title: Professional ethics

text: As attending college after high school graduation becomes a standard in the lives of young people, colleges and universities are becoming more business-like in their expectations of the students. Although people have differing opinions about if it is effective, surveys state that it is the overall goal of the university administrators. Setting up a business-like atmosphere helps students get adjusted from a more relaxed nature, like high school, towards what will be expected of them in the business world upon graduating from college.


title: Professional ethics

text: Codes of conduct, such as the St. Xavier Code of Conduct, are becoming more of a staple in the academic lives of students. While some of these rules are based solely on academics others are more in depth than in previous years, such as, detailing the level of respect expected towards staff and gambling.


title: Professional ethics

text: Not only do codes of conduct apply while attending the schools at home, but also while studying abroad. Schools also implement a code of conduct for international study abroad programs which carry over many of the same rules found in most student handbooks.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: 24 Sussex Drive, originally called "Gorffwysfa" and usually referred to simply as 24 Sussex, is the official residence of the prime minister of Canada, located in the New Edinburgh neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario. Built between 1866 and 1868 by Joseph Merrill Currier, it has been the official home of the prime minister of Canada since 1951. It is one of two official residences made available to the prime minister, the Harrington Lake estate in nearby Gatineau Park being the other.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: The house at 24 Sussex Drive was originally commissioned in 1866 by lumberman and Member of Parliament Joseph Merrill Currier as a wedding gift for his wife-to-be Hannah Wright. It was completed in 1868 and Currier named it "Gorffwysfa", Welsh for "place of rest". It was sold for $30,000 in 1901, after Hannah Currier's death, to William Edwards.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: In 1943, the federal Crown-in-Council used its power of expropriation to divest Gordon Edwards, nephew of William Edwards, of his title to the house, to consolidate public ownership of the lands along the Ottawa River. Edwards had fought the action, but eventually lost the dispute with the Canadian government in 1946 and died at the house later that year. After several years of uncertainty, in 1950 the government decided to refurbish the property as a residence for the prime minister, the renovations costing just over $500,000. Louis St. Laurent was the first to take up residence in 1951. Since then, every prime minister—except for Kim Campbell (who resided at Harrington Lake) and, to date, Justin Trudeau (who has opted to reside at Rideau Cottage pending a review of work needed to repair the house)—has resided at 24 Sussex Drive for the duration of their mandates. Previous prime ministers lived at a variety of locations around Ottawa: Sir Wilfrid Laurier and William Lyon Mackenzie King, for instance, lived at Laurier House in Sandy Hill. Laurier House was willed to the Crown upon Mackenzie King's death in 1950 and was thus also available for designation as the prime minister's official residence at the time.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: Security at 24 Sussex was overhauled following a November 1995 attempted assassination by André Dallaire, who wandered around the house and grounds for nearly an hour before being confronted outside Jean Chrétien's bedroom by the prime minister's wife, Aline; she locked the door to the bedroom while Jean guarded it with an Inuit stone carving. Ultimately, Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers arrested Dallaire. Measures put in place after the attempted assassination include the addition of several more guards and security cameras to the house's attaché, and the installation of crash-proof barriers within the main gates.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: Unlike 10 Downing Street or the White House, 24 Sussex Drive has been used almost exclusively as a place of residence (and therefore its address has never been widely used as a metonym for the Office of the Prime Minister). The prime minister's work is carried out by the Office of the Prime Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building, near Parliament Hill. However, prime ministers have conducted some work at 24 Sussex Drive over the years, and informal meetings between prime ministers and other government or foreign officials have taken place in the house (foreign heads of state on state visits are officially hosted by the monarch or Governor General of Canada at Rideau Hall).


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: Despite the building not having any bureaucratic function, it has been the location of protests, such as when farmers drove their tractors in a convoy past the front of the property in 2006 and when Greenpeace activists chained themselves to the front gates in March 2007.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: Stephen Harper is the most recent prime minister to have resided at 24 Sussex Drive. After Harper left office in 2015, his successor Justin Trudeau (who grew up at 24 Sussex Drive when his father was prime minister) has instead resided at Rideau Cottage. 24 Sussex has remained unoccupied but staff use its kitchen to prepare meals which are then delivered to Trudeau's family at Rideau Cottage.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: The residence at 24 Sussex Drive is a large, limestone-clad structure set on on the south bank of the Ottawa River, overlooking Governor Bay, next to the French embassy and opposite the main entrance to Rideau Hall. The house consists of 35 rooms spread on four floors, including the basement, connected by an elevator and many staircases. The basement consists of support rooms, while the main floor holds the dining room, living room, kitchen (which is staffed by a head chef and support staff), main stair hall, prime minister's library, and a sun room. The second floor is primarily bedrooms, including the master bedroom, as well as a family room (described by Margaret Trudeau as her "freedom room") and the office of prime minister's spouse. The third floor contains additional bedrooms and a private study for the prime minister.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: The exterior of the house is a mid-century modern take on Norman Revival architecture. When originally built, it was very much of the Victorian (Queen Anne) style; it had high gables, extensive verandahs, and a liberal use of gingerbread trim. A turret was added by the Edwards family in 1907. After it was decided in 1950 the house would become the official residence of the prime minister, the turret, widow's walk, trim, main gable at the front, verandahs, and porte-cochère were removed and an extension added to the east. The interior was gutted, save for part of the dining room.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: The National Capital Commission (NCC) maintains the house, its property, and a selection of historic furnishings from the Crown Collection for use in the public rooms of the mansion, ranging from musical instruments to chairs, tables, and paintings by famous Canadians. However, due to the lack of restraints on the prime minister of the day to do what he or she pleases with the home, several have left their own marks on the building. For example, the rear patio was enclosed and winterised while Lester B. Pearson was prime minister and inside, Pearson's wife, Maryon, created in the basement the "Canadiana Room", where she collected Canadian antiques and craft-work. While Joe Clark and his family were resident at 24 Sussex, the interiors were redecorated, the dining room ceiling receiving gold leaf re-purposed from another project. Unnamed business associates of Pierre Trudeau installed a swimming pool for his frequent workouts. The pool, designed by government architect Stig Harvor, reportedly cost due to an underground access increasing the expense. This was raised in a "public fund" headed by Keith Davey, the donors to which were never made public. Brian Mulroney was the first prime minister to have the costs of renovations publicly revealed. The high tab for his and his wife's alterations to the building caused political controversy, especially as some of the costs were paid for from the PC Canada Fund, which raised money from individual donations to fund the Progressive Conservative Party.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: Since the renovation of the house in 2001, very little has been spent on upkeep of 24 Sussex Drive, leaving parts of it worn and outdated, including the heating and cooling systems, wiring, and roofing. On May 6, 2008, the Auditor General reported that the house was in poor condition and needed about $10 million in repairs and upgrades, which would require at least 12 to 15 months of "full access" to complete. In October 2015, Bryan Baeumler estimated $15 million might be necessary to properly renovate the residence. The NCC devised a plan for major renovations, asserting such a project would require approximately 18 months. In 2021 the NCC released a new cost estimate of $36.6 million to bring the house to a state of good repair.


title: 24 Sussex Drive

text: There have been occasional calls to demolish the entire structure and rebuild. Maureen McTeer, wife of former Prime Minister Joe Clark, said the building is "completely lacking" in architectural value and is not worth saving. The idea of removing part of the structure and replacing it with a modern section has also been proposed. The designation as a federal heritage building, though not legally binding, would probably protect it against such a measure.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie () is a 1972 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel from a screenplay co-written with Jean-Claude Carrière. The narrative concerns a group of bourgeois people attempting—despite continual interruptions—to dine together. The French-language film stars Fernando Rey, Stéphane Audran, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Bulle Ogier, Julien Bertheau, and Milena Vukotic.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: The film consists of several thematically linked scenes: five gatherings of a group of bourgeois friends, and the four dreams of different characters. The beginning of the film focuses on the gatherings, while the latter part focuses on the dreams, but both types of scenes are intertwined. There are also scenes involving other characters, such as two involving a Latin American female terrorist from the fictional Republic of Miranda. The film's world is not logical: the bizarre events are accepted by the characters, even if they are impossible or contradictory.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Buñuel plays tricks on his characters, luring them toward fine dinners that they expect, and then repeatedly frustrating them in inventive ways. They bristle, and politely express their outrage, but they never stop trying; they relentlessly expect and pursue all that they desire, as though it were their natural right to have others serve and pamper them. He exposes their sense of entitlement, their hypocrisy, and their corruption. In the dream sequences, he explores their intense fears—not just of public humiliation, but of being caught by police and of being mowed down by guns. At least one character's dream sequence is later revealed to be nested, or embedded, in another character's dream sequence. As the dreams-within-dreams unfold, it appears that Buñuel is also playing tricks on his audience as they try to make sense of the story.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: The film was both a critical and commercial success. It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and BAFTA Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Audran) and Best Original Screenplay (Buñuel, Carrière).


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: A bourgeois couple, François and Simone Thévenot, accompany François's colleague Don Rafael Acosta, the ambassador from the South American nation of Miranda, and Simone's sister Florence, to the house of the Sénéchals, the hosts of a dinner party. Once they arrive, Alice Sénéchal is surprised to see them and explains that she expected them the following evening and has no dinner prepared. The would-be guests then invite Alice to join them for dinner at a nearby inn.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Arriving at the inn, the party finds it locked. They knock and are reluctantly invited in by a waitress who mentions that the restaurant is under new management. Inside, there are no diners, and the prices on the menu are disconcertingly low. The party hears wailing from an adjoining room and discovers a vigil for the corpse of the manager, who died a few hours earlier. The party is told that the coroner is coming soon, but they hurriedly depart.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Later, at the Embassy of Miranda, Acosta meets with François and Alice's husband Henri to discuss the proceeds of a large cocaine deal. During the meeting, Acosta sees a young woman selling clockwork-animal toys on the footpath outside the embassy. He shoots one of the toys with a rifle and the woman runs off. He explains that she is part of a Maoist Mirandan terrorist group that's been targeting him for months.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Two days later, the bourgeois friends attempt to have lunch at the Sénéchals', but Henri and his wife escape to the garden to have sex instead of joining them. One of the friends take their unexplained absence this to mean that the Sénéchals know the police are coming and left to avoid arrest for their involvement in drug trafficking. The party again leaves in a panic.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: When the Sénéchals return from the garden, their friends are gone, but they meet a bishop who has donned their gardener's clothing. They throw him out, but when he returns wearing his bishop's robes, they embrace him with deference. The bishop asks to work for them as their gardener. He tells them about his childhood — that his parents were murdered by arsenic poisoning and that the culprit was never apprehended. (Later in the film, he goes to visit a dying man who turns out to be his parents' murderer; after blessing the man, the bishop kills him with a shotgun.)


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: The women visit a teahouse just as it has run out of all beverages – tea, coffee, and milk – although it finally turns out they do have water. While they are waiting, a soldier tells them about his childhood: how after his mother's death his cold-hearted father sent him to military school. The ghost of the soldier's mother informed him that the man was not his real father, but his father's killer; they had dueled over his mother. Following the ghost's request, the soldier killed the culprit with poison.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Simone meets Acosta at his apartment. They are having an affair but are interrupted by a visit from her husband, whereupon she makes a convenient excuse and leaves with him. Acosta is next visited by the same terrorist from earlier, who has come to kill him. He ambushes and chastises her, then tells her to leave when she refuses his sexual advances; his agents capture her and take her away.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Several abortive dinner parties ensue; interruptions include the arrival of a group of army officers and enlisted men who join the dinner only to be called away for alarmingly close military maneuvers, the revelation that a colonel's dining room is a stage set in a theatrical performance for an audience that is angry with the actors for not knowing their lines, the ambassador's shooting of the colonel after he insults the nation of Miranda and slaps the ambassador, the arrest and release of the bourgeois friends, and their summary execution by the terrorists. Most if not all of these scenes turn out to be dream sequences in which ghosts make frequent appearances.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: A recurring scene throughout the film, of the six people walking silently and purposefully on a long, isolated country road, is also the final sequence.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: because he felt he was repeating himself, Luis Buñuel met with screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière and discussed the topic of repetition. Shortly afterwards, Buñuel met with film producer Serge Silberman, who told him an anecdote about having forgotten about a dinner party and being surprised to find six hungry friends show up at his front door. Buñuel was suddenly inspired, and Silberman agreed to give him a $2,000 advance to write a new script with Carrière, combining Silberman's anecdote with the idea of repetition. Buñuel and Carrière wrote the first draft in three weeks and finished the fifth draft by the Summer of 1971, originally titled "Bourgeois Enchantment". Silberman was finally able to raise the money for the film in April 1972, and Buñuel began pre-production.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Buñuel cast many actors whom he had worked with in the past, such as Fernando Rey and Michel Piccoli, and catered their roles to their personalities. He had more difficulty casting the female leads and allowed actresses Delphine Seyrig and Stéphane Audran to choose which parts they would like to play, before changing the script to better suit the actresses. Jean-Pierre Cassel auditioned for his role and was surprised when Buñuel cast him after simply glancing at him once.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Filming began on 15 May 1972, and lasted for two months with an $800,000 budget. In his usual shooting style, Buñuel shot few takes and often edited the film in camera and during production. Buñuel and Silberman had a long-running and humorous argument as to whether Buñuel took one day or one and a half days to edit his films.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: On the advice of Silberman, Buñuel used video playback monitors on the set for the first time in his career, resulting in a vastly different style than any of his previous films, including zooms and travelling shots instead of his usual close-ups and static camera framing. It also resulted in Buñuel's being more comfortable on set, and in limiting his already minimal direction to technical and physical instructions. This frustrated Cassel, who had never worked with Buñuel before, until Rey explained that this was Buñuel's usual style and that since they were playing aristocrats their movements and physical appearance were more important than their inner motivation.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Buñuel once joked that whenever he needed an extra scene he simply filmed one of his own dreams. "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie" includes three of Buñuel's recurring dreams: a dream of being on stage and forgetting his lines, a dream of meeting his dead cousin in the street and following him into a house full of cobwebs, and a dream of waking up to see his dead parents staring at him.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: The film was a box office hit in both Europe and the US, and critically praised. Roger Ebert called it a comedy but noted that Buñuel’s comedies were “more like a dig in the ribs, sly and painful.” Robert Benayoun said that it was "perhaps [Buñuel's] most direct and most 'public' film". Vincent Canby wrote in his 1972 review of the film, “In addition to being extraordinarily funny and perfectly acted, "The Discreet Charm" moves with the breathtaking speed and self-assurance that only a man of Buñuel’s experience can achieve without resorting to awkward ellipsis.” Buñuel later said that he was disappointed with the analysis that most film critics made of the film. He also disliked the film's promotional poster, depicting a pair of lips with legs and a derby hat.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Buñuel and Silberman travelled to the US in late 1972 to promote the film. Buñuel did not attend his own press screening in Los Angeles and told a reporter at "Newsweek" that his favorite characters in the film were the cockroaches. While visiting LA, Buñuel, Carrière and Silberman were invited to a lunch party by Buñuel's old friend George Cukor, and other guests included Alfred Hitchcock, Billy Wilder, George Stevens, Rouben Mamoulian, John Ford, William Wyler, Robert Mulligan and Robert Wise (resulting in a famous photograph of the directors together, other than an ailing Ford). Fritz Lang was unable to attend, but Buñuel visited him the following day and received an autographed photo from Lang, one of his favorite directors.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film maintains a rating of 98% based on 57 reviews with the consensus: "An intoxicating dose of the director's signature surrealist style, "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie" represents Buñuel at his most accessible."


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: Sensing that he had a special film, Silberman decided not to wait until May to premiere it at the Cannes Film Festival and instead released it in the fall of 1972 specifically to make it eligible for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Buñuel was famously indifferent to awards and jokingly told a reporter that he had already paid $25,000 in order to win the Oscar. "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie" did win the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film and Silberman accepted on Buñuel's behalf at the ceremony. At the Academy's request, Buñuel posed for a photograph while holding the Oscar, but while wearing a wig and oversized sunglasses.


title: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie

text: In October 2014, Stephen Sondheim stated that he and playwright David Ives were working on a new musical with a plot inspired by both "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie" and another of Buñuel's films, "The Exterminating Angel" (1962). In April 2021, Sondheim revealed that these plans had been shelved.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: The Lod Airport massacre was a terrorist attack that occurred on 30 May 1972. Three members of the Japanese Red Army recruited by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO), attacked Lod Airport (now Ben Gurion International Airport) near Tel Aviv, killing 26 people and injuring 80 others. Two of the attackers were killed, while a third, Kōzō Okamoto, was captured after being wounded.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: The dead comprised 17 Christian pilgrims from Puerto Rico, a Canadian citizen, and eight Israelis, including Professor Aharon Katzir, an internationally renowned protein biophysicist. Katzir was head of the Israeli National Academy of Sciences, a popular scientific radio show host, and a candidate in the upcoming Israeli presidential election. His brother, Ephraim Katzir, was elected President of Israel the following year.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: Because airport security was focused on the possibility of a Palestinian attack, the use of Japanese attackers took the guards by surprise. The attack has often been described as a suicide mission, but it has also been asserted that it was the outcome of an unpublicized larger operation that went awry. The three perpetrators—Kōzō Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Okudaira, and Yasuyuki Yasuda—had been trained in Baalbek, Lebanon; the actual planning was handled by Wadie Haddad (a.k.a. Abu Hani), head of PFLP External Operations, with some input from Okamoto. In the immediate aftermath, "Der Spiegel" speculated that funding had been provided by some of the $5 million ransom paid by the West German government in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 649 in February 1972.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: At 10 p.m. the attackers arrived at the airport aboard an Air France flight from Rome. Dressed conservatively and carrying slim violin cases, they attracted little attention. As they entered the waiting area, they opened up their violin cases and extracted Czech vz. 58 assault rifles with the butt stocks removed. They began to fire indiscriminately at airport staff and visitors, which included a group of pilgrims from Puerto Rico, and tossed grenades as they changed magazines. Yasuda was accidentally shot dead by one of the other attackers, and Okudaira moved from the airport building into the landing area, firing at passengers disembarking from an El Al aircraft before being killed by one of his own grenades, either due to accidental premature explosion or as a suicide. Okamoto was shot by security, brought to the ground by an El Al employee, and arrested as he attempted to leave the terminal. Whether the attackers were responsible for killing all of the victims has been disputed, as some victims may have been caught in the crossfire of the attackers and airport security.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: The Japanese public initially reacted with disbelief to initial reports that the perpetrators of the massacre were Japanese until a Japanese embassy official sent to the hospital confirmed that Okamoto was a Japanese national. Okamoto told the diplomat that he had nothing personal against the Israeli people, but that he had to do what he did because "It was my duty as a soldier of the revolution." Okamoto was tried by an Israeli military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in June 1972. During his trial, he actively undermined his own defense, and in particular protested his lawyer's requests for a psychiatric evaluation, but managed to avoid the death penalty by pleading guilty. Okamoto served only 13 years of his prison sentence. He was released in 1985 with more than 1,000 other prisoners in an exchange for captured Israeli soldiers. He settled in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. He was arrested in 1997 for passport forgery and visa violations, but in 2000 was granted political refugee status in Lebanon. He is still wanted by the Japanese government . Four other JRA members arrested at the same time were extradited to Japan.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: Various pieces of media output have claimed the primary organizer of the attack Wadie Haddad, was assassinated by Mossad although official records state he died of leukemia.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: In June 2006 a legislative initiative ("Senate Project (PS) 1535") by José Garriga Picó, a then senator of Puerto Rico was approved by unanimous vote of both houses of the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico, making every 30 May 'Lod Massacre Remembrance Day'. The initiative was signed into law on 2 August 2006 by Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, making 30 May 2007, the 35th anniversary of the massacre, the first official 'Lod Massacre Remembrance Day' in Puerto Rico. The purpose of Lod Massacre Remembrance Day is to commemorate those events, to remember and honor both those murdered and those who survived, and to educate the Puerto Rican public against terrorism.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: In 2008, the eight surviving children of Carmelo Calderón Molina, who was killed in the attack, and Pablo Tirado, the son of Pablo Tirado Ayala, who was wounded, filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. They sued the government of North Korea for providing material support to the PFLP-EO and the JRA and for planning the attack. The plaintiffs claimed a right to sue the North Korean government based on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976. Preliminary hearings to examine evidence began on 2 December 2009, with district judge Francisco Besosa presiding. The North Korean government did not respond to the lawsuit and had no representatives present. The victims' families were represented by attorneys from the Shurat HaDin Israel Law Center, including its founder, Nitsana Darshan-Leitner.


title: Lod Airport massacre

text: In July 2010, the U.S. court ordered North Korea to pay US$378 million to families as compensation for the terror attack.


title: Ash

text: Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, "ash" refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash is the non-gaseous, non-liquid residue after complete combustion.


title: Ash

text: Ashes as the end product of incomplete combustion are mostly mineral, but usually still contain an amount of combustible organic or other oxidizable residues. The best-known type of ash is wood ash, as a product of wood combustion in campfires, fireplaces, etc. The darker the wood ashes, the higher the content of remaining charcoal from incomplete combustion. The ashes are of different types. Some ashes contain natural compounds that make soil fertile. Others have chemical compounds that can be toxic but may break up in soil from chemical changes and microorganism activity.


title: Ash

text: Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent (alkaline). The World Health Organization recommends ash or sand as alternative when soap is not available.


title: Ash

text: Ash occurs naturally from any fire that burns vegetation, and may disperse in the soil to fertilise it, or clump under it for long enough to carbonise into coal.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: The 2014–15 season was Liverpool Football Club's 123rd season in existence and their 53rd consecutive season in the top flight of English football. It was also the club's 23rd consecutive season in the Premier League. Along with the Premier League, Liverpool also competed in the FA Cup, Football League Cup and UEFA Champions League (which they entered for the first time since 2009–10). Having finished third in their group, Liverpool subsequently dropped down to the UEFA Europa League.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: Hopes were high at Liverpool, after a miraculous title run the previous season had seen them finish runners-up to eventual champions Manchester City. Following the sale of star striker Luis Suárez in the summer, the club spent £117 million on 10 new arrivals to Anfield. Expectations were high as the new season started.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: However, it did not take time for things to slowly unravel. Liverpool only accumulated 26 points from a possible 57, equalling their worst league start for 50 years - ending the calendar year in 8th. They also bowed out of the Champions League at the first hurdle, finishing 3rd in their group.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: Despite this awful spell, the "Reds" eventually recovered after the New Year, and embarked on a 12-match unbeaten run, lifting hopes of Champions League qualification. However, Liverpool then suffered another poor run, which saw them win just twice in their last eight games. This killed off their hopes of Champions League qualification for the following season, although they did seal Europa League qualification for 2015–16 courtesy of Arsenal's 4–0 win over Aston Villa in the FA Cup Final.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: The "Reds" reached both the FA Cup and Capital One Cup semi-finals, where they lost Aston Villa and Chelsea, respectively.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: This was also captain Steven Gerrard's final season at the club due to the expiration of his contract, ending his 17-year spell at Liverpool. Raheem Sterling was sold to Manchester City for £50m in May.


title: 2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season

text: For more information on Liverpool's Reserve squad and The Academy see Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy


title: Elle (magazine)

text: Elle (stylized ELLE) is a worldwide women's magazine of French origin that offers a mix of fashion and beauty content, together with culture, society and lifestyle. The title means "she" or "her" in French. "Elle" is considered the world's largest fashion magazine, with 45 editions around the world and 46 local websites. It now counts 21 million readers and 100 million unique visitors per month, with an audience of mostly women. It was founded in Paris in 1945 by Hélène Gordon-Lazareff and her husband, the writer Pierre Lazareff. The magazine's readership has continuously grown since its founding, increasing to 800,000 across France by the 1960s. "Elle" editions have since multiplied, creating a global network of publications and readers. "Elle"'s Japanese publication was launched in 1969, beginning an international expansion. Its first issues in English (US and UK) were launched in 1985.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: Previous editors of the magazine include Jean-Dominique Bauby, well known for his memoir, and Roberta Myers, the longest-serving editor-in-chief at "Elle". Nina Garcia currently holds the position of editor-in-chief at "Elle", appointed after the departure of Myers.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: Along with the magazine, the "Elle" brand includes 33 websites that stretch globally and receive 370 million monthly views. The Lagardère Group of France owns the brand. The official "Elle" headquarters is located in Paris, with licensed publishers located in many other cities.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: "Elle" was founded in Paris as an immediate aftermath of World War II and first sold as a supplement to France-Soir, edited at the time by Pierre Lazareff. Hélène Gordon-Lazareff, "Elle"'s pioneering founder, returned to Paris from New York City to create a unique publication that grappled with the many forces shaping the lives of women in France in 1945. Women won the right to vote in 1944, and "Elle" dove immediately into long-form "newspaper-like" features on women's role in national politics and the growing feminist movement. In the "Elle" articles featuring rising fashion designers, the magazine would provide free patterns of some of their fashion pieces. This allowed the general public to experience haute couture as the glamor of the fashion world was becoming accessible to the common working class.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: Its 100th issue, published on 14 October 1947, featured the work of Christian Dior just eight months after his debut show. Likewise, Brigitte Bardot had her first "Elle" cover at age 17, on 7 January 1952, months before her screen debut in "Manina, the Girl in the Bikini". By the 1960s, "Elle" had a readership of 800,000 across France and was said to "not so much reflect fashion as decree it." This dominance was reflected in the famous slogan: "Si elle lit, elle lit "Elle"" 'If she reads, she reads "Elle".


title: Elle (magazine)

text: Lagardère Group subsidiary, Hachette Filipacchi Médias began pushing "Elle" outside of Europe in 1969, launching its Japanese publication. In 1985, "Elle" launched in Britain and the United States. The Chinese version of the magazine was first published in 1988. It was the first four-color fashion magazine offered in China. The magazine was used as an informational and educational tool for opening of the Chinese textile market. By 1991, the magazine's sales were in decline in the U.S.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: In 1989, Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. launched "Elle Decor" magazine, focusing on home decor. Elle.com was launched in 2007.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: In 2011, The Hearst Corporation reached a €651M deal with Lagardère to purchase the rights to publish "Elle" Magazine in fifteen countries including the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia and Ukraine. Lagardère, which struggled in the international market in the 2000s, retained the rights to the French edition and would collect royalties from the international editions.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: "Elle Brazil" was the first commercial magazine in the world to have a transgender model on its cover, with Lea T. in December 2011. The Brazilian edition had also discovered transgender model Valentina Sampaio and had put her on the cover before French Vogue. "Elle" printed special collectors' covers for their September 2016 issue, and one of them featured Hari Nef, which was the first time an openly transgender woman had been on the cover of a major commercial British magazine.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: In 2019, Lagardère sold "Elle" France to Czech Media Invest, parent of Czech News Center. Lagardère continues to own the "Elle" brand.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: "Elle" editors have included Jean-Dominique Bauby, who became known for writing a book after suffering almost total paralysis, and Robbie Myers. In September 2017, it was announced that Roberta Myers was stepping down from the role of editor-in-chief, position she held since 2000, stating through a memo to the staff that "I want to spend the next seasons as available to my children as I can be, and so I take my leave of Elle now". A day later of the announcement, it was reported that Nina Garcia, creative director of "Marie Claire" was appointed as the new editor-in-chief effective 18 September. Patricia Wang was the first editor of "Elle" China.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: "Elle" includes region-specific editions within countries, such as "Elle" Hong Kong and "Elle" Québec which are published in addition to "Elle" China and "Elle" Canada respectively. In Belgium, "Elle" is published as two magazines for the Flanders and Wallonia regions, while "Elle" Middle East is targeted at several countries in the region. Technologically speaking, the "Elle" brand is a global network encompassing over 33 websites. Subscriptions account for 73 percent of readers. There are 33 "Elle" websites globally, which collectively attract over 25 million unique visitors and 370 million page views per month. The magazine reaches over 69 million readers. The vast majority (82 percent) of "Elle"'s audience are women between the ages of 18 and 49. Its readers have a median age of 34.7 years. 40 percent of the readers are single, and the median household income is $69,973. "Our readers are young enough to think about life as an adventure and old enough to have the means to live it", said Roberta Myers, editor in chief.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: The first international edition of "Elle" was launched in Japan in 1969. Its U.S. and UK editions were launched in 1985. Spain followed in 1986 with Italy and Hong Kong editions launching in 1987. In 1988, the magazine was launched in Germany, Brazil, China, Sweden, Greece and Portugal. The next year, the Netherlands and Quebec joined the international "Elle" community. Australia and Taiwan versions were launched in 1990, Mexico and Argentina in 1994, and a Russian edition, published monthly, launched in 1996.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: "Elle" as a brand is owned by the Lagardère Group of France. It is published in France by Czech Media Invest, in the U.S. and the UK by Hearst Magazines, in Canada by KO Média, in Brazil by Grupo Editora Abril, in Mexico by Grupo Expansión, in Argentina by Grupo Clarín, in Singapore by Atlas Press PTE LTD., in Serbia/Croatia by Adria Media, in Turkey by Doğan Burda Magazine, in Germany by Hubert Burda Media, and in Romania by Ringier. In China, the publisher is Shanghai Translation Publishing House. In India it is published by Ogaan Publications Pvt. Ltd. As an international magazine, "Elle" has its headquarters in Paris as well as licensed publishers in New York City, London, Toronto, Mexico City, South Africa, Istanbul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brussels, Lisbon, Tokyo, Warsaw, Belgrade, Oslo, Helsinki, Bucharest, Athens, Delhi, Madrid, Milan, Munich, Jakarta, Kyiv, Kuala Lumpur, and other cities.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: In December 2013, "Elle" hired Randy Minor as design director. In November 2016, "Elle Canada" promoted Vanessa Craft to editor-in-chief, making her the first black woman at the helm of an "Elle" magazine globally.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: In mid-July 2020, "Elle" Australian publisher Bauer Media Australia and New Zealand, which had been acquired by Mercury Capital, terminated the magazine's Australian edition, citing declining advertising revenue and travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2021, "Elle" is being published by Are Media, the successor to Bauer Media Australia.


title: Elle (magazine)

text: At the end of 2021, ELLE announced that all global editions would ban fur from their pages as of Jan. 1, 2023, citing "a really great opportunity to increase awareness for animal welfare, bolster the demand for sustainable and innovative alternatives and foster a more humane fashion industry." In recent years a number of fashion houses and retailers have discontinued the use of animal fur and skin in their products due to pressure from animal rights groups who are calling for more cruelty-free clothing options and changing tastes from younger, ethically-minded customers.


title: Aura Garrido

text: Aura Garrido Sánchez (born 29 May 1989) is a Spanish film and television actress. She has appeared in such films as "Stockholm" as well as the television series "El ministerio del tiempo".


title: Aura Garrido

text: Garrido was born in Madrid in 1989. Her father Tomás Garrido is a composer and orchestra conductor, and her mother, Pilar Sánchez, is a painter.


title: Aura Garrido

text: She took her first piano classes when she was four years old, and soon after, started practicing ballet. She speaks English thanks to having an English-speaking best friend growing up.


title: Aura Garrido

text: After ending her high school studies, she enrolled herself in the "Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramático", in Madrid, she took interpretation until her third year, specializing in textual interpretation, but she dropped out in 2010 because she was cast for the film "Planes para mañana". This role earned her the "Silver Biznaga" for best supporting actress and a Goya Awards nomination in the best breakthrough actress category among other nominations.


title: Aura Garrido

text: In 2010 she got her first main role in the Telecinco television series "La pecera de Eva". Later, she centered her career in the small screen, and formed part of the "Ángel o demonio", "Crematorio" and "Imperium" casts.


title: Aura Garrido

text: She went back to working in cinema with two small roles in "Promoción fantasma" (2012) and "El cuerpo", (2012). In 2013 she starred in "Stockholm". For her performance, she won the Sant Jordi Award and a medal from the Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos, and was nominated in the best actress category at the Goya Awards, the Feroz Awards and the Forqué Awards.


title: Aura Garrido

text: In 2014, on television again, she participated in the miniseries "Hermanos" and filmed "Las aventuras del Capitán Alatriste" although the latter was not broadcast until 2015. From 2015 through 2017, she played Amelia Folch in the Televisión Española series, "El Ministerio del Tiempo".


title: Peter Stumpp

text: Peter Stumpp (c. 1535 – 1589; name is also spelled as Peter Stube, Peter Stubbe, Peter Stübbe or Peter Stumpf) was a German farmer and alleged serial killer, accused of werewolfery, witchcraft and cannibalism. He was known as 'the Werewolf of Bedburg'.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: The most comprehensive source on the case is a 16-page pamphlet published in London in 1590, the translation of a German print of which no copies have survived. The English pamphlet, of which two copies exist (one in the British Museum and one in the Lambeth Library), was rediscovered by occultist Montague Summers in 1920. It describes Stumpp's life, alleged crimes and the trial, and includes many statements from neighbours and witnesses on the crimes. Summers reprints the entire pamphlet, including a woodcut, on pages 253 to 259 of his work "The Werewolf".


title: Peter Stumpp

text: Additional information is provided by the diaries of Hermann von Weinsberg, a Cologne alderman, and by a number of illustrated broadsheets, which were printed in southern Germany and were probably based on the German version of the London pamphlet. The original documents seem to have been lost during the wars of the centuries that followed.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: Contemporary reference was made to the pamphlet by Edward Fairfax in his firsthand account of the alleged witch persecution of his own daughters in 1621.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: Although the exact place and date of Peter Stumpp's birth is unknown, examining sources likely puts it near Bedburg, Germany around 1530. Stumpp's name is also spelled as "Peter Stube", "Peter Stub", "Peter Stubbe", "Peter Stübbe" or "Peter Stumpf", and other aliases include such names as Abal Griswold, Abil Griswold, and Ubel Griswold. The name "Stump" or "Stumpf" may have been given him as a reference to the fact that his left hand had been cut off, leaving only a stump, in German "Stumpf". It was alleged that as the "werewolf" had its left forepaw cut off, then the same injury proved the guilt of the man. Stumpp was born at the village of Epprath near the country-town of Bedburg in the Electorate of Cologne. His actual date of birth is not known, as the local church registers were destroyed during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Stump was likely a Protestant. He was a wealthy farmer of his rural community. During the 1580s, he seems to have been a widower with two children; a girl called Beele (Sybil), who seems to have been older than 15 years old, and a son of an unknown age.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: During 1589, Stumpp had one of the most lurid and famous werewolf trials in history. After being stretched on a rack, and before further torture commenced, he confessed to having practiced black magic since he was 12 years old. He claimed that the Devil had given him a magical belt or girdle, which enabled him to metamorphose into "the likeness of a greedy, devouring wolf, strong and mighty, with eyes great and large, which in the night sparkled like fire, a mouth great and wide, with most sharp and cruel teeth, a huge body, and mighty paws." Removing the belt, he said, made him transform back to his human form. After his capture, he told the local magistrate he had left the girdle in a "certain valley". The magistrate sent for it to be retrieved but no such belt was ever found.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: For 25 years, Stumpp had allegedly been an "insatiable bloodsucker" who gorged on the flesh of goats, lambs, and sheep, as well as men, women, and children. Being threatened with torture, he confessed to killing and eating 14 children, 2 pregnant women, whose fetuses he ripped from their wombs and "ate their hearts panting hot and raw," which he later described as "dainty morsels." One of the 14 children was his own son, whose brain he was reported to have devoured. Stumpp loved his son dearly but in the end his bloodlust prevailed. Allegedly, he went out with his son into the woods, transformed into the likeness of a wolf and devoured him.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: Not only was Stumpp accused of being a serial murderer and cannibal, but also of having an incestuous relationship with his daughter, who was sentenced to die with him, and that he had coupled with a distant relative, which was also considered to be incestuous according to the law. In addition to this, he confessed to having had intercourse with a succubus sent to him by the Devil.


title: Peter Stumpp

text: The execution of Stumpp, on 31 October 1589, alongside his daughter Beele (Sybil) and mistress, Katherine, is one of the most brutal on record: he was put to a wheel, where "flesh was torn from his body", in ten places, with red-hot pincers, followed by his arms and legs. Then his limbs were broken with the blunt side of an axehead to prevent him from returning from the grave, before he was beheaded and his body burned on a pyre. His daughter and mistress had already been flayed and strangled, and were burned along with Stumpp's body. As a warning against similar behavior, local authorities erected a pole with the torture wheel and the figure of a wolf on it, and at the very top they placed Peter Stumpp's severed head.


title: One Piece (season 7)

text: The seventh season of the "One Piece" anime series are produced by Toei Animation and directed by Kōnosuke Uda adapted from Eiichiro Oda's manga of the same name. The season was released in Japan as a single chapter, called "Escape! The Naval Fortress & The Foxy Pirate Crew". It deals with the Straw Hat Pirates' infiltration of and escape from a Marine fortress to reclaim their confiscated treasure. The Straw Hats later meet Foxy the Silver Fox and his crew, who challenges them to the Davy Back Fight, a competition involving battles between Foxy's crew and Luffy's crew. Soon after, they encounter Admiral Aokiji, a Marine admiral who is determined to capture Nico Robin, but spares the crew after defeating Luffy.


title: One Piece (season 7)

text: The season began broadcasting on Fuji Television on June 20, 2004 and ended March 27, 2005, lasting 33 episodes. "One Piece" began airing in high definition, 16:9 format from the 207th episode. Despite this, the Japanese DVD release remained in 4:3 fullscreen format until the beginning of the 8th season.


title: One Piece (season 7)

text: Funimation released the first ten episodes of the season in English as the conclusion their own US "Season Three" on April 19, 2011. In October, they announced that they had acquired the remaining episodes, along with the entirety of the following season for release as part of "Season Four". Funimation released each of the Season's episodes in their original aspect ratio. Beginning with this season, One Piece also made its return to Toonami, now a Saturday night block on Adult Swim, in its uncut form. Continuing from episode 207, the season debuted on May 19, 2013. The previous season had aired on Toonami in 2008, during the weekend block's original run on Cartoon Network.


title: One Piece (season 7)

text: The episodes use four pieces of theme music throughout the series. The first opening theme, titled "Bon Voyage" by Bon-Bon Blanco in Japanese and Brina Palencia in English, and the ending theme, titled "Dreamship" and performed by Aiko Ikuta in Japanese and Jessi James in English continues to be used for the beginning of the season. The second opening and ending themes, used from episode 207 onwards, are and , respectively performed by Boystyle and Tackey & Tsubasa. In English speaking territories, "Mirai Koukai" was replaced with "Eternal Pose" (the following ending theme) due to music licensing issues.


title: One Piece (season 7)

text: In North America, this season was recategorized as part of ""Season Three"" and ""Four"" for its DVD release by Funimation Entertainment. The Australian "Season" sets were renamed "Collection 16" through "18".


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a British film studio founded in 1979 which became a European competitor to Hollywood, but was eventually sold to Seagram Company Ltd. in 1998 and was folded in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were "An American Werewolf in London" (1981), "Flashdance" (1983), "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), "Dead Man Walking" (1995), "The Big Lebowski" (1998), "Fargo" (1996), "The Usual Suspects" (1995), "The Game" (1997) and "Notting Hill" (1999).


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: In 1979, PolyGram created PolyGram Pictures in a partnership with Peter Guber. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1995, PolyGram purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million. In May 1998, PolyGram was sold to Seagram, which owned Universal Pictures and Universal Music Group, for $10 billion. Seagram sold off some of PolyGram's assets while mainly acquiring its music division. The ITC Entertainment library was sold to Carlton Communications for £91 million, the pre-April 1996 PolyGram Filmed Entertainment library was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and PolyGram's US distributor was sold to USA Networks. After many of its assets were sold, the remains of PolyGram's film division was folded into Universal Pictures. When the newly formed entertainment division of Seagram faced financial difficulties, it was sold to Vivendi, and MCA became known as Universal Studios, as Seagram ceased to exist. Vivendi remained the majority owner of the Universal Music Group until 2021, when it sold most of its stake, MGM owns the rights to most of the pre-1996 library, and the remaining film and television library is owned by NBCUniversal. In 2017, Universal Music Group established a film and television division, resurrecting the PolyGram Entertainment name.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: The music company PolyGram (owned by Dutch-based Philips and Germany's Siemens) created PolyGram Pictures in 1979 as a partnership with film producer Peter Guber. It was a spin-off of sorts to Casablanca FilmWorks, the film unit of PolyGram's Casablanca Records which Guber previously ran and had success with "The Deep" and "Midnight Express". PolyGram reserved the finances and Guber would run as CEO. Guber would form a partnership with Barbra Streisand's hairdresser Jon Peters, who co-produced his client's "A Star Is Born" remake. Peters would produce PolyGram's films, and eventually become a stockholder with Guber.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: Its first film was "King of the Mountain" (1981), which was a box-office flop. More money-losers followed. Ancillary markets such as home video and pay television were not yet established, and broadcast television networks were paying less for licenses to films. PolyGram's European investors were not happy; they had lost about $80 million on its film division. Not long after, Siemens parted with Philips. Guber and Peters left PolyGram Pictures in 1982, taking their plans for a new Batman movie with them, along with a few other projects. The duo eventually found a home at Warner Bros. A part of their exit proceedings, PolyGram would still own 7.5% of profits from some of its projects, including the 1989 "Batman" film. Also that year, PolyGram launched a syndicated television division PolyGram Television, both the film and TV units would eventually close down by 1983.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: In the early 1980s, PolyGram Video was launched. PolyGram Video, headed by Michael Kuhn and David Hockman, was created to distribute concert films and feature films acquired from third-parties, as well as long-form music videos, and even had a video label, originally set up as a joint venture with Heron Communications, that was called Channel 5 Video. Kuhn and Hockman were able to parlay PolyGram Video's success into financing feature films. The first film produced by PolyGram's new film division was "P.I. Private Investigations" in 1987. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1989, PolyGram launched Manifesto Film Sales to handle the licensing of films outside North America. In 1991, PolyGram's Michael Kuhn became the head of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, with US$200 million pumped in with the intention of developing a European film studio that could produce and distribute films internationally on a scale to match the major Hollywood studios.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: Following the style of its music business, the company produced films through a number of creatively semi-autonomous 'labels', such as Working Title Films in the UK and Propaganda Films and Interscope Communications in the United States; It also built up its own network of distribution companies.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: Film production within PolyGram differed from traditional Hollywood studios, in that power to make ('green light') a film was not centralised in the hands of a small number of executives, but instead was decided by negotiations between producers, management and marketing. Kuhn claimed that "movies sort of green lit themselves."


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: In 1993, PolyGram purchased the video arm of Virgin Group from General Electric Capital for $5.6 million and remodeled the label as Vision Video Ltd.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: PolyGram also built up a sizable film and television library that could be profitable. In 1995, the company purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million. Through this purchase, PolyGram acquired 350 feature films, several thousand hours of television programming, and gained further access into the television market. That same year, PolyGram Filmed Entertainment acquired a 75% majority stake in British home video distributor Abbey Home Entertainment. In 1997, PFE agreed to purchase the Epic film library, which included a thousand feature films, from Crédit Lyonnais for $225 million. PolyGram also attempted purchasing MGM and The Samuel Goldwyn Company's library, but to no avail. In July 1998, Polygram was in talks to sell their stake in Abbey Home Entertainment back to Ian and Anne Miles, letting AHE trade independently again. On December 7, 1997, PolyGram and Warner Bros. reached a deal to co-finance films produced by Castle Rock Entertainment.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: PFE was based in the United Kingdom, and invested heavily in British film making — some credit it with reviving the British film industry in the 1990s. Despite a successful production history, Philips decided to sell PolyGram to the beverage (liquor) conglomerate Seagram in 1998.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: Only interested in PolyGram's music operations, Seagram, which at the time controlled Universal Pictures, looked forward to divesting in PFE. After being dissatisfied with offers to buy the studio (including a joint venture between Canal+ and Artisan Entertainment), Seagram opted to sell off individual assets and folded whatever remained into Universal. In October 1998, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) paid $235–250 million to acquire 1,300 films released before March 31, 1996, from PolyGram. In 1999, the ITC library was sold to Carlton Communications (later known as ITV Studios) for $150 million. Some of PFE's North American distribution assets were sold to USA Networks. Universal would later take over the remaining titles which included a third of the pre-1996 films as well as PolyGram Television's library. Universal would eventually set up their international arm on the ashes of PFE's international division on February 9, 1999, that included theatrical and video distribution when its contracts with United International Pictures and CIC Video expired. After "Mickey Blue Eyes" flopped, which served as UPI's last film (one of the few titles that were self-distributed by Universal internationally), being inherited from PolyGram, all the theatrical assets of Universal Pictures International was merged with United International Pictures, which remained through 2007.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment took over the distribution of Manga Entertainment's titles in Australia and New Zealand in late 1996 after Siren Entertainment's license to the Manga Video catalogue expired, but PolyGram lost the license to the Manga Video catalogue in 1998 after Madman Entertainment took over the licenses. This was due to Manga Entertainment being moved from Island Records to Palm Pictures.


title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

text: In 1992, PolyGram partnered with Universal Pictures to create a joint venture called Gramercy Pictures. Gramercy primarily distributed PolyGram films in the US, and it doubled as a specialty label for Universal. In January 1996, PolyGram bought out Universal and in 1997, PolyGram Films was founded to release PFE's mainstream titles in the US, while Gramercy became a low-budget/art-house sublabel. PolyGram Films' first release was "The Game". After PolyGram's merger with Universal in 1999, the company merged Gramercy with October Films, which included its subsidiary Rogue Pictures to create USA Films, which eventually became Focus Features. Gramercy was revived in 2015 as a label of Focus Features, but shut down and went dormant the next year.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The 2019–20 FA Cup (also known as the Football Association Challenge Cup) was the 139th edition of the oldest football tournament in the world. It was sponsored by Emirates and known as The Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship purposes.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: On 13 March 2020, it was agreed that the FA Cup, as well as the rest of professional football in England, would be suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 29 May 2020, The FA announced plans to restart the competition, with the rescheduled quarter-finals provisionally set to be played on 28 and 29 June and the final on 1 August. All remaining matches including the final were played behind closed doors. In an effort to "promote good, positive mental health for everyone", according to Prince William, the president of The Football Association, the 2020 FA Cup Final was known as the "Heads Up FA Cup Final", with "Heads Up" a campaign to promote mental health.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The defending champions, Premier League side Manchester City, were eliminated by Arsenal in the semi-finals on 18 July. Arsenal won the final 2–1 against Chelsea, their first win since 2017 and fourth in seven years, for their fourteenth FA Cup title.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: For the first time, the Fifth Round fixtures were played midweek rather than on a weekend, to accommodate the "winter break".


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: All of the competing teams that are not members of either the Premier League or English Football League competed in the qualifying rounds to secure one of 32 available places in the First Round Proper. The qualifying competition began with the Extra Preliminary Round on 10 August 2019. The fourth and final qualifying round was played over the weekend of 19 October 2019.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw for the First Round Proper was held on 21 October 2019. The 32 winners from the qualifying competition joined the 47 clubs from League One and League Two in 39 ties played over the weekend of 9 November. Due to Bury's expulsion from the competition, Chichester City (the final team drawn) were given a bye to the Second Round Proper. Chichester are one of two Level 8 teams that reached the first round along with Maldon & Tiptree, the lowest ranked teams left in the competition.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw for the Second Round Proper was held on 11 November 2019. The 39 winners of the First Round Proper and bye recipients Chichester City played in 20 Second Round Proper ties on the weekend of 30 November. This round included two teams from level 8, Chichester City and Maldon & Tiptree, who were the lowest-ranked teams still in the competition.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw for the Third Round Proper was held on 2 December 2019. The 20 Second Round winners joined the 20 Premier League and 24 EFL Championship clubs in 32 ties to be played across the weekend of 4–6 January 2020. This round included two teams from level 5, AFC Fylde and Hartlepool United, who were the lowest-ranked teams still in the competition.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: All thirty-two matches kicked off one minute late to encourage fans to take one minute to think about their mental health, and to broadcast a film narrated by FA president Prince William about this issue.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw was held on 6 January 2020, ahead of the Arsenal v Leeds United match. The ties were played between 24 and 27 January 2020. Northampton Town of League Two (level 4) were the lowest-ranked team to compete in this round.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw was held on 27 January 2020, ahead of the AFC Bournemouth v Arsenal fourth round match. The ties were played in midweek during the week commencing Monday 2 March 2020. From this round there would be no replays; all ties would head to extra time and, if necessary, penalties to decide the team to advance in the event of a draw.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The draw for the quarter-finals took place on 4 March 2020. All teams playing in this round were from the Premier League, the first all-Premier League quarter-finals since 2005–06.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The ties were due to be played on 21 and 22 March 2020, before being postponed on 13 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The fixtures were revised to the 27 and 28 June 2020 following the end of the suspension. All ties were played behind closed doors.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: As a gesture of solidarity following the murder of George Floyd, the 'Black Lives Matter' badge is used by all players from this round on. The FA also gave their support for any player who chooses to "take a knee" before or during matches. In addition, the NHS tribute badge was also used at all kits for the remainder of the season. All teams but Sheffield United and Newcastle United donned both badges at the front side, the others put the BLM badge below the players' number at the back of the shirt.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The semi-finals were played on 18 and 19 July 2020 and were shown on BT Sport and BBC Sport. Both games were played at Wembley Stadium. The draw was held during half-time of the Newcastle United–Manchester City quarter-final match and was conducted by Alan Shearer.


title: 2019–20 FA Cup

text: The 2020 FA Cup Final was played on 1 August 2020 and was shown live on BT Sport and BBC Sport. Wembley Stadium hosted the game as usual.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: Mutant X is a science fiction television series created under a Marvel Comics license, but with no connection to the "Mutant X" comic book series. It debuted in first-run syndication on October 6, 2001. The show was created by Avi Arad, and it centers on Mutant X, a team of "new mutants" who possess extraordinary powers as a result of genetic engineering. The members of Mutant X were used as test subjects in a series of covert government experiments. The mission of Mutant X is to seek out and protect their fellow new mutants. The series was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: The series was abruptly cancelled in 2004 after the dismantling of Fireworks Entertainment, one of the show's production companies, ending the show with an unresolved cliffhanger.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: ADV Films released all three seasons on DVD in region 1 in 2004 and 2005. In late 2008, a complete series collection was scheduled to be released by ADV Films, but was later cancelled.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: In 2010, Alliance Home Entertainment re-released each season on DVD in Canada. Season 1 was released on August 31, season 2 on September 28, and season 3 on October 26.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: In region 2, Revelation Films released all three seasons individually on March 25, 2013. They released a complete series set on DVD in the UK on June 20, 2016. On October 24, 2016, Revelation Films released a region free complete series Blu-ray set.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: In May 2002, Marvel Comics released a tie-in comic called "Mutant X: Origin", which chronicled the early life of Adam Kane. In the story, Adam and a friend Paul did research on the DNA of the mustard plant in college that drew the attention of the U.S. government, who offered them the Genomex company to work on a cure to genetic diseases. During this story, Eckhart is exposed to radiation, which leads to his vulnerability to diseases.


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: On April 15, 2001, 20th Century Fox sued Marvel, Tribune Entertainment, and Fireworks Entertainment for breach of their licensing agreement and false advertisement. Fox stated it had exclusive rights from Marvel to develop the X-Men property, and anything similar was an infringement. Fox claimed that "Mutant X" was too similar to "X-Men", and "Mutant X" was being advertised as an ""X-Men" replacement".


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: Marvel countersued Fox, saying that the two were dissimilar and asking the courts to allow "Mutant X" production to go forward. Production was allowed, as long as "X-Men" material was not used in the promotion of "Mutant X".


title: Mutant X (TV series)

text: On March 9, 2003, Fox and Marvel resolved their differences in a confidential settlement of their suits. Meanwhile, Fox continued to pursue their case against Tribune and Fireworks. Tribune sued Marvel for fraud and breach of contract, claiming Marvel encouraged Tribune to connect "Mutant X" to the X-Men, misrepresented what they were getting in their license, and caused millions in losses due to the need to alter storylines and characters to ensure the mandated distance between "Mutant X" and "X-Men", as well as fighting Fox's litigation. In November 2005, the dispute was settled in private.


title: Christina Fulton

text: Fulton has worked as a model with Elite Model Management and with LA Models. She was the face of Farlow Jeans and modeled for the "Too Cute" campaign.


title: Christina Fulton

text: Fulton has had roles in such films as Oliver Stone's "The Doors" as Velvet Underground singer Nico, "Bram Stoker's Dracula", "Dangerous Game", "The Girl with the Hungry Eyes", "Enemies of Laughter", "Lucinda's Spell" and "Snake Eyes".


title: Christina Fulton

text: In 2006, Fulton directed and produced the documentary "When Giants Collide" about the plight of Beverly Hills High School's wrestling program being on the brink of extinction.


title: Gagauz language

text: Gagauz (, ) is a Turkic language spoken by the Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey and it is an official language of the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia in Moldova. Gagauz belongs to the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, alongside Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Turkish. Gagauz is a distinct language from Balkan Gagauz Turkish to some degree.


title: Gagauz language

text: Though it was established as a written language in 1957, Gagauz was not used in schools until 1959. Gagauz is a language derived from Balkan Gagauz Turkish; Balkan linguistics was the first to view the consequences of language contact as normal rather than corrupt. The term "Gagauz language" and the identification of one's language as "Gagauz" were established concurrently with or even after the creation of national self-awareness. About 150,000 Gagauz resided in Moldova in 1986, where they lived in settlements within the Comrat, Ceadîr-Lunga and Vulcănești Rayons. Along with the majority of the Gagauz living in Moldova, there are four other cities in Bulgaria in which the Gagauz reside.


title: Gagauz language

text: Between 1750 and 1846, ancestors of the Gagauz today emigrated from the current-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast north of Varna to Russia and settled in the region that is now the current-day Republic of Moldova, allowed to do so on the condition that they converted to Orthodox Christianity by Empress Catherine. In the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the 1994 law on Special Legal Status of Gagauzia was passed in Moldova, which was put into effect in 1995, granting the Gagauz territorial autonomy.


title: Gagauz language

text: It appears that the first alphabet to be used for the language was the Greek alphabet in the late 19th century. For example, orientalist Otto Blau claims that plays of Euripides had been translated into the Gagauz language and had been written with Greek letters.


title: Gagauz language

text: Beginning in 1957, Cyrillic was used until 1993. On May 13, 1993, the parliament of the Republic of Moldova passed a decision providing for the official adoption of the Latin-based alphabet for the Gagauz language. This was subsequently amended in 1996. The Gagauz alphabet adopted is modelled on the modern Turkish alphabet, with the addition of three letters: to represent the sound of (as in Azeri), to represent the (schwa) sound, which does not exist in Turkish, and to represent the sound from the Romanian alphabet. On the other hand, unlike Crimean Tatar, Turkish, and some other Turkic languages, Gagauz does not have the letter , which had become completely silent in the Gagauz language.


title: Gagauz language

text: Note that dotted and dotless I are separate letters, each with its own uppercase and lowercase form. "I" is the capital form of "ı", and "İ" is the capital form of "i". The Gagauz alphabet has no q, w or x. Instead, those characters are transliterated into Gagauz as k, v and ks.


title: Gagauz language

text: A study in 2012 was conducted on the Gagauz community to assess the current situation and sociocultural context. The findings show that within Gagauzia, official documents, printed publications, and official web sites are only in Russian. The National Passport System in Moldova does not allow the spelling of names in Gagauz. Signposts in Gagauzia are mostly in Romanian, and the names of squares and streets have not changed since the time of the Soviet Union.


title: Gagauz language

text: Despite various laws that support the rights of citizens to education in their native language, almost all instruction in Gagauzian schools is in Russian. Gagauz, while the native language of all students, is only taught as a "native language" class for a few hours per week. Research has also shown that there are not serious desires or attempts to institute Gagauz as a language of instruction. In a study, 80.6% of respondents preferred Russian as the medium of instructions at schools. There are, however, some notable efforts to increase Gagauz language education. Todur Zanet, editor-in-chief of the "Ana Sözü" local newspaper, has played an active role in encouraging readers and local authorities to promote instruction in their mother tongue. Zanet has also contributed significantly to efforts to standardize the language, and increase its accessibility through print and other mediums.


title: Gagauz language

text: "Ana Sözü" is the largest local newspaper in Gagauzia. It is also the only local newspaper still written entirely in Gagauz, and was the first newspaper of any kind published in the Gagauz language. Apart from "Ana Sözü", there are various newspapers published in the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, including "Açık Göz", "Gagauz Yeri", "Gagauz Sesi", "Halk Birlii", "Novıy Vzgliad", "Vesti Gagauzii", and "Znamea".


title: Gagauz language

text: In addition to printed materials, the company Gagauz Radio Televisionu (GRT) produces radio and television broadcasts in Gagauz.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie (; Ge'ez: ዘርዐ ያዕቆብ አምሃ ሥላሴ; born 17 August 1953) is the grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie and son of Amha Selassie of the Ethiopian Empire. He has been head of the Imperial House of Ethiopia since 17 February 1997 as recognized by the Crown Council of Ethiopia.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: He was designated as "acting crown prince" and heir presumptive in 1974 by the Emperor Haile Selassie I close to the end of his reign; however, the Empire was overthrown in the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution by the Derg. As a result, Yacob never became a ruling Emperor of Ethiopia. Ethiopia became a Federal Democratic Republic in 1991.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: Zera Yacob attended Eton College and graduated from Exeter College, Oxford and Sandhurst. He was named Acting Crown Prince and heir presumptive to the Imperial throne of Ethiopia in 1974 by his grandfather, Emperor Haile Selassie, following his father's stroke a year earlier.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: After the fall of the Ethiopian monarchy, Zera Yacob completed his studies at Oxford in the 1970s and worked briefly as a banker in the United States. He then moved to London and was married to Princess Nunu (née Getaneh), and later divorced. The marriage produced a daughter, Princess Lideta. He was named heir apparent by his father, who assumed the title of Emperor-in-exile at that time in April 1989 in London.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: In 1992 he accompanied his father Amha Selassie to Virginia, United States, where his father had a medical check-up. However, his father suffered a stroke and Zera Yacob stayed for two years. He then applied for a visa following his father's death in 1997. He had returned to London, England, where he had settled in a modest home on the Isle of Dogs.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: Crown Prince Zera Yacob is regarded as head of the Imperial Family of Ethiopia. He lives in Addis Ababa.


title: Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

text: Zera Yacob is the sovereign of the Imperial Ethiopian Order of Saint Mary of Zion and bestows awards to individuals for their outstanding service to the people of Ethiopia.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: On 12 October 1960, , chairman of the Japan Socialist Party, was assassinated at Hibiya Public Hall in Tokyo. During a televised debate, a 17-year-old right-wing ultranationalist named Otoya Yamaguchi charged onto the stage and fatally stabbed Asanuma with a wakizashi, a type of traditional short sword.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: The assassination weakened the Japan Socialist Party, inspired a series of copycat crimes, and made Yamaguchi an enduring hero and subsequently a martyr to the Japanese far-right after he died by suicide while in custody.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Asanuma was a charismatic figure on the Japanese Left. In 1959, Asanuma had sparked outrage in Japan by visiting Communist China and declaring the United States "the shared enemy of China and Japan" during a speech in Beijing.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Upon returning to Japan, Asanuma became one of the key leaders and main public faces of the massive Anpo protests against the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, leading a number of mass marches on the Japanese National Diet. Right-wing groups and individuals, such as Bin Akao and his , became convinced that the massive leftist protests were a sign that Japan was on the verge of a communist revolution and mobilized to prevent such an eventuality.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Akao and the Greater Japan Patriotic Party were part of a sizable segment of the Japanese Right who were extremely pro-American and thus strongly in favor of the U.S.-Japan military alliance. Akao and others who shared his worldview were thus doubly upset with Asanuma for portraying the U.S. as Japan's main enemy on his trip to China and for so actively opposing the Security Treaty.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Otoya Yamaguchi, the son of a high-ranking officer in the Japan Self-Defense Forces, had joined the Greater Japan Patriotic Party in his mid-teens after being radicalized by his older brother. During the Anpo protests, he had participated in a number of the group's right-wing counter-protests and had been arrested and released 10 times over the course of 1959 and 1960.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: According to his later testimony to police, Yamaguchi claimed that over the course of the Anpo protests, he became further radicalized and disillusioned with Akao's leadership, which he felt was not radical enough. In May 1960, he resigned from Akao's group in order to be free to take more "decisive" action.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: On October 12, 1960, Asanuma was participating in a televised election debate at Hibiya Public Hall in central Tokyo, featuring the leaders of the three major political parties. Also scheduled to participate were Suehiro Nishio of the Democratic Socialist Party and prime minister Hayato Ikeda of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. The debate was sponsored by the Japanese Elections Commission, the Alliance for Clean Elections and national broadcaster NHK, which was also televising the event. There was also an audience of 2,500 people in the hall.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Nishio spoke first, and at 3:00 p.m., Asanuma advanced to the podium and began his speech. Immediately, right-wing groups in the audience began loudly heckling him, and the television microphones and reporters sitting in the front row could not hear him, forcing the NHK moderator to interrupt and call for calm. At 3:05 p.m., as the audience finally calmed down and Asanuma resumed speaking, Yamaguchi rushed onto the stage and made a deep thrust into Asanuma's left flank with a samurai short sword (wakizashi) that he had stolen from his father. Yamaguchi then tried to turn the sword on himself but was swarmed and detained by bystanders.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Asanuma was immediately rushed out of the hall and to a nearby hospital. Initially, Asanuma was believed to have not been seriously wounded because no external bleeding was visible. However, Yamaguchi's deep stab had punctured Asanuma's aorta. He died within minutes from massive internal bleeding before he reached the hospital.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: The Ikeda administration had been riding high going into the election debate. Ikeda's newly announced Income Doubling Plan had proven popular, and polls showed his party in a strong position heading toward the election. However, on the night of Asanuma's assassination, approximately 20,000 protesters spontaneously flooded the streets of Tokyo calling for the entire Ikeda cabinet to resign in order to take responsibility for failing to ensure Asanuma's safety. Ikeda and his advisors worried that a new protest movement might arise that would be the second coming of the Anpo protests that had toppled the cabinet of his immediate predecessor, Kishi Nobusuke.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: To respond to the crisis, Ikeda took the unusual step of delivering a memorial speech at a plenary session of the Diet on October 18. The Socialist Party Diet members vocally opposed the speech. Despite Ikeda's reputation as a poor public speaker and the expectation that he would give a short boilerplate speech, Ikeda surprised the crowd by delivering a lengthy oration in which he offered an eloquent and generous assessment of Asanuma's love for his country and the Japanese people as well as his hard work ethic. The speech was reported to have moved many members to tears.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Ikeda's party went on to win the election, increasing its number of seats in the Diet, although Asanuma's Japan Socialist Party also fared well.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Following the assassination, Yamaguchi was arrested and imprisoned awaiting trial. Throughout his imprisonment, he remained calm and composed and freely gave extensive testimony to police. Yamaguchi consistently asserted that he had acted alone and without any direction from others. Finally, on November 2, he wrote "Long live the Emperor" and “Would that I had seven lives to give for my country” (七生報国, "shichisei hōkoku") on the wall of his cell using toothpaste, the latter a reference to the last words of 14th-century samurai Kusunoki Masashige, and hanged himself with knotted bed sheets.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: The Japan Socialist Party had been an unhappy marriage between far-left socialists, centrist socialists and right socialists who had been forced together in order to oppose the consolidation of conservative parties into the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955. Asanuma was a charismatic figure who had been able to hold many of these mutually antagonistic factions together through the force of his personality. Under Asanuma's leadership, the party had won an increasing amount of seats in the Diet in every election over the latter half of the 1950s and seemed to be gathering momentum. Asanuma's death deprived the party of his adroit leadership, and thrust Saburō Eda into the leadership role instead. Eda rapidly took the party in a more centrist direction, far faster than the left socialists were ready to accept. This led to growing infighting within the party and drastically damaged its ability to present a cohesive message to the public. Over the rest of the 1960s and going forward, the number of seats the socialists held in the Diet continued to decline until the party's extinction in 1996.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Because Asanuma's assassination took place in front of television cameras, it was repeatedly shown on television for weeks and was seen by almost everyone in Japan with access to a television. Within a few weeks of the assassination, Nobel Prize-winning author Kenzaburō Ōe wrote two novellas, "Seventeen" and "The Death of a Political Youth", that were obviously inspired by Yamaguchi's actions, although he was not mentioned by name.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Yamaguchi's actions and the massive publicity that they received inspired a rash of copycat crimes, as a number of political figures became targets of assassination plots and attempts over the next few years. An attempt to assassinate the publisher of the magazine "Chūō Kōron" in February 1961 by right-wing youth Kazutaka Komori, who, like Yamaguchi, was 17 years old, was said to have been directly inspired by Yamaguchi's actions.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: A photograph of the moment immediately after Yamaguchi stabbed Asanuma was taken by "Mainichi Shinbun" newspaper photographer Yasushi Nagao, who had been assigned to cover the debate. As Yamaguchi rushed Asanuma, Nagao instinctively adjusted the focal distance of his lens from 4,5 m (15 ft.) to 3 meters (10 ft.) and captured an extremely clear image of the assassination. Nagao's photograph won the World Press Photo of the Year award for 1960, and won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize. Today it is still found in collections as among the greatest photographs of the 20th century. The photograph allowed Nagao to leave Japan and travel the world at a time when Japanese people were generally not granted permission to travel overseas. He was able to quit his job at Mainichi in 1962 and parlay his fame into a career as a freelance photographer.


title: Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

text: Yamaguchi immediately became a hero and martyr to Japanese right-wing ultranationalists. On December 15, 1960, a large number of right-wing groups gathered in the Hibiya Public Hall where the assassination had taken place to hold a "National Memorial Service for Our Martyred Brother Yamaguchi Otoya." Right-wing groups have continued to hold an annual memorial service for Yamaguchi every year on November 2, the anniversary of his suicide, with an especially large event being held on November 2, 2010, the 50th anniversary of his death.


title: Free Rein

text: Produced in the UK by Lime Pictures, the ten-part first series premiered on Netflix on 23 June 2017. Although the island where the series is set is fictional and unnamed, it is based on Anglesey, Wales and is referred to as "an island off the coast of England" throughout the programme. The second series premiered on 6 July 2018. Shortly afterwards, "Free Rein" was renewed for a third series, as well as two feature-length special episodes. "Free Rein: The 12 Neighs of Christmas", premiered on 7 December 2018. The second special, "Free Rein: Valentine’s Day", premiered on 1 February 2019. The third series, consisting of 10 episodes, premiered on 6 July 2019. In January 2021, cast member Céline Buckens confirmed that the series had concluded.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso has a range of over 100,000 products, of which over 40 percent are imported goods, many of them from China, South Korea, and Japan. Many of their products are house-hold items such as kitchenware and cleaning products. Daiso has locations in 25 countries and regions worldwide.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso was originally opened first as a street vending shop dealing with 100-yen products known as “Yano Shoten" by Hirotake Yano in 1972. He later founded Daiso in 1977.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso often uses such locations as previous pachinko parlours for its retail outlets. They spend a lot of money on shelving and fixtures to help the stores compete with more high-end retailers. The stock of items retailed at each shop is varied frequently in order to increase repeat customers.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso categorizes all of its own branded items on sale using the morpheme "za" (ザ), the Japanese representation of the English word "the", plus a category. For example, "za hanabi" (ザ・花火) is the category for fireworks, and "za purasuchikku" (ザ・プラスチック) is the category for plastic items such as plastic buckets or trays.


title: Daiso

text: In 2004, Daiso started selling items priced at multiples of 100 yen, such as 200, 300, 400 or 500 yen.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso has 3,620 stores in Japan, and nearly 2,300 stores overseas in Australia, Bahrain, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Kuwait, Macau, Malaysia, Mexico, Myanmar, New Zealand, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, and Vietnam.


title: Daiso

text: The first Daiso store opened up in Abbotsford, Victoria in 2010, selling thousands of items at a flat rate of $2.80. Since then it has expanded to thirteen stores in New South Wales, fourteen in Queensland, three in South Australia, twelve in Victoria and one in Perth (at Westfield Carousel). The stores range from to (Midtown Plaza, Melbourne store), which is currently the largest in Australia. Almost every item is AUD $3.10, or US$, except for a small range of products (5% of total range) that is sold at varying prices from $3 to $15.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso's main store in Bahrain is located at Dasman Center, Manama, and spans 2 floors. It has been in operation since 2005.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso also runs a smaller outlet at Ramli Mall, A'ali. As of 2007, most products cost BHD 0.600, or US$.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso opened its first corporate Canadian store on Granville Street in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia in April 2021, with plans to expand nationally. A new store is scheduled to open in the fall of 2022 in the Metrotown location.


title: Daiso

text: A franchise store, owned by Fairchild Group, was operated in Richmond, British Columbia from 2003 to 2019, when it was rebranded under Fairchild's Oomomo banner. Oomomo has continued to sell some Daiso products, but this supply will be cut off as Daiso expands.


title: Daiso

text: There are three locations of Daiso Japan in Cambodia. All products are priced at about US$1.90. As of 2018, its new name in Cambodia is ”DAISO JAPAN Life Coordinates Store”.


title: Daiso

text: All products are priced at RM 5.90, or US$ GST-inclusive. The price increase from RM 5.30 to the current price was effective from March 1, 2017. The price temporarily reduced to RM 5.57 since there is no longer GST implemented in Malaysia, but returned to RM 5.90 again because of SST (Sales and Services Tax) that was effective from September 1, 2018.


title: Daiso

text: There are 27 Daiso stores in Singapore, together with 11 Threeppy stores and 1 Standard Products store. The minimum pricing is $2.14 and followed by 10 of the tiered increments.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso Korea owns 1,150 stores across the country, which was established in 1992 as the Daiso-Asung Corporation. Working in cooperation with Daiso Japan in 2001 (until 2011), the chain has proliferated over the last 10 years by using a low cost-high quality strategy. Each store stocks over 30,000 items and most are under 1,000 won, or . Daiso has an online shopping mall that allows people to purchase the same items at home.


title: Daiso

text: In 2011 and 2014, Daiso Korea announced that they are no longer part of Daiso Japan; they claim that Daiso Japan was trying to promote Liancourt Rocks, as part of Japan. Daiso Korea confirmed that they were not selling the products Daiso Japan was selling and that they were acting as a different company.


title: Daiso

text: Daiso Korea has a unique logo compared to the rest of the Daiso Corporation. The modified logo is used inside the country to rebrand itself as a more modern company and to show its break-off from Daiso Japan.


title: Daiso

text: On October 2, 2005, the first store in the United States opened for business in Alderwood Mall located in Lynnwood, Washington near Seattle, WA. This store is much smaller at only 442 square meters (approx. 4,750 square feet), and items were originally one of three prices, $1, $1.50, & $2 (all USD). The current inventory now includes packaged food and items are now priced up to $8, though most items are at the $1.50 price point.


title: Daiso

text: There are 85 stores in the continental United States, operated by Daiso US. The stores are in California, Washington, Nevada, Texas, New Jersey, and New York. The largest U.S. Daiso is located in Union City, California, which has of floor space and opened on August 8, 2007.


title: Daiso

text: Additionally, there are four Daiso stores in Hawaii operated by Daiso Hawaii. On December 12, 2018, Daiso Japan opened its first store in Honolulu, Hawaii, and opened two others on March 14, 2019 and January 20, 2022.


title: Daiso

text: On March 8, 2019, Daiso Japan opened its first branch in the U.S. East Coast in Flushing, Queens, New York.


title: Daiso

text: In June 2017 Daiso was forced by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission to recall 165 products in Australia. These included toys which could pose a choking hazard or injury and beauty products with unknown ingredients.


title: Daiso

text: In June 2022, Crocs filed a lawsuit against Daiso, accusing them of selling foam clogs that allegedly resembled theirs and violating copyright trademarks.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: Perseus with the Head of Medusa is a bronze sculpture made by Benvenuto Cellini in the period 1545–1554. The sculpture stands on a square base which has bronze relief panels depicting the story of Perseus and Andromeda, similar to a predella on an altarpiece. It is located in the Loggia dei Lanzi in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy. The second Florentine duke, Duke Cosimo I de' Medici, commissioned the work with specific political connections to the other sculptural works in the piazza. When the piece was revealed to the public on 27 April 1554, Michelangelo's "David", Bandinelli's "Hercules and Cacus", and Donatello's "Judith and Holofernes" were already installed in the piazza.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: The subject matter of the work is the mythological story of Perseus beheading Medusa, a hideous woman-faced Gorgon whose hair had been turned to snakes; anyone who looked at her was turned to stone. Perseus stands naked except for a sash and winged sandals, triumphant on top of the body of Medusa with her head, crowned with writhing snakes, in his raised hand. Blood spews from Medusa's severed neck. The bronze sculpture, in which Medusa's head turns men to stone, is appropriately surrounded by three huge marble statues of men: Hercules, David, and later Neptune. Cellini's use of bronze in Perseus and the head of Medusa, and the motifs he used to respond to the previous sculpture in the piazza, were highly innovative. Examining the sculpture from the back, one can see a self-portrait of the sculptor Cellini on the back of Perseus' helmet.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: The sculpture is thought to be the first statue since the classical age where the base included a figurative sculpture forming an integral part of the work.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: Cellini was the first to integrate narrative relief into the sculpture of the piazza. As the "Perseus" was installed in the Loggia, it dominated the dimensions of later pedestals of other sculptural works within the Loggia, like Giambologna's "The Rape of the Sabine Women". "Perseus" added to the cast of Olympian gods protecting the Medici. Weil-Garris also focuses on the pedestal beneath the sculpture in the round. However, the present pedestal may not have been Cellini's original intent, as the relief was still being worked on and installed when the bronze sculpture above had already been revealed. The Medici still dominated the theme of the pedestal as "Perseus" in the pedestal is an allegory for Duke Francesco Medici.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: The politics of the Medici and Florence dominate the Piazza della Signoria, specifically making reference to the first three Florentine dukes. Duke Alessandro I was the first Florentine duke, and "Hercules and Cacus" was revealed during his time, meeting with a terrible reception by the public in 1534. The next sculpture to be revealed was Cellini's "Perseus" and Cosimo I was very cautious about the public's reaction to the piece. Fortunately, the public received the sculpture well, as Cosimo watched the reception from a window in the Palazzo Vecchio. The third duke is directly related to the sculpture's relief panel on the base as the "Perseus" can be seen as a symbol for Duke Francesco and Andromeda as his Habsburg bride, Giovanna. Similarly, Andromeda acts as an allegory for Florence, while Perseus is the collective Medici swooping down to save the city. Cellini chose to represent the sad side of the story of Andromeda; however, he created a focus on the Medici, like Perseus, saving the unsmiling Andromeda. Every sculpture in the piazza can be seen as politically or artistically related to one another and to the Medici.


title: Perseus with the Head of Medusa

text: At the time the sculpture was created, bronze had not been used in almost half a century for a monumental work of art. Cellini made the conscious decision to work in this medium because by pouring molten metal into his cast, he was vivifying the sculpture with life-giving blood. The most difficult part would be completing the entire cast all at once. Donatello's "Judith and Holofernes" was already placed in the Loggia dei Lanzi in the westernmost arch. "Judith" had been cast in bronze, but in several sections joined together. Cellini was competing against monumental works of marble sculpture like Michelangelo's "David" and wanted to make a statement for himself and his patron, Cosimo I.