title: Chen Long

text: Record against year-end Finals finalists, World Championships semi-finalists, and Olympic quarter-finalists.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: , originally known as , is a Japanese manga series created in 1960 by Shigeru Mizuki. It is best known for its popularization of the folklore creatures known as "yōkai", a class of spirit-monster which all of the main characters belong to. This story was an early 20th-century Japanese folk tale performed on "kamishibai". It has been adapted for the screen several times, as anime, live action, and video games. The word in the title is similar to Japanese sound symbolism for a cackling noise but refers to Mizuki's childhood nickname, a mispronounciation of his given name.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: Selections of the manga and the theatrical live-action films have been published in English, simply titled Kitaro. The 2018 anime series is streamed with English subtitles as GeGeGe no Kitaro.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: "GeGeGe no Kitarō" focuses on the young Kitarō—the last survivor of the Ghost Tribe—and his adventures with other ghouls and strange creatures of Japanese mythology. Along with: the remains of his father, Medama-Oyaji (a mummified Ghost tribesman reincarnated to inhabit his old eyeball); Nezumi-Otoko (the rat-man); Neko-Musume (the cat-girl) and a host of other folkloric creatures, Kitarō strives to unite the worlds of humans and Yōkai.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: Many storylines involve Kitarō facing off with myriad monsters from other countries, such as the Chinese vampire Yasha, the Transylvanian Dracula IV, and other such non-Japanese creations. In addition to this, Kitarō also locks horns with various malevolent "yōkai" who threaten the balance between the Japanese creatures and humans.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: Some storylines make overt reference to traditional Japanese tales, most notably the folk tale of Momotarō, in which the young hero defends a Japanese territory from demons with the help of the native animals. The Kitarō series draws a great deal of influence from this story, with Kitarō and his "yōkai" friends driving a group of Western ghouls away from an island.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: While the character of Kitarō in "GeGeGe no Kitarō" is a friendly boy who genuinely wants the best outcome for humans and "yōkai" alike, his earlier incarnation in "Hakaba Kitarō" portrays him as a much more darkly mischievous character. His apparent lack of empathy for humans combined with his general greed and desire for material wealth drives him to act in an unbecoming manner towards the human characters—often deceptively leading them into nightmarish situations or even to hell itself.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: The Kitarō story began life as a "kamishibai" in 1933, written by and illustrated by . Itō's version was called ; the title is generally written in katakana to distinguish it from Mizuki's version of the tale.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: According to Itō, her Kitarō was based on local legends describing the same or similar stories. It is also said to be a loose reinterpretation of the similar Japanese folktale called the or , which were inspired by Chinese folklore from 12th to 13th centuries.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: "Kitarō of the Graveyard" was published as a rental manga in 1960, but it was considered too scary for children. In 1965, renamed to "Hakaba no Kitarō", it appeared in "Shōnen Magazine" (after one of the editors came across the "kashibon" and offered Mizuki a contract) and ran through 1970. The series was renamed "GeGeGe no Kitarō" in 1967 and continued on "Weekly Shōnen Sunday" (1971), "Shōnen Action", "Shukan Jitsuwa" and many other magazines.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: In 2002, "GeGeGe no Kitarō" was translated by Ralph F. McCarthy and compiled by Natsuhiko Kyogoku for Kodansha Bilingual Comics. Three bilingual (Japanese–English) volumes were released in 2002.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: Since 2013, compilation volumes of selected manga chapters from the 1960s have been published by Drawn & Quarterly, with English translations by Zack Davisson and an introduction by Matt Alt in the first compilation volume.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: Seven anime adaptations were made from Mizuki's manga series. They were broadcast on Fuji Television and animated by Toei Animation.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: The opening theme to all six series is "Gegege no Kitarō", written by Mizuki himself. It has been sung by Kazuo Kumakura (1st, 2nd), Ikuzo Yoshi (3rd), Yūkadan (4th), Shigeru Izumiya (5th), the 50 Kaitenz (6th) and Kiyoshi Hikawa (7th). The song was also used in the live-action films starring Eiji Wentz. In the first film, it was performed by Wentz' WaT partner Teppei Koike.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: In January 2008, the sixth anime series (also produced by Toei) premiered on Fuji TV during the late night hours in the Noitamina block. This anime uses the original manga title, , and unlike the usual anime versions, it is closer to Mizuki's manga and is not part of the existing remake canon. It also features a completely different opening theme song ("Mononoke Dance" by Denki Groove) and ending theme song ("Snow Tears" by Shoko Nakagawa).


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: A seventh series, directed by Kōji Ogawa and written by Hiroshi Ohnogi started airing on Fuji TV on April 1, 2018, to celebrate the anime's 50th anniversary. The series concluded on March 29, 2020, as it entered its final arc, the "Nurarihyon Arc", on October 6, 2019. It streamed on Crunchyroll, making it the first "Kitarō" anime to be available in North America.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: An English dub aired as Spooky Kitaro on Animax Asia. The 2008 anime was released with English subtitles on DVD in Australia.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: In recent years, the franchise has seen the release of two live-action films. The first of these was released in 2007, simply titled Kitaro for its international release (the film retained the title of ゲゲゲの鬼太郎 in Japan), and is based on stories depicted in the original "Kitarō" manga. It stars Eiji Wentz as Kitarō and Yo Oizumi as Nezumi Otoko.


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: The film follows Kitarō as he tries to save a young high school girl, Mika Miura, while also trying to stop the powerful "spectre stone" from falling into the wrong hands. While previous media in the franchise depicted its characters and stories mostly through hand-drawn animation and illustration, the live-action film makes extensive use of practical costumes and CG characters to depict the cast of "yōkai".


title: GeGeGe no Kitarō

text: The second film, Kitaro and the Millennium Curse, was released in 2008 and sees Wentz returning to the role of Kitarō. It follows Kitarō and his friends as they try to solve a 1000-year-old curse that threatens the life of his human companion Kaede Hiramoto.


title: Vol-au-vent

text: A vol-au-vent (pronounced , French for "windblown", to describe its lightness) is a small hollow case of puff pastry. It was formerly also called a patty case.


title: Vol-au-vent

text: A "vol-au-vent" is typically made by cutting two circles in rolled out puff pastry, cutting a hole in one of them, then stacking the ring-shaped piece on top of the disc-shaped piece. The pastry is cooked, then filled with any of a variety of savory or sweet fillings.


title: Vol-au-vent

text: The pastry is sometimes credited to Marie-Antoine Carême. However, an entremet called "petits gâteaux vole au vent" is mentioned in François Marin's 1739 cookbook "Les Dons de Comus", years before Carême's birth.


title: Vol-au-vent

text: In Belgium, it is a common main dish that can be found on the menus of most restaurants, and is nearly always filled with a combination of chicken, mushrooms, and small meatballs, served with either mashed potatoes or fries. This Belgian variation is also available in the south of the Netherlands, where it is called "pasteitje" ("little pastry"). In American cuisine, chicken à la King was formerly a popular filling.


title: Vol-au-vent

text: In Pakistan, vol-au-vents with meat filling are called "patties": round ones usually have a chicken filling, and rectangular ones have a beef filling. They are served with chutney.


title: Zack Gottsagen

text: Zachary Robin Gottsagen (born April 22, 1985) is an American actor. He made his breakout role for the film "The Peanut Butter Falcon".


title: Zack Gottsagen

text: While at Zeno Mountain Farm, a camp for people with and without disabilities, Gottsagen met filmmakers Tyler Nilson and Michael Schwartz. Per Gottsagen's request for Nilson and Schwartz to make a movie with Gottsagen as the star, Nilson and Schwartz wrote and directed "The Peanut Butter Falcon". In the movie Gottsagen plays the starring role as an aspiring professional wrestler with Down Syndrome.


title: Zack Gottsagen

text: In 2020, Gottsagen became the first person with Down Syndrome to be a presenter at the Academy Awards, when he and Shia LaBeouf presented the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 92nd Academy Awards. In 2019, he was recognized as a Breakthrough Entertainer by the Associated Press.


title: Zack Gottsagen

text: Gottsagen starred with Felicity Huffman in an ABC television series based on the life of Susan Savage, owner of the minor league baseball team the Sacramento River Cats.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1952. It was the third published of seven novels in "The Chronicles of Narnia" (1950–1956). Macmillan US published an American edition within the calendar year. with substantial revisions that were retained in the United States until 1994. It is volume five in recent editions, which are sequenced according to the novels' internal chronology. Like the other "Chronicles of Narnia", "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader" was illustrated by Pauline Baynes, and her work has been retained in many later editions.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: In the novel, Edmund and Lucy Pevensie (along with their cousin Eustace Scrubb) are taken out of this world into the enchanted land of Narnia. They are reunited with the Pevensies' friend, King Caspian X of Narnia, aboard Caspian's ship, the "Dawn Treader". Caspian has vowed to sail east across the Great Eastern Ocean for a year and a day to find the seven lost Lords of Narnia.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Lewis dedicated the book to Geoffrey Corbett. Corbett, who later changed his name to Jeffrey Barfield, is the adopted son of Owen Barfield, a friend of Lewis's.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader" has been adapted and filmed as four episodes of a BBC television series in 1989 and as a in 2010.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The two youngest Pevensie children, Lucy and Edmund, are staying with their odious cousin Eustace Scrubb while their older brother, Peter, is studying for an exam with Professor Kirke, and their older sister, Susan, is travelling through America with their parents. Edmund, Lucy, and Eustace are drawn into the Narnian world through a picture of a ship at sea. (The painting, hanging neglected in the guest bedroom in which Lucy was staying, had been an unwanted present to Eustace's parents.) The three children land in the ocean near the pictured vessel, the titular "Dawn Treader", and are taken aboard.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The "Dawn Treader" is the ship of Caspian X, King of Narnia, whom Edmund and Lucy (along with Peter and Susan) helped gain the throne of Narnia in "Prince Caspian". Also present on board are the Lord Drinian (the captain of the "Dawn Treader") and the first mate Rhince.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Peace has been established in the three years since then, and Caspian has undertaken a quest in fulfilment of his coronation oath to sail east for a year and a day to find the seven lost Lords of Narnia: Argoz, Bern, Mavramorn, Octesian, Restimar, Revilian, and Rhoop. He mentions that Trumpkin the dwarf has been left in charge of Narnia as Lord Regent in his absence. Lucy and Edmund are delighted to be back in the Narnian world, but Eustace is less enthusiastic, as he has never been there before and had taunted his cousins with his belief that this alternate universe had never existed. The Talking Mouse Reepicheep is also on board, as he hopes to find Aslan's Country beyond the seas of the "utter East". When Eustace teases Reepicheep, much is revealed about the mouse's pugnacious character.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: They first make landfall in the Lone Islands, nominally Narnian territory but fallen away from Narnian ways: in particular the slave trade flourishes here, despite Narnian law stating that it is forbidden. Caspian, Lucy, Edmund, Eustace, and Reepicheep are captured as merchandise by a slave trader, and a man "buys" Caspian before they even reach the slave market. He turns out to be the first lost lord, Lord Bern, who had moved to the islands and married a woman there after being banished from Narnia by Miraz. When Caspian reveals his identity, Bern acknowledges him as King. Caspian reclaims the islands for Narnia and replaces Gumpas, the greedy governor, with Lord Bern, whom he names Duke of the Lone Islands. Caspian also declares that slavery is forbidden in all his dominions and that all slaves are free.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: At the second island they visit, Eustace leaves the group to avoid participating in the work needed to render the ship seaworthy after a storm has damaged it and hides in a dead dragon's cave to escape a sudden downpour. The dragon's treasure arouses his greed: he fills his pockets with gold and jewels and puts on a large golden bracelet; but as he sleeps, he is transformed into a dragon. As a dragon, he becomes aware of how bad his previous behaviour was. He attempts to shed his dragon skin without success. It is only with the help of Aslan that he is able to become human again, though the process is very painful. Caspian recognises the bracelet: it belonged to Lord Octesian, another of the lost lords. They speculate that the dragon killed Octesian — or even that the dragon "was" Octesian. Aslan turns Eustace back into a boy, and as a result of his experiences he is now a much nicer person.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: They narrowly escape being sunk by a sea-serpent and stop at Deathwater Island, so named for a pool of water which turns everything immersed in it into gold, including one of the missing lords who turns out to have been Lord Restimar. Then they land on the Duffers' Island, where Lucy removes an invisibility spell from the Duffers (later Dufflepuds) at their request and befriends the Magician who cast it. Next they reach the "Island Where Dreams Come True", called the Dark Island since it is permanently hidden in darkness. It turns out that the "dreams" that come true there are not necessarily "nice" dreams and Lord Rhoop, whom they rescue there, has been tormented for years by his nightmares. Eventually they reach the Island of the Star, where they find the three remaining lost lords in enchanted sleep. Ramandu, the fallen star who lives on the island with his daughter, tells them that the only way to awaken them is to sail to the edge of the world and to leave one member of the crew behind there. Lord Rhoop wishes to "sleep without dreams" beside his friends until they wake and everyone agrees before they set out again.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The "Dawn Treader" continues sailing into an area where merpeople dwell and the water turns sweet rather than salty, as Reepicheep discovers when he belligerently jumps in to fight a mer-man who he thinks challenged him. At last the water becomes so shallow that the ship can go no farther. Caspian orders a boat lowered and announces that he will go to the world's end with Reepicheep. The crew object, saying that as King of Narnia he has no right to abandon them. Caspian goes to his cabin in a temper, but returns to say that Aslan appeared in his cabin and told him that only Lucy, Edmund, Eustace, and Reepicheep will go on.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: These four venture in a small boat through a sea of lilies until they reach a wall of water that extends into the sky. Fulfilling Ramandu's condition, Reepicheep paddles his coracle up the waterfall and is never again seen in Narnia. Edmund, Eustace, and Lucy find a Lamb, who transforms into Aslan. Aslan tells them that Edmund and Lucy will not return to Narnia. When Lucy becomes sorrowful and despondent about the prospect of not seeing Aslan again, Aslan tells the children that he exists in their world, too. Aslan adds, "There I have another name. You must learn to know me by that name. This was the very reason why you were brought to Narnia, that by knowing me here for a little, you may know me better there". Aslan then sends the three children home.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Several weeks or months after reading the proofs for the British edition of "The Chronicles", Lewis read through the proofs for the American edition. While doing so, he made several changes to the text. HarperCollins took over publication of the series in 1994 and made the unusual decision to ignore the changes that Lewis had made and use the earlier text as the standard for their editions.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: In "Dawn Treader", Lewis made two changes, one minor and one more substantial. The minor change appears in the first chapter where Lewis changes the description of Eustace from "far too stupid to make anything up himself" to "quite incapable of making anything up himself". Paul Ford, author of "Companion to Narnia", suggests that Lewis might have felt the need to soften the passage for his American readers or perhaps he was starting to like Eustace better. Peter Schakel, author of "Imagination and the arts in C.S. Lewis", notes that the passage should have been changed in both cases as "calling a character 'stupid' in a children's book is insensitive and unwise". Both Schakel and Ford agree that it is not an accurate depiction of Eustace as Lewis describes him, and this too may be the reason for the change.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The more substantive change appears in Chapter 12, "The Dark Island", where Lewis rewrote the ending in a way that, Schakel maintains, improves the imaginative experience considerably.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Boucher and McComas found "Voyage" "not quite up to the high level set by previous Narnian adventures". They singled out Reepicheep for praise as "one of Lewis's finest imaginings."


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Researcher Sue Baines wrote: "In contrast to other Narnia books, "Dawn Treader" has virtually no overt villains, other than the slavers in the very beginning who are quickly overcome and disposed of. Rather, the plot confronts the protagonists again and again with the flaws of their own character. Eustace's greediness and general bad behavior cause him to turn into a dragon, and he must work hard to show himself worthy of becoming human again; Caspian is tempted to seize the magic pool which turns everything to gold – which would have turned Caspian himself into a greedy tyrant ready to kill in order to preserve his power and wealth; later, Caspian faces the nobler but still wrong-headed temptation to go off to Aslan's Country and abandon his responsibilities as a King; Lucy is tempted to make herself magically beautiful, which would have led to her becoming the focus of terrible wars devastating Narnia and all its neighbors; and having resisted this temptation, she succumbs to a lesser temptation to magically spy on her schoolmates – and is punished by hearing malicious things and destroying what could have developed into an enduring nice friendship. ... Edmund, who had undergone a very severe test of his character on his first arrival in Narnia, is spared such an experience in the present book, and acts as the most mature and grown-up member of the group."


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Arguably, "Voyage of the Dawn Treader" is the novel which shows the most influence of Lewis' Irish background. It is reminiscent of the "Immram" genre of Irish literature. Lewis draws inspiration from the Medieval text "The Voyage of Saint Brendan", a clear example of the Immram. Lewis' characters follow the plot of St. Brendan's voyage almost exactly, showing the influence of the classic Celtic fable. However, unlike such voyages, "Dawn Treader" travels East rather than West, maybe because Lewis wanted to signify new beginnings and rebirth, as opposed to the traditional connotation of death and closure associated with heading west.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The novel also underscores the idea of Aslan representing Jesus Christ. In the end of the novel Aslan appears as a lamb which has been used as a symbol for him, in a scene evoking the Gospel of John 21:9.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Eustace's transformation into a dragon in the presence of gold recalls the fate of Fáfnir in Norse myth. Had Eustace been educated to know about myths and fairytales, he would have known that dragons' gold is cursed.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: In chapter 13, Ulysses in Dante's "Inferno" (Canto 26 v.112-119) is closely paraphrased by one of the three lords when they reach Ramandu's island.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: Mary Coombe noted that "The Fifth book of Rabelais' "Gargantua and Pantagruel" depicts a King with his loyal followers sailing in a ship, stopping at various islands and having strange adventures. To be sure, in Lewis' handling of the same theme, the details of the King, his retinue and the islands they visit are all very different from those of Rabelais.(...) Lewis considered Rabelais to be mainly 'a teller of coarse jokes'. It might have appealed to Lewis to take up a theme from Rabelais and treat it in a less coarse way. In particular, the quest undertaken by Pantagruel and his companions is entirely and manifestly farcical, while that of Caspian is conducted very earnestly indeed."


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader" is the third installment in "The Chronicles of Narnia" film series from Walden Media. Unlike the earlier two films, which were distributed by Disney, it was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Michael Apted took over as director from Andrew Adamson, who opted to produce with Mark Johnson, Perry Moore and Douglas Gresham. Will Poulter joined the cast as Eustace Scrubb, while Georgie Henley, Skandar Keynes, Ben Barnes, Liam Neeson, and Tilda Swinton all returned.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The film had a wide theatrical release in traditional 2D, and a limited theatrical release in RealD 3D and Digital 3D in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom on 10 December 2010.


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: "The Dawntreader" is a song about the sea by Joni Mitchell, one track on her debut album "Song to a Seagull" (1968).


title: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

text: The spaceship "Dawn Treader" in Greg Bear's novel "Anvil of Stars" is presumably also named for the ship in this book.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: The 1999–2000 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the eighth season of the FA Premier League, and Manchester United secured their sixth Premiership title. Like the previous season, they lost only three league games all season. Unlike in 1998–99 season, they won by a comfortable margin – 18 points as opposed to a single point.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: Their only disappointment of the season came when they lost their defence of the European Cup following a 3–2 defeat against Real Madrid in the quarter finals. Manchester United had withdrawn from the 1999–2000 FA Cup to participate in the FIFA World Club Championship at the request of the FA who wanted Manchester United to compete to support England's bid to host the World Cup. Chelsea would go on to win the last


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: FA Cup held at Wembley Stadium before its redevelopment. The League Cup final was won by Leicester City, for the second time in four seasons. In Europe, Leeds United reached the UEFA Cup semi final and Arsenal were on the losing side to Galatasaray in the UEFA Cup final.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: Only one newly promoted team suffered relegation: Watford, who finished in last place, and achieved a record Premiership low of just 24 points (a record since broken by Sunderland (twice) and by Derby County, Aston Villa, Huddersfield Town, Norwich City and Sheffield United), despite a decent start to their campaign which saw them beat both Liverpool (at Anfield) and Chelsea. The most successful promoted team was Sunderland, who finished seventh in the final table and spent much of the season pushing for a place in European competition. Bradford City, back in the top division for the first time since 1922, secured their Premiership survival on the last day of the season with a 1–0 win over Liverpool. The result meant that Liverpool lost out on a Champions League place, and Wimbledon were relegated after 14 years of top-division football. Second-from-bottom Sheffield Wednesday were relegated in their penultimate game of the season, having spent 15 of the previous 16 seasons in the top division. Wednesday's season included an 8–0 defeat at Newcastle. Amazingly Coventry City went all season without an away win but still managed to secure 14th place due to an impressive home record which saw them win 12 out of their 19 matches.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: As well as Premiership champions Manchester United and runners-up Arsenal, third placed Leeds United qualified for the 2000–01 Champions League. UEFA Cup places went to fourth placed Liverpool, F.A Cup winners Chelsea, and League Cup winners Leicester City.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: Promoted to the Premiership for 2000–01 were First Division champions Charlton Athletic, runners-up Manchester City and playoff winners Ipswich Town. For the first time since the formation of the Premiership, all of the promoted teams had been members of the Premiership before.


title: 1999–2000 FA Premier League

text: Twenty teams competed in the league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the First Division. The promoted teams were Sunderland, Bradford City and Watford, returning after absences of two, seventy-seven and eleven years respectively. This was also both Bradford City and Watford's first season in the Premier League. They replaced Charlton Athletic, Blackburn Rovers and Nottingham Forest. Charlton Athletic and Nottingham Forest were immediately relegated after a season's presence while Blackburn Rovers' seven-year top flight spell came to an end.


title: Dipper Pines

text: Mason "Dipper" Pines is a fictional character and one of the two lead characters in the Disney Channel animated series "Gravity Falls". The character is voiced by Jason Ritter, and is loosely based on the childhood of series creator Alex Hirsch. Dipper appears in all the episodes of "Gravity Falls" alongside Mabel Pines, his twin sister. Beside his presence in the main series, he appears in the "Gravity Falls" mini-series titled "Dipper's Guide to the Unexplained" and the shorts "Fixin' it with Soos" and "Mabel's Guide to Life".


title: Dipper Pines

text: The characters of Dipper and his sister Mabel are inspired by the childhood series creator Alex Hirsch and his own twin sister, Ariel Hirsch. As a character, Dipper has been critically well received. He appears in various "Gravity Falls" merchandise, such as on clothing and in video games.


title: Dipper Pines

text: The shows creator Alex Hirsch has stated, occasionally while Dipper is smart, he is still a kid. In a Reddit AMA he did in 2013, Hirsch stated that, "Dipper's smart but he's not a 'WALKING CALCULATOR'. There's a lot of kid shows featuring a character who is 'the brains.' Dipper is better academically than Mabel, but he's also able to laugh at himself. He's a real kid. He has insecurities. He has things that he loves. I try not to pigeonhole these characters into 'ONE TYPE'. They lose their humanity if you do that. (Secret: Dipper's secretly jealous that Mabel's better socially than he is)."


title: Dipper Pines

text: Coming from Piedmont, California, Dipper and his twin sister Mabel are forced to spend their summer with their great uncle Stan in the fictional town of Gravity Falls, Oregon. He is portrayed as smart, logical, yet sometimes awkward. He has an interest in mysteries and shows expertise in various areas of knowledge like history, cryptography, and puzzle-solving.


title: Dipper Pines

text: He first arrives in Gravity Falls bored and upset, but after he accidentally comes across a mysterious red journal in the forest around Gravity Falls, he begins to adjust to life in town and starts going on adventures with his sister to unravel the supernatural secrets of the town as told by the entries in the journal.


title: Dipper Pines

text: Starting with "The Inconveniencing", Dipper is shown to have a crush on 15-year-old Mystery Shack cashier Wendy Corduroy. However, his attempts to win her over are usually sidetracked by accidents or supernatural phenomena. In the episode "Into the Bunker", Wendy confirms her suspicions of Dipper's crush, and though she explains that she is too old for Dipper, they remain close friends.


title: Dipper Pines

text: Throughout the series, Dipper wears a trademark white and blue cap with a symbol of a blue pine tree logo in the front of the hat, which he takes from the Shack's gift shop with his great-uncle ("Grunkle") Stan's permission. He also wears a navy blue vest, reddish orange T-shirt, gray shorts, black sneakers, and a wristwatch. "Double Dipper" reveals that his nickname comes from a birth mark on his forehead in the form of the Big Dipper, which he hides with his bangs.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was an agreement between Ukraine and Russia, signed in 1997, which fixed the principle of strategic partnership, the recognition of the inviolability of existing borders, and respect for territorial integrity and mutual commitment not to use its territory to harm the security of each other.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The treaty prevents Ukraine and Russia from invading one another's country respectively, and declaring war. Due to the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, Ukraine announced its intention not to renew the treaty in September 2018. The treaty consequently expired on 31 March 2019. The treaty was also known as the "Big Treaty".


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: Until 2019, the treaty was automatically renewed on each 10th anniversary of its signing, unless one party advised the other of its intention to end the treaty six months prior to the date of the renewal.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: Russia–Ukraine relations have deteriorated since the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and Russian support for separatist forces in the war in Ukraine's Donbass region. In response, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed a decree not to extend the treaty.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The treaty was signed in Kyiv on 31 May 1997 by the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma and Russian President Boris Yeltsin.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: In Ukraine, the treaty was ratified by the Law of Ukraine No. 13/98-VR on 14 January 1998 (On ratification of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation).<ref name="13/98-VR"></ref>


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: In Russia, on 25 December 1998, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly adopted a resolution on the adoption of the federal law "On ratification of the Agreement of Friendship, Collaboration and Partnership between the Russian Federation and Ukraine" and directed it to the Federation Council.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The Federation Council approved this federal law by the Resolution on 17 February 1999. The treaty was ratified.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The document superseded the previous treaty between the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of 19 November 1990 (before dissolution of the Soviet Union).


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: Under the agreement both parties ensure the citizens of the other countries' rights and freedoms on the same basis and to the same extent that it provides for its citizens, except as prescribed by national legislation of States or international treaties.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: Every country protects in established order of the rights of its citizens living in another country, in accordance with commitments to documents of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and other universally recognized principles and norms of international law, agreements within the Commonwealth of Independent States.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The agreement, among other things prematurely confirms the inviolability of borders of countries, regardless that Russia and Ukraine had not finalized a border between the two countries. The border was delineated in the 2003 Treaty on the Russian-Ukrainian State Border, but Ukraine has started the agreed-upon demarcation unilaterally after Russia dragged its feet.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: The Treaty document stipulates in Article 40 that the Treaty is entered into for a period of 10 years and renews automatically unless one of the parties notifies the other of its intention to curtail the Treaty.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: On 19 September 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed a decree not to extend the treaty. On 3 December 2018, Poroshenko drafted a legislation to Parliament to end the Treaty of Friendship immediately; support came from Western allies within the United Nations Security Council. According to Poroshenko the non-renewal "does not require a vote" in the Ukrainian parliament. Ukraine announced that on 21 September 2018, it would notify the United Nations and other relevant organizations on the termination of the treaty. Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that it was notified on 24 September 2018 of the treaty's termination by Ukraine and expressed regret.


title: Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty

text: On 3 December 2018, Poroshenko submitted a bill on the termination of the treaty to parliament; 277 MPs supported the termination of the treaty, and 20 legislators voted against it.


title: Sadak

text: Sadak () is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film directed by Mahesh Bhatt. It stars Sanjay Dutt and Pooja Bhatt. The film is one of the highest-grossing movies of the year 1991. The film is also fondly remembered for the late Sadashiv Amrapurkar's award-winning performance as the film's villain, Maharani. The film was inspired by the 1976 American movie "Taxi Driver". This film was remade in Tamil as "Appu" (2000). A sequel, "Sadak 2", was released on 28 August 2020 in Disney+ Hotstar.


title: Sadak

text: Maharani (Sadashiv Amrapurkar) is an evil transgender pimp that runs a brothel. She employs many girls such as Pooja (Pooja Bhatt) and Chanda (Neelima Azeem). Ravi Kishore Verma (Sanjay Dutt), a taxi driver, meets Pooja before she is bought by Maharani, and his friend Gotya (Deepak Tijori) is in love with Chanda. Ravi previously witnessed his sister Roopa (Soni Razdan) plunge to death after being diagnosed with STD. She had eloped with her lover who sold her off at a brothel and forced her to become a prostitute. This violent incident left Ravi traumatized and scared. He becomes an insomniac who keeps having disturbing visions of his sister's death and is restless and violent on occasions. On one of his taxi-plying days, he meets Inspector Irani (Pankaj Dheer), who Ravi recognizes from an article published about the cop when he had won a medal. Ravi drops him off at his destination, refuses to take any money from him, and the cop tells him to come to him if he ever needs the help of any kind.


title: Sadak

text: Ravi meets Pooja again as she tries to flee the brothel of Maharani and tries to help her in vain. He procures his life's savings, a meager sum of thirty thousand rupees from Salim Bhai (Avtar Gill), his taxi's owner and takes out Pooja for one night, posing as her customer. He does so with the help of his friend Gotya, and a pimp Gullu (Mushtaq Khan). Gotya, however, is held as collateral under Maharani's orders in case Pooja is not safely returned. They roam around Bombay, spend some romantic time with each other, during which Ravi tells Pooja that he loves her and would keep on coming back to the brothel for her every night (presumably—so that she is not sold to other customers).


title: Sadak

text: The next night, Ravi mortgages the taxi and goes back to the brothel. He is, however, chided by Maharani who suspects he's either mad or in love with Pooja for offering high sums of money for her on consecutive nights. She also tells Ravi that since he has been running this business for the past thirty years, he knew when Pooja came back in the morning that Ravi did not sleep with her. After much argument, and requests from Ravi and Gotya, Maharani agrees to let him spend the night with Pooja under the condition that he have sex with her in front of her. Ravi agrees, but stabs Maharani, escaping with Pooja in the ensuing chaos. Gotya also grabs his girlfriend Chanda and escapes. They run away to a distant location where Gotya and Chanda get married in a temple with the blessings of Ravi and Pooja. All four come back and take refuge with Salim Bhai.


title: Sadak

text: In the meantime, Maharani's henchmen find the pimp and break his legs. Salim Bhai advises Ravi and Gotya to enlist police protection and Ravi decides to approach Inspector Irani. He assures them of his help and asks them to meet him in the parking lot of an apartment complex at a scheduled time. However, when the four reach there, Maharani and her henchmen are already waiting and attack them with firearms. As the four try to escape, Gotya and Chanda are both shot and Ravi manages to escape with Pooja in Irani's police jeep. Once they reach safety, he calls up Irani and warns him that he will have to pay heavily for his betrayal.


title: Sadak

text: Pooja is, however, captured again by Maharani, after Ravi is tortured and left for dead. Ravi, remembering that the fate of his sister and Pooja are the same, regains his lost strength. He fights his way back to Maharani by killing Inspector Irani and setting ablaze to Maharani's brothel finally killing Maharani and rescuing Pooja. Ravi is jailed for taking law in hands. After his release from jail, Pooja and Ravi are united again forever.


title: Sadak

text: The soundtrack of the movie is composed by the music duo Nadeem Shravan. All songs were sung by Anuradha Paudwal along with Kumar Sanu, Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Manhar Udhas, Debashish Dasgupta, Junaid Akhtar & Babla Mehta.


title: Sadak

text: The film's soundtrack album sold 5million units, becoming one of the top three best-selling Bollywood soundtracks of the year. The song "Tumhein Apna Banaane Ki" is a popular number till date. However it was a remake of the famous song "Chale To Kat Hi Jayega Safar" by Pakistani singer Musarrat Nazir. In turn, a remade version of the song was used for 2015 film "Hate Story 3".


title: Sadak

text: A sequel, "Sadak 2", was planned in September 2018. The principal photography of the film began on 18 May 2019, & was released on 28 August 2020 on Disney+ Hotstar. The sequel starring Alia Bhatt and Aditya Roy Kapur alongside Sanjay Dutt and Pooja Bhatt reprising their original roles is directed by Mahesh Bhatt. The film is produced by Mukesh Bhatt and is presented by Mahesh Bhatt and Vishesh Films. The script will be penned by Shagufta Rafique and Robin Bhatt.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the device/system. Vulnerabilities can be weaknesses in either the hardware itself, or the software that runs on the hardware. Vulnerabilities can be exploited by a threat actor, such as an attacker, to cross privilege boundaries (i.e. perform unauthorized actions) within a computer system. To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerabilities are also known as the attack surface.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Vulnerability management is a cyclical practice that varies in theory but contains common processes which include: discover all assets, prioritize assets, assess or perform a complete vulnerability scan, report on results, remediate vulnerabilities, verify remediation - repeat. This practice generally refers to software vulnerabilities in computing systems. Agile vulnerability management refers preventing attacks by identifying all vulnerabilities as quickly as possible.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: A security risk is often incorrectly classified as a vulnerability. The use of vulnerability with the same meaning of risk can lead to confusion. The risk is the potential of a significant impact resulting from the exploit of a vulnerability. Then there are vulnerabilities without risk: for example when the affected asset has no value. A vulnerability with one or more known instances of working and fully implemented attacks is classified as an exploitable vulnerability—a vulnerability for which an exploit exists. The window of vulnerability is the time from when the security hole was introduced or manifested in deployed software, to when access was removed, a security fix was available/deployed, or the attacker was disabled—see zero-day attack.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Security bug (security defect) is a narrower concept. There are vulnerabilities that are not related to software: hardware, site, personnel vulnerabilities are examples of vulnerabilities that are not software security bugs.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Constructs in programming languages that are difficult to use properly can manifest large numbers of vulnerabilities.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: The Committee on National Security Systems of United States of America defined vulnerability in CNSS Instruction No. 4009 dated 26 April 2010 National Information Assurance Glossary:


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Many NIST publications define vulnerability in IT context in different publications: FISMApedia term provide a list. Between them SP 800-30, give a broader one:


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: According to FAIR vulnerability is related to Control Strength, i.e. the strength of control as compared to a standard measure of force and the threat Capabilities, i.e. the probable level of force that a threat agent is capable of applying against an asset.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Data and Computer Security: Dictionary of standards concepts and terms, authors Dennis Longley and Michael Shain, Stockton Press, , defines vulnerability as:


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: A resource (either physical or logical) may have one or more vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a threat actor. The result can potentially compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of resources (not necessarily the vulnerable one) belonging to an organization and/or other parties involved (customers, suppliers). The so-called CIA triad is a cornerstone of Information Security.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: An attack can be "active" when it attempts to alter system resources or affect their operation, compromising integrity or availability. A ""passive attack"" attempts to learn or make use of information from the system but does not affect system resources, compromising confidentiality.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: OWASP (see figure) depicts the same phenomenon in slightly different terms: a threat agent through an attack vector exploits a weakness (vulnerability) of the system and the related security controls, causing a technical impact on an IT resource (asset) connected to a business impact.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: A set of policies concerned with the information security management system (ISMS), has been developed to manage, according to Risk management principles, the countermeasures to ensure a security strategy is set up following the rules and regulations applicable to a given organization. These countermeasures are also called Security controls, but when applied to the transmission of information, they are called security services.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: The research has shown that the most vulnerable point in most information systems is the human user, operator, designer, or other human: so humans should be considered in their different roles as asset, threat, information resources. Social engineering is an increasing security concern.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: The impact of a security breach can be very high. Most legislation sees the failure of IT managers to address IT systems and applications vulnerabilities if they are known to them as misconduct; IT managers have a responsibility to manage IT risk. Privacy law forces managers to act to reduce the impact or likelihood of that security risk. Information technology security audit is a way to let other independent people certify that the IT environment is managed properly and lessen the responsibilities, at least having demonstrated the good faith. Penetration test is a form of verification of the weakness and countermeasures adopted by an organization: a White hat hacker tries to attack an organization's information technology assets, to find out how easy or difficult it is to compromise the IT security. The proper way to professionally manage the IT risk is to adopt an Information Security Management System, such as ISO/IEC 27002 or Risk IT and follow them, according to the security strategy set forth by the upper management.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: One of the key concept of information security is the principle of defence in depth, i.e. to set up a multilayer defense system that can:


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Physical security is a set of measures to physically protect an information asset: if somebody can get physical access to the information asset, it is widely accepted that an attacker can access any information on it or make the resource unavailable to its legitimate users.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Some sets of criteria to be satisfied by a computer, its operating system and applications in order to meet a good security level have been developed: ITSEC and Common criteria are two examples.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Coordinated disclosure (some refer to it as 'responsible disclosure' but that is considered a biased term by others) of vulnerabilities is a topic of great debate. As reported by The Tech Herald in August 2010, "Google, Microsoft, TippingPoint, and Rapid7 have issued guidelines and statements addressing how they will deal with disclosure going forward." The other method is typically full disclosure, when all the details of a vulnerability is publicized, sometimes with the intent to put pressure on the software author to publish a fix more quickly. In January 2014 when Google revealed a Microsoft vulnerability before Microsoft released a patch to fix it, a Microsoft representative called for coordinated practices among software companies in revealing disclosures.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Mitre Corporation maintains an incomplete list of publicly disclosed vulnerabilities in a system called Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. This information is immediately shared with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), where each vulnerability is given a risk score using Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Common Platform Enumeration (CPE) scheme, and Common Weakness Enumeration.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Cloud service providers often don't list security issues in their services using the CVE system. There is currently no universal standard for cloud computing vulnerability enumeration, severity assessment, and no unified tracking mechanism. The Open CVDB initiative is a community-driven centralized cloud vulnerability database that catalogs CSP vulnerabilities, and lists the steps users can take to detect or prevent these issues in their own environments.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: OWASP maintains a list of vulnerability classes with the aim of educating system designers and programmers, therefore reducing the likelihood of vulnerabilities being written unintentionally into the software.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: The time of disclosure of a vulnerability is defined differently in the security community and industry. It is most commonly referred to as "a kind of public disclosure of security information by a certain party". Usually, vulnerability information is discussed on a mailing list or published on a security web site and results in a security advisory afterward.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: The time of disclosure is the first date a security vulnerability is described on a channel where the disclosed information on the vulnerability has to fulfill the following requirement:


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Many software tools exist that can aid in the discovery (and sometimes removal) of vulnerabilities in a computer system. Though these tools can provide an auditor with a good overview of possible vulnerabilities present, they can not replace human judgment. Relying solely on scanners will yield false positives and a limited-scope view of the problems present in the system.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Vulnerabilities have been found in every major operating system including Windows, macOS, various forms of Unix and Linux, OpenVMS, and others. The only way to reduce the chance of a vulnerability being used against a system is through constant vigilance, including careful system maintenance (e.g. applying software patches), best practices in deployment (e.g. the use of firewalls and access controls) and auditing (both during development and throughout the deployment lifecycle).


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: It is evident that a pure technical approach cannot always protect physical assets: one should have administrative procedure to let maintenance personnel to enter the facilities and people with adequate knowledge of the procedures, motivated to follow it with proper care. However, technical protections do not necessarily stop Social engineering (security) attacks.


title: Vulnerability (computing)

text: Some set of coding guidelines have been developed and a large number of static code analyzers has been used to verify that the code follows the guidelines.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: The Douglas DC-2 is a 14-passenger, twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Company starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935, Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful aircraft in history.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: In the early 1930s, fears about the safety of wooden aircraft structures drove the US aviation industry to develop all-metal airliners. United Airlines had exclusive right to the all metal twin-engine Boeing 247; rival TWA issued a specification for an all-metal trimotor.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: The Douglas response was more radical. When it flew on July 1, 1933, the prototype DC-1 had a robust tapered wing, retractable landing gear, and two 690 hp (515 kW) Wright radial engines driving variable-pitch propellers. It seated 12 passengers.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: Douglas test pilot Carl Cover flew the first test flight on May 11, 1934, of the DC-2 which was longer than the DC-1, had more powerful engines, and carried 14 passengers in a 66-inch-wide cabin. TWA was the launch customer for the DC-2 ordering twenty. The design impressed American and European airlines and further orders followed. Although Fokker had purchased a production licence from Douglas for $100,000 (about $2,224,000 in 2022) no manufacturing was done in The Netherlands. Those for European customers KLM, LOT, Swissair, CLS and LAPE purchased via Fokker in the Netherlands were built and flown by Douglas in the US, sea-shipped to Europe with wings and propellers detached, then erected at airfields by Fokker near the seaport of arrival (e.g. Cherbourg or Rotterdam). Airspeed Ltd. took a similar licence for DC-2s to be delivered in Britain and assigned the company designation Airspeed AS.23, but although a registration for one aircraft was reserved none were built. Another licence was taken by the Nakajima Aircraft Company in Japan; unlike Fokker and Airspeed, Nakajima built five aircraft as well as assembling at least one Douglas-built aircraft. A total of 130 civil DC-2s were built with another 62 for the United States military. In 1935 Don Douglas stated in an article that the DC-2 cost about $80,000 (about$1,780,000 in 2022) per aircraft if mass-produced.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: Although overshadowed by its ubiquitous successor, it was the DC-2 that first showed that passenger air travel could be comfortable, safe and reliable. As a token of this, KLM entered its first DC-2 PH-AJU "Uiver" (Stork) in the October 1934 MacRobertson Air Race between London and Melbourne. Out of the 20 entrants, it finished second behind only the purpose-built de Havilland DH.88 racer "Grosvenor House". During the total journey time of 90 hours, 13 min, it was in the air for 81 hours, 10 min, and won the handicap section of the race. (The DH.88 finished first in the handicap section, but the crew was by regulations allowed to claim only one victory.) It flew KLM's regular 9,000-mile route, (a thousand miles longer than the official race route), carrying mail, making every scheduled passenger stop, turning back once to pick up a stranded passenger, and even became lost in a thunderstorm and briefly stuck in the mud after a diversionary landing at the Albury race course on the last leg of the journey.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: Several DC-2s have survived and been preserved in the 21st century in the following museums in the following places:


title: Douglas DC-2

text: The DC-2 was the "Good Ship Lollipop" that Shirley Temple sang about in the film "Bright Eyes" (1934).


title: Douglas DC-2

text: A DC-2 appears in the 1937 film "Lost Horizon"; the footage includes taxiing, takeoff, and landing, as well as views in flight.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: In the 1956 film "Back from Eternity", the action centers on the passengers and crew of a DC-2, registry number N39165, which makes an emergency landing in headhunter territory in the remote South American jungle. The plane, Construction Number (C/N) 1404, survives today (see #Surviving aircraft) in the color scheme of the one operated by KLM when it came second in the MacRobertson Air Race in 1934, flying a DC-2 registered in the Netherlands as PH-AJU "Uiver". The real PH-AJU was lost in a crash a few months after the MacRobertson Air Race.


title: Douglas DC-2

text: Author Ernest K. Gann recounts his early days as a commercial pilot flying DC-2s in his memoir "Fate Is the Hunter". This includes a particularly harrowing account of flying a DC-2 with heavy ice.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Erislandy Lara Santoya (born 11 April 1983) is a Cuban-American professional boxer. He has held multiple world championships in two weight classes, including the WBA (Regular) middleweight title since 2021. Previously he held various versions (both Regular and Super) of the WBA light middleweight title between 2014 and 2021, and the IBO light middleweight title twice between 2015 and 2021. As of May 2022, Lara is ranked as the world's fifth best active middleweight by BoxRec.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Lara is regarded by some as one of the most technically skilled fighters in boxing today. He was captain of the Cuban national amateur team, winning a gold medal in the welterweight division at the 2005 World Championships as well as three consecutive Cuban national championships from 2005 to 2007.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: In 2005 after Aragon stepped down, Lara bested his countryman Yudel Jhonson Cedeno repeatedly and was sent to the world championships. There he avenged an earlier loss to Russian Andrey Balanov, beat American Boyd Melson, upset top favorite and Olympic champion Bakhtiyar Artayev (31–22), and won Gold against Magomed Nurutdinov (BLR).


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Lara has lost twice to another Kazakh, Bakhyt Sarsekbayev. In their only meeting, Lara beat American world champion Demetrius Andrade 9–4.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Erislandy Lara was considered a favorite to win the gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. However, in 2007, Lara and Guillermo Rigondeaux defected from Cuba during the Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Some weeks later, he was caught by Brazilian authorities and returned to Cuba where he was banned from practicing boxing indefinitely.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: In 2008, Lara attempted a second defection, this time on a speed boat to Mexico. Lara was successful and made his way to Hamburg, Germany, where he joined former Olympic champions Odlanier Solis, Yan Bartelemí, and Yuriorkis Gamboa in the Arena Box-Promotion stable.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 1 January 2009, Erislandy Lara made his ESPN debut and scored a first-round Technical knockout (TKO) against Rodrigo Aguiar. Lara's following fight came on 20 February 2009, against Keith Gross. Lara dropped Gross with a left hand, but Gross beat the count on wobbly legs. Lara continued unleashing combinations to the head and body. A left uppercut finished the fight within round one. On 2 May 2009, on the Pacquiao vs. Hatton undercard, Lara faced Chris Gray. Lara won the fight via unanimous decision. On 22 May 2009, Lara faced aging Edwin Vazquez. Lara finished the fight with good combinations, prompting the referee to stop the fight in round four. On that same night, fellow Cuban boxer Guillermo Rigondeaux made his pro debut, which he also won via referee stoppage in the third round. After beating Edwin Vazquez, Lara went on to win nine straight fights punctuated by four consecutive first-round knockout victories.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 25 March 2011, at The Cosmopolitan in Las Vegas, Lara fought Carlos Molina to a ten-round majority draw. Lara started by frequently targeting Molina's body with the left uppercut when Molina would attempt to close the distance. Early on, Molina seemed to predict and nullify much of Lara's attempted one-two combinations. Although Lara had trouble connecting with his signature straight left hand initially, he found the distance by the middle rounds and began to mix in short hooks to the head while blocking most of Molina's constant body work. Molina, on the other hand, was rarely able to find Lara's head throughout the entire fight. Relying on looping punches, Molina stayed close and took advantage of the clinches to land to the body. Visibly fatigued, Molina developed a cut under his left eye near the beginning of the ninth round as Lara landed a hard, clean, straight left hand and pushed the pace. Molina's higher output and pressure were favored by one judge while Lara's cleaner, sharper output and defense went largely unnoticed by ringside commentators. The final scorecards read: 95–95, 95–95, and 97–93 in favor of Molina.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Lara fought former WBO welterweight champion Paul Williams on 9 July 2011, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where he lost a majority decision. Judges Don Givens (116–114) and Hilton Whitaker II (115–114) both favored Williams, while Al Bennett scored it even at 114–114. Most boxing analysts and fans believed that Lara clearly won the fight and had been unfairly judged. Lara was able to land hard, clean left hands throughout the fight while maintaining superb defense. Williams appeared hurt in the later rounds but did, however, keep up a high output of punches despite their relative ineffectiveness. CompuBox recorded Lara landing 49% of his power punches compared to 21% by Williams. Lara also landed 7 more jabs and 17 more power punches than Williams, despite the near two-fold activity by Williams. Consequently, the New Jersey State Athletic Control Board suspended all three judges, and Lara received his first loss as a professional fighter in a highly controversial fashion.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 20 April 2012, Lara made his comeback to the ring after nine months to fight Ronald Hearns for the WBC super welterweight semi-final eliminator spot at the Beau Rivage casino resort in Biloxi, Mississippi. The fight, which was scheduled to go ten rounds, simply lasted one minute and 34 seconds as Lara delivered an impressive TKO in the first round. Referee Keith Hughes decided to stop the fight after Lara had sent Hearns to the canvas with a clean left hook, following the eight-count by the referee, Lara immediately delivered two fast combinations (one of which also required a count) that seemed to be enough to overwhelm Hearns, who seconds before the stoppage appeared to be defenseless upon Lara's final combination.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 10 November 2012, at the Wynn Resort in Las Vegas, Lara faced Vanes Martirosyan, who was undefeated at the time and known for his amateur wins over Andre Berto, Austin Trout, and Timothy Bradley. Lara connected on 42% of his power punches (40/95) while Martirosyan landed 16% of his (27/167) and only 6 jabs throughout the entire fight, according to CompuBox. Lara outlanded Martirosyan in overall punches, 74 to 33. After a clash of heads resulted in a gash over Martirosyan's left eye in the ninth round, the ringside doctor waved off the fight. The referee ordered the judges to score the final 26 seconds of the bout, which resulted in a technical draw (87–84 in favor of Lara, 86–85 in favor of Martirosyan, and 86–86). Dave Moretti was responsible for the tied scorecard and judged the ninth round as 10–10, disagreeing with the other two judges who scored the final 26 seconds as 10–9 for Lara.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 8 June 2013, at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, Lara received the first two knockdowns of his professional career en route to earning a TKO victory over Mexico's Alfredo Angulo along with the interim WBA super welterweight title. Angulo's left hook was vicious as he rushed in, guarded and low. Lara, in return, was able to utilize zigzag formations and vary the speed of his movement to bait Angulo's aggression. However, Lara struggled with the aggression of Angulo at times and was put on the canvas in rounds 4 and 9 courtesy of Angulo's vaunted left hook. Lara landed 56% of his power punches while Angulo landed 31% of his, according to CompuBox. The fight was stopped in round ten when Angulo refused to continue after a straight left hand by Lara caused swelling around his right eye. Angulo's injury was later revealed to be a broken orbital bone.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 7 December 2013, Lara fought Austin Trout at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Considered the favorite to win, Trout had recently beaten Miguel Cotto. Lara, however, put on a dominant performance as he immediately nullified Trout's offense using deft footwork and clean punching. In outclassing Trout, Lara scored a knockdown in round eleven via straight left hand. Trout was hurt for the remainder of the round as Lara pressed the action. Lara cruised to the unanimous decision (117–111, 117–111, and 118–109) and retained his WBA interim super welterweight title.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Lara fought Canelo Álvarez on 12 July 2014, at the MGM Grand in a non-title match. Lara's WBA super welterweight title was not on the line as the fight took place at a 155-pound catchweight, and both fighters weighed in at precisely 155 pounds. Álvarez rehydrated to 171 pounds while Lara came into the ring at 166 pounds. In a very close and competitive fight that went to a split decision, Álvarez came out on top with two judges scoring 115–113 in favor of each fighter and the final judge scoring 117–111 in favor of Álvarez. The final scorecard was controversial as many observers considered it far too wide. According to CompuBox, Lara landed 55 jabs to nine from Álvarez, who landed the jab at a 5% connect rate. Álvarez managed to land 88 power punches (73 to the body) while Lara landed 53 power punches all to the head. Lara's clean punching along with his defense and movement were weighed against Álvarez's effective aggressiveness. Lara came out in dominant fashion, utilizing a stick-and-move style and capturing the early rounds. Álvarez was later able to hammer away to the body when he had Lara on the ropes but never adjusted to Lara's one-two combinations. Lara's lead hand played a huge role in this combination's effectiveness, but his output dropped in the middle rounds. Álvarez was able to cut Lara with a lead left uppercut in the seventh round. Although the decision remains controversial, any talk of a rematch in the future was dismissed by Oscar De La Hoya who went on to say, "No one wants a rematch." This fight resulted in Lara's second professional loss.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 12 December 2014, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, Lara showcased his ability to move in range to punch and then swiftly escape without taking damage against Ishe Smith. Lara consistently landed the straight left hand after “blinding” or “occupying” Smith's guard with the lead hand. Lara would move in a forward direction towards Smith and escape in a linear direction, oftentimes sidestepping, while landing the one-two combination. This lateral movement was enhanced by Lara's wide boxing stance, which also enhanced Lara's punching power. Lara was frequently able to turn Smith into additional punches by stepping around Smith's lead foot, thus enabling Lara to set traps. Lara dominated the fight and successfully defended his WBA (Regular) super welterweight title by unanimous decision with the scorecards reading: 119–109, 119–109, and 117–111.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 12 June 2015, Lara defended his WBA (Regular) super welterweight title and won the vacant IBO title against Delvin Rodríguez at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago. In a technical exhibition, Lara's exquisite timing and fast hands allowed him to out land Rodríguez 233 to 63 in total punches and connect on 62% of his power punches. Lara was able to score a knockdown in round six via straight left hand. In a virtual shutout, Lara earned a unanimous decision with all three judges agreeing 120–107.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 25 November 2015, Lara defended his WBA and IBO super welterweight titles against Jan Zaveck in Hialeah, Florida. On a wetted canvas due to prior heavy rain, Lara began by walking down Zaveck who was relying on wide punches. Lara continued to stay in the pocket and countered Zaveck, halting his aggression. At the end of round two, Zaveck was hurt after Lara split his jab with a clean left hand. Lara landed a straight left hand at the start of round three followed by a series of combinations punctuating with an uppercut at which point Zaveck put his hand out, turned away, and refused to continue. Zaveck appeared to be in quite a lot of pain after the fight, which was stopped 41 seconds into round three.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: It was announced that Lara would be defending his titles in a rematch from 2012 with Vanes Martirosyan, which ended in a draw. The fight was to take place as part of a triple header also including the Charlo twins and Austin Trout. The fight took place on 21 May 2016, in Las Vegas. On fight night, Lara unofficially weighed 160.5 pounds while Martirosyan came in at 170 pounds. Martirosyan spent much of the fight attempting to impose his strength and body work on Lara. As a result, Martirosyan inadvertently landed multiple low blows until he was deducted a point in the eleventh round. The bout was also plagued by head clashes much like during their previous encounter. In the early rounds both men stayed in perfect range, each relying on their own reflexes and quick transitions from defense to offense. Lara found openings for his sharp punches. As the fight progressed, he was more mobile and dictated the pace, outmaneuvering Martirosyan while managing to land flashy 1-2-1 combinations. After seizing ring generalship, Paulie Malignaggi noted Lara's "fluid footwork" and a resemblance to Pernell Whitaker as he often ducked low and displayed tricky pivot moves to evade Martirosyan's punches by inches. Lara landed 63 jabs and 60% of his power punches to Martirosyan's 16 jabs and 23% power punch connect rate. The fight averaged 491,000 viewers and peaked at 545,000 viewers.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Early reports on 30 November 2016, stated that there were talks of Lara to defend his WBA and IBO titles against former WBA super welterweight champion Yuri Foreman (34-2, 10 KOs). Lara's team was also in talks with Luis Collazo. It was confirmed that the fight against Foreman would headline the Premier Boxing Champions on 13 January 2017. The fight was held at the Hialeah Park Racing and Casino in Miami, Florida, in front of a largely Cuban crowd. Foreman was knocked down in round three. Upon closer inspection, the fall could easily have been ruled a slip. Lara won the fight after delivering a knockout in the fourth round via left uppercut. Although Foreman beat the count, he was on unsteady legs after multiple attempts to get back up. The referee promptly waved off the bout. In the post-fight interview, Lara expressed his desire to finally face off with unified middleweight titlist Gennady Golovkin and rematch lineal middleweight titlist Canelo Álvarez. The fight averaged 547,000 viewers on Spike TV and peaked at 707,000.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: It was confirmed on 24 August 2017, by Ringtv that Lara would fight former Olympian Terrell Gausha (20-0, 9 KOs) as part of a super welterweight triple header on 14 October 2017, at the Barclays Center in New York City. Other fights on the card would include Jermell Charlo's mandatory title defence against top prospect Erickson Lubin and Jarrett Hurd defending his IBF title against former champion Austin Trout. In front of 7,643, Lara knocked down Gausha en route to a 12-round unanimous decision to retain his world titles. Lara used his accurate jab and left hand putting on a clinic winning with the scorecards 116-111 and 117-110 twice in his favour. Lara connected with a left hook followed by a left straight, which floored Gausha in the fourth round. Lara landed 121 of 528 punches (23%), while Gausha connected with 77 of 329 (23%), which appeared to do little damage. Lara praised his opponent in the post-fight interview, "We want to give a lot of credit to Gausha. He's an Olympian. I take the rhythm of the boxing match, and that's when I take over. He's fighting with the best in the division. He's not a stupid fighter, but he knew who he was facing today." Lara earned $700,000 for the fight and Gausha had a $250,000 purse. This fight, which was the main event of a triple header, averaged 399,000 viewers and peaked at 476,000 viewers on Showhtime.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Demetrius Andrade vacated his WBA (Regular) title on 22 October 2017, after making his debut at middleweight. The WBA, in their efforts to reduce the number of titles in each weight division, promoted Interim titleholder Brian Castaño (14-0, 10 KOs) to WBA (Regular) champion. On 29 October, the WBA ordered the fight between Lara and Castaño. On 9 January 2018, it was confirmed that a deal was being put in place for a unification fight between Lara and IBF junior middleweight champion Jarrett Hurd (21-0, 15 KO) for April 2018 with Showtime televising the bout. On 25 January, the fight was confirmed to take place on 7 April. It was reported Lara would receive a purse of $1 million and Hurd would receive a $500,000 purse. Lara weighed 153.5 pounds and Hurd came in slightly lighter at 153 pounds.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Hurd won a 12-round split decision over Lara in what was a potential fight of a year candidate to become a unified light middleweight champion. With the fight in the balance, Hurd knocked Lara down with a short left hook in round 12 with a minute remaining. Lara was hurt from the knockdown, but was able to get up and still throw some nice shots. Hurd dominated the final round. Two judges scored the fight 114-113 for Hurd and the third judge had the same score for Lara, meaning the knockdown was the deciding factor in the fight. A lot of rounds where close with Lara using effective counter punching and combinations, whereas Hurd used his size to stalk Lara and land power shots. Lara's right eye began to swell from round 7 and was eventually cut at the start of round 12. Lara started the fight the better boxer of the two, due to Hurd not putting as much pressure on Lara until the later rounds. With the win, Hurd became seventh unified world title holder in light middleweight history, joining Hall of Famers Terry Norris, Félix Trinidad, Oscar De La Hoya and Winky Wright, as well as Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Canelo Álvarez.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Despite the knockdown, Lara thought he had a good enough lead to win the fight. Had Lara not been knocked down, the fight would have finished a majority draw with both boxers keeping their respective belts. In regards to the decision, Lara said, "Besides the last round, I thought I was winning this fight easily. That's not to decide the fight. One punch in a fight doesn't determine the fight. One hundred percent I want the rematch. The problem was the cut on the eye. I couldn't see in the last round." After the fight, Hurd said, "It was a tough one, but I went out there and did exactly what I said I was going to do -- fight all 12 rounds and get the victory. I didn't feel like that [12th-round knockdown for the win]. I feel like I was in control the whole fight, applying the pressure." According to CompuBox statistics, Hurd landed 217 of 824 punches thrown (26%) and Lara landed 176 of his 572 thrown (31%). Hurd outlanded Lara 106-71 in the final four rounds, with 96 being power shots compared to Lara's 58 power punches. The fight, televised on Showtime, averaged 490,000 viewers and peaked at 521,000 viewers.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: Although the WBA ordered a direct rematch between Lara and Hurd, the latter rejected the idea stating he wanted to move on to bigger fights to become undisputed light middleweight champion.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: In October 2018, at the WBC annual convention in Kyiv, it was announced that Jermell Charlo would be allowed to make another voluntary defence and Lara was ordered to fight Julian Williams (25-1-1, 15 KOs, 1 NC) in a final eliminator. At the time, Williams was already IBF's #1 ranked. On 30 October, according to Brian Castaño's manager Sebastian Contursis, a deal was being worked out to have Castaño fight Lara. A date in January 2019 was being discussed. In order for Castaño to defend his WBA (Regular) belt against Lara, the WBA granted him a special permit.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: On 2 March, 2019, Lara faced Brian Castano for the WBA world super welterweight title and fought to a split-decision draw. One judge had it 115-113 for Lara, one had it 115-113 for Castano while the third judge saw it as a draw, scoring the fight 114-114. The split-decision draw was met with approval from both boxing fans and pundits alike.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: In his next fight, Lara ranked #2 by the WBA at super welterweight, fought Ramon Alvarez, the brother of Canelo Alvarez, who was ranked #6 by the WBA, for the vacant WBA super welterweight title. Lara labeled the fight personal because of his history with the Alvarez family. Lara dominated the fight and stopped Alvarez within two rounds, to earn yet another title belt in his career.


title: Erislandy Lara

text: In his first title defence, Lara faced WBA #11, Greg Vendetti. Vendetti showed a lot of courage and fight, but Lara was simply too good for him, outboxing him in almost every round of the fight. All three judges saw it that way, as Lara won the fight via unanimous decision in his second successful title defence.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Kyle Van Noy (born March 26, 1991) is an American football linebacker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). Van Noy played college football at BYU was selected in the second round of the 2014 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions, with whom he spent his first three seasons. He played his next four seasons for the New England Patriots, where he won Super Bowl LI and Super Bowl LIII. Following a year as a member of the Miami Dolphins, he rejoined New England in 2021. Van Noy signed with the Chargers the following season.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was born in Reno, Nevada and was partially raised in Lodi, California. He attended McQueen High School in Reno where, as an all-state linebacker and receiver, he led his high school football team to a perfect 14–0 record and a 4A state championship in 2008, and was rated as a 2-star recruit by "Rivals.com" and "Scout.com".


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In addition to playing football, Van Noy lettered in basketball, baseball, and track where he was an all-league performer (4 × 100 m, 4 × 200 m and 4 × 400 m). He also ran the 100 meters in 11.84 seconds and the 400 meters in 50.99 seconds.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was ranked the 63rd best high school athlete by ESPN. He received scholarship offers from Arizona, Arizona State University, Boise State University, BYU, California, University of Colorado, UCLA, UNLV, Nevada, San Jose State University, and Stanford.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was admitted to BYU in 2009 but sat out his first year due to an honor code violation. During the 2010 season, he played in every game while starting two and earned letterman honors. He recorded 35 tackles (24 solo) and was third on the team with 7.5 tackles-for-loss including 2.0 sacks. He also recorded two forced fumbles, two quarterback hurries, two pass breakups and one fumble recovery (which he returned 44 yards for a touchdown).


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy started eight and played in all 13 games of the 2011 season, recording 68 tackles and leading the team with 15 tackles for loss, 7 sacks, 10 quarterback hurries and tied for the team lead with three interceptions. During the 2011 season, Van Noy was the only FBS Division I player to record a stat in each of the following categories: tackle, tackle for loss, sack, interception, pass breakup, quarterback hurry, fumble recovery, forced fumble, blocked kick and touchdown. Like the 2010 season, he again recovered a fumble (which he forced), which he returned for the game-winning touchdown.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: He was named to the Phil Steele All-Independent First-team, Yahoo! Sports All-Independent Team and FBS All-Independent Team.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In 2012, Van Noy was the defensive leader of a BYU team that led the nation in red zone defense (opponent red zone percentage of .62), was second in rushing defense (84.25 yards/game), third in 3rd down conversion percentage (27.71%) and total defense (allowing 26.33 yards/game), fourth in 1st down defense (14.83/game), and fifth in scoring defense (176 total points). Additionally, they were in the top 25 in passing defense (13th), sacks (22nd), 4th down conversion defense (23rd), and tackles for loss (25th).


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In 13 games played he recorded 53 tackles, 22 tackles-for-loss, 13 sacks, 2 interceptions (one for a touchdown), 6 forced fumbles, and 1 fumble recovered (for a touchdown), 8 quarterback hurries, 5 pass break-ups, and 2 blocked kicks. Van Noy dominated in BYU's 23–6 victory over San Diego State in the 2012 San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl, where he recorded 8 tackles, 1.5 sacks, 1 forced fumble, 1 fumble recovery (for a touchdown), 1 interception (for a touchdown), and a blocked punt. One writer speculated that Van Noy's performance, in a bowl, may be the best defensive performance by a BYU Cougar ever.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was named to the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Lombardi Award and Chuck Bednarik Award Watch Lists, was National Linebacker of week 3, and was third team All-American.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was projected as a first or second round pick in the 2013 NFL Draft, but opted to remain at BYU for his senior season.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: As a senior in 2013, Van Noy was named to the watch lists for the Butkus Award, Rotary Lombardi, Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Walter Camp, Chuck Bednarik Award, and the Lott Trophy. He was a Phil Steele, USA Today, and SI.com Preseason All-American and finished the season All-America to Walter Camp Second-team, Athlon Sports Third-team, CBSSports.com Third-team and Sport and SI.com Honorable Mention. He was also named to the All-Independent first-team and was the All-Independent Defensive Player of the Year. In his final collegiate season, he recorded 70 total tackles, 17 tackles-for-loss, four sacks, two interceptions, six passes defended, and two fumble recoveries.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On December 16, 2013, it was announced that Van Noy had accepted his invitation to the Senior Bowl. On January 25, 2014, Van Noy played in the 2014 Senior Bowl and recorded two solo tackles and one sack as part of Jacksonville Jaguars' head coach Gus Bradley's South team that defeated the North 20–10. His Senior Bowl performance helped solidify his status as a top outside linebacker in the draft. He was also ranked as the top outside linebacker in the Senior Bowl by the Reese's Senior Bowl Executive Director Phil Savage. Van Noy attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and completed all of the combine drills.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On March 14, 2014, Van Noy participated at BYU's pro day, but chose to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. Van Noy attended pre-draft visits with multiple teams, including the Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens, Detroit Lions, and Jacksonville Jaguars. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Van Noy was projected to be a second round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the fourth best outside linebacker prospect in the draft by CBS Sports and was ranked as the fifth best outside linebacker by DraftScout.com and NFL analyst Mike Mayock. Van Noy was also ranked as the fifth best linebacker by Sports Illustrated.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: The Detroit Lions selected Van Noy in the second round (40th overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. The Lions traded their second (45th overall), fourth (111th overall), and seventh round (227th overall) picks to the Seattle Seahawks in exchange for a fifth round pick (146th overall) and a second round pick (40th overall) that was used to draft Van Noy. Van Noy was the sixth linebacker drafted in 2014.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On June 4, 2014, the Detroit Lions signed Van Noy to a four-year, $5.10 million rookie contract with $2.63 million guaranteed and a $2.03 million signing bonus.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Throughout training camp, Van Noy competed against Ashlee Palmer to be the starting strongside linebacker. On August 25, 2014, it was reported that Van Noy had noticed an abdominal injury five days prior and would miss the next four to six weeks. On August 28, 2014, the Lions announced that Van Noy had successfully undergone muscle core surgery, but offered no timetable on his return.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On November 9, 2014, Van Noy made his professional regular season debut and registered two solo tackles during a 20–16 victory against the Miami Dolphins in Week 10. Van Noy completed his rookie season in 2014 with six solo tackles while appearing in eight games with zero starts. The Lions finished second in the NFC North with an 11–5 record and earned a wildcard playoff berth. On January 4, 2015, Van Noy appeared in his first career playoff game as the Lions lost 24–20 at the Dallas Cowboys during the NFC Wildcard Game.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: During training camp, Van Noy competed against Tahir Whitehead to be the starting strongside linebacker. Head coach Jim Caldwell named Van Noy the backup strongside linebacker, behind Tahir Whitehead, to start the regular season. Van Noy was inactive as a healthy scratch for the Lions' Week 5 loss to the Arizona Cardinals due to the return of DeAndre Levy. On October 25, 2015, Van Noy recorded two solo tackles and made his first career sack during the Lions' 28–19 loss to the Minnesota Vikings in Week 7. Van Noy sacked Vikings' quarterback Teddy Bridgewater for a one-yard loss during the first quarter. In Week 12, he collected a season-high three solo tackles during a 45–14 win against the Philadelphia Eagles. He finished the 2015 NFL season with ten combined tackles (eight solo) and one sack in 16 games and one start.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Throughout training camp, Van Noy competed against Jon Bostic and Josh Bynes for job as a starting linebacker. Head coach Jim Caldwell named Van Noy the starting strongside linebacker to begin the regular season. He started the season alongside DeAndre Levy and middle linebacker Tahir Whitehead.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: He made his first career start in the Lions' season-opener at the Indianapolis Colts and deflected one pass during their 39–35 victory. In Week 4, he collected a season-high seven solo tackles during a 17–14 loss at the Chicago Bears. Before being traded, Van Noy started the first seven games of the season for the Lions and registered 23 total tackles. He finished his time with the Lions with a total of 39 tackles since 2014.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On October 25, 2016, the Detroit Lions traded Van Noy and a seventh round pick (239th overall) in the 2017 NFL Draft to the New England Patriots in exchange for a sixth round pick (215th overall) in 2017. Van Noy was inactive for his first two games with the Patriots (Weeks 8 and 10), and served as the backup weakside linebacker, behind Shea McClellin.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On November 20, 2016, Van Noy played in his first game as a member of the Patriots and recorded three combined tackles and one sack during their 30–17 win at the San Francisco 49ers in Week 11. On December 4, 2016, Van Noy recorded five combined tackles, broke up a pass, and made his first career interception during a 26–10 win against the Los Angeles Rams. Van Noy intercepted a pass by Rams' rookie quarterback Jared Goff during the third quarter after the play was disrupted by Jabaal Sheard. He appeared in seven games for the Patriots in 2016 and recorded 29 combined tackles (11 solo), two pass deflections, one sack, and one interception. In total, Van Noy finished the season with 52 combined tackles (32 solo), three pass deflections, one sack, and one interception in 14 games and nine starts.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: The Patriots finished first in the AFC East with a 14–2 record and earned a first round bye in the playoffs. The Patriots defeated the Houston Texans 34–16 in the AFC Divisional Round. On January 22, 2017, Van Noy recorded four solo tackles during a 36–17 win against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship Game. On February 5, 2017, Van Noy appeared in Super Bowl LI and made one tackle and was credited with half a sack during the Patriots' 34–28 overtime victory against the Atlanta Falcons. The Patriots came back from a 25-point deficit in the third quarter to defeat the Falcons and earn Van Noy the first Super Bowl victory of his career.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: During training camp, Van Noy competed to be a starting outside linebacker against David Harris, Elandon Roberts, and Shea McClellin. Van Noy was the starting strongside linebacker to begin the regular season. He started alongside Elandon Roberts and middle linebacker Dont'a Hightower. On September 8, 2017, the Patriots signed Van Noy to a two-year, $11.75 million contract that includes $5.50 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $3.50 million.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In Week 3, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo) during a 36–33 win against the Houston Texans. On October 15, 2017, Van Noy recorded seven combined tackles and made a season-high two sacks during a 24–17 victory at the New York Jets in Week 7. He sustained a calf injury and was inactive for three games (Weeks 14–16). Van Noy finished the 2017 NFL season with 73 combined tackles (58 solo), 5.5 sacks, and two pass deflections in 13 games and 12 starts.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: The Patriots finished atop their division with a 13–3 record and earned a first round bye in the playoffs. The Patriots defeated the Tennessee Titans 35–14 in the AFC Divisional Round. On January 21, 2018, Van Noy made nine combined tackles, a pass deflection, and made one sack as the Patriots defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 24–20 in the AFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Van Noy started in Super Bowl LII and made five combined tackles as the Patriots lost 41–33 to the Philadelphia Eagles.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Then-linebackers coach Brian Flores took over duties as defensive coordinator after Matt Patricia accepted the head coaching position with the Detroit Lions. He named Van Noy and Dont'a Hightower the starting linebackers to begin the regular season as the Patriots continued to use a base defense that deployed only two linebackers.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On October 21, 2018, Van Noy registered six solo tackles and scored his first career touchdown after returning a blocked punt during the Patriots 38–31 victory at the Chicago Bears in Week 7. During the third quarter, teammate Dont'a Hightower blocked a punt attempt by Bears' punter Pat O'Donnell that was recovered by Van Noy and returned 29 yards for a touchdown. In Week 10, he collected a season-high 12 combined tackles (five solo) during the Patriots' 34–10 loss at the Tennessee Titans. Against the New York Jets on December 30, 2018, Van Noy scored his second career touchdown after recovering a fumble forced by teammate Adam Butler. On January 13, 2019, the Patriots defeated the Chargers in the AFC Divisional Round of the playoffs to move on to the AFC Championship Game. Van Noy recorded 4 tackles in the win. On January 20, 2019, the Patriots defeated the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Championship Game in overtime. In the game, Van Noy recorded 10 tackles, 2 sacks, and a forced fumble. The win advanced the Patriots to their third straight Super Bowl. In Super Bowl LIII, Van Noy recorded 3 tackles, a sack, and a tackle for loss in the Patriots' 13–3 victory over the Los Angeles Rams. The 3 points allowed by the Patriots defense were tied for the fewest ever in a Super Bowl.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In Week 4 against the Buffalo Bills, Van Noy recorded a team high 8 tackles, 2 sacks on Josh Allen, and forced 2 fumbles in the 16–10 win. He was named AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his efforts.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In week 6 against the New York Giants, Van Noy recorded a sack on rookie quarterback Daniel Jones and recovered a fumble forced by teammate Jamie Collins on Jon Hilliman and returned the ball for a 20-yard touchdown in the 35–14 win. In week 7 against the New York Jets, Van Noy recovered a fumble by Jets quarterback Sam Darnold forced by teammate John Simon in the 33–0 win.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: In week 9 against the Baltimore Ravens, Van Noy forced a fumble on running back Mark Ingram II that was recovered by teammate Lawrence Guy in the 37–20 loss.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On March 21, 2020, the Miami Dolphins signed Van Noy to a four-year, $51 million contract that included $30 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $12 million. The signing reunited Van Noy with Dolphins head coach Brian Flores, who was the linebackers coach in New England from 2016 to 2018. He was also reunited with former Patriots' linebackers Kamu Grugier-Hill and Elandon Roberts.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy made his debut with the Dolphins in Week 1 against his former team, the New England Patriots. During the game, Van Noy sacked quarterback Cam Newton once in the 21–11 loss. In Week 3 against the Jacksonville Jaguars on "Thursday Night Football", Van Noy recorded a strip sack and later recovered the football during the 31–13 win. In Week 13, Van Noy recorded eight tackles, five for loss, and three sacks in a 19–7 win over the Cincinnati Bengals. His efforts earned him AFC Defensive Player of the Week honors. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on November 12, 2020, and was activated two days later.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: On March 19, 2021, the Patriots signed Van Noy to a two-year deal worth up to $13.2 million. While he was productive in his second stint in New England, the Patriots were tight on cap space so they released Van Noy on March 7, 2022.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy was college roommates and a mentor to football player and former Lions teammate Ziggy Ansah, and best friends with former BYU basketball player Brandon Davies.


title: Kyle Van Noy

text: Van Noy proposed to on-again, off-again girlfriend the former Miss Utah USA winner, Marissa Powell in December 2013. They were married in 2014. Both are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They have a son Trae Legend, and a daughter Giavanna Monnae.


title: Johnson Space Center

text: The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) is NASA's center for human spaceflight (originally named the Manned Spacecraft Center), where human spaceflight training, research, and flight control are conducted. It was renamed in honor of the late US president and Texas native, Lyndon B. Johnson, by an act of the United States Senate on February 19, 1973.


title: Johnson Space Center

text: It consists of a complex of 100 buildings constructed on in the Clear Lake Area of Houston, which acquired the official nickname "Space City" in 1967. The center is home to NASA's astronaut corps, and is responsible for training astronauts from both the US and its international partners. It houses the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center, which has provided the flight control function for every NASA human spaceflight since Gemini 4 (including Apollo, Skylab, Apollo–Soyuz, and Space Shuttle). It is popularly known by its radio call signs "Mission Control" and "Houston".


title: Johnson Space Center

text: The original Manned Spacecraft Center grew out of the Space Task Group (STG) headed by Robert R. Gilruth that was formed to coordinate the US crewed spaceflight program. The STG was based at the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, but reported organizationally to the Goddard Space Flight Center just outside Washington, D.C. To meet the growing needs of the US human spaceflight program, plans began in 1961 to expand its staff to its own organization, and move it to a new facility. This was constructed in 1962 and 1963 on land donated by the Humble Oil company through Rice University, and officially opened its doors in September 1963. Today, JSC is one of ten major NASA field centers.


title: Johnson Space Center

text: Johnson Space Center has its origins in NASA's Space Task Group (STG). Starting on November 5, 1958, Langley Research Center engineers under Robert R. Gilruth directed Project Mercury and follow-on crewed space programs. The STG originally reported to the Goddard Space Flight Center organization, with a total staff of 45, including 37 engineers, and eight secretaries and human "computers" (women who ran calculations on mechanical adding machines). In 1959, the center added 32 Canadian engineers put out of work by the cancellation of the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow project. NASA's first administrator, T. Keith Glennan, realized that the growth of the US space program would cause the STG to outgrow the Langley and Goddard centers and require its own location. On January 1, 1961, he wrote a memo to his yet-unnamed successor (who turned out to be James E. Webb), recommending a new site be chosen. Later that year, when President John F. Kennedy set the goal to put a person on the Moon by the end of the decade, it became clear Gilruth would need a larger organization to lead the Apollo Program, with new test facilities and research laboratories.


title: Johnson Space Center

text: In 1961, Congress held hearings and passed a $1.7 billion 1962 NASA appropriations bill which included $60 million for the new crewed spaceflight laboratory. A set of requirements for the new site was drawn up and released to the Congress and general public. These included: access to water transport by large barges, a moderate climate, availability of all-weather commercial jet service, a well-established industrial complex with supporting technical facilities and labor, close proximity to a culturally attractive community in the vicinity of an institution of higher education, a strong electric utility and water supply, at least of land, and certain specified cost parameters. In August 1961, Webb asked Associate Director of the Ames Research Center John F. Parsons to head a site-selection team, which included Philip Miller, Wesley Hjornevik, and I. Edward Campagna, the construction


title: Johnson Space Center

text: engineer for the STG. The team initially came up with a list of 22 cities based on the climate and water criteria, then cut this to a short list of nine with nearby federal facilities: