title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: Levinson was a postdoctoral researcher with Nobel Prize winners Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus in the department of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco, when Herb Boyer hired him to work at Genentech. Levinson joined Genentech in 1980 as a research scientist and became vice president of research technology in 1989; vice president of research in 1990; senior vice president of research in 1992; and senior vice president of research and development in 1993. Levinson became Genentech's chief executive officer in 1995 and chairman in 1999. Levinson received corporate leadership awards from the Irvington Institute and the National Breast Cancer Coalition in 1999.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: Levinson was inducted into the Biotech Hall of Fame at the 2003 Biotech Meeting of CEOs. "BusinessWeek" named Levinson one of the "Best Managers of the Year" in 2004 and 2005, and "Institutional Investor" named him "America's Best CEO" in the biotech category four years in a row (2004–2007). Levinson served on the board of directors of Google from 2004 to 2009.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: In 2006, Princeton University awarded Levinson the James Madison Medal for a distinguished career in scientific research and in biotechnology. Also in 2006, "Barron's" recognized Levinson as one of "The World's Most Respected CEOs", and Louis Carter, CEO and founder of Best Practice Institute placed Levinson on its "25 Top CEOs" list upon approval of his Senior Executive Board. In 2008 Levinson was elected as a Fellow to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Glassdoor rated him as the "nicest" CEO of 2008 with a 93% approval rating.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: In 2010, Levinson was honored with the Biotechnology Heritage Award from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Chemical Heritage Foundation, and the Director's Award from the San Francisco Exploratorium.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: Levinson has authored or co-authored more than 80 scientific articles and has been a named inventor on 11 United States patents.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: On September 18, 2013, Levinson was named CEO of Calico, a new company focusing on health and well-being. The company was created and funded by Google.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: In 2014 he received the Alumnus Summa Laude Dignatus Award from the University of Washington, the highest honor bestowed upon a Washington graduate.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: On October 3, 2014, Levinson received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the nation's highest honor for achievement and leadership in advancing the fields of science and technology.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: In April 2016, Levinson was awarded the 2016 Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of California, San Francisco for his contributions to the scientific community.


title: Arthur D. Levinson

text: He married Rita May Liff on December 17, 1978, they have two children and residing in Seattle area. His son, Jesse Levinson, is currently CTO of Zoox.


title: Crimewave

text: Crimewave is a 1985 American comedy film directed by Sam Raimi, from a screenplay he co-wrote with the Coen brothers. It stars Reed Birney, Sheree J. Wilson, Paul L. Smith, Brion James, Louise Lasser and Bruce Campbell, with the latter also serving as a co-producer. An unusual slapstick mix of film noir, black comedy, Hitchcockian suspense, B-movie and conventions, "Crimewave" portrays bizarre situations involving a nebbish everyman (Birney) entangled in a murderous plot while pursuing his love interest (Wilson).


title: Crimewave

text: Following the commercial success of "The Evil Dead" (1981), Raimi and Campbell decided to collaborate on another project. Joel Coen of the Coen brothers served as one of the editors on "The Evil Dead" and worked with Raimi on the screenplay. Production was difficult for several members of the crew, and the production studio, Embassy Pictures, refused to allow Raimi to edit the film. Several arguments broke out during the shoot of the film due to continued interference by the studio.


title: Crimewave

text: The film was a box-office flop and has since fallen into relative obscurity outside of fans of Campbell and Raimi. Few critics reviewed it upon release, though the little amount of critical attention it received was mostly negative. Several story and style elements found in "Crimewave" influenced later productions by Raimi, and its overall failure directly led to the inception of "Evil Dead II" (1987). Over time, the film has achieved the status of a minor cult film.


title: Crimewave

text: Victor Ajax has been sentenced to death, sitting in an electric chair. In a flashback, we learn that Victor once was a promising young technician in the employ of Trend-Odegard Security. Mr. Trend, co-owner of the company, has learned of a plan by his partner to sell the company to Renaldo "The Heel" and responds by hiring two exterminators who promise to "kill all sizes" in order to eliminate Odegard and his plan. When Victor, who has been installing security cameras in Trend's apartment building, seems about to go back to the store, Trend distracts him with a lecture about "the grand design" and sends Victor on a quest to find his dream girl.


title: Crimewave

text: The dream girl is found in the form of Nancy, who responds minimally to Vic but is enamored of Renaldo. Victor and several residents of the building, including Mrs. Trend, run afoul of the killers, and a seemingly random series of slapstick murders occur, for all of which Victor is ultimately blamed. Nancy inevitably becomes a target and Vic saves her and kills the exterminators after a long comical fight sequence. The flashback ends and Victor is in the electric chair and awaits his execution while an elaborate race sequence occurs in which Nancy, accompanied by several nuns, drive manically, Nancy at the wheel, to the scene in order to prove his innocence. Before the switch is pulled however, Nancy arrives just in time and clears his name. The movie concludes with their marriage.


title: Crimewave

text: By 1983, long-time friends Campbell and Raimi had collaborated on several projects together. The duo had just completed the production of "Within the Woods" and "The Evil Dead", the latter of which was a box-office and critical hit. Following his involvement in "The Evil Dead", Campbell had difficulty establishing a career as an actor. He appeared on the soap opera "Generations", and in several local Detroit commercial ads. Meanwhile, Raimi had been collaborating with Ethan and Joel Coen on a screenplay. Joel Coen had been one of the editors on "The Evil Dead", which led to him befriending Raimi. Joel Coen's experience editing "The Evil Dead" inspired him to complete his own film, "Blood Simple", which was released to critical acclaim. The script would later develop into "Relentless", a narrative about "two crazed killers."


title: Crimewave

text: Raimi was not initially optimistic about the talents of the Coen brothers. He recounted that Ethan was "just a statistic accountant at Macy's at the time." After reading the "Blood Simple" script, however, Campbell commented that the screenplay was "great", comparing it to the work of Alfred Hitchcock. It featured "mild-mannered leading men" who "get caught up in a web of fear, murder and mayhem", elements that often defined the films directed by Hitchcock. Distributor Irvin Shapiro, who was instrumental in the commercial success of "The Evil Dead", did not like the title of "Relentless". He suggested putting "X" and "Murder" in the title, believing it would be more enticing to audiences. With Shapiro's suggestion in mind, Raimi gave the film the tentative title of "The XYZ Murders".


title: Crimewave

text: Given the commercial success of "The Evil Dead", studio financial backing for the new project came quickly. Though Raimi and Campbell did not profit from the film, the studio believed in Raimi, initially allowing the director complete creative control on the project; however, executives later took control of the production. Raimi and Campbell developed the project with Embassy Pictures' producer Norman Lear, who supposedly had a "Midas touch", because of the consistent success he had attained from various television productions. He suggested the title "Crimewave", which was ultimately used.


title: Crimewave

text: Raimi and the studio clashed several times during production. The first disagreement between the director and the executives stemmed from the latter's insistence on casting a "Hollywood" actor in the lead role instead of Raimi's long-time collaborator and friend Campbell. In his 2002 autobiography "If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor", Campbell commented about how difficult it was working with more established producers; "jumping into the big time meant dealing with the excruciatingly specific and alternately vague demands of a studio, ... Hollywood executives took an interest in everything." Campbell was surprised that he had to audition for the lead role, as he did not have to test for "The Evil Dead". Campbell and his photographer friend Mike Ditz used a 16 mm film camera and shot a scene to show to the producers. Upon viewing it, the producers asserted that "Campbell will not star in this film". In retaliation, Raimi lengthened a supporting role and gave it to Campbell: the character of Renaldo "The Heel". This allowed for Campbell to be present through the production, which Campbell later noted was a good thing, as due to the constant studio interference "Sam needed all the help he could get".


title: Crimewave

text: Raimi budgeted the film at $2.5 million, an amount the studio greenlit. But the calculations had not taken union fees and regulations into account, making the proposed budgeting and scheduling unrealistic. In addition, the crew were talked into spending three times the allotted money for one shooting location. The shoot quickly went both over budget and over schedule. At that point, the studio stepped in, with executives demanding cuts in the script, budget restrictions, layoffs, and their own supervision of the project. The studio also insisted on reviewing every batch of dailies, criticizing the decision to use cast and crew members (including Campbell) as extras in several scenes (a Raimi trademark known as "Shemping").


title: Crimewave

text: Even without Embassy's interference, however, the production was plagued with difficulties. According to Campbell, lead actress Lasser—under the influence of cocaine—fired her make-up artist. She insisted that she apply all her own make-up, despite objections from the cast. She would often show up on set with poorly applied "clown make-up" and messed up hair, oblivious to how she appeared. There were occasions when she outright refused to leave her trailer, to the annoyance of the cast and crew. Production was often affected by "weird" events; actor Brion James trashed his hotel room in an attempt to "exorcise a ghost from his light fixtures".


title: Crimewave

text: At one point, shooting was to take place at a bridge overlooking the Detroit River, which was frozen at the time. The script, however, called for clear and running water, meaning that the crew had to brave dangerously low temperatures and conditions to clear the ice; finally they blew up the ice with dynamite. At another time, the crew spent a week filming on a Detroit street after dark, directly under a nursing home, with huge wind machines blowing for long hours. One evening a glass bottle with a note in it crashed to the ground from an upper floor. The note inside read, "The noise is keeping me awake all night long and I am getting sick. I am dying because of you." The production of the film was a "disaster" according to Campbell, who stated that usually "missteps" like "Crimewave" lead to the end of a director's career.


title: Crimewave

text: In post-production, Embassy's self-imposed role in making "Crimewave" was even greater. Although Raimi, Tapert, and Campbell insisted that they had made the film as partners, the studio refused — because of the already ballooning costs — to pay for Campbell to stay in Los Angeles during post-production (although the executives later compromised). The studio replaced Raimi's music composer, Joseph LoDuca, with one of its own choosing. It did the same with the editor, removing Raimi's influence over the film's final cut.


title: Crimewave

text: An argument broke out near the end of the post-production between Campbell and the producers. Campbell argued that he and Raimi had always been closely involved with their own films' editing, describing the behavior of the producers as "nickel-and-dime-bullshit". One of the producers replied by calling Campbell an "asshole", commenting that the crew had gone severely over budget. The difficulty during production left a negative impression on Campbell, who insisted that he never wanted to work with big-budget movie producers again, describing the conduct as "soulless" and "just a business." Raimi commented negatively about the process too, musing that "it was really wrong. It was such a horrible, horrible, horrible, depressing scene."


title: Crimewave

text: After all the editing imposed by the studio, "Crimewave" still became a box-office flop. Campbell reasoned that "cross-genre" films "send marketing people scurrying under a desk". According to him, the film was hard to market because it featured elements of horror films, comedies, and dramas. To make matters even more confusing, in France and Italy, the film's title was changed to "Death on the Grill" and "The Two Craziest Killers in the World" respectively. In the United States, the film was only released in Santa Cruz, California; Kansas; and Alaska, to make the film eligible for HBO broadcasting. Upon release, the film "went down in box-office flames", with Campbell commenting "it wasn't released. It escaped!" The "only good" screening came the Seattle International Film Festival, where the movie was promoted as a novelty film.


title: Crimewave

text: Along with Raimi and Campbell, film critics were largely dismissive of the film. A writer for "Time Out" gave a negative review, writing "despite its ambition and a Coen Brothers script credit, Raimi's second film was a disappointment after his astonishing debut "The Evil Dead"." The writer did however compliment some of the set pieces featured in the film, ultimately commenting that only people interested in the early work by Raimi would be interested. Film Junk writer Sean Harley commented that if the same filmmakers had released a movie today, "based on their impressive filmographies and the cult followings that both have amassed, a collaboration of this magnitude would be a cinematic event like no other." However, he said that this film was "not a particularly brilliant movie, and it's easily one of the weakest projects that any of these great filmmakers have been involved in." He noted that fans of Raimi's films would likely find it interesting and gave the film a weak recommendation.


title: Crimewave

text: Leonard Maltin awarded the film two and a half stars out of four, describing it a "weird, almost incoherent crime story." Celluloid Dream's Simon Hill commented that the writing was a disappointment, musing that it did however feature "glimpses of the director" Raimi would become. A scene in a dentist office reminded him of a scene from "Spider-Man 2", a film also directed by Raimi. He commented that "even in his small part Campbell is the most memorable character in the film", also praising the performance of the two exterminators. The film has achieved the status of a minor cult film. In one of the few positive notices, MTV writer Adam Rosenberg described the film as "criminally underrated". Rosenberg disagreed with the consensus about the film, labeling it as a "hard-to-find classic". Kim Newman also called the film underrated, writing that the film "revels" in its slapstick nature, taking influence from everything from horror comics to "The Three Stooges".


title: Crimewave

text: Colin Greenland reviewed "Crimewave" for "White Dwarf" #77, and stated that ""Crimewave", from the men who brought you "The Evil Dead", is a hit-and-miss send-up of Forties' crime comics, with all the wild angles and grotesque characterization. It's not far from those very early "MAD" parodies, and similarly, you'll either love or hate it."


title: Crimewave

text: Campbell described the film as a "lesson about abject failure", writing "no matter how you slice it, the film was a "dog" and pretty much everyone involved can line up to take forty whacks. As filmmakers, we failed to execute a misguided concept and our studio refused us the benefit of any doubt." Raimi cited the experience as one of the least favorite moments of his career. The Coen brothers expressed similar dissatisfaction with the film, and directed every one of their screenplays until the 2012 film "Gambit". John Cameron, second assistant director on the film, remarked, "I see "Crimewave" as a real turning point in a certain way, because if you survived that experience, nothing in the business could ever be as hard again."


title: Crimewave

text: Raimi had the studio support to make a sequel to "The Evil Dead", which he initially decided to make out of desperation. His career quickly recovered after "Evil Dead II" was released in 1987 and became a box office success. Raimi and the Coens remained friends, and the duo cast Campbell in some of their films such as "The Hudsucker Proxy" (1994), "Fargo" (1996) and "Intolerable Cruelty" (2003), the former of which was co-written by Raimi. Elements of "Crimewave" were re-used by frequent Raimi collaborator Josh Becker for the movie "", as well as by Raimi himself in "Spider-Man" and its sequels. In 2010, a Funny or Die comedy video featuring actors James Franco and Bill Hader paid tribute to Raimi, and in parody of a scene from "Spider-Man 2" the actors discussed "Crimewave" among Raimi's other films. Collider's Matt Goldberg stated, "I think this sketch features the first reference to "Crimewave" ever".


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington is a suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, on the north bank of the Minnesota River, above its confluence with the Mississippi River, south of downtown Minneapolis. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 89,987, making it Minnesota's fourth-largest city.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington was established as a post–World War II housing boom suburb connected to Minneapolis's urban street grid, and is serviced by two major freeways: Interstate 35W and Interstate 494. Large-scale commercial development is concentrated along the I-494 corridor. Besides an extensive city park system, with over of parkland per capita, Bloomington is also home to Hyland Lake Park Reserve in the west and Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge in the southeast.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington has more jobs per capita than either Minneapolis or Saint Paul, due in part to the United States' largest enclosed shopping center, the Mall of America. The headquarters of Ceridian, Donaldson Company, HealthPartners, and Toro, and major operations of Pearson, General Dynamics, Seagate Technologies, Express Scripts and Dairy Queen are also based in the city.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 1839, with renewed conflict with the Ojibwa nation, Chief Cloud Man relocated his band of the Mdewakanton Sioux from Bde Maka Ska in Minneapolis to an area named Oak Grove in southern Bloomington, close to present-day Portland Avenue. In 1843, Peter and Louisa Quinn, the first European settlers to live in Bloomington, built a cabin along the Minnesota River in the area. The government had sent them to teach the Native Americans farming methods. Gideon Hollister Pond, a missionary who had been following and recording the Dakota language from Cloud Man's band, relocated later that year, establishing Oak Grove Mission, his log cabin. Pond and his family held church services and taught the Dakota school subjects and farming. Passage across the Minnesota River in Bloomington came in 1849 when William Chambers and Joseph Dean opened the Bloomington Ferry. It remained operational until 1889, when the Bloomington Ferry Bridge was built.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: After the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851, the territory west of the Mississippi River, including Bloomington, was opened to settlers. A group of pioneers settled Bloomington, including the Goodrich, Whalon, and Ames families. They named the area Bloomington after the city they were from, Bloomington, Illinois. Most early jobs were in farming, blacksmithing, and flour milling. The Oxborough family, who came from Canada, built a trading center on Lyndale Avenue and named it Oxboro Heath. Today, the Clover Shopping Center rests near the old trading center site and the nearby Oxboro Clinic is named after them. The Baliff family opened a grocery and general store at what is today Penn Avenue and Old Shakopee Road, and Hector Chadwick, after moving to the settlement, opened a blacksmith shop near the Bloomington Ferry. In 1855, the first public school for all children was opened in Miss Harrison's house, with the first school, Gibson House, built in 1859. On May 11, 1858, the day Minnesota was admitted into the union and officially became a state, 25 residents incorporated the Town of Bloomington. By 1880, the population had grown to 820. In 1892, the first town hall was built at Penn and Old Shakopee Road. By then, the closest Dakota to Minneapolis lived at the residence of Gideon Pond.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: After 1900, the population surpassed 1,000 and Bloomington began to transform into a city. With rising population came conflict among citizens over social issues. Among the major issues during this period were parents' unwillingness to consolidate the individual schools into a single, larger school, and fear of mounting taxes. By 1900, there were six rural schools spread throughout the territory with over 200 students enrolled in grades first through eighth. In 1917, the school consolidation issue was settled when voters approved the consolidation. A year later, secondary education and school bus transportation began throughout the city. Telephone service and automobiles appeared.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: From 1940 to 1960, the city's population increased to nine times that of the population at the turn of the century. During the 1940s, the city's development vision was low-cost, low-density housing, each with its own well and septic system. The rapid population growth was due in part to the post-World War II boom and subsequent birth of the baby boomer generation. In 1947, the first fire station was constructed and equipped at a cost of $24,000 and the Bloomington Volunteer Fire Department was established with 25 members.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The 1950s saw a considerable expansion of the city and its infrastructure, with the city shifting away from its small-town atmosphere and feel. In 1950, because of the increasing population, the first elementary school, Cedarcrest, was built. It was evident that one consolidated school could no longer serve the growing population, and ten new schools were built in this decade to meet the need. In 1952, the first large business, Toro Manufacturing Company, moved to Bloomington. The significance of this can be seen in Bloomington today, which is home to hundreds of businesses of all types.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 1953, Bloomington changed from a township to a village form of government. This more professional approach to government was accompanied by open council meetings, land use plans, and published budgets. The effects of this new form of government began immediately, first with the formation of the city police department (at a cost of $2 per taxpayer) and then with the first parkland acquisition. Both Bush Lake Beach and Moir Park were established at a cost of one dollar to each residence. Today, about 1/3 of the city's land area is devoted to city and regional parks, playgrounds, and open space. In 1956, the first city land-use plan was initiated with the construction of Interstate 35W and Metropolitan Stadium.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 1958, the city changed from a village government to a council-manager form. One of the first policies the council adopted was encouragement of commercial and industrial development, low-cost housing, and shopping centers. Due to the rapid population increase during this time, police and fire departments changed to a 24-hour dispatching system, and the fire department (now with 46 members) converted a garage into the second fire station.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The 1960s saw accelerated school and business growth throughout the city. On November 8, 1960, Bloomington officially became a city as voters approved the city's organizing document, the city charter. The charter provides for a council-manager form of government in which the city council exercises the city's legislative power and determines all city policies (see City of Bloomington Government). In 1965, a second high school, John F. Kennedy High School, was built, and Bloomington High School was renamed Abraham Lincoln High School. In 1967, a second and third official fire station were approved and built to more effectively combat fires in the increasingly large city. In 1968, Normandale State Junior College opened with an initial enrollment of 1,358 students. In 1974, it was renamed Normandale Community College to reflect expanded courses of study.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: From 1961 to 1981, Bloomington was home to most of Minnesota's major sports teams. In 1961, after the completion of Metropolitan Stadium in 1956, both the Minnesota Twins and Minnesota Vikings began regular-season play. Though originally built for the American Association Minneapolis Millers, a minor league baseball team, Metropolitan Stadium was renovated and expanded for Major League Baseball and the National Football League. The first Twins game was held on April 21 (Washington 5, Twins 3) and the first Vikings game was held on September 17 (Vikings 37, Chicago Bears 13). On August 21, 1965, The Beatles played Metropolitan Stadium, their only stop ever in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. In 1967, with the expansion of the National Hockey League, the Metropolitan Sports Center was built near Metropolitan Stadium and the Minnesota North Stars began play later that year.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: A number of new city buildings were constructed in the 1970s. In 1970, Thomas Jefferson High School, Bloomington Ice Garden rink one, and a fourth fire station were built. In 1971, school enrollment peaked with 26,000 students, and the fire department had grown to a force of 105 men. (In 1974, after a six-hour city council meeting, women were allowed to join the Bloomington Fire Department, but the city's first female firefighter, Ann Majerus Meyer, did not join the department until 1984; she retired in 2013). In 1975, a second rink was added to the Bloomington Ice Garden and a fifth fire station built, with a sixth added in 1979.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The 1980s brought radical change to Bloomington with the departure of the Twins and Vikings. On September 30, 1981, the last baseball game was played at Metropolitan Stadium (Kansas City Royals 5, Twins 2) as the Twins and Vikings moved to the newly constructed Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in downtown Minneapolis for the 1982 season. In 1985, the Bloomington Port Authority purchased the Met Stadium site and in less than two years approved first site plans for Mall of America. Two years later, groundbreaking took place for the new megamall, and in 1992, it opened to the public. Today, tenants of Mall of America, when combined, constitute the largest private-sector employer in Bloomington, employing about 13,000 people.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 1993, the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas, and a year later the Metropolitan Sports Center was demolished. In 2004, an IKEA store opened on the west end of the former Met Center site. The remainder of the property is planned to be the site for Mall of America Phase II. In May 2006, the Water Park of America opened. It is the country's ninth-largest indoor waterpark.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 2019, Bloomington passed an ordinance that forbade filming students of Dar Al-Farooq Islamic Center in a public park, which led to a successful lawsuit in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit against the city to reinstate the First Amendment rights of the parties involved. Keith Ellison had previously asked the court to drop the case.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and is water.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: There are three primary land types in the city. The northeastern part of the city is a sand plain, low hills dominate the western part, and the far south lies within the valley of the Minnesota River.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: About a third of the city is permanently reserved for park purposes, including two large natural areas—the Minnesota Valley's wetlands (controlled by the City and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service) and the Hyland Lake Park Reserve (controlled by the Three Rivers Park District).


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Water bodies in the city include Bush Lake, Long Meadow Lake, Lake Normandale, Marsh Lake (Hennepin), Nine Mile Creek, Penn Lake and about 100 small lakes and ponds with their wetland habitats.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The city is informally divided by Interstate 35W into "West Bloomington" and "East Bloomington." West Bloomington is mostly residential with newer housing stock, along with multi-story office high-rises along Interstate Highway 494 in the north, whereas East Bloomington contains more industry, destination retail centers, and the majority of Bloomington's less expensive housing. The dividing line may be placed as far west as France Avenue, where the high school attendance boundaries meet.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The city is home to a large contingent of employers, providing more than 100,000 jobs. Benefiting from its proximity to major transportation routes and the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, Bloomington is a major hospitality center with nearly 8,000 hotel rooms.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Ceridian, Donaldson Company, the Evangelical Free Church of America, Great Clips, Leeann Chin, HealthPartners, Holiday Stationstores, Highland Bank, Thermo King and Toro have their headquarters in Bloomington.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: According to the City's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Other major employers include Express Scripts, Holiday Stationstores, Thermo King Corporation/Ingersoll Rand Inc., and Polar Semiconductor Inc.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: ISD 271 has served the K–12 educational needs of the city since the 1960s, with an operating fund revenue of $148.1 million in 2020. Fifteen public schools in Bloomington are operated by the district, governed by a seven-member elected school board, which appointed Superintendent Eric Melbye in 2021. The previous superintendent, Les Fujitake, served from 2006 until 2020. The city's first public charter school, Seven Hills Classical Academy, opened in 2006. As many families remain in or continue to move into the city, there has been support for levy increases. In 1999, the then-largest school bond issue in Minnesota history was approved, funding a $107 million school expansion and renovation project.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The district's two high schools are John F. Kennedy High School in the east and Thomas Jefferson High School in the west. The determining boundary for high school attendance runs near the center of Bloomington on France and Xerxes Avenues, though both schools have open enrollment.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington's third high school, Abraham Lincoln High School (originally Bloomington High School), closed in 1982 and was sold to the Control Data Corporation in the mid-1980s. Bloomington Stadium, next to the former high school, is still used by both Kennedy High School and Jefferson High School for football, lacrosse, and soccer games.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Mindquest, the nation's first online public high school, operated between 1995 and 2003 through the Bloomington Public Schools.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: As of the 2005–07 American Community Survey conducted by the United States Census Bureau, White Americans made up 82.7% of Bloomington's population; of which 80.9% were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 6.6% of Bloomington's population. American Indians made up 0.3% of the city's population. Asian Americans made up 5.1% of the city's population. Pacific Islander Americans were nonexistent in the city. Individuals from some other race made up 3.9% of the city's population, of which 0.8% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 1.4% of the city's population; of which 1.3% were non-Hispanic. In addition, Hispanics and Latinos made up 5.0% of Bloomington's population.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 82,893 people, 35,905 households, and 21,618 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 37,641 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 79.7% White, 7.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.8% of the population. East Bloomington is notably more diverse than West Bloomington.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: There were 35,905 households, of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.8% were non-families. Of all households 32.2% were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.89.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The median age in the city was 42.7 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 28.9% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Of the 19.7% of the population under 18, much of the young population is considerably more diverse than the mostly white adult population.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington is governed by a seven-member part-time city council. Members include the mayor and six council members, of whom four are elected from districts and two elected at-large. Members are elected to four-year terms, except during redistricting when all district council members have a two-year term. Elections are nonpartisan and since 2021 have been conducted by ranked-choice voting after more than 51% of voters voted yes on a ballot question on the topic.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: City operations are controlled by three interrelated entities: the City itself, the Port Authority, and the Housing and Redevelopment Authority (HRA). The Port Authority is responsible for managing development in the South Loop district, in the easternmost part of the city, where the Mall of America is. The HRA handles low-income housing in the city and manages the city's redevelopment activities. Membership on the boards of the Port Authority and HRA is controlled by the City Council.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The Bloomington Fire Department is one of Minnesota's largest remaining volunteer fire departments, operates out of six fire stations, and uses the latest in fire-fighting equipment. The department has 30 fire-fighting vehicles, including pumpers, hook and ladders, specialty units (one vehicle compact enough to navigate the Mall of America's parking ramps), and spares, all of which are equipped with Opticom System equipment, which automatically switches traffic signals to expedite emergency runs. The average response time is four minutes.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Public safety is protected by Bloomington's 120-officer police force. The officers have Ford Police Interceptor squad cars. Each contains a computer-assisted dispatching center that contains a computerized records system, mobile digital terminals that allow officers direct access to warrant information and state motor vehicle and driver's license records, and Opticom System equipment, which automatically switches traffic signals. The police force is also supported by six canine teams: four dual-purpose patrol dogs, a single-purpose narcotics dog, and a single-purpose explosives-detection dog assigned to the Mall of America. The police department has one of Minnesota's four bomb squads and a 20-member SWAT team.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington is in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district, represented by Democrat Dean Phillips in the U.S. House of Representatives. In the U.S. Senate, Minnesota is served by Democrats Tina Smith and Amy Klobuchar.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The Metro Blue Line, a light rail line, runs between the Mall of America in Bloomington and downtown Minneapolis. The Metro Red Line, a bus line, runs between the Mall of America in Bloomington and Apple Valley, Minnesota. Bloomington is also served by the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. Additionally, the Metro Orange Line, a bus line that runs between Burnsville, Minnesota and downtown Minneapolis, finished construction in 2021 and travels through Bloomington on Interstate 35W.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The Bloomington History Museum focuses on the history of Bloomington, ranging from the prehistoric period through the present day.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Artistry is a professional theater and visual arts nonprofit that produces musicals and plays in the 366-seat Schneider Theater at the municipally owned and operated Bloomington Center for the Arts.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The Theater program at Normandale Community College presents five productions during the academic year.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: The high school theater companies at Jefferson and Kennedy each stage three full length productions, a one-act, and a combined fifth production in the summer, annually.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Noted muralist Erik Pearson's 2007 work "Creating Together" adorns the flyloft of the theater at Bloomington Center for the Arts. Pearson also created the mural "Science and Nature" in the city's South Loop district.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: In 2018, the Wright's lake park mural was completed. It was partially designed and inspired by students from Valley View Middle School, from a gifted program called Nobel, focused on creativity.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Comcast provides access to four Bloomington cable television stations for Public, educational, and government access (PEG) programming. They include The Bloomington Channel 14, a comprehensive source of Bloomington information and programming. The Government-access television (GATV) channel features City Council and school board meetings, a weekly news magazine show called "Bloomington Today", "Roll Call", a weekly update on public safety news produced by the Bloomington Police Department, arts events, and sports. Bloomington Educational Community Television (BEC-TV) highlights educational and school-based programs from the Bloomington's public and private schools. Programming on this channel includes Educational-access television content, concerts, choir shows, graduations, and sporting events. Two student produced shows are also on BEC-TV. Tomorrow's Voices Today (TVT) is a teen news show that highlights the good things teens are doing around the city and talks about teen related issues. YRU-Up was a late night call-in Public-access television cable TV talk show, airing from 1991 to 2017. Skits for the show were produced by students and the show was live every Friday night (Sat. Morning) at 12:30am on TBC (Channel 14). A third channel, BCAT, (Bloomington Cable Access Television) is a Public-access channel that allows individuals and organizations to learn video production and create television shows. The schedules for these channels can be found on a channel called the B.R.A.I.N. The PEG channels are funded by Cable television franchise fees collected in the city.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Parts of the Coen brothers film "A Serious Man" were filmed in an East Bloomington neighborhood. The neighborhood was chosen for its original suburban ranch-style houses and young trees (due to a storm knocking older ones down), giving it a 1960s new-development look.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Hyland Park includes both a ski area and Nordic ski jumps. The ski jumps are maintained by the Minneapolis Ski Club Minneapolis Ski Club and are some of the most urban ski jumps in the U.S. Several U.S. Olympic ski jumpers have come from this ski club. The Minneapolis Ski Club hosted the 2013 Junior National competition. The city also operates the Bloomington Ice Garden (BIG), which contains three ice rinks, one of which is Olympic-size and the other of which has a capacity of 2,500. It appeared in the film Miracle, with the team practicing there before the Olympics. During the winter, the Parks and Recreation Department creates 10+ outdoor skating rinks.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington was the point of growth for pickleball in Minnesota, beginning about 2005 when retirees brought the sport back from their southern-states retirement homes. From the Westwood Athletic Fields in southern Bloomington, other groups formed and grew to an active statewide player population in excess of 1,500. Bloomington is also the home of Pickleball Minnesota, the Pickleball website serving the state and the Upper Midwest.


title: Bloomington, Minnesota

text: Bloomington has two major sports complexes. Dred Scott Playfields, named after Dred Scott, is on the far West side and contains a variety of recreational activities, including baseball, softball, football, sand volleyball, tennis, and basketball. Also within the complex are an outdoor batting cage and a miniature golf course that are privately owned. Valley View Playfields on the East side contains softball and baseball fields, bocce ball courts, and the Bloomington Family Aquatic Center. Bush Lake Beach (BLB) is on Bush Lake and is open in the summer to recreational swimmers.


title: Screamadelica

text: Screamadelica is the third studio album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream. It was first released on 23 September 1991 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and on 8 October 1991 in the United States by Sire Records. The album marked a significant departure from the band's early indie rock sound, drawing inspiration from the blossoming house music scene and associated drugs such as LSD and MDMA. Much of the album's production was handled by acid house DJ Andrew Weatherall and engineer Hugo Nicolson, who remixed original recordings made by the band into dance-oriented tracks.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Screamadelica", featuring Manchester born singer Denise Johnson, was the band's first album to be a commercial success, peaking at number eight on the UK Albums Chart upon its release. It received wide praise from critics, and has been frequently named one of the best albums of the 1990s in various polls. It won the first Mercury Music Prize in 1992, and has sold over three million copies worldwide.


title: Screamadelica

text: When asked what were his influences for "Screamadelica", singer Bobby Gillespie said that Primal Scream were like a rock'n'roll band who had quite diverse taste. Many genres interested them like free jazz, funk, soul, country, blues, electronic music, post-punk, ambient music and psychedelic music from the 1960s. When naming the post-punk bands he listened to during his formative years, he explained: "a lot of those ideas are entrenched in Primal Scream, and maybe the last great rock bands were Siouxsie and the Banshees, the Buzzcocks and Joy Division. [...] The ideas in the music and the lyrics for those three bands completely influenced Primal Scream". "Screamadelica" was also influenced by the Beach Boys' album "Pet Sounds" (1966). Gillespie says that after discovering the album, their songs became much softer. Gillespie has also cited Nico's album "The Marble Index" as a major influence when they were making "Screamadelica", claiming he "listened to [it] all the time." The band were also "big fans of '70s reggae and dub. These 12” sounded like dub records".


title: Screamadelica

text: Drawing inspiration from the acid house scene, which was blossoming at the time, the band enlisted house DJs Andrew Weatherall and Terry Farley on producing duties. Weatherall and Gillespie bonded over "Thin Lizzy, dub-reggae, Mott The Hoople, disco music" and they were both attracted by "industrial, experimental funk". The band loved the fact that Weatherall was a DJ who had never been a producer at the helm in a studio before. Gillespie commented on: "It was just this natural talent to make this music and structure and arrange music in a way that we’d never heard before. So he could take our songwriting and our instrumental[s] [...] And the melodies and the gospel singers and the strings and the slate guitars, we played a lot of synthesisers as well. [...]". Weatherall selected the parts he liked and rearranged it: "he was really great at taking all this stuff and rearranging it and making it into this fantastic music". Acid house gave him an opportunity to work with the band.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Loaded" was the first track on which Weatherall took part. He began remixing "I'm Losing More Than I'll Ever Have", from their previous album, and the resulting track disassembled the song, adding a drum loop from an Italian bootleg mix of Edie Brickell's "What I Am" and a sample from the Peter Fonda B movie "The Wild Angels."


title: Screamadelica

text: Although the band wrote a track also called "Screamadelica", it does not appear on the album. The ten-minute dance track was also produced by Weatherall and sung by Denise Johnson. It appears on the "Dixie-Narco EP," released in 1992, and is featured in the opening credits of the now rare "Screamadelica" VHS video tape.


title: Screamadelica

text: The album cover for "Screamadelica" was painted by Creation Records' in-house artist Paul Cannell. Cannell was inspired by a damp water spot he'd seen on the Creation Records offices ceiling after taking LSD.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Screamadelica" was among ten album covers chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Screamadelica" was released on 23 September 1991 in the UK. It reached number 8 on the UK Albums Chart, and was later certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. The album has sold 715,000 copies as of September 2020. The single "Movin' on Up" was the band's breakthrough hit in the United States: as it was heavily played on alternative rock radio, it peaked at number 2 on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart. It also reached number 28 on the "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart as it was played on rock radio stations.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Screamadelica" was very well received by critics. In a contemporary review for "Spin", Simon Reynolds found the record "totally mind-blowing" whose best songs were "almost unclassifiable". AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine called "Screamadelica" "an album that transcends its time and influence." AllMusic lists the album as the band's best. It was voted number 135 in Colin Larkin's "All Time Top 1000 Albums" 3rd Edition (2000)"." Pitchfork praised the album on their 2003 list of the "Top 100 albums of the '90s," saying: ""Screamadelica"'s atmospheric and imaginative hybrid of past, present and future captured its moment in vivid color and splendor, and it still radiates with a kaleidoscopic glow." Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice", on the other hand, assigned it a "neither" rating, indicating an album that does not warrant repeated listening despite coherent craft and one or two highlights.


title: Screamadelica

text: It was "Melody Maker"s album of the year in 1991. It was also "Select"s album of the year in 1991, while "NME" placed it at no. 3 in its "Best Albums of 1991" list. The album won the first Mercury Music Prize in 1992. In 1996, "Select" named it as the number 1 album of the 1990s. In 2000, "Q" placed the album at number 18 on their list of the "100 Greatest British Albums." In 2001, "Q" placed it at number 81 on a list of the "Top 100 Albums of All Time." The album ranked number 2 in "Q"'s "Best 50 Albums of Q's Lifetime" list. In 2003, "NME" placed it at no. 23 in its "100 Best Albums Ever" list. In 2003, "Pitchfork" placed it at number 77 in a list of the "Top 100 Albums of the '90s." Also in 2003, the album topped "The Scotsman"s list of 100 Best Scottish Albums. In 2006, the magazine also placed it at no. 15 in its "Greatest British Albums Ever" list. It appeared in Channel 4's list of the "100 Greatest Albums of All Time." In a 2009 review, the BBC hailed the album as "a solid gold classic." "NME" also named it the "Druggiest Album Ever" in 2011. According to Acclaimed Music, a site which uses statistics to numerically represent critical reception, "Screamadelica" is the 107th most acclaimed album of all time, and the 16th most acclaimed of the 1990s. It was ranked number 437 in the 2020 revised edition of "Rolling Stone"s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and No. 1 on "BrooklynVegan" "Creation Records' 21 Best Records" list.


title: Screamadelica

text: "Movin' on Up" was used on the previous Telewest Broadband commercials before Virgin Media bought them out. Subsequently, Bacardi spirits used the song on a UK television ad. The song was also featured in the popular game "" on alternative radio station . A Northern soul version was also recorded by Edwin Starr for the cult British surfing film "Blue Juice". Kellogg's used the song in an advert for their cornflakes in c. 2011.


title: Screamadelica

text: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo of French electronic duo Daft Punk, who drew inspiration from the rock and acid house in the United Kingdom during the early 1990s, referred to "Screamadelica" as the record that "put everything together in terms of genre".


title: Screamadelica

text: To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the release of the album, Primal Scream performed the entire album live at Olympia London in West London on 26 and 27 November 2010. The performance included a full gospel choir and horn section. The first of these gigs was broadcast live on BBC 6 Music, presented by Steve Lamacq. These gigs were followed by a UK tour in March 2011, where the band performed the album in full.


title: Screamadelica

text: For the album's 30th anniversary in 2021, Fender created a limited run of custom Stratocasters depicting the album's artwork on the body. Additionally, Columbia released the Demodelica album on 15 October 2021, with early demos and work-in-progress mixes, accompanied by notes by Jon Savage. "Most of these demos were produced by Andrew Innes at his home studio on the Isle of Dogs and at the band's studio in Hackney in 1990. The Jam and Eden Studio demos were produced by the band in 1991."


title: Jim Sheridan

text: Between 1989 and 1993, Sheridan directed two critically acclaimed films set in Ireland, "My Left Foot" and "In the Name of the Father", and later directed the films "The Boxer" and "In America". Sheridan received six Academy Award nominations.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: Jim Sheridan was born in Dublin, Ireland on 6 February 1949. He is the brother of playwright Peter Sheridan. The family ran a lodging house, while Anna Sheridan worked at a hotel and Peter Sheridan Snr was a railway clerk with CIÉ. Sheridan's early education was at a Christian Brothers school. In 1969 he attended University College Dublin to study English and History. In 1972, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. He became involved in student theater there, where he met Neil Jordan, who also was later to become an important Irish film director. After graduating from UCD in 1972, Sheridan and his brother began writing and staging plays, and in the late 1970s began working with the Project Theatre Company.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: In 1981, Sheridan emigrated to Canada, but eventually settled in the Hell's Kitchen section of New York City. He enrolled in NYU's Tisch School of the Arts and became the artistic director of the Irish Arts Center.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: Sheridan returned to Ireland in the late 1980s. In 1989, he directed "My Left Foot", which became a critical and commercial success and won Daniel Day-Lewis and Brenda Fricker Academy Awards. He followed that with "The Field" (with Richard Harris) in 1990; then with "In the Name of the Father" in 1993, a fictionalized re-telling of the case of the Guildford Four. The film won the Golden Bear at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: In 1996 he co-wrote "Some Mother's Son" with Terry George. "The Boxer" (with Daniel Day-Lewis) was nominated for a Golden Globe for best film drama in 1997. The film was Sheridan's third collaboration with Day-Lewis after "My Left Foot" and "In the Name of the Father", making him the only director to work with Day-Lewis on three films. In 2003, he released the semi-autobiographical "In America", which tells the story of a family of Irish immigrants trying to succeed in New York. The film received positive reviews and earned Samantha Morton and Djimon Hounsou Academy Award nominations. In 2005 he released "Get Rich or Die Tryin'", a film starring rap star 50 Cent.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: Sheridan helmed the 2009 film "Brothers", starring Tobey Maguire and Jake Gyllenhaal, which was shot in New Mexico. He also directed the thriller "Dream House", which starred Daniel Craig, Naomi Watts, and Rachel Weisz.


title: Jim Sheridan

text: He is the son of Anne and Pete Sheridan. He has 3 daughters, Kirsten Sheridan, Naomi Sheridan, Tess Sheridan with Fran Sheridan. He had another daughter Amira Clodagh Sheridan with the Film Director Zahara Moufid. He has 6 siblings in His family: Ita Rafferty, Peter Sheridan, John Sheridan, Frankie Sheridan, Gerard Sheridan and Paul Sheridan.


title: Premium Rush

text: Premium Rush is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by David Koepp and written by Koepp and John Kamps. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Michael Shannon, Dania Ramirez, and Jamie Chung. It follows a bicycle messenger chased around New York City by a corrupt police officer who wants an envelope the messenger has. It was released on August 24, 2012 by Columbia Pictures.


title: Premium Rush

text: The film follows a nonlinear narrative. It contains numerous flash-forward and flashback cuts, indicated with an overlaid digital clock showing the time advancing rapidly forward or backward to the next scene. In chronological order: Wilee is a disenchanted Columbia Law School graduate who has put off taking the bar exam because he could not bear to enter the humdrum life of the legal profession. He finds meaning and purpose in being employed as a thrill-seeking New York City bicycle messenger, despite arguments with his girlfriend and fellow bike messenger, Vanessa, who insists that he should make something of himself. Even his choice of bike is unconventional; steel frame, fixed gear, no brakes. Vanessa's roommate, Nima, has asked Vanessa to move out for a personal reason she does not disclose.


title: Premium Rush

text: Vanessa is in the process of packing her few belongings. Nima delivers $50,000 that she has saved for two years to Mr. Leung, a Chinese hawaladar, in exchange for a ticket that she must deliver to Sister Chen, so that Chen’s gang can smuggle Nima's son and mother from China to the United States. Mr. Lin, a local loan shark, has learned of the ticket and that whoever returns it to Mr. Leung can collect Nima's money. He approaches Robert "Bobby" Monday, a gambling-addicted NYPD detective who owes him money, offering to clear Monday's debt if Monday gets him the ticket. Monday begins searching for Nima, who decides to hire Wilee to deliver the envelope with the ticket to Sister Chen by 7 pm after Nima is told by Leung that anyone who knew she was visiting him is a loose end which could endanger her if she tries to deliver the ticket herself.


title: Premium Rush

text: Wilee and Nima conduct their transaction at the college attended by Nima. After Wilee leaves, Nima is confronted by Monday, who sees the courier receipt Wilee gave her. He is able to steal the receipt from Nima. After Monday leaves, Vanessa finds Nima, and learns the contents of the envelope. Monday catches up with Wilee before he leaves the college campus, stating that he is a school official, that Nima had no authority to handle the contents of the envelope on the school's behalf, and that he would like the envelope back, with the receipt Wilee gave to Nima in his hands. Wilee refuses. He is able to escape, with Monday in pursuit. Wilee heads to the police station to report Monday, only to find out he's a police detective. Wilee hides in a bathroom, where he opens the envelope and finds the ticket. After he escapes the station, Wilee angrily tells his dispatcher, Raj, that he is returning the package so that someone else can drop it off.


title: Premium Rush

text: Returning to Nima's college, Wilee leaves the envelope, which is picked up by his rival, Manny. Before Manny picks it up, however, Monday calls the dispatch to redirect the delivery to a different address. As he is about to leave the school after returning the envelope, Wilee runs into Nima. He confronts her about the ticket, and she reveals the truth. Guilt-ridden, Wilee tries to catch up to Manny, who refuses to give Wilee his drop. They race each other and in the process, are chased by a bike cop who had earlier tried to arrest Wilee. As they approach Monday's location, the bike cop tackles Manny off his bike and arrests him. Vanessa, who learns of Monday's trickery and races over to warn Manny, appears, grabs Manny's bag and gives it to Wilee.


title: Premium Rush

text: As they are about to escape, Wilee is hit by a taxi, and fractures some ribs. He is put in an ambulance with Monday, while his damaged bike is taken to an impound lot, with the envelope hidden in the handlebars. Monday tortures Wilee by pressing on his injured ribs, and Wilee offers to give Monday the envelope in exchange for his bike. Wilee tells Monday that the envelope is in Manny's bag, and Monday leaves to search it, while Wilee meets with Vanessa in the impound lot. She gives him the envelope, which she had retrieved, and he escapes on a stolen bike. Monday, realizing Wilee has tricked him, pursues Wilee to Sister Chen's place. Meanwhile, Nima calls Mr. Leung for help. He deploys his enforcer, the Sudoku Man, to help her. As Wilee reaches Chinatown, he is confronted by Monday, who is threatening to kill him.


title: Premium Rush

text: However, Vanessa arrives with a flash mob of messengers, dispatched by Raj, who delay Monday by hitting him numerous times, giving Wilee time to deliver the ticket to Sister Chen just before the stroke of 7 pm. She calls the captain of her ship and tells him to allow Nima's family aboard. Outside, Monday is confronted by Chinese and Italian mobsters and doesn't notice Sudoku Man, who shoots Monday in the back of his head using a Sudoko book to silence the pistol. Dying and feeling faint, Monday tries to get in his car but dies before he can do so. Nima's mother calls her and confirms that she and Nima's son have gotten on the ship. Nima meets with Wilee and Vanessa while they are finally reunited. Some time later, Wilee is back on his job stating while one day he might settle in a firm job but doesn't feel ready. Despite the city's hostile environment at times, he relishes the thrill citing he "can't stop" and doesn't want to either.


title: Premium Rush

text: Writer director David Koepp developed "Premium Rush" and co-wrote the screenplay with John Kamps. They aimed to have elaborate chase sequences like in a William Friedkin film.


title: Premium Rush

text: Principal photography began in mid-July 2010 and ended by early September 2010 in New York City. Gordon-Levitt was injured during filming on August 1, 2010, when he rode into the back of a taxi. The impact sent Gordon-Levitt flying into the rear windshield of the taxi, slashing his arm which required 31 stitches. A shot of the aftermath of that accident is included as a scene during the credits of the film. Locations included Columbia University, Central Park and Canal Street.


title: Premium Rush

text: In 2011, a lawsuit was filed in the Northern District of California by author Joe Quirk, claiming "Premium Rush" was based on his 1998 novel "The Ultimate Rush". The suit claimed many plot, character name, and scene similarities to Quirk's original novel. In July 2012, U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg declined to dismiss Quirk's claim that Sony Pictures, parent company of Columbia Pictures, had breached an implied contract. The production company Pariah, director David Koepp and co-screenwriter John Kamps are also named in the suit. On April 2, 2013, Judge Seeborg dismissed this case, finding that the two works were not substantially similar.


title: Premium Rush

text: In its opening weekend, "Premium Rush" opened at #8, grossing $6 million. The film grossed $20.3 million in North America while grossing $10.8 million in foreign markets, totaling a worldwide income of $31.1 million, against a production budget of $35 million.


title: Premium Rush

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 74% based on 160 reviews, with an average rating of 6.33/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's built out of familiar parts, but no matter how formulaic "Premium Rush"s storyline might seem, it's elevated by high-octane action and enjoyable performances." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B on scale of A to F.


title: Premium Rush

text: "Chicago Sun-Times" critic Roger Ebert awarded the film 3.5 stars out of 4, calling it a "breakneck chase movie".


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: , is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Suu Minazuki. The plot revolves around Tomoki Sakurai, a boy who desires to live a peaceful life but encounters a fallen girl with wings, named Ikaros, who becomes his servant.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: The manga began monthly serialization in the May 2007 issue of manga magazine "Shōnen Ace" and concluded with the March 2014 issue. The first "tankōbon" was released by Kadokawa Shoten on September 26, 2007, with a total of 20 volumes released. An anime adaptation produced by AIC aired in Japan in 2009, followed with a second season, a feature film, and two video games. A second film was released in Japan on April 26, 2014. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: Tomoki Sakurai is a perverted teenage boy whose motto is "Peace and quiet are the best", and often has dreams of meeting an angel. He finds it difficult to live in comfort when he has to put up with Sohara Mitsuki, his next-door neighbor with a killer karate chop; Eishiro Sugata, an eccentric pseudo-scientist bent on discovering the "New World"; and Mikako Satsukitane, their school's sadistic student council president. One night, while he was witnessing a strange anomaly in the sky, a UMA (Unidentified Mysterious Animal) crash-landed nearby. Tomoki discovers that what fell from the sky is a winged female humanoid named Ikaros from an unknown world of Synapse, who soon declares herself to be Tomoki's servant. From then on, more creatures known as "Angeloids" arrive; with this, he loses his peace and quiet, but at the same time finds pleasant things the Angeloids bring him, and fight the forces that fall upon Earth.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: is a land located in the skies that is home to the Angels and the Angeloids. It was first introduced in the series as a black hole above Sorami. Nymph has a device called the Dive Game that creates a portal between Sorami and Synapse via Tomoki's dreams. In the Synapse, there is a large dome that contains numerous Angels in sleeping pods, which connects them to their real-world avatars. If the avatar in the real world is killed, the people associated with them will have their memories erased, such as the case with Hiyori. Also in the Synapse is a large obelisk called the Rule which grants people wishes and creates the cards that the Angeloids use.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: In 2006, Suu Minazuki's previous manga "Judas" had ceased publication in Kadokawa Shoten's "Shōnen Ace" magazine with a total of five volumes. Minazuki had also wrapped up his fantasy harem comedy series "Watashi no Messiah-sama" in 2007, for which he started a sequel "Watashi no Kyūseishu-sama ~lacrima~" which ran for 35 chapters in "Monthly GFantasy" in 2007–2008. These works were set in fantasy worlds with some references to Biblical characters and settings; Minazuki briefly alludes to the Tower of Babel in the history of the Angeloids. Minazuki's Angeloid characters and weapons in "Sora no Otoshimono" are primarily named after characters in Greek mythology, including their classifications sequentially pulled from the Greek alphabet.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: In 2008, Minazuki started a seinen water adventure series called "Seven Ocean", but only six chapters were published. As the publication of "Sora no Otoshimono" was geared for a wider "shōnen" audience, Minazuki made some adjustments such as posting warnings to his readers to skip the chapter when it contains obvious nudity themes, and placing censor boxes and ovals over exposed body parts. Yoshihiro Watanabe, who worked on "Brighter than the Dawning Blue" and "Bamboo Blade" handled the Character Design and served as the Chief Animation Director for the first anime series. Hisashi Saito, who also directed "Bamboo Blade", handled the Direction for the anime series as well as the OVA and the feature film.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: "Heaven's Lost Property" began monthly serialization in the May 2007 issue of "Shōnen Ace" sold on March 26, 2007 and concluded with the March 2014 issue sold on January 26, 2014. The first "tankōbon" was released by Kadokawa Shoten on September 26, 2007, with a total of 20 "tankōbon" released in Japan. Chapter titles are often suffixed with two exclamation points.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: In addition, a four-panel comic, titled , illustrated by ms, was developed and published in the inaugural issue of Kadokawa Shoten's "4-Koma Nano Ace" magazine (published on March 9, 2011), and continued in "Shōnen Ace" until its conclusion on March 26, 2011. It focuses on the lives of Astraea, Nymph, and Ikaros.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: An anime adaptation produced by AIC and directed by Hisashi Saitō aired in Japan from October 4 to December 27, 2009 on TV Saitama and Chiba TV, with subsequent broadcasts on KBS, tvk, Sun Television, TVQ, Tokyo MX and TV Aichi, with English-subtitled simulcasts provided on the Crunchyroll. Seven DVD compilation volumes were released between December 25, 2009 and June 25, 2010 by Kadokawa Pictures, with limited edition volumes also sold. A Blu-ray box set was released on June 24, 2011. An OVA episode entitled "Project Pink" was bundled with the limited edition release of volume 9 of the manga on DVD on September 9, 2010.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: A second season, , was announced on reprinted copies of the manga, and aired 12 episodes between October 1 to December 17, 2010 with simulcasts provided by Crunchyroll, as with the first season. Six DVD volumes were released by Kadokawa Pictures between December 24, 2010 and May 27, 2011.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: The opening theme for the first season is "Ring My Bell", and for the second season, it is ; both are performed by Blue Drops and feature singers Hitomi Yoshida and Ikaros (Saori Hayami). Both seasons also use different ending themes for each episode.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: Both seasons of the anime are licensed in North America by Funimation Entertainment, which released them under the respective titles of "Heaven's Lost Property" and "Heaven's Lost Property: Forte". The first season was released on December 20, 2011 on DVD and Blu-ray. However, due to concerns from the Japanese licensing company regarding Blu-ray sales, the second season was released only as a 2-disc DVD set in North America on March 20, 2012. The second season was released on Blu-ray on June 25, 2013.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: A film adaptation called was announced by Kadokawa Shoten in November 2010. The film focuses on the Hiyori arc of the manga. A 30-second teaser trailer was shown in the post-end credits of the final episode of "Forte". The film premiered in Japanese theaters on June 25, 2011. Funimation Entertainment licensed the film under the title of "Heaven's Lost Property the Movie: The Angeloid of Clockwork", and released it on February 26, 2013. A second film called "Heaven's Lost Property Final – The Movie: Eternally My Master" was released on April 26, 2014.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: A light novel adaptation of "Heaven's Lost Property" written by Rin Kazaki and illustrated by Minazuki was released by Kadokawa Shoten on February 1, 2010 under its Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko imprint. A sequel to the light novel called "Sora no Otoshimono f", written by Rin Kanzaki and illustrated by Minazuki and Ayun Tachibana, was released on October 1, 2010.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: A video game developed by Kadokawa Shoten called was released for the PlayStation Portable on March 25, 2010, featuring character interactions and mini-game puzzles. Another game developed by Kadokawa Shoten called was released for the Nintendo DS on January 27, 2011, with gameplay of a visual novel plus some mildly sexually suggestive mini-games.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: Several types of merchandise have been produced based primarily on the female characters of "Sora no Otoshimono"; they include: figurines, T-shirts, keychains, and body pillows. "Oppai" Mouse pads were also produced; the one of Ikaros became the subject of a bonus chapter.


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: Tim Jones of T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews stated that the anime show "Dangles between the line of guilty pleasure and stupid, but manages to be an entertaining series all the same." and is actually funny in comparison to "DearS", with "decent fanservice, amusing characters, and doesn't revolve entirely around subservient alien girls", however, he is critical of the tacked on fanservice, and dislikes Mikako's terrible character, "basically a two-faced bitch" whose smirks imply a "mean-spirited, unfunny joke coming out of her mouth." Chris Beveridge of Mania.com wrote that the second anime series "provides the kind of humor that's good to have once and certainly not what I want out of a lot of series, but the staff here has hit just about everything right (outside of that awful wrestling episode)." Theron Martin of Anime News Network wrote that the second series was sporadically enjoyable, with much of the attempts at humor and fanservice to be abysmally poor, although he enjoyed the English dub's voice work. Dennis Amith of J!-ENT considered the series "Intriguingly perverse, reminiscent of "Urusei Yatsura" and "Chobits"" and appealing to harem and fan service anime fans, but "enjoyed with every episode, the voice talent singing songs via anime theme songs from the ’70s, ’80′s and modern-style themes".


title: Heaven's Lost Property

text: Following the anime episode ending that involved flying panties, "Rocket Girls" creator Hōsuke Nojiri created a rubber band powered ornithopter in the shape of the panties, and posted the video on Nico Nico Douga where it soon became popular. NKH (Niconico's live streaming station) and a local school (Niconico Technical Community) then hosted a "Sora Fes" event on March 6, 2010, where participants built and flew model airplanes in the likeness of the flying panties. Nojiri, along with OpenSky's media artist Kazuhiko Hachiya, director Hisashi Saito, and TBS announcer Jun Suzuki also attended the event. With the broadcast of the "Sora No Otoshimono Forte" anime season, the January 2011 issue of "Newtype" featured Ikaros as the most popular female character, with Nymph at #7 and Astraea at #9. Tomoki Sakurai was also listed as #5 for most popular male character in that month. Streaming broadcaster Crunchyroll reported that "Sora No Otoshimono Forte" ranked #3 in popularity of their top 10 anime broadcasts in the Fall of 2010.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Holmes Sterling Morrison Jr. (August 29, 1942 – August 30, 1995) was an American guitarist, best known as one of the founding members of the rock group the Velvet Underground, usually playing electric guitar, occasionally bass guitar, and singing backing vocals.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Unlike bandmates Lou Reed, John Cale, Maureen Tucker and Nico, Morrison never released a solo album or made recordings under his own name. He was nevertheless an essential element of the group's sound as a guitarist whose percussive and syncopated rhythm playing and melodic lead parts provided the foil for Lou Reed's improvisational rhythm and lead guitar riffs.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison was born on August 29, 1942, in the Long Island town of East Meadow, New York. He had two brothers and two sisters. His parents divorced when he was young and his mother remarried. He first met future Velvet Underground drummer Maureen Tucker during childhood, through her brother Jim, who attended Division Avenue High School in Levittown, New York, with Morrison. Originally playing trumpet, Morrison switched to guitar after his teacher was drafted.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison majored in English at the City College of New York. While visiting his friend Jim Tucker at Syracuse University, he met Lou Reed, a friend of Tucker and a fellow English student. Before Reed graduated in 1964, they met again in New York City in 1963. By this time, Reed had met John Cale and was interested in starting a band, so when they encountered Morrison, he was invited to join.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Reed, Cale, Morrison and percussionist Angus MacLise constituted the original line-up of the Velvet Underground, taking the name from Michael Leigh's sadomasochistic novel of the same name. Reed sang and played guitar, Morrison played guitar, Cale played viola, bass and keyboards and MacLise was playing bongos, hand drums, tabla, tambourines and the cimbalom. MacLise was soon replaced by Maureen Tucker.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison primarily played guitar on the band's first two albums, although when Cale, the band's usual bassist, played viola or keyboards in the studio or on stage, Morrison often filled in on bass. Some songs (including "Heroin" and "Sister Ray") had Reed and Morrison on their usual guitars while Cale played viola and Vox Continental organ respectively, with no bass guitar.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: There were at least three songs where Cale played both piano and bass while Reed and Morrison played guitars and these were "I'm Waiting for the Man", "Femme Fatale" and "White Light/White Heat" and two songs where Cale played both viola and bass with Reed and Morrison on guitars: "Here She Comes Now" and "The Black Angel's Death Song", the former of which saw Cale doubling on piano. Although Morrison was a proficient bassist (as exemplified by his performances on "Sunday Morning", "Venus in Furs", "All Tomorrow's Parties" and "Lady Godiva's Operation"), he disliked playing the instrument.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: After Cale left the group in 1968, Morrison usually exclusively played guitar; however, photographic evidence indicates that he continued to play bass onstage for certain songs if Doug Yule, Cale's replacement, was occupied with organ. Additionally, Morrison frequently sang backing vocals and the occasional lead vocal spot (he recited many verses of Reed's poetry in "The Murder Mystery" and sang one line in "I'm Sticking With You").


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison repeatedly remarked that "Venus in Furs", from the band's debut album, was his personal favorite of all of The Velvet Underground's songs, as he felt that the group had achieved with that one track, to a greater degree than any other, the sound the band had in mind.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: In 1970, when the band was back in New York City to play an entire summer's engagement at Max's Kansas City, Morrison seized the opportunity to complete his undergraduate degree at the City College of New York. He remained in the Velvet Underground as lead guitarist after Reed left the band in acrimonious circumstances in August 1970. In 1971, however, he began graduate studies at the University of Texas at Austin, where he would earn a PhD in medieval literature (with a dissertation on the four signed poems of Cynewulf) in 1986. Morrison's last performance with the band was on August 21, 1971, at Liberty Hall (Houston, Texas). When it was time for the band to return to New York, Morrison packed an empty suitcase and accompanied them to the gate of their departing plane, before finally telling them he was staying in Texas and leaving the band, the last founding member to quit.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison began to work on Houston tugboats as a deckhand to supplement his income in the mid-1970s; when he was forced to relinquish his teaching assistantship some years later, he was licensed as a master mariner and became the captain of a Houston tugboat, a vocation he pursued throughout the 1980s.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: After leaving the Velvet Underground, Morrison's musical career was primarily limited to informal sessions for personal enjoyment, though he played in a few bands around Austin, Texas, most notably the Bizarros. Morrison's tenure in the capital of Texas made him a well-loved and admired member of the local music community as well as an influential voice. During John Cale's renaissance in the late 1970s, Morrison occasionally sat in with his former bandmate on stages such as the Armadillo World Headquarters in Austin. From the mid-1980s on, he occasionally recorded or performed with Cale, Reed, and particularly Tucker, who had by then started a solo career of her own. Morrison was part of her touring band for most of the late 1980s and early 1990s.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: In 1992, the core Velvet Underground line-up of Reed, Cale, Morrison and Tucker decided to reform for a tour and possible album. Morrison argued that Doug Yule, who had replaced Cale in 1968, should be included to fill out the sound, but Reed and Cale vetoed him. The band extensively toured Europe in 1993, alternatively as headline act or supporting U2. Morrison's playing held up well, and his performances were generally agreed to be top-notch. But by the end of the tour, relationships had soured again and plans for a US tour and "MTV Unplugged" album were scrapped and as a result, the European tour turned out to be the last for the Velvet Underground. Morrison joined Maureen Tucker's band for a tour in 1994.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: In late 1994, Morrison was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and as his health deteriorated, he could no longer play guitar. He was visited by his former bandmates Reed and Tucker and according to Reed, when he visited Morrison for the last time, he was bedridden, had lost weight and his hair, but never complained about his lymphoma and described it as "leaves in the fall".


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Upon their induction in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, Reed, Cale and Tucker performed a song titled "Last Night I Said Goodbye to My Friend", which was dedicated to Morrison.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: In March 2001, Morrison was remembered through a tribute set at the Austin Music Awards during the South by Southwest Festival. John Cale performed "Some Friends", a song he had composed in Morrison's memory, with Alejandro Escovedo, who played the Galaxie 500 song "Tugboat", also written for Morrison. An SXSW panel on Sterling successfully convened that year, with Cale and others remembering their fallen friend. Morrison was also the subject of an oral history, "Velvet Underdog", in "The Austin Chronicle" that year. The story utilised quotes by Cale, Reed, Tucker, and other Morrison associates.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: The Galaxie 500 song "Tugboat" alludes to Morrison's post-Velvet Underground career. Morrison was a major influence on Dean Wareham.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison's surviving family includes his widow, Martha (whom he married in 1971), his son, Thomas, and his daughter, Mary Anne, all of whom reside in Poughkeepsie, New York.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: During the Cale era, there was no established "lead" or "rhythm" guitar hierarchy in the Velvet Underground; both Reed and Morrison traded roles regularly. From the third album on though, Morrison almost always took the role of lead guitarist as Reed concentrated more on his singing and rhythm playing.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Morrison and Reed's guitars were essentially duelling guitars that complemented each other, alternating between lead lines and rhythm parts interchangeably and with no assigned roles on who was lead or rhythm. Relative to Reed's improvisational and experimental guitar style, Morrison's guitar style was generally syncopated and more percussive with cleaner melodic lead parts. Praising his late bandmate's guitar playing, Reed told David Fricke, "Sometimes, I think his guitar playing is very much like his first name – sterling. It's involved. And yet it has a grace and elegance to it, even in the fast-note runs. You could play me a hundred guitars, and I could spot Sterling."


title: Sterling Morrison

text: Doug Yule, who joined the Velvet Underground later, stated that Morrison's greatest influence as a guitarist was Mickey Baker, a blues and R&B stylist known for "Love Is Strange", a hit single from 1957 as part of Mickey and Sylvia.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: While Reed was the main writer, there has been some conjecture that both Morrison and Cale made more songwriting contributions than is specified in the credits as Morrison later told Victor Bockris, "Lou really did want to have a whole lot of credit for the songs, so on nearly all of the albums we gave it to him. It kept him happy. He got the rights to all the songs on Loaded so now he's credited for being the absolute and singular genius of the Underground, which is not true. There are a lot of songs I should have coauthorship on, and the same holds true for John Cale. The publishing company was called Three Prong because there were three of us involved. I'm the last person to deny Lou's immense contribution and he's the best songwriter of the three of us. But he wanted all the credit, he wanted it more than we did, and he got it, to keep the peace." Nevertheless, Morrison got co-writing credits on "European Son", "Here She Comes Now", "The Gift", "Sister Ray", "Hey Mr. Rain", "Ride into the Sun", "Foggy Notion", "Ferryboat Bill", "I'm Gonna Move Right In", "Coney Island Steeplechase" and "Guess I'm Falling in Love". He also co-wrote "Chelsea Girls" with Reed, the title track to Nico's debut solo album.


title: Sterling Morrison

text: "Only recordings with Morrison are listed. For the band's full discography, please see the" Velvet Underground" article."


title: Tim McIlrath

text: Timothy James McIlrath (born November 3, 1978) is an American rock musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter and co-founder of the punk rock band Rise Against. He is vegan and straight edge.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath was born in 1978 to Jim and Michelle McIlrath. He attended Rolling Meadows High School in Rolling Meadows, IL. This was also the set for the music video, "Make It Stop (September's Children)." In college (Northeastern Illinois University), McIlrath majored in English and Sociology. In his junior year, he met Joe Principe at a Sick of It All concert. Principe asked McIlrath to sing over a few tracks that he and Dan Wleklinski had recorded. It was at this time that Transistor Revolt was formed and McIlrath left college.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath has a condition called heterochromia, where his left eye is blue and his right eye is hazel.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath began his musical career in his teens and was active in the Chicago local punk rock scene. His first band was the post-hardcore band Baxter, formed in 1995 along with future The Lawrence Arms drummer Neil Hennessy and future Killing Tree and Holy Roman Empire bassist Geoff Reu.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: Their first release was a full length, self-released, cassette, "Troy's Bucket", which was released in 1996. Troy's Bucket was met with warm reception from the scene, and Baxter became a popular band in the Chicago underground scene.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: In 1997 they released a 7" EP "Lost Voices" on Static Station Records. After some local touring, the band split up.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath played bass and sang backup in the first incarnation of The Honor System. He sang one song on their demo. He and drummer Neil Hennesy were also in a brief lineup of the grindcore band Yellow Road Priest, whose members went on to form Pelican. The band broke up in 1999.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath joined the band Arma Angelus, a Chicago metalcore band fronted by Pete Wentz, who would later be bassist in the pop punk band Fall Out Boy. McIlrath played bass in the band until 1999 when he quit to form Transistor Revolt, which became Rise Against, and The Killing Tree.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: In 1999, Tim McIlrath formed the band that would become Rise Against with former 88 Fingers Louie bassist, Joe Principe, guitarist Dan Precision (A.K.A. Mr. Precision), and drummer Toni Tintari under the name 'Transistor Revolt'. Drummer Brandon Barnes did not join until 2001; it was at the same time the band was renamed Rise Against. They officially recorded their debut album "The Unraveling" on Fat Wreck Chords in 2001.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: In 2002 guitarist Mr. Precision left due to arguments with the band, and Todd Mohney filled his role. Later that year they released their second album "Revolutions per Minute" which was greeted with warm success. They toured the U.S. steadily that year, though by the end of it, Mohney left. In order to replace him, former Reach the Sky guitarist Chris Chasse joined in 2004 and they released their Geffen debut "Siren Song of the Counter Culture".


title: Tim McIlrath

text: With the release of the singles "Give It All", "Swing Life Away", and "Life Less Frightening", Rise Against became more popular with mainstream fans, but still kept their underground sensibility. After more touring (including a European tour and spots on the Vans Warped tour), the band went back to the studio and recorded their fourth album "The Sufferer & the Witness", which included four singles ("Ready to Fall, "Prayer of the Refugee", "The Good Left Undone", and "Behind Closed Doors".)


title: Tim McIlrath

text: As of 2021, McIlrath has recorded nine studio albums with Rise Against ("The Unraveling", "Revolutions per Minute", "Siren Song of the Counter Culture", "The Sufferer & the Witness", "Appeal to Reason", "Endgame", "The Black Market", "Wolves" and "Nowhere Generation"), as well as a compilation album ("The Ghost Note Symphonies, Vol. 1"), and has remained as the main lyricist of the band.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath has played in his metalcore side project The Killing Tree along with former Rise Against guitarist Todd Mohney and former Baxter and Holy Roman Empire bassist, Geoff Reu. During the early years of the band, all members used pseudonyms (Tim's being James Kaspar) out of concern for it. The Killing Tree has not produced any music or toured since 2004, but contributed their previously unreleased song "Dressed to Fuck" on the 2006 Thick Records compilation album "Hair: Chicago Punk Cuts", which featured Emily Schambra (of Holy Roman Empire) as guest vocals on the song. Schambra also contributed backing vocals on Rise Against's album "The Sufferer & the Witness" for the songs "The Approaching Curve", "Roadside", and the b-side "But Tonight We Dance".


title: Tim McIlrath

text: When the band first began, McIlrath stated how they weren't seeking to gather such a large audience in their pursuit for originality and social justice that defined them as the "black sheep" of punk rock. The original goal of the band was only to create music, never seen as a long-term group until the band came to a realization of similar activist beliefs that led McIlrath to describe music as a vessel for change. These beliefs started to get integrated into the music most prominently after the release of "The Sufferer & The Witness," when McIlrath said that he sought to make a difference in the world he lives in as opposed to being one of the bands in the punk/hardcore scene today that are[n't] saying anything important".


title: Tim McIlrath

text: Having not grown up in a political family, McIlrath says that he was never particularly involved until he began playing punk rock. After entering the music scene, though, he began to feel a strong connection towards his convictions, specifically animal and human rights. While Rise Against's most popular songs are not political, songs such as "Swing Life Away" and "Make It Stop" have risen to prominence as McIlrath seeks to speak to a generation that he believes is lacking conviction towards their world, as explained throughout the storytelling narrative of the band's albums. The band has begun to seek after more politically and socially challenging lyrics as time progresses, responding to current events such as the song "Help Is On The Way" and its use of support for victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath became a vegetarian at the age of eighteen as a result of his own understanding of the meat-industry as opposed to having it "shoved. . .down my throat." The realization of PETA, an animal rights support group, came through the music scene and McIlrath's own realization of the events that occur within meat processing and inhumane conditions that animals are forced to live in. As time went on, these beliefs got integrated into his lyric writing such as Rise Against video for the single "Ready to Fall" contains footage of factory farming, rodeos, and sport hunting, as well as deforestation, melting ice caps, and forest fires. The group has called the video the most important video they have ever made. In February 2012 the band released a cover of the Bob Dylan song "Ballad of Hollis Brown" as part of a benefit for Amnesty International. After the release of the film "Black Fish", McIlrath worked with PETA to create a video in support of releasing animals in captivity, exclaiming how "I make a choice every time I go out on stage, I choose to perform. Animals in captivity don't get to make that choice".


title: Tim McIlrath

text: McIlrath, along with most of the rest of Rise Against, follows the subculture ideology of "straight edge", a belief that promotes refrain from using alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in a reaction to the excesses of punk subculture.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (; – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: Nikola was born in the village of Njeguši, the home of the reigning House of Petrović. He was the son of Mirko Petrović-Njegoš, a celebrated Montenegrin warrior (an elder brother to Danilo I of Montenegro) and his wife, Anastasija Martinovich (1824–1895). After 1696, when the dignity of vladika, or prince-bishop, became hereditary in the Petrović family, the sovereign power had descended from uncle to nephew, the vladikas belonging to the order of the black clergy (i.e., monastic clergy) who are forbidden to marry. A change was introduced by Danilo I, who declined the episcopal office, married and declared the principality hereditary in the direct male line. Mirko Petrović-Njegoš having renounced his claim to the throne, his son was nominated heir-presumptive, and the old system of succession was thus incidentally continued.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: Prince Nikola, who had been trained from infancy in martial and athletic exercises, spent a portion of his early boyhood in Trieste at the household of the Kustic family, to which his aunt, the princess Darinka, wife of Danilo II, belonged. The princess was an ardent francophile, and at her suggestion, the young heir-presumptive of the vladikas was sent to the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Unlike his contemporary, King Milan of Serbia, Prince Nikola was little influenced in his tastes and habits by his Parisian education; the young highlander, whose keen patriotism, capability for leadership and poetic talents early displayed themselves, showed no inclination for the pleasures of the French capital, and eagerly looked forward to returning to his native land.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: Nikola was a member of the "United Serbian Youth" (Уједињена омладина српска) during its existence (1866–1871). After the organization was prohibited in the Principality of Serbia and Austro-Hungary, the "Association for Serb Liberation and Unification" (Дружина за ослобођење и уједињење српско) was established by Nikola, Marko Popović, Simo Popović, Mašo Vrbica, Vasa Pelagić, and more, in Cetinje (1871).


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: Nicholas I of Montenegro was also reflected in literature. His most significant works are the Serb patriotic song "Onamo, 'namo!" (There, over there!), and the drama "Empress of the Balkan".


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: While still in Paris, Nikola succeeded his assassinated uncle Danilo I as prince (13 August 1860). At age 19, in Cetinje, on 8 November 1860, he married Milena, 13 years old, daughter of a Vojvoda named Petar Vukotić and wife Jelena Vojvodić.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: In the period of peace which followed Nikola carried out a series of military, administrative and educational reforms. The country was embroiled in a series of wars with the Ottoman Empire between 1862 and 1878. In 1867 he met the emperor Napoleon III at Paris, and in 1868 he undertook a journey to Russia, where he received an affectionate welcome from the tsar, Alexander II. He afterwards visited the courts of Berlin and Vienna. His efforts to enlist the sympathies of the Russian imperial family produced important results for Montenegro; considerable subsidies were granted by the tsar and tsaritsa for educational and other purposes, and supplies of arms and ammunition were sent to Cetinje. In 1871 Prince Dolgorukov arrived at Montenegro on a special mission from the tsar, and distributed large sums of money among the people. In 1869 Prince Nikola, whose authority was now firmly established, succeeded in preventing the impetuous highlanders from aiding the Krivosians in their revolt against the Austrian government; similarly in 1897 he checked the martial excitement caused by the outbreak of the Greco-Turkish War.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: In 1876 Nikola declared war against Turkey; his military reputation was enhanced by the ensuing campaign, and still more by that of 1877/78, during which he captured Nikšić, Bar and Ulcinj. The war resulted in a considerable extension of the Montenegrin frontier and the acquisition of a seaboard on the Adriatic. Nikola justified the war as a revenge for the Battle of Kosovo (1389). In 1876 he sent a message to the Montenegrins in Herzegovina:


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognised the independence of Montenegro, and in the succeeding decades Montenegro enjoyed considerable prosperity and stability. Education, communications and the army expanded greatly (the latter with support from Imperial Russia). In 1883 Prince Nikola visited the sultan, with whom he subsequently maintained the most cordial relations; in 1896 he celebrated the bicentenary of the Petrović dynasty, and in the same year he attended the coronation of Nicholas II; in May 1898 he visited Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle.


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: According to Bolati, the Montenegrin court was not grieving that much over the murder of King Alexander Obrenović, as they saw him as an enemy of Montenegro and obstacle to the unification of Serb Lands. "Although it wasn't said openly, it was thought that the Petrović dynasty would achieve [the unification]. All procedures of King Nikola shows that he himself believed that".


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

text: He gave Montenegro its first constitution in 1905 following pressure from a population eager for more freedom. He also introduced west-European style press freedom and criminal law codes. In 1906, he introduced Montenegrin currency, the perper. On 28 August 1910, during the celebration of his jubilee, he assumed the title of king, in accordance with a petition from the Skupština.