls. Baoding balls are used by rotating two or more balls repeatedly in the hand. Intended to improve finger dexterity, relax the hand, or aid in the recovery of muscle strength and motor skills after surgery, Baoding balls work similarly to Western stress balls.


title: Baoding balls

text: The first Baoding balls were likely created in Hebei, China, during the Ming dynasty. Formerly, they were usually called "iron balls", as they were originally made of iron. Baoding balls continue to be produced there.


title: Baoding balls

text: As metalworking advanced, "iron balls" became more popular. Construction methods varied. Most Baoding balls consist of a pair of hollow spheres, each containing a chime that rings when an inner ball strikes the outer sphere. Many modern examples are decorated with cloisonné and brass wire; these are essentially decorative since they easily chip when dropped or rubbed together. Baoding balls can also be made of solid jade, agate, marble, and other types of stone.


title: Baoding balls

text: Hollow balls are generally more suitable for therapeutic use due to their lighter weight. Heavier balls of iron, steel or tungsten carbide require more effort for rotation. These are mainly used to build strength by resistance training.


title: Baoding balls

text: The basic exercise consists of holding a pair of Baoding balls in the palm of one hand, rotating them (switching the relative position of the two balls) while maintaining constant contact between them.


title: Baoding balls

text: Once this technique has been mastered, the rotation speed can be gradually increased until the balls separate in the hand. Eventually one hand can learn to rotate them completely without the balls making contact with each other. Exercises have been developed involving more balls, where the main technique is to avoid contact with the other balls. This requires using a finger, usually the index finger, as a divider.


title: Baoding balls

text: An average user should be able to start with a 45mm (1.8 in) ball and move up to 60mm (2.4 in) as their muscles get accustomed to the exercise. Larger Baoding balls between 70mm and 100mm (2.8in to 3.9in) can be used. Keeping larger balls separate while rotating them is an advanced skill.


title: Baoding balls

text: The area of the hand exercised can be varied, altering the part of the hand they rotate over, or changing the orbit of the balls so that more force is exerted on a particular finger or finger joints.


title: Baoding balls

text: Well-known strongmen such as John Brookfield used shot put balls as Baoding balls, rotating them to develop forearm muscles and improve their grip.


title: Baoding balls

text: Though unsupported by scientific evidence, baoding balls are thought to exercise hand muscles, improve brain function and reduce stress when used as alternative medicine to stimulate the acupuncture points on the hand.


title: Baoding balls

text: Baoding balls are often used in physical therapy to exercise the soft tissues of the hand, wrist, and arm.


title: Blair Witch

text: Blair Witch is an American horror media franchise created by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez, distributed by Artisan Entertainment (now Lionsgate) and produced by Haxan Films that consists of three feature films and various additional media. The development of the franchise's first installment, "The Blair Witch Project", started in 1993. Myrick and Sanchez wrote a 35-page outline of a story with the dialogue to be improvised. Filming began in 1997 and lasted eight days. The film follows the disappearance of three student filmmakers in the woods near Burkittsville, Maryland, while shooting a documentary on the local legend known as the "Blair Witch".


title: Blair Witch

text: After premiering at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival, the film was released on July 30, 1999, after months of publicity during a controversial promotional campaign. The film went on to be a massive commercial success, and a sequel, "", was released on October 27, 2000. A second official sequel, "Blair Witch", was released on September 16, 2016. Series of video games, books, novels and comic books were released to accompany the films.


title: Blair Witch

text: The backstory for the film is a fictional legend created by Myrick and Sanchez which is detailed in "The Curse of the Blair Witch", a mockumentary broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel in 1999 prior to the release of "The Blair Witch Project". Sanchez and Myrick also maintained a website at BlairWitch.com which added further details to the legend.


title: Blair Witch

text: The fictional tale describes the murders and disappearances of some of the residents of Blair, Maryland, the fictitious former name of Burkittsville, Maryland, from the 18th to the 20th century. According to the legend, residents always blame these occurrences on the ghost of Elly Kedward (also a fictitious person), a Blair resident executed in 1785 by exposure for practicing witchcraft. The mockumentary presents the legend as real, complete with manufactured newspaper articles, newsreels, television news reports, and staged interviews in an attempt to convince viewers of its legitimacy.


title: Blair Witch

text: According to Ben Rock, the man who created the backstory for Haxan, he took inspiration from the real Maryland legend of the woman Moll Dyer. Sometime in the winter of 1697, Dyer was accused of witchcraft, tried, and subsequently banished from Leonardtown, Maryland. Her body was later discovered frozen to a rock in the forest.


title: Blair Witch

text: Heather Donahue, Michael Williams and Joshua Leonard, student filmmakers, set out to shoot a documentary about the Blair Witch. In the Black Hills forest near Burkittsville, Maryland, many children had vanished in the 1940s and people still avoid going too deep into the woods. The party sets out to look for facts that prove the legend, equipped only with two cameras and a little hiking gear. First, they find little piles of stone that must have been arranged artificially, later, they find themselves lost in the woods. Eerie sounds at night and more piles of stones in places where they have not been before cause the already desperate group to panic. One night, days after they should have been back home, Josh disappears. While searching for Josh, Heather and Mike find a derelict house in a clearing and go inside, where they see runic symbols on the wall next to child-sized handprints. Josh's voice seems to be coming from somewhere inside the house, and Mike rushes upstairs. Mike then realizes that the voice is now coming from the basement, and rushes down the steps. Suddenly, Mike is rendered silent and the camera falls. Hysterical, Heather follows and sees Mike in the corner of the room, faced against a wall. Suddenly Heather's camera is knocked down and she too is rendered silent. The film runs for a few seconds, then dies.


title: Blair Witch

text: "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" returns to Maryland's Black Hills region in the wake of "The Blair Witch Project" and the prodigious media coverage devoted to its conflation of documentary style and supernatural legend, fans and curiosity-seekers have descended upon the movie's real-life setting of Burkittsville, Maryland. Jeff Patterson (Jeffrey Donovan), a black-sheep "townie" only recently released from a mental institution, has turned his obsession with the Blair Witch into a business and has lured four young people to Burkittsville for a tour of the Witch's purported Black Hills' haunts. Jeff's clients are also fixated on the film, for reasons they themselves may not fully comprehend. Erica Geerson (Erica Leerhsen) is a practicing Wiccan who has immersed herself in Blair Witch mythology, even though she decries the film's portrayal of her fellow witches. Grad students Tristen Ryler (Tristine Skyler) and Stephen Ryan Parker (Stephen Barker Turner) are writing a book about the Blair Witch, but disagree completely about the story's basis in fact, with folklorist Tristen arguing that it must contain some grain of truth while Stephen insists it is a textbook case of mass hysteria. Completing the group is Kim Diamond (Kim Director), a hard-edged, sardonic Goth aficionado possessed of striking psychic abilities.


title: Blair Witch

text: After spending a strange and disorienting night at one of the most sinister sites in Blair Witch lore, the five campers awake to a scene of destruction and no memory of having gone to sleep. They return to Jeff's abandoned warehouse loft to try to piece together what happened. But as Jeff leads Erica, Tristen, Stephen and Kim across the rickety drawbridge and unlocks the metal door to a chorus of barking dogs, they are entering a place no safer than the woods they just left. Inside, the legend seems to begin to bleed into reality as their mass hysteria ensues. Erica mysteriously disappears and Tristen ends up hanging herself from the second floor railing of the warehouse.


title: Blair Witch

text: The end of the film reveals that Jeff, Stephen, and Kim have been arrested. Each is interrogated separately, with the police showing each person footage of their crimes. Security camera footage shows Kim stabbing a cashier in the neck. Surveillance camera footage shows a naked Jeff killing Erica, arranging her clothes, and putting her dead body in the closet. Jeff's video shows Stephen assaulting Tristen, pushing her over the second floor banister, and accusing her of being a witch. All three, close to a nervous breakdown, proclaim their innocence.


title: Blair Witch

text: The tie-in mockumentary to "", "Shadow of the Blair Witch", establishes the events of the film being a film within a film; the in-universe mockumentary reveals that "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" is "a film adaptation" based on the "Black Hills murders" that took place shortly after the release of "The Blair Witch Project". "Shadow of the Blair Witch" follows "the real James Patterson"'s defense team as the case prepares for trial and as the public reacts to plans to fictionalize the case's events for the big screen from the defense's point-of-view. Protests of the film "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" are discussed within the documentary coming from both the families of those involved with the case and from the Wiccan community as a whole. Rachel Moskowitz and Andre Brooks respectively portray the "real" Kim Diamond and Jeffrey Patterson within the documentary.


title: Blair Witch

text: In September 2009, Ed Sánchez and Daniel Myrick intended to produce a third "Blair Witch" film. The film was a sequel to the first film, would potentially contain the actors from the first film in some context, and would not reference any of the events from "Book of Shadows". In 2011, Sánchez remarked that further development on a sequel depended on getting Lionsgate to approve the idea and for his and Myrick's schedule to match up. The film went into development hell.


title: Blair Witch

text: At the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con held in July, the film marketed with the faux-title "The Woods", turned out to be the sequel "Blair Witch". The film was released on September 16, 2016.


title: Blair Witch

text: Four mockumentaries on the "Blair Witch" were produced to promote the films. The first being "Curse of the Blair Witch" which aired on the Syfy Channel in 1999, prior to the release of "The Blair Witch Project", and the second being "Sticks and Stones: An Exploration of the Blair Witch Legend" which overlaps quite a bit with "Curse of the Blair Witch". The latter two documentaries, "The Massacre of The Burkittsville 7: The Blair Witch Legacy" and "Shadow of the Blair Witch", both directed by Ben Rock, aired in 2000.


title: Blair Witch

text: Before the release of "The Blair Witch Project" in 1999, the Sci-Fi Channel aired a 45-minute mockumentary about the Blair Witch called "Curse of the Blair Witch".


title: Blair Witch

text: The program offers firsthand interviews with several fictional colleagues and relatives of Heather Donahue, Josh Leonard and Michael Williams, including their Montgomery College film professor.


title: Blair Witch

text: One of the highlights of the video is the first mention of Elly Kedward, the woman who would go on to become the Blair Witch.


title: Blair Witch

text: "Curse of the Blair Witch" was created to give credibility to the idea that the events of "The Blair Witch Project" actually occurred, which was how the film was marketed upon its initial release.


title: Blair Witch

text: Directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez, considered for inclusion in the theatrical release of "The Blair Witch Project" and released to VHS as part of a special promotion that ran when "The Blair Witch Project" was released on home video, "Sticks and Stones" runs 30 minutes and overlaps with the mockumentary "Curse of the Blair Witch". The mockumentary primarily consists of alternate cuts of many of the previous films' interviews, but there is some new material to be found, including a brief 1995 conversation with Joshua Leonard's father about his son's disappearance.


title: Blair Witch

text: "Sticks and Stones" also includes an extended conversation between Heather Donahue and Michael Williams from a deleted scene, that was cut from the theatrical release of "The Blair Witch Project".


title: Blair Witch

text: When "The Blair Witch Project" premiered on Showtime, it was accompanied by a new 40-minute Blair Witch mockumentary named "The Burkittsville 7", which delved into the murder case of Rustin Parr that was mentioned in "The Blair Witch Project". Within the mockumentary it is theorised that Kyle Brody, the lone survivor of the murders, may have himself been involved in the murders. Within the mockumentary, it is mentioned that after Parr was hanged, Brody grew up to become a troubled adult who spent most of the latter part of his life in mental institutions before committing suicide in the year 1971.


title: Blair Witch

text: Directed by Ben Rock, and airing on the Sci-Fi Channel in conjunction with the release of "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2", the mockumentary "Shadow of the Blair Witch" takes an objective look at the events of "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2". Running 45 minutes, it examines the troubled life of "the real Jeff Patterson" and his obsession with "The Blair Witch Project". Within the documentary, the events of "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" are presented as a film adaptation based on the "Black Hills murders" that took place shortly after the events of "The Blair Witch Project". This documentary presents "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" as a film within a film.


title: Blair Witch

text: "Shadow of the Blair Witch" follows "the real James Patterson"'s defense team as the case prepares for trial and as the public reacts to plans to . Protests of the film "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2" are discussed coming from both the families of those involved with the case and from the Wiccan community as a whole.


title: Blair Witch

text: In September 1999, D.A. Stern compiled "The Blair Witch Project: A Dossier". Perpetuating the film's "true story" angle, the dossier consisted of fabricated police reports, pictures, interviews, and newspaper articles presenting the movie's premise as fact, as well as further elaboration on the Elly Kedward and Rustin Parr legends. In 2000 D.A. Stern compiled another dossier in the same fashion called "Blair Witch: Book of Shadows" (released in November 2000) regarding the events of the second film.


title: Blair Witch

text: Stern wrote the 2000 novel "Blair Witch: The Secret Confessions of Rustin Parr" and in the same year wrote the novel "Blair Witch: Graveyard Shift", featuring all original characters and plot. In May 1999, a photonovel adaptation of "The Blair Witch Project" was written by Claire Forbes and was released by Fotonovel Publications.


title: Blair Witch

text: A series of eight young adult books entitled "The Blair Witch Files" were released by Random subsidiary Bantam from 2000 to 2001. The books center on Cade Merill, a fictional cousin of Heather Donahue, who investigates phenomena related to the Blair Witch in attempt to discover what really happened to Heather, Mike, and Josh.


title: Blair Witch

text: In August 1999, Oni Press released a one-shot comic promoting the first film, simply titled "The Blair Witch Project". Written by Jen Van Meter and drawn by Bernie Mireault, Guy Davis, and Tommy Lee Edwards, the comic featured three short stories elaborating on the mythology of the Blair Witch. In mid-2000, the same group worked on a four-issue series called "The Blair Witch Chronicles".


title: Blair Witch

text: In October 2000, coinciding with the release of "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2", Image Comics released a one-shot called "Blair Witch: Dark Testaments", drawn by Charlie Adlard and written by Ian Edginton.


title: Blair Witch

text: In 2000, a trilogy of video games based on the films was released, which greatly expanded on the myths suggested in the first film. The graphics engine and characters were all derived from the producer's earlier game "Nocturne". Each game, developed by a different team, focused on different aspects of the Blair Witch mythology: Rustin Parr, Coffin Rock, and Elly Kedward, respectively.


title: Blair Witch

text: The trilogy received mixed reviews from critics, with most criticism being directed towards the very linear gameplay, clumsy controls and camera angles, and short length. The first volume, "Rustin Parr", received the most praise, ranging from moderate to positive, with critics commending its storyline, graphics and atmosphere; some reviewers even claimed that the game was scarier than the movie. The following volumes were less well-received, with "PC Gamer" saying that Volume 2's only saving grace was its low price and calling Volume 3 "amazingly mediocre".


title: Blair Witch

text: A new "Blair Witch" game was released for PC and Xbox One. The game is a first-person survival horror game, and is both developed and published by Bloober Team. The game was released on August 30, 2019, and was also later released on the PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Amazon Luna.


title: Blair Witch

text: Eduardo Sanchez, director of "The Blair Witch Project" said about the "Blair Witch" franchise in 2009:


title: Blair Witch

text: In October 2017, Sánchez and the rest of the film's creative team were developing a "Blair Witch" television series, though he pointed out that any decisions would ultimately be up to Lionsgate now that they own the rights to it.


title: California Medical Facility

text: California Medical Facility (CMF) is a male-only state prison medical facility located in the city of Vacaville, Solano County, California. It is older than California State Prison, Solano, the other state prison in Vacaville.


title: California Medical Facility

text: CMF's facilities include Level I ("Open dormitories without a secure perimeter") housing, Level II ("Open dormitories with secure perimeter fences and armed coverage") housing, Level III and IV ("Individual cells, fenced perimeters and armed coverage") housing.


title: California Medical Facility

text: With a "general acute care hospital, correctional treatment center (CTC), licensed elderly care unit, in-patient and out-patient psychiatric facilities, a hospice unit for terminally ill inmates, housing and treatment for inmates identified with AIDS/HIV, general population, and other special inmate housing," it is known as "the [California] prison system's health care flagship" and "has many of its best clinical programs." CMF has the largest hospital among California prisons. Furthermore, "the Department of State Hospitals operates a licensed, acute care psychiatric hospital within CMF."


title: California Medical Facility

text: In 2005, CMF had 506 medical staff positions (many of which were not filled) and a health care budget of $72.3 million. As of Fiscal Year 2006/2007, CMF had a total of 1,853 staff and an annual budget of $180 million. As of September 2007, it had a design capacity of 2,179 but a total institution population of 3,047, for an occupancy rate of 139.9 percent.


title: California Medical Facility

text: As of April 30, 2020, CMF was incarcerating people at 101.5% of its design capacity, with 2,396 occupants.


title: California Medical Facility

text: Among other programs at CMF, the Volunteers of Vacaville began in 1960 as a cooperative effort between the community, staff, and inmates. Inmates who participate in the Volunteers of Vacaville's Blind Project create audiobooks, transcribe books into Braille, clean and repair Perkins Brailler machines, and resurface eyeglasses. The initial goal of this organization was to transcribe books onto audiotape for the blind community outside of the prison. The Blind Project has since grown into a nationally and internationally recognized leader in blind services.


title: California Medical Facility

text: In 1984, the California prison system's first AIDS case was treated at CMF, and later the system's first specialized AIDS facilities were developed there.


title: California Medical Facility

text: In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the quality of medical care at CMF was found to be lacking, as evidenced by the following:


title: California Medical Facility

text: In 1996 at CMF, a 17-bed, state-licensed hospice began caring for dying inmates which was the first hospice among California prisons. Due to an increasing population of elderly at CMF, a nursing home with 21 beds opened in September 2005 as a pilot program.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The 2022 season is the Los Angeles Chargers' 53rd in the National Football League (NFL), their 63rd overall, their seventh in the Greater Los Angeles Area, their third playing their home games at SoFi Stadium and their second under head coach Brandon Staley. They will attempt to improve on their 9–8 record from last year and make the playoffs for the first time since 2018.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Shortly after the end of their 2021 season, the Chargers signed eleven players on their practice squad to reserve/future free agent contracts.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Each NFL team is permitted to elevate up to two players from the practice squad to the active game day roster per week, with those designated players being allowed to return to the practice squad up to two times without being exposed to waivers. If a practice squad player is elevated to the game day roster for a third time, that player will be required to clear waivers before returning to the practice squad. Teams are also permitted to protect a maximum of four practice squad players to prevent opposing teams from signing those players to their active rosters.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The Chargers' preseason opponents and schedule was announced on May 12, 2022. The Chargers held joint practices with the Dallas Cowboys on August 17 and 18 at the Jack Hammett Sports Complex in Costa Mesa, California.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: On April 28, during the first round of the 2022 Draft, the NFL announced that the Chargers will play at the Kansas City Chiefs during Week 2 on September 15, in the first game of Amazon Prime Video's new "Thursday Night Football" package.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The Chargers' complete 2022 schedule was announced on May 12. Listed below are the Chargers' opponents for 2022:


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: After both teams began the game with a field goal and a punt, Allen had back-to-back catches of 19 and 42 yards, moving the Chargers to the Las Vegas 11 yard line. Three plays later, Herbert gained only 3 yards on a 3rd and 4, but Nate Hobbs was penalised for unnecessary roughness, having hit Herbert as he entered a slide. That gave the Chargers a fresh set of downs, and Horvath's touchdown followed three plays later.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: On the next Charger drive, Carter's 30-yard catch moved them into Raider territory. They reached a 3rd and 1 at the 28 before both Ekeler and Herbert were stopped for no gain, turning the ball over on downs. On the next two plays, Derek Carr was sacked by Mack and intercepted by Tranquill, who returned the ball 20 yards to the Raider 31. Two plays later, Herbert found Carter between two defenders in the front of the end zone for a 17–3 halftime lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: A 41-yard catch by Davante Adams helped the Raiders score only five plays into the second half. The Chargers responded with a drive where Herbert completed 6 of 7 passes for 55 yards and a touchdown to Everett. Las Vegas converted a 4th and 4 on their next possession, reaching the Charger 25. The Raiders then tried a trick play, Bosa sacked Adams for a 10-yard and they eventually settled for Daniel Carlson's long field goal. The next two Raider drives ended with interceptions by Samuel (on a deep pass at his own 2), and Callahan (near midfield). The Chargers had a field goal try after the latter of these, but Hopkins was wide left from 49 yards out, and Las Vegas drove 61 yards for an Adams touchdown, trimming the deficit to five points. Nasir Adderley broke up the two-point conversion attempt in the end zone. Following a three-and-out by the Chargers, Las Vegas took over at their own 21 yard line with 3:30 to play. They reached a 3rd and 3 at their own 40 before Carr was sacked on consecutive plays, firstly by Bosa and Morgan Fox, then by Mack. Los Angeles took over on downs, and were able to run the clock out after Michel's 3-yard run on 3rd and 2.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: All three Charger touchdowns were scored by players making their debut for the team. Another debutant, Mack, had three of the Chargers' six sacks. Los Angeles gained sixteen first downs on their first six drives, but only two from their final five. Allen left the game in the first half with a hamstring strain and did not return.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Kansas City were forced to punt on their first two drives, and the Chargers responded with a field goal and a touchdown. On the touchdown drive, Herbert converted a 4th and inches with a quarterback sneak, and Williams caught a 39-yard pass to the Chiefs' 1 yard line; Horvath scored two plays later. A 3rd-down Nasir Adderley interception on the ensuing drive was nullified by an illegal contact penalty on Callahan, leading to Mahomes' first touchdown pass. Los Angeles crossed midfield on their next two possessions, but had to punt both times and led 10–7 at halftime.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The Chargers opened the second half with a 75-yard touchdown drive. Ekeler converted on 3rd and 1 early in the drive, and later on 4th and 1; on the next play, Williams made a juggling one-handed catch in the end zone. Patrick Mahomes threw his next pass directly to Samuel, who initially mishandled the ball before diving forward and gathering it near the ground. Los Angeles were initially awarded the ball at the Kansas City 35, but the turnover was overturned on official review, with some controversy. Mahomes then led the Chiefs to another touchdown. Late in the 3rd quarter, Kansas City had a 3rd and goal at the Charger 1, but Joseph and Bosa stopped Travis Kelce for no gain, and the Chiefs settled for a game-tying field goal. Los Angeles then drove into Chiefs territory, where Everett had back-to-back catch-and-runs of 7 and 26 yards, moving the ball to the 3. Everett asked to be taken out of the game due to fatigue after the second catch, but was unable to leave as the Chargers were in a hurry-up offense. He failed to break on the ball on the next play; Herbert's pass was intercepted and returned 99 yards for a touchdown. Clyde Edwards-Helaire broke off a 52-yard run late in the game, allowing the Chiefs to pad their lead with a field goal. Herbert converted two 4th downs on the next drive, the latter to Palmer for a touchdown, but Kansas City recovered an onside kick and ran out the clock.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Herbert played on after sustaining fractured rib cartilage late in the game. Horvath became the first running back or fullback to score receiving touchdowns in the first two games of his career since 1942.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: On the game's first drive, the Charger defense forced an incompletion when Jacksonville went for it on 4th and 5 from the Los Angeles 39. They also held the Jaguars to a pair of short field goals, the latter after a Herbert interception; he fumbled while being sacked soon afterwards, setting up the first Jacksonville touchdown. Herbert responded on his next drive by completing 7 of 8 passes for 75 yards and a touchdown to Williams. An Evan Engram touchdown catch was overturned after a lengthy official review, and Jacksonville settled for a field goal and 16–7 halftime lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Facing a 3rd and 15 three plays into the second half, Herbert connected with Guyton 54 yards downfield. A completion to Palmer brought up 1st and goal from the 7, from where three Herbert incompletions were followed by a field goal. On the next drive, Jacksonville running back James Robinson broke away for a 50-yard touchdown on 4th and 1. The Jaguars followed this with a pair of 14-play drives as they pulled away.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Nasir Adderley's interception on the third play of the game set up Gerald Everett's 18-yard touchdown reception, which came on 3rd and 3. Houston kicker Kaʻimi Fairbairn missed a 46-yard field goal late in the opening quarter, and the Chargers scored again when Ekeler broke through the right guard area for his first touchdown of the season. He scored again within three minutes: the Texans went three-and-out, Williams was left completely open on a 50-yard catch-and-run, and Ekeler went in on the following play. Houston responded with Dameon Pierce's 75-yard touchdown run on the next play from scrimmage. Following a Dustin Hopkins field goal, the Texans reached a 4th and 1 at the Charger 24. They went for the first down, but Mack sacked Davis Mills for a loss of 8. Bandy had catches of 24 and 25 yards on the next drive, the first two of his career, and Hopkins made it 27–7 at halftime.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Houston came back into the game late in the 3rd quarter and early in the 4th with quick two touchdown drives; combined, they covered 180 yards from only 13 plays. Carter fumbled the ensuing kickoff, with the Texans recovering at the 16. Helped by Tillery's second-down sack, the Charger defense allowed only a field goal, keeping Los Angeles ahead at 27–24 with 8:30 to play. Herbert then led a 12-play drive to restore a margin of comfort. A completion to Williams converted a 3rd and 2, before Staley opted to go for it on 4th and 2 from the Charger 45. Herbert found Ekeler unmarked in the right flat for a 21-yard gain. Also Williams converted a 3rd and 6, and Ekeler's third touchdown came two plays later. Callahan's subsequent interception effectively clinched the win.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Los Angeles gave up 255 total yards on the three Houston touchdown drives but only 91 yards on their other nine drives.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Cleveland took the lead five plays into the game when Nick Chubb broke numerous tackles on a 41-yard touchdown run. In response, Los Angeles reached a 4th and 2 from the Cleveland 28, but Herbert threw incomplete and the Browns drove 72 yards to double their lead. On the next play from scrimmage, Ekeler broke away on a 71-yard run, eventually being tackled from behind at the Cleveland 4. The Chargers were unable to take full advantage of the opportunity, and settled for a Taylor Bertolet field goal. After a Cleveland three-and-out, Williams' 38-yard catch moved the Chargers into opposition territory, eventually leading to Kelley's touchdown. The Browns again went three-and-out, this time pinning Los Angeles at their own 1-yard line with a Corey Bojorquez punt. The Chargers then produced their first 99-yard touchdown drive since the 2017 season, doing so without facing a 3rd down. Ekeler had back-to-back carries of 10 and 15 yards in the middle of the drive, and finished it by making a one-handed catch and completing a 12-yard touchdown. Cleveland retook the lead with Chubb's second touchdown run, one play after Joseph-Day was flagged for roughing the passer on a 3rd-down incompletion. The Browns had a chance to extend their lead before halftime, but Cade York's 45-yard attempt missed wide right, leaving the score at 21–17.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: On the opening drive of the second half, Herbert and Williams connected for 21 yards to convert a 3rd and 12. Williams later had a 22-yard touchdown catch overruled due to having a foot out of bounds, but Ekeler scored on the next play. Soon afterwards, Cleveland went for it on 4th and 1 from their own 34, but Covington broke through the line and tackled Kareem Hunt for a loss of 4, setting up another field goal. Hunt scored on the following drive, putting Cleveland up 28–27 late in the 3rd quarter. Runs of 16 yards by Ekeler and 17 yards by Kelley then helped the Chargers drive inside Cleveland's 10, where they had to settle for their third short field goal of the game. Jacoby Brissett converted a pair of 3rd downs on the following drive, but his pass on 3rd and 7 from the 9 was intercepted by Gilman with 2:44 to play. A 19-yard Williams catch gave the Chargers a first down, before they reached a 4th down with between 1 yard to 2 yards required; 1:14 remained, and Cleveland had used all their timeouts. Staley opted to go for a game-clinching conversion, but Herbert's pass to Williams was broken up, and the Browns took over at the Los Angeles 45. Brissett managed a 10-yard completion, but could move the ball no closer, and York's 54-yard kick missed narrowly to the right with 11 seconds to play.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Staley's 4th-down decision generated controversy after the game. The "Los Angeles Times" described the call as 'odd', and the injured Allen tweeted 'WTF are we doing?', though he deleted the tweet after talking with Staley. Sports analytics engines largely favored Staley's choice. Ekeler's 173 rushing yards were a new career high. As a team, the Chargers ran for 238 yards after gaining a league-worst 258 yards from their first four games.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Palmer drew a 30-yard pass interference penalty on the game's first play, and Bandy converted a 4th and 2 with and 4-yard catch, but the Chargers were pushed back by a Calpp false start and had to punt. A 21-yard pass interference call no Jackson then converted a Denver 3rd and 14; the Broncos reached a 3rd and 1 at the Los Angeles 29 before Mack sacked Russell Wilson and Brandon McManus kicked his first field goal. Denver faced a 3rd and 1 from their own 24 late in the opening quarter; Wilson completed consecutive passes of 37 and 39 yards, the latter for a touchdown and a 10–0 lead. Los Angeles responded with their only touchdown drive of the game. It featured four 3rd-down conversions – three via short completions from Herbert and one when Ekeler drove through the middle of the line for the touchdown. After a Denver three-and-out, the Chargers had another lengthy scoring drive, prolonged by pass interference penalties of 36 and 11 yards, both on 3rd down. They reached the Denver 12 before being pushed back by a sack on Herbert, and taking a field goal with 53 seconds to play in the half. A 47-yard Wilson completion helped the Broncos move into range for another McManus field goal, and a 13–10 halftime lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Los Angeles tied the score on their first possession of the second half; on their second, they reached a 4th and 2 at the Denver 29, but Herbert's pass was incomplete on the opening play of the final quarter. After a Denver punt, Herbert's next pass was deflected and intercepted, setting the Broncos up at the Charger 30. A Tranquill sack on 3rd down forced Denver to settle for another field goal. Unnecessary roughness and pass interference penalties by Denver contributed 35 yards to the ensuing Chargers drive, which ended with Hopkins' third field goal with four minutes to play. Both teams had one further possession in overtime: Tranquill again sacked Wilson on 3rd down to force a punt, and Herbert's pass from his own 44 fell incomplete as time expired.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Denver won the overtime coin toss and received the ball. Both teams then went three-and-out twice. After the last of these, the Chargers recovered a muffed punt at the Denver 28; Ja'Sir Taylor pushed his blocker back into the returner, who stumbled and failed to gather the ball, allowing Deane Leonard to recover. After Ekeler twice lost a yard, Herbert and Williams connected for 9 yards. Hopkins then made the winning kick, 7:22 into the extra period.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Hopkins made all four of his field goals despite injuring his hamstring while making his 2nd-quarter extra point. The Chargers' two longest gains on offense were both pass interference penalties. They had a 38:49 to 28:33 advantage in time of possession, including 12:27 to 2:33 in the 2nd quarter. Los Angeles had four sacks, all coming on 3rd down plays.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Kenneth Murray intercepted a tipped Geno Smith pass four plays into the game, setting the Chargers up at the Seattle 41. After three plays gained 9 yards, Ekeler was stuffed for no gain on a 4th and 1. Seattle's next drive was prolonged when Callahan was flagged for pass interference on 3rd and 13 and finished with Smith's 20-yard touchdown pass on 3rd and 14. Herbert threw an interception and lost a fumble on the next two Charger drives, setting up 10 further Seattle points. Herbert completed 5 of 6 passes for 64 yards on the following drive, converting a 3rd down with a completion to Allen, who played for the first time since Week 1. Mack recovered a botched snap at the Seattle 33 two plays later, and Herbert converted two further 3rd downs with passes, the latter to Williams for the touchdown. Seattle responded late in the half with Smith's second touchdown pass and led 24–14 at the break.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Los Angeles punted on their first drive of the second half, Scott pinning Seattle at their 7. The Seahawks responded with a 10-minute drive that penetrated inside the Charger 10-yard line before a Fox sack forced them to take a short field goal. Early in the final quarter, Scott produced another good punt, this time pinning Seattle at their own 2. On the following play, Joseph and Troy Reeder stopped Kenneth Walker III in the end zone for a safety. After another Seahawks field goal, Los Angeles reached a 4th and 13 at the Seattle 38. Williams caught Herbert's pass, but gained only 12 yards and severely twisted his ankle while being tackled. Walker broke away for the clinching touchdown a play later. Los Angeles did score once more through Ekeler's 4th-down catch, but Seattle recovered an onside kick and ran out the clock.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Atlanta had a 44-yard run on the game's third play, eventually leading to Cordarrelle Patterson's touchdown on 3rd and goal from the 1. The Falcons added a lengthy field goal drive after Los Angeles went three-and-out. Following an exchange of punts, the Chargers faced a 3rd and 15 at their own 12, but Herbert found an open Palmer for 25 yards. Further 3rd downs were converted with passes to Palmer, Everett and Bandy, before Ekeler scored from the 2. After an Atlanta three-and out, Herbert converted 3rd downs with completions to Ekeler and Carter, then threw to Ekeler in the right flat for a 14–10 halftime lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Patterson appeared to have scored a 38-yard touchdown early in the 3rd quarter, but it was nullified by penalty. Atlanta progress to a 2nd and 2 at the Charger 11, from where Marcus Mariota threw a 5-yard pass to Drake London. The receiver was fighting for extra yardage when Mack pulled the ball from his grasp and returned it 44 yards to midfield. Three plays later, Palmer was unable to hold a Herbert pass, which deflected off his hands and was intercepted. Atlanta converted the turnover into seven points when Patterson ran over Tranquill on 3rd and goal from the 3. In the final quarter, Younghoe Koo missed a 50-yard field goal for the Falcons, and Los Angeles advanced to a 3rd and 3 from the Atlanta 37. Ekeler was then initially ruled to have avoided touching the ground while being tackled a yard behind the line of scrimmage; he ran clear for a touchdown that was overturned when replays showed his left elbow graze the turf. Herbert and Carter connected for 6 yards to convert the ensuing 4th and 4, leading to a game-tying field goal for Cameron Dicker. After forcing a punt, the Chargers ran the clock down to 46 seconds while driving to the Atlanta 22. As the Falcons had no timeouts left, Los Angeles could run the clock down and kick a field goal, but Ekeler had the ball knocked loose as he dove forward to the 20. Ta'Quon Graham recovered for the Falcons and returned the ball for 19 yards before fumbling without being touched; Matt Feiler recovered at the Atlanta 43. Herbert immediately found Palmer for 22 yards to move Los Angeles back into field goal range, and Dicker made the winning kick two plays later.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The teams dominated alternating quarters. In term of first downs gained, Atlanta had advantages of 9–0 in the 1st quarter and 8–1 in the 3rd, while Los Angeles had advantages of 11–0 in the 2nd quarter and 7–2 edge in the 4th. Dicker was the 2022 Chargers' third different kicker to make a game-winning field goal in the 4th quarter or overtime, following Bertolet in Week 5 and Hopkins in Week 6. It was also Dicker's second game-winning field goal in two career games, having accomplished the same feat while playing for the . Los Angeles became the third team in NFL history to trail by at least 10 points after the opening quarter of four consecutive games, following the Denver Broncos of 1962 and 1963, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of 1988.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The Chargers reversed their recent 1st-quarter struggles by scoring on the game's opening possession. Herbert had completions of 14 yards to Ekeler and 17 yards to Everett, both on 3rd down, then found Carter in the end zone for a 32-yard touchdown, the Chargers' longest of the season. After San Francisco responded with a short field goal, Samuel swung a 49ers receiver into James, popping the ball loose; Samuel recovered the fumble himself in 49ers territory. Los Angeles moved the ball only 3 yards, but Dicker restored their seven-point lead when his 47-yard kick crept just inside the right upright. Later, Nick Niemann deflected a punt, and the Chargers took over in opposition territory. Five plays later, Carter was tackled at the 2-yard line on a 35-yard catch-and-run. Hindered by a Foster Sarell false start penalty, Los Angeles could only manage a field goal from there. After a 49ers touchdown, Salyer kept a Los Angeles drive going by recovering Herbert's fumble. Two plays later, Herbert drew a 15-yard unnecessary roughness penalty when he was hit while scrambling. That moved the ball to the San Francisco 20 with 30 seconds left in the half, but Herbert was temporarily knocked out of the game and backup Chase Daniel could move the ball no closer. Dicker's third field goal made it 16–10 at halftime.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Herbert returned for the Los Angeles failed to score in the second half, picking up only three first downs in five possessions and advancing no further than the San Francisco 44. The 49ers scored a field goal in the 3rd quarter, then converted three 3rd downs on their go-ahead 4th-quarter touchdown drive. With two minutes left, San Francisco pinned the Chargers at their own 1 with a punt. After gaining 7 yards on three plays, Los Angeles turned the ball over on downs when Herbert was hit as he passed and Palmer couldn't pull in his wild throw. After using all their timeouts and holding San Francisco to a field goal, they had one more chance, but Herbert was immediately intercepted.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Allen and Williams returned for the Chargers. After the Chiefs opened the scoring with a field goal, Allen had a 17-yard catch on Los Angeles' first play from scrimmage. Two plays later, Herbert found a back-pedaling Palmer at the 5-yard line for a 50-yard touchdown. Following another Chiefs field goal, Williams converted a 3rd and 2 with a 15-yard catch, but re-injured his ankle and missed the rest of the game. Los Angeles finished that drive with a field goal, and Kansas City responded with completions of 34 and 40 yards by Mahomes before Travis Kelce's first touchdown catch. After an exchange of punts, the Chargers converted three short 3rd downs, and retook the lead when Ekeler reached the ball over the goal line. Their next drive was aided by a late hit on Herbert when Los Angeles would have faced a 4th and 2 in Chiefs territory. They drove as far as 2nd and 1 from the 2 before being driven back a yard on their next two plays. Dicker's short kick made it 20–13 at the break.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Kansas City had a 3rd and 1 on the Chargers 10 midway through the 3rd quarter, but Fox and Joe Gaziano stuffed Isiah Pacheco for the loss of a yard, and Kansas City settled for a field goal. The Chiefs faced a 3rd and 17 early on their next drive, but Mahomes converted with a 25 yards completion. He followed up with two further 3rd-down conversions, the latter being Kelce's second touchdown, which came on the first play of the final quarter. Los Angeles then crossed midfield before Allen fumbled after gaining what would have been a first down at the 32. The Chargers won the ball back six plays later when Reeder forced a fumble and Gilman recovered. Soon afterwards, a sack on Herbert left the Chargers facing 3rd and 18 at their own 38. Herbert found a diving Allen 46 yards downfield to convert; Palmer's touchdown followed four plays later with 1:46 to play. Mahomes threw incomplete on 3rd and 4 midway through the winning drive, but James was judged to have committed defensive holding, sparing the Chiefs a 4th-down conversion attempt. Kelce's scored the winning touchdown three plays later. Los Angeles still had 31 seconds and all three timeouts, but Herbert was sacked on their first play and intercepted on the second.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Los Angeles punted on their first three possessions, with Herbert sacked on 3rd down on two of them. Arizona lost a fumble the first time they had the ball (forced by James, recovered by Joseph-Day), but put up ten points on their following two. The Chargers responded with back-to-back touchdown drives. On the first of these, Palmer fumbled after an 18-yard catch to the Cardinals 38 and Arizona were initially given possession of the ball. After an official review, Bandy was credited with the recovery and Los Angeles maintained possession. The drive ended when Allen was unmarked in the left flat and scored for the first time in 2022. The Cardinals soon reached a 4th and 1 at their own 34; they went for it, and James intercepted Kyler Murray 22 yards downfield. Herbert then completed five passes in a row, with Carter left open for his 33-yard touchdown. Murray had two successful scrambles on the next drive, converting a 3rd and 6 then scoring from 5 yards out for a 17–14 halftime lead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The teams exchanged field goal tries at the start of the second half, with Matt Prater wide left from 49 yards and Dicker successful from 26 to tie the game. Murray's second touchdown pass on the following drive put Arizona seven points ahead. After two punts each, Herbert led Los Angeles from their own 22 to a 3rd and 7 at the Cardinals 35. Herbert was then sacked for the loss of 13, and Scott punted to the Arizona 10 with 2:19 to play. Davis' 2nd-down sack helped force a three-and-out, and Los Angeles started at the Arizona 38 after Carter's 20-yard punt return. Starting with 1:48 to play, Herbert completed 5 of 6 passes for 48 yards and a touchdown on the winning drive. After Ekeler's 10-yard catch moved the ball to the 1-yard line, Los Angeles called their last timeout, then Herbert threw to Ekeler in the right flat; he was tackled immediately, but was able to reach the ball over the goal line with 15 seconds left. Everett was open over the middle for a quick throw and catch on the decisive two-point conversion, then Murray threw incomplete twice to end the game.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: Midway through the opening quarter, Murray forced a fumble that Van Noy recovered at the Raiders 25. After gaining 8 yards on three plays, Los Angeles went for it on 4th and 2, but Herbert could only scramble for 1 yard. Three plays later, Samuel tipped a Carr pass, which Callahan intercepted and returned for a touchdown. The Chargers reached a 3rd and 5 at the Las Vegas 15 on their next drive before Herbert was sacked and Dicker extended their lead with a field goal. The Raiders responded with ten points on their next two drives to tie the score, before Dicker restored the lead 27 seconds before halftime. Las Vegas kicker Daniel Carlson missed from 52 yards as time expired, leaving the Chargers 13–10 ahead.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: The Raiders took control of the game in the 3rd quarter. Ekeler lost a fumble on the second play of the period, and Adams scored his first touchdown on the following play. Soon afterwards, Dicker was wide right from 52 yards, and Adams scored again two plays later. After a Los Angeles punt, Las Vegas used the final eight minutes of the quarter driving 74 yards to a 3rd and 1 on the Chargers 6. Michael Davis broke up an end zone pass on the first play of the 4th quarter, and Carlson extended the lead to 27–13. Herbert converted a 4th and 1 with a quarterback sneak early on the following drive. Later, he converted a 4th and 12 by finding Allen in the end zone for 35 yards and a touchdown. The Charger defense gave up two first downs on the next drive, but eventually forced a punt; Los Angeles took over on their own 9 with five minutes to play and a chance to tie the game. Everett had catches of 18 and 16 yards, but Herbert eventually threw incomplete on 4th and 9 from the Las Vegas 42. Los Angeles had a last chance, starting from their own 10 with 22 seconds left. They could advance only as far as the Raiders 49 before time expired.


title: 2022 Los Angeles Chargers season

text: On their first drive of the game Los Angeles went 78 yards in 15 plays, reaching a 4th and goal from the Miami 2 before Carter stumbled while taking Herbert's pass in the left flat and was tackled for no gain. They were back in the Miami red zone on their next possession, this time taking the lead through a Dicker field goal. The Dolphins went three-and-out, with Carter returning the punt 22 yards to the Miami 43. Kelley ran for 22 yards to convert a 3rd and 1, and Williams caught Herbert's pass in the back of the end zone two plays later. To that point, the Dolphins had gained only one first down on three possessions, but they responded to the Chargers' touchdown in unusual fashion; Gilman forced a fumble that was knocked out of a scrum of players on both sides trying to recover it. Tyreek Hill picked the loose ball up and raced away to score easily. After an exchange of punts, Los Angeles began at their own 10 yard line. Herbert converted 3rd downs with completions to Allen and Palmer, then Ekeler took a short pass for 16 yards on 3rd and goal from the 17. Ekeler followed the block of Horvath to score on 4th and goal, putting the Chargers ahead 17–7 at the break.