title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: Loog Oldham's father, Andrew Loog, was a United States Army Air Force lieutenant, a New Orleanian of German descent, who served with the Eighth Air Force. Loog was killed in June 1943 when his B-17 bomber was shot down over the English Channel, and he was buried at the Ardennes American Cemetery and Memorial in Belgium. Loog Oldham's Australian-born mother, Celia Oldham, was a nurse and comptometer operator. Loog Oldham attended the Aylesbury School for Boys, Cokethorpe School in Oxfordshire, St Marylebone Grammar School and Wellingborough School in Northamptonshire.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: A self-proclaimed hustler, Loog Oldham spent teenage summers swindling tourists in French towns. His interest in the pop culture of the 1960s and the Soho coffeehouse scene led to working for Carnaby Street mod designer John Stephen and later as an assistant to then-emerging fashion designer Mary Quant. Loog Oldham became a publicist for British and American musicians and for producer Joe Meek. Among his projects were stunts publicizing both Bob Dylan (on his first UK visit) and the Beatles (for Brian Epstein) in early 1963.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In April 1963, a journalist friend recommended that Loog Oldham see a young R&B band called the Rolling Stones. Loog Oldham saw potential in the group being positioned as an "anti-Beatles"—a rougher group compared to the "cuddly moptop" image of the Beatles at that time. Loog Oldham, still a teenager, rapidly acquired a seasoned business partner (Eric Easton) and took over management of the Stones who had been informally represented by Giorgio Gomelsky. Loog Oldham had previously been business partners with Peter Meaden, first manager of the Who, but they had fallen out after getting into several fights. Loog Oldham signed recording rights to the Stones to Decca, targeting A&R head Dick Rowe, who had earlier declined to sign the Beatles.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: Loog Oldham and Eric Easton negotiated a recording contract which was very favourable to themselves. Instead of having the Stones sign directly with Decca they set up a company, Impact Sound, which retained ownership of the group's master tapes, which were then leased to an idea learned from Phil Spector. Impact Sound received a 14% royalty from Decca but paid only 6% to the Stones, out of which Loog Oldham and Eric Easton received a 25% management fee.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: Loog Oldham produced all Rolling Stones recordings from 1963 until late 1967 despite having no previous experience as a producer. According to the Rolling Stones' website, accounts regarding the value of his musical input to the Stones recordings vary "from negligible to absolute zero". Though lacking technical expertise in the studio, it is thought that Loog Oldham was good at seeing the "big picture" of the Rolling Stones' image and sound. He discovered Marianne Faithfull at a party, giving her Jagger and Richards' "As Tears Go By" to record. He also developed other studio talent with his Andrew Oldham Orchestra, in which Rolling Stones as well as London session players (including Steve Marriott on harmonica) recorded pop covers and instrumentals. As his success increased, Loog Oldham thrived on a reputation as a garrulous, androgynous gangster who wore makeup and sunglasses and relied on his bodyguard "Reg" to threaten rivals.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: Loog Oldham put an advert in the "Melody Maker" that praised The Righteous Brothers' version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" in an effort to detract attention and sales from Cilla Black's competing version.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In 1965, Loog Oldham hired Allen Klein as his business manager. On Loog Oldham's behalf Klein renegotiated the Rolling Stones' contract with Decca, excluding Loog Oldham's partner, Eric Easton. But over the next two years Loog Oldham's relations with the Stones were strained by his drug use and inattention to the group's needs. When Jagger and Richards were arrested for drug possession in 1967, instead of devising a strategy for their legal defence and public relations, Loog Oldham fled to the United States, leaving Klein to deal with the problem. Loog Oldham was forced to resign as manager of the Rolling Stones in late 1967 and sold his rights to the group's music to Allen Klein the following year.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In 1965, Loog Oldham set up Immediate Records, among the first independent labels in the UK. Among the artists that he signed and/or produced or guided were PP Arnold, Chris Farlowe, the Small Faces, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Rod Stewart, the Nice, Jimmy Page, Nico, Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Amen Corner, the McCoys, the Strangeloves, Humble Pie and Duncan Browne.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: With Arthur Greenslade he was credited as the co-writer of "Headlines", the B-side of "Ride on Baby" (IM 038), by Chris Farlowe, which was released in October 1966.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: After the Small Faces disbanded in 1969, he put together Humble Pie, featuring Steve Marriott (formerly of the Small Faces) and Peter Frampton (formerly of the Herd).


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In the 1970s and 1980s, Loog Oldham worked primarily in the United States. He produced Donovan, Gene Pitney and other artists. In the mid-1980s, he made Colombia his home after marrying Esther Farfan, a Colombian model. There he briefly worked with some Colombian bands.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: A recording by the Andrew Oldham Orchestra was rediscovered in the 1990s when the Verve used a string loop based on the orchestral arrangement of the Rolling Stones song "The Last Time" in their song "Bitter Sweet Symphony"; in the ensuing court battle, songwriting royalties for the Verve track were awarded to Allen Klein's ABKCO Records, the owner of the copyright for "The Last Time".


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: Loog Oldham co-wrote a biography of ABBA in the 1990s and three autobiographies: "Stoned" (1998), "2Stoned" (2001), and "Rolling Stoned" (2011) in which he and other music figures recount his days as a manager, producer and impresario. He was inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In 2005, Loog Oldham thanked the Scientology-linked drug rehab organisation Narconon for saving his life from his cocaine addiction. That same year, he was recruited by Steven Van Zandt to host a radio show on Van Zandt's "Underground Garage" radio channel heard in North America on Sirius Satellite Radio. Loog Oldham has a three-hour show on weekdays and a four-hour weekend show. In 2006 he collaborated with renowned Argentine musician Charly García for his album "Kill Gil", which was eventually released in a slightly reworked form in 2010. In 2008, he worked on the production of a new album by Argentine rock band Los Ratones Paranoicos.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In 2014, Loog Oldham overheard Canadian artist Ché Aimee Dorval singing backup on a friend's track he was helping to produce, and he subsequently signed her to his label. In September 2014, Loog Oldham's label released Dorval's second studio EP, "Volume One". She was also given two covers to sing on his 2013 album of Rolling Stones' songs entitled "Andrew Oldham Orchestra and Friends play the Rolling Stones Songbook Vol. 2". Dorval sang "As Tears Go By" and "Under My Thumb".


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: In 2020, he began his first lectures as a visiting Scholar at Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia, Canada.


title: Andrew Loog Oldham

text: The song "Andrew's Blues", sung by the Rolling Stones and appearing on the bootleg "Black Box" collection CD1, is a humorous if scathing evocation of Loog Oldham.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Lou Grant is an American drama television series starring Ed Asner in the title role as a newspaper editor that aired on CBS from September 20, 1977, to September 13, 1982. The third spin-off (after "Rhoda" and "Phyllis") of the sitcom "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Lou Grant" was created by James L. Brooks, Allan Burns, and Gene Reynolds.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: "Lou Grant" won 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series twice. Asner received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1978 and 1980. In doing so, he became the first person to win an Emmy Award for both Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for portraying the same character. "Lou Grant" also won two Golden Globe Awards, a Peabody Award, an Eddie Award, three awards from the Directors Guild of America, and two Humanitas Prizes.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Lou Grant works as city editor of the fictional "Los Angeles Tribune" daily newspaper, a job he takes after being fired from WJM-TV in Minneapolis at the end of the sitcom "The Mary Tyler Moore Show". (Grant mentions several times on "Mary Tyler Moore" that he had begun his career as a print journalist.)


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Given the shift from comedy to drama in this show, the nature of Grant's interactions with others is toned down. Often abrasive and overbearing in "MTM", Grant more often assumes a firm-but-fair persona in this series. References to Grant's occasional excessive drinking, which had been an ongoing comic theme on "Mary Tyler Moore", were de-emphasized on the new show. Usually shown as rumpled and carelessly dressed on "MTM", Grant is usually dressed neatly if not stylishly on the new series, wearing ties in the office and sport jackets outside.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: The rest of the main cast includes: general-assignment reporters Joe Rossi (Robert Walden) and Billie Newman (Linda Kelsey) (Kelsey joined the show in the fourth episode, replacing Rebecca Balding, who had portrayed reporter Carla Mardigian); managing editor Charles Hume (Mason Adams), an old friend of Lou's who has convinced him to move from Minneapolis to Los Angeles; assistant city editor Art Donovan (Jack Bannon); photographer Dennis Price (Daryl Anderson), usually referred to as "Animal"; and widowed, patrician publisher Margaret Jones Pynchon (Nancy Marchand), a character loosely based on a composite of real-life newspaper executives Dorothy Chandler of the "Los Angeles Times" and Katharine Graham of "The Washington Post". Recurring actors who played editors of various departments included Gordon Jump and Emilio Delgado; Peggy McCay had a recurring role as Charlie Hume's wife Marion.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Despite the show's connection with "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", none of that series' other regular characters ever appeared (or were even referred to).


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Grant never discusses his previous job in Minneapolis other than general references to having earlier lived in much colder wintertime climates. In both series, Grant mentions having worked in Detroit earlier in his career.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: The only "MTM" character ever seen on "Lou Grant" was Flo Meredith, a churlish veteran journalist (and Mary Richards' role model and honorary aunt, played by Eileen Heckart) with whom Lou had had a brief fling while in Minneapolis. However, lead actors from other MTM shows did appear in guest roles as other characters, including Jane Rose and Julie Kavner.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: The episodes often had Grant assigning Rossi and Billie to cover news stories, with the plots revealing problems experienced by the people being covered as well as the frustrations and challenges faced by the reporters as they worked to get the story. The younger reporters are frequently seen turning to Lou for guidance and mentorship over some of the hard questions and moral dilemmas they experience as they work on their stories. The series frequently delved into serious social issues, such as nuclear proliferation, mental illness, prostitution, gay rights, domestic violence, capital punishment, child abuse, rape, and chemical pollution, in addition to demonstrating coverage of breaking news stories such as fires, earthquakes, and accidents of all kinds.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: The series also undertook serious examination of ethical questions in journalism, including plagiarism, checkbook journalism, entrapment of sources, staging news photos, and conflicts of interest that journalists encounter in their work. There were also glimpses into the personal lives of the "Tribune" staff.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: When "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" ended its run, that series' co-creators and producers, James L. Brooks and Allan Burns, had a commitment to create a new show starring Ed Asner. They decided that it was easier to retain the popular Lou Grant character and make it a spinoff series. "Mary Tyler Moore" had already established that the character had a previous newspaper career. Brooks and Burns' decision to make the spinoff series a one-hour realistic drama instead of another 30-minute sitcom was influenced by the 1976 film "All the President's Men", and how that movie depicted the operation of a major newspaper.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Gene Reynolds, who was producing the TV show "M*A*S*H" at the same time, was also brought on as a co-creator and executive producer. Reynolds, Brooks and Burns had previously worked on the series "Room 222", and "Lou Grant" made occasional reference to "Walt Whitman High School", the setting of "Room 222". Gary David Goldberg was a producer for the series. The theme music "Lou Grant" was composed by Patrick Williams.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: "Lou Grant" aired on CBS from September 1977 to September 1982. A total of 114 episodes were produced. In the second half of the 1990s, in syndication, the show was carried on cable TV's A&E Network.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: "Lou Grant" won several critical honors during its run, including 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a Peabody Award, and two Humanitas Prizes.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: Asner won two Emmys for his portrayal of Grant; Marchand won an Emmy for "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series" four of the five years the series ran; Walden, Kelsey, and Adams all received multiple nominations for supporting Emmys.


title: Lou Grant (TV series)

text: The cancellation of "Lou Grant" in 1982 was controversial. Asner served two terms as president of the Screen Actors Guild, during which he voiced opposition to U.S. government policy in Central America and worked closely with Medical Aid for El Salvador. Up until his death in 2021, Asner consistently stated his position that his political views, as well as the publicity they attracted, were the root causes of the cancellation of the show. CBS denied that the cancellation had anything to do with Asner's politics, citing a fall in ratings for the last two seasons. The show's ratings had fallen from an average 19.6 rating over the previous three seasons to 16.6 in its final year, finishing the season 43rd among primetime network series.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Ángel Hernández (born August 26, 1961) is a Cuban umpire in Major League Baseball (MLB). He worked in the National League from 1991 to 1999, and has worked throughout MLB since 2000.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In July 2017, Hernández filed an ultimately unsuccessful federal lawsuit against MLB, alleging that racial discrimination kept him from being promoted to crew chief and from umpiring World Series games. He has not umpired in a World Series since the 2002 and 2005 championships.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernandez has been involved in several controversial incidents and has been criticized by players, coaches, and fans throughout his career.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández was born in Havana, Cuba. He grew up in Hialeah, Florida and began umpiring Khoury League baseball games as a teenager; his father directed the local league.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández began umpiring in the Florida State League in 1981, where he earned $900 per month (), moved to the Carolina League in 1984, was promoted to the Southern League in 1986 and earned a raise to $1,800 per month and then reached the top rung of Minor League Baseball in the American Association in 1988, where he was paid $2,200 per month ().


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In May 1991, he earned his first call-up to the Major Leagues as a substitute for a full-time umpire. Fifty-seven of his friends and family came to the ballpark to watch his debut.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández umpired in the World Series in 2002 and 2005 and the All-Star Game in 1999, 2009, and 2017. He has officiated in seven League Championship Series (2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2016), and in 12 League Division Series (1997, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021). Hernández worked Game 7 of the 2008 ALCS as an injury fill-in for Derryl Cousins. For the second half of the 2011 baseball season, Hernández was moved from the umpiring crew of Joe West to the crew of Gerry Davis.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández wore number 5 while in the National League, but the number was taken by Dale Scott when the umpires were consolidated under MLB in 2000, so Hernández took number 55. After Scott retired in 2017, Hernández regained his number 5 for the 2018 season.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In 1999 Hernández was ranked 31st out of 36 umpires in the Major League Baseball Players Association survey. He was retained for the 2000 season ahead of 13 of his National League colleagues, which the "Philadelphia Inquirer" termed one of the "surprises" of the 1999 purge.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In 2006 and 2011 he was listed as the third-worst baseball umpire in "Sports Illustrated" player polls. A 2010 ESPN survey showed that 22% of major league ballplayers asked identified Hernández as the worst umpire in the major leagues. In 2016, Hernández's lawsuit against MLB stated that MLB rated Hernández's accuracy behind the plate at 96.88 percent in 2016 (up from 92.19% in 2002), and said he did not miss any calls on the basepaths.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: During the 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, Hernández's calls at first base were overturned in 14 out of 18 video reviews, for a 78% overturn rate, exceeding the 60% overturn rate for all first-base calls by all umpires during that time period.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: On April 8, 2019, Boston University published a study on 11 seasons of Major League Baseball data, almost 4 million pitches analyzed, to determine the accuracy of balls and strikes called. The study found that Hernández performed stronger in 2018 than his average for 2008–2018. He averaged 19 incorrect calls a game, or 2.2 per inning. Even with this high error rate, compared to his peers, he performed better than others, escaping the 2018 Bottom 10 MLB list. During spring training 2019, Hernández claimed he gets four wrong calls per game. The BU study shows that his error rate is almost five times higher.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In 2020, after a dozen umpires elected to sit out the season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hernandez was made an interim crew chief.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: "The Sporting News" journalist Tom Gatto wrote in 2020 that Hernández "has earned a reputation for being one of MLB's worst umpires". Andrew Mahoney, writing for "The Boston Globe", reported that Hernández "has a reputation as one of baseball's worst umpires". Zach Braziller of "The New York Post" wrote that he was the "worst umpire in baseball."


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández was behind the plate for the final game at the original Yankee Stadium on September 21, 2008. He was umpiring at third base when Jered Weaver threw a no-hitter on May 2, 2012, and was also the third-base umpire on September 28, 2012, when Homer Bailey of the Cincinnati Reds no-hit the Pittsburgh Pirates. On May 18, 2021, Hernandez was the home plate umpire for Spencer Turnbull's no hitter against the Seattle Mariners, the only time that he has been the home plate umpire for a no hitter.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In 1998, Hernández was behind the plate for a game between the New York Mets and the Atlanta Braves the day before the All-Star break. In the 11th inning, Braves runner Michael Tucker tagged up on a fly ball to left. Hernández ruled Tucker safe, but replays showed the throw to catcher Mike Piazza beat Tucker, and that Tucker had never touched home plate. After the game, Piazza said the call was the worst he had ever seen in his baseball career. Other Mets opined that Hernández may have been in a hurry to get the game over with so they could all start their break.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: On August 7, 2001, Hernández was the home plate umpire for a game between the Chicago Cubs and the Colorado Rockies at Wrigley Field. In the bottom of the 6th inning, Hernández controversially called Cubs infielder Ron Coomer out at the plate. Former Chicago Bears defensive tackle Steve McMichael, who was visiting the Cubs television booth and who was the guest singer for Take Me Out to the Ball Game during the seventh-inning stretch, told those in attendance over the PA system that he would "have some speaks" with Hernández after the game, presumably because of Hernández's call against Coomer. A visibly angry Hernández was shown on camera glaring at McMichael from the field. McMichael was subsequently ejected from the ballpark; it was initially thought that Hernández had ordered the ejection. It later emerged that crew chief Randy Marsh had ordered the ejection, threatening to stop the game unless McMichael was removed from the ballpark. Later, the umpires received an apology from then-Cubs general manager Andy MacPhail for McMichael's conduct.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: On July 17, 2006, when Hernández served as the third-base umpire for a game between the Dodgers and Diamondbacks, he ejected Dodgers' first-base coach Mariano Duncan. When Duncan came out of the dugout to argue the ejection, he tossed his cap to the ground in anger. After Duncan was removed from the field, Hernández picked up the cap and tossed it to a fan in the stands. The next day, Duncan taped his cap to his head before delivering the Dodgers' lineup to the umpires. Duncan was suspended for two games and fined by Major League Baseball as a result of the incident.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: On May 8, 2013, Hernández served as the crew chief for a game between the Oakland Athletics and the Cleveland Indians. In the ninth inning, he and two other umpires ruled a long hit by the Athletics' Adam Rosales was a double following a video review, although the ball hit a railing above the top of the wall. Oakland's manager Bob Melvin argued the call and Hernández ejected him. The Athletics lost the game 4–3. MLB later acknowledged that the hit should have been called a home run but said that it was too late to overturn it. Several umpires argued that the replay system did not provide clear enough pictures and the system was later changed.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In August 2017, Detroit Tigers second baseman Ian Kinsler was fined $10,000 by MLB for saying that Hernández was a bad umpire who "needs to find another job."


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: On October 8, 2018, Hernández was the first-base umpire for Game 3 of the 2018 American League Division Series between the Yankees and Red Sox. Four out of five plays that he called at first base which were submitted for video review were overturned. TBS analyst and Hall of Famer Pedro Martínez said after the game: "Angel was horrible. Don't get me going on Angel now. Major League Baseball needs to do something about Angel. It doesn't matter how many times he sues Major League Baseball. He's as bad as there is." Pitcher CC Sabathia said: "I don’t understand why he’s doing these games...He’s always bad. He’s a bad umpire." Hernández declined to comment after the game, a blowout win for the Red Sox, but MLB issued a statement through a spokesperson: "There were several very close calls at first base tonight and we are glad that instant replay allowed the umpiring crew to achieve the proper result on all of them."


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: MLB removed Hernández as acting crew chief after accusing him of eavesdropping on an MLB investigative call in July 2019, which focused on Hernández's 20-minute game delay due to umpire confusion over league rules. Hernández did not hang up his phone when his interview ended, and instead continued listening to the subsequent questioning of another umpire that he knew was intended to be separate. Joe Torre, MLB's chief baseball officer, wrote him: "Simply put, we find your asserted justifications for remaining on the line to be implausible, internally inconsistent, premised on facts that are incorrect and not credible... we have concluded that you remained on the line in an effort to intentionally and deceptively eavesdrop on a confidential conversation in order to hear what [umpire] Hickox would say... This is an egregious offense." Hernández was also chastised for asking pitcher Homer Bailey for 11 autographed baseballs after Bailey's no-hitter, for making three incorrect calls that were later overturned on the basis of video replay in the first four innings of Game 3 of the 2018 ALDS, and for angrily throwing his headset during a different game when his call was overturned by replay.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In July 2017, Hernández filed a federal lawsuit against MLB, alleging that racial discrimination led to his being overlooked for World Series games and crew chief promotions. He also cited a longstanding feud with Chief Baseball Officer Joe Torre, dating back to Torre's managerial career. Hernández asserted that before Torre's arrival in 2011, Hernández's evaluations were consistently positive, but since then evaluations had turned neutral or negative. Nearly a week after he filed the suit, Hernández was named to the 2017 All-Star Game; he was also selected as first-base umpire for the 2017 and 2018 American League Division Series. In September 2018, the case was moved from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in New York City, where Major League Baseball is headquartered.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In March 2021, United States District Judge J. Paul Oetken granted a summary judgment in MLB's favor, writing, "The court concludes that no reasonable juror could find that MLB's stated explanation is a pretext for discriminatory motive," and "The evidence shows beyond genuine dispute that an umpire's leadership and situation management carried the day in MLB's promotion decisions."


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: In 2015, Hernández returned to Cuba for the first time since he left, to spread the ashes of his father. A few months later, he returned to umpire the first game in the country involving an MLB team since 1999.


title: Ángel Hernández (umpire)

text: Hernández does charity work for disabled children, including hosting a celebrity golf tournament every year. He lives in Loxahatchee, Florida.


title: Daji

text: Daji () was the favourite consort of King Zhou of Shang, the last king of the Shang dynasty in ancient China. In legends and fictions, she is portrayed as a malevolent fox spirit who kills and impersonates the real Daji. Her identification as a fox spirit seems to have originated from at least the Tang dynasty. These accounts have been popularized in works such as the (), the , and the . She is considered a classic example of how a beautiful femme fatale can cause the downfall of a dynasty in Chinese culture.


title: Daji

text: In the Song dynasty, fox spirit cults, including those dedicated to Daji, became outlawed, but their suppression was unsuccessful. For example, in 1111, an imperial edict was issued for the destruction of many spirit shrines within Kaifeng, including those of Daji.


title: Daji

text: Daji was from a noble family of Yousu (); her style name is Da (), and her clan name is Ji (). Hence, she is also known as Su Da Ji or Da Ji in ancient sources. At some time during his early reign, King Zhou of Shang invaded Yousu and took Daji as his prize.


title: Daji

text: King Zhou became extremely infatuated with Daji and started to neglect state affairs in order to keep her company. He used any means necessary to ingratiate himself with her and please her. Daji liked animals, so he built her a zoological garden with several rare species of birds and animals. In addition, he ordered musicians to compose and choreograph lewd music to satisfy her musical tastes. He also constructed his "pond of alcohol" and "forest of meat" specifically for Daji. At one point, King Zhou gathered 3000 guests to his wine lake. He allowed the guests to play the cat and mouse game nude in the forest to amuse Daji. When one of King Zhou's concubines, the daughter of Lord Jiu, protested, King Zhou had her executed. Her father was ground in pieces, and his flesh fed to King Zhou's vassals.


title: Daji

text: Daji also enjoyed torture and executions, and would reportedly laugh at every execution. According to stories, she also appeared to be quick to torture. At one point, she noticed a farmer walking across ice barefoot, and so she ordered his feet cut off to understand why he was resistant to low temperatures. In another story, Daji had a pregnant woman's belly cut open so that she could find out herself what happened inside. Bi Gan, King Zhou's uncle, reportedly received an unfortunate end at Daji's hands by having his heart cut out and examined to determine if the ancient saying of "a good man's heart has seven apertures" was true.


title: Daji

text: Daji was best known for her invention of a method of torture known as the Bronze Toaster (). This is described as a bronze cylinder covered with oil heated like a furnace with charcoal beneath until its sides were extremely hot. The victim was forced to walk on top of the slowly heating cylinder, and he was forced to shift his feet in order to not burn. The oily surface made it difficult for the victim to maintain their balance, and if the victim fell into the charcoal below, they would be burnt to death.


title: Daji

text: Daji was executed on the orders of King Wu of Zhou after the fall of the Shang dynasty on the advice of Jiang Ziya. The Grand Historian, Sima Qian, only briefly mentions Daji and her execution, that King Zhou had listened only to Daji, and that she was killed after King Zhou. According to Han scholar Liu Xiang's Biographies of Exemplary Women, following her death, her head was hung on a small white flag to symbolize how she had become the downfall of the dynasty. She had become King Wu's excuse for taking over the kingdom, and, as such, the government was renewed following her death. Other sources state that she committed suicide by strangulation.


title: Daji

text: From the Southern and Northern Dynasties period on, Daji was believed to be an incarnation of a nine-tailed fox.


title: Daji

text: Daji had many shrines associated with her in fox form. The shrines dedicated to her were considered illicit cults and as such, banned.


title: Daji

text: While not related directly to one source, the creation of foot binding is associated with Daji as well. It is said that Daji created foot binding to hide her fox feet. As the other women did not know why she wrapped her feet, the other ladies at court imitated her.


title: Daji

text: Daji is featured in the Chinese novel as a major antagonist. She was the first featured corrupter of the declining Shang dynasty in the novel. She was summoned by Nu Wa, the celestial sovereign, to destroy King Zhou. In return, Nu Wa promised immortality after her mission was finished (Harvard wku). In , she was a daughter of Su Hu (); in the early chapters, she was killed by a thousand-year-old vixen spirit who possessed her body before becoming a concubine of King Zhou. Her father Su Hu gave her to King Zhou of Shang as an appeasement offer after armed conflict broke out between Su's and Shang military forces.


title: Daji

text: One night before, Daji was sent to the capital city of Zhaoge, and she was possessed by an evil nine-tailed fox spirit (aka Thousand-Year-Old Vixen). When Daji arrived in Zhaoge, she became the center of attention of King Zhou and caused the king to be extremely obsessed with her. King Zhou neglected state affairs to keep her company and ignored the advice of his subjects. Yunzhongzi was the first man to act against Daji by giving the king a magical peach-wood sword which would make Daji ill and kill her eventually. She rose above the ranks from a minor concubine to become the queen based on the king's favouritism towards her.


title: Daji

text: Daji was blamed for the fall of the Shang dynasty by corrupting King Zhou and causing him to neglect state affairs and rule with tyranny and despotism. This ultimately led to the dynasty's decline and widespread chaos. King Zhou's tyranny incurred the anger and resentment of the common people, who eventually rose up in revolt against him under King Wu of Zhou's leadership. After the fall of the Shang dynasty, Daji was exorcised by Jiang Ziya (aka Jiang Taigong) and died eventually.


title: Daji

text: In , Daji is paranoid about others finding out her secret of being a fox. As such, she escalates to violence and kills until the king is the only one who does not know. In most literature involving Daji, there is some reason as to why she cannot be killed in human form since she is too beautiful. In , a magical weapon is required to kill her. In , a mirror is used to expose and destroy her. In this piece of literature, Daji's true form was a nine-tailed fox with a woman's face.


title: Daji

text: In , a Ming dynasty novel, Daji is a fox spirit who leaves heaven. She was unhappy after her time on earth, so she left again for the earth to make a fox kingdom.


title: Bob Burns (drummer)

text: Robert Lewis Burns Jr. (November 24, 1950 – April 3, 2015) was an American drummer in the original line-up of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd.


title: Bob Burns (drummer)

text: Burns was born in Gainesville, Florida, on November 24, 1950. He helped to form Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1964 with Ronnie Van Zant, Gary Rossington, Allen Collins and Larry Junstrom and remained until 1974, although by some accounts he left the band for a while during the early 1970s. Burns played on the band's early recordings, but on the album "Skynyrd's First and... Last," a collection of early demos made in Muscle Shoals, the drum parts of some songs recorded in 1971 were played by Rickey Medlocke. That album also contains songs recorded in 1972 which feature Burns on drums, suggesting that Burns left the band in 1971 and had returned by 1972. During a brief period in the early 1970s, Medlocke occasionally played alongside Burns on drums for live shows, a two-drummer line-up similar to The Allman Brothers Band.


title: Bob Burns (drummer)

text: In addition to "Skynyrd's First And... Last", Burns played on the band's first two official albums: "(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)" and "Second Helping". He had a mental breakdown while on a European tour and left the band in 1974.


title: Bob Burns (drummer)

text: In 1996, he participated in a performance to promote "Freebird: The Movie". On March 13, 2006, he rejoined Lynyrd Skynyrd for one performance as he played alongside Gary Rossington, Billy Powell, Ed King, Artimus Pyle and The Honkettes at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction.


title: Bob Burns (drummer)

text: Burns died on April 3, 2015, in a single car crash after hitting a mailbox and tree on a sharp curve in Cartersville, Georgia, shortly after leaving his home.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) is a Chilean public service broadcaster. It was founded by order of President Eduardo Frei Montalva and it was launched nationwide on 18 September 1969. Since then, the company has been reorganized on several occasions and its operations areas have increased over the years, becoming one of the leading television broadcaster in Chile and South America. The law 17 377 of 1970 established that TVN must be a public, autonomous, pluralistic and representative public service. TVN's public mission determines the obligation to promote the national cultural identity, the values of democracy, human rights, care for the environment and respect for diversity. Furthermore, Televisión Nacional governs the programming of its services according to criteria established by the National Television Council (CNTV).


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional has been a pioneer in introducing technological advances in Chile. It was the first television network to have national coverage, satellite broadcast, colour television, stereo sound and high-definition television. Several of their soap operas have reached the highest ratings in the history of Chilean television, and are recognized both in that country and abroad for their social content, realism and settings, while its news programs have been crucial in catastrophes such as the 2010 earthquake and aftermath, when TVN news teams arrived in the affected areas before the National Army and government authorities. Currently, TVN has higher pluralism in their programmes and the second most credible television news brand in the country.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Its headquarters are located in Providencia, Santiago Metropolitan Region and it employs 638 total staff. Furthermore, TVN has nine additional television centres in the country. The company is directed through a chairperson appointed by the President of the Republic, which has a duration of four years, synchronized with the presidential period. The other six members of the board of directors are appointed three times per period in an agreement between the Senate and the President of the Republic for eight years. To them, a seventh member is added who is chosen democratically by the staff. Currently, the chairperson of Televisión Nacional de Chile is Andrea Fresard, while the executive director and legal representative is Alfredo Ramírez.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional is the only publicly-owned television company in Chile and competes with other private broadcasting networks, having a self-financing scheme based mainly on its advertising sales that it has preserved since its inception and later regulated by Act 19,132 of 1992. TVN, under Act 20,694 of 2013, can fulfill the tasks of the exploitation of television services and the production of audiovisual or broadcasting content, as well as acting as a concessionaire of telecommunications services. Additionally, it is affiliated with the "Asociación Nacional de Televisión" or "Anatel" (National Association of Television) and the Council of Self-Regulation and Advertising Ethics, among others.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The origins of television in Chile take ground after the promulgation of the television law 7,039 on 28 October 1958, which was the first legislation of its kind in that country. This regulation was decreed and implemented by the government of then President Jorge Alessandri in view of the need to regulate the only three existing channels in the national territory: Canal 13, Canal 9 and UCV Television, which at that time were university property and therefore were private broadcasters.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The essential needs of owning a channel belonging to the Chilean State took relevance from the 1960s, as the great challenge that the government of Eduardo Frei Montalva wanted to face, believing ideally, the existence of a public television station with national coverage, capable of transmitting in a territory of large geographical features. To this end, a limited liability company was created whose original partners were the entrepreneurship agency CORFO, the production company Chilefilms and Entel, all of which were public companies at the time, establishing Televisión Nacional de Chile on 31 January 1969 through the telecommunications trunk network of that country and a series of test transmissions that remained until several years later.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The first regional station established by Televisión Nacional de Chile was Arica's channel 7, with the support of the Board of Advancement of Arica ("Junta de Adelanto de Arica"), initiating its broadcast on 11 December 1968 with provisional studios located in the Edificio Plaza and its transmitter located then in the Morro de Arica. It was officially inaugurated on the same day by President Eduardo Frei Montalva, counting only on programming relayed from Santiago. Subsequently, on 1 February 1969, the broadcast of channel 6 of Punta Arenas began with an inauguration attended by President Eduardo Frei Montalva, as well as the Intendant of Magallanes, Mateo Martinic. The day before, 31 January, was the day TVN was official incorporated as a public enterprise, it is still marked as the birthday of the network.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: On 21 May 1969, Talca began to receive TVN broadcasts on channel 10 directly from Santiago, although the Santiago channel would not be officially inaugurated until some months later. On 15 July 1969, the broadcast of channel 6 of Antofagasta were officially inaugurated, making some local programs and receiving programming from Santiago with some days of delay. Finally, on 18 September of that year, on Independence Day, TVN in Santiago on channel 7 signed on to cover Independence Day celebrations, and is still the flagship station, providing network-produced live coverage of national events, which are occasionally simulcast by other stations nationwide. This channel had previously and experimentally broadcast Chile's matches in the Davis Cup that year, the presidential message to Congress of 21 May (Navy Day) and the arrival of man on the Moon that July.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Regular broadcasts of Televisión Nacional began officially in Santiago on Independence Day, on 18 September 1969, covering 6 of the 25 provinces of the national territory at the time, and having stable programming with more than twelve hours of daily broadcast, although unlike what was expected, operating under the model of subsidiaries or associated channels in the provinces. Initially, the first studios of the new network were concentrated in a house leased to the family of the poet Vicente Huidobro, located at the intersections of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Avenue (Alameda) and San Martín Street, near the Torre Entel. They later moved to one side of the Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral and finally, the then-new permanent studios were inaugurated on 20 August 1970 in Providencia.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The expansion of the main signal was carried out in Iquique on 23 May 1970 on channel 10, while on 2 July, TVN was launched in Calama and Chuquicamata, also on channel 10. In August of the same year, the expansion of the network included Valdivia on channel 3, Osorno on channel 5, Puerto Montt on channel 4, and Ancud on channel 7. Subsequently, its expansion would reach new locations, such as Coyhaique on 21 May 1971, La Serena and Coquimbo on channel 4 in June 1972, and Castro on channel 10 in early 1973. TVN, already positioned as a means of information at the beginning of that decade, had to be ordered by Law 17,377 of 1970, which provided legal recognition to the station and making it "public", since Law 7039 of 1958 did not contemplate this.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Originally, the network's mission was to be a pluralistic and independent media of the current government, which was intended to "integrate, inform, entertain and give culture to the Chilean family", as proposed the Ministry of Education and the group of professionals who directed TVN. In later years, the governments of President Salvador Allende initially and later dictator, Augusto Pinochet, used the channel as means of spreadding propaganda and political ideology to support to their governments and ideologies.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: On 11 September 1973, after the coup d'état in the morning, Televisión Nacional did not start broadcasting during the day and the studios were closed for three days. There was also an assault on the headquarters, where abundant amounts of audiovisual material were burned by the military, including a large part of the records of the first years of broadcast. During the three days it was closed, Canal 13 decided to occupy TVN's national network, because it was the only one authorized to broadcast after the coup d'état. After resuming the broadcast, it became the official television network of the new military dictatorship with informative management and strong control in the programming, granting advantage in audiences to Canal 13 news programme "Teletrece", which was considered "more liberal".


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The first experimental colour-broadcast in Chile was developed by Televisión Nacional in the final night of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival on 6 February 1978. However, Decree 480, which was in force since 10 September 1976, restricted the import of colour television sets. This regulation, promulgated by Augusto Pinochet, was abolished on 10 April of that year, with the promulgation of a new resolution, ending the restrictions and therefore officially beginning broadcasts in color, adopting the NTSC format from the United States as the official system. At the time of the authorization and start-up, a large part of the network's programming was already in place and programmes such as "La cafetera voladora" were fully developed with this technology. This allowed the use of innumerable special effects. It astonished the children of the time and could extend until 1982, setting a precedent in the production of programmes of this type in Chile.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Throughout the 1980s, Televisión Nacional grows with diverse programmes and technological advances. It became the first Chilean television network to broadcast its programming via satellite, released its second channel in 1987, and inaugurated its international service in 1989. However, despite all the technical achievements, the company is criticized for its newscast, "60 Minutos", by misrepresenting the news and information that every day reverberated society during this period.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: In addition to the loss of credibility, prestige and audience, this led to the reorganization and rethinking the mission and identity of Televisión Nacional at times of political instability in Chile, as the last months of the regime were being developed, therefore, in democracy, the company seeks to be reformed and the new government authorities were prepared to make all kinds of changes.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: With the arrival of the 1990s and the return to democracy, under the mandate of President Patricio Aylwin, he decreed the second Law of Television 19,132 of 1992. This was debated widely between the government and opposition, consecrating to the publicly-owned network like an autonomous company with legal personality in its own right and establishing that its assets must be managed by a board of directors, in whose designation are involved are the President of the Republic and the Senate, as well as a representative of the staff.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: This legislation sought to transform TVN into a media, autonomous, pluralistic and representative, achieving the original objective proposed at the outset of a programmatic content impartiality trying to have an independence from the government. Another factor was the complementation of a self-financing system, not receiving public funds. Subsequently, the second channel, Canal 9, was acquired by businessman Ricardo Claro and converted into Red Televisiva Megavisión (Mega).


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: With the new organisation model, TVN achieves major accomplishments, such as the creation of new regional television centres, the creation of the online service, "TVN.cl", in 1998, the first experimental broadcast in high definition in 1999, and a complete remodeling the Santiago headquarters in 2000, whose first stage was inaugurated in 2002 and the second stage in 2005.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: TVN received the so-called "new millennium" with the special program "2000 Hoy" (2000 today) that was broadcast in various segments during the day of December 31, 1999 and featured the participation of various faces of the channel. The space broadcast live the arrival of the year 2000 from different parts of the world and during the night after the message on the national network by President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, a musical show was broadcast from the center of Santiago to await the new year in Chile. Since then, the success of the channel continued at the end of the 1990s and with the arrival of 2000, several programs became popular, such as the telenovela Romané, which obtained 50 audience points in its final episode. Additionally, that year it also broadcast the 2000 Sydney Olympics.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: On the afternoon of December 19, 2000, the resignation of René Cortázar from his position as executive director was announced, after a controversy surrounding the episode "La CIA en Chile" of the Informe Especial program that detailed the intervention of the Central Agency of US intelligence during the government of President Salvador Allende. Before the broadcast, some board members asked the executive director to intervene. Cortázar requested modifications in the program to the press director, Jaime Moreno, but the latter refused and finally the program was broadcast in its entirety in November of that year. This caused the abrupt departure of René Cortázar, despite the fact that during his tenure in his last year, TVN experienced a period of economic prosperity with profits in excess of three billion pesos.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: With diverse programmes, Televisión Nacional de Chile has produced and created its own spaces, as well as in association with various production companies. In addition, it has broadcast information, fiction, foreign content and sporting events since its inception. Every day the nationwide channel starts its broadcasts with the news programme "24 AM", followed by a space that occupies a large part of the morning programming; During the afternoon two main news programmes are broadcast, "24tarde" at 1:00pm and "24 horas central" at 9:00pm, where the last one is considered as the flagship evening news.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The soap operas and series of own production or of foreign origin have usually occupied since the beginning of the channel, the afternoon schedule, however, also since 2004, TVN has broadcast soap operas at night. Additionally, in the afternoon, apart from the dramas, programmes such as "Rojo" are broadcast. In the evening, after "24 horas central", the weather forecast is broadcast on "TV Tiempo" and then programmes or soap operas. Next, the midnight newscast "Medianoche" is broadcast. During the weekends, cultural, children's or political discussion programmes such as "El informante" and "Estado nacional" are presented.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The news from Chile and the world are presented under the brand "24 horas" since 1990, with several daily editions, and all the news programmes are part of the 24-hours news channel Canal 24 horas that breaks into the national channel's usual programming in an emergency, delivering news bulletins, including live broadcast during earthquakes. Previously the news carried the name of "Telediario", "Martini al instante", "Noticiero", "60 minutos", "TVNoticias", and finally "Noticias" before its current name.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Some special programmes that are broadcast by TVN on an annual basis or from time to time, are the presidential debates that are organized by the National Television Association, general elections, special events, the messages of the President of the Republic and also the televised fundraising event Teletón, usually at the end of each year, along with other channels of Chilean television. Another activity that is covered annually is the pyrotechnic and musical show of the new year's celebrations in Valparaíso. Previously, celebrations in Santiago were issued in past decades.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional has been the official network of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival from 1971 to 1993, between 2007 and 2010, and again since 2019; the Festival del Huaso de Olmué from 1989 to 1990, and again since 2014; the Fiesta de la Independencia de Talca since 2016 and also in past decades broadcast the OTI Festival. Some sporting events that are and have been displayed on TVN are the Summer Olympic Games and some Winter editions, the FIFA World Cup, the Copa América, the Santiago Marathon, and in the past until the Formula 1, among other events.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The network broadcasts the Great Military Parade of Chile, a parade that takes place every year in Chile on 19 September in O'Higgins Park in Santiago. The broadcast achieves high audience ratingsm in conjunction with other television channels, but especially in TVN, because it is the channel that makes the television production of the event.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Among its signals is considered a main channel of free reception which transmits by satellite to several repeaters that are located in Chilean territories, having a reach of 98% of the population. It also has nine regional channels with its own production centres, an international service called TV Chile; the news channel Canal 24 Horas and its internet counterpart 24Play; online presence with several sites and the music label TVN Records.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The official headquarters of Televisión Nacional de Chile are located in Providencia, Santiago Metropolitan Region. The complex is the home of the national channel, the internet and worldwide services, music label and Fox Sports Chile. Inaugurated in 1970, the renovation of the building began in 1999, and was completed in 2005. On 1 December 2004, the station suffered a fire due to an electrical failure. The incident caused the interruption of the main channel for one hour. There were no injuries and four fire companies controlled the fire.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The centre is familiar with many Chilean citizens and is currently a site visited by tour guides. Within the enclosure there is an esplanade known as "Patio de las Comunicaciones", which is occasionally used for corporate events and television programmes. The complex also includes 3 studios for the drama area, a centre for domestic, global and online news divisions and the sports area, a video editing room, auditorium, warehouses of props, file of documentation, a cafeteria, dressing rooms of artists and technical staff, technical areas, office areas for the board of directors, general management, general secretary, administration and finance, press, as well as 2 levels of underground car parks.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional de Chile has production centres with newsrooms and studios in Antofagasta, Copiapó, La Serena, Valparaíso, Rancagua, Talca, Concepción, Temuco and Punta Arenas. In addition has a commercial office in Arica y Parinacota Region.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: From 1970 to 1973, the network had a mascot named "Tevito", accompanied by "Charagua" as characteristic music that was composed by Víctor Jara and performed by Inti-Illimani. After the coup d'état on 11 September 1973, "Tevito" was suddenly removed from the advertisements, several video tapes where it appeared were destroyed by the Chilean Army, and finally, it was replaced by other characters. However, "Tevito" was again used symbolically on 11 March 1990, on the day of the presidential inauguration of Patricio Aylwin. Currently, "Charagua" in Chile is usually related to Televisión Nacional as "de facto" institutional theme.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: "Tevito" was a smiling cartoon dog personified in various ways. Sometimes, he was a boxer, sometimes he wore reading glasses, and also disguised himself as a vampire. He played the "trutruca", a typical instrument of the Mapuche indigenous people of southern Chile. More often, "Tevito", in the manner of a chinchinero, carried on his back a bass drum carrying the first network logo with both long mallets hitting the drum, with a set of suspended cymbals similar to a drum kit on top of the drum. The character was created by Carlos González, a student of the Fine Arts Institute in Santiago, Chile, whose drawing won the competition among six other submissions. Since then "Tevito" become part of the Chilean popular culture.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: "Ito e Ita" was the second mascot of TVN. It debuted in 1974 and remained on screen until 1978 with the arrival of color television, they were usually accompanied by music from the band Los Huasos Quincheros.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: In 1979 a third mascot designed for colour broadcast named "Conejito TV", was presented. "Conejito TV" remained until 1984 and was usually accompanied by Gabriela Velasco.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: In 1987, it was presented a mascot that consisted of a green extraterrestrial without name. The extraterrestrial was finally baptized as "Clorofilo", in reference to the green chlorophyll, after a contest. Finally, "Clorofilo" was removed from the screen in mid-1988 and since then they have not used characters of that type as mascots.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Televisión Nacional de Chile has a corporate identity based on the promotion and strengthening of the Chilean culture. Since its inception, the colours of the national flag have been used mostly to identify the company in their logos, such as the current one where the red colour predominates.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The original logo, which made its debut on 18 September 1969, featured a "screen" with the borders corresponding with the colors of the Chilean flag. Inside the "screen", it has the TV Chile typograph (unrelated to the TV Chile international service), but the texts "T" and "Chile" were initially black before switching to blue on 6 February 1978, corresponding with the arrival of colour television. The colors on the "screen" border were modified and the gap between the colors became wider, along with the "V" going separate from the "T" and "Chile".


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: On 1 April 1984, the logo was replaced with an "N" with Chilean flag color ribbons, before a modified version of the 1978 logo returned 3 years later. It first appeared on TVN's news programs in 1987. The modified logo featured a different shade of blue along the "screen" border, and "Chile" had a more condensed font. The 1984 design continued to be the secondary logo until January 1988. When TV Chile launched in 1989, it had the same logo as TVN. The design continued to be used until 1990, but between 11 March and 21 November, the borders of the "screen" were changed to rainbow, and the text "Chile" was light blue. Prior to this, the modified logo's red and blue stripes were also swapped.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: The 1990 design, launched on 23 November 1990, ditched the "screen" with the TV typograph in black text, and "Chile" was replaced with a stripe of the Chilean colors. A modified version, launched on 2 June 1993, replaced the text color from black to grey, along with a more italicised look and a lighter blue colour stripe, and on 1 September 1996, it added the letter "N", and the white stripe was removed, leaving only the blue and red stripes. The aforementioned stripes were also changed to be lighter.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: A transitional logo, still keeping the 1996 logo, was introduced in late 2003. This would be the predecessor of the 2004 logo, as it featured the white TVN logo inside a red square.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: On 4 January 2004, the 1996 design was replaced with the "red square" logo, featuring the TVN typograph inside a red square. A modified version was introduced on 9 August 2016, with rounded edges. Prior to its debut as its corporate logo, the ""cuadrado rojo"" (red square) was a symbol that debuted in September 1994, and since then, it began to be used progressively in the advertising and in 2001, it was used for the first time on-screen to show the content rating system. Since then, it began to draw attention, and in January 2004, it ended up becoming the corporate logo.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

text: Since its release, the "red square" has influenced the logos and graphics of all brands of Televisión Nacional. In October 2020, the red square was removed, leaving just the TVN typograph in a red colour. However, it also featured a separate blue-coloured logo.


title: Pillow

text: A pillow is a support of the body at rest for comfort, therapy, or decoration. Pillows are used in different variations by many species, including humans. Some types of pillows include throw pillows, body pillows, decorative pillows, and many more. Pillows that aid sleeping are a form of bedding that supports the head and neck. Other types of pillows are designed to support the body when lying down or sitting. There are also pillows that consider human body shape for increased comfort during sleep. Decorative pillows used on people, couches or chairs are sometimes referred to as cushions.


title: Pillow

text: In contemporary western culture, pillows consist of a plain or patterned fabric envelope (known as a pillowcase) which contains a soft stuffing, typically synthetic and typically standardized in sizes and shape. Pillows have been historically made of a variety of natural materials and many cultures continue to use pillows made from natural materials in the world.


title: Pillow

text: The word "pillow" comes from Middle English "pilwe", from Old English "pyle" (akin to Old High German "pfuliwi") and from Latin "pulvinus". The first known use of the word "pillow" was before the 12th century.


title: Pillow

text: Though the exact origin is unknown, use of pillows evolved in animals well into prehistory, the earliest examples including reptiles and mammals resting their heads on themselves, and one another, to support the head and neck. Animals, including humans, evolved use of inanimate objects in their nests out of wood and stone as pillows. Since domestication, many animals have also learned to make use of human-made pillows and cushions, as well as to rest on members of their own and other species, for this purpose.


title: Pillow

text: Sometime between 5 and 23 million years ago tree-dwelling great apes began building sleeping platforms, including wooden pillows, to improve their sleep. According to studies on chimpanzees that sleep up to eight to nine hours a night using specifically selected ironwood pillows, sturdy pillows enabled great apes to escape being hunted by night predators and not fall out of the trees while asleep. It is likely that this was necessitated by the evolution of large, energy-consuming brains. Though it may also have led to longer periods of REM sleep, that in turn increased their cognitive capacity.


title: Pillow

text: The earliest recorded use of the modern human device dates back to the civilizations of Mesopotamia around 7,000 BC. During this time, only the wealthy used pillows. The number of pillows symbolized status so the more pillows one owned the more affluence they held. Pillows have long been produced around the world in order to help solve the reoccurring problem of neck, back, and shoulder pain while sleeping. Besides for comfort, the pillow was also used for keeping bugs and insects out of people's hair, mouth, nose, and ears while sleeping.


title: Pillow

text: Pillow use has been associated with the mummies and tombs of ancient Egypt during the 11th dynasty, dating to 2055–1985 B.C. Ancient Egyptian pillows were wooden or stone headrests. These pillows were mostly used by placing them under the heads of the deceased because the head of a human was considered to be the essence of life and sacred.


title: Pillow

text: The Romans and Greeks of ancient Europe mastered the creation of the softer type pillow. These pillows were stuffed with reeds, feathers, and straw in order to make them softer and more comfortable. Only upper-class people typically owned these softer pillows; however, all classes of people were allowed to use some type of pillow while sleeping, lying down or sitting in order to give them support. People in ancient Europe started to use pillows when going to church in order to kneel on while praying and to place holy books on. This is a tradition that still lives on today. In addition, the Romans and Greeks used their pillows by placing them under the head of those deceased just like the ancient Egyptians did.


title: Pillow

text: Chinese pillows were traditionally solid, though sometimes used with a softer fabric over them. Over many Chinese dynasties, pillows were made from a wide range of materials including bamboo, jade, porcelain, wood, and bronze. Ceramic pillows became the most popular. The use of the ceramic pillow first appeared in the Sui Dynasty between 581 and 618 while mass production appeared in the Tang Dynasty between 618 and 907. The Chinese decorated their pillows by making them different shapes and by painting pictures of animals, humans, and plants on them. One common type of pottery used was Cizhou ware. Chinese ceramic pillows reached their peak in terms of production and use during the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties between the 10th and 14th century, but slowly phased out during the Ming and Qing dynasties between 1368 and 1911 with the emergence of better pillow making materials.


title: Pillow

text: Pillows consist of a filler material enclosed in a fabric cover or shell. Covers are made of cloth, such as silk, known as the pillow case or pillow slip. Some pillows have a fancier cover called a "sham" which is closed on all sides and usually has a slit in the back through which the pillow is placed. Rectangular standard bed pillow cases usually do not have zippers, but instead, have one side open all the time. Often, a zippered pillow protector is often placed around standard pillows with the case in turn covering the protector.


title: Pillow

text: Fillers are chosen on the basis of comfort, resilience, thermal properties, cost and also for medical and ethical reasons. The most common synthetic fillers are materials derived from polymer fibers, such as polyester and memory foam. Synthetic fillers in general are inexpensive and in the case of memory foam can retain their form longer. Natural fillers have been used since antiquity. The most common are feathers, down, wool, latex, cotton (particularly in India), and buckwheat. More exotic materials have also been used including straw, wood, or stone. Down is usually the softer filler and offer good insulation, but is more expensive due to its relative scarcity. Down has been known to be plucked from live geese, but there are already cruelty-free certifications for down products. In India, traditional pillows are made with kapok, the fluffy, glossy fruit-fibres of the trees Ceiba pentandra and Bombax ceiba.


title: Pillow

text: The normal lifespan of a pillow is two to four years. Condition of the pillow can be determined by checking for lumps or folding it in order to see if stays in that shape. Replacement is recommended for sanitary reasons. All types of pillow covers should be laundered periodically since they are the part that is in contact with a person's body. Pillows accumulate dust and microbes among the fill, even when washable pillows are washed. Manufacturers recommend tumble-drying for fifteen minutes every week to freshen them up, and for the heat to kill dust mites. Charities in most countries will not accept used pillows due to hygiene regulations. While some animal shelters accept forms of bedding, most reject donation of used pillows due to the mess they can cause.


title: Pillow

text: Recycling of pillows, like most textile and bedding items, is expensive and has poor yield. As such, few are recycled and most end up in landfills. Their light weight means that they make up a low proportion of household waste by mass. Most of the few pillows collected for recycling are sent to India and Pakistan and used as low-cost bedding, or in South East Asia, co-mingled with other textiles to manufacture cheap bedding.


title: Pillow

text: A pillow is designed to provide support and comfort to the body and head. There are three main types of pillows; bed pillows, orthopedic pillows and decorative pillows, with some overlapping of use between these. The appropriate size of a bed pillow depends on the size of the bed. Larger pillows than standard are available for queen- and king-sized beds.


title: Pillow

text: The choice of bed pillow depends to some extent upon sleeping positions: one manufacturer recommends a thinner and softer pillow for sleeping face down, medium support for sleeping on one's back, and a thicker and firmer pillow for sleeping on the side.


title: Pillow

text: The classic bed pillow shape is usually a square or rectangle. In the US, they are common in these three sizes (in inches): Standard (20×26 inches), Queen (20×30 inches), and King (20×36 inches). In the US, a less common size is Jumbo (20×28 inches), which is larger than the Standard Size but smaller than the Queen Size.


title: Pillow

text: Pillows are generally covered with a removable pillow case, which facilitates laundering. Apart from the color and from the material of which they are made, pillowcases have three contrasting characteristics:


title: Pillow

text: "Square" is also called "continental" in the UK. German pillow sizes are 80×80 cm (older) or 40×80 cm (newer). When considered as a subset of bed pillows, Euro pillows finish 26×26 in and older style travel pillows commonly finished 12×16 in.


title: Pillow

text: The main distinguishing feature is whether the pillow case is plain or with a valance around the edge. In the former case this is described as 'plain style' and in the latter as 'Oxford style'.


title: Pillow

text: "Oxford ... has a 5cm-10cm valance round all four sides. With a hemstitched or corded decoration around the inner edge of the valance."


title: Pillow

text: The opening/closure of pillow cases ranges from the straightforward "bag style" common in the United States to the "housewife style" more common in Europe, with a pocket inside the open end to fully contain the pillow.


title: Pillow

text: "Housewife is ... essentially a bag, with a flap in the open end to tuck the pillowcase behind to keep it in..."


title: Pillow

text: Body pillows are as long as a full adult body, providing support to the head and neck at the top and to the knees and legs lower down. This type of pillow can be especially useful in providing support for those who sleep on their sides and for pregnant women. Size is 40×140 cm. (See also: Dutch wife)


title: Pillow

text: Neck pillows support the neck by providing a deep area for the head to rest and a supportive area to keep the neck in alignment with the spine while sleeping. These can also be known as cervical pillows. Cervical pillows help patients to maintain comfortable positioning after therapeutic, orthopedic and surgical measures.


title: Pillow

text: Travel pillows provide support for the neck in a sitting position. Their "U" shape fits around the back of the neck and keeps the head from slipping into an uncomfortable and possibly harmful position during sleep. However, U-shaped pillows can sometimes force the head forward, creating neck stiffness.


title: Pillow

text: Doughnut pillows are firm pillows shaped like a torus, with a space in the middle to alleviate pressure on the tailbone area while sitting. These pillows are used primarily by individuals who have suffered an injury to the tailbone area, or who suffer pain from hemorrhoids or another ailment of the colon.


title: Pillow

text: Lumbar pillows are designed to support the inward curve of the lower back, filling the space created between the lower back and the back of the chair when in a sitting position. These pillows are generally used to support the lower back while driving or sitting, such as in an office chair. Orthopedic pillows are similar to memory foam pillows.


title: Pillow

text: Decorative pillows serve a dual purpose. They often have fancy cover material which serves to decorate the room where they are found. Since decorative textiles are commonly 54 inches in width, many decorative pillows finish about 17x17 inches. (54/3 = 18, less seam allowance) When used to decorate a fully made up bed, decorative pillows are likely thrown aside at bedtime, since they are not covered with a washable pillow case, thus, while found on the bed, they are primarily there for decoration, hence they fall under this category. These pillows may be custom made, as well as made by freelancers.


title: Pillow

text: Decorative pillows are also found on furnishings in more public parts of the home, such as sofas, chairs and window seats. Here, their common use may overlap both orthopedic and bed pillows. For example, unless a person has some particular medical condition, they will likely use a handy decorative pillow for lumbar support, as needed, while seated on a sofa. Likewise, for the occasional nap, decorative pillows are handy for supporting the head or neck, even though they may not be covered with a pillow case, as are bed pillows.


title: Pillow

text: There are five common synonyms for decorative pillows which are descriptive of their use in the home. "Accent" pillows emphasize or accent some other part of the home decor. The terms "sofa pillow" and "couch pillow" refer to the place these decorative pillows are likely found. The terms "toss pillow" and "throw pillow" may refer to the way they generally arrive in their places.


title: Pillow

text: Novelty pillows are shaped like humorous objects (a banana, tweety bird, a human leg, a chainsaw, a dill pickle, a former president) and are meant to brighten up and add humor to a room or lounge area.


title: Pillow

text: Tent-flap pillows are placed at the front of a stack of pillows decorating a bed. This pillows have a separate flap of fabric that is attached at the top of the pillow and folds down over the face. The tent flap can be loose or tacked down; if the flap is loose a decorative tassel or bead is usually used to weigh the flap down so it hangs properly.


title: Pillow

text: Floor pillows are another subset of decorative pillows. These pillows often finish 26×26 inches (one half of the width of the textile, less seam allowance)


title: Pillow

text: A combination pillow is a pillow which is for those sleepers which are sleeping in a combination of positions and would like to use their pillow to hug or play.


title: Pillow

text: In many parts of the world, pillows have cultural significance, and references have extended to a wide variety of other uses, forms and activities.


title: Pillow

text: In some cultures, pillows have forms for hugging. An example is the "Dakimakura", a kind of "hugging pillow" originating in Japan that have been endowed with anthropomorphic and zoomorphic qualities and pop culture references for additional psychological comfort. Other types of hugging pillows are more practical, such as the "Guling", long hugging pillow originating from Indonesia and the "Abrazador", a long hugging pillow originating from the Philippines. A "husband pillow" (also known as a boyfriend pillow) is a large, high-backed pillow with two "arms." It is used to prop the user upright while in bed or on the floor, as for reading or watching television. Because of this common use, a husband pillow is also called a reading pillow.


title: Pillow

text: A pillow fight is a common game mostly played by young children (but also by teens and adults) in which they engage in mock physical conflict, using pillows as weapons.


title: Pillow

text: Pillow fights are known to occur during children's sleepovers. Since pillows are usually soft, injuries rarely occur. The heft of a pillow can still knock a young person off balance, especially on a soft surface such as a bed, which is a common venue. In earlier eras, pillows would often break, shedding feathers throughout a room. Modern pillows tend to be stronger and are often filled with a solid block of artificial filling, so breakage occurs far less frequently.


title: Pillow

text: Pillow talk refers to the relaxed, intimate conversation that often occurs between two sexual partners after sexual activity, usually accompanied by cuddling, caresses, and other physical intimacy. It is associated with honesty, sexual afterglow, and bonding. In the Western world there are many cultural references to pillow talk.


title: Pillow

text: Chinese rock pillows () played an important role in ancient China. Made from jade, they were believed to translate the energy from the stone to the human brain. Originating in the Ming dynasty, this piece of material was trusted to cure headaches or depression, or simply to better the intelligence of those who use it. It was more common among royalty because it was expensive and rare. Families often married off children based on the quality and intricacy of these pillows. Today, rock pillows are still commonly used during the hot summer months in China.


title: Pillow

text: Cushioning designed for specific parts of the body are sometimes called pillows. An example is eye pillows which are designed to comfort the eyes. Some mousemats feature wrist rests, that while not generally called pillows, are another example.


title: Pillow

text: A sex pillow is a specially-designed and typically firm pillow used to enhance sexual intercourse. An ordinary firm pillow, however, may be used in place of a special one. Some contain a high-density urethane core to balance firm support with softness. In addition to more common pillow shapes, there are wedge-shaped, ramp-shaped, prism-shaped, etc. pillows which lend themselves to various sexual positions, some of which might be difficult or uncomfortable without them. A very common use of a sex pillow is to place it under the woman's buttocks or hips before assuming the missionary position; this pivots the pelvis and increases depth of penetration.


title: Pillow

text: A pillow menu is a list of available pillows provided by a hotel to guests, usually free of charge. It allows guests to make an alternative pillow choice. Some common pillow alternatives are memory foam, buckwheat hull, and hypoallergenic. Some hotels offer pillows to treat specific conditions such as headaches or stress.


title: Liel Abada

text: Liel Abada (, ; born ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a winger or as a forward for Scottish Premiership club Celtic and the Israel national team.


title: Liel Abada

text: Abada was born in Petah Tikva, Israel, to a family of Mizrahi Jewish descent. At the age of 13, his first manager in Maccabi Petah Tikva took Abada's father Ronen and him to celebrate his Bar Mitzvah in Barcelona. His younger brother Orel Abada is also a footballer who plays for Maccabi Petah Tikva. Abada is observant and does not play football on the Jewish high holiday of Yom Kippur.


title: Liel Abada

text: He has been in a relationship with his Israeli girlfriend Bar Rashti since 2020, after three months separated they have returned to each other since June 2022.


title: Liel Abada

text: Abada made his professional debut for Maccabi Petah Tikva in the Israel State Cup on 22 August 2019, coming on as a 63rd minute substitute against Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan, in a match that ended in a 4–1 home win for his team. On 9 September 2019, he scored his first senior Israeli Liga Leumit goal in the 90th minute against Bnei Sakhnin, that finished as a 1–1 home draw for Maccabi Petah Tikva. On 30 August 2020, Abada scored his first Israeli Premier League goal, which coincided with his team's 86th minute winnning goal, earning his side a 1–2 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv.


title: Liel Abada

text: On 14 July 2021, Scottish Premiership club Celtic announced the signing of Abada on a five-year contract, for a reported fee of £3.6 million. On 20 July 2021, he scored on his debut in the first leg of Celtic's Champions League second round qualifying match against Danish side Midtjylland, that ended in a 1–1 home draw. On 5 August 2021, Abada scored his first UEFA Europa League qualifiers goal against Czech side Jablonec, that ended in a 2–4 away win for his team. On 4 November 2021, he scored the crucial third goal for Celtic in a 2021–22 UEFA Europea League Group stage match against Hungarian side Ferencváros, that ended in a 2–3 away victory for his team.


title: Liel Abada

text: On 21 August 2021, in his third Scottish Premiership appearance, Abada scored both his and Celtic's first two league goals, that lead to a 6–0 home victory over St. Mirren. On 26 December 2021, Abada netted an early brace in a 2021–22 Scottish Premiership match against St. Johnstone, earning his team a 1–3 away win.


title: Liel Abada

text: On 2 May 2022, Abada has become the first ever non-European (and the first Israeli) footballer to win the PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year award.


title: Liel Abada

text: On 28 August 2022, Abada scored a hat-trick and assisted one goal, in a 9–0 away win against Dundee United in the 2022–23 Scottish Premiership. On 3 September 2022, he scored both the first and third goal against Rangers in an "Old Firm" derby league match, that ended in a 4–0 home win for Celtic. On 19 October 2022, Abada scored a brace in the span of 11 minutes and later on added an assist against Motherwell in the 2022–23 Scottish League Cup quarter-finals, to lead his team to a 0–4 away victory.


title: Liel Abada

text: Abada made his debut UEFA Champions League Group stage appearance on 6 September 2022, opening against Spanish side Real Madrid.


title: Liel Abada

text: Abada was first called-up to the Israeli senior side on 18 March 2021, ahead of the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA). He made his senior debut with the Israel national team on 5 June 2021, in a friendly match against Montenegro, where he substituted Yonas Malede in the 61st minute with the score at 0–0; the game ended with a 3–1 away victory for Israel. He scored his first senior goal against Iceland, during a 2022–23 UEFA Nations League match on 2 June 2022, which ended in a 2–2 home draw for his native Israel.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: Lori and George Schappell (born as Lori and Dori Schappell; September 18, 1961) are conjoined twins. George has performed as a country singer.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: George has designed support equipment for people with physical disabilities, including a specialized wheelchair and a mobility aid for dogs.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: As country singer Reba, George has performed widely in the United States and visited Germany and Japan and in 1997, won an L.A. Music Award for Best New Country Artist. He sang "Fear of Being Alone" over the credits of "Stuck on You", a comedy film about a pair of fictitious conjoined twins.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: Lori acts as George's facilitator. She works in a laundry, arranging her workload around his singing commitments. She says that, as a fan of his, she pays to attend concerts, just like all the other fans, simply making herself quiet and "invisible" while he is performing.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: As conjoined twins, Lori and George have appeared in a number of television documentaries and talk shows. They have also acted in an episode of the television series "Nip/Tuck", in which they played conjoined twins Rose and Raven Rosenberg.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: On June 21, 2007, Lori and George took part in the grand opening of "Ripley's Believe It Or Not ! Odditorium" in Times Square in New York City. This is the first time they were billed as Lori and George Schappell.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: Born as Lori and Dori Schappell, they are craniopagus conjoined twins joined at the head, but having very different personalities and living—insofar as possible—individual lives. As a mark of individuality, and disliking the fact that their names rhymed, George first chose to go by the name Reba, after his favorite singer Reba McEntire. By 2007, he preferred to be publicly known as George.


title: Lori and George Schappell

text: Lori and George live in a two-bedroom apartment, each maintaining their own private space. He has several pets. She is a trophy-winning bowler. They respect each other's privacy in terms of work time, recreation and relationships. Lori has had several boyfriends and was engaged, but lost her fiancé in a motor-vehicle accident. They celebrated their 50th birthday with a trip to London.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Inspector Rex (German: Kommissar Rex; Italian: Il commissario Rex) is an Austrian-Italian police procedural comedy-drama television series created by Peter Hajek and Peter Moser. Originally an Austrian series aired from 1994 to 2004 on ORF 1, in 2008 it was revived under Austro-Italian production on Rai 1 and, from the next year, was made fully in Italy, with occasional episodes set in Austria. Rai 1 eventually cancelled the Austro-Italian production in June 2015, after eight Italian seasons.


title: Inspector Rex

text: The series follows the German Shepherd police dog Rex, his partners and the rest of the team at the Vienna Kriminalpolizei homicide unit, as they work together to solve crimes. From 2008, episodes are set in Rome.


title: Inspector Rex

text: A spin-off series, "Stockinger", that focuses on Ernst Stockinger, one of the original members of the homicide division, was televised in 1996. International remakes include Polish "" (English title: "Inspector Alex"), set in Łódź (2012); Russian "Muhtar's return" (2004-2015, broadcast on Russia-1 and NTV); Portuguese "" (2004-2019); Lithuanian "Inspektorius Mažylis" (2014); Slovak "Rex" set in Bratislava (2017) and Canadian "Hudson & Rex" (2019).


title: Inspector Rex

text: The original series is set in Vienna and focuses on the three-man staff of an office of the Kriminalpolizei - the Austrian Criminal Police - specifically a "Mordkommission" (homicide unit). In addition to the three policemen, the office is staffed by a German Shepherd called Rex, the main star of the show, who functions variously as a cadaver dog, a sniffer dog (for both contraband and narcotics) and as another pair of eyes and ears for his team.


title: Inspector Rex

text: The original team at the office consisted of Richard Moser, Ernst Stockinger and Peter Höllerer. This team was also assisted by forensic expert Dr Leo Graf and retired policeman Max Koch. The show had many changes in characters, including Christian Böck replacing Stockinger, Alexander Brandtner replacing Moser and former statistics officer Fritz Kunz replacing Höllerer. The final Austrian incarnation of the series featured a male-female duo of the clumsy Marc Hoffmann and a female officer Nikki Herzog working alongside Kunz. Dr. Graf is the only character to remain for the entire Austrian production of the series.


title: Inspector Rex

text: In season eleven, the action moves to Rome, with Inspector Lorenzo Fabbri taking charge of the dog. Episodes were produced in both Italian and German. At the end of the season, Rex is apparently mortally wounded when he jumps on Fabbri's head to protect him from a bullet, but is shown in close-up still slightly breathing just before credits roll. The beginning of season 12 shows that Rex survived the bullet, when Fabbri takes Rex to the animal hospital.


title: Inspector Rex

text: For the first ten seasons the show was scripted entirely in German, where most characters spoke with Austrian dialects. It was shot on location in Vienna and its surroundings, though the usage of areas in production was often geographically incorrect. While subtitles were used for most international markets, the series was dubbed in some countries, including France, Greece, Italy and Spain.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Following declining ratings during the eighth and ninth seasons, the series was cancelled mid-production in 2004, leaving the tenth and then final season with only four episodes and no finale that concluded the story. As the series was still highly popular abroad, particularly in Italy and Australia, the show remained in syndication for many years.


title: Inspector Rex

text: In 2007, following negotiations, Italian broadcaster RAI secured the rights to revive the series, with production moving to Rome. For the first season of the new series, numbered as season eleven, it was produced in both Austria and Italy, with production moving to Italy full-time for the twelfth season. A total of eighteen seasons were produced, the last airing in 2015, barring repeats. While occasional episodes were set in Austria, the series was scripted and filmed primarily in Italian from 2008 to the concluding 2015 season.


title: Inspector Rex

text: For Australian markets, season numbering was altered for airing on SBS, and this numbering was also used on the DVD sets, leaving some viewers confused as to how the European episode lists correspond with the Australian ones. For the DVD sets, seasons 1 to 8 have been re-arranged to seven longer seasons (the chronological episode order remaining unchanged), with the ninth and tenth season being labeled as "season eight". They have since followed the official lists, with season eleven labeled as season nine, season twelve as season ten and so on.


title: Inspector Rex

text: A trained police dog, Rex (revealed in the Pilot to be registered as "Reginald von Ravenhorst") is the legitimate star of the show. Establishing shots frequently show him demonstrating a new trick - unlatching doors, pushing trolleys, pointing to drugs or corpses - which then turn out to be useful in the course of the episode. He is often used to stalk suspects, often with a GPS-type object attached to him so that the officers can keep track.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Rex was stolen by criminals as a pup, but managed to escape and befriend a boy, where he helped to solve his first case with the boy.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Initially, Rex and Moser share an apartment at Marokkanergasse 18, Wien-Landstraße, however the pair go house-hunting quite early in the series. The house they eventually find is owned by a man who does not want dogs there, however Rex is able to alert him to a gas leak and in gratitude he allows Moser and Rex to stay.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Rex is frequently called upon to resolve difficult situations, including helping a young girl in shock, preventing a woman from committing suicide and helping to get Moser's mobile phone when a crime has been committed. One famous episode features Moser using Rex to resolve a hostage situation by telling him to creep up behind the criminal and "frighten him" (following Rex's earlier success at frightening Stockinger by jumping on him from behind).


title: Inspector Rex

text: There is also a considerable element of humour in Rex's activities. Rex has an uncanny penchant for ham rolls, or "Wurštsemm'ln" in the local dialect. He is introduced to them by Moser, who tells him, "I practically live on these". Rex constantly annoys Stockinger by pulling on his coat and stealing his ham rolls. Later, Höllerer keeps a running score of Böck's success against Rex - not a flattering result for the officer. While not chasing criminals, he often plays pranks on the officers or fails to obey orders to help with the housework. Rex is very fond of horses and once fastened a rope to Alex's car so he could take the horse home. Another time Rex attacked a man who was beating a horse and, later in the same episode, he ran into a burning barn to rescue a horse.


title: Inspector Rex

text: With Moser, Rex reacts particularly badly to words like "frau" (woman) and, later, "tierarzt" (vet), as he disapproves of his master's attention to women. During a scene in which Koch claims that Moser "doesn't understand women at all now", Moser tells Koch, "Don't say that word. Every time you say 'woman' he [Rex] runs off with my laundry". Koch asks him what Rex does with it, to which Moser replies, "He washes it". Rex was not jealous of Alex and stole a rose for Alex to give to a pretty blonde co-worker.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Once when Moser is working undercover and needs to ensure Rex won't greet him. He tells Stockinger, "You only need to say 'vet' to him and he'll stop whatever he's doing", a statement which results in a memorable scene involving Stockinger walking after Rex at a crime scene calling out "Vet! Vet!"


title: Inspector Rex

text: Rex has to date been played by four dogs. Until 2000, he was played by Santo vom Haus Zieglmayer, also known as 'Beejay', and was then replaced by Rhett Butler. For the 2008 revival, Rex is played by a dog named Henry. Between 2012/13, Rex is played by Nicky.


title: Inspector Rex

text: The first "team leader", Richard "Richie" Moser is a hard-bitten cop who, as the first season begins, is going through a bitter divorce from his wife Gina, who takes all their furniture. Moser is also attempting to quit smoking, to improve his blood circulation.


title: Inspector Rex

text: An ex-truck driver, Moser credits Max Koch with keeping him from a life of crime, at one point telling Koch that "I'd be on the wrong side of the law too, just like him", referring to a young pickpocket he has just chased through central Vienna.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Moser befriended Rex whose former police trainer, Michael, was shot and killed by an escaping suspect. To save the dog from being put down, Moser "adopted" him without ever completing any of the official paperwork. He famously declares at one point, "My taxes pay for this dog, so why can't I give him a better home?". Moser, in contrast to his successors, is shown to be quite athletic, often performing acrobatic stunts while chasing suspects. Moretti's looks were also exploited by the producers of the show. He made several nude appearances, including an episode where Moser and a female colleague frolick naked in the woods to attract a serial killer targeting young couples.


title: Inspector Rex

text: As Moser's personal life improves, his sense of humour returns. This is noticeable in the general lightening in the tone of the show from the initial episodes ("Diagnosis Murder" being a prime example) to ones with more light-hearted banter among the officers. Being a bachelor, Moser flirts with many of the attractive women featured in the storylines. Moser begins a relationship with Sonja, his local vet, which Rex thoroughly disapproves of and constantly tries to sabotage. In time, Rex accepts Sonja and even pretends to have an injured paw when he wants her to stay with him. Sonja eventually leaves Moser and Rex when she is offered a job in America.


title: Inspector Rex

text: In the final scenes of the season 4 episode "Moser's Death", Moser is killed in the line of duty by an escaped 'border-line psychopath' played by famous German actor Ulrich Tukur ("Das Leben der Anderen") while Moser is rescuing his lover, Patricia Neuhold (a psychologist who has been helping with the case). The escapee commits suicide just after he kills Moser, and there is a heartbreaking scene at the hospital after the doctor tells Moser's friends that he died. Rex takes a squeaky toy that Moser bought at the beginning of the episode to Moser's body and squeaks it until he accepts his master is gone, then he lays his head on Moser's chest and the scene fades to white.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Alex Brandtner replaces Moser as team leader. Following Moser's death, Rex has become depressed and refuses to eat, wanting to stay near Moser's house all the time. However, Brandtner succeeds in helping Rex out of his depression. Brandtner had lost his former dog, Arko, in an explosion and does not want to work with dogs again, until he meets Rex. The explosion has also robbed him of his hearing in his right ear, a fact he confides only to Rex. Brandtner moves into the house that Moser and Rex used to share, apparently because Rex does not want to leave.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Brandtner is portrayed as very attractive to women, and performs various physical stunts throughout the series, such as diving over car bonnets, engaging in fast-paced chases on foot and dives. On his first appearance in the show, he dives into the Danube Canal to retrieve a vital piece of evidence, and later in his debut episode he parachutes from a light aircraft, along with Rex, in order to apprehend a suspect. His living room is filled with boxing and fitness gear.


title: Inspector Rex

text: He had once gone undercover in a prison and also as a drunken homeless man. He also seems to have an uncanny instinct for sensing if a suspect is guilty or innocent, even without evidence.


title: Inspector Rex

text: During the time Burkhard was on the show, the international ratings for the series increased. Unlike Moretti, Burkhard's looks were not exploited by the producers of the show and he did not make nude appearances. The most skin that Burkhard showed was in an episode where a bank burglar forced Brandtner to strip to prove that he was unarmed, before parading him through the street in only his underwear.


title: Inspector Rex

text: Replacing Brandtner as team leader, Hoffmann is a very eager detective. Hoffmann is portrayed as being very witty, outsmarting murderers. He shares a close relationship with Nikki Herzog, although they sometimes have disagreements.