title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: On 3 March, the convening of the National Assembly was postponed until 25 March, leading to an outcry across East Pakistan. Violence broke out in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rangpur, Comilla, Rajshahi, Sylhet, and Khulna, and the security forces killed dozens of unarmed protesters. There were open calls for Sheikh Mujib to declare independence from Pakistan, and the Awami League called a large public gathering at Dhaka's Ramna Race Course on 7 March to respond.


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: The Pakistan government didn't give permission to live broadcast the speech through radio and television on 7 March 1971. AHM Salahuddin who was the then chairman of Pakistan International Film Corporation (PIFC) and M Abul Khayer, a then Member of the National Assembly (MNA) from East Pakistan and was also the Managing Director of PIFC, made arrangements to record the video and audio of the speech. The video was recorded by actor Abul Khair who was the Director of Films under Ministry of Information of Pakistan at the time. The audio of the speech was recorded by H N Khondokar, a technician of the Ministry of Information associated by M Abul Khayer, MNA.


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: The audio record was developed and archived by "Dhaka Record, a" record label owned by M Abul Khayer, MNA. Later on, copy of the audio and video recording was handed over to Sheikh Mujib and a copy of the audio was sent to India. 3000 copies of the audio were distributed by Indian record label HMV Records throughout the world.


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: Bangabandhu started with the lines, "Today, I appeared before you with a heavy heart. You know everything and understand as well. We tried with our lives. But the painful matter is that today, in Dhaka, Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur, the streets are dyed red with the blood of our brethren. Today the people of Bengal want freedom, the people of Bengal want to survive, the people of Bengal want to have their rights. What wrong did we do?"


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: The speech lasted about 19 minutes and concluded with, "The struggle this time, is a struggle for our liberty. The struggle this time, is a struggle for our independence. Joy Bangla!" It was a "de facto" declaration of Bangladesh's independence.


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: International media had descended upon East Pakistan for the speech amidst speculation that Sheikh Mujib would make a unilateral declaration of independence from Pakistan. However, keeping in mind the failures of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence and of the Biafra struggle in Nigeria, he did not make a direct declaration. Nevertheless, the speech was effective in giving Bengalis a clear goal of independence.


title: 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu

text: The speech is on the Memory of the World Register of UNESCO, a list of world's important documentary heritage. Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO announced the decision at its headquarters in Paris on 30 October 2017.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County is a county on the southeast border of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 179,702, making it the least populous county in Southern California. The county seat is El Centro. Imperial is the most recent California county to be established, as it was created in 1907 out of portions of San Diego County.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County is located in the far southeast of California, in the Imperial Valley. It borders San Diego County to the west, Riverside County to the north, the U.S. state of Arizona to the east and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. It includes the El Centro Metropolitan Statistical Area and is part of the Southern California border region, the smallest but most economically diverse region in the state.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Although this region is a desert, with high temperatures and low average rainfall of per year, the economy is strongly based on agriculture. This is supported by irrigation, with water supplied wholly from the Colorado River via the All-American Canal.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Imperial Valley straddles the border between the United States and Mexico. Imperial County is strongly influenced by Mexican culture. Approximately 80% of the county's population is Hispanic, with the vast majority being of Mexican origin. The remainder of the population is predominantly non-Hispanic white, in addition to smaller African American, Native American, and Asian minorities.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Spanish explorer Melchor Díaz was one of the first Europeans to visit the area of the Imperial Valley in 1540. The explorer Juan Bautista de Anza also explored the area in 1776.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Decades later, after the Mexican–American War, the northern half of the valley was annexed in 1848 by the U.S., while the southern half remained under Mexican rule. Small-scale settlement in natural aquifer areas had occurred in the early 19th century (the present-day site of Mexicali), but most permanent settlement (Americans on the U.S. side, Mexicans on the other side) was after 1900.


title: Imperial County, California

text: In 1905, torrential rainfall in the American Southwest caused the Colorado River (the only drainage for the region) to flood, including canals that had been built to irrigate the Imperial Valley. Since the valley is partially below sea level, the waters never fully receded, but collected in the Salton Sink in what is now called the Salton Sea.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County was formed in 1907 from the eastern portion of San Diego County. The county was named for Imperial Valley. This had been named for the Imperial Land Company, a subsidiary of the California Development Company, which at the turn of the 20th century had claimed the southern portion of the Colorado Desert for agriculture. The Imperial Land Company also owned extensive lands in Mexico (Baja California). Its objective was to develop commercial crop farming.


title: Imperial County, California

text: By 1910, the land company had managed to settle and develop thousands of farms on both sides of the border. The Mexican Revolution soon after severely disrupted the company's plans. Rival Mexican armies affiliated with different ethnicities killed nearly 10,000 farmers and their families in northern Mexico. Not until the 1920s was the other side of California in the United States sufficiently peaceful and prosperous for the company to earn a return for a large percentage of Mexicans. Some chose to stay and create roots in newly developed communities in the valley.


title: Imperial County, California

text: During the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, the county attracted migrating "Okies" from drought-ridden farms on the plains by the need of migrant labor. More prosperous job-seekers also arrived from across the U.S. in the 1930s and 1940s. American entry into World War II stimulated the growth of jobs and need to expanded agriculture, and the All American Canal was completed from its source, the Colorado River, to Imperial Valley from 1948 to 1951. By the 1950 census, more than 50,000 residents lived in Imperial County alone, about 40 times the population of 1910. Most of the population was year-round, but would increase every winter by migrant laborers from Mexico. Until the 1960s, the farms in Imperial County provided substantial economic returns to the company and the valley.


title: Imperial County, California

text: During the Great Recession of 2008–11, El Centro had one of the highest unemployment rates (above 30–34%) in the U.S. In the early 2020s, Imperial ranks as one of California's poorest counties. It has a lower median household income than either the state or national medians.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Fort Yuma is located on the banks of the Colorado River in Winterhaven, California. First established after the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848, it was originally located in the bottoms near the Colorado River, less than below the mouth of the Gila River. It was to defend the newly settled community of Yuma, Arizona on the other side of the Colorado River and the nearby Mexican border. In March 1851 the post was moved to a small elevation on the Colorado's west bank, opposite the present city of Yuma, Arizona, on the site of the former Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción. This site had been occupied by Camp Calhoun, named for John C. Calhoun, established in 1849. Fort Yuma was established to protect the southern emigrant travel route to California and to attempt control of the Yuma Indians in the surrounding area.


title: Imperial County, California

text: NAF El Centro is the winter home of the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, The Blue Angels. NAF El Centro historically kicks off the Blue Angels' season with their first air show, traditionally held in March.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The city of Imperial is home to the California Mid-Winter Fair and Fiesta which is the local county fair, held in late February to early March. It is also home to the Imperial Valley Speedway, a race track of .


title: Imperial County, California

text: The name Algodones Dunes refers to the entire geographic feature, while the administrative designation for that portion managed by the Bureau of Land Management is the "Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area" (sometimes called the "Glamis Dunes"). The Algodones Sand Dunes are the largest mass of sand dunes in California. This dune system extends for more than along the eastern edge of the Imperial Valley agricultural region in a band averaging in width. A major east–west route of the Union Pacific railroad skirts the eastern edge. The dune system is divided into three areas. The northernmost area is known as Mammoth Wash. South of Mammoth Wash is the North Algodones Dunes Wilderness established by the 1994 California Desert Protection Act. This area is closed to motorized use and access is by hiking and horseback. The largest and most heavily used area begins at Highway 78 and continues south just past Interstate 8. The expansive dune formations offer picturesque scenery, a chance to view rare plants and animals, and a playground for ATV and off-roading enthusiasts. The dunes are also popular in film making and have been the site for movies such as "Return of the Jedi".


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Colorado River streams through the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The natural course of the river flows from north of Grand Lake, Colorado, into the Gulf of California. For many months out of the year, however, no water actually flows from the United States to the gulf, due to human use. The river is a popular destination for water sports, including fishing, boating, water skiing, and jet skiing.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Salvation Mountain (location ) is an artificial mountain north of Calipatria, California, near Slab City. It is made from adobe, straw, and thousands of gallons of paint. It was created by Leonard Knight to convey the message that "God Loves Everyone". Knight refused substantial donations of money and labor from supporters who wished to modify his message of universal love to favor or disfavor particular groups.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, portions of which are located in Imperial County, is the largest state park in California. of dirt roads, twelve wilderness areas, and many more miles of hiking trails provide visitors with an unparalleled opportunity to experience the wonders of the Colorado Desert. The park’s name is a combination of the last name of Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza, and the Spanish word for bighorn sheep, " borrego". The park features many sweeping vistas, washes (wadis), rocky outcrops, boulder-strewn hillsides, in addition to the vast expanses of sandy desert; in springtime (especially after periods of rain), these areas appear to change shape, as they come alive with blooming wildflowers, flowering and fruiting cacti and numerous other species of native flora. Fauna that visitors may also have the chance to see include the bobcat, coyote, golden eagle, kit fox, mule deer, mountain lion, red-tailed hawk and roadrunner, as well as the iconic desert subspecies of bighorn sheep (formerly more common, across the southwest U.S. and northern Mexico). Many varied reptile species call the area home, such as the banded gecko, chuckwalla, desert iguana, desert tortoise, desert sidewinder, gopher snake, kingsnake, red diamond rattlesnake and the rosy boa.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Located near Ocotillo, California in the Coyote Mountains, "Fossil Canyon " (and the surrounding area) is a great place for rock-hounding and fossil hunting. The fossils here are not necessarily of dinosaurs; more commonly found are ancient oyster and seashell, coral, and other marine life from the prehistoric Miocene epoch, when the entire area was submerged as part of the Western Interior Seaway.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The "Painted Gorge", located on the eastern side of the Coyote Mountains, consists of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rock; Heat and movement over time has created fantastic shapes and colors. Dark ochre, iron-reds, royal purples, and mauves (mixed with dark browns/black) create a palette of color as the sun illuminates and plays shadows upon this geologic wonder.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Imperial National Wildlife Refuge protects wildlife habitat along of the lower Colorado River in Arizona and California, including the last un-channeled section before the river enters Mexico. The river and its associated backwater lakes and wetlands are a green oasis, contrasting with the surrounding desert mountains. It is a refuge and breeding area for migratory birds and local desert wildlife.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge is located north of the Mexican border at the southern end of the Salton Sea in California's Imperial Valley. Situated along the Pacific Flyway, the refuge is the only one of its kind, located below sea level. Because of its southern latitude, elevation, and location in the Colorado Desert, the refuge experiences some of the highest temperatures in the nation. Daily temperatures from May to October generally exceed with temperatures of recorded yearly.


title: Imperial County, California

text: A unique attraction of the town of Felicity is the Museum of History in Granite. The museum exhibits granite monuments made from Missouri Red Granite. Each is long. Subjects include a Korean War Memorial, History of Arizona, The Wall for the Ages, the eight monument History of Humanity, and the History of the United States of America. Smaller monuments include the Felicity Stone (sm), a Rosetta Stone for the future located at the center of the History of Humanity monuments.


title: Imperial County, California

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (6.8%) is water. Much of Imperial County is below sea level. Imperial County is roughly twice the size in total square miles as the State of Delaware.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Colorado River forms the county's eastern boundary. Two notable geographic features are found in the county, the Salton Sea, at below sea level, and the Algodones Dunes, one of the largest dune fields in America.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The Chocolate Mountains are located east of the Salton Sea, and extend in a northwest–southeast direction for approximately .


title: Imperial County, California

text: In this region, the geology is dominated by the transition of the tectonic plate boundary from rift to fault. The southernmost strands of the San Andreas Fault connect the northernmost extensions of the East Pacific Rise. Consequently, the region is subject to earthquakes, and the crust is being stretched, resulting in a sinking of the terrain over time. Related to the active geology are some interesting hydrothermal features.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The 2010 United States Census reported that Imperial County had a population of 174,528. The racial makeup of Imperial County was 102,553 (58.8%) White, 5,773 (3.3%) African American, 3,059 (1.8%) Native American, 2,843 (1.6%) Asian, 165 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 52,413 (30.0%) from other races, and 7,722 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 140,271 persons (80.4%).


title: Imperial County, California

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 142,361 people, 39,384 households, and 31,467 families residing in the county. The population density was 34 people per square mile (13/km). There were 43,891 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (4/km). The racial makeup of the county was 49.4% White, 4.0% Black or African American, 1.9% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 39.1% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. 72.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 65.7% spoke Spanish at home, while 32.3% spoke only English.


title: Imperial County, California

text: There were 39,384 households, out of which 46.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.77.


title: Imperial County, California

text: In the county, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.4 males.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The median income for a household in the county was $31,870, and the median income for a family was $35,226. Males had a median income of $32,775 versus $23,974 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,239. About 19.4% of families and 22.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County has the lowest per capita income of any county in Southern California and among the bottom five counties in the state.


title: Imperial County, California

text: By 2006 the population had risen to 160,201, the population growth rate since the year 2000 was 30%, the highest in California and fifth highest in the United States in the time period. High levels of immigration, new residents search for affordable homes, and a search for retirement homes can explain the population increase.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The county is governed by the Imperial County Board of Supervisors, a five-member board elected by districts. Supervisors serve four-year terms. Other elected county officials include the Assessor, Auditor-Controller, District Attorney, County Clerk-Recorder, Public Administrator, Sheriff-Coroner, and Treasurer-Tax Collector. The county is run on a day-to-day basis by the County Executive Officer, who is currently Robin Hodgkin, on an interim basis. The county is advised as to legal matters by the County Counsel, who is currently Katherine K. Turner.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Previously strongly Republican, Imperial County is now a Democratic stronghold in presidential, congressional and local elections. The last Republican to win a majority in the county was George H. W. Bush in 1988.


title: Imperial County, California

text: On November 4, 2008, Imperial County voted 69.7% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages, showing more support for the proposition than any other strongly Democratic county. After Prop 8 was declared unconstitutional by a lower federal court, Imperial County continued to defend Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system. However, on February 6, 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied Imperial County legal standing in the case Hollingsworth v. Perry.


title: Imperial County, California

text: The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Thousands of acres of prime farmland have transformed the desert into one of the most productive farming regions in California with an annual crop production of over $1 billion. Agriculture is the largest industry in Imperial County and accounts for 48% of all employment. Although this region is a desert, with high temperatures and low average rainfall of per year, the economy is heavily based on agriculture due to irrigation, which is supplied wholly from the Colorado River via the All-American Canal.


title: Imperial County, California

text: A vast system of canals, check dams, and pipelines carry the water all over the valley, a system which forms the Imperial Irrigation District, or IID. The water distribution system includes over of canal and with of pipeline. The number of canal and pipeline branches number roughly over a hundred. Imported water and a long growing season allow two crop cycles each year, and the Imperial Valley is a major source of winter fruits and vegetables, cotton, and grain for U.S. and international markets. Alfalfa is another major crop produced in the Imperial Valley. The agricultural lands are served by a constructed agricultural drain system, which conveys surface runoff and subsurface drainage from fields to the Salton Sea, which is a designated repository for agricultural runoff. Imperial County produces nearly 2/3 of all vegetables consumed by Americans during the winter.


title: Imperial County, California

text: El Centro is the commercial center of Imperial County. Fifty percent of the jobs in El Centro come from the service and retail sector.


title: Imperial County, California

text: A recent growth in the interest of Imperial County as a filming location, has spurred growth in servicing this industry. Because of the county's desert environment and proximity to Los Angeles, California, movies are sometimes filmed in the sand dunes outside the agricultural portions of the county. These have included "Return of the Jedi", "Stargate", "The Scorpion King", and "Into the Wild". Additionally, portions of the 2005 film "Jarhead" were filmed here because of its similarity to the desert terrain of Iraq.


title: Imperial County, California

text: In 2016, Imperial County had the highest unemployment rate of any county in the United States, at 23.5%.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Cotton in Imperial County and Riverside is predominantly Bt cotton. This is in contrast to the rest of the state, which largely relies on non-incorporated pesticides. The introduction of Bt cotton has dramatically reduced pesticide use here.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial Valley has become a hotbed of renewable energy projects, both solar and geothermal. This is driven in part by California's mandate to generate 20% of its power from renewable sources by the end of 2010, the valley's excellent sun resources, the high unemployment, its proximity to large population centers on the coast, and large tracts of otherwise unusable desert land. Much of the land suitable for green energy is owned by the federal government (Bureau of Land Management). As of April 2008, the BLM has received 163 applications to build renewable energy projects on in California. Almost all of these are planned for the Imperial Valley and the desert region north of the valley. Stirling Energy is currently building one of the world's largest solar thermal plants, with 38,000 "sun catchers," it will power up to 600,000 homes once it is fully operational by around 2015. CalEnergy currently runs a geothermal plant that generates enough power for 300,000 homes and could tap into more for up to 2.5 million homes.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County is at the junction of one interstate, and three state highways. Radiating to the east and west are connections to the Arizona Sun Corridor and San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area via Interstate 8, Blythe, and northern San Diego County via State Route 78, the Mexicali Valley via State Route 111, and the Coachella Valley, Inland Empire, and Los Angeles metropolitan area via State Route 86.


title: Imperial County, California

text: Imperial County is served by Greyhound Lines and Imperial Valley Transit buses. Through a partnership between Imperial County Transportation Commission (ICTC), the Yuma County Intergovernmental Public Transportation Authority (YCIPTA), and the Quechan Indian Tribe, Yuma County Area Transit buses serve portions of Imperial County and connects it to Yuma, Arizona. Amtrak trains on the Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle route also travel through the county, but with no scheduled stops; the nearest stop is in Yuma, Arizona.


title: Imperial County, California

text: 442/760 – Covers all of the El Centro metropolitan area as well as Palm Springs, Oceanside, Bishop, Ridgecrest, Barstow, and Needles; northern San Diego County; and southeastern California, including much of the Mojave Desert and the Owens Valley. Area code 760 split from area code 619 on March 22, 1997, and was overlaid with area code 442 in 2009.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: The Dance is a live album by the British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 19 August 1997. It hailed the return of the band's most successful lineup of Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Christine McVie, John McVie, and Stevie Nicks, who had not released an album together since 1987's "Tango in the Night", a decade earlier. It was the first Fleetwood Mac release to top the U.S. album charts since 1982's "Mirage".


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: "The Dance" was the last Fleetwood Mac album to feature Christine McVie as a full-time member before she left a year after the album's release although she returned to the band in 2014 to tour. Debuting at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200 with sales of 199,000, "The Dance" became the fifth best-selling live album of all time in the United States, selling a million copies within eight weeks, spending more than seven months within the top 40, and eventually selling over 6,000,000 copies worldwide. The DVD version has been certified 9× platinum in Australia for selling 135,000 copies. The 44 date tour grossed $36 million.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: Unlike 1980's "Live", which was a collection of live recordings over a series of 60 shows, "The Dance" was recorded in one night, albeit with good isolation to allow for overdubs. The concert was recorded for Fleetwood Mac's MTV" The Dance" special at Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California, on 23 May 1997, and features the University of Southern California Marching Band who perform on the tracks "Tusk" (having played on the original studio recording) and "Don't Stop".


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: Although the album is predominantly a live greatest hits package, "The Dance" also features new material written by each of the primary songwriting members of the band (with two from Buckingham) as well as popular album tracks. For example, "Bleed to Love Her" was a previously unreleased track when "The Dance" was released, although a studio recording of the song was later included on the "Say You Will" (2003) album. No tracks from the "Mirage" album were included on the CD, although "Gypsy" was included in the video and DVD versions.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: A banjo was played during this recording of "Say You Love Me", an interesting difference from the original album version. Also John McVie sang backup on this version of the song.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: The album was titled for Henri Matisse's painting, "Dance", which was at one point supposed to be used as the album cover but couldn't be licensed. The album cover photo, taken by David LaChapelle, has Mick Fleetwood recreating his pose from the cover of "Rumours", the band's most successful album, and Lindsey Buckingham holding the cane used on the cover of the "Fleetwood Mac" album, "Rumours"<nowiki>' predecessor.</nowiki>


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: This album spawned three singles in the USA: "Landslide", "The Chain", and "Silver Springs" which earned the band three Grammy nominations in 1998, in the categories of "Best Pop Album", "Best Rock Performance by a Group or Duo with Vocal" for "The Chain" and "Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals" for "Silver Springs". A fourth single, "Temporary One," was released in some European markets.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: The band later embarked on a 44-date tour across the United States with one stop in Canada in support of "The Dance". The setlist was similar to that of the album, but with "Over My Head" and "My Little Demon" being replaced by "Oh Daddy", "Second Hand News", "Stand Back", "Farmer's Daughter" (a cover of the Beach Boys song from "Surfin' U.S.A."), and "Not That Funny". "Eyes of the World" was played instead of "Second Hand News" on opening night in Hartford, Connecticut.


title: The Dance (Fleetwood Mac album)

text: <nowiki>****</nowiki> Later released (as an edited version) on the 3-CD Deluxe three-disc edition of "50 Years – Don't Stop"


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: Melt My Eyez See Your Future is the fifth studio album by American rapper Denzel Curry, released through PH and Loma Vista Recordings on March 25, 2022. The album includes features from Robert Glasper, Buzzy Lee, Saul Williams, Bridget Perez, T-Pain, 6lack, Rico Nasty, JID, Jasiah, 454, and Slowthai, and production from Cardo, FnZ, Thundercat, JPEGMafia, and Kenny Beats, among others. It was preceded by the singles "Walkin", "Zatoichi", and "Troubles". The album received widespread acclaim from critics, with reviewers praising Curry's lyrical abilities and the album's production.


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: Denzel Curry first began envisioning the album's themes in 2018, and began working on it after the completion of his 2019 album, "Zuu". In a May 2020 interview with "XXL", he shared his plans to retire from making music after releasing three more full-length bodies of work. His first collaboration extended play with Kenny Beats, "Unlocked", was released on February 7, 2020, followed by a remixed version of the EP, titled "Unlocked 1.5", on March 5, 2021. He revealed the album title in a November 2021 interview with "Las Vegas Weekly". "Melt My Eyez" is a metaphor for people's tendency to avoid facing difficult topics in day-to-day life, while "See Your Future" is motivation for moving on by putting one's past behind and focusing on what's yet to come. The album's themes were also inspired by several classic works of cinema, including "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly", "A Fistful of Dollars", "For a Few Dollars More", "The Mandalorian", "Return of the Jedi", "Sanjuro", "Yojimbo", "Seven Samurai", and "Ran".


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: It is said to be his most mature body of work yet. He talked about retiring some of his past alter egos in favor of embracing his true personality and feelings through the music: "I'm not trying to be Zeltron. I'm not trying to be Aquarius Killa. I'm not trying to be Raven Miyagi. I'm not trying to be any of those personalities or any of those people. I'm Denzel. I'm a human being. I have feelings." He intended for the album to go in an entirely different direction from his previous works, calling it "the end of an era" and telling fans they were not going to "hear the same type of Denzel anymore".


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: Curry announced the album on January 5, 2022, by sharing a "Western-style" teaser trailer to his official YouTube channel. The short trailer depicts Curry walking through a desert alone while an appropriate instrumental plays, before displaying a list of people who are featured or have worked on the album, among them: T-Pain, Rico Nasty, JID, Slowthai, Thundercat, Robert Glasper, Karriem Riggins, and Dot the Genius. On January 24, the single "Walkin" was released, along with a similarly Western- and sci-fi-inspired music video directed by Adrian Villagomez. That same day, Curry announced a North American and European tour with special guests Kenny Mason, Mike Dimes, Redveil, and PlayThatBoiZay. On February 24, another single—"Zatoichi" featuring Slowthai, titled after the Japanese fictional character—was released, also accompanied by a music video directed by Villagomez. On March 18, Curry revealed the album was to be released on March 25. On March 21, a third single—"Troubles" featuring T-Pain—was released, along with a music video starring the two. The album was released on March 25, 2022.


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: On June 1, 2022, a remix of "Walkin" featuring Key Glock, was released as the first single for the extended version of the album.


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: On September 30, 2022, the extended edition was released featuring 10 new songs recorded by Curry and the Cold Blooded Soul Band, as well as two previously unreleased songs— "Larger Than Life" and "Chrome Hearts" (featuring Zacari). The album was promoted with a livestream concert: Melt My Eyez: Live From the Komodo City Cafe, on September 29.


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: "Melt My Eyez See Your Future" was met with widespread critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 85, based on eight reviews. Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 8.3 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: Robin Murray of "Clash" described the album as a "breathless, breath-taking experience" and awarded it a score of nine out of ten. Kyann-Sian Williams of "NME" gave it five out of five stars, calling Curry "the Renaissance man of Southern hip-hop" and praising his ability to "[provide] a priceless sense of self-discovery as he explores his countless facets." David Crone of AllMusic applauded Curry's "reflections on past misdoings [...] while his verses are packed with slick wordplay." Alisdair Grice of "DIY" said, "It feels like an album not caught in time, instead spanning and encompassing it". Alex Nguyen from "Beats Per Minute" enjoyed the album, saying, ""Melt My Eyez See Your Future" is a profound exploration of the state of the world and Curry himself. He works with a diverse set of producers and collaborators to transform his sound and incorporates the aesthetics of Westerns and the samurai films that inspired them to disclose his inner feelings and personality". Blaise Radley of "Dork" said, "Taken as a whole, this is the sort of cohesive artistic statement he's been aching to make for years". Reviewing the album for "HipHopDX", Ben Brutocao stated, "It's not an ambitious but heavy-handed declaration of truth ("Ta13oo"), nor is it an all-encompassing love letter to his home state ("Zuu"). It's just a rap album, albeit a very good one, and it shows just how dynamic and forceful Denzel Curry can be when he releases himself from the poisonous burden of perfection".


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: "Kerrang!" critic Emma Wilkes said, "While this record isn't going to lure rock purists out of their dens, it has greater ambitions in mind, and the amount it achieves in the space that it does is staggering. For any artist of any genre, this is the textbook for innovation". Writing for "The Line of Best Fit", Steven Loftin stated, "An exploration of his wildest ideas and most focused inner thoughts, "Melt My Eyez See Your Future" comes together like a cataclysmic showing of everything he's learned, and most importantly, he's embracing himself". In a positive review, "Pitchfork"s Steven Kearse said, "On "Melt My Eyez See Your Future", Curry again retools his sound, trading livewire energy for introspection and vulnerability. The album lacks the vividness of his past releases, but its concept offers a glimpse into Curry's roving mind".


title: Melt My Eyez See Your Future

text: "Melt My Eyez See Your Future" debuted at number 51 on the US "Billboard" 200, and number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.


title: William Orbit

text: William Mark Wainwright (born 15 December 1956), known professionally as William Orbit, is a British musician and record producer who has sold 200 million recordings worldwide of his own work, his production and song-writing work. He is a recipient of multiple Grammy Awards, Ivor Novello Awards and other music industry awards.


title: William Orbit

text: Orbit (Wainwright) was raised in Palmers Green, a suburb of London. His parents were both schoolteachers; he was the elder of two sons. He left school at the age of 16, and subsisted for a number of years in various low-paying jobs, while seeking an outlet for his creativity. Around this time, while rooming with a friend who was trying to start a recording studio, Orbit found his musical calling.


title: William Orbit

text: In 1980, Orbit teamed up with electronic musician Laurie Mayer and Grant Gilbert to form the electronic/synth group Torch Song. They initially self-released recordings in an audio cassette series, generated from their home-built studio in a disused school in Notting Hill Gate, in London, alongside the Grand Union Canal. Richard Law, who was A&R for IRS Records, was a follower of their music and aesthetic, and took it to industry mogul Miles Copeland, who had discovered and managed the Police and the Bangles in 1981. When Copeland signed them to the label the deal enabled them to build their ideal studio. There they recorded two albums and four singles, the most successful being the dance chart hit "Prepare to Energize", which was featured in the film "Bachelor Party". Orbit and Mayer also composed the soundtrack to the ice hockey movie "Youngblood", starring Rob Lowe and Patrick Swayze, and recorded "White Night", written by colleague Rico Conning, which was used in "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2". The band reunited briefly when Orbit worked with Laurie Mayer and Rico Conning. They released their final album, Toward the Unknown Region in 1995.


title: William Orbit

text: This first incarnation of Guerilla Studios had a Trident 80B mixing desk and Otari MTR90 MKII 24 track (2 inch tape) multitrack housed in a back garden on the canals of Little Venice in Paddington, and they also ran it as a commercial enterprise.


title: William Orbit

text: Bassomatic was another of Orbit's group projects. The band recorded house music in the 1990s. The band included vocalist Sharon Musgrave and rapper Steve Roberts, also known as MC Inna Onestep amongst others. For the second album, singer Sindy Finn replaced Musgrave on vocals. Both albums were released by Guerilla Studios, founded by Orbit with Laurie Mayer and Grant Gilbert.


title: William Orbit

text: Bassomatic's first album was 1990's "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Bass", the title track derived from Pink Floyd's "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun". This album was re-released in 1997. A subsequent album, "Science and Melody", was released in 1991.


title: William Orbit

text: Bassomatic's biggest hit single was "Fascinating Rhythm" in 1990, which reached No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart, and performed well on the UK Dance Chart.


title: William Orbit

text: Around this time, Orbit's studio chiefly consisted of a pair of Akai S1000 samplers and a Roland Juno-106 synthesiser.


title: William Orbit

text: Collaborations and productions included Prince, Madonna, Britney Spears, Mel C, Pink, U2, Katie Melua, Ricky Martin, Beth Orton, Sarah McLachlan, Queen, The Joy Formidable, Robbie Williams, All Saints, Kraftwerk, Harry Enfield and Sugababes. When working with Beck, the two of them wrote a song for Pink, "Feel Good Time," which Orbit then produced for the soundtrack for the 2003 film "".


title: William Orbit

text: Orbit had created remixes for Madonna previously such as those of "Justify My Love" and "Erotica" but did not meet her personally until 1997. That summer and autumn, they worked together and produced her multi-Grammy/award-winning seventh album "Ray of Light". The album took four months to record and it was the longest she ever spent recording an album. It was released on 22 February 1998.


title: William Orbit

text: In 2000, Orbit continued working for Madonna on her album "Music", recorded at The Hit Factory in New York.


title: William Orbit

text: In 2011, he worked with a team of writers including Jean-Baptiste Kouame, Julie Frost and Klas Ahlund and brought their compositions and his production work to contribute to the twelfth studio album by Madonna, "MDNA", released on 23 March 2012, by Interscope Records. He co-produced 6 tracks on the album, including "Masterpiece" which won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song in the Miramax film "W.E.", at the 69th Golden Globe Awards. After the release of the album, Orbit openly expressed in various media sources his dissatisfaction and disappointment with this Madonna project.


title: William Orbit

text: In 2018, he worked on "After All", a song by English-Canadian girl group All Saints from their fifth studio album, "Testament" (2018). Written by group member Shaznay Lewis along with Peter Hutchings and Orbit, whilst produced by the latter, it was released as the album's second single on 26 July 2018.


title: William Orbit

text: Inspired and encouraged by Rob Dickins, Orbit's first commercial release in the classical sphere was "Pieces in a Modern Style". It was originally released in May 1995 on Orbit's N-Gram Recordings label, and then again in 2000 by Warner Music in the UK and Europe, and on Maverick in the U.S. The album reached No 2 in the UK album charts. The first single release from the album was "Barber’s Adagio for Strings", and a dance remix of the track by Dutch DJ Ferry Corsten was hugely successful. The single reached number 4 in the national singles chart. In 2010 he teamed with Rico Conning and Laurie Mayer to make a follow up album, '′Pieces in a Modern Style 2′', which was released as a two-disc set on the Decca label. The album featured German countertenor Andreas Scholl on an interpretation of Henry Purcell's "Dido’s Lament".


title: William Orbit

text: In 2007, he took part in Alex Poots’ Manchester International Festival, and composed a symphonic work in nine movements, "Orchestral Suite" which was performed by the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, augmented by additional harps, pianos and percussion, and with The Manchester Chorale, conducted by Alexander Shelley at Bridgewater Hall.


title: William Orbit

text: In the early '90s, Orbit briefly developed a new label which he called N'Gram. During the N'Gram period, he co-directed a showcase of the label at Queen Elizabeth Hall on London's Southbank. The acts included The Electric Chamber (which performed the "Pieces" album), Strange Cargo, and Torch Song.


title: William Orbit

text: He participated in the Liberatum International Cultural Festival in Russia, during which he performed DJ sets in Moscow and Novosibirsk, Siberia.


title: William Orbit

text: In 2013, Orbit worked with Britney Spears and will.i.am on the album "Britney Jean", with fellow songwriters Ana Diaz and Dan Traynor with whom he wrote and produced the track "Alien".


title: William Orbit

text: He was one of the writers and one of the producers on the Chris Brown song "Don't Wake Me Up" which was recorded at Record Plant in LA and for which he received an ASCAP award in 2013.


title: William Orbit

text: This was followed by a production of the Queen track "There Must Be More to Life Than This", which featured archive vocals by Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson. Orbit went on to produce another Queen song, "Let Me in Your Heart Again".


title: William Orbit

text: In 2015, his composition "The Name of the Wave" was used in the Oscar winning documentary "Amy" directed by Asif Kapadia.


title: William Orbit

text: He performed in 2015 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and at a gala at Banqueting House in London's Whitehall for the charity Together for Short Lives, a group that sponsors and supports children with terminal illnesses and their families.


title: William Orbit

text: More recently, Orbit has deejayed at various clubs in London and Ibiza and at Buckingham Palace for Her Majesty The Queen's annual staff and family Christmas party.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: I'm Your Baby Tonight is the third studio album by American singer Whitney Houston released on November 6, 1990, by Arista Records. The album has been certified quadruple platinum in the US by the RIAA.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: By 1989, Whitney Houston had become one of the most successful musicians in the industry, with her last two albums - "Whitney Houston" (1985) and "Whitney" (1987) - having sold a combined 30 million copies at the time. Houston's crossover blend of pop and R&B had helped her to break barriers on pop radio and on MTV, which along with the commercial breakthrough of Michael Jackson, led to the music industry enjoying "the best time for crossover artists since the height of disco in the mid-to-late '70s", according to journalist Frank Rizzo in 1987. Despite this, however, some black critics began to voice their disapproval of Houston's music, especially with her sophomore release, "Whitney", which included the number-one hits, the dance pop hit "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" and, in particular, the rock song, "So Emotional", accusing the singer of "selling out". They also felt that her records lacked the soul of her live performances of the same songs. While attending the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards, Houston's name was jeered by some in the audience after she was announced as a nominee in a category. Houston defended herself against the criticism telling "Essence" magazine in 1990, "If you're gonna have a long career, there's a certain way to do it and I did it that way. I'm not ashamed of it."


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: Still, both Houston and her label head Clive Davis agreed to go into a more urban direction as popular music was starting to embrace a new urban pop sound called new jack swing. As the material on her previous albums had been picked by the label, Houston wanted more creative control over the album's content. As a result, Houston would serve as an executive producer for the first time on an album. She recruited the new jack swing production team of L.A. Reid and Babyface, citing their work on Bobby Brown's "Don't Be Cruel", to help her with her new direction. The duo would present the songs "I'm Your Baby Tonight", "My Name Is Not Susan", their sole ballad "Miracle" and "Anymore". Houston also recruited longtime idol Stevie Wonder on the album with the two collaborating on the Wonder-composed duet, "We Didn't Know", while longtime friend, singer Luther Vandross, penned the dance-pop song "Who Do You Love".


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: Houston would also produce a song herself, "I'm Knockin'", which was written for her by longtime musical collaborator and the musical director of her concert tours, Rickey Minor and BeBe Winans. Houston would co-produce and co-write another song with Winans titled "Takin' a Chance". Houston and Davis kept previous producers Michael Masser and Narada Michael Walden. With Masser, Houston was received the soft rock song, "After We Make Love", which would end up being their last collaboration together, while with Walden, Houston recorded the songs "I Belong to You", "Lover for Life", and the Linda Clifford ballad "All the Man That I Need", the sole cover of the album. Houston and Walden also worked on songs such as "Higher Love", "Dancing on the Smooth Edge" and "Feels So Good". At the end, "Takin' a Chance" and the three latter Walden productions were left off the album's final track list, except in Japan where "Higher Love" and "Takin' a Chance" were featured.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: "I'm Your Baby Tonight"s Walden-produced songs are divided by contemporary dance-pop tracks and ornate ballads, while Reid and Babyface's productions reappropriate 1970s black pop and danceable funk with aggressive 1980s dance rhythms. According to AllMusic's Ashley S. Battel, Houston "attempts to make a larger foray into dance music" with this album, while David Browne observed light synthesizer flourishes, thumping drum beats, and "dance-fever settings" throughout. James Hunter of "Rolling Stone" described the album as "a case study in how much [Houston] can get out of her luscious and straightforward vocal gifts within a dancepop framework." J. D. Considine wrote that Houston's singing on the album features "sultry moans, note-bending asides, [and] window-rattling gospel shouts". "Rolling Stone" magazine's Jim Macnie said that the album "displayed a slick R&B edge" and features "funk-and-dance-driven pop".


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: In the United States, "I'm Your Baby Tonight" debuted at number 22 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, the issue dated November 24, 1990. In its second week, it leaped to number five and the following week reached its peak position at number three. The album spent 22 weeks in the top ten and was on the chart for a total of 51 weeks. It also debuted at number 10 on the "Billboard" Top R&B Albums chart, the issue date of December 1, 1990, and reached the number one in three weeks later. It stayed on the top of the chart for eight non-consecutive weeks and was present on the chart for a total of 53 weeks. Due to its great performance on the chart, it became the #1 R&B album on the "Billboard" year-end charts for 1991. The album was certified 4× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on April 5, 1995, and since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales data in May 1991, it sold, as of 2009, 1,728,000 copies in the United States, an amount which does not include copies sold in the first months of release and sales through BMG Music Club. It is not its sales total, as the biggest part of the sales occurred between November, 1990, before there was Nielsen SoundScan.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: The album was a hit internationally though its sales didn't reach the level as high as the previous two albums, boosting Houston to global super-stardom. In the U.K., it entered the UK Albums Chart at number 6 on November 17, 1990, and peaked at number 4 nine weeks later. The British Phonographic Industry certified it Platinum for shipments of 300,000 units on November 1, 1990. In Germany, the album peaked at number three on the Media Control Albums Chart, receiving Platinum certification for shipments of 500,000 copies by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie in 1991. It also reached the top five in other countries such as Austria, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. To date the album has sold approximately 10 million copies worldwide.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: "I'm Your Baby Tonight" yielded four top-twenty singles on the Hot 100 Singles chart, and six top-twenty singles on the Hot R&B Singles chart between 1990 and 1992. "I'm Your Baby Tonight" and "All the Man That I Need" both reached number 1. This success earned Houston a ranking of number 3 Pop singles artist and number 1 R&B singles artist on the 1991 "Billboard" year-end charts.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: The title track, "I'm Your Baby Tonight", was released as the first single from the album in October 1990. While the L.A. Reid/Babyface mix version was released in the United States, an alternate Yvonne Turner mix, labeled the international version or European version, was released in other countries. The single debuted at number forty-two on the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart in the week ending October 20, 1990. Six weeks later, in the issue dated December 1, 1990, it reached number one and stayed there for a week, becoming Houston's eighth number-one single on the chart. It also peaked at number one in the same week on the Hot R&B Singles chart and remained on the top for two weeks, making it her fourth R&B chart topper. In addition, the song peaked at number seven on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart, spending a total of twenty-eight weeks on the chart. The single was certified Gold for shipments of 500,000 copies by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 27, 1990. Worldwide it was a big hit during her European promotion in November–December 1990. In Italy, it reached number one on the "Musica e dischi" singles chart in November 1990 and remained atop for five weeks, becoming her second number-one song on the chart, after 1987's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)". In the United Kingdom, the single entered the UK Singles Chart at number sixteen on October 20, 1990, and peaked at number five two weeks later, becoming her eighth top ten hit. It also reached the top five in many countries such as Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. It also went top ten in Australia and Ireland. Houston was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female with this track at the 33rd Grammy Awards of 1991.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: Houston's remake of a ballad, "All the Man That I Need" was the album's second single, released in December 1990. The single achieved great success on the "Billboard" charts. It debuted at number fifty-three on the Hot 100 on December 22, 1990, and topped the chart nine weeks later, in the issue dated February 23, 1991. On March 2, 1991, when it reached the number one on the Hot R&B Singles chart, the single enjoyed its second and third week at the top of the Hot 100 and Hot Adult Contemporary chart, respectively. As a result, it became her first single to top the Hot 100, Hot R&B, and Hot Adult Contemporary chart simultaneously—which "I Will Always Love You" also achieved for five weeks in 1992/93—and overall her third triple-crown hit, after 1985's "Saving All My Love for You" and 1986's "How Will I Know" both reached the top spot on those three charts in different weeks. The RIAA certified it Gold on March 21, 1991. Unlike the United States, it was a modest hit globally. It peaked at number one on the Canadian "RPM" Top 100 Singles chart for one week and number ten on Belgian VRT Top 30 chart. However, it only reached the top twenty in Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. With this song, Houston received a nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female at the 34th Grammy Awards in 1992, which was her fifth nomination in that category.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: After the release of "The Star Spangled Banner" single, "Miracle" was released as the third single from the album in April 1991. It peaked at number nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on June 8, 1991, becoming her thirteenth top ten hit on the chart. It also reached number two and number four, on the Hot R&B Singles and Adult Contemporary chart, respectively.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: The album's fourth single "My Name Is Not Susan" was released in July 1991. In September, the song peaked at number twenty on the Hot 100 and number eight on the Hot R&B, becoming her fifteenth R&B top ten hit.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: A fifth single, "I Belong to You", became a top ten R&B single and garnered Houston a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 35th Grammy Awards.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: "We Didn't Know", a duet with Stevie Wonder, was the sixth and final single from the album, released exclusively for R&B airplay in April 1992. It peaked at number twenty on the Hot R&B Singles chart in the issue dated July 4, 1992. Included on the tracklisting of the album's Japanese edition is a cover of Steve Winwood's "Higher Love", which was resurrected by Norwegian DJ Kygo in 2019, and "Takin' a Chance"; the latter became a success in the country.


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: The Music Award is for the most creative and enduring contribution by a performer in live appearances or as a recording artist. Houston was presented this award for her achievements as an award-winning recording, performing and video artist, for her successful "I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour", for her best-selling video and single of "The Star-Spangled Banner" performed at Super Bowl XXV and for her multi-platinum album, "I'm Your Baby Tonight".


title: I'm Your Baby Tonight

text: Categories which Houston was ranked #1, were excluded. See above awards list for her #1-ranked-categories.


title: Alec Holowka

text: Alec Holowka (30 October 1983 – 31 August 2019) was a Canadian indie game developer and co-founder of independent game companies Infinite Ammo, Infinite Fall, and Bit Blot. He was mainly known for the award-winning titles "Night in the Woods" and "Aquaria".


title: Alec Holowka

text: Holowka was introduced to programming at the age of eight when his father bought him the book "Basic Fun". Eventually he began working with a freeware group called "Zaphire Productions". He then worked for a number of failed startups, including one in Winnipeg working on a PC multiplayer fantasy action title and a combat racer in Vancouver for the Xbox 360.


title: Alec Holowka

text: Holowka acted as sound engineer on the 2006 freeware title "I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator" as a response to American lawyer Jack Thompson's "A Modest Video Game Proposal". Holowka met Derek Yu in the comments section of popular technology website Slashdot in a post regarding Jack Thompson's proposal and along with Chris Hanson and Phil Jones formed the group "Thompsonsoft" for the one-off release.


title: Alec Holowka

text: After its release Holowka introduced Yu to a project he had been working on independently, Yu was interested in the project and the two officially formed developer Bit Blot the week before the Independent Games Festival deadline. The project was released on 7 December 2007 under the title "Aquaria", and was the recipient of the Independent Games Festival Seumas McNally Grand Prize for 2007.


title: Alec Holowka

text: In October 2013, Holowka and independent animator Scott Benson successfully crowdfunded the game "Night in the Woods" under the studio name "Infinite Fall". The game was released in 2017 to critical acclaim and won the BAFTA in "Narrative" and the Seumas McNally Grand Prize at the IGF.


title: Alec Holowka

text: In August 2019, Holowka was accused of physical and emotional abuse by Zoë Quinn, whom he had briefly cohabited with in Winnipeg in 2012. The day following the accusation, the "Night in the Woods" development team cut ties with Holowka, with Scott Benson writing "We take such allegations seriously as a team". The team stated that other corroborating evidence related to the accusations had been presented to them. The publisher of "Night in the Woods", Finji, backed the team's decision, and also postponed plans to publish physical copies of the game in wake of the allegations.


title: Alec Holowka

text: Four days after allegations of abuse were leveled against him, Holowka committed suicide. According to his sister, who posted to Twitter about his death, Holowka had been "battling mood and personality disorders" through his life and "was a victim of abuse". She explained he had been trying to correct his own disorders in recent years through therapy and medication. She also stated that Holowka "said he wished the best for Zoë and everyone else".


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The Honda Stepwgn (stylised as STEPWGN, pronounced "step wagon") is a minivan produced by Honda since 1996. It is designed with a higher cabin, in contrast to the Odyssey and also the Stream respectively. Additionally, it can accommodate eight people, instead of seven in the Odyssey and Stream. For its first two generations the car had one door on the driver's side and two doors on the passenger's side. The Honda Stepwgn competes against the Nissan Serena, Toyota Noah, Mitsubishi Delica, and formerly, the Mazda Biante.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Japanese sales began on 8 May 1996. At that time, most rival Japanese vehicles usually had the engine mounted under the driver's seat, or a cabover type. The Stepwgn used the latter, and was based on the Civic, to keep prices low - starting from ¥1,548,000 and going up to ¥2,368,000. The passenger side was fitted with a sliding door, to allow easier access. To improve profitability, cost reduction measures were used, such as there being only one engine and transmission option; a two-litre inline-four and a CVT (continuously variable transmission automatic), and the vehicle design reduced the use of steel panels and parts.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Changes for 1997 included standardizing ABS and dual SRS airbags throughout the range and further addition of a number of convenience features.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: A version of the Stepwgn with pop-up observation tent, designed for outdoor leisure pursuits and made out of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP).


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The vehicle received a facelift in May 1999. The appearance of the headlights was altered, and the rear license plate position was moved down.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The second generation Stepwgn used a design that was geared towards families with children. The Stepwgn retained its sliding doors located on one side of the vehicle. The vehicle's seating allows four different seating arrangements: "play mode" (sitting opposite each other), "food mode", "sleep mode" and "cargo mode" (the second row of seats is folded flat). A 2.0L Honda K engine DOHC i-VTEC engine powers the second generation Stepwgn, providing , improving both driving performance and fuel economy. Some parts were stiffened in order to further enhance driving performance.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Early models include i-Series 2.0-liter DOHC i-VTEC engine. Stepwgn Almas models went on sale on 11 June 2001.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: In June 2003, Honda significantly modified the design: both the front and rear fascias were altered to fit the look of other Honda vehicles, and the "Spada" series was introduced, available with a 2.4L K24A DOHC i-VTEC, producing , and unique fenders.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Honda announced the third generation Stepwgn on 26 May 2005. Unlike the previous generations, which only featured sliding doors on one side, the third generation featured sliding doors on both sides, in order to compete with other minivans such as the Nissan Serena and Toyota Noah. Although the size of the car was shrunk, interior accommodation space remained unchanged thanks to a new low-platform chassis which also improved the handling of the vehicle. The overall length had also been shortened, although the platform retains the Civic-based design and employs a thin plastic fuel tank in order to provide a low floor, which was covered in fake wood. The Stepwgn was available with a double wishbone-type suspension with an FF axle or a de-Dion style suspension (4WD models).


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Stepwgn Modulo Concept X Final Room is a concept vehicle based on Stepwgn, with around-vehicle sensors.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Timing Belt: The third generation uses a chain timing belt as the engine is an interference type. Timing chain is the better approach for interference engines as they last the life of the engine.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The third generation Stepwgn is powered by either a 2.0L K20A engine rated , or a 2.4L K24A engine rated .


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The 2.0L model retained a 4-speed automatic transmission, whilst the FWD 2.4L model was fitted with a CVT transmission.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The fourth generation Stepwgn is a full redesign of the model. The new model increased in height and length, but remained the same width, when compared to the previous generation. The Stepwgn Spada model returned, keeping its unique grille and headlamp design. The Stepwgn is available in seven trim levels: G, G L Package, L, Li, Spada S, Spada Z and Spada Zi. The 2.4-litre engine was dropped from the lineup, with only a 2.0-litre petrol option currently available. The Stepwgn is available with either front- or four-wheel-drive across the range.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: Japanese models went on sale in October 2009. Early models include Stepwgn, Stepwgn special-needs vehicle. Stepwgn Spada and Stepwgn Spada special-needs vehicle were added on 23 October 2009.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: In 2012, there were minor changes to the Stepwgn, including a new front grille, a new front bumper, new rear lights and rims. Also, a parking camera was included in all models.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The fifth generation Stepwgn was introduced in April 2015. With an all-new 1.5-liter direct injection VTEC Turbo engine, the fifth generation Stepwgn features a functional cabin space, as well as an innovative tailgate mechanism called the Waku Waku Gate ("Waku Waku" meaning "exciting" in Japanese). The Waku Waku gate is a unique proposition as the rear doors either function as a wide tailgate that opens up or a sub-door that opens to the side. It can be used to get out of the third row seat smoothly and to easily store small cargo without folding.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The Stepwgn got refreshed in September 2017. The Stepwgn Spada Hybrid has a 3 mode powertrain which can switch to being run on EV, Hybrid, or Engine drive mode. It also has a Sport drive mode.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: It is equipped with Honda Sensing and can park on its own perpendicularly and parallel by controlling steering.


title: Honda Stepwgn

text: The sixth-generation Stepwgn was unveiled on 7 January 2022. It is available in three models: Air, Spada and Spada Premium Line. For this generation, the "Waku Waku Gate" mechanism was dropped, in favour of a conventional automatic tailgate release.


title: Abia State

text: Abia State () is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, it is bordered to the north and northeast by the states of Enugu, and Ebonyi, Imo State to the west, Cross River State to the east, Akwa Ibom State to the southeast, and Rivers State to the south. It takes its name from the acronym for four of the state's most populated regions: Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, and Afikpo (but Afikpo was later joined with a part of Enugu state to create Ebonyi state in 1996). The state capital is Umuahia while the largest city and commercial centre is Aba.


title: Abia State

text: Abia is the 32nd largest in area and 27th most populous with an estimated population of over 3,720,000 as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the Niger Delta swamp forests in the far south and the drier Cross–Niger transition forests with some savanna in the rest of the State. Other important geographical features are the Imo and Aba Rivers which flow along the Abia's western and southern borders, respectively.


title: Abia State

text: Modern-day Abia State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, but it is predominantly inhabited by the Igbo people. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Abia State was a part of Arochukwu-based Aro Confederacy before the confederacy was defeated in the early 1900s by British troops in the Anglo-Aro War. After the war, the British incorporated the area into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria; after the merger, Abia became a centre of anti-colonial resistance with the Women's War that started in Oloko.


title: Abia State

text: After independence in 1960, the Abia was a part of the post-independence Eastern Region until 1967 before the region was split and it became part of the East Central State. Less than two months afterwards, the former Eastern Region attempted to secede in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War with Abia as a part of the secessionist state of Biafra. At the war's end and for the reunification of Nigeria, the East Central State was merged as one until 1976 when Imo State](including now-Abia) was formed by the Murtala Muhammed regime. Fifteen years afterwards, Imo State was divided with eastern Imo being broken off to form the old Abia State; but in 1996, part of Abia's northeast was removed to form a part of the new Ebonyi State.


title: Abia State

text: Economically, Abia State is based around the production of crude oil and natural gas along with agriculture, mainly of yams, maize, taro, oil palm, and cassava. A key minor industry is manufacturing, especially in and around Aba. With its fast growing population and industrialization, Abia has the joint-eighth highest Human Development Index in the country.


title: Abia State

text: Abia State occupies about 6,320 square kilometres, it us bounded on the north and northeast by the states of Enugu, and Ebonyi. Imo State to the west, Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State to the east and south east respectively, and Rivers State to the south. The southernmost part of the State lies within the Niger Delta Swamp Forests, while the rest of the state, lies within the Cross–Niger transition forests. The southern portion gets heavy rainfall of about per year and it is intense between the months of April through October. The most important rivers in Abia State are the Imo and Aba Rivers which flow into the Atlantic Ocean through Akwa Ibom State.


title: Abia State

text: Abia State is one of the thirty-six States in Nigeria, and has about seventeen Local Government Areas, out of the 774 Local Government Areas that make up the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abia State was created on the 27th of August 1991, during the government of General Ibrahim Babangida. The State is located in  the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Abia state was created out of Imo State, and the two sister states share boundaries. Abia State is known as one of the constituent states of the Niger Delta region. The state has its capital at Umuahia while the commercial city of the state is Aba. Abia State is also referred to as God's own state. The name "Abia" is an abbreviation of four of Abia state's densely populated regions Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, and Afikpo.


title: Abia State

text: The Igbo people, who are one of the indigenous peoples of the South-eastern part of Nigeria, make up 95% of the population. Their traditional language, Igbo, is in widespread use. English is also widely spoken, and serves as the official language in governance and business. In Abia State over 7  million people are mainly Christians.


title: Abia State

text: Aba experiences a warm and gloomy wet season as well as a scorching and oppressive dry season. The temperature rarely drops below 61°F or rises over 91°F throughout the entire year, fluctuating between 68°F and 88°F.


title: Abia State

text: The beach/pool score indicates that the best time of year to visit Aba for hot-weather activities is from late November to early February.


title: Abia State

text: Crude oil and gas production is a prominent activity, as it contributes over 39% of the State's GDP. However, the indigenous oil companies – through the Marginal Fields Programme (MFP) – have not found it easy to attract the requisite funding and infrastructural capacity, to explore some of the marginal oil fields which are about 50 in the State.


title: Abia State

text: The manufacturing sector only accounts for 2% of the GDP. The industrial centre of the state is in Aba, with textile manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, soap, plastics, cement, footwear, and cosmetics. In addition to the above, Abia State Government has just built a 9,000 capacity multipurpose International Conference Centre in Umuahia. This edifice of international standard was built by Governor T.A Orji, to enhance tourism as well as boost the state economy, through hosting of major International and Local events.


title: Abia State

text: Representing 27% of the GDP, agriculture – which employs 70% of the state workforce – is the second economic sector of Abia. With its adequate seasonal rainfall, Abia has much arable land that produces yams, maize, potatoes, rice, cashews, plantains, taro, and cassava. Oil palm is the most important cash crop.


title: Abia State

text: There are over 100 oil wells and 3 installed flow stations in Abia State. There is also an associated gas plant, Abia/NNPC gas plant. As of 2012, boundary Commission said it returned 42 oil wells from neighbouring Rivers State to Abia. This would have meant Abia being fourth largest oil-producing state in the country. Oil giant, Shell, holds most of the licenses for the wells in the State, and has concentrated on the estimated 50 wells that are considered high-yield.


title: Abia State

text: The State produced 36,000 barrels of crude oil per day; "Imoturu produces 23,000 barrels per day and Isimili flow station produces over 8,000 barrels of crude oil per day. Then four oil wells in Izaku go to Obigo flow station. About 30 oil wells from my village go to Umuri, and about eight oil wells from Umurie go to Afam", lamented Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman of Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC).However, the State has complained of poor funding from its oil revenue federal allocation.


title: Abia State

text: Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) deals with the collection, storing, treatment and disposal of solid waste, to ensure that it does not affect humans, living things and the environment at large. There are factors that influences the Municipal solid waste generation such as income level, local climatic condition, urbanization and economic development. MSW in Aba, Abia State is classified into;


title: Abia State

text: The MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) for a very long time now, like many other cities and urban areas in Nigeria, has in its records reached appalling dimensions.


title: Abia State

text: lung diseases, malaria, parasitic worms, typhoid fever, cholera, etc are on the rise. This has its own d in no small measures by poor MSW


title: Abia State

text: management practices have implications on t.e social, political and economic development of the population


title: Abia State

text: There are six universities in the state: the federal-owned Michael Okpara University of Agriculture at Umudike, the state-owned Abia State University in Uturu, the privately-owned Gregory University in Uturu, Rhema University in Aba, Spiritan University in Umu Nneochi, and Clifford University in Owerrinta. Abia State College of Education (Technical) in Arochukwu, Abia State College Of Health Sciences and Management Technology in Aba, Temple Gate Polytechnic in Aba and Abia State Polytechnic are the other tertiary institutions in the State.


title: Abia State

text: The nearest airport to Abia is Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport (Owerri Airport), it is an hour drive to Umuahia and Aba. It is two hours drive to Port Harcourt International Airport. Akwa Ibom Airport (Akwa Ibom State) can also serve would-be visitors. The distance between Uyo ("Akwa Ibom") and Umuahia (Abia) is: .


title: Abia State

text: The rail transport is also available in the state very effective. Aba is connected to Port Harcourt by rail. Umuahia is connected to Aba and Enugu by rail. The coastal parts of the State are equally accessible using boats and canoes.


title: Abia State

text: The State Government is led by a democratically elected Governor who works closely with members of the state's House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Umuahia. and there are 17 local government areas in the state.


title: Abia State

text: At statehood in 1991, Abia was ruled by Ibrahim Babangida-appointed Military Administrator Frank Ajobena before Ogbonnaya Onu was elected governor later that year under the Third Nigerian Republic. Onu governed for nearly two years before Sani Abacha ended the Third Republic and reinstated full military rule. Under the Abacha regime, three more Military Administrators (Chinyere Ike Nwosu, Temi Ejoor, and Moses Fasanya) were appointed before Abacha's death and the accession of Abdulsalami Abubakar. Abubakar appointed one more Military Administrator, Anthony Obi, before starting the transition to democracy in 1998.


title: Abia State

text: In 1999, Nigeria returned to democracy, and Orji Uzor Kalu was elected governor on the platform of the People's Democratic Party. Consequently, he was sworn in on 29 May 1999. In 2003, when it was time for fresh elections, Kalu re-contested on the platform of the PDP and got a second mandate to govern (the Constitution of Nigeria limits Governors to two terms in office). At the end of Kalu's term in 2007, Theodore Orji (PPA) defeated Onyema Ugochukwu (PDP) in the 2007 gubernatorial election, to become Abia's next Governor. In 2011, Theodore Orji defected from the PPA to the PDP before being re-elected for another four-year term later that year.


title: Abia State

text: In 2015, Okezie Ikpeazu (PDP) was voted in as the ninth Governor of Abia State. Four years later, he won re-election in 2019, defeating Uche Ogah of the All Progressives Congress and Alex Otti of APGA to be sworn in as Governor for a second term on 29 May 2019.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: Resident Evil: Resistance is a 2020 survival horror game developed by NeoBards Entertainment and published by Capcom as the online component for "Resident Evil 3". Released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, it involves four survivor players competing against a mastermind player who can create traps, enemies and other hazards. The game received mixed reviews from critics, who criticized the game for being unbalanced, having technical issues and for lacking dedicated servers.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: "Resident Evil: Resistance" is a survival horror game that puts a team of four survivor players against a mastermind player who can create traps, enemies, and other hazards.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: The game takes place in 1998 just before or during the Raccoon City Destruction Incident, where civilians have been abducted by the Umbrella Intelligence Division. Sent to the "NEST2" facility, they are forced to fight a number of mutants on behalf of senior Umbrella employees to prove the effectiveness of Umbrella's t-Virus project.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: "Resistance" is the first project developed by NeoBards Entertainment. Although the studio was formed in 2017, many of its staff members had previously worked on various projects with Capcom, including "". Development of the game started in 2017 by a team of roughly 120 people, who were based in two offices in Taipei and Suzhou. The idea of having a mastermind player using security cameras to view survivor players was inspired by the fixed camera angles of the first "Resident Evil" games. The game runs on Capcom's proprietary RE Engine. It was announced at the 2019 Tokyo Game Show as "Project Resistance". A beta was released on Steam and PlayStation 4 on March 31, 2020.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: "Resistance" was bundled with the "Resident Evil 3" remake and released on April 3, 2020 because Capcom felt that "Resident Evil 3" on its own does not have as much content as the "Resident Evil 2" remake. Capcom supported the game with additional updates and downloadable content until July 2020. These include the option for survivor players to play as Jill Valentine and a new costume pack which allows survivor players to dress up as Leon S. Kennedy and Claire Redfield from the "Resident Evil 2" remake. Another update introduced the character of Nicholai Ginovaef as a mastermind, allowing players to summon and control Nemesis. Nicholai had been considered a candidate since the early stages of development. A patch that focused on balance adjustments was released on June 19, 2020. Support for the game ended with the final patch released on October 8, 2020.


title: Resident Evil: Resistance

text: "Resistance" received "mixed or average reviews" from critics. "IGN" criticized the game for being unbalanced and for lacking visual diversity. "Shacknews" criticized the game's poor connection quality because it does not have its own dedicated servers. Instead, the player who plays as the mastermind is the host of the game, resulting in the survivor players being at the mercy of the quality of the mastermind's connection. A large number of technical issues were also identified, which were said to make the game almost unplayable. Stutter and the fact it takes almost three seconds for enemies to react after being shot were highlighted as some of the most common issues. "Wccftech" editor Nathan Birch criticized the game's inclusion of microtransactions and loot boxes.


title: Wall

text: A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security, shelter, or soundproofing; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including:


title: Wall

text: The term "wall" comes from Latin "vallum" meaning "...an earthen wall or rampart set with palisades, a row or line of stakes, a wall, a rampart, fortification..." while the Latin word "murus" means a defensive stone wall.


title: Wall

text: English uses the same word to mean an external wall and the internal sides of a room, but this is not universal. Many languages distinguish between the two. In German, some of this distinction can be seen between "Wand" and "Mauer", in Spanish between "pared" and "muro".


title: Wall

text: The purposes of walls in buildings are to support roofs, floors and ceilings; to enclose a space as part of the building envelope along with a roof to give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. In addition, the wall may house various types of utilities such as electrical wiring or plumbing. Wall construction falls into two basic categories: "framed walls" or "mass-walls". In framed walls the load is transferred to the foundation through posts, columns or studs. Framed walls most often have three or more separate components: the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation, and finish elements or surfaces (such as drywall or panelling). Mass-walls are of a solid material including masonry, concrete including slipform stonemasonry, log building, cordwood construction, adobe, rammed earth, cob, earthbag construction, bottles, tin cans, straw-bale construction, and ice. Walls may or may not be leadbearing. Walls are required to conform to the local building and/or fire codes.


title: Wall

text: There are three basic methods walls control water intrusion: moisture storage, drained cladding, or face-sealed cladding. Moisture storage is typical of stone and brick "mass-wall" buildings where moisture is absorbed and released by the walls of the structure itself. "Drained cladding" also known as "screened walls" acknowledges moisture will penetrate the cladding so a "moisture barrier" such as housewrap or felt paper inside the cladding provides a second line of defense and sometimes a "drainage plane" or "air gap" allows a path for the moisture to drain down through and exit the wall. Sometimes ventilation is provided in addition to the drainage plane such as in rainscreen construction. "Face-sealed" also called "barrier wall" or "perfect barrier" cladding relies on maintaining a leak-free surface of the cladding. Examples of face sealed cladding are the early exterior insulation finishing systems, structural glazing, metal clad panels, and corrugated metal.


title: Wall

text: Building walls frequently become works of art, externally and internally, such as when featuring mosaic work or when murals are painted on them; or as design foci when they exhibit textures or painted finishes for effect.


title: Wall

text: In architecture and civil engineering, curtain wall refers to a building facade that is not load-bearing but provides decoration, finish, front, face, or historical preservation.


title: Wall

text: Precast walls are walls which have been manufactured in a factory and then shipped to where it is needed, ready to install. It is faster to install compared to brick and other walls and may have a lower cost compared to other types of wall. Precast walls are cost effective compare to Brick Wall compound wall.


title: Wall

text: Mullion walls are a structural system that carries the load of the floor slab on prefabricated panels around the perimeter.


title: Wall

text: A partition wall is a usually thin wall that is used to separate or divide a room, primarily a pre-existing one. Partition walls are usually not load-bearing, and can be constructed out of many materials, including steel panels, bricks, cloth, plastic, plasterboard, wood, blocks of clay, terracotta, concrete, and glass.


title: Wall

text: Some partition walls are made of sheet glass. Glass partition walls are a series of individual toughened glass panels mounted in wood or metal framing. They may be suspended from or slide along a robust aluminium ceiling track. The system does not require the use of a floor guide, which allows easy operation and an uninterrupted threshold.


title: Wall

text: A timber partition consists of a wooden framework, supported on the floor or by side walls. Metal lath and plaster, properly laid, forms a reinforced partition wall. Partition walls constructed from fibre cement backer board are popular as bases for tiling in kitchens or in wet areas like bathrooms. Galvanized sheet fixed to wooden or steel members are mostly adopted in works of temporary character. Plain or reinforced partition walls may also be constructed from concrete, including pre-cast concrete blocks. Metal framed partitioning is also available. This partition consists of track (used primarily at the base and head of the partition) and studs (vertical sections fixed into the track typically spaced at 24", 16", or at 12").


title: Wall

text: Internal wall partitions, also known as office partitioning, are usually made of plasterboard (drywall) or varieties of glass. Toughened glass is a common option, as low-iron glass (better known as "opti-white glass") increases light and solar heat transmission.


title: Wall

text: Wall partitions are constructed using beads and tracking that is either hung from the ceiling or fixed into the ground. The panels are inserted into the tracking and fixed. Some wall partition variations specify their fire resistance and acoustic performance rating.


title: Wall

text: Movable partitions are walls that open to join two or more rooms into one large floor area. These include:


title: Wall

text: Party walls are walls that separate buildings or units within a building. They provide fire resistance and sound resistance between occupants in a building. The minimum fire resistance and sound resistance required for the party wall is determined by a building code and may be modified to suit a variety of situations. Ownership of such walls can become a legal issue. It is not a load-bearing wall and may be owned by different people.


title: Wall

text: An infill wall is the supported wall that closes the perimeter of a building constructed with a three-dimensional framework structure.


title: Wall

text: Fire walls resist spread of fire within or sometimes between structures to provide passive fire protection. A delay in the spread of fire gives occupants more time to escape and fire fighters more time to extinguish the fire. Some fire walls allow fire resistive window assemblies, and are made of non-combustible material such as concrete, cement block, brick, or fire rated drywall. Wall penetrations are sealed with fire resistive materials. A doorway in a firewall must have a rated fire door. Fire walls provide varying resistance to the spread of fire, (e.g., one, two, three or four hours). Firewalls can also act as smoke barriers when constructed vertically from slab to roof deck and horizontally from an exterior wall to exterior wall subdividing a building into sections.


title: Wall

text: Shear walls resist lateral forces such as in an earthquake or severe wind. There are different kinds of shear walls such as the steel plate shear wall.


title: Wall

text: Knee walls are short walls that either support rafters or add height in the top floor rooms of houses. In a -story house, the knee wall supports the "half story".


title: Wall

text: On a ship, a wall that separates major compartments is called a "bulkhead". A thinner wall between cabins is called a "partition".


title: Wall

text: Boundary walls include privacy walls, boundary-marking walls on property, and town walls. These intergrade into fences. The conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often open in nature, while a wall is usually more than a nominal thickness and is completely closed, or opaque. More to the point, an exterior structure of wood or wire is generally called a fence—but one of masonry is a wall. A common term for both is barrier, which is convenient for structures that are partly wall and partly fence—for example the Berlin Wall. Another kind of wall-fence ambiguity is the ha-ha—which is set below ground level to protect a view, yet acts as a barrier (to cattle, for example).


title: Wall

text: Before the invention of artillery, many of the world's cities and towns, particularly in Europe and Asia, had defensive or protective walls (also called town walls or city walls). In fact, the English word "wall" derives from Latin "vallum"—a type of fortification wall. These walls are no longer relevant for defense, so such cities have grown beyond their walls, and many fortification walls, or portions of them, have been torn down—for example in Rome, Italy and Beijing, China. Examples of protective walls on a much larger scale include the Great Wall of China and Hadrian's Wall.


title: Wall

text: Some walls formally mark the border between one population and another. A border wall is constructed to limit the movement of people across a certain line or border. These structures vary in placement with regard to international borders and topography. The most famous example of border barrier in history is probably the Great Wall of China, a series of walls that separated the Empire of China from nomadic powers to the north. The most prominent recent example is the Berlin Wall, which surrounded the enclave of West Berlin and separated it from East Germany for most of the Cold War era. The US-Mexico border wall, separating the United States and Mexico, is another recent example.


title: Wall

text: In areas of rocky soils around the world, farmers have often pulled large quantities of stone out of their fields to make farming easier and have stacked those stones to make walls that either mark the field boundary, or the property boundary, or both.


title: Wall

text: Retaining walls resist movement of earth, stone, or water. They may be part of a building or external. The ground surface or water on one side of a retaining wall is typically higher than on the other side. A dike is a retaining wall, as is a levee, a load-bearing foundation wall, and a sea wall.


title: Wall

text: Special laws often govern walls that neighbouring properties share. Typically, one neighbour cannot alter the common wall if it is likely to affect the building or property on the other side. A wall may also separate apartment or hotel rooms from each other. Each wall has two sides and breaking a wall on one side will break the wall on the other side.


title: Wall

text: Portable walls, such as room dividers or portable partitions divide a larger open space into smaller rooms. Portable walls can be static, such as cubicle walls, or can be wall panels mounted on casters to provide an easy way to reconfigure assembly space. They are often found inside schools, churches, convention centers, hotels, and corporate facilities.


title: Wall

text: A temporary wall is constructed for easy removal or demolition. A typical temporary wall can be constructed with 1⁄2" (6 mm) to 5⁄8" (16 mm) sheet rock (plasterboard), metal 2 × 3s (approx. 5 × 7 cm), or 2 × 4s, or taped, plastered and compounded. Most installation companies use lattice (strips of wood) to cover the joints of the temporary wall with the ceiling. These are sometimes known as pressurized walls or temporary pressurized walls.


title: Wall

text: Walls are often seen in popular culture, oftentimes representing barriers preventing progress or entry. For example:


title: Wall

text: The progressive/psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd used a metaphorical wall to represent the isolation felt by the protagonist of their 1979 concept album "The Wall".


title: Wall

text: The American poet laureate Robert Frost describes a pointless rock wall as a metaphor for the myopia of the culture-bound in his poem "Mending Wall", published in 1914.


title: Wall

text: In some cases, a wall may refer to an individual's debilitating mental or physical condition, seen as an impassable barrier.


title: Wall

text: In George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series and its television adaptation, "Game of Thrones", The Wall plays multiple important roles: as a colossal fortification, made of ice and fortified with magic spells; as a cultural barrier; and as a codification of assumptions. Breaches of the wall, who is allowed to cross it and who is not, and its destruction have important symbolic, logistical, and socio-political implications in the storyline. Reportedly over 700 feet high and 100 leagues (300 miles) wide, it divides the northern border of the Seven Kingdoms realm from the domain of the wildlings and several categories of undead who live beyond it.


title: Wall

text: In a real-life example, the Berlin Wall, constructed by the Soviet Union to divide Berlin into NATO and Warsaw Pact zones of occupation, became a worldwide symbol of oppression and isolation.


title: Wall

text: Another common usage is as a communal surface to write upon. For instance the social networking site Facebook previously used an electronic "wall" to log the scrawls of friends until it was replaced by the "timeline" feature.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: Arthur Gregg Sulzberger (born August 5, 1980) is an American journalist serving as chairman of The New York Times Company and publisher of its flagship newspaper, "The New York Times".


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: Sulzberger was born in Washington, D.C., on August 5, 1980, to Gail Gregg and Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. He is of German ancestry. His paternal grandfather, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, was Jewish, and the rest of his family is of Christian background (Episcopalian and Congregationalist).


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: He attended Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Brown University, graduating in 2003 with a major in political science. At Brown, Sulzberger worked briefly for "The Brown Daily Herald" as a Contributing Writer.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: After being encouraged by Brown journalism professor Tracy Breton to apply, he interned at "The Providence Journal" from 2004 to 2006, working from the paper's office in Wakefield. While there, he revealed that membership of the Narragansett Lions Club was not open to women. Despite threats from the club to withdraw their advertising if the story ran, the "Journal" published Sulzberger's story. The club began admitting women a few months later.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: Sulzberger worked as a reporter for "The Oregonian" newspaper in Portland from 2006 to 2009, writing more than 300 pieces about local government and public life, including a series of investigative exposés on misconduct by Multnomah County Sheriff Bernie Giusto.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: Sulzberger began writing for the "New York Times" as a metro reporter in February 2009, which published his first article on March 2. He became a national correspondent, heading the Kansas City bureau and covering the Midwest region. The 2017 film "Kodachrome", directed by Mark Raso, is based on his 2010 article about a rural community that became the last place to develop Kodachrome film. In 2013, he was tapped by then-executive editor Jill Abramson to lead the team that produced the "Times" Innovation Report, an internal assessment of the challenges facing the "Times" in the digital age. He was the lead author of the 97-page report, which documented in "clinical detail" how the "Times" was losing ground to "nimbler competitors" and "called for revolutionary changes". The Innovation Report was leaked to BuzzFeed News in March 2014.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: Sulzberger was named associate editor for newsroom strategy in August 2015. In that role, he was part of the group that outlined the "Times" plan to double the news outlet's digital revenue by 2020 and increase collaboration between departments, dubbed "Our Path Forward". In October 2016, he was named deputy publisher, putting him in line to succeed his father as publisher. His cousins Sam Dolnick, now assistant managing editor of the "Times", and David Perpich, now head of standalone products and a member of the New York Times Company board, were also considered for the role.


title: A. G. Sulzberger

text: On December 14, 2017, it was announced that Sulzberger would take over as publisher on January 1, 2018. He is the sixth member of the Ochs-Sulzberger family to serve in the role. Though The New York Times is a public company, all voting shares are controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger Family Trust. SEC filings state the trust's "primary objective" is that the "Times" continues "as an independent newspaper, entirely fearless, free of ulterior influence and unselfishly devoted to the public welfare". On his first day as publisher, Sulzberger wrote an essay noting that he was taking over in a "period of exciting innovation and growth", but also a "period of profound challenge". He committed to holding the "Times" "to the highest standards of independence, rigor, and fairness".