title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: In Latin America, in the 1500s, when the archbishop of Santo Domingo and fifth bishop of Puerto Rico, Nicolás Ramos, recorded his recollections of ‘black brujos [male and female] who engaged with the devil in the shape of a goat and, every night in front of this goat, cursed God, Santa María, and the sacraments of the Holy Church.’’ Ramos wrote, ‘‘[A]sserting that they did not have nor believe in a god other than that devil...they performed these rituals in some fields [apparently they were in a trance] ...not in dreams since there were some people who saw them.’’ These people, Ramos continues, ‘‘tried to make them [the sorcerers] refrain from their doings through chanting and holy gifts [ dádivas ], and with all this [information they] came to me.’” This perpetual demonization of elements of African worship set up the forefront to the centuries of demonization of Brujería practices.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: From the sixteenth to the subsequent eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, slaves were shipped from Africa to Puerto Rico and Hispaniola and were forced to convert to Christianity by the imposing church and the overseeing "hacendados—"land owners. Branded slaves were baptized to be fully recognized as the property of hacendados.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: In the late 1800s to early 1900s during the early days of American occupation within Cuba, there were established attacks to undermine the legitimacy of several Afro-Cuban institutions and organizations— including Brujería.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: With the growth of a single Cuban identity came a greater appreciation for conformity and deviation from “creolised manifestations”. However, the declination of faith-based practices in Cuba due to the rise in Marxism from 1959 to the 1990s lead to practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions to have to find innovative ways to survive Castro’s political informants that particularly called for the suppression of witchcraft and Brujería.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: The introduction of Spiritism in the twentieth century attracted more participants of all racial backgrounds. It also added new foundations of practice and ritualistic objects such as: santiguos (healing blessings), 19 despojos (spiritual cleansings), prayers, and spells; and an array of indigenous, medieval Catholic, and African offerings.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: The brujas inherited traits from Catholicism, and yet the Catholic Church had deemed them as evil and demonized them. In some places, their demonization has come to an end on this scale, and they are left as they are, but in others, brujas are forced to not practice their form of magic. That being said, with the increasing rate of persecution amongst practitioners since the colonization of the Afro-Latino Caribbean, Brujería has been forced into modernization to combat erasure.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: As separatist ideals begin to gain more momentum, particularly in Puerto Rico, there becomes more clings to cultural nationalism— including clings to aspects of Afro-Boricua and Taíno folklore. Previously (1950s–1960s), journalists in the island denounced Brujería as a way to help “educate the masses”. However, the shift in cultural nationalism from the 1980s onwards now leads to media outlets uncovering “hidden traditions” of the “endangered Puerto Rican Hispanic, Taíno, and African traditions”


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: Romberg argues the practice of modern-day Brujería as "the vernacular co-optation of discourses of interest and passions, of consumerism and spirituality, commodity fetishism and morality, and welfare capitalism and magic". And also reveals that despite misconceptions, Brujería builds to social order through both “holistic or individualized types of intervention” and endorsement of positive “mainstream social values”.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: Brujería doesn't participate in community, hierarchical, or initiation-based practice or membership. Rituals are interdependent on the procedures, practices, and attitudes passed down by its participants and heavily depend on forces of nature and the spontaneity of the spirits. Following specific guidelines and doctrines in Brujería is possible .


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: However, some commonalities include basic ritual gestures, communication during divination, possession, and specific components of altars. These similarities are often referred to as “a kind of spiritual lingua franca” which explains the ubiquity of the practice cross the Afro-Latino and Non-Afro-Latino diaspora.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: In practice, brujos stress to not believe in the ritualistic objects or hold too much pertinence in the material representations of the spiritual entities, but rather focus on the messages and “powers of the entities that inhabit these icons” that are also used to summon ancient demons.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: Power is sensed and manifested when the voices of Spiritist entities, Santería orishas, and the recently deceased are brought on by “Brujería rituals, divination, trance and the making of magic works”. The spirits' abstract means of revelation include through emotions, through senses, and through healings as a means to transform the “emotional, proprioceptive and (to some extent) physiological states of participants”


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: Whereas a lot of focus within the practice of Brujería is on the technological systems, Brujería focuses mostly on interpersonal client-patient power that “emerges during healing, divination and magic rituals challenges the assumed precondition”; specifically in regards to health, labor, family relations, and even career management.


title: Witchcraft in Latin America

text: Brujos and practitioners of Brujería never question the spirits. The performative methods of surrender training is the only lesson brujos aim to teach. The expectation is to have faith in the spirits and the spirits will theatrically reveal what is meant to be shown.


title: Paid time off

text: Paid time off, planned time off, or personal time off (PTO), is a policy in some employee handbooks that provides a bank of hours in which the employer pools sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows employees to use as the need or desire arises. This policy pertains mainly to the United States, where there are no federal legal requirements for a minimum number of paid vacation days (see also the list of statutory minimum employment leave by country). Instead, U.S. companies determine the amount of paid time off that will be allotted to employees, while keeping in mind the payoff in recruiting and retaining employees.


title: Paid time off

text: Generally, PTO hours cover everything from planned vacations to sick days, and are becoming more prevalent in the field of human resource management. Unlike more traditional leave plans, PTO plans don't distinguish employee absences from personal days, vacation days, or sick days. Upon employment, the company determines how many PTO hours will be allotted per year and a "rollover" policy. Some companies let PTO hours accumulate for only a year, and unused hours disappear at year-end. Some PTO plans may also accommodate unexpected or unforeseeable circumstances such as jury duty, military duty, and bereavement leave. PTO bank plans typically do not include short-term or long-term disability leave, workers compensation, family and medical leave, sabbatical, or community service leave.


title: Paid time off

text: It is unclear as to when PTO bank-type plans were first being utilized in the workforce. In a 2010 study conducted by WorldatWork, 44% of 387 companies surveyed said they started using PTO bank-type plans prior to year 2000.


title: Paid time off

text: An early instance of paid time off, in the late 19th century in Australia, was by Alfred Edments who gave every employee a fortnight's holiday on full pay, and when ill, Edments continued to pay their salaries.


title: Paid time off

text: A longitudinal study conducted by World at Work of over 1,000 organizations of different sizes concluded that over recent years, PTO plans have become more actively utilized by the general workforce. In 2002, about 71% of organizations were using traditional distinguished paid time off system, and about 28% were utilizing the PTO bank-type system. As of 2010, the use of the traditional paid time off system decreased to 54%, while the use of the PTO bank system increased to around 40% of all organizations.


title: Paid time off

text: Recent information may indicate that PTO bank-type plans are difficult to implement in very large organizations. In 2010, only 32% of organizations with 20,000+ employees had a PTO bank-type system. However, 51% of organizations with 10,000-19,999 employees had PTO bank-type plans. In organizations with less than 100 employees, 48% had PTO bank-type plans.


title: Paid time off

text: In the 2010 study performed by World at Work, industrial differences were also found. 97% of organizations in the Education industry use traditional paid time off plans with only 3% utilizing a PTO bank-type system. On the other hand, 80% of organizations in the Health-care and Social Assistance industry utilize PTO bank-type systems.


title: Paid time off

text: As of 2012, nearly one in five employees in the United States receive leave in the form of a PTO bank plan, but the contours of such policies are often little understood—especially outside of the human resources community.


title: Paid time off

text: Among employees with paid leave, lower-wage employees are less likely to have access to a PTO bank than a traditional paid vacation system. 51% of employees in the lowest average wage quartile have access to any vacation time, and only 9 percent of the lowest wage employees have access to a PTO bank. 89% of employees in the highest wage quartile have access to vacation time and 28% have access to a PTO bank.


title: Paid time off

text: There is also a difference in PTO among employment status. 9% of Part-time employees have access to a PTO bank, whereas about 23% of full-time employees do.


title: Paid time off

text: Paid time off usually increases with years of service to an organization. This provides a greater benefit for employees who have been with the organization longer.


title: Paid time off

text: "Roughly twelve states, including Washington DC currently have legislation in place for regulating paid sick leave. Nevada and Maine, which both passed laws in 2019, have the only policies saying that state-mandated PTO can be used for things other than illness."


title: Paid time off

text: Because there are no federal requirements in the United States, the states must each determine respective regulations for paid time off in the state labor law. Because of this, employers not only need to be aware, but also need to establish and follow a formal written policy for paid time off. Failing to formally establish paid time off policies may result in violating the state's code and the policy not being legally enforceable.


title: Paid time off

text: Vacation is legally vested per formal language in the California Labor Code. Vacation cannot be forfeited once earned, and unused balances must be paid out upon termination.


title: Paid time off

text: There is no Pennsylvania labor law which requires an employer to pay an employee not to work. Benefits like sick leave, vacation pay, and severance pay are payments to an employee not to be at work. Therefore, an employer only has to pay these benefits if the employer has a policy to pay such benefits or a contract with you to pay these benefits. An employer must follow its own rules for these kinds of payments.


title: Paid time off

text: Most states, in fact, do not require unused vacation balances to be paid out upon termination, and very few states have formal rules protecting employees from changes in the vacation policy; however, all states must comply with federal labor laws such as the Family Medical Leave Act.


title: Paid time off

text: In January 2014, 16 days after taking office, Mayor Bill de Blasio put forward paid sick leave legislation to expand this right to more New Yorkers, including 200,000 of whom did not have any paid sick days. The law took effect on April 1 and applies to all workers at businesses with five or more employees, encompassing those excluded under the previous legislation that applied to businesses with 15 or more workers.


title: TrackMania

text: TrackMania is a series of racing games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Nintendo DS and Wii developed by Nadeo and Firebrand Games. Instead of following the usual trend of choosing a set car and track to play the game, in "TrackMania" the players can create their own tracks using a "building block" process similar to games that existed before the first TrackMania game, such as the 1984 game "Excitebike", the 1985 game "Racing Destruction Set", and the 1990 game "Stunts".


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania" games typically have a time trial format, with medals awarded for beating set times in single-player mode, as well as the ability to submit times to various online rankings. Players may choose to respawn (retire) at any time, for example if they land upside down, leave the track or get off to a poor start. Multiplayer races operate as concurrent time trials; players' cars are visible on the same track at the same time, but cannot physically interact with one another.


title: TrackMania

text: On January 27, 2006, Nadeo released TrackMania Nations, also called TrackMania Nations ESWC partly as a promotion for the Electronic Sports World Cup, and also for "TrackMania" itself. This free, stand-alone game had one new environment, "Stadium", and many of the "Sunrise" edition features, including the advertisement panels, which show ads from sponsors streamed from the internet. The game contains 100 single player tracks, the earlier ones relatively simple in both design and gameplay, but it is largely pitched as an online game. One of the main attractions is the leader board, where players compete for the best times and points. The top five players can be seen on the game's homepage. "Nations" quickly became popular with almost 1 million registered online players within weeks of its launch), largely due to the wide availability of the freeware game.


title: TrackMania

text: On June 30, 2006, "TrackMania United" was announced, a version that amalgamated all previous "TrackMania" editions into a single game that includes all the environments from the earlier games, and subsequently future installments of the series. "TrackMania United" features a peer-to-peer networking system allowing players to share custom content more easily, and a unified ranking system. The updated graphics engine includes a shadow mapping acceleration system, which is used in the most recent "Stadium" version. The new engine allows for more realistic shadows on high end systems while the "Stadium" environment has double the number of blocks featured in the free version, including dirt paths, water, and indoor sections.


title: TrackMania

text: Focus announced on November 9, 2006, that 10,000 copies of "TrackMania United" could be bought and pre-loaded online then activated from November 16, 2006 onwards. The game became available in retail outlets in France, Canada, Australia, Belgium, the French-speaking part of Switzerland and Russia later in 2006, then on February 23, 2007 in Germany, then on March 9, 2007 and later in other regions.


title: TrackMania

text: The game is available in the UK and was made available in the US via download for $49.99 on March 23, 2007 and $39.99 on April 17, 2007. As of September 7, 2007, the game is available for $29.95. It was made available for pre-order and pre-load on Steam on June 7, 2007 and unlocked on June 14, 2007.


title: TrackMania

text: Players who previously purchased "TrackMania" or "TrackMania: Sunrise" can earn a daily copper bonus in "TrackMania United" by registering their product keys through the game.


title: TrackMania

text: "Trackmania United Forever" is an updated version of "Trackmania United" featuring seven environments and an all-new mediatracker. It was published by Focus Home Interactive and developed by Nadeo and has a similar layout to "Trackmania Nations Forever". Four main modes are available: "Race", "Stunt", "Platform", and "Puzzle" as well as all the tracks from "Trackmania Nations".


title: TrackMania

text: On October 7, 2007, Nadeo announced that they were working on updated versions of "TrackMania United" and "TrackMania Nations". Both new versions have "Forever" added to their name, and are network compatible. "TrackMania Nations Forever" includes the new stadium blocks and physics system introduced in "TrackMania United", which allow "TrackMania United Forever" and "TrackMania Nations Forever" players to compete on the same (Stadium) servers.


title: TrackMania

text: Nadeo has stated that because they want the game to have a long lifespan, they are working on the engine and user interface rather than adding new content. "TrackMania United Forever", for instance, no longer requires the CD to be in the drive due to different copy protection and anti-cheat systems. They also warn players that some features may not be the final versions.


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania United Forever" was released on April 15, 2008, with the free-to-play variant "TrackMania Nations Forever" released the following day.


title: TrackMania

text: As of 9 December 2010, following the closure of the company used for providing in-game advertising, Nadeo introduced the "FreeZone" system to the game. This meant that Nations Forever players could only play on specific FreeZone servers or normal servers that they manually added to their in-game favourites list. Additionally, Nations Forever players were forced to spectate every one in five races. These changes were made as an incentive for players to upgrade to the paid "TrackMania United Forever" as Nadeo could no longer make money from in-game advertising.


title: TrackMania

text: On June 30, 2009, a "TrackMania" game for the Wii, titled "TrackMania Wii" was announced by jeuxvideo.com in an interview with one of the developers. The game features all the environments from "TrackMania United" apart from "Bay", due to the complexity of its scenery. The game was supposed to be released in North America under the title TrackMania: Build to Race on July 20, 2010 but on July 19, 2010, Michael Mota of Dreamcatcher Interactive, TrackMania Wii's publisher, told the Examiner "We made the announcement to the major retailers about the TrackMania delay; I’m not sure why that hasn’t been changed. The game has been delayed until December." The game eventually came out in North America on March 24, 2011. It has a more primitive online play system than the PC line of games and also uniquely features a special "F" class of tracks unlocked after a certain amount of medals are accrued.


title: TrackMania

text: An updated Wii release date on the Nintendo website for the UK version published by Focus Home Interactive has been given as September 23, 2010. The game was released in Europe with the "Build to Race" subtitle removed.


title: TrackMania

text: Like previous "TrackMania" games, players can race on tracks while doing various stunts as well as build their own tracks. The game features a new environment, Canyon, as well as two modes, Race and Platform. Platform mode is featured in the free extension pack, TrackMania: Platform.


title: TrackMania

text: Besides the new environment, the game also includes a split-screen mode, and a scripting language called "ManiaScript" which lets players add their own new features to the game.


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania: Stadium" was announced on November 2, 2012. This environment was opened to the public with an open beta on February 27, 2013. The game features the classic Stadium environment that was introduced in "TrackMania Nations". There have been some improvements to the graphics, and it uses ManiaPlanet's client and interface. The game was released on June 20, 2013.


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania: Valley" was announced on November 2, 2012. This environment became available on ManiaPlanet on July 4, 2013.


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania: Lagoon" was announced on May 9, 2017. This environment became available on ManiaPlanet on May 23, 2017. With this environment ported from TrackMania Turbo (2016), ManiaPlanet was given a large update called "ManiaPlanet 4".


title: TrackMania

text: Announced at Ubisoft's E3 2015 conference, "TrackMania Turbo" is a spin-off heavily inspired by 90s arcade racers. The game has been released in North America on March 22, 2016 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and on March 24, 2016 for Microsoft Windows.


title: TrackMania

text: A remake of "Trackmania Nations" was announced for Microsoft Windows on February 29, 2020, and was due to be released on May 5, 2020, but was delayed until July 1, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: TrackMania

text: The base game is free-to-play, with additional content available with a paid subscription model, including an in-game track editor, online events and car customization.


title: TrackMania

text: The game series' featured environments are "Desert" (also known as "Speed"), "Rally", "Snow" (also known as "Alpine"), "Bay", "Coast", "Island", "Stadium", "Canyon", "Valley", and "Lagoon".


title: TrackMania

text: Due to the success of the "TrackMania" series, Guinness World Records awarded the games six world records in the "Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008". These include "Biggest Online Race", "Most Popular Online Racing Sim" and "Largest Content Base of Any Racing Game", with hundreds of thousands of user-created tracks and hundreds of unique cars available for download.


title: TrackMania

text: The PC games in the "TrackMania" series used a copy protection system called StarForce, which silently installed a driver with all versions of "TrackMania Original", "TrackMania Sunrise" and the original "TrackMania Nations". Many sources falsely reported that "TrackMania Nations" updated the StarForce drivers only if they were already installed, although versions released after May 28, 2007, installed the StarForce drivers on all computers even though "TrackMania Nations" is freeware. The original "TrackMania United" features StarForce restrictions built into the executable to check the software's key, but it does not install the driver.


title: TrackMania

text: Although Valve originally included it in the system, on June 29, 2007, the company announced that the version of "TrackMania United" distributed via their Steam digital distribution platform would no longer include StarForce.


title: TrackMania

text: "TrackMania United Forever" and "TrackMania Nations Forever" do not include StarForce. If they are applied as upgrades to version of "TrackMania United" or "TrackMania Nations" which include StarForce, they attempt to remove it.


title: TrackMania

text: As the TrackMania games have grown in popularity, Nadeo started plans for two completely new games; namely, they began work on role-playing and first-person shooter games. These were first announced in 2009 through TrackMania United Forever, where the player's loading screen was replaced with images announcing either "Shootmania" or "Questmania". On 19 February 2012, Nadeo officially announced "Shootmania". On 10 April 2013, Nadeo released "Shootmania" on Maniaplanet. Questmania however was never released to this day.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Ashleigh Dennistoun Banfield (born December 29, 1967) is a Canadian-American journalist and host of "Banfield" on the NewsNation network. She is a former host of "Legal View with Ashleigh Banfield" and "Early Start" on CNN.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield was educated in her native Canada at Balmoral Hall School, a private university preparatory school in Winnipeg, Manitoba, which she left in 1985 (also attended by her mother, Suzie (Holland) Lount, in the 1950s). She went on to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and French from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, in 1988 and continued her studies in French at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, British Columbia, graduating in 1992.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield began her career in 1988 at CJBN-TV in Kenora, Ontario, and at CKY-TV in Winnipeg later that year. From 1989 to 1992, she anchored the weekend news for CFRN-TV in Edmonton. She worked at CICT-TV in Calgary, as a producer from 1992 to 1993 and as evening news anchor and business correspondent from 1993 to 1995. Banfield won two Iris Awards in 1994 in the categories of Best News Documentary and Best of Festival.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield was a freelance associate producer for ABC's "World News Tonight" during her tenure at CICT-TV. She covered the 1991 Bush/Gorbachev Summit in Russia and the April 1993 Clinton/Yeltsin Summit in Vancouver.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: In early 2000, Banfield was hired by national cable network MSNBC after having won an Emmy for her reporting at Dallas, TX broadcast station KDFW-TV. According to "The New York Times", she "fit nicely with MSNBC's positioning as the news network of choice for younger viewers". She also hosted "MSNBC Investigates", worked at NBC News, and became a host of "HomePage" along with Gina Gaston and Mika Brzezinski.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: On September 11, 2001, Banfield was reporting from the streets of Manhattan amid a cloud of debris from the collapsing World Trade Center. She was reporting a few blocks north of the site when 7 World Trade Center collapsed behind her. After the initial reporting of the attack had ended, Banfield received a promotion, as MSNBC sent her around the world as the producer of a new program, "A Region in Conflict". Banfield lost two friends in the World Trade Center attacks and sought help for post-traumatic stress disorder.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: During the conflict in Afghanistan, Banfield interviewed Taliban prisoners, and visited a hospital in Kabul. Later entries covered her travels from Jalalabad to Kabul, as well as other experiences in Afghanistan. In Pakistan, she interviewed Father Gregory Rice, a Roman Catholic priest in Pakistan, and an Iraqi woman aiding refugees. After "A Region in Conflict", she received the 10 pm timeslot with the show "Ashleigh Banfield on Location".


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: In April 2003, in a Landon Lecture Series speech at Kansas State University, Banfield raised concerns regarding media coverage of the conflict in Iraq. She spoke against "cable news operators who wrap themselves in the American flag and go after a certain target demographic" and specifically named Fox News Channel as an example. "The New York Times" reported that her speech angered MSNBC controlling NBC management, who rebuked her and lowered her profile. "They just fell in love with a new toy and they played with it and played with it and played with it until the paint came off", said an NBC News correspondent of the network's relationship with Banfield.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield joined CourtTV (renamed TruTV) in 2005. She was the co-host of the trial coverage show "Banfield & Ford: Courtside" weekdays from 1 to 3PM ET with Jack Ford. On June 1, 2009, Banfield took over as host of the truTV series "Open Court" weekdays from 9 to 11 a.m. ET, formerly hosted by Lisa Bloom. Her last major assignment with the network was reporting on the Casey Anthony trial.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield joined CNN in January 2012 as co-anchor with Zoraida Sambolin, of the network's morning show, "Early Start". On August 13, 2012, Banfield moved to the 11 a.m. edition of "CNN Newsroom" in New York each weekday, replacing Kyra Phillips as anchor. On August 6, 2013, it was announced that CNN would rebrand its 11 a.m. hour of "CNN Newsroom." The show, called "Legal View with Ashleigh Banfield", aired at 12 noon Eastern. In 2014, Banfield was featured in a small role portraying herself in the Netflix series House of Cards, where she interviewed Claire Underwood. In October, Banfield joined CNN sister station HLN as host on the legal issues interview program "Primetime Justice with Ashleigh Banfield," which aired at 8 p.m. Monday to Thursday. As of December 2017, the show has been re-branded as "Crime & Justice with Ashleigh Banfield".


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: On October 16, 2018, it was announced by HLN that Banfield was to be laid off, along with Michaela Pereira and Carol Costello, as part of the network's decision to scale back their live news programming. Final broadcasts of the shows hosted by all three presenters were aired on Friday, October 26, 2018. She then was the inaugural host of the A&E show "Live Rescue." After the first season, Matt Iseman took over as host.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: She resumed hosting programs on CourtTV, including the true crime documentary series "Judgment with Ashleigh Banfield" in 2020. The program recaps past high profile trials and provides updates on the individuals involved. She also appeared as a special contributor on their evening courtroom highlight show. In January 2021, Banfield was announced as the host to replace the third hour of "NewsNation Prime" on NewsNation. The interview program, titled "Banfield", is intended to interview newsmakers from all walks of life in a style said to be similar to "Larry King Live."


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: Banfield was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the daughter of Suzanne Elizabeth (Holland) and John Alexander Banfield. She was known for her "trademark rectangular eyeglasses, the object of countless remarks, pro and con, after her arrival on the national media scene." In 2016, she had refractive lens exchange surgery which corrected her far-sightedness. Banfield is a cousin of television writer and director Michelle MacLaren.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: In 2004, Banfield married real estate financier Howard Gould, who founded the carbon credit trading company Equator Environmental, and is a great-grandson of railroad developer Jay Gould. The wedding took place aboard a wooden yacht at the Royal Lake of the Woods Yacht Club in Canada. The couple, who are now divorced, have two sons.


title: Ashleigh Banfield

text: On December 29, 2017, Banfield's 50th birthday, she married her partner of three years, Chris Haynor, at the Hermitage Club ski lodge in Wilmington, Vermont.


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: Becky Ann Baker (née Gelke; born February 17, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles of Jean Weir on NBC comedy-drama series "Freaks and Geeks" (1999–2000) and Loreen Horvath on HBO comedy-drama series "Girls" (2012–2017), the latter of which earned two Critics' Choice Television Award nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: Baker's film credits include "Jacob's Ladder" (1990), "In & Out" (1997), "A Simple Plan" (1998), "Stay" (2005), "Nights in Rodanthe" (2008), "Hope Springs" (2012), "Table 19" (2017), "The Half of It" (2020), and "Holler" (2020).


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: Becky Ann Gelke was born in Fort Knox, Kentucky, the daughter of a military officer. She graduated from West Springfield High School in Springfield, Virginia and Western Kentucky University.


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: Baker's film credits include "Blue Steel", "Jacob's Ladder", "Lorenzo's Oil", "Unstrung Heroes", "Sabrina", Ridley Scott's "White Squall", "Men in Black", "In & Out", Woody Allen's "Celebrity", Sam Raimi's "A Simple Plan" (for which she received a Blockbuster Entertainment Award nomination), "Two Weeks Notice", Steven Spielberg's "War of the Worlds", "Stay", "The Night Listener", "Death of a President", and "Spider-Man 3".


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: She got her role in "Freaks and Geeks" after series creator Paul Feig and Judd Apatow saw her performance in Sam Raimi's "A Simple Plan". "That really informed their decision to try to use me from having really no huge television experience," she said. In addition to "Freaks and Geeks", her television credits include Stephen King's "Storm of the Century" and guest spots on "L.A. Law", "Frasier", "", "Sex & the City", "", "Oz" and "All My Children".


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: An accomplished stage performer, Baker made her Broadway debut in the 1981 production of "The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas", and received a Drama-Logue Award in 1994 for her work in "Night and Her Stars". She is a founding member of New York-based theatre company The Drama Dept.


title: Becky Ann Baker

text: In 2009, she appeared in the NBC series "Kings", playing the minor role of Jessie Shepherd, mother of protagonist David Shepherd. Her real-life husband, Dylan Baker, played antagonist William Cross in the series.


title: Neytiri

text: Neytiri te Tskaha Mo'at'ite is a fictional character in the American science fiction film series "Avatar", created by James Cameron. While in a Pandoran forest, Neytiri meets a lost Jake Sully, and saves him from a pack of viperwolves. Neytiri soon becomes his teacher, helping him complete several tasks, and eventually falls in love and mates with him. Neytiri fights alongside Jake in the assault on the Tree of Souls and saves him from being killed by Colonel Miles Quaritch.


title: Neytiri

text: The character is portrayed by Zoe Saldaña in "Avatar" and its upcoming sequels, including "" and "Avatar 3". She also appears in literature, including comic books published by Dark Horse Comics. Various merchandise of the character have also been produced, including action figures and toys produced for McDonald's Happy Meals.


title: Neytiri

text: The origins for Neytiri date back to the late 1970s, when James Cameron was preparing "Xenogenesis", a short film intended to be used as a pitch for a feature-length film that never happened. The film features a painting of a female blue skinned alien. He later stated that after the film was turned down, he kept thinking about the idea of a blue skinned alien and decided to recycle it when developing "Avatar" in the early 1990s (which was then known as "Project 880"). Further inspiration for the look of Neytiri came from the description of a dream his mother had in which she saw a blue-skinned woman 12 feet (4 m) tall. In earlier drafts of the screenplay, Neytiri was known as "Zuleika Te Kaha Polenoma".


title: Neytiri

text: In the 1990s, when "Avatar" began to be developed, Charisma Carpenter was set to play the role. But by the time the film had been greenlit in 2006, Carpenter had become too old for the role and was thus not cast. Cameron then began a worldwide search for actresses to play the role, with Q'orianka Kilcher being considered and Emily Blunt auditioning for the role. Eventually, Cameron cast Zoe Saldaña in the role. Since she was cast early in production, Saldaña helped screen-test actors auditioning for the part of Jake Sully, including eventual co-star Sam Worthington.


title: Neytiri

text: One day while Neytiri is hunting in the woods of Pandora, she spots Jake Sully's avatar and begins to stalk him. As she is about to kill the armed intruder with a bow, a woodsprite floats down and gently touches her arrowhead, telling her that the avatar is pure. She continues to follow the avatar because of this symbol. When Jake is attacked by a pack of viperwolves, she protects him by fending off the creatures. Although Jake tries to thank her for saving her, she rejects him, as she wants nothing to do with the humans. Suddenly, dozens of woodsprites land on Jake. Amazed by what she just witnessed, Neytiri sees this as a good omen from Eywa and takes him to Hometree; the home of the Omaticaya clan.


title: Neytiri

text: Upon arrival, Tsu'tey attacks Jake and attempts to kill him, but Neytiri stops him explaining the sign she had received from Eywa. Jake is then taken to meet with Eytukan and Mo'at, Neytiri's parents, who decide that they must study Jake, as he is the first Avatar who was a soldier and not a scientist. Much to her chagrin, Neytiri is tasked with teaching Jake the Na'vi ways.


title: Neytiri

text: Over the following three months, Neytiri teaches Jake the ways of the Na'vi. She shows him how to move through the Pandoran jungle, make tsaheylu (a bond that allows him to ride direhorses and ikran), how to speak the Na'vi language, and teaches him hunting rituals. She also tells him Na'vi stories, including the story of the Toruk Makto, a mythical Na'vi warrior who was closely linked with Eywa and therefore able to make tsaheylu with the Toruk, a legendary Pandoran creature. During this time, she also falls in love with Jake and eventually, they mate.


title: Neytiri

text: After Jake reveals his true mission and explains that the RDA was coming to destroy Hometree, Neytiri furiously rejects him and the Na'vi subsequently take both Jake and Grace captive before preparing for the defense of their home. When the RDA arrives, the Na'vi make a futile stand against them but are quickly overwhelmed and flee into the forest. The RDA destroys Hometree, taking several Na'vi casualties, including Eytukan. Jake finds her and attempts to comfort her, but she again rejects him, demanding he go away and never come back.


title: Neytiri

text: Neytiri and the other surviving members of the Omaticaya Clan then seek refuge at the Tree of Souls, where they pray that Eywa will save them. Their prayers are answered when Jake returns, having made tsaheylu with the Toruk. Recognizing his close connection to Eywa, Neytiri forgives him and accepts him again. She then helps Jake rally the other Na'vi clans to prepare for an impending attack from the RDA, who plan to strike and destroy the Tree of Souls. During the subsequent battle, the Na'vi suffer heavy casualties, but are rescued when Pandoran wildlife unexpectedly join the attack and overwhelm the humans, which Neytiri interprets as Eywa's answer to Jake's prayer. Jake destroys a makeshift bomber before it can reach the Tree of Souls; Quaritch, wearing an AMP suit, escapes from his own damaged aircraft, then later finds and breaks open the avatar link unit containing Jake's human body, exposing it to Pandora's poisonous atmosphere. As Quaritch prepares to slit the throat of Jake's avatar, Neytiri kills Quaritch, saving Jake from suffocation and seeing his human form for the first time.


title: Neytiri

text: With the exceptions of Jake, Norm and a select few others, all humans are expelled from Pandora and sent back to Earth. Neytiri watches over Jake as he is permanently transferred into his avatar with the aid of the Tree of Souls.


title: Neytiri

text: More than a decade later, Neytiri and Jake have settled down and raised a family consisting of: Neteyam, their first son and oldest child, Lo'ak, their second son, and Tuktirey ("Tuk"), their daughter and youngest child, all of whom are Na'vi. They have also adopted Kiri, a teenage Na'vi, and Miles "Spider" Socorro, a human teenager who prefers to spend his time in the Pandoran rainforest.


title: Neytiri

text: Two weeks after the Na'vi's victory over the RDA, several clans are still struggling with the losses and damages they suffered during the battle. Neytiri volunteers to help the Olangi Clan, who suffered the most casualties from the war. She finds Jake at the gravesite of his human body, still suffering internal conflicts about his transition into his avatar body. Neytiri warns Jake that this isn't healthy for him before leaving.


title: Neytiri

text: Neytiri returns a couple of days later after receiving news that the family of Tsu'tey had poisoned Jake with a knife, leaving him in a coma. She finds Jake at the gravesite, they embrace and she asks him what happened. Jake dismisses the situation and downplays the events, telling Neytiri it's "just a scratch". Neytiri points out that he doesn't seem like himself, but Jake reassures her that he has never felt more like himself and finally leaves his human body behind.


title: Neytiri

text: Years before the events of "Avatar", Dr. Grace Augustine contacts the Omaticaya Clan and proposes the idea of a school where the Na'vi and humans could interact. Mo'at and Eytukan are against the idea, but consult their daughters Neytiri and Sylwanin, along with other Na'vi children for their opinions on the matter. They request to visit Hell's Gate, and Mo'at takes them there to meet Grace and learn about human operations. Grace gives Neytiri and the other kids a tour of the base and teaches them how to play basketball. After returning home, Mo'at asks the children about what they think about attending the human school. While Neytiri is excited about the idea, Sylwanin points out that at the school, the humans will learn from the Na'vi, but not the other way around. Mo'at and Eytukan agree and decide to open the school, but the latter gets suspicious after children including Neytiri who went to Hell's Gate begin developing symptoms of a mysterious illness.


title: Neytiri

text: Mo'at discusses this with Grace, asking if the disease came from Hell's Gate, who is shocked and denies it; Mo'at believes there was no malice, but is unconvinced that the disease didn't come from humans. Grace leaves Mo'at with supplies and returns to her lab in Hell's Gate, where Parker Selfridge assures Grace that the RDA was not responsible for the sickness. Meanwhile, Eytukan questions Mo'at about Grace's supplies informs her that Neytiri's sickness is getting worse.


title: Neytiri

text: Grace returns and is told by Mo'at that the sickness has begun infecting adults as well. Mo'at and Grace then begin a journey to visit the Tawkami Clan, Pandora's master botanists, hoping that they will have more knowledge of the sickness.


title: Neytiri

text: At Grace's school, Neytiri and Sylwanin learn to speak English, being regarded as the “top students”, but the school is attacked and Sylwanin is shot and killed. This strains the human's relationship between the Na'vi, who ban them from their land. Meanwhile, Neytiri gets engaged to Sylwanin's fiancé, Tsu'tey, in order to also be the next Tsahìk.


title: Neytiri

text: Mattel made an action figure of Neytiri as part of a range of "Avatar" action figures produced for the first film. She was also included in a range of "Avatar" toys produced for McDonald's Happy Meals.


title: Neytiri

text: For her performance in "Avatar", Saldaña won Best Actress at the 36th Saturn Awards. As of 2021, she is one of four fully motion capture performances to win a Saturn Award and the only woman to do so.


title: Neytiri

text: She was also nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Black Reel Awards and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture at the NAACP Image Awards.


title: Neytiri

text: For her performance in "Avatar: The Way of Water", Saldana won the Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Motion Capture Performance, beating out co-stars Sam Worthington and Sigourney Weaver.


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: Michael Terry Weiss (born February 2, 1962) is an American actor known for his role as Jarod in the television series "The Pretender".


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: Michael Terry Weiss was born in Chicago, Illinois on February 2, 1962. His father was a steel industry executive and his mother was a homemaker. He has a sister, Jamie Sue Weiss, who became a make-up artist for television and films. He went to Glenbrook North High School in Northbrook, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Southern California.


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: In 1980, at the age of 18, he appeared as an extra in the movie "Ordinary People". Shortly after his college graduation, he was cast as Mike Horton on "Days of Our Lives". Weiss also starred in the NBC-TV prime time drama "The Pretender" for four seasons as the lead character Jarod. Weiss also had roles in the 1991 remake of "Dark Shadows (1991 TV series)," as well as in the movie "Jeffrey", the animated series "The Legend of Tarzan", and a recurring role on "Crossing Jordan". He voiced "The Nameless One", the protagonist of computer game "".


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: In February 2006, Weiss attended a benefit with his former "Pretender" co-stars Andrea Parker and James Denton for Cure Autism Now.


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: Weiss joined the cast of "Impressionism", a play by Michael Jacobs and directed by Jack O'Brien. It opened at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre on March 12, 2009.


title: Michael T. Weiss

text: Weiss appeared in "A Perfect Future", Off-Broadway at the Cherry Lane Theatre. The production was directed by Wilson Milam.


title: The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace

text: About 800 years ago, monstrous demons attacked and threatened mankind's existence; while at risk of being extinct, all the humans began praying to their respective gods, hoping for someone or something to save every one from the brink of destruction. With their prayers answered, a race of deities called the "Idaten" were created, by using their utmost endurance and powerful god-like abilities: the Idaten manage to defeat the demons, saving humanity and bringing peace to the entire world. Now in the present time, the newer generation of the Idaten only know little about the demons since they've all lived peaceful lives. Training under Rin, the only remaining original Idaten from 800 years ago, the new Idaten find ways to survive in a time where they have seemingly outlived their usefulness. Suddenly, when the tyrannical Zoble Empire resurrects a demon, the misfit warriors are called to the battlefield against their natural enemy once more.


title: The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace

text: "The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace" manga written and by Amahara and illustrated by Coolkyousinnjya, started in Hakusensha's "seinen" manga magazine "Young Animal" on August 24, 2018. Hakusensha has collected its chapters into individual "tankobon" volumes. The first volume was released on January 29, 2019. As of June 29, 2022, six volumes have been released. The manga has been licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment.


title: The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced on August 11, 2020. The series is animated by MAPPA and directed by Seimei Kidokoro, with Hiroshi Seko handling series' composition, and Nao Ootsu designing the characters. It aired from July 23 to October 1, 2021 on Fuji TV's Noitamina block. Tatsuya Kitani performed the series' opening theme song "Seija no Kōshin". Crunchyroll licensed the series outside of Asia. Medialink has licensed the series in Southeast Asia and South Asia, and is streaming it on their Ani-One YouTube channel, but this series is only viewable in their YouTube channel with Ani-One Ultra Membership scheme.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Alexandra "Alex" Cabot is a fictional character within the "Law & Order" universe portrayed by Stephanie March. She is a primary character in "" and "Conviction".


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Cabot first appears in the "SVU" episode "Wrong Is Right", when she is hired to work with SVU as their permanent assistant district attorney (ADA) overseeing the legality of its arrests, following a rotating mix of ADAs, among them Abbie Carmichael (Angie Harmon) of the original "Law & Order". She is a graduate of Harvard Law School, and has an "uncle Bill" who is a federal judge.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: While Cabot has great compassion for the victims of sexual assault, child sexual abuse and domestic violence for whom she advocates, her strict code of legal ethics often forces her to make harsh decisions and judgments that go against her personal feelings. Her moral compass has earned her respect within the SVU squad.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: She does occasionally bend the rules to suit her own notions of justice, but often with unpleasant results. In one case, she is so determined to put serial child molester Roy Barnett (Beau Gravitte) in prison that she aggressively pressures one of his victims, Sam Cavanaugh (Bret Harrison), to testify, going so far as to threaten the boy with legal action if he does not comply. Sam later attempts suicide, leaving him with severe brain damage and thus unable to testify. She then lies to the detectives about having a search warrant for Sam's home, which results in Barnett's conviction on a technicality, but gets her in trouble with her superiors. She is let off with a one-month suspension.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Executive producer and head writer Neal Baer has said that an unaddressed sexual tension exists between Cabot and Detective Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay). Baer said, "We read the fan sites. We know that people are into the Alex-Olivia thing. All the codes are in there." When asked in a 2009 press call if Cabot and Benson were in love, March said, "I’m not saying we’re not…I’m not saying we’re not in love."


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: After three seasons, Cabot made her departure from SVU in the season-five episode "Loss", in which she is prosecuting a rapist named Rafael Zapata Gaviria (Jacinto Taras Riddick), who works for drug lord Cesar Velez. Zapata had brutally raped and murdered an undercover NYPD officer who was working with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Cabot receives a threat on her life, as well as that of her mother. Despite warnings from the rest of the SVU squad, Cabot continues to prosecute the case, unwilling to let Zapata scare her. Tim Donovan (Josh Hopkins), a key witness and DEA special agent, is murdered in a car bombing right before Cabot's eyes. Cabot initially wants to try Zapata, even with no witness and her own life on the line, but after pressure from the SVU detectives and District Attorney Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson), she drops the charges. However, Zapata is immediately arrested by federal agents for the witness's murder and is subsequently killed in his cell.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: At the conclusion of the episode, Cabot is apparently killed in a drive-by shooting while saying goodnight to Benson and Detective Elliot Stabler (Christopher Meloni). In the following scene, a cold, quiet SVU squad room is shown with Stabler reading a newspaper proclaiming her death. Benson and Stabler are called to a deserted area by federal agents, where Cabot emerges from the car. She tells the stunned detectives that she had insisted on telling them the truth before disappearing into the Witness Protection Program. She is replaced in the following episode by ADA Casey Novak (Diane Neal).


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: In the season-six episode "", events surrounding the arrest of Liam Connors (Brían F. O'Byrne), the assassin who shot her, led to Cabot's return from the Witness Protection Program as Connors is arrested for her murder while being pursued for several others and an attempted murder of a young boy who witnessed one of his crimes. She reveals that the assumed identity she was given was that of an insurance salesperson from Tulsa, that she was living and working in Wisconsin under the name "Emily", and that she missed her mother's funeral while in hiding. She is reluctant to see Connors convicted of a murder he did not commit (he does not know she is alive, either), but still wants justice and testifies against him in court. Connors goes to prison, having been found guilty under two counts of attempted murder (Cabot and an eight-year-old boy), plus five counts of murder. Upon winning the case, the SVU squad goes to Novak's office to celebrate, awaiting Cabot to join them. She does not show up, and federal agents inform them that she has once again been moved and given a new identity.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: About a year after her reappearance on "SVU", Cabot returns to New York and resumes her work in the district attorney's office as the homicide bureau chief (replacing Tracey Kibre from "") in the "Law & Order" spinoff "Conviction". She plays a tough but understanding supervisor to a young group of ADAs. Her attitude and personality in this role were much different from those of the young ADA who prosecuted cases in "SVU". Cabot's departure from witness protection and return to New York as a bureau chief was not explained during the show's airing, as she was a last-minute addition to the cast and most of the early episodes had already been written before she was added. Plans were made for later episodes to explain Cabot's return to New York, plus a greater exploration of her personal life and past, but the cancellation of "Conviction" made this moot.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: The explanation of Cabot's return from witness protection to the DA's office in "Conviction" was finally revealed in the "SVU" season-10 episode, "", where she reveals to the SVU detectives that she has been asked by DA Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) to step in for Kim Greylek (Michaela McManus), when Greylek was called back to the Justice Department. At that point, she had not told her former colleagues of her return; she is implied, and later confirmed, to be still traumatized by her attempted murder. The detectives learn she had left witness protection after Velez died in prison and Connors was extradited to Ireland. Sometime between 2006 and 2007, she stepped down from the position of homicide bureau chief and is replaced by Christine Danielson (Gloria Reuben). Cabot begins work in the Appeals Bureau until her return to SVU. She remains at SVU for the remainder of the season, in which she appears in six episodes in what Cabot calls a "temporary" role. She replaces Greylek.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: In the season-11 premiere, Cabot is revealed to be training in Albany, and will eventually return to the Appeals Bureau. McCoy asks Executive ADA Sonya Paxton (Christine Lahti) to assume Cabot's role. Paxton is ultimately fired for showing up to trial drunk, and Cabot returns to her old job, commenting that she had "clawed her way" out of Appeals to return to SVU, to prosecute Kevin O’Donnell (Garret Dillahunt), the leader of a pedophile advocacy group. In this episode, Stephanie March is added to the season-11 opening credits as a series regular (though only in episodes in which she appears). Benson and Stabler are later informed that Cabot had been accused of withholding evidence and is being investigated by the state bar association. In that same episode, Paxton returns to give Cabot some "much needed advice" that helps her win the case.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: In another episode, Cabot tries a rape case with an illegal immigrant from the Democratic Republic of the Congo as her star witness. The witness was herself raped in the Congo, and Cabot works to help her get asylum, as well as trying the rape case, which then becomes a murder case after the victim dies from an infection caused by injuries sustained during the rape. Cabot succeeds in getting the rapist convicted and gets the witness a visa that would allow her to remain in the United States without fear of being deported. However, the case affects both the witness and Cabot; the witness decides to return to the Congo to help rape victims there, while Cabot decides to take a leave of absence and joins the prosecutor's office of the International Criminal Court, which prosecutes sex crimes and other human-rights abuses in areas such as the Congo. She is replaced by (Sharon Stone).


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: ADAs Alexandra Cabot and Casey Novak both returned to "" for the show's 13th season. In the season premiere "", Cabot makes her first appearance in the squad room since season 11. She is the lead prosecutor in a rape case against Roberto Di Stasio (Franco Nero), a diplomat in the running to become Italy's next prime minister. When the accuser, a hotel maid (Anika Noni Rose), is caught on tape admitting she could make money off her alleged rapist, Cabot's new boss, SVU's Bureau Chief ADA Michael Cutter (Linus Roache), says that they are dropping the charges. Cabot fights Cutter, however, and the case does make it to trial, with mixed results; the jury finds the defendant guilty of unlawful imprisonment, but are deadlocked on the rape charge.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: In the episode "Spiraling Down", Cabot is convinced by the detectives to set up a sting operation to catch johns after they rescue an underaged prostitute. They arrest former professional quarterback Jake Stanton (Treat Williams), and both Cabot and Benson seek to make an example out of him, but Cabot is unexpectedly forced to face off with defense attorney Bayard Ellis (Andre Braugher) at trial, after Benson tells Stanton's wife to call him. After the case takes a turn for the worse, Cabot berates Benson after court when Benson defends Stanton. Cabot implies she knows Benson had something to do with Ellis defending Stanton. Cabot ultimately loses the case after the jury finds Stanton not guilty due to mental instability caused by the numerous concussions he suffered during his career.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Cabot is the prosecutor in seven episodes of season 13, sharing the ADA duties with Novak, Cutter, and David Haden (Harry Connick Jr.). The character makes her final appearance in the season in "Learning Curve", in which she helps the investigation of sexual abuse in an exclusive preparatory school.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Cabot returns six years later in the Season 19 episode, "Sunk Cost Fallacy". At this point, she has retired from the D.A.'s office, and now helps battered women escape their abusers by “disappearing” them – smuggling them out of New York City and giving them new identities.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: In SVU's latest case, a woman named Jules Hunter (Sarah Wilson) and her four-year-old daughter Ruby have gone missing, and the detectives find evidence of their apparent murders in Jules' car. They arrest their chief suspect, Jules’ abusive husband Nick (Scott Porter). However, now-Lieutenant Benson discovers that Cabot had faked Jules’ and Ruby's deaths in order to help them escape their abusive home and start new lives.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Benson is forced to reduce the charges against Nick to assault, and he makes bail. He then sues the department and the D.A.'s office for $50 million. During the resulting bench trial, Nick's lawyer calls Benson as a witness and gets her to reveal that Jules and Ruby are alive. Cabot tries to hide them again, but Benson persuades Jules to stay and help put Nick in prison. Soon afterward, however, Jules is killed in an apparent car accident. Both Cabot and Benson believe that Nick is responsible, but he nevertheless wins custody of Ruby. Though now on opposite sides, Cabot and Benson part ways on good terms; they express admiration for each other and hug. Cabot then goes to meet another client.


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: March has been credited in 97 episodes of "SVU" (appearing in 94), making her the third-longest ADA in the franchise history, surpassed by Casey Novak ("SVU"), and Ron Carver ("").


title: Alexandra Cabot

text: Additionally, she is credited in all 13 episodes of "Conviction", bringing her total episode count to 110 (appearing in 107).


title: National League for Democracy

text: The National League for Democracy (, ; abbr. NLD; Burmese abbr. ဒီချုပ်) is a liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma). It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 general election but was overthrown in a military coup d'état in early 2021 following another landslide election victory in 2020.


title: National League for Democracy

text: Founded on 27 September 1988, it has become one of the most influential parties in Myanmar's pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi, the former State Counsellor of Myanmar, serves as its chairperson. The party won a substantial parliamentary majority in the 1990 Myanmar general election. However, the ruling military junta refused to recognise the result. On 6 May 2010, the party was declared illegal and ordered to be disbanded by the junta after refusing to register for the elections slated for November 2010. In November 2011, the NLD announced its intention to register as a political party to contend future elections, and Myanmar's Union Election Commission approved their application for registration on 13 December 2011.


title: National League for Democracy

text: In the 2012 by-elections, the NLD contested 44 of the 45 available seats, winning 43, with its only loss being in one seat to the SNDP. Party leader Aung San Suu Kyi won the seat of Kawhmu. In the 2015 general election, the NLD won a supermajority in both houses of the Assembly, paving the way for the country's first non-military president in 54 years. The NLD is an observer party of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats.


title: National League for Democracy

text: On 21 May 2021, the junta's Union Election Committee announced plans to permanently dissolve the NLD, though the junta later reversed this decision, with spokesman Zaw Min Tun saying that the NLD will decide whether to stand in the 2023 general election.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The NLD was formed in the aftermath of the 8888 Uprising, a series of protests in favour of democracy which took place in 1990 and was ended when the military again took control of the country in a coup. It formed under the leadership of Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of Aung San, a pivotal figure in the Burmese independence movement of the 1940s. She was recruited by concerned democracy advocates. The first founding chair is Brigadier General Aung Gyi and Aung San Suu Kyi is the General Secretary of the Party.


title: National League for Democracy

text: In the 1990 parliamentary elections, the party took 59% of the vote and won 392 out of 492 contested seats, compared to 10 seats won by the governing National Unity Party. However, the ruling military junta (formerly SLORC, later known as the State Peace and Development Council or SPDC) did not let the party form a government. Soon after the election, the party was repressed and in 1996 Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest. This was her status for 16 of the following 21 years until her release on 13 November 2010. A number of senior NLD members escaped arrest, however, and formed the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB).


title: National League for Democracy

text: In 2001, the government permitted NLD office branches to re-open throughout Burma and freed some imprisoned members. In May 2002, NLD's general secretary, Aung San Suu Kyi was again released from house arrest. She and other NLD members made numerous trips throughout the country and received support from the public. However, on their trip to Depayin township in May 2003, dozens of NLD members were shot and killed in a military sponsored massacre. Its general secretary, Aung San Suu Kyi and Party's Vice President, U Tin Oo were again arrested.


title: National League for Democracy

text: From 2004, the government prohibited the activities of the party. In 2006, many members resigned from NLD, citing harassment and pressure from the Tatmadaw (Armed Forces) and the Union Solidarity and Development Association. In October 2008, following the crackdown on the aftermath of the Saffron Revolution a bomb exploded in the Htan Chauk Pin quarter of the Shwepyitha Township of Yangon, near the office of the military junta-backed Union Solidarity and Development Association killing one. The victim was identified as Thet Oo Win, a former Buddhist monk who participated in the Saffron Revolution, was killed while improvising the bomb at his own residence. The junta blamed the National League for Democracy party of planting that bomb, but experts believed at the time that the opposition was not in a position to carry out such acts amidst the tightly controlled security environment. The junta detained several members of the party in connection with the bombings that year.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The NLD boycotted the general election held in November 2010 because many of its most prominent members were barred from standing. The laws were designed in such a way that the party would have had to expel these members to be allowed to run. This decision, taken in May, led to the party being officially banned. A splinter group named the National Democratic Force broke away from the NLD to contest the elections, but secured less than 3% of the vote. The election was won in a landslide by the military-backed USDP and was described by U.S. President Barack Obama as "stolen".


title: National League for Democracy

text: Discussions were held between Suu Kyi and the Burmese government during 2011, which led to a number of official gestures to meet her demands. In October, around a tenth of Myanmar's political prisoners were freed in an amnesty and trade unions were legalised.


title: National League for Democracy

text: On 18 November 2011, following a meeting of its leaders, the NLD announced its intention to re-register as a political party in order to contend in 48 by-elections necessitated by the promotion of parliamentarians to ministerial rank. Following the decision, Suu Kyi held a telephone conference with Barack Obama, in which it was agreed that U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton would make a visit to Myanmar, a move received with caution by Burma's ally China. The visit took place on 30 November. European Union Vice President Catherine Ashton welcomed the possibility of "fair and transparent" elections in Burma, and said that the EU would be reviewing its foreign policy towards the country.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The party was criticised for discouraging Muslim candidates during preparations for the 2015 elections, a step seen as related to its desire to keep good relations with hardline Buddhist monks such as the Ma Ba Tha association. Ko Ni, a legal advisor to the party and a Muslim, was assassinated in January 2017. The party has also been criticized by international media outlets for its lack of response to renewed military-led violence against the Rohingya beginning in 2016, as well as for "doing little to address the country’s weak rule of law, corrupt judiciary, or impunity for security force abuses" with the power they had (although several national institutions remain dominated by the military).


title: National League for Democracy

text: In the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, NLD offices were occupied and raided by police authorities, starting on 2 February. Documents, computers and laptops were forcibly seized, and the NLD called these raids unlawful. On 9 February, police raided the NLD headquarters in Yangon.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The NLD supports populism and protectionist economic policies. Historically, the NLD has been a social-democratic party.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The party advocates a non-violent movement towards multi-party democracy in Myanmar, which was under military rule from 1962 to 2011. The party also claims to support human rights (including broad-based freedom of speech), the rule of law, and national reconciliation.


title: National League for Democracy

text: Aung San Suu Kyi also claimed amendments to the constitution of 2008, drafted with the input of the armed forces. She stated that its mandatory granting of 25% of seats in parliament to appointed military representatives is undemocratic.


title: National League for Democracy

text: The party flag features the peacock, a prominent symbol of Myanmar. The dancing peacock (the peacock in courtship or in display of its feathers) was frequently featured in Burmese monarchic flags as well as other nationalist symbols in the country. The fighting peacock is associated with the decades-long democratic struggle against military dictatorship in the country. The latter closely resembles a green peafowl, as it has a tufted crest. The NLD party symbol is adopted from the Myanmar (Burmese) Student Union flag. This student union organised since the uprising against British colonial rule in Burma, years before the independence of Burma in 1948, had played a major political role in Burma and Aung San Suu Kyi's late father Bogyoke Aung San (General Aung San) was one of the former presidents of the Rangoon University Student Union.


title: National League for Democracy

text: NLD Women's Committee () is the committee of NLD women and provided legal and social assistance to women in need. Women’s Work Committees have been formed at all administrative levels, including region and state, ward, and village. The chairman of the Central Women’s Committee is May Win Myint


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Heavy Metal is an American science fiction and fantasy comics magazine, published beginning in 1977. The magazine is known primarily for its blend of dark fantasy/science fiction, erotica and steampunk comics.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Unlike the traditional American comic books of that time bound by the restrictive Comics Code Authority, "Heavy Metal" featured explicit content. The magazine started out primarily as a licensed translation of the French science-fantasy magazine "Métal hurlant", including work by Enki Bilal, Philippe Caza, Guido Crepax, Philippe Druillet, Jean-Claude Forest, Jean Giraud (a.k.a. Moebius), Chantal Montellier, and Milo Manara.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: As cartoonist/publisher Kevin Eastman saw it, "Heavy Metal" published European art which had not been previously seen in the United States, as well as demonstrating an underground comix sensibility that nonetheless "wasn't as harsh or extreme as some of the underground comix – but . . . definitely intended for an older readership."


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: After a European trip in 1975 by "National Lampoon" contributor Tony Hendra expressing interest in European comics, their New York offices attracted significant European comic material. On 2 September 1976 editor Sean Kelly singled out the relatively new French publication "Métal hurlant" (, though Kelly translated it as 'Screaming Metal') and brought it to the attention of president Leonard Mogel on 3 September 1976, as Mogel was departing for Germany and France to jump-start the French edition of "National Lampoon". "Métal hurlant" had debuted in early 1975 from Les Humanoïdes Associés (), an association of Philippe Druillet, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Jean Giraud (Mœbius), and financial director Bernard Farkas formed on 19 December 1974. Upon Mogel's return from Paris on 27 September 1976, he reported that the French publishers had agreed to an English language version, and he suggested the title "Heavy Metal" for an April issue to be released in March 1977.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: "Heavy Metal" debuted in the US as a glossy, full-color monthly published by HM Communications, Inc., a subsidiary of Twenty First Century Communications, Inc. The cover of the initial April 1977 issue declared itself to be "From the people who bring you the National Lampoon", and the issue primarily featured reprints from "Métal hurlant", as well as material from "National Lampoon", a colorized portion of Vaughn Bodē's "Sunpot" (1971), and an excerpt from Terry Brooks' "The Sword of Shannara" (1977). Since the color pages from "Métal hurlant" had already been shot in France, the budget to reproduce them in the US version was greatly reduced. In late 1979, now only publishing "National Lampoon" and "Heavy Metal", Twenty First Century Communications Inc. was renamed National Lampoon Inc., as reflected in the indicia of the December 1979 issue of "Heavy Metal".


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: After running as a monthly for its first nine years up to the December 1985 issue, the magazine dropped to a quarterly schedule (winter, spring, summer, and fall) beginning in 1986, promising an increase in length and to feature only complete (rather than serialized) stories. On 29 December 1988, film producers Daniel Grodnik and Tim Matheson filed with the SEC that their production company, Grodnick/Matheson Co., had acquired voting control of 21.3 percent of National Lampoon Inc. stock and wanted to gain management control. They were named to the company's board in January 1989, and eventually took control of the company by purchasing the ten-percent share of then chairman Matty Simmons, who departed the company. That same month, publication of "Heavy Metal" increased from a quarterly to a bi-monthly schedule, citing a thirty-percent increase in circulation. A year later, National Lampoon Inc. agreed to be acquired by J2 Communications, a home-video producer and distributor founded by James P. Jimirro, with Grodnik and Matheson staying on to run the new division. In October 1990, the buyout was completed for US$4.7 million.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Kevin Eastman, co-creator of the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", who had grown up reading "Heavy Metal", took over publication of the magazine with volume 16 in May 1992, under the name Metal Mammoth, Inc. HM Communications had published 137 issues in 15 volumes from April 1977 to March 1992.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Eastman sold the magazine to digital and music veteran David Boxenbaum and film producer Jeff Krelitz in January 2014. Eastman continued to serve as publisher of the magazine and is a minority investor in the new "Heavy Metal", which is now published by Heavy Metal Media, LLC. In 2019 Heavy Metal saw a regime change to CEO Matthew Medney, and Creative Overlord David Erwin (formerly of DC Entertainment).


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: "Heavy Metal"s high-quality artwork is notable. Work by international fine artists such as H. R. Giger, Frank Frazetta, and Esteban Maroto have been featured on the covers of various issues. Stefano Tamburini and Tanino Liberatore's "RanXerox" series debuted in the States. Terrance Lindall's illustrated version of Milton's epic poem "Paradise Lost" appeared in the magazine in 1980. Many stories were presented as long-running serials, such as those by Richard Corben, Pepe Moreno and Matt Howarth. Illustrators like Luis Royo and Alex Ebel contributed artwork over the course of their careers. An adaptation of the film "Alien" named "", written by Archie Goodwin and drawn by Walter Simonson, was published in the magazine in 1979.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: The founding editors of the American edition of "Heavy Metal" were Sean Kelly and Valerie Marchant. The founding design director was Peter Kleinman. He created the original "Heavy Metal" logo design at the request of Mogel and was responsible for the launch and art direction of the first issue. He later hired designer and letterer John Workman, who brought to the magazine a background of experience at DC Comics and other publishers.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: After two years, Mogel felt the magazine's lack of text material was a drawback, and in 1979, he replaced Kelly and Marchant with Ted White, highly regarded in the science fiction field for revitalizing "Amazing Stories" and "Fantastic" between 1968 and 1978. White, Workman, and Julie Simmons-Lynch, then associate editor, immediately set about revamping the look of "Heavy Metal", incorporating more stories and strips by American artists, including Arthur Suydam, Dan Steffan, Howard Cruse and Bernie Wrightson.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: White's main solution to the problem of adding substantive text material was a line-up of columns by four authorities in various aspects of popular culture: Lou Stathis wrote about rock music and Jay Kinney dug into underground comics, while Steve Brown reviewed new science fiction novels and Bhob Stewart explored visual media from fantasy films to animation and light shows.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In 1980, Julie Simmons-Lynch took over as editor-in-chief, and her new slant on text material was the showcasing of science fiction by well-known authors such as Robert Silverberg, John Shirley, William Gibson and Harlan Ellison. "Heavy Metal" gradually evolved into a publication featuring a handful of North American, (as well as international) contributors, such as Richard Corben, Matt Howarth, Stephen R. Bissette, Alex Ebel, John Holmstrom, Paul Kirchner, Terrance Lindall, Gray Morrow, Walt Simonson, Dan Steffan, Jim Steranko, John Shirley, Arthur Suydam, Bernie Wrightson, and Olivia De Berardinis. Later, a review section labeled "Dossier", was created by Simmons-Lynch and associate editor Brad Balfour, who came on board to handle text features by authors such as William S. Burroughs and Stephen King. "Dossier" featured short pieces by a variety of writers, and was edited first by Balfour and then by Lou Stathis, who soon replaced Balfour as an editor. Stathis continued the tradition of focusing on pop culture figures to connect the magazine to the larger hip culture context. There were also interviews with such media figures as Roger Corman, Federico Fellini, John Sayles and John Waters. Simmons-Lynch remained the editor-in-chief until 1993. Kevin Eastman had acquired the magazine the year before and became both publisher and editor after that date.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Comics writer Grant Morrison became editor in chief beginning with the April 2016 issue of the magazine. They now serve as creative advisor.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: By issue #298, Tim Seeley became editor in chief. In 2021, Joseph Illidge took over as editor in chief.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In 1981, an animated feature film was adapted from several of the magazine's serials. Made on a budget of U.S. $9.3 million and under production for three years, "Heavy Metal" featured animated segments from several different animation houses with each doing a single story segment. Another house animated the frame story which tied all the disparate stories together. Like the magazine, the movie featured a great deal of nudity and graphic violence, though not to the degree seen in the magazine; for example, its "Den" segment did not display the blatant male genitalia of its print counterpart. The film featured such SCTV talents as John Candy, Eugene Levy, Harold Ramis and Ivan Reitman. It did reasonably well in its theatrical release and soon gained a cult status, partially because of a problem with music copyrights that resulted in a delay of 15 years before the film became officially available on home video. The home video release featured different music in the opening segment (the cause of the initial home video release delay) and included a segment that was not included in the theatrical release.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: Another animated feature film called "Heavy Metal 2000", with a budget of $15 million, was released in 2000. This direct-to-video release was not based on stories from the magazine but was instead based on "The Melting Pot", a graphic novel written by Kevin Eastman and drawn by artist Simon Bisley, who based the appearance of the female protagonist after nude model and B-movie actress Julie Strain, then-wife of Kevin Eastman. Strain later lent her vocal talents to the movie, portraying the character modeled after her likeness.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: During 2008 and into 2009, reports circulated that David Fincher and James Cameron would executive produce and, each, direct two of the eight to nine segments of a new animated "Heavy Metal" feature. Kevin Eastman would also direct a segment, as well as animator Tim Miller, Zack Snyder, Gore Verbinski and Guillermo del Toro. Paramount Pictures decided to stop funding the film by August 2009 and no distributor or production company has shown interest in the second sequel, since. In 2011, filmmaker Robert Rodriguez announced at Comic-Con that he had purchased the film rights to "Heavy Metal" and planned to develop a new animated film at the new Quick Draw Studios.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: An animated 3D film entitled "", created as a sequel to H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds" and based on a story previously published in the magazine, was produced by The Tripod Group and released in Malaysia in 2012.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: On March 15, 2019, the Fincher project was released on Netflix as a reimagining titled "Love, Death & Robots".


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: On March 26, 2021, Heavy Metal announced they would be making its first moves into television with an adaptation of Blake Northcott's trilogy of novels, the "Arena Mode Saga". The first book is in active development after optioning the rights to the sci-fi thriller.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: "Heavy Metal 2000" inspired a video game sequel released in 2000, the PC action-adventure "". It was developed by Ritual Entertainment.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In 2001, Capcom released "", an arcade fighting game that later made its way to Sega's Dreamcast console. Though not based on any specific material from "Heavy Metal", it featured character designs by frequent contributor Simon Bisley and a style generally inspired by the magazine.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In June 2020, Stern Pinball and the production company Incendium announced a pinball machine commemorating the 300th issue of "Heavy Metal", featuring "Taarna" and "Cold Dead War" (2021). The made to order machine, with a playfield based on the Stern "Star Wars" release, sold for eight-thousand dollars and shipped in late 2020 along with an exclusive variant cover edition of "Heavy Metal" issue 300.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In 2021 Heavy Metal announced the launch of their podcast network featuring scripted and unscripted shows that focus on Horror, Fantasy, Sci-Fi, Comedy, and Pop-Culture.


title: Heavy Metal (magazine)

text: In June 2020, "Heavy Metal" began streaming Mathew Klickstein's interview-based, nerd-focused podcast series NERTZ, which has included such special guests as: Diablo Cody, Mark Mothersbaugh, Len Wein, and Alex Winter.


title: Scotty Kilmer

text: Scott Michael "Scotty" Kilmer is an American YouTuber, author, and auto mechanic. His self-titled YouTube channel, "Scotty Kilmer", has over 5 million subscribers and his videos have over 2 billion views.


title: Scotty Kilmer

text: Scotty Kilmer was born on October 2, 1953 in Niagara Falls, New York. At age 14, he learned to be a mechanic from his grandfather, Elmer Kilmer, who was the chief mechanic at the Texaco gas station which Scotty's father owned. He studied at York University for his undergraduate degree and then attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, receiving a master's degree in anthropology. He was in the process of working towards his Ph.D., but eventually quit due to his dissatisfaction with the university tenure system. Kilmer would then go on to become a mechanic and move to Houston in 1980. Upon the suggestion of his wife, Kilmer wrote a book, "Everyone's Guide to Buying a Used Car and Car Maintenance", originally published in 1994. Its release led Kilmer to be on the front page of the Houston Chronicle, which attracted the attention of the local CBS affiliate KHOU.


title: Scotty Kilmer

text: Before YouTube, Kilmer had a television show on KHOU titled "Crank it Up with Scotty". In this series, he showed the audience how to diagnose minor automotive mechanical problems, offered opinions on vehicle engineering, and provided solutions to low-profile problems. In 2004, "Crank It Up" earned a Regional Emmy Award for "Outstanding Interactivity"; Kilmer subsequently received an Emmy for "Best Interactive Car Talk Host." His YouTube channel is much the same, and he answers questions about car problems and the vehicle industry, and gives advice. Kilmer typically uses his customers' cars in his videos as a point of comparison or other demonstrations with various products he uses as a mechanic.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Camp Humphreys (), also known as United States Army Garrison-Humphreys (USAG-H), is a United States Army garrison located near Anjeong-ri and Pyeongtaek metropolitan areas in South Korea. Camp Humphreys is home to Desiderio Army Airfield, the busiest U.S. Army airfield in Asia, with an runway. In addition to the airfield, there are several U.S. Army direct support, transportation, and tactical units located there, including the Combat Aviation Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division. The garrison has an area of and cost US$11 billion. Camp Humphreys is the largest U.S. overseas military base, housing some 500 buildings and amenities.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 2004, an agreement was reached between the United States and South Korean governments to move all U.S. forces to garrisons south of the Han River and relocate the United States Forces Korea and United Nations Command Headquarters to Camp Humphreys. Those movements were completed in 2018, and transformed Camp Humphreys into the largest U.S. Army garrison in Asia. Under that plan, the 28,500 U.S. troop presence in South Korea was consolidated and United States Forces Korea moved from Yongsan Garrison in Seoul to Camp Humphreys. Camp Humphreys is south of the former base in Seoul and about from the Demilitarized Zone that divides North and South Korea. That puts the base about twice as far from North Korea as its predecessor, one of the main reasons for the move. While the new location moves the bulk of U.S. troops out of the range of North Korean artillery, the North Korean military has developed large caliber rockets and ballistic missiles, as well as a nuclear capability, capable of reaching Camp Humphreys.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The town of Anjeong-ri is located adjacent to the Camp Humphreys main gate. Smaller farming villages are located along the perimeter.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The installation covers an area of . As part of the Yongsan Relocation Plan, that number will grow by to .


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The immediate area around Camp Humphreys is mostly agricultural and consists mainly of rice fields. There are some rolling hills in the vicinity, but for the most part the elevations are less than . There is a small mountain range about seven miles south of Camp Humphreys, with peaks reaching 958 feet in elevation. Larger mountains are located to the northeast, east, and southwest, all within with peaks reaching to in elevation to the south and in elevation to the southeast. Urban areas are situated mostly to the northeast of the airfield. Seoul is located approximately northeast.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The Ansong River flows from the east to west toward the West Sea and passes three miles northwest of the airfield. About west of Camp Humphreys, the river widens and empties into the Asan Bay, near Koon-ni Range.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The numerous areas of water around Camp Humphreys has an effect on the weather. The abundant moisture is responsible for most of the fog and stratus which occurs in the area. This is especially true from the spring through fall.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The history of Camp Humphreys dates back to 1919, when the Japanese military built the Pyeongtaek Airfield. During the Korean War, Pyeongtaek Airfield was named K-6 after being repaired and enhanced by the U.S. Air Force to accommodate a U.S. Marine Air Group and the 614th Tactical Control Group.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 1962, the base was renamed Camp Humphreys in honor of Chief Warrant Officer Benjamin K. Humphreys, a pilot assigned to the 6th Transportation Company, who died in a helicopter accident.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 1964, Humphreys District command (later re-designated as the 23rd Direct Support Group) was activated as a separate installation command of the Eighth U.S. Army, providing all direct support, supply and maintenance, storage of all conventional ammunition in Korea, Adjutant General publications and training aides and the Eighth U.S. Army Milk Plant.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 1974, with the activation of the 19th Support Brigade, Camp Humphreys was redesignated as U.S. Army Garrison, Camp Humphreys. USAG-Camp Humphreys was still responsible for all affairs affecting personnel stationed at Camp Humphreys, but the 19th Support Command was responsible for all support activities vital to the Eighth U.S. Army and its subordinate units. Those units formerly reporting to the 23rd Direct Support Group reported to the 19th Support Command in Daegu. Only the basic functions remained with USAG Camp Humphreys.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Later, the 23rd Direct Support Group and 19th Support were renamed the 23rd Support Group and 19th Theater Army Area Command. On 17 June 1996, the United States Army Support Activity Area III (USASA Area III) was established and made responsible for the peacetime support mission for Camp Humphreys, Camp Long, Camp Eagle and U.S. Army units assigned to Suwon Airbase.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Camps Eagle and Long closed on 4 June 2010, consolidating installation support activities at Camp Humphreys.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The Daechuri Protests were a series of large protests against the South Korean and American governments' plan to expand Camp Humphreys to make it the main base for most U.S. troops in South Korea. It concluded when residents of Daechuri and other small villages near Pyeongtaek agreed to a government settlement according to which they would leave their homes in 2006 and allow the base expansion. Compensation for the land averaged 600 million won (about US$600,000) per resident.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Under a 2004 land-swap pact, the U.S. promised to gradually return a combined 170 square kilometers of land housing 42 military bases and related facilities to South Korea and move U.S. military forces from garrisons in and north of Seoul to Camp Humphreys.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: With the creation of the Installation Management Command on 24 October 2006, U.S. Army Support Activity Area III was redesignated as U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys and Area III on 15 March 2007.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: On 13 November 2007, USFK and South Korean officials conducted a groundbreaking ceremony for the expansion of Camp Humphreys. Under that plan, the 28,500 U.S. troops in South Korea would be consolidated into two regional hubs in Pyeongtaek and Daegu by 2016.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 2010, the U.S. Army announced that a tour normalization policy would gradually be introduced. Single soldiers would typically serve two-year tours, and troops who brought families would stay for three years. Previously most troops served one-year unaccompanied tours in Korea. Additional infrastructure to accommodate more families would be built.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: On 2 September 2011, U.S. and South Korean officials participated in a joint groundbreaking ceremony to mark the beginning of construction for an elementary school to accommodate 850 students and a high school to accommodate 950 students on Camp Humphreys.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: On 26 August 2013, Camp Humphreys opened a new elementary school. The new elementary school will hold kindergarten through fifth-grade classes for a total enrollment capacity of 875 students.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: As of 2017 the U.S. Army called Humphreys "the largest power projection platform in the Pacific". When the final stage of base expansion is completed about 2020, Humphreys will have tripled in size to nearly 3,500 acres, making it the largest U.S. overseas military base. To accommodate more families, up to twelve 12-story housing towers will be built. The population of Humphreys is expected to exceed 45,000. Up to 93% of the $10.7 billion expansion cost will be paid by South Korea under a 2014 Special Measures Agreement.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) is a civilian agency of the United States Department of Defense that manages all schools for military children and teenagers, as well as foreign service children and teenagers, in the United States and also overseas at American military bases worldwide.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: DoDEA currently manages four schools on Camp Humphreys. They include Humphreys Central and West Elementary Schools, Humphreys Middle School and Humphreys High School.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In 2011, construction began on a new Camp Humphreys for a central elementary and high school. In 2013, construction completed the new schools and adjacent athletic fields accommodate 1,700 students. Humphreys Central Elementary School can accommodate 850 students with the high school accommodating 950. The elementary school serves kindergarten through fifth-grade classes, the middle school serves 6th and 7th grades and the high school cover 8th through 12th grades.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Camp Humphreys is home to a 72,000 square foot concession mall, with laundry and dry cleaning services, an optical shop, domestic wireless and internet service providers, barber shop, florist, embroidery, giftware vendors and more. As of February 2020, the Main Exchange food court offers Popeyes Chicken, Taco Bell, Arby's, Burger King, Pizza Hut, Manchu Wok, Charleys Philly Steaks, Starbucks, Smoothie King, Auntie Anne's and Baskin Robbins. Pizza Hut and Popeyes also offer daily delivery service.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: There are also three shoppettes on Camp Humphreys. The Zoeckler Station shoppette is located near the main gate by the Katusa snack bar and Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut offers delivery service daily for on-post residents. Also located near this facility, across from the walk-thru gate, is laundry/dry cleaning service and a barber shop. The 3rd MI shoppette is located in the same building as Charley's Steakery, which serves a selection of sub sandwiches.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The post movie theater seats more than 550 customers and offers the latest movies in digital sound. The theater was recognized in 2011 as the "Best in the Army."


title: Camp Humphreys

text: Korea is a ration control assignment. Upon arrival, military personnel, family members and civilian employee need to get a ration control card from their local Pass and ID Office prior to shopping in an AAFES facility. Department of Defense identification cards and ration control cards are always necessary to make purchases at all AAFES facilities in South Korea.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: The Camp Humphreys Army Health Clinic provides outpatient primary care services to active duty service members and their families living in the Pyongtaek area. Patients must be enrolled in the clinic via TRICARE and assigned a primary care provider prior to scheduling appointments.


title: Camp Humphreys

text: In September 2019, the Brian D. Allgood Army Community Hospital (BAACH) completed its relocation from Yongsan. This brings the full capabilities of an Army hospital to Camp Humphreys. Major services include general medical and surgical care, adult and pediatric primary care clinics, specialty clinics, clinical services, wellness and prevention services


title: Gold as an investment

text: Of all the precious metals, gold is the most popular as an investment. Investors generally buy gold as a way of diversifying risk, especially through the use of futures contracts and derivatives. The gold market is subject to speculation and volatility as are other markets. Compared to other precious metals used for investment, gold has been the most effective safe haven across a number of countries.


title: Gold as an investment

text: Gold has been used throughout history as money and has been a relative standard for currency equivalents specific to economic regions or countries, until recent times. Many European countries implemented gold standards in the latter part of the 19th century until these were temporarily suspended in the financial crises involving World War I. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system pegged the United States dollar to gold at a rate of US$35 per troy ounce. The system existed until the 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US unilaterally suspended the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold and made the transition to a fiat currency system. The last major currency to be divorced from gold was the Swiss Franc in 2000.


title: Gold as an investment

text: Since 1919 the most common benchmark for the price of gold has been the London gold fixing, a twice-daily telephone meeting of representatives from five bullion-trading firms of the London bullion market. Furthermore, gold is traded continuously throughout the world based on the intra-day spot price, derived from over-the-counter gold-trading markets around the world (code "XAU"). The following table sets out the gold price versus various assets and key statistics at five-year intervals.


title: Gold as an investment

text: Like most commodities, the price of gold is driven by supply and demand, including speculative demand. However, unlike most other commodities, saving and disposal play larger roles in affecting its price than its consumption. Most of the gold ever mined still exists in accessible form, such as bullion and mass-produced jewelry, with little value over its fine weight — so it is nearly as liquid as bullion, and can come back onto the gold market. At the end of 2006, it was estimated that all the gold ever mined totalled .


title: Gold as an investment

text: Given the huge quantity of gold stored above ground compared to the annual production, the price of gold is mainly affected by changes in sentiment, which affects market supply and demand equally, rather than on changes in annual production. According to the World Gold Council, annual mine production of gold over the last few years has been close to 2,500 tonnes. About 2,000 tonnes goes into jewelry, industrial and dental production, and around 500 tonnes goes to retail investors and exchange-traded gold funds.


title: Gold as an investment

text: Central banks and the International Monetary Fund play an important role in the gold price. At the end of 2004, central banks and official organizations held 19% of all above-ground gold as official gold reserves. The ten-year Washington Agreement on Gold (WAG), which dates from September 1999, limited gold sales by its members (Europe, United States, Japan, Australia, the Bank for International Settlements and the International Monetary Fund) to less than 400 tonnes a year. In 2009, this agreement was extended for five years, with a limit of 500 tonnes. European central banks, such as the Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank, have been key sellers of gold over this period. In 2014, the agreement was extended another five years at 400 tonnes per year. In 2019 the agreement was not extended again.