title: Jim'll Fix It

text: Internally, the BBC were concerned that the show was providing excessive product placement for corporations. Eighteen years after the show ceased airing, allegations of child sex abuse were made against Savile (who by then had died), including claims that special episodes of "Jim'll Fix It" were devised by Savile in order to gain access to victims.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: The Fourth Doctor, Tom Baker, appeared in the second episode, where he tore off and handed away the frayed ends of his scarf to girls visiting the studio. Ten years later, a young "Doctor Who" fan, Gareth Jenkins, was able to take part in a short adventure titled "A Fix with Sontarans" with Colin Baker and Janet Fielding.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: Veteran actor Peter Cushing wrote to the show in 1986 to ask if a variety of rose could be named after his late wife; the 'Helen Cushing Rose' was the result.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: In the 1980s a young boy called Dom Lawson, who now works for "Kerrang!" and "Metal Hammer" magazines, got his wish to be Iron Maiden's tech for the day and meet the band. The incident was described in Iron Maiden's "A Matter of Life and Death" tour book, where Dom Lawson speaks about Iron Maiden and his history on the band.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: This new series saw the return of Savile and began on 5 April 2007 on UKTV Gold, and was titled "Jim'll Fix It Strikes Again". The series showed classic moments from the original shows, and attempted to 're-fix' it for some of the original participants.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: The BBC announced on 14 November 2011, following Savile's death, that the show would return for a one-time Christmas special on 26 December 2011, featuring Shane Richie as the programme's host. Only letters for 'fix-its' from children under 14 were eligible for the revived format. Lewis Hamilton guest-starred in this episode, as well as Girls Aloud member Kimberley Walsh.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: The theme song was sung by voice-over artist Lynda Hayes. The closing theme was sung by the group "Good Looks" (featuring Lavinia & Lewis Rodgers, siblings of Clodagh Rodgers) who competed in the 1982 A Song for Europe competition. Savile "fixed it" for a young viewer to perform the song with the group on an edition of the show.


title: Jim'll Fix It

text: Claims surfaced in 2012 that Savile sexually abused some of the children who took part in "Jim'll Fix It". Ordish said: "I didn't see anything and nothing was reported to me", but added that he knew Savile had a "predilection for younger females".


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular building with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles). Basilicas are either major basilicas – of which there are four, all in the Diocese of Rome – or minor basilicas, of which there were 1,810 worldwide .


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Numerous basilicas are notable shrines, often even receiving significant pilgrimages, especially among the many that were built above a "confessio" or the burial place of a martyr – although this term now usually designates a space before the high altar that is sunk lower than the main floor level (as in the case in St Peter's and St John Lateran in Rome) and that offer more immediate access to the burial places below. Some Catholic basilicas are Catholic pilgrimage sites, receiving tens of millions of visitors per year.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Churches designated as papal basilicas, in particular, possess a papal throne and a papal high altar, at which no one may celebrate Mass without the pope's permission.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: The papal or major basilicas outrank in precedence all other churches. Other rankings put the cathedral (or co-cathedral) of a bishop ahead of all other churches in the same diocese, even if they have the title of minor basilica. If the cathedral is that of a suffragan diocese, it yields precedence to the cathedral of the metropolitan see. The cathedral of a primate is considered to rank higher than that of other metropolitan(s) in his circonscription (usually a present or historical state). Other classifications of churches include collegiate churches, which may or may not also be minor basilicas.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: The distinction between major basilicas and minor basilicas appears to have arisen in the early eighteenth century. The earliest document that records the use of the term "major basilica" dates from 1727.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: To the category "Major basilica" belong only the four great churches of Rome, which among other distinctions have a special "holy door" and to which a visit is always prescribed as one of the conditions for gaining the Roman Jubilee. Only the major basilicas may prefix their titles with the adjective "sacrosancta" (most holy).


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: The four major basilicas, together with the minor basilica of St Lawrence Outside-the-Walls, were formerly known as "Patriarchal basilicas" as they were associated with the five ancient patriarchal sees of Christendom (see Pentarchy). Upon relinquishing the title of Patriarch of the West in 2006, Pope Benedict XVI renamed these basilicas from "Patriarchal basilicas" to "Papal basilicas".


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Nominally, the respective patriarchs could avail of accommodation attached to the basilicas should they have business in Rome. These assignments, however, are now purely historical. In some cases, more than one patriarch holds the title for the same patriarchate. For example, each of the Catholic patriarchs of the Melkite, Maronite and Syrian rites holds the title of "Patriarch of Antioch".


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: The privileges attached to the status of minor basilica, which is conferred by papal brief, include a certain precedence before other churches, the right of the "conopaeum" (a baldachin resembling an umbrella; also called "umbraculum", "ombrellino", "papilio", "sinicchio", etc.) and the bell ("tintinnabulum"), which are carried side by side in procession at the head of the clergy on state occasions, and the cappa magna which is worn by the canons or secular members of the collegiate chapter when assisting at the Divine Office. In the case of major basilicas these umbraculae are made of cloth of gold and red velvet, while those of minor basilicas are made of yellow and red silk – the colors traditionally associated with both the Papal See and the city of Rome.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Regarding "minor basilicas" the terms "papal minor basilica", "pontifical minor basilica" and "patriarchal minor basilica" are also in use.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: There are three papal minor basilicas, one in Rome, Basilica of St Lawrence Outside-the-Walls, and two in Assisi associated with Saint Francis of Assisi situated in or near his home town. Architecturally, the Papal Basilica of St Francis of Assisi is an aisleless nave with lateral chapels.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: There are five pontifical minor basilicas in the world (the word "pontifical" referring to the title "pontiff" of a bishop, and more particularly of the Bishop of Rome):


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: The description patriarchal applies to two minor basilicas associated with archbishops who have the title of patriarch: Patriarchal Cathedral Basilica of St Mark in Venice and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Not all patriarchal cathedrals are minor basilicas, notably: the Patriarchal Cathedral of St Mary Major in Lisbon, Portugal, and the Patriarchal Cathedral of Santa Catarina, Old Goa, India are not.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: In recent times, the title of minor basilica has been attributed to important pilgrimage churches. In 1999 Bishop Francesco Giogia stated that the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City (constructed in the 20th century) was the most visited Catholic shrine in the world, followed by San Giovanni Rotondo and Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida in Brazil. Millions of pilgrims visit the shrines of Our Lady of Lourdes and Our Lady of Fatima. Pilgrimage basilicas continue to attract well over 30 million pilgrims per year. Ireland contains two pilgrimage basilicas: Knock Shrine and St Patrick's Purgatory (Lough Derg).


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: Every year, on 13 May and 13 October, the significant dates of the Fatima apparitions, pilgrims fill the country road that leads to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima with crowds that approach one million on each day. In December 2009 the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe set a new record with 6.1 million pilgrims during Friday and Saturday for the anniversary of Our Lady of Guadalupe.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: St. Mary's Cathedral in Ernakulam, India is the Episcopal See of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. The cathedral was elevated to the status of basilica by Pope Paul VI on 20 March 1974. St. George Forane Church in Angamaly, also of the Syro-Malabar rite, was raised to the status of basilica on 24 June 2009 by Pope Benedict XVI.


title: Basilicas in the Catholic Church

text: On 10 May 1997 Pope John Paul II visited the Basilica of Our Lady of Lebanon in Harissa, Lebanon. The basilica is under the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate. The Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in North Jackson, Ohio, USA is under the jurisdiction of the Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon. The shrine was elevated to the status of a minor basilica by Pope Francis on 8 July 2014.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: Rec Room is a virtual reality massively multiplayer online game with an integrated game creation system developed and published by Rec Room Inc. "Rec Room" is currently available on Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Oculus Quest, Meta Quest 2, the App Store (iOS/iPadOS), and Android.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: A hub room (called the “Rec Center”) is a recreational center (thus earning the game's title of "Rec Room") with doors that lead to various games called "Rec Room Originals" and featured user-generated rooms.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: The game can optionally be played on a virtual reality headset, specifically using SteamVR, virtual reality headsets by Reality Labs, and PlayStation VR. In virtual reality mode, the game uses full 3D motion via the motion capture system of a virtual reality headset and two hand-held motion controllers, which are required to pick up and handle objects in the game world, including balls, weapons, construction tools, and other objects. Players can explore the space around them within the confines of their physical floor-space while roaming further by using the controller buttons to teleport a short distance, with minimal to no virtual reality sickness. A “walking” mode enables players to move continuously rather than teleporting; however, this poses a higher risk of motion sickness.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: When creating rooms, users can use the "Maker Pen"; a tool resembling a hot glue gun, that can be used to draw shapes in 3D. Players can also code in "Circuits", which is "Rec Room"'s programming language.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: "Rec Room" consists of separate built-in multiplayer games, which are known as "Rec Room Originals". The games include first-person shooters, a Battle Royale game, cooperative action-adventure games, a Pictionary-like game, and various sports games. "Rec Room" also provides in-game tools for user-generated content, which led to the creation of many user-generated experiences.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In Rec Room, users can pay for a monthly subscription called "Rec Room Plus". This monthly subscription grants the subscribers to this subscription several features; including the ability to sell their own user-generated content. Users can sell this content for in-game currency. This currency can be transferred to money in the real world. This lets in-game creators get paid with real-world money.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: Seattle-based development studio Rec Room Inc. (formerly Against Gravity Corp) was co-founded in April 2016 by Nick Fajt, Cameron Brown, Dan Kroymann, Bilal Orhan, Josh Wehrly, and John Bevis. Prior to that, CEO Nick Fajt worked as a program manager on the HoloLens team at Microsoft. Dan Kroymann worked on the same team after working on the Xbox team. Rec Room Inc.′s CCO Cameron Brown also worked at Microsoft as HoloLens Creative Director.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In 2016 and early 2017, the company raised $5 million in funding for the development of "Rec Room" and its player community. According to CEO Nick Fajt, the company will keep "Rec Room" free to download.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In June 2019, Rec Room Inc. announced that the company raised an additional $24 million over two rounds of funding. In December 2020, Rec Room Inc. announced additional $20 million in funding.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In March 2021, Rec Room Inc. announced another funding round of $100 million with a valuation of $1.25 billion leading to its "unicorn" status.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In December 2021, Rec Room Inc. announced that they raised $145 million during another funding round, bringing the studio's valuation up to $3.5 billion.


title: Rec Room (video game)

text: In June 2017 "MIT Technology Review" contributor Rachel Metz described it as a great example of VR's potential for social interaction while criticizing its underdeveloped anti-abuse features.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: The 2016–17 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 117th in existence and the club's 86th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. Barcelona was involved in four competitions after winning the double of La Liga and the Copa del Rey in the previous season. This would be the final season under head coach Luis Enrique as he decided to let his contract expire.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: Barcelona kicked off the season with en emphatic 5–0 aggregate victory over Sevilla in the Supercopa de España, but the rest of the season was more mixed in nature. The most memorable highlights are certainly the historic 6–1 comeback win against Paris Saint-Germain in the return leg of the Champions League round of 16 to overturn the heavy 0–4 away defeat and the 3–2 last-minute away league victory in "El Clásico" over Real Madrid on April 23, courtesy of a Lionel Messi strike. However, these performances did not yield trophies in the aforementioned competitions, as Barça was shut down by Juventus in the Champions League quarter-finals (0–3 away, 0–0 home) and lost the league title to Real Madrid by three points. The only consolation was a third consecutive Copa del Rey win on May 27 against Alavés.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: The season was the first without Dani Alves since 2007–08, who departed to Juventus, until he returned for his second and final spell in the 2021–22 season.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 3 June, Barcelona announced that German club Borussia Dortmund have informed them of their desire to activate the buy-out clause for Marc Bartra.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 5 June, the club announced that Denis Suárez will be forming part of the first team for this season.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 1 July, Barcelona and Neymar negotiated a five-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2021.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 12 July, the club announced the transfers of 22-year-old French international defender Samuel Umtiti from Lyon and Lucas Digne from Paris Saint-Germain for the next five seasons, respectively.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 July, Barcelona and Sergi Samper negotiated a three-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2019, including promotion to the first team.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 July, Barcelona and Munir El Haddadi also negotiated a three-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2019.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 21 July, Barcelona and Valencia reached an agreement for the transfer of Portuguese international midfielder André Gomes. On 26 July, the transfer was completed.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: During the press conference of Gomes' presentation, the club announced midfielder Javier Mascherano's contract was extended until 30 June 2019.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 30 July, Barcelona won their first pre-season match against Scottish champions Celtic with a 1–3 score in Dublin as part of the 2016 International Champions Cup.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 3 August, Barcelona defeated English Premier League champions Leicester City 4–2 in Stockholm with goals from Munir (2), Luis Suárez and Barcelona B player Rafa Mújica.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 10 August, the 2016 Joan Gamper Trophy was played against Italian club Sampdoria, finishing 3–2 with a goal from Luis Suárez and two from Lionel Messi.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 14 August, Barcelona won the first official match in the 2016 Supercopa de España against Sevilla with a 0–2 away score.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 18 August, Barcelona beat Sevilla with 3–0 (5–0 aggregate) and won their 12th Supercopa de España.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 20 August, Barcelona defeated Real Betis 6–2 in their first Liga match, with a hat-trick from Luis Suárez, two goals from Messi and one from Arda Turan.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 25 August, the club completed the transfer of 27-year-old goalkeeper Jasper Cillessen from Ajax on a five-year contract, with goalkeeper Claudio Bravo then joining Manchester City after two years with Barça. Several hours later, both teams were drawn into Group C of the Champions League draw, alongside Borussia Mönchengladbach and Celtic.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 28 August, Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 0–1 with a goal from Rakitić and Luis Enrique wins his 100th match as Barça manager, Ter Stegen made most goalkeeper passes in one single match in LaLiga.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 13 September, Barcelona defeated Celtic 7–0 in the opening match of Group C in the Champions League. Messi notched his first hat-trick of the season, while Neymar provided four assists and a free-kick goal.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 17 September, Barcelona faced for the first time recently promoted Leganés at the Estadio Municipal de Butarque. Barcelona won 1–5 with two goals from Messi and one each from Luis Suárez, Neymar and Rafinha.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 21 September, Barcelona drew against Atlético Madrid 1–1; Ivan Rakitić gave Barça the lead before half-time, but Atlético battled back to draw level in the second half after Messi was substituted out due to injury.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 24 September, Barcelona won 0–5 over Sporting de Gijón through two goals from Neymar and one each from Suárez, Turan and Rafinha.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 28 September, Barcelona defeated Borussia Mönchengladbach 1–2 with goals from Turan and Gerard Piqué, turning around a 1–0 first-half deficit to Barça top of Group C.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 2 October, Barcelona lost to Celta de Vigo 4–3; a second-half resurgence not enough for Luis Enrique's side as they finished on the wrong end of a seven-goal thriller away in Vigo.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 15 October, Barcelona defeated Deportivo de La Coruña 4–0 with two goals from Rafinha and one each from Luis Suárez and Messi, the latter who returned from injury in the match.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 October, Barcelona defeated Manchester City – led by former Barça manager Pep Guardiola – 4–0 at home on the strength of a Messi hat-trick.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 22 October, Barcelona defeated Valencia 2–3 at Mestalla, Messi spot-kick in injury time secured three points out of an electrifying encounter.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 29 October, Barcelona won against Granada 1–0 in the 1,500th game at Camp Nou, Barça found it tough to breakdown the stubborn visitors but Rafinha's strike was enough to claim the win.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 1 November, Barcelona was defeated by Manchester City 3–1 at Manchester, Guardiola's team came from behind after Messi opened scoring.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 6 November, Barcelona won 1–2 against Sevilla at the Sánchez Pizjuán; Messi canceled out Vitolo's opener late in the first half before setting up Luis Suárez for the winner in a frenetic game.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 16 November, the club announced Rakuten signed up as FC Barcelona's new main global partner; the Japanese company will appear on the front of the team's shirt and become the Global Innovation and Entertainment Partner for the next four seasons, starting 1 July 2017.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 November, Barça drew Málaga 0–0, a domineering performance was frustrated by 90 minutes of intense Andalusian defending.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 23 November, Barcelona won 2–0 against Celtic at Celtic Park; coupled with Man City's draw in Germany, they clinched a seeded berth in the round of sixteen. Also in this game Messi reached 100 goals in international competitions for Barcelona.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 27 November, Barcelona drew 1–1 with Real Sociedad at Anoeta, Messi's second-half leveller halted Barça's run of four straight league losses in San Sebastian.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 30 November, Barcelona drew Hércules 1–1, a fine long range strike from debutant Aleña gave Barça a slight advantage going into the second leg.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 3 December, Barcelona drew 1–1 with Real Madrid, Luis Suárez' header being cancelled out by 90th minute Ramos equaliser.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 6 December, Barcelona won 4–0 against Borussia Mönchengladbach, a game which saw a hat-trick from Arda Turan.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 10 December, Barcelona won Osasuna 0–3, Luis Suárez breaks the deadlock in the second half, and two further goals from Leo Messi go on to claim all three points in Pamplona.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 12 December, Barcelona were drawn against Paris Saint-Germain in the round of 16 of the Champions League.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 15 December, Barcelona and Suárez negotiated a five-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2021.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 21 December, Barcelona won 7–0 against Hércules; Paco Alcácer scored his first official goal and Arda Turan got a hat-trick as Barça cruised into the last 16 of the Copa del Rey.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 8 January Barcelona drew 1–1 with Villarreal, with Messi scoring the equalizer in the 90th minute.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 11 January, Barcelona won 3–1 against Athletic Bilbao, goals from Suárez, Neymar and Messi secured an action-packed victory that kept alive the quest for a third consecutive Copa del Rey trophy.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 14 January, Barcelona won 5–0 against Las Palmas, a brace from Luis Suárez and one each for Leo Messi, Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal gave Barça a winning home start to the league in 2017.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 January Barcelona won 0–1 against Real Sociedad, Neymar's 21st-minute penalty ended decade of disappointments in San Sebastián.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 22 January, Barcelona won 0–4 against Eibar, a first-half strike from Denis followed by a goal each from the trident in the second secured another three points to stay within reach of the top two.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 26 January, Barcelona won 5–2 against Real Sociedad, a brace from Denis Suárez and further goals by Leo Messi, Luis Suárez and Arda Turan sent Barça into the final four of the Copa del Rey.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 29 January Barcelona drew 1–1 with Real Betis, an incident-packed game saw Suárez snatched a draw in the 90th minute after the Catalans had already seen at least one valid equaliser overruled.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 1 February, Barcelona won 2–1 against Atlético Madrid, Suárez and Messi put them in command but Griezmann's second half header kept Atlético alive.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 4 February, Barcelona won 3–0 against Athletic Club Bilbao, Paco Alcácer, Leo Messi, and Aleix Vidal all found the net.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 7 February, Barcelona draw 1–1 against Atlético Madrid, Luis Suárez's tap-in just before half-time was enough to see the Catalans into a fourth consecutive Copa del Rey final despite late drama which saw the visitors equalise and a player sent off.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 11 February, Barcelona won 6–0 against Alavés. Luis Suárez (2), Neymar Jr, Leo Messi and Ivan Rakitic were on target, plus one own goal; Aleix Vidal suffered a very serious ankle injury late in the game.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 14 February, Barcelona lost 4–0 against Paris Saint-Germain in the first leg of the first knockout round of the Champions League.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 February, Barcelona won 2–1 against Leganés, Leo Messi's 90th-minute penalty won the game at the Camp Nou.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 26 February, Barcelona won 2–1 against Atlético Madrid, Rafinha's opener was quickly cancelled out by Godín's header but Messi sealed three points in the closing stages.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 1 March, Barcelona won 6–1 against Sporting Gijón, with goals from Messi, Suárez, Alcácer, Neymar Jr, Rakitić and an own goal at the Camp Nou. During the press conference after the match, Luis Enrique announced his decision to leave at the end of the season.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 8 March, Barça came back from a 4–0 deficit in the first leg. In the second leg, they were up 3–1, but by way of scoring three goals in the last seven minutes, they advanced. Marc-Andre Ter Stegen's saves coupled with Neymar's brace and Sergi Roberto's goal at the death clinched the 6-5 aggregate win.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 9 March, Barcelona and Rakitic negotiated a four-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2021.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 12 March, Barcelona lost to Deportivo la Coruña 2–1, two goals from corners condemned Barça to defeat in Galicia, with Luis Suárez scoring in between.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 March, Barcelona won 4–2 against Valencia, with goals from Suárez, André Gomes and a brace from Messi.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: Barcelona defeated Granada on 2 April 1–4 away, goals from Suárez, Alcácer, Rakitic and Neymar handed Barça another three points to keep in close proximity of the top.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 8 April, Barcelona lost to Málaga 2–0, ten-man Barça missed out on the chance to return to the top of the table.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 11 April, Barcelona lost to Juventus 3–0, Barça could not break through Juve's rock-solid defense.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 15 April, Barcelona beat Real Sociedad 3–2, Barça edged past La Real in a hard-fought duel thanked to two goals from Leo Messi and one from Paco Alcácer.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 19 April, Barcelona drew 0–0 with Juventus, Barça bade farewell to the Champions League after being unable to break down a resilient Juve backline.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 23 April, Barcelona beat Real Madrid 3–2, Barça grabbed a dramatic victory at the Santiago Bernabéu thanks to an injury-time strike from Leo Messi to move joint-top of the table. The Argentine star scored his 500th official goal in blaugrana colours at the same time.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 26 April, Barcelona beat Osasuna 7–1, braces for Gomes, Messi and Alcácer, and a first ever Barça goal for Mascherano, earned the points.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 29 April, Barcelona beat Espanyol 3–0, all goals after half time, including a Suárez brace and one from Rakitic, to stay top of the table.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 6 May, Barcelona beat Villarreal 4–1, Messi, Suarez and Neymar all scored to keep the Liga title challenge alive, in the process surpassing a combined 100 goals for a third consecutive season.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 14 May, Barcelona beat Las Palmas 4–1, Neymar Jr scored three of the four goals that meant the championship race would now go to the last weekend.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 21 May, Barcelona won Eibar 4–2, Luis Enrique's men rally back from two goals down to claim victory on the final day of the league campaign but it was not enough to earn the title.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 27 May, Barcelona won Alavés 3–1, Barça become the first side since the 1950s to win the Copa del Rey three years in a row, on Luis Enrique's last game in charge.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: On 29 May, Barcelona and Ter Stegen negotiated a five-year contract extension lasting until 30 June 2022.


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players who have made an appearance or had a squad number this season but have left the club


title: 2016–17 FC Barcelona season

text: Includes all competitive matches. Players listed below made at least one appearance for Barcelona first squad during the season.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Christopher John Nowinski (born September 24, 1978) is an American neuroscientist and author. After extensively researching concussions in American football, Nowinski co-founded the Concussion Legacy Foundation, where he is currently the CEO, and co-founded Boston University's CTE Center. He is also a former professional wrestler, notably wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski graduated from Harvard with a Bachelor of Arts in sociology. He played college football at Harvard as an All-Ivy defensive tackle. He graduated with a Ph.D. in Behavioral Neuroscience from Boston University in 2017.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski was one of the three finalists on WWE's (at the time trading as WWF) first season of "Tough Enough", which Maven Huffman won. After failing to win the competition, Nowinski made appearances in independent promotions before being hired by WWF and entering its developmental territories. Nowinski competed as Chris Harvard, capitalizing on his status as an alumnus of Harvard University. Nowinski made his first major independent appearance in London, UK for the Frontier Wrestling Alliance promotion at its "Lights Camera Action" show on December 14, 2001. Nowinski competed in its main event teaming up with Alex Shane to defeat Drew McDonald and Flash Barker. Though this was the only show Nowinski did for the promotion, he regards it as the best promotion he has ever worked for outside of WWE.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: On the June 10, 2002, episode of "Raw", Nowinski debuted in WWE as a heel, helping William Regal beat Bradshaw in a European Championship match. Nowinski had a short-lived alliance with Regal, defeating Spike Dudley in his debut match the following week with Regal in his corner. Nowinski teamed with Regal on the June 24 episode of "Raw", defeating Bradshaw and Dudley. Nowinski continued to feud with Bradshaw over the next few weeks, with their feud ending on the July 8 episode of "Raw", where Nowinski teamed with Jackie Gayda in a losing effort against Bradshaw and Trish Stratus, while also trying to warm up Regal from his breakdown after he lost the European Championship to Jeff Hardy. Nowinski feuded with The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and Spike Dudley) through the summer.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski defeated Tommy Dreamer on the September 9 episode of "Raw". A week later, Dreamer attacked Nowinski in a classroom. Their feud ended on the October 14 episode of "Raw", where Nowinski was once again successful in defeating Dreamer. Over the next few weeks, Nowinski claimed victories over Jeff Hardy and Booker T before starting a feud with his former Tough Enough trainer, Al Snow. On the November 25 episode of "Raw", Nowinski went against Maven in a match that ended in a no contest. Nowinski teamed with D'Lo Brown to defeat Snow and Maven on two occasions. Nowinski continued his feud with Maven into 2003, where Test aligned himself with Maven for a few weeks, successfully defeating Nowinski and Brown on January 13, 2003, episode of "Raw".


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski competed his first ever Royal Rumble match in 2003, entering at #3. During the match Edge and Rey Mysterio performed a double missile dropkick on Nowinski, but a mistimed execution caused Edge to land on Nowinski's head that caused his subsequent post-concussion syndrome later in his career.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: On the March 31 episode of "Raw", Nowinski was defeated by Scott Steiner. The feud come to an end on the May 12 episode of "Raw", where Nowinski teamed with La Résistance (René Duprée and Sylvain Grenier) in a losing effort against Steiner, Test and Goldust. On the May 26 episode of "Raw", Nowinski aligned himself with "Thuggin' And Buggin' Enterprises", an African American wrestling stable consisting of Rodney Mack, Jazz and their manager Theodore Long. At Insurrextion, Nowinski teamed with Mack and Long in a losing effort against The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley, D-Von Dudley and Spike Dudley). At Bad Blood, Nowinski and Mack defeated Bubba Ray and D-Von. Nowinski wrestled his final match with WWE, due to him sustaining post-concussion syndrome, on the June 23 episode of "Raw", in a losing effort against Maven. After a full year of post-concussion symptoms he chose to retire from wrestling.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Following his wrestling career, Nowinski authored "Head Games: Football's Concussion Crisis" in 2006, which examined the long-term effects of head trauma among athletes, and also became a documentary. The Lancet said "the book sent shockwaves through the National Football League (NFL)" and details his career-ending injury and discusses the dangers of concussions in football and other contact sports; the book includes stories from National Football League (NFL) players and fellow wrestlers, and has an introduction written by former governor of Minnesota and professional wrestler, Jesse Ventura.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Later that year, Nowinski initiated an inquiry into the suicide of Andre Waters, a 44-year-old former NFL defensive back who shot himself on November 20, 2006. Waters had sustained several concussions over his career, and at Nowinski's behest, Waters' family agreed to send pieces of his brain to be tested. Bennet Omalu, a pathologist at the University of Pittsburgh announced that "the condition of Waters' brain tissue was what would be expected in an 85-year-old man, and there were characteristics of someone being in the early stages of Alzheimer's."


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski played a role in the discovery of the fourth case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a former NFL football player, former Pittsburgh Steelers offensive lineman Justin Strzelczyk, who was killed in an automobile crash in 2004 at age 36. Julian Bailes, the chairman of the department of neurosurgery at West Virginia University and the Steelers' team neurosurgeon during Strzelczyk's career, insisted to Nowinski over a phone conversation that he thought Strzelczyk's death, which was precipitated by strange behavior that some had labeled as "bipolar", was worth looking into due to its similarities to the Andre Waters case. Nowinski contacted Omalu, who discovered the brain was still available, and Nowinski called Mary Strzelczyk, Justin's mother, to ask for permission to Omalu to examine it for CTE. Omalu's positive diagnosis was confirmed by two other neuropathologists.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski came together with Ted Johnson, former New England Patriots linebacker, on revealing symptoms of concussions after Johnson (who received over half a dozen concussions in his career) retired from the NFL.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski alerted police and the coroner of Chris Benoit, asking them to do a brain exam on Benoit's brain to see if concussions had any part in his rage or depression at the time of the double-homicide of his family and his suicide. In June 2007, Nowinski co-founded the Sports Legacy Institute (now the Concussion Legacy Foundation), an organization dedicated to furthering awareness of and research on sports-related head injuries, and increasing the safety of contact and collision sports worldwide. Nowinski's work was documented on ESPN's "Outside the Lines" on September 5, 2007. On the same day, Benoit's brain examination report showed extensive damage due to concussions that could have led to dementia.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Since Nowinski's departure from WWE and the publication of his book "Head Games", he has garnered a significant amount of media attention, making numerous appearances on networks such as ESPN and CNN to discuss sports-related head injuries. On June 14, 2007, Nowinski and Robert Cantu founded the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) in Boston, Massachusetts in reaction to medical research indicating brain trauma in sports had become a public health crisis. Postmortem analysis of the brain tissue of former contact sports athletes was revealing that repetitive brain injuries, both concussions and subconcussive blows, could lead to the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In addition, an absence of awareness and education on concussions, specifically proper diagnosis and management, was allowing the disease to proliferate. Finally, with brain trauma becoming the signature injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, this research/education model could also be applied to the military.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: CLF was founded to solve the concussion crisis in sports and the military through medical research, treatment, and education & prevention. The initial vision of the CLF was to formalize neuropathological research and develop and treatment, via partnership with a top-tier university medical school. To that end, the CLF began such a partnership with Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) in September 2008, collaborating in formation of its Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE Center).


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: CLF has sought to develop ways to raise awareness of the issue and to directly educate coaches, athletes and parents and has been featured in articles in "The New York Times", on news programs such as "60 Minutes" and "Frontline", and CNN.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: In August 2010, Nowinski criticized allegations made by Linda McMahon during her Senate campaign that she only met recently deceased wrestler Lance Cade "once" and alleged the WWE had created an "absolutely unsafe to work in that ring. They have no oversight into what actually happens in the ring, and they are encouraging steroid use."


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: In September 2015, the "Sports Legacy Institute" announced a rebrand and changed its name to the Concussion Legacy Foundation. The rebrand aimed to align the evolution of the organization's programs with its name.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Nowinski served as co-director at the CTE Center of BUSM, where he worked closely with Ann McKee, M.D., and other center experts, until 2013. Initially, he worked as a liaison making contact with athletes and families of deceased athletes, to further case studies that examine brain tissues impacted by CTE. As of 2020 he serves as the Outreach, Recruitment, Education, and Public Policy Leader.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: "Hockey News" listed Nowinski on its 2011 edition of the 100 Most Powerful people in ice hockey as one of the Top 40 under the age of 40. This recognition was attributed to his ability in getting hockey players to donate brain tissue after death.


title: Christopher Nowinski

text: Vice called Nowinski "the man most responsible for making CTE part of the national conversation" and in 2010 Sports Illustrated said "It is Nowinski's figure which looms behind the doctors and the headlines and the debate roiling over sports' newfound commitment to minimizing head trauma."


title: Data Matrix

text: A Data Matrix is a two-dimensional code consisting of black and white "cells" or dots arranged in either a square or rectangular pattern, also known as a matrix. The information to be encoded can be text or numeric data. Usual data size is from a few bytes up to 1556 bytes. The length of the encoded data depends on the number of cells in the matrix. Error correction codes are often used to increase reliability: even if one or more cells are damaged so it is unreadable, the message can still be read. A Data Matrix symbol can store up to 2,335 alphanumeric characters.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix symbols are rectangular, usually square in shape and composed of square "cells" which represent bits. Depending on the coding used, a "light" cell represents a 0 and a "dark" cell is a 1, or vice versa. Every Data Matrix is composed of two solid adjacent borders in an "L" shape (called the "finder pattern") and two other borders consisting of alternating dark and light "cells" or modules (called the "timing pattern"). Within these borders are rows and columns of cells encoding information. The finder pattern is used to locate and orient the symbol while the timing pattern provides a count of the number of rows and columns in the symbol. As more data is encoded in the symbol, the number of cells (rows and columns) increases. Each code is unique. Symbol sizes vary from 10×10 to 144×144 in the new version ECC 200, and from 9×9 to 49×49 in the old version ECC 000 – 140.


title: Data Matrix

text: The most popular application for Data Matrix is marking small items, due to the code's ability to encode fifty characters in a symbol that is readable at and the fact that the code can be read with only a 20% contrast ratio.


title: Data Matrix

text: A Data Matrix is scalable; commercial applications exist with images as small as (laser etched on a silicon device) and as large as a 1 metre (3 ft) square (painted on the roof of a boxcar). Fidelity of the marking and reading systems are the only limitation.


title: Data Matrix

text: The US Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) recommends using Data Matrix for labeling small electronic components.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix codes are becoming common on printed media such as labels and letters. The code can be read quickly by a barcode reader which allows the media to be tracked, for example when a parcel has been dispatched to the recipient.


title: Data Matrix

text: For industrial engineering purposes, Data Matrix codes can be marked directly onto components, ensuring that only the intended component is identified with the data-matrix-encoded data. The codes can be marked onto components with various methods, but within the aerospace industry these are commonly industrial ink-jet, dot-peen marking, laser marking, and electrolytic chemical etching (ECE). These methods give a permanent mark which can last up to the lifetime of the component.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix codes are usually verified using specialist camera equipment and software. This verification ensures the code conforms to the relevant standards, and ensures readability for the lifetime of the component. After component enters service, the Data Matrix code can then be read by a reader camera, which decodes the Data Matrix data which can then be used for a number of purposes, such as movement tracking or inventory stock checks.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix codes, along with other open-source codes such as 1D barcodes can also be read with mobile phones by downloading code specific mobile applications. Although many mobile devices are able to read 2D codes including Data Matrix Code, few extend the decoding to enable mobile access and interaction, whereupon the codes can be used securely and across media; for example, in track and trace, anti-counterfeit, e.govt, and banking solutions.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix codes are used in the food industry in autocoding systems to prevent food products being packaged and dated incorrectly. Codes are maintained internally on a food manufacturers database and associated with each unique product, e.g. ingredient variations. For each product run the unique code is supplied to the printer. Label artwork is required to allow the 2D Data Matrix to be positioned for optimal scanning. For black on white codes testing isn't required unless print quality is an issue, but all color variations need to be tested before production to ensure they are readable.


title: Data Matrix

text: In May 2006 a German computer programmer, Bernd Hopfengärtner, created a large Data Matrix in a wheat field (in a fashion similar to crop circles). The message read "Hello, World!". In June 2011 the Parisian tattoo artist K.A.R.L., as part of a promotion for Ballantine's scotch whisky, created the world's first animated tattoo utilizing a Data Matrix code in a collaborative process streamed live on Facebook.


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix symbols are made up of modules arranged within a perimeter finder and timing pattern. It can encode up to 3,116 characters from the entire ASCII character set (with extensions). The symbol consists of data regions which contain modules set out in a regular array. Large symbols contain several regions. Each data region is delimited by a finder pattern, and this is surrounded on all four sides by a quiet zone border (margin). (Note: The modules may be round or square- no specific shape is defined in the standard. For example, dot-peened cells are generally round.)


title: Data Matrix

text: ECC 200, the newer version of Data Matrix, uses Reed–Solomon codes for error and erasure recovery. ECC 200 allows the routine reconstruction of the entire encoded data string when the symbol has sustained 30% damage, assuming the matrix can still be accurately located. Data Matrix has an error rate of less than 1 in 10 million characters scanned.


title: Data Matrix

text: Symbols have an even number of rows and an even number of columns. Most of the symbols are square with sizes from 10 × 10 to 144 × 144. Some symbols however are rectangular with sizes from 8×18 to 16×48 (even values only). All symbols using the ECC 200 error correction can be recognized by the upper-right corner module being the same as the background color. (binary 0).


title: Data Matrix

text: Older versions of Data Matrix include ECC 000, ECC 050, ECC 080, ECC 100, ECC 140. Instead of using Reed–Solomon codes like ECC 200, ECC 000–140 use a convolution-based error correction. Each varies in the amount of error correction it offers, with ECC 000 offering none, and ECC 140 offering the greatest. For error detection at decode time, even in the case of ECC 000, each of these versions also encode a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the bit pattern. As an added measure, the placement of each bit in the code is determined by bit-placement tables included in the specification. These older versions always have an odd number of modules, and can be made in sizes ranging from 9 × 9 to 49 × 49. All symbols utilizing the ECC 000 through 140 error correction can be recognized by the upper-right corner module being the inverse of the background color. (binary 1).


title: Data Matrix

text: According to ISO/IEC 16022, "ECC 000–140 should only be used in closed applications where a single party controls both the production and reading of the symbols and is responsible for overall system performance."


title: Data Matrix

text: Data Matrix was invented by International Data Matrix, Inc. (ID Matrix) which was merged into RVSI/Acuity CiMatrix, who were acquired by Siemens AG in October 2005 and Microscan Systems in September 2008. Data Matrix is covered today by several ISO/IEC standards and is in the public domain for many applications, which means it can be used free of any licensing or royalties.


title: Data Matrix

text: The encoding process is described in the ISO/IEC standard 16022:2006. Open-source software for encoding and decoding the ECC-200 variant of Data Matrix has been published.


title: Data Matrix

text: The diagrams below illustrate the placement of the message data within a Data Matrix symbol. The message is "Wikipedia", and it is arranged in a somewhat complicated diagonal pattern starting near the upper-left corner. Some characters are split in two pieces, such as the initial W, and the third 'i' is in "corner pattern 2" rather than the usual L-shaped arrangement. Also shown are the end-of-message code (marked End), the padding (P) and error correction (E) bytes, and four modules of unused space (X).


title: Data Matrix

text: Multiple encoding modes are used to store different kinds of messages. The default mode stores one ASCII character per 8-bit codeword. Control codes are provided to switch between modes, as shown below.


title: Data Matrix

text: The C40, Text and X12 modes are potentially more compact for storing text messages. They are similar to DEC Radix-50, using character codes in the range 0–39, and three of these codes are combined to make a number up to 40=64000, which is packed into two bytes (maximum value 65536) as follows:


title: Data Matrix

text: The resulting value of B1 is in the range 0–250. The special value 254 is used to return to ASCII encoding mode.


title: Data Matrix

text: Character code interpretations are shown in the table below. The C40 and Text modes have four separate sets. Set 0 is the default, and contains codes that temporarily select a different set for the next character. The only difference is that they reverse upper-and lower-case letters. C40 is primarily upper-case, with lower-case letters in set 3; Text is the other way around. Set 1, containing ASCII control codes, and set 2, containing punctuation symbols are identical in C40 and Text mode.


title: Data Matrix

text: EDIFACT mode uses six bits per character, with four characters packed into three bytes. It can store digits, upper-case letters, and many punctuation marks, but has no support for lower-case letters.


title: Data Matrix

text: Base 256 mode data starts with a length indicator, followed by a number of data bytes. A length of 1 to 249 is encoded as a single byte,


title: Data Matrix

text: It is desirable to avoid long strings of zeros in the coded message, because they become large blank areas in the Data Matrix symbol, which may


title: Data Matrix

text: cause a scanner to lose synchronization. (The default ASCII encoding does not use zero for this reason.) In order to make that less likely, the


title: Data Matrix

text: length and data bytes are obscured by adding a pseudorandom value R(n), where n is the position in the byte stream.


title: Data Matrix

text: Prior to the expiration of in November 2007, intellectual property company Acacia Technologies claimed that Data Matrix was partially covered by its contents. As the patent owner, Acacia allegedly contacted Data Matrix users demanding license fees related to the patent.


title: Data Matrix

text: Cognex Corporation, a large manufacturer of 2D barcode devices, filed a declaratory judgment complaint on 13 March 2006 after receiving information that Acacia had contacted its customers demanding licensing fees. On 19 May 2008 Judge Joan N. Ericksen of the U.S. District Court in Minnesota ruled in favor of Cognex. The ruling held that the '524 patent, which claimed to cover a system for capturing and reading 2D symbology codes, is both invalid and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct by the defendants during the procurement of the patent.


title: Data Matrix

text: While the ruling was delivered after the patent expired, it precluded claims for infringement based on use of Data Matrix prior to November 2007.


title: Data Matrix

text: A German patent application DE 4107020 was filed in 1991, and published in 1992. This patent is not cited in the above US patent applications and might invalidate them.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Argentine Army () is the land force branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic and the senior military service of Argentina. Under the Argentine Constitution, the president of Argentina is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, exercising his or her command authority through the Minister of Defense.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Army's official foundation date is May 29, 1810 (celebrated in Argentina as the "Army Day"), four days after the Spanish colonial administration in Buenos Aires was overthrown. The new national army was formed out of several pre-existing colonial militia units and locally manned regiments; most notably the Infantry Regiment "Patricios", which to this date is still an active unit.


title: Argentine Army

text: Several armed expeditions were sent to the Upper Peru (now Bolivia), Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile to fight Spanish forces and secure Argentina's newly gained independence. The most famous of these expeditions was the one led by General José de San Martín, who led a 5000-man army across the Andes Mountains to expel the Spaniards from Chile and later from Perú. While the other expeditions failed in their goal of bringing all the dependencies of the former Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata under the new government in Buenos Aires, they prevented the Spaniards from crushing the rebellion.


title: Argentine Army

text: During the civil wars of the first half of the nineteenth century, the Argentine Army became fractionalized under the leadership of the so-called "caudillos" ("leaders" or "warlords"), provincial leaders who waged a war against the centralist Buenos Aires administration. However, the Army was briefly re-unified during the war with the Brazilian Empire. (1824–1827).


title: Argentine Army

text: It was only with the establishment of a constitution (which explicitly forbade the provinces from maintaining military forces of their own) and a national government recognized by all the provinces that the Army became a single force, absorbing the older provincial militias. The Army went on to fight the War of the Triple Alliance in the 1860s together with Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay. After that war, the Army became involved in Argentina's "Conquista del Desierto" ("Conquest of the Desert"): the campaign to occupy Patagonia and root out the natives, who conducted looting raids throughout the country.


title: Argentine Army

text: Between 1880 and 1930, the Army sought to become a professional force without active involvement in politics, even though many a political figure -President Julio Argentino Roca, for example- benefitted from a past military career. The Army prevented the fall of the government in a number of Radical-led uprisings. Meanwhile, the military in general and the Army, in particular, contributed to develop Argentina's unsettled southern frontier and its nascent industrial complex.


title: Argentine Army

text: The main foreign influence during this period was, by and large, the Prussian (and then German) doctrine. Partly because of that, during both World Wars most of the officers supported the Germans, more or less openly, while the Argentine Navy favored the British instead.


title: Argentine Army

text: In 1930, a small group of Army forces (not more than 600 troops) deposed President Hipólito Yrigoyen without much response from the rest of the Army and the Navy. This was the beginning of a long history of political intervention by the military. Another coup, in 1943, was responsible for bringing an obscure colonel into the political limelight: Juan Perón.


title: Argentine Army

text: Even though Perón had the support of the military during his two consecutive terms of office (1946–1952 and 1952–1955), his increasingly repressive government alienated many officers, which finally led to a military uprising which overthrew him in September 1955. Between 1955 and 1973 the Army and the rest of the military became vigilant over the possible re-emergence of Peronism in the political arena, which led to two new coups against elected Presidents in 1962 (deposing Arturo Frondizi) and 1966 (ousting Arturo Illia). Political infighting eroded discipline and cohesion within the army, to the extent that there was armed fighting between contending military units during the early 1960s.


title: Argentine Army

text: The military government ruled Argentina between 1966 and 1973. During that decade the saw the rise of several terrorist groups including Montoneros and the ERP. During Héctor Cámpora's first months of government, a rather moderate and left-wing Peronist, approximatively 600 social conflicts, strikes and factory occupations took place. Following the June 20, 1973 Ezeiza massacre, left and right-wing Peronism broke apart, and the Triple A a far-right terrorist group founded by José López Rega, the right-hand man of Juan Peron and, later, Isabel Perón, started a campaign of terror and death against any perceived political rivals. Isabel Perón herself was ousted during the March 1976 coup by a military "junta".


title: Argentine Army

text: The new military government, self-named Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, initially tried to end the guerrilla's campaigns, but the nation rapidly descended into a state of civil unrest. Terrorist organisations and guerilla movements where often met with a mixture of state terror and general paranoia. The civilian population was now caught in a police state between a paranoid and brutal military dictatorship and violent dissident communist guerrillas. The PRN called this period the "Dirty War" — a term refused by jurists during the 1985 Trial of the Juntas. Batallón de Inteligencia 601 (the 601st Intelligence Battalion) became infamous during this period. It was a special military intelligence service set up in the late 1970s, active in the Dirty War and Operation Condor, and disbanded in 2000. Its personnel collected information on and infiltrated guerrilla groups and human rights organisations, and coordinated killings, kidnappings and other abuses. The unit also participated in the training of Nicaraguan Contras with US assistance, including from John Negroponte.


title: Argentine Army

text: Meanwhile, the Guevarist People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), led by Roberto Santucho and inspired by Che Guevara's foco theory, began a rural insurgency in the province of Tucumán, in the mountainous northwest of Argentina. It started the campaign with no more than 100 men and women of the Marxist ERP guerrilla force and ended with about 300 in the mountains (including reinforcements in the form of the elite Montoneros 65-strong "Compañía de Monte" ("Jungle Company") and the ERP's "Decididos de Córdoba" Urban Company), which the Argentine Army managed to defeat, but at a cost.


title: Argentine Army

text: On 5 January 1975, an Army DHC-6 transport plane was downed near the Monteros mountains, apparently shot down by the Guerrillas. All thirteen on board were killed. The military believe a heavy machine gun had downed the aircraft.


title: Argentine Army

text: In response, Ítalo Luder, President of the National Assembly who acted as interim President substituting himself to Isabel Perón who was ill for a short period, signed in February 1975 the secret presidential decree 261, which ordered the army to neutralize and/or annihilate the insurgency in Tucumán, the smallest province of Argentina. "Operativo Independencia" gave power to the Armed Forces to "execute all military operations necessary for the effects of neutralizing or annihilating the action of subversive elements acting in the Province of Tucumán." Santucho had declared a "liberated zone" in Tucuman and demanded Soviet-backed protection for its borders as well as proper treatment of captured guerrillas as POWs.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Argentine Army Fifth Brigade, then consisting of the 19th, 20th and 29th Mountain Infantry Regiments and commanded by Brigadier-General Acdel Vilas received the order to move to Famailla in the foothills of the Monteros mountains on 8 February 1975. While fighting the guerrillas in the jungle, Vilas concentrated on uprooting the ERP support network in the towns, using tactics later adopted nationwide, as well as a civic action campaign.


title: Argentine Army

text: By July 1975, anti-guerrilla commandos were mounting search-and-destroy missions in the mountains. Army special forces discovered Santucho's base camp in August, then raided the ERP urban headquarters in September. Most of the Compañia de Monte's general staff was killed in October and was dispersed by the end of the year.


title: Argentine Army

text: The leadership of the rural guerrilla force was mostly eradicated and many of the ERP guerrillas and civilian sympathizers in Tucumán were either killed or forcefully disappeared. Efforts to restrain the rural guerrilla activity to Tucumán, however, remained unsuccessful despite the use of 24 recently arrived US-made Bell UH-1H Huey troop-transport helicopters. In early October, the 5th Brigade suffered a major blow at the hands of the Montoneros, when more than one hundred, and possibly several hundred


title: Argentine Army

text: In the aftermath, twelve soldiers and two policemen were killed and several wounded. The sophistication of the operation, and the getaway cars and safehouses they used to escape from the crash-landing site, suggest several hundred guerrillas and their supporters were involved. The Argentine security forces admitted to 43 army troops killed in action in Tucuman, although this figure does not take into account police and Gendarmerie troops, and the soldiers who died defending their barracks in Formosa province on 5 October 1975. By December 1975, the Argentine military could, with some justification claim that it was winning the 'Dirty War', but it was dismayed to find no evidence of overall victory.


title: Argentine Army

text: On 23 December 1975, several hundred ERP fighters with the help of hundreds of underground supporters, staged an all-out battle with the 601st Arsenal Battalion from Buenos Aires and occupied four local police stations and a regimental headquarters. 63 guerrillas, seven army troops and three policemen were killed. In addition 20 civilians were killed in the crossfire. Many of the civilian deaths occurred when the guerrillas and supporting militants burned 15 city buses near the arsenal to hamper military reinforcements. This development was to have far-reaching ramifications. On 30 December 1975, urban guerrillas exploded a bomb inside the Army's headquarters in Buenos Aires, injuring at least six soldiers.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Montoneros movement successfully utilized divers in underwater infiltrations and blew the pier where the Argentine destroyer ARA Santísima Trinidad was being built, on 22 August 1975. The ship was effectively immobilized for several years.


title: Argentine Army

text: French journalist Marie-Monique Robin has found in the archives of the "Quai d'Orsay", the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, the original document proving that a 1959 agreement between Paris and Buenos Aires instaured a "permanent French military mission," formed of veterans who had fought in the Algerian War, and which was located in the offices of the chief of staff of the Argentine Army. She showed how Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's government secretly collaborated with Jorge Rafael Videla's junta in Argentina and with Augusto Pinochet's regime in Chile.


title: Argentine Army

text: Green deputies Noël Mamère, Martine Billard and Yves Cochet deposed on September 10, 2003, a request for the constitution of a Parliamentary Commission on the "role of France in the support of military regimes in Latin America from 1973 to 1984" before the Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly, presided by Edouard Balladur. Apart from "Le Monde", newspapers remained silent about this request. However, deputy Roland Blum, in charge of the commission, refused to hear Marie-Monique Robin, and published in December 2003 a 12 pages report qualified by Robin as the summum of bad faith. It claimed that no agreement had been signed, despite the agreement found by Robin in the "Quai d'Orsay"


title: Argentine Army

text: When Minister of Foreign Affairs Dominique de Villepin traveled to Chile in February 2004, he claimed that no cooperation between France and the military regimes had occurred.


title: Argentine Army

text: On 2 April 1982, the Argentine Army contributed forces to Operation Rosario, the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, and the occupation that followed. Army forces also opposed the amphibious landing in San Carlos Water on 21 May, and fought the British at Goose Green, Mount Kent, and the battles around Port Stanley that lead to the ceasefire of 14 June followed by the surrender of the Argentine troops.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Argentine Army suffered 194 men killed and 1,308 wounded and lost much equipment. The war left the army weakened in equipment, personal, moral and supremacy in the region. The Dirty War events, coupled with the defeat in the Falklands War, precipitated the fall of the military junta that ruled the country, then enters the General Reynaldo Bignone, who began the process of return to democracy in 1983.


title: Argentine Army

text: Since the return to civilian rule in 1983, the Argentine military have been reduced both in number and budget and, by law, cannot intervene anymore in internal civil conflicts. They became more professional, especially after conscription was abolished.


title: Argentine Army

text: In 1998, Argentina was granted Major non-NATO ally status by the United States. The modern Argentine Army is fully committed to international peacekeeping under United Nations mandates, humanitarian aid and emergencies relief.


title: Argentine Army

text: In 2010, the Army incorporated Chinese Norinco armored wheeled APCs to deploy with its peacekeeping forces.


title: Argentine Army

text: In 2016 President Mauricio Macri modified a decree made by the 1984 government of Raúl Alfonsín which had removed much of the military's autonomy.


title: Argentine Army

text: A major problem of today's Army is that most of its combat units are understrength in manpower due to budgetary limitations; the current Table of Organization and Equipment being established at a time during which the Army could rely on larger budgets and conscripted troops. Current plans call for the expansion of all combat units until all combat units are again full-strength, as soon as budget constraints allow for the induction of new volunteer service personnel of both genders.


title: Argentine Army

text: The Army is headed by a Chief of General Staff directly appointed by the President. The current Chief of the General Staff (since September 2008) is General Luis Alberto Pozzi. The General Staff of the Army ("Estado Mayor General del Ejército") includes the Chief of Staff, a Deputy Chief of the General Staff and the heads of the General Staff's six departments ("Jefaturas"). The current departments of the General Staff (known also by their Roman numerals) are:


title: Argentine Army

text: There are also a number of Commands and Directorates responsible for development and implementation of policies within the Army regarding technological and operational areas. They also handle administrative affairs. As of 2020, these include the following:


title: Argentine Army

text: In the 1960s, the Army was reorganised into five Army Corps. This structure replaced the old structure based on divisions following the French model. There was a further reorganisation in 1991, when brigades were assigned to six new divisions, two stationed at Santa Cruz and Mendoza.


title: Argentine Army

text: Until late 2010, the First, Second and Third Army Divisions were designated as the Second, Third and Fifth Army Corps ("Cuerpos de Ejército") respectively, without any intermediate division-level commands. These redesignations took place as part of a major reorganization of the Armed Forces' administrative and command structure. Two additional Army Corps, the First and Fourth, had already been dissolved in 1984 and 1991 respectively, with their dependent units reassigned to the remaining three Army Corps.


title: Argentine Army

text: As of 2011, army forces are geographically grouped into three Army Divisions ("Divisiones de Ejército"), each roughly equivalent in terms of nominal organization to a U.S. Army division (+). Each Army Division has an area of responsibility over a specific region of the country; First Army Division covers the northeast of the country, Second Army Division covers the center and northwest of Argentina and Third Army Division covers the south and Patagonia. In addition to the three Army Divisions, the Rapid Deployment Force ("Fuerza de Despliegue Rápido", FDR) forms an additional fourth divisional-level formation, while the Buenos Aires Military Garrison operates independently from any division-sized command.


title: Argentine Army

text: There are also several separate groups, including an anti-aircraft group and the Argentine Army Aviation group.


title: Argentine Army

text: Note: The 7th Infantry Brigade was dissolved in early 1985, while the 3rd Infantry Brigade was converted into a motorized training formation, which was ultimately dissolved in 2003.


title: Argentine Army

text: Depending on its type, each brigade includes two to five Cavalry or Infantry Regiments, one or two Artillery Groups, a scout cavalry squadron, one battalion or company-sized engineer unit, one intelligence company, one communications company, one command company and a battalion-sized logistical support unit. The terms "regiment" and "group", found in the official designations of cavalry, infantry and artillery units, are used due to historical reasons. During the Argentine War of Independence, the Argentine Army fielded traditional regiment-sized units. 'Regiments' are more accurately described as battalions; similar-sized units that do not belong to the above-mentioned services are referred to as "battalions". In addition to their service, Regiments and Groups are also specialized according to their area of operations (Mountain Infantry, Jungle Infantry, Mountain Cavalry), their equipment (Tank Cavalry, Light Cavalry, Mechanized Infantry) or their special training (Paratroopers, Commandos, Air Assault, Mountain Cazadores or Jungle Cazadores). Regiments are made up by four maneuver sub-units (companies in infantry regiments and squadrons in cavalry regiments) and one command and support sub-unit for a total of 350 to 700 troops.


title: Argentine Army

text: In 2008, a Special Operations Forces Group was created comprising two Commando Companies, one Special Forces Company and one psychological operations company.


title: Argentine Army

text: Insignia for all ranks except volunteers is worn on shoulder boards. Ranks from colonel major onwards use red-trimmed shoulderboards and the suns denoting rank are gold-braid; the suns on other officers' shoulder boards are metallic. Generals also wear golden wreath leaves on their coat lapels.


title: Argentine Army

text: The rank insignia for volunteers 1st class, 2nd class and commissioned 2nd class is worn on the sleeves. Collar versions of the ranks are used in combat uniforms.


title: Argentine Army

text: The highest army rank in use is lieutenant-general. A higher army rank, captain-general, was awarded twice in the nineteenth century: to José de San Martín and to Bernardino Rivadavia. As a promotion to this rank is not foreseen, no insignia for the rank currently exists.


title: Argentine Army

text: The rank of "coronel mayor" (senior colonel) is an honorary distinction for colonels occupying general's positions (such as brigade commander), but who are not senior enough to be promoted.


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets are an English rock band formed in 2018 to perform the early music of Pink Floyd. The band comprises the Pink Floyd drummer and co-founder Nick Mason, the bassist Guy Pratt, the guitarists Gary Kemp and Lee Harris, and the keyboardist Dom Beken. As many fans had discovered Pink Floyd with their bestselling 1973 album "The" "Dark Side of the Moon", Mason wanted to bring their earlier material to a wider audience.


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: The band made their debut in May 2018 at Dingwalls, London, before embarking on a European tour in September 2018 and a North American tour in 2019. A 2020 European tour was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020, the band released a live album and film, "Live at the Roundhouse."


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: Pink Floyd, one of the most commercially successful and influential rock bands of all time, were formed in London in 1965 by Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals). Barrett left in 1968, and was replaced by David Gilmour; Waters left in 1985 and Wright died in 2008.


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: While Gilmour and Waters continue to perform Pink Floyd material in their solo shows, Mason worked on Pink Floyd reissues and compilations. After assisting with "", a 2017 museum exhibition about Pink Floyd, Mason said: "You end up feeling like you belong to English Heritage. Everything you talk about and do is something that happened forty years ago. It was actually beginning to make me feel a bit old."


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: In 2018, the guitarist Lee Harris, formerly of the Blockheads, approached the bassist and Pink Floyd collaborator Guy Pratt about Mason forming a band to perform Pink Floyd's early psychedelic material, recorded while Barrett was the bandleader. The new band was joined by the vocalist and guitarist Gary Kemp of Spandau Ballet and the keyboardist Dom Beken, a collaborator of Wright. Pratt and Beken previously worked together in the electronic band Transit Kings. Mason stressed that Kemp was not "taking the place" of Barrett, but that "it was to do with who had the enthusiasm for it, and Gary did". According to Mason, in early rehearsals, "The interesting thing was that it all sort of began to sound good straight away. That was mainly, I think, driven by their enthusiasm."


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: As many fans had discovered Pink Floyd with their bestselling 1973 album "The" "Dark Side of the Moon", Mason wanted to bring their earlier material to a wider audience"." He said he did not want to perform as a tribute act similar to the Australian Pink Floyd Show or perform shows similar to those by Waters and Gilmour; the band wanted to "capture the spirit" of the music rather than recreate it. They received the blessings of Gilmour and Waters. The band takes its name from the second Pink Floyd album, "A Saucerful of Secrets" (1968)"."


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets made their debut at a sold-out test show at Dingwalls, a 500-seat club in London, in May 2018. This was followed by three small shows at the Half Moon, Putney, a European tour in September 2018, and a North American tour in 2019. On 18 April 2019, Waters surprised the audience at the New York Beacon Theatre by joining the band to sing "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun". A 2020 European tour was postponed to April 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A second North American tour was postponed from January 2022 to September.


title: Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets

text: In September 2020, the band released a live album and film, "Live at the Roundhouse." A single featuring "See Emily Play" and "Vegetable Man" was released for Record Store Day.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Big Brother Canada is a Canadian television reality game show based on the Dutch reality show of the same name, which is part of the wider "Big Brother" franchise. The first season of the series premiered on February 27, 2013, on Slice. Starting with the third season, the show is aired on Global. The series is produced by Endemol and Insight Productions. It is hosted by Arisa Cox, who is concurrently an executive producer starting from the ninth season.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: The show follows the premise originated by the American version of the show, in which a group of contestants, known as "HouseGuests", live together in a specially constructed house that is isolated from the outside world as they compete for a $100,000 cash prize, as well as additional prizes from the show's sponsors. The HouseGuests are continuously monitored during their stay in the house by live television cameras as well as personal audio microphones.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: A live feed into the house is available for viewers to watch for free through the show's website. "Big Brother Canada" is the first incarnation of the series to adopt the format used in the United States, which greatly differs from others. The rules of the series have also been altered throughout each season through "twists" added to the game.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: The series was put on hiatus following the conclusion of the fifth season, but fan support saw the series renewed for a sixth season. The tenth season premiered on March 2, 2022.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Since it first premiered, "Big Brother Canada" has aired more than 200 episodes and has featured 147 HouseGuests.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: The "Big Brother" franchise was first seen in Canada in 2000, after Global acquired the rights to air the United States edition from CBS. The series has also been broadcast on former sister network, CH. A French-Canadian version of "Loft Story", the France-produced version of the series, premiered in 2003. The show was succeeded by an official Quebec-produced edition of "Big Brother" in 2010, which aired for one season.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Global's then-parent company, Shaw Media, announced on May 30, 2012, that an English adaptation of the series would launch in Canada on digital cable channel, Slice. The network later confirmed that live feeds from the "Big Brother" house would be available to Canadian viewers for free, unlike the subscription-based United States edition. "Big Brother Canada" was initially set to premiere on February 18, 2013; this was later pushed back to February 27. The show was greenlit for a second season following the ratings success of the first; a new house was built prior to the launch of the second season. It was confirmed after the conclusion of the second season that the show would be moving to Global.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Following the show's fifth season, it was announced by Global that the series had been placed on an indefinite hiatus for undisclosed reasons. The announcement led to backlash from fans of the series, who petitioned to bring the show back on air. Less than two months after the announcement, it was confirmed that the series would be returning for a sixth season in 2018 due to the large amount of fan support. Prior to the launch of the sixth season, a third House for the series was built with the same layout as the previous one. The seventh season of the series was confirmed by host Arisa Cox in June 2018. It premiered in March 2019.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Season 8 saw many series firsts for the Canadian franchise as two HouseGuests had to be removed due to a violation of house rules and production abruptly ended on March 24, 2020, due to the restrictions brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic, culminating in a season finale airing on April 1, 2020, with no winner being proclaimed.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: There are a number of rules imposed on the HouseGuests competing in the series. The participants are under constant audio and video surveillance, and are required to wear personal microphones at all time. Contestants have no access to phones, television, internet, magazines, newspaper, and are prohibited from contact with those not in the house. The Bible and other religious literature are the only books allowed in the house. Described as a "social experiment", the concept of the show forces people to live in a home with people who may share differing ideals, beliefs, or prejudices. The doors to the house remained locked at all times, though a HouseGuest is free to quit the game whenever they choose; however, once leaving the house, they are not permitted to re-enter. Should a contestant break the rules of the game, they could be expelled and immediately removed from the house. Unlike other versions of "Big Brother", the HouseGuests may discuss the nomination and eviction process openly and freely.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Each week the HouseGuests compete in several competitions in order to win power and safety inside the house, before voting off one of the HouseGuests on during the eviction. The main elements of the format are as follows:


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Upon reaching the middle point in the game, the evicted HouseGuests go on to become members of the "jury"; the jury is responsible for choosing who wins the series. The members of the jury are not shown any Diary Room interviews or any footage that may include strategy or details regarding nominations. The amount of HouseGuest involved in the Jury has varied slightly throughout the series but will typically involve the last 7 evicted HouseGuests. The final Head of Household competition is split into three parts; the winners of the first two rounds compete in the third and final round. Once only two HouseGuests remain, the members of the jury cast their votes for who should win the series.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: In total, there have been one hundred eighteen HouseGuests to compete in "Big Brother Canada". In addition to this, there have been seven potential HouseGuests that did not enter the house and eight HouseGuests that have competed in two seasons. Season one HouseGuests Jillian MacLaughlin and Emmett Blois went on to participate in the fourth season of "The Amazing Race Canada"; the duo came in second place. Blois later went on to enter the "Big Brother Mzansi" house in South Africa as a guest; he remained in house for a week, attempting to cause trouble among the contestants. Demetres Giannitsos and Dane Rupert hold the record for the most Head of Household wins in a single season with five, while Kevin Martin, Adam Pike and combined HouseGuests Nick & Phil Paquette hold the record for most Power of Veto wins in a single season with four. Giannitsos, Martin, Paquette brothers, Pike, and Rupert are all also tied for the most total competition wins in a single season, with seven each. Martin, alongside HouseGuests Ashleigh Wood, Kaela Grant and Rohan Kapoor are the only HouseGuests to win three consecutive Power of Veto competitions. Martin has also spent the most time in the house of any HouseGuest, with a total of 118 days. Season 9 winner Tychon Carter-Newman is the first black houseguest to win "Big Brother Canada", and the second (after "Celebrity Big Brother 2" winner Tamar Braxton) to win a season of "Big Brother" in North America.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Following the announcement of the series, it was confirmed that the spin-off series "Big Brother Canada: After Dark" would air alongside the show. Originating from the United States show of the same name, it provided a live look into the house and aired on Slice. The series began airing exclusively online following the fourth season. The "Big Brother Side Show" began airing alongside the second season of the show in 2014. Originally hosted by Cox alongside former HouseGuests Gary Levy and Peter Brown, the show featured interviews with the weekly evicted HouseGuest and aired immediately following the eviction episodes. It was confirmed in 2016 that Sarah Hanlon would replace Levy as co-host to the series. The show was cancelled in 2017 prior to the fifth season of "Big Brother Canada", and was replaced instead by a Facebook chat with Cox following each eviction episode.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: Since its premiere in 2013, "Big Brother Canada" has been met with a positive reaction from viewers. Calum Marsh with "National Post" called the show "one of the most thrilling things on television" following the conclusion of the sixth season. The show was a ratings success during its run on Slice, with the first three episodes of the season causing a 24% increase in Slice's viewership. The show averaged 2.7 million viewers per week, at one point reaching a peak of 4.2 million in one week. The second season reached more than 6.4 million viewers during its run, becoming the number one specialty reality program of the year in key demographics. It was reported that the show's official website was visited more than 46 million times during the season. The show's seventh season saw the highest overall average for the series in terms of ratings, while season two was the least viewed season.


title: Big Brother Canada

text: The show has been compared positively to the United States edition of the series on which it is based, with several fans and publications citing it as the superior series. The sophomore season was ranked as the fourth best North American season by BuzzFeed in 2018, with the fifth season coming in seventh place. Producer Trevor Boris has been praised for his role in the series, including producing the challenges and voicing the recurring character Marsha the Moose. He later went on to work on adaptions of the show in the United States and the United Kingdom. The series has received criticism for issues such as blocking the live feeds from viewers for long periods of time and for being seemingly "over-produced". Since it debuted, "Big Brother Canada" has been nominated for a total of fourteen Canadian Screen Awards, winning Best Production Design or Art Design in a Non-Fiction Program or Series at the 2015 ceremony. It has also been nominated for two Canadian Cinema Editors Awards, once in 2016 and once in 2017.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Gabbi Alon Tuft (born November 1, 1978) is an American retired professional wrestler. Tuft is best known for her time with WWE under the ring name Tyler Reks. Tuft also competed in WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), where she won the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship once and the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship twice, once with Joe Hennig and once with Johnny Curtis.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Since retiring from professional wrestling in 2014, Tuft works in marketing. She also launched a fitness website with several other wrestlers. Assigned male at birth, Gabbi Tuft publicly came out as a trans woman in February 2021.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Tuft was born on November 1, 1978, in San Francisco, California. Tuft attended the Santa Rosa Junior College in Santa Rosa, California, from 1996–1999 and then transferred to the California Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly–SLO) in 2000. There she completed her coursework and obtained a degree in civil engineering with a major in hydrology and structural engineering. After graduating, Tuft secured a job as an assistant engineer at PBS&J in Encinitas, California. She was staffed at the City of Dana Point as an extension of staff and was in charge of the Public Works Permitting Department.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Tuft was trained by Mike Bell. She made her professional debut in February 2007 for Ultimate Pro Wrestling.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Tuft was signed to a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment in January 2008 and was assigned to the Florida Championship Wrestling territory as Tyler Reks. She made her FCW debut on February 5, 2008, with Johnny Curtis in a losing effort against Eric Pérez and Eddie Colon.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: A few days later on February 12 she made her singles FCW debut in a losing effort once again against "The South City Thriller" Hade Vansen. She participated in a FCW Florida Heavyweight Title Battle Royal which was won by Jake Hager. She also took part in the FCW Florida Tag Team Title Tournament with Rycklon. During this tournament she had her first victory at FCW defeating Ted DiBiase Jr. and Afa, Jr. in the first round, however the pair subsequently lost to Eddie Colon and Eric Perez in the quarter finals. Tuft then had two chances at the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship against the current champion Jake Hager; first in a one on one match and then in a triple threat match along with Johnny Curtis. On the August 28 she participated in an FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship No. 1 Contendership Fatal Four Way along with Johnny Curtis, Tyrone Evans, and Sheamus O'Shaunessy, who went on to win the match. Tuft then went on to have another two FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship shots against Sheamus O'Shaunessy and lost both times. On December 11, 2008, Reks and Johnny Curtis defeated The New Hart Foundation (DH Smith and TJ Wilson) to win the Florida Tag Team Championship in Tampa, Florida. After numerous defenses and 139 days of holding the titles, they lost them to Caylen Croft and Trent Barreta. Tuft won FCW Florida Heavyweight Title No. 1 Contendership match and on June 11, 2009, she captured the Florida Heavyweight Championship by defeating Drew McIntyre. She later lost the title to Heath Slater at the FCW television tapings on August 13. She later lost to Slater again during her rematch for the title. She lost to Joe Hennig in a FCW Florida Heavyweight Title No. 1 Contendership match and lost a FCW Florida Heavyweight Title No. 1 Contendership battle royal. She and Leo Kruger had a FCW Florida Tag Team Title match against Epico but lost.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Reks made her main roster debut on "ECW on Sci Fi" on the June 30, 2009 episode, with a surfer in-ring persona, in a backstage promo with Zack Ryder. Reks had suffered a knee injury just prior to her debut, but was able to work through it and made her in-ring debut on the July 2, 2009, episode of "WWE Superstars", losing to Ryder. On the July 21 episode of "ECW", Reks gained her first win after defeating Paul Burchill, and then beat him again the following week. Reks participated in a 10-man battle royal on the September 15 edition of "ECW" for an ECW Championship opportunity against Christian, but the match would go on to be won by Zack Ryder. Tuft would begin a brief hiatus from television starting in November 2009 and began mainly working dark matches and house shows for both SmackDown and Raw and FCW matches. Reks was one of the participants in the 26-man pre-show battle royal at WrestleMania XXVI.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: In April 2010, Reks joined the SmackDown roster following ECW's closure. After months of only working dark matches, Reks made her "SmackDown" television debut as a heel on the October 15 edition of the program while sporting a beard, chest hair, and new attire in addition to never referencing to her time on ECW. After a promo, she challenged and defeated Kaval in a match for the latter's spot in the SmackDown Bragging Rights team. On the Raw before Bragging Rights, she participated in a SmackDown vs. RAW 30 Man Tag Team Battle Royal, in which Smackdown was victorious. At Bragging Rights, Reks was able to eliminate Santino Marella before being eliminated by Sheamus. However, Team SmackDown was successful in winning the Bragging Rights Cup for the second consecutive time, which would end up being Reks' most significant accomplishment in her WWE career. After this, Reks was placed on Alberto Del Rio's Survivor Series team at the event. On the SmackDown before Survivor Series 2010 she competed in a Ten Man Tag Team Battle Royal but her team lost. At Survivor Series 2010 she was eliminated by Kofi Kingston as Team Del Rio went on to lose the match to Team Mysterio. Reks was then moved into a feud with Chris Masters, defeating him once on "SmackDown" and twice on "Superstars".


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: On January 30, 2011, Reks made her Royal Rumble debut at the namesake event as she entered the Royal Rumble match as the sixteenth entrant, but was eliminated from the match in only 34 seconds by CM Punk and the New Nexus. Reks was involved in another dark battle royal at Wrestlemania 27. Reks participated in a battle royal to determine the #1 contender for the World Heavyweight Championship. Her last in-ring television performance for five months would be beating JTG on "Superstars".


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: On April 26, Reks was drafted to the Raw brand as part of the 2011 Supplemental Draft. After wrestling dark matches for a few months, Reks made her "Raw" debut in a backstage segment with Curt Hawkins, Wade Barrett, and Alberto Del Rio. On the September 8 edition of "Superstars", Reks made her in-ring return as she teamed with Hawkins to defeat Titus O'Neil and Percy Watson. Hawkins and Reks then began appearing on the fifth season of NXT, by attacking the Usos from behind on the September 27th episode of "NXT". Over the next two weeks on "NXT", Hawkins and Reks faced the Usos in tag team matches, with Hawkins and Reks winning the first match and the Usos winning the second match. Reks made her singles return on October 16 losing to Yoshi Tatsu. Reks participated in a World Heavyweight Championship number 1 contender 41 man battle royal and the "All I Want For Christmas Battle Royal" and was eliminated in both. Hawkins and Reks would lose to The Usos once again on December 6. Reks and Hawkins would then lose a non-title match to the tag team champions Air Boom on the December 22 episode of "Superstars". Hawkins and Reks engaged in a feud with the duo of Trent Barreta and Yoshi Tatsu beginning in December of 2011. Both teams would play pranks on each other, with Tatsu being locked in a closet and Reks' hands being superglued onto an Xbox controller. The feud ended when Hawkins and Reks defeated Barreta and Tatsu on the January 18, 2012 episode of "NXT".


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Hawkins and Reks would then settle into the role of NXT's troublemakers, tormenting NXT host Matt Striker on his lackluster career and how they should be main-eventing NXT, even once going to the extent of assaulting him after a match. They forced Striker to appoint William Regal as NXT's prime authority figure on the February 29 episode of "NXT". Regal would employ harsh measures to keep Hawkins and Reks in line, including threatening suspensions for bad behaviour and condemning them to janitorial duty, this caused them much frustration. On the March 21 episode of "NXT Redemption", Striker was knocked out with chloroform by Johnny Curtis and Maxine, and then Striker was kidnapped (kayfabe) by unknown persons, later revealed to be Hawkins and Reks, who intended to blackmail Maxine into using her charms to get Regal to leave them alone. Unfortunately for Hawkins and Reks, Striker was rescued by Derrick Bateman and Kaitlyn. On the April 18 episode of "NXT", the freed Striker confronted Hawkins and Reks about the kidnapping, and Hawkins admitted the crime. As punishment, Regal put Hawkins and Reks in a match against each other with Striker as referee and the loser of the match would be fired. Even though Reks won to supposedly save her job at the expense of Hawkins', Regal decided to fire Reks as well, sending the two troublemakers away from NXT.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: However, Regal could not keep the duo away from NXT for long, as they managed to convince villainous higher authority figure John Laurinaitis to rehire them as NXT's security team on the May 9 episode of "NXT". Hawkins and Reks would then continue to play the role of Laurinaitis' lackeys, confiscating anti-Laurinaitis signs at Over the Limit and attacking John Cena on the May 21 episode of "Raw". Hawkins and Reks' association with Laurinaitis ended after Laurinaitis lost his job at No Way Out. On the final episode of the fifth season of "NXT" on June 13, Hawkins and Reks defeated Percy Watson and Derrick Bateman.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Hawkins and Reks would then engage in a one-sided feud with Ryback in July 2012. After both Hawkins and Reks lost singles matches to Ryback on "SmackDown", Ryback defeated both of them in a handicap match at Money in the Bank. At "Raw 1000", Hawkins and Reks, along with Jinder Mahal, Drew McIntyre, Hunico, and Camacho, attempted to ambush Kane to make a statement, but a returning The Undertaker interrupted the attack and the Brothers of Destruction disposed of Hawkins and Reks. The duo would once again lose to Ryback on the August 6 episode of "Raw".


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: After being told by SmackDown general manager Booker T to "step it up", Hawkins and Reks debuted a stripper gimmick on the August 17 episode of "SmackDown" while squashing a jobber tag team. A week later, Reks asked for her release as she intended to retire from wrestling to spend more time with her family; she and WWE parted ways on August 21, thus ending the team.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Reuniting with Curt Hawkins, the pair tagged together as part of Pro Wrestling Syndicate picking up a win in September against Kevin Matthews and Lance Hoyt.