title: Watermill

text: An inherent problem in the overshot mill is that it reverses the rotation of the wheel. If a miller wishes to convert a breastshot mill to an overshot wheel all the machinery in the mill has to be rebuilt to take account of the change in rotation. An alternative solution was the pitchback or backshot wheel. A launder was placed at the end of the flume on the headrace, this turned the direction of the water without much loss of energy, and the direction of rotation was maintained. Daniels Mill near Bewdley, Worcestershire is an example of a flour mill that originally used a breastshot wheel, but was converted to use a pitchback wheel. Today it operates as a breastshot mill.


title: Watermill

text: Larger water wheels (usually overshot steel wheels) transmit the power from a toothed annular ring that is mounted near the outer edge of the wheel. This drives the machinery using a spur gear mounted on a shaft rather than taking power from the central axle. However, the basic mode of operation remains the same; gravity drives machinery through the motion of flowing water.


title: Watermill

text: Toward the end of the 19th century, the invention of the Pelton wheel encouraged some mill owners to replace over- and undershot wheels with Pelton wheel turbines driven through penstocks.


title: Watermill

text: A different type of watermill is the tide mill. This mill might be of any kind, undershot, overshot or horizontal but it does not employ a river for its power source. Instead a mole or causeway is built across the mouth of a small bay. At low tide, gates in the mole are opened allowing the bay to fill with the incoming tide. At high tide the gates are closed, trapping the water inside. At a certain point a sluice gate in the mole can be opened allowing the draining water to drive a mill wheel or wheels. This is particularly effective in places where the tidal differential is very great, such as the Bay of Fundy in Canada where the tides can rise fifty feet, or the now derelict village of Tide Mills, East Sussex. The last two examples in the United Kingdom which are restored to working conditions can be visited at Eling, Hampshire and at Woodbridge, Suffolk.


title: Watermill

text: "Run of the river" schemes do not divert water at all and usually involve undershot wheels the mills are mostly on the banks of sizeable rivers or fast flowing streams. Other watermills were set beneath large bridges where the flow of water between the stanchions was faster. At one point London bridge had so many water wheels beneath it that bargemen complained that passage through the bridge was impaired.


title: Watermill

text: In 1870 watermills still produced 2/3 of the power available for British grain milling. By the early 20th century, availability of cheap electrical energy made the watermill obsolete in developed countries although some smaller rural mills continued to operate commercially later throughout the century.


title: Watermill

text: A few historic mills such as the Water Mill, Newlin Mill and Yates Mill in the US and The Darley Mill Centre in the UK still operate for demonstration purposes. Small-scale commercial production is carried out in the UK at Daniels Mill, Little Salkeld Mill and Redbournbury Mill. This was boosted to overcome flour shortages during the Covid pandemic.


title: Watermill

text: Some old mills are being upgraded with modern hydropower technology, such as those worked on by the South Somerset Hydropower Group in the UK.


title: Watermill

text: In some developing countries, watermills are still widely used for processing grain. For example, there are thought to be 25,000 operating in Nepal, and 200,000 in India. Many of these are still of the traditional style, but some have been upgraded by replacing wooden parts with better-designed metal ones to improve the efficiency. For example, the Centre for Rural Technology in Nepal upgraded 2,400 mills between 2003 and 2007.


title: Anikha Surendran

text: Anikha Surendran, also known as Baby Anikha, is an Indian actress known for her work in the Telugu, Malayalam, and Tamil film industries. She acted in "Kadha Thudarunnu" (2010), "Yennai Arindhaal" (2015) and "Viswasam" (2019). She has received awards for acting.


title: Anikha Surendran

text: Anikha's debut as a child artist was in the film "Kadha Thudarunnu" in 2010. Subsequently, she has appeared in Tamil films like "Yennai Arindhaal", "Viswasam," and the web series "Queen". In her first film "Chotta Mumbai" (2007), she had an uncredited role which appears just for some seconds in climax.


title: Sex machine

text: A sex machine is a mechanical device used to simulate human sexual intercourse or other sexual activity.


title: Sex machine

text: Devices can be penetrative or extractive. The term fucking machine is generally used to describe a penetrative machine which works by the transfer of rotational or reciprocating force from a motor to a directional motion on a shaft tipped by a dildo. A hand-held modified reciprocating saw device is sometimes called a fucksaw, a hand-held modified drill motor rotating device is sometimes called a drilldo, and a modified jigsaw is called a jillsaw. An extractive device works like a milking machine and can be attached to the penis, breast, or other body part.


title: Sex machine

text: The vibrator was originally invented for the treatment of hysteria in Victorian women through medical orgasm induced by clitoral massage. These early mechanical devices were much larger and more powerful than the modern vibrators; they were first used by physicians and became popular in bath houses in Europe and the US towards the beginning of the 20th century. More compact, electrically powered versions later briefly appeared as health aids in department store catalogs.


title: Sex machine

text: Modern automated erotic stimulation devices differ from vibrators because they penetrate as well as throb. These devices are sometimes used as part of auto-erotic or partnered bondage play. Teledildonics combines use of various sex machines and a web interface, used remotely by a partner. Modern sex machines on the market include vacuum pumps, instruments that deliver calibrated electrical shocks to the nipples and genitals, and life size inflatable male and female dolls with penetrable and vibrating orifices.


title: Sex machine

text: The conference Arse Elektronika regularly features demonstrations of sex machines and academic debates about these devices.


title: Sex machine

text: In 2009, a woman from Maryland required a medevac after the blade of a homemade sex machine cut through the plastic dildo and caused severe vaginal injuries.


title: Sex machine

text: In the 2008 film "Burn After Reading", US Treasury agent Harry Pfarrer builds a pedal-powered "dildo chair". The pornographic website Fucking Machines has been featured in the mainstream press as a source of information and depictions of uses.


title: Sex machine

text: In 2011, J. Michael Bailey provided a forum for a live demonstration of a sex machine device to his class at Northwestern University, which led to international press coverage, questions about appropriate college coursework, and questions about academic freedom vis-a-vis tenure.


title: Skoptsy

text: The Skoptsy (; "eunuch") were a sect within the larger Spiritual Christianity movement in the Russian Empire, best known for practicing castration of men and the mastectomy of women in accordance with their teachings against sexual lust. The term is a descriptive one used by the official Russian Orthodox Church.


title: Skoptsy

text: The movement emerged in the late 18th century. It reached the peak of its popularity in the early 20th century, with as many as 100,000 members, in spite of persecution by the imperial government. Despite severe repression under the Soviet Union, small groups persevered into the 21st century.


title: Skoptsy

text: Skoptsy is a plural of "skopets", at the time the Russian term for "castrate" (in contemporary Russian, the term has become restricted to referring to the sect, in its generic meaning replaced by the loanwords "yévnukh" е́внух, i.e. eunuch, and "kastrat" кастрат).


title: Skoptsy

text: The Skoptsy referred to themselves as the "White Doves" (). Their aim was to perfect the individual by eradicating original sin, which they believed had come into the world by the first coitus between Adam and Eve. They believed that human genitals were the true mark of Cain, and that the true message of Jesus Christ included the practice of castration, that Jesus himself had been a castrate, and that his example had been followed by the apostles and the early Christian saints.


title: Skoptsy

text: They believed that human genitals were a mark of original sin, and that after the expulsion from the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve had the halves of the forbidden fruit grafted onto their bodies, forming testicles and breasts. Thus, the removal of these sexual organs restored the Skoptsy to the pristine state before the original sin. The Skoptsy maintained that they were fulfilling Christ's counsel of perfection in Matthew 19:12 and 18:8–9.


title: Skoptsy

text: There were two kinds of castration: the "lesser seal" and the "greater seal". For men, the "lesser seal" meant the removal of the testicles only, while the "greater seal" involved either removal of the penis or emasculation (removal of both penis and testicles). Men who underwent the "greater seal" used a cow-horn when urinating. The castrations and emasculations were originally performed with a red-hot iron, called the 'fiery baptism'. However, the skoptsy later transitioned to using knives or razors, with the iron serving only to stop the bloodflow. They also twisted the scrotum, destroying the seminal vesicles and stopping the flow of semen.


title: Skoptsy

text: In women, the Skoptsy removed the nipples or the whole breasts. Occasionally, they simply scarred the breasts. They also often removed the labia minora and clitoris. They did not use anesthetics.


title: Skoptsy

text: The operations were generally performed by elders. During the operation, they said the phrase "Christ is risen!"


title: Skoptsy

text: The Skoptsy movement emerged in the 1760s from the flagellant sect of the Khlysty. Its founder was a runaway peasant, later known by the name of Kondratiy Ivanovich Selivanov, a former adherent of a Khlysty sect of one Akulina Ivanovna in the Oryol Governorate. Selivanov had started his own sect in the village of Sosnovka near Morshansk, styling himself "Son of God" and "Redeemer":


title: Skoptsy

text: The community of Selivanov's followers, numbered at 246 people, were put on trial in 1772. Selivanov was convicted of having persuaded thirteen other peasants to castrate themselves. He initially escaped, but was apprehended in 1775 and exiled to Nerchinsk, Siberia.


title: Skoptsy

text: His followers organized to locate and free him. He was found living in Irkutsk, and managed to escape and move to Moscow in 1795. In 1797, he moved to Saint Petersburg where, according to Skoptsy accounts, he was interviewed by Tsar Paul I. He claimed to be the Tsar's father, Peter III (who had been assassinated in 1762), following which Paul I had him confined to the madhouse at Obukhov hospital.


title: Skoptsy

text: He was released in 1802. For the next eighteen years, until 1820, he lived in Saint Petersburg, in the house of one of his disciples. He received double homage as Christ and tsar, identifying himself as both Tsar Peter III and as Christ Returned.


title: Skoptsy

text: Peter had been popular among the Raskolniks (schismatics, or dissidents) because he granted them liberty of conscience, and among the peasants because when pillaging the convents he divided their lands among the labourers. Selivanov claimed the title "God of Gods and King of Kings", and announced his accomplishment of the salvation of believers through castration.


title: Skoptsy

text: When the Governor General of Saint Petersburg, Mikhail Miloradovich, learned that two of his nephews, as well as several members of the guards regiments and sailors, were members of the sect, he asked the imperial government to intervene. Eventually, in June 1820, it was decided to once again arrest Selivanov, and confine him to Evfimiev monastery in Suzdal, where he remained until his death in 1832, allegedly his hundredth year. During his stay in Suzdal, his followers continued to plead for his release. Although this was denied, Selivanov was free to receive visitors in the monastery, and his followers worshipped him there. He also left writings, known under the title "The Message" (Послание) and "Harvest" (Страды), as well as nine letters addressed to the priest Sergeyev.


title: Skoptsy

text: Skoptisism did not disappear after Selivanov's death, and scandals continued to arise. The sect established a presence in Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Morshansk and Odessa, and later in Bukarest and Iași in Romania, where members of the sect had fled to due to the persecution by authorities. By 1866, the sect was reported as having 5,444 members (3,979 men and 1,465 women). Although Skoptisism prescribed castration as a precondition for entering paradise, only a minority of members (703 men and 100 women) had undergone bodily mutilation. Alexandre Dumas, père, writes about the sect, calling them "scopsis", towards the end of his account of his journey through Caucasia, "Le Caucase, Memoires d'un Voyage", 1858, where he met them in Georgia. In the book "The Idiot", Fyodor Dostoevsky mentions that the home of Parfyon Semyonovich Rogozhin is rented to Skoptsy tenants. Dostoevsky also mentions Skoptsy in the 1872 novel "Demons".


title: Skoptsy

text: Repressive measures were tried along with ridicule: male Skoptsy were dressed in women's clothes and paraded wearing fools' caps through the villages. In 1876, 130 Skoptsy were deported. To escape prosecution some of the sect emigrated, mostly to Romania, where some of them mixed with old believer exiles known as Lipovans. Romanian writer I.L. Caragiale acknowledges that toward the end of the 19th century all the horse-powered cabs in Bucharest were driven by Russian Skoptsy ("Scopiţi" in Romanian). Though the law was strict in Russia—every eunuch was compelled to register—Skoptsism did not abate in its popularity.


title: Skoptsy

text: The Skoptsy became known as moneylenders, and a bench known as the "Skoptsy's Bench" stood in St. Petersburg for many years.


title: Skoptsy

text: The Skoptsy may have had as many as 100,000 followers in the early 20th century, although repression continued and members of the sect were put on trial. Increased repression and collectivization under the Soviet Union reduced the numbers to a reported few thousand in 1929, when the authorities staged a widely publicized mass trial against the sect.


title: Skoptsy

text: Leon Trotsky, in a report from Romania in 1913, wrote about the Skoptsy in the Dobruja region who worked as horse-cab drivers and played a predominant role in the local horse trade. Patrick Leigh Fermor in "The Broken Road" describes his encounters (in 1933/4) with two Skapetz in a Bucharest tavern and as a passenger in their horse-drawn cabs:


title: Skoptsy

text: "Their crass little blue eyes were embedded in wide, soft, smooth faces covered with tiny creases and wrinkles. They conversed in oddly high-pitched voices in a language that sounded at first like Bulgarian but soon turned out to be—judging by its shifting vowels and liquid sounds—Russian."


title: Skoptsy

text: Olivia Manning in "The Great Fortune" (1960) describes the Skoptsy carriage drivers of Bucharest based on her visit in 1939.


title: Skoptsy

text: According to the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia," the sect still operated within the USSR in 1947. It is believed to have mostly disappeared by the 1970s, although there are controversial reports of surviving communities in Latvia in the 1990s.


title: Aramex

text: Aramex is an Emirati (Jordanian Origin) multinational logistics, courier and package delivery company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The company was founded by Fadi Ghandour and Bill Kingson in 1982 in Amman, Jordan. It is the first Arab-based company to be listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. Aramex is listed on the Dubai Financial Market. Othman Aljeda serves as the company's CEO. Aramex has approximately 18,000 employees in 70 countries.


title: Aramex

text: Fadi Ghandour co-founded Aramex shortly after receiving his BA in political science from George Washington University, with his business partner, Bill Kingson in 1982. Kingson, a friend of Ghandour's father and owner of a small courier company in the New York tri-state area, discussed the business with Fadi Ghandour after he had expressed interest in the business. After their discussion, Kingson proposed a partnership to establish a courier business in the Middle East with Ghandour.


title: Aramex

text: The company began operations in Amman, Jordan. Arab American Express aimed to become the first courier company in the Middle East. At the time there were no international courier companies based in the region because of logistical and bureaucratic challenges caused by civil wars and complex political relationships. The company's first international delivery was a document for the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance based in Jordan to New York City. Within two years, the company's name was shortened to Aramex.


title: Aramex

text: In 1984, the company's operations were less than $1 million in revenue. Aramex offered Airborne Express 50% ownership of the company for $100,000, that year. Airborne Express declined the offer because it did not have the resources to invest in a small market such as the Middle East. The partnership made Aramex responsible for Airborne's business in the region. Aramex moved its headquarters to Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 1985.


title: Aramex

text: Aramex gained Federal Express as a client in 1987. In the first year of partnership, 30% of Aramex's revenue came from packages originating from the Federal Express network. Airborne Express acquired 9% of Aramex for $2 million. Aramex was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange in January 1997. The company became the first Arab-based company to trade its shares on an American stock exchange. Aramex's valuation was $24 million and the IPO raised $7 million. The company accrued $66 million in revenue .


title: Aramex

text: The company expanded its operations to 120 locations in 33 countries, primarily emerging markets in the Middle East and Southeast Asia by 2001. The company's strategy was to enter high-growth markets characterized by high populations and liberalizing economies. During summer 2001, Abraaj Capital, the first private equity firm in the Middle East, proposed Aramex a leveraged buyout offer that would take the company off of the NASDAQ stock exchange. The deal was accepted and Abraaj Capital acquired the majority of Aramex for $65 million in February 2002. The deal allowed Kingson and Airborne to exit, while Ghandour retained 25% of the company and management control. Abraaj acquired 75% of Aramex and made 6% of its shares available to company employees in the form of stock. Between 2002 and 2003 Aramex's net income rose from $4 million to $10 million.


title: Aramex

text: In 2003, DHL acquired Airborne Express, Aramex's main United States partner. This resulted in Airborne Express exiting the Airborne Alliance. In the same year, Aramex took over the alliance and co-founded the Global Distribution Alliance (GDA), a global alliance of 40 express companies with combined revenues of $7.5 billion. Aramex is chairing the alliance which uses a shipment management system developed by the company.


title: Aramex

text: Aramex went public on the Dubai Financial Market in February 2005. The IPO raised $270 million. The company's revenue increased 23% over 2004 and net income increased 56% that year.


title: Aramex

text: As part of its expansion plans, Aramex concluded a series of acquisitions, including Priority Airfreight, InfoFort, Freight Professionals and TwoWay-Vanguard.


title: Aramex

text: World-renowned writer and columnist Thomas Friedman used Aramex in his book, "The World Is Flat", as an example of companies that benefit from what he calls the flattening of the world. The flattening of the world is the leveling of the economic field and the destruction of "barriers to entry," opening the door wide for an individual or a company anywhere in the world to collaborate or compete globally.


title: Aramex

text: In February 2011, Aramex acquired OneWorld Courier and In-Time Couriers, two Kenyan courier firms. Aramex acquired Berco Express, a South African logistics firm in December 2011. PayPal partnered with Aramex in 2012. The partnership gave PayPal credibility in the Middle East, while opening up new markets abroad for Aramex. Aramex developed REDe, a solution aimed at enabling companies to begin selling their products online, in early 2012. ShopGo, an e-commerce solution, released Aramex Suite in August 2013. The module enabled e-commerce stores to automatically access several of Aramex's services.


title: Aramex

text: Aramex launched Aramex Bio, a medical courier service in March 2014. The service was launched in the Middle East and North Africa. In June 2014, Aramex acquired Mail Call Couriers, an Australian courier service, which at the end of 2016, was acquired by Australia Post. In January 2016, Fastway Couriers, a New Zealand-based courier service with operations in New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Ireland announced that it had been acquired by Aramex. In 2019, Aramex acquired Saudi Tal for Commerce and Contract Company to expand its operations in Saudi Arabia.


title: Aramex

text: In October 2021, GeoPost, the express parcel arm of French Groupe La Poste acquired a 20.15% stake in Aramex.


title: Aramex

text: The company supported the Ruwwad Al Tanmeya initiative in 2006. The initiative aimed to involve the private sector in spurring community development through youth empowerment and investments in the community through education, civic engagement and volunteering. Aramex has a twenty percent stake in Ruwwad Al Tanmeya.


title: Aramex

text: Aramex became the first company in the region to release an annual sustainability report in 2006. The company joined the United Nations Global Compact, the world's largest global corporate citizenship initiative, in 2007.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Garretson Beekman Trudeau (born July 21, 1948) is an American cartoonist, best known for creating the "Doonesbury" comic strip. Trudeau is also the creator and executive producer of the Amazon Studios political comedy series "Alpha House".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau was born in New York City, the son of Jean Douglas ( Moore) and Francis Berger Trudeau Jr. He is the great-grandson of Edward Livingston Trudeau, who created Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. Edward was succeeded by his son Francis and grandson Francis Jr. The latter founded the Trudeau Institute at Saranac Lake, with which Garry Trudeau retains a connection.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Raised in Saranac Lake, Trudeau attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He enrolled in Yale University in 1966. As an art major, Trudeau initially focused on painting, but soon discovered a greater interest in the graphic arts. He spent much of his time cartooning and writing for Yale's humor magazine "The Yale Record", eventually serving as the magazine's editor-in-chief. At the same time, Trudeau began contributing to the "Yale Daily News", which eventually led to the creation of "Bull Tales", a comic strip parodying the exploits of Yale quarterback Brian Dowling. This strip was the progenitor of "Doonesbury".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: While still an undergraduate at Yale, Trudeau published two collections of "Bull Tales": "Bull Tales" (1969, published by the "Yale Daily News") and "Michael J." (1970, published by "The Yale Record").


title: Garry Trudeau

text: As a senior, Trudeau became a member of Scroll and Key. He did postgraduate work at the Yale School of Art, earning a master of fine arts degree in graphic design in 1973. It was there that Trudeau first met photographer David Levinthal, with whom he collaborated on "Hitler Moves East", an influential "graphic chronicle" of the German invasion of the Soviet Union.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Soon after "Bull Tales" began running in the Yale student newspaper, the strip caught the attention of the newly formed Universal Press Syndicate. The syndicate's editor, James F. Andrews, recruited Trudeau, changed the strip's name to "Doonesbury", and began distributing it following the cartoonist's graduation in 1970. Today "Doonesbury" is syndicated to 1,000 daily and Sunday newspapers worldwide and is accessible online in association with "The Washington Post".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: In 1975, Trudeau became the first comic strip artist to win a Pulitzer, traditionally awarded to editorial-page cartoonists. He was also a Pulitzer finalist in 1990, 2004, and 2005. Other awards include the National Cartoonist Society Newspaper Comic Strip Award in 1994, and the Reuben Award in 1995. In 1993, Trudeau was made a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Wiley Miller, fellow comic-strip artist responsible for "Non Sequitur", called him "far and away the most influential editorial cartoonist in the last 25 years". A regular graduation speaker, Trudeau has received 37 honorary degrees.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: In addition to his creating his strip, Trudeau has worked in both theater and television. He was nominated for an Oscar in 1977 in the category of Animated Short Film for "A Doonesbury Special", created for NBC in collaboration with John and Faith Hubley. The film won the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize in 1978. In 1984, with composer Elizabeth Swados, he wrote the book and lyrics for the Broadway musical "Doonesbury", for which he was nominated for two Drama Desk Awards. A cast album of the show, recorded for MCA, received a Grammy nomination. Trudeau again collaborated with Swados in 1984, this time on "Rap Master Ronnie", a satirical revue about the Reagan Administration that opened off-Broadway at the Village Gate. A filmed version, featuring Jon Cryer, the Smothers Brothers, and Carol Kane, was broadcast on Cinemax in 1988.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Also in 1988, Trudeau wrote and co-produced with director Robert Altman HBO's critically acclaimed "Tanner '88", a satiric look at that year's presidential election campaign. The show won the gold medal for Best Television Series at the Cannes Television Festival, the British Academy Television Award for Best Foreign Program, and Best Imported Program from the British Broadcasting Press Guild. It earned an Emmy Award, as well as four ACE Award nominations. In 2004, Trudeau reunited with Altman to write and co-produce a sequel mini-series, "Tanner on Tanner", for the Sundance Channel.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: In 1996, "Newsweek" and the "Washington Post" speculated that Trudeau had written the novel "Primary Colors", which was later revealed to have been written by Joe Klein. In February 2000, Trudeau, working with Dotcomix, launched "Duke2000", a web-based presidential campaign featuring a real-time, 3-D, streaming-animation version of Duke. Nearly 30 campaign videos were created for the site, and Ambassador Duke was interviewed live by satellite on the "Today Show, Larry King Live, The Charlie Rose Show", and dozens of local TV and radio news shows.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: In 2013, Trudeau created, wrote and co-produced "Alpha House", a political sitcom starring John Goodman that revolves around four Republican U.S. Senators who live together in a townhouse on Capitol Hill. Trudeau was inspired to write the show's pilot after reading a 2007 "New York Times" article about a real D.C. townhouse shared by New York Senator Chuck Schumer, Illinois Senator Dick Durbin, and California Representative George Miller, all Democrats. The pilot for "Alpha House" was produced by Amazon Studios and aired in early 2013. Due to positive response, Amazon picked up the show to develop into a full series, streaming eleven episodes for its first season. On March 31, 2014, Amazon announced that "Alpha House" had been renewed. Production began in July 2014, and the entire second season became available for streaming on October 24, 2014.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: While writing "Alpha House", Trudeau put the daily Doonesbury into rerun mode. On March 3, 2014, the "Classic Doonesbury" series began, featuring approximately four weeks of daily strips from each year of the strip's run. He continues to produce new strips for Sundays. Although "Alpha House" has not been in production since the end of 2014, Trudeau has not returned to creating daily "Doonesbury" strips; new material remains a Sunday-only event.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau has contributed to such publications as "Harper's", "Rolling Stone", "The New Republic", "The New Yorker", "New York", and "The Washington Post". From 1990 to 1994, he wrote and drew an occasional column for "The New York Times" op-ed page, and was a contributing essayist for "Time" magazine from 1996 to 2001.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Beginning with the Gulf War in 1991, Trudeau has written about military issues extensively. In recognition for his work on wounded warriors, he has been presented with the Commander's Award for Public Service by the Department of the Army, the Commander's Award from Disabled American Veterans, the President's Award for Excellence in the Arts from Vietnam Veterans of America, the Distinguished Public Service Award from the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Mental Health Research Advocacy Award from the Yale School of Medicine, and a special citation from the Vet Centers.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: He received several unit commendations from the field during the Gulf War, and he traveled with the USO to visit troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. From 2005 to 2014, his website hosted "The Sandbox", a milblog posting over 800 essays by deployed soldiers, returned vets, caregivers, and spouses. For most of the strip's run, Trudeau has eschewed merchandising, but starting in 1998 he teamed up with Starbucks to create "Doonesbury" products to raise funds for local literacy programs. The items were offered for sale in Starbucks stores for nearly two years and raised over $1 million. Also for charity, Trudeau licensed the strip to Ben & Jerry's, which created a bestselling sorbet flavor called "Doonesberry".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau's son Ross, a digital media producer, is also a crossword constructor who has been published in the "New York Times." As part of the ongoing celebrity partnership series, father and son collaborated on a crossword puzzle that was published on May 15, 2018, in the "Times".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau married Jane Pauley on June 14, 1980; they have three children. He maintains a low personal profile. A rare early appearance on television was as a guest on "To Tell the Truth" in 1971, where only one of the three panelists guessed his identity. In 1990, Trudeau appeared on the cover of "Newsweek" for "Inside Doonesbury's Brain", a story written by Jonathan Alter. This was the first interview Trudeau had given in 17 years.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau cooperated extensively with "Wired" magazine for a 2000 profile, "The Revolution Will be Satirized". He later spoke with the writer of that article, Edward Cone, for a 2004 newspaper column in the Greensboro, North Carolina "News & Record", about the war wounds suffered by the Doonesbury character "B.D.", and in 2006 did a Q&A at Cone's personal blog about The Sandbox. Trudeau granted an interview to "Rolling Stone" in 2004 in which he discussed his time at Yale, which he attended two years behind George W. Bush. He granted another "Rolling Stone" interview in 2010. In 2006, "The Washington Post" printed an extensive profile of Trudeau by writer Gene Weingarten. He appeared on the "Charlie Rose" television program, and at signings for "The Long Road Home: One Step at a Time", his "Doonesbury" book about B.D.'s struggle with injuries received during the second Gulf War.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: On August 1, 2016, Trudeau appeared on MSNBC on "The Rachel Maddow Show". He was brought on to discuss his prediction about Donald Trump's plans to run for president almost three decades earlier. Maddow presented cartoon strips from as far back as 1987. Trudeau was on her show to promote his new book "Yuge", which covers 30 years of Trump appearing in "Doonesbury". On November 7, 2016, Trudeau appeared on "Fresh Air" with Terry Gross to discuss "Yuge". On the "CBS News Sunday Morning" broadcast of December 2, 2018, he was featured and was interviewed by his wife, Jane Pauley.


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Eric Alterman, writing in "The Nation", called "Doonesbury" "one of the great intellectual/artistic accomplishments of the past half-century, irrespective of category".


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Trudeau has also attracted criticism both for the comic strip and for his own opinions. In 1985, responding to changes after his 1983–1984 hiatus in "Doonesbury", readers of "The Saturday Review" voted Trudeau one of the "Most Overrated People in American Arts and Letters", stating that after his hiatus, his comic strip was "predictable, mean-spirited, and not as funny as before."


title: Garry Trudeau

text: Most of Trudeau's original drawings for Doonesbury, along with letters, notebooks, and other archival materials, are in the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. Original drawings are also in the collections of the Library of Congress; the Smithsonian Institute's Museum of American History; the National Portrait Gallery; the National Museum of Health and Medicine; and the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum at Ohio State University.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: APOE belongs to a family of fat-binding proteins called apolipoproteins. In the circulation, it is present as part of several classes of lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, and some HDL. APOE interacts significantly with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is essential for the normal processing (catabolism) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In peripheral tissues, APOE is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, and mediates cholesterol metabolism. In the central nervous system, APOE is mainly produced by astrocytes and transports cholesterol to neurons via APOE receptors, which are members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. APOE is the principal cholesterol carrier in the brain. APOE is required for cholesterol transportation from astrocytes to neurons. APOE qualifies as a checkpoint inhibitor of the classical complement pathway by complex formation with activated C1q.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Apolipoproteins are not unique to mammals. Many terrestrial and marine vertebrates have versions of them. It is believed that "APOE" arose via gene duplications of APOC1 before the fish-mammal split 400 million years ago (emergence of Tetrapoda). Proteins similar in function have been found in choanoflagellates, suggesting that they are a very old class of proteins predating the dawn of all living animals.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: The three major human alleles ("E4", "E3", "E2") arose after the primate-human split around 7.5 million years ago. These alleles are the by-product of non-synonymous mutations which led to changes in functionality. The first allele to emerge was E4. After the primate-human split, there were four amino acid changes in the human lineage, three of which had no effect on protein function (V174L, A18T, A135V). The fourth substitution (T61R) traded a threonine for an arginine altering the protein's functionality. This substitution occurred somewhere in the 6 million year gap between the primate-human split and the Denisovan-human split, since exactly the same substitutions were found in Denisovan "APOE".


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: About 220,000 years ago, an cysteine to arginine substitution took place at amino acid 112 (Cys112Arg) of the "APOE4" gene, and this resulted in the "E3" allele. Finally, 80,000 years ago, another arginine to cysteine substitution at amino acid 158 (Arg158Cys) of the "APOE3" gene created the "E2" allele.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: The gene, "APOE", is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). The "APOE" gene consists of four exons and three introns, totaling 3597 base pairs. "APOE" is transcriptionally activated by the liver X receptor (an important regulator of cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear receptors that form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors. In melanocytic cells "APOE" gene expression may be regulated by MITF.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: APOE is 299 amino acids long and contains multiple amphipathic α-helices. According to crystallography studies, a hinge region connects the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. The N-terminal region (residues 1–167) forms an anti-parallel four-helix bundle such that the non-polar sides face inside the protein. Meanwhile, the C-terminal domain (residues 206–299) contains three α-helices which form a large exposed hydrophobic surface and interact with those in the N-terminal helix bundle domain through hydrogen bonds and salt-bridges. The C-terminal region also contains a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-binding site.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: "APOE" is polymorphic,<ref name="10.1002/ajpa.21298"></ref> with three major alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4): "APOE-ε2" (cys112, cys158), "APOE-ε3" (cys112, arg158), and "APOE-ε4" (arg112, arg158). Although these allelic forms differ from each other by only one or two amino acids at positions 112 and 158, these differences alter APOE structure and function.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: There are several low-frequency polymorphisms of APOE. APOE5 comes in two subtypes E5f and E5s, based on migration rates. APOE5 E5f and APOE7 combined were found in 2.8% of Japanese males. APOE7 is a mutation of APOE3 with two lysine residues replacing glutamic acid residues at positions 244 and 245.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Much remains to be learned about the APOE isoforms, including the interaction of other protective genes. Indeed, the apolipoprotein ε4 isoform is more protective against cognitive decline than other isoforms in some cases, so caution is advised before making determinant statements about the influence of APOE polymorphisms on cognition, development of Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, telomere shortening, etc. Many of the studies cited that purport these adverse outcomes are from single studies that have not been replicated and the research is based on unchecked assumptions about this isoform. As of 2007, there was no evidence that APOE polymorphisms influence cognition in younger age groups (other than possible increased episodic memory ability and neural efficiency in younger APOE4 age groups), nor that the APOE4 isoform places individuals at increased risk for any infectious disease.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: However, the association between the APOE4 allele and Alzheimer's disease has been shown to be weaker in minority groups differently compared to their caucasian counterparts. Hispanics/Latinos and African Americans who were homozygous for the APOE4 allele had 2.2 and 5.7 times the odds, respectively of developing Alzheimer's disease. Caucasians who were homozygous for the allele had 12.5 times the odds.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: APOE transports lipids, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholesterol into the lymph system and then into the blood. It is synthesized principally in the liver, but has also been found in other tissues such as the brain, kidneys, and spleen. In the nervous system, non-neuronal cell types, most notably astroglia and microglia, are the primary producers of APOE, while neurons preferentially express the receptors for APOE. There are seven currently identified mammalian receptors for APOE which belong to the evolutionarily conserved LDLR family.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: APOE was initially recognized for its importance in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Defects in APOE result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia aka type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron, VLDL and LDL. More recently, it has been studied for its role in several biological processes not directly related to lipoprotein transport, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), immunoregulation, and cognition. Though the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated, isoform 4 of APOE, encoded by an APOE allele, has been associated with increased calcium ion levels and apoptosis following mechanical injury.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: In the field of immune regulation, a growing number of studies point to APOE's interaction with many immunological processes, including suppressing T cell proliferation, macrophage functioning regulation, lipid antigen presentation facilitation (by CD1) to natural killer T cell as well as modulation of inflammation and oxidation. APOE is produced by macrophages and APOE secretion has been shown to be restricted to classical monocytes in PBMC, and the secretion of APOE by monocytes is down regulated by inflammatory cytokines and upregulated by TGF-beta.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: As of 2012, the E4 variant was the largest known genetic risk factor for late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a variety of ethnic groups. However, the E4 variant does not correlate with risk in every population. Nigerian people have the highest observed frequency of the "APOE4" allele in world populations, but AD is rare among them. This may be due to their low cholesterol levels. Caucasian and Japanese carriers of two E4 alleles have between 10 and 30 times the risk of developing AD by 75 years of age, as compared to those not carrying any E4 alleles. This may be caused by an interaction with amyloid. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of the peptide beta-amyloid. Apolipoprotein E enhances proteolytic break-down of this peptide, both within and between cells. The isoform APOE-ε4 is not as effective as the others at promoting these reactions, resulting in increased vulnerability to AD in individuals with that gene variation.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Recently, the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease has been questioned, and an article in "Science" claimed that "Just as removing smoke does not extinguish a fire, reducing amyloid plaques may not affect the course of Alzheimer's disease." The role that the E4 variant carries can still be fully explained even in the absence of a valid amyloid hypothesis given the fact that reelin signaling emerges to be one of the key processes involved in Alzheimer's disease and the E4 variant is shown to interact with ApoER2, one of the neuronal reelin receptors, thereby obstructing reelin signaling.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Although 40–65% of AD patients have at least one copy of the ε4 allele, "APOE4" is not a determinant of the disease. At least one-third of patients with AD are "APOE4" negative and some "APOE4" homozygotes never develop the disease. Yet those with two ε4 alleles have up to 20 times the risk of developing AD. There is also evidence that the "APOE2" allele may serve a protective role in AD. Thus, the genotype most at risk for Alzheimer's disease and at an earlier age is APOE4,4. Using genotype APOE3,3 as a benchmark (with the persons who have this genotype regarded as having a risk level of 1.0) and for white populations only, individuals with genotype APOE4,4 have an odds ratio of 14.9 of developing Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with the APOE3,4 genotype face an odds ratio of 3.2, and people with a copy of the 2 allele and the 4 allele (APOE2,4), have an odds ratio of 2.6. Persons with one copy each of the 2 allele and the 3 allele (APOE2,3) have an odds ratio of 0.6. Persons with two copies of the 2 allele (APOE2,2) also have an odds ratio of 0.6.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: While ApoE4 has been found to greatly increase the odds that an individual will develop Alzheimer's, a 2002 study concluded, that in persons with any combination of APOE alleles, high serum total cholesterol and high blood pressure in mid-life are independent risk factors which together can nearly triple the risk that the individual will later develop AD. Projecting from their data, some researchers have suggested that lowering serum cholesterol levels may reduce a person's risk for Alzheimer's disease, even if they have two ApoE4 alleles, thus reducing the risk from nine or ten times the odds of getting AD down to just two times the odds.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Women are more likely to develop AD than men across most ages and APOE genotypes. Premorbid women with the ε4 allele have significantly more neurological dysfunction than men.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: Knockout mice that lack the apolipoprotein-E gene (APOE) develop extreme hypercholesterolemia when fed a high-fat diet.


title: Apolipoprotein E

text: APOE knockout mice show marked attenuation of cerebral malaria and increased survival, as well as decreased sequestration of parasites and T cells within the brain, likely due to protection of the blood–brain barrier. Human studies have shown that the APOE2 polymorphism correlates with earlier infection, and APOE3/4 polymorphisms increase likelihood of severe malaria.


title: Problem Child 2

text: Problem Child 2 is a 1991 American black comedy film, and a sequel to the 1990 film "Problem Child"; a continuation of the exploits of Junior (Michael Oliver), an adopted orphan boy who deliberately wreaks comedic havoc everywhere he goes. John Ritter returns as his adopted father, Ben Healy. Amy Yasbeck, who played Ben's wife, Flo, in the first film, also returns, this time as school nurse Annie Young who has a daughter named Trixie Young (Ivyann Schwan) who's also a problem child.


title: Problem Child 2

text: It was directed by Brian Levant in his feature film directorial debut and produced by Robert Simonds, who also produced the first film. In addition, Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski return as screenwriters. It was rated PG-13, unlike its predecessor, which was rated PG. The film did not fare as well as its predecessor, although it was still successful at the box office.


title: Problem Child 2

text: Ben Healy and his son, Junior, move to Mortville, Oregon, a quiet community, as a way to start over. Ben is initially sad to be leaving Cold River until Junior reminds him that everyone there has been horrible to him his whole life. Before they arrive at their new house, Junior sees a girl roller skating on the sidewalk with a balloon. He pops it with his sling shot and laughs at her as he goes by. Ben and Junior arrive at their new house, and moments later, dozens of women line up in their front yard, all of them wanting to date Ben. Meanwhile, Ben's father, Big Ben Healy, arrives to live with them when he loses all of his money in a bad investment.


title: Problem Child 2

text: When Junior starts his first day of third grade, he sees that Igor Peabody is the principal of his new school. Peabody panics at the sight of him and promptly promotes him to the sixth grade. He gets on school bully Murph's bad side when he tapes him to the chalkboard. Murph retaliates by trying to drop the school's satellite dish on Junior, but it misses him and hits Ben instead, knocking him out. When Ben comes to, he sees school nurse Annie Young and becomes smitten with her. Junior, annoyed at Ben's sudden love interest, retaliates by attempting to draw a mustache on Annie's picture hanging in the hall, only to be foiled by Trixie, the girl whose balloon he popped earlier. Throughout the film, Trixie and Junior engage in an escalating prank war.


title: Problem Child 2

text: Around the same time, LaWanda DuMore, the richest lady in Mortville, takes an interest in Ben, much to Junior's chagrin. While Ben and Junior are gone for the day, she decorates the house to impress Ben. Junior ruins a dinner LaWanda makes by putting live cockroaches in the food. Afterwards, she tells him that when she is his stepmother she will send him to boarding school in Baghdad. He tries to tell Ben that she is bad, but Ben does not believe him.


title: Problem Child 2

text: While at a school function, Ben sees the puppet show go awry and thinks Junior is to blame. He stops it but is surprised to see it was Trixie ruining it. It is also revealed that Annie is her mother. Annie rushes to take her home: Ben tries to tell her he understands what it is like raising a problem child and thinks they can help one another. She tells him she likes him, but if they date, Trixie's behavior would only get worse. He proposes to LaWanda believing she is the only woman who will marry him.


title: Problem Child 2

text: By a chance meeting in a pizza restaurant, Ben, Annie, Junior, and Trixie have dinner together and have a good time, even after the food fight the kids start with Mr. Peabody and his girlfriend gets them thrown out. Junior and Trixie apologize and decide their parents should date. Junior tries to stop the wedding by switching LaWanda's blood sample with that of a rabid dog. While celebrating her engagement to Ben, she gets cake icing on her face, which bears a resemblance to foaming at the mouth, a symptom of rabies. As a result, she is handcuffed by animal control officers and sent to the hospital for observation. With her there, Junior overhears a patient in the room across from hers saying he wants to hold the world record for the world's longest nose. He sabotages her plastic surgery by switching the patient files, resulting in her receiving a gigantic nose – Junior's attempt to make LaWanda so ugly that Ben will not marry her. Unfortunately, she uses her funds to get last minute surgery to undo the damage. At the altar, Junior's and Trixie's work pays off, and Ben finally realizes that Annie is the one for him. Big Ben decides to marry the now-single LaWanda, while Junior and Trixie use explosives to splatter both of them with the wedding cake.


title: Problem Child 2

text: The film was shot on location in Orlando, Florida from January 16 to March 15, 1991, including the then newly, opened Universal Studios Florida. The "Pizzariffic" scene was filmed at a small, vacant restaurant on Orlando Avenue in Maitland (which became Buca di Beppo 2 years later). The gift shop in the opening montage is on International Drive in Orlando. At another point in the opening montage, Junior and Ben get donuts from Randy's Donuts in Inglewood, California. The scenes for the Healys' house were filmed at 1216 Lancaster Drive in Orlando. When Junior and Ben are leaving Cold River at the beginning, they are driving down Atlanta Avenue in Orlando. All of the "Mortville Elementary School" scenes were filmed at Orlando's Kaley Elementary School. Napasorn Thai on East Pine Street in Downtown Orlando was used for the Dunmore Bank, as evidenced by the restaurant's unique inlaid corner windows visible in the scene. Orlando's Harry P. Leu Gardens was used as the "Love Rock" backdrop for the wedding scene. The Hyatt Regency Orlando was used as the "Saint Pierre Club" backdrop for Ben and Debbie's date scene.


title: Problem Child 2

text: In 2014, during an interview on Gottfried's "Amazing Colossal Podcast", screenwriters Alexander and Karaszewski revealed that the studio was reluctant to rehire them, only doing so because they wanted to shoot a sequel before Michael Oliver could noticeably grow and, as the writers of the first film, could produce a script quicker than writers new to the story and characters.


title: Problem Child 2

text: Frustrated with the criticisms of the first film, they deliberately increased the poor taste, intending to make a Pasolini or John Waters film for children, and went so far overboard that the first cut received an R rating from the MPAA, a secret kept until their 2014 appearance on the podcast. Dubbing over Junior's use of the term "pussy-whipped" got a PG-13 on appeal, but the studio was still so nervous that, at the last minute, they added the 1947 Woody Woodpecker cartoon "Smoked Hams" to its theatrical run, to reassure parents that it was suitable for children.


title: Problem Child 2

text: The film did not fare as well as the first one, earning half as much at the U.S. box-office. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 7% of 27 surveyed critics gave it a positive review. The site's consensus reads: "Crude, rude, puerile, and pointless, "Problem Child 2" represents a cynical nadir in family-marketed entertainment". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B+" on scale of A to F.


title: Problem Child 2

text: "Variety magazine" stated: "At times this poor version of a sitcom seems written by five-year-olds for five-year-olds, so much so that one suspects its script was fingerpainted".


title: Problem Child 2

text: "Problem Child 2" first aired on NBC-TV on November 2, 1992, with 7 minutes of previously deleted scenes, an altered scene (in Peabody's office, Junior burps rather than let out a long fart) and the profanity was dubbed with appropriate phrases.


title: Military ranks of Nigeria

text: The Military ranks of Nigeria are the military insignia used by the Nigerian Armed Forces. Nigeria shares a rank structure similar to that of the United Kingdom.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Merrill Davis Osmond (born April 30, 1953) is an American musician, singer, and occasional actor. He is best known for being the lead vocalist and bassist of the family music group The Osmonds and The Osmond Brothers, as well as an occasional solo artist.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Osmond was born in Ogden, Utah, the fifth of the nine children of Olive May (née Davis; 1925–2004) and George Virl Osmond (1917–2007).


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Four of the Osmonds were cast over a seven-year period on NBC's "The Andy Williams Show", a musical variety program. They also appeared in nine episodes of the 1963–64 ABC western television series "The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters", with Merrill in the role of young Deuteronomy Kissel. The series starred then 12-year-old Kurt Russell on a wagon train headed to the American West.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: A tenor/countertenor vocalist well into adulthood, Merrill was either lead singer or co-lead singer (usually sharing duties with younger brother Donny) on almost all of the Osmonds' songs and co-wrote, along with older brother Alan, many of them. When Donny began to focus on his own career in the late 1970s, Merrill grew out his beard and, along with his brothers, shifted to country music, recording a number of hits on the country charts in the 1980s; he also had one hit independent of his fellow Osmonds, a duet with session singer Jessica Boucher (younger sister of Savannah and Sherry Boucher), "You're Here to Remember (I'm Here to Forget)," which peaked at number 62 on the Hot Country Singles chart in May 1987. Osmond announced his intent to retire from performing in 2022 and performed his last American show in April of that year, with a UK tour to follow.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Merrill has been twice knighted, once by the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing and once by the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem. In May 2017, he received an honorary doctorate in humanities from Dixie State University, now known as Utah Tech University.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Osmond has sporadically hosted the podcast "Sound Advice" with his son Justin since 2020, produced by KSL radio.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Merrill was the first of the performing Osmond siblings to marry. He wed Mary Carlson on September 17, 1973; they have four sons, two daughters, and 15 grandchildren. Merrill's second son, Justin, is deaf, as are Justin's uncles, Virl and Tom Osmond, Merrill's two oldest brothers. Justin Osmond works with several organizations and launched the Olive Osmond Perpetual Hearing Fund in 2010. Merrill's youngest son, Troy, died in his sleep at age 33 on November 9, 2018 from an undiagnosed heart condition.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: Like the rest of his family, Merrill is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A statement of faith on his Web site expresses support for the Book of Mormon and the prophecies of Joseph Smith, as well as the church's compatibility with mainstream Christianity. In keeping with church tradition, all his sons have served as missionaries.


title: Merrill Osmond

text: In a 2021 interview with GB News, Osmond described himself as "very conservative" person. He expressed mixed feelings toward former President Donald Trump, noting that his experience with Trump was that Trump was a "nice guy" but that Osmond was never comfortable with the way Trump spoke.


title: VIP (South Korean TV series)

text: VIP () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Jang Na-ra, Lee Sang-yoon, Lee Chung-ah, Kwak Sun-young, Pyo Ye-jin and Shin Jae-ha. It aired on SBS TV's Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST) time slot from October 28 to December 24, 2019.


title: VIP (South Korean TV series)

text: The story of Sung Un Department Store's team who works for the VIP clients which constitute the top 1% of their customers.


title: VIP (South Korean TV series)

text: One day after a receiving a text message about her husband's infidelity from an anonymous source, Na Jeong-seon (Jang Na-ra) begins to suspect her husband and her colleagues of having an affair. In her quest to discover the truth, she ends up revealing more than one secret that her colleagues are hiding.


title: VIP (South Korean TV series)

text: The first script reading took place on April 18, 2019. Filming began on May 9 and ended on October 26, 2019, two days before the premiere of the series.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad ( "the Eightfold"; , a plural nisba of "eight") were eight primordial deities worshiped in Hermopolis.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: References to the Ogdoad date to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and even at the time of composition of the Pyramid Texts toward the end of the Old Kingdom, they appear to have been antiquated and mostly forgotten by everyone except their theologians. They are frequently mentioned in the Coffin Texts of the Middle Kingdom. The oldest known pictorial representations of the group do not pre-date the time of Seti I (New Kingdom, thirteenth century BC), when the group appears to be rediscovered by the theologians of Hermopolis for the purposes of creating a more elaborate creation-account.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: Texts of the Late Period describe them as having the heads of frogs (male) and serpents (female), and they are often depicted in this way in reliefs of the last dynasty, the Ptolemaic Kingdom.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: The eight deities were arranged in four male–female pairs. The names have the same meanings and differ only by their endings,


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: The names of Nu and Naunet are written with the determiners for sky and water, and it seems clear that they represent the primordial waters.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: Ḥeḥu and Ḥeḥut have no readily identifiable determiners; according to a suggestion due to Brugsch (1885), the names are associated with a term for an undefined or unlimited number, "ḥeḥ", suggesting a concept similar to the Greek "aion". From the context of a number of passages in which Ḥeḥu is mentioned, however, Brugsch also suggested that the names may be a personification of the atmosphere between heaven and earth (c.f. "Shu").


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: The names of Kekui and Kekuit are written with a determiner combining the sky hieroglyph with a staff or scepter used for words related to darkness and obscurity, and "kkw" as a regular word means "darkness", suggesting that these gods represent primordial darkness, comparable to the Greek Erebus, but in some aspects they appear to represent day as well as night, or the change from night to day and from day to night.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: The fourth pair has no consistent attributes as it appears with varying names; sometimes the name "Qerḥ" is replaced by "Ni, Nenu, Nu, or Amun", and the name "Qerḥet" by "Ennit, Nenuit, Nunu, Nit, or Amunet". The common meaning of "qerḥ" is "night", but the determinative (D41 for "to halt, stop, deny") also suggests the principle of inactivity or repose.


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: There is no obvious way to allot or attribute four functions to the four pairs of deities, and it seems clear that "the ancient Egyptians themselves had no very clear idea" regarding such functions. Nevertheless, there have been attempts to assign "four ontological concepts"


title: Ogdoad (Egyptian)

text: For example, in the context of the New Kingdom, Karenga (2004) uses "fluidity" (for "flood, waters"), "darkness", "unboundedness", and "invisibility" (or "repose, inactivity").


title: Farrah Franklin

text: Farrah Laron Franklin (born May 3, 1981) is an American R&B singer. She is also a former member of the girl group Destiny's Child. Along with Michelle Williams, she replaced the group's original members LaTavia Roberson and LeToya Luckett. Franklin spent several months with the group before departing as a member. While her musical contribution to the group was minimal, Franklin's vocals are featured on the group's single "Independent Women Part I" which peaked at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, following her departure.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: Franklin was born in Des Moines, Iowa, and raised in Fresno, California. She considers Lawrence Bohanon to be her dad, as she never met her biological father, Rodney Allen Heard. Franklin grew up attending church and loving music. She started singing at age two, inspired by Bohanon, who played bass guitar in local bands. She also had a passion for acting and dance. When Franklin was eight, she began performing in plays at the Fresno Memorial Auditorium. She was in the concert choir at Central High School, where she was bullied. At fifteen, Franklin became motivated to leave Fresno to pursue a career in entertainment, after her aunt moved to Los Angeles. She went by the name, Destiny Franklin, before her stint in Destiny's Child. She is of African-American and Italian descent, and the oldest of nineteen children, including a younger sister named Karrie. She is also the cousin of late singer/rapper Natina Reed.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: In 1999, while living in Los Angeles, Franklin was hired to be an extra in the music video for Destiny's Child's "Bills, Bills, Bills". It was there that she met with group members Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, LeToya Luckett, and LaTavia Roberson. At the time, she was in a fledgling singing group called Jane Doe, which was in the process of disbanding. In January 2000, Mathew Knowles invited Franklin and Michelle Williams to join Destiny's Child, replacing previous group members LeToya and LaTavia without notice. The two were introduced to fans in February 2000, by appearing in the music video for "Say My Name". Franklin toured and performed with the group, and also appeared in the music video for "Jumpin', Jumpin'". She contributed vocals to various Destiny's Child songs, including "Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Remixes), "Upside Down" (Live at VH1 Divas), and "Dot", as well as a few tracks on "Survivor", released after her departure, like "Independent Women" and "Dance with Me".


title: Farrah Franklin

text: On July 20, 2000, after six months with Destiny's Child, Franklin exited the group. A day later, group member Beyoncé claimed in an interview that Franklin had missed three major promotional dates and expressed a lack of interest in continuing with the group, leaving them with no other choice but to dismiss her. In a later interview, Franklin denied Beyoncé's allegation, stating that she had suffered from dehydration and a stomach virus but was recovering as she traveled with the group to do shows in Seattle and Europe. Farrah contended that after being verbally attacked by management, due to her not showing up because she was ill, she stormed out of the room and quit the group.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: After leaving Destiny's Child, Franklin embarked on a solo career. From 2002 to 2003, she was signed to and dropped from Fo' Reel, where she recorded a song titled "Get at Me" with Method Man. She then spent two years signed to Fabolous street label, Street Family Entertainment, before getting dropped in 2005. Prior to joining Destiny's Child, Franklin appeared in the 1999 feature film "Trippin'" and began an acting career, starring in 2004's "The Brewster Project". In 2006, she was cast in an episode on the sitcom, All of Us. She shot an independent thriller film called "Eyes of Darkness", which also featured rapper Jayo Felony, and starred in other films like "Single Black Female". She's modeled for Russell Simmons' fashion line Def Jam University and has been featured on the covers of "Teen People", "Ebony", "CosmoGirl", "Vibe", and "Today's Black Woman". Aside from her work as a replacement member in Destiny's Child, she has cameoed in several music videos for artists like Kurupt, Nelly, Mr. Cheeks, and R. L. Huggar.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: In January 2007, Franklin made an appearance with other former members of Destiny's Child in the E! special "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", which documented their experiences in Destiny's Child and the issues that Franklin faced during the months she was present in the group. Franklin insisted that she was mistreated and ignored by management during meetings when she asked questions about the massive deductions in the group's paychecks. She released a single called "Lollipop" in 2008.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: In 2014, Franklin moved from Los Angeles to Atlanta, hoping to restart her career in music. She released a promotional single called "Magic N Makeup" to all streaming markets on September 15, 2015. The music video for the single was released via her official Vevo channel on September 24, 2015. In 2016, Franklin released a song titled "Over" and uploaded another called "Billion Dollar Fantasy" to SoundCloud in 2017. In 2018, she collaborated with singer Lucky Harmon on the song "Build Me Up", which she cowrote. Franklin also owns a company called One Love Pictures and Entertainment. In June 2020, she released the single "Push Up On Me" featuring rapper Maino.


title: Farrah Franklin

text: In June 2016, Franklin was detained by police in DeKalb County, Georgia on charges of public intoxication and marijuana possession. This incident mirrored her 2011 arrest in Culver, City, California and her 2014 arrest in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Franklin's biological father, Rodney Allen Heard, died in July 2017. She currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The Toyota VZ engine family is a series of V6 gasoline piston engines ranging from in displacement and both SOHC and DOHC configurations. It was Toyota's first V6 engine, being made as a response to Nissan’s VG engine, one of Japan’s first mass-produced V6 engines.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The VZ family uses a 60° V-angle design, and introduced many changes for Toyota, including various EFI, ECU, and engine improvements from generation to generation. The low angle DOHC and SOHC cylinder heads excel in low-mid torque and power, making the VZ series well-suited for various uses in cars, trucks, and SUVs.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The blocks are all strongly made using cast iron with large interconnected main bearing cradles and two bolt main bearing caps. Cylinder heads are made from aluminum. Forged steel crankshafts, and cast iron main bearing support girdles became standard with the 3VZ-FE. Piston and ring construction are typical parts, with rods varying between large and very large for stock V6 production engines.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 1VZ-FE is a version, produced from 1987 to 1993. Bore and stroke is . Output is at 6000 rpm and at 4600 rpm. It uses a DOHC layout with a cast iron block and an aluminum 24 valve head.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 2VZ-FE is a version, produced from 1987 to 1991. Bore and stroke is and the compression ratio is 9.0:1. Output as fitted to the North American Lexus ES250 is at 5,600 rpm and at 4400 rpm with redline limit of 6800 rpm. It uses a DOHC layout with a cast iron block and an aluminum 24 valve head.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 3VZ-E is a version, produced from 1987 to 1995. Bore remains at but stroke is pushed to . At introduction output was specified as then later bumped to at 4800 rpm with of torque at 3400 rpm. It uses an SOHC layout with a cast iron block and an aluminum 12 valve head.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: Despite sharing an engine family designation with the 3VZ-FE, the 3VZ-E and 3VZ-FE only have few parts in common.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 3VZ-FE is a version, produced from 1992 to 1997. It is a revised variant of the 3VZ-E, mated with aluminum DOHC 24 valve heads. It retains the same bore and stroke, and has a forged steel crankshaft and cast connecting rods. The upper intake plenum is of the split-chamber design with Toyota's ACIS variable-intake system feeding three sets of runners for both heads.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: Because the VZ series was originally for pickup truck and SUV use, the 3VZ-FE happens to be a physically tall motor. To make the engine fit in FWD engine bays, Toyota tilted the motor towards the firewall. This "tilt" is so severe (approximately ~15 degrees) that reaching the rear bank of cylinders is nearly impossible without first removing the intake plenum.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: Parts-wise, the 3VZ-FE shares very little with the rest of the VZ engine family. The main bearings are shared with the 3VZ-E, but little else. Cams can also be interchanged between the 5VZ-FE and 3VZ-FE heads.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 3VZ-FE was used on the Camry platform from 1992 to May 1997 depending on the market: North America saw the engine only in 1992 and 1993, while Australia and New Zealand had it from 1992 to 1996. The engine was available in some parts of Asia in the Toyota Windom until May 1997. Following 1994, the 1MZ-FE engines replaced the 3VZ-FE in most applications. However the 3VZ-FE continued to be used in Australia until 1996, especially in the Camry. The power spread of the 3VZ-FE is wide, having close to maximum torque between 2500–4600 rpm, with power trailing off by 6000 rpm. The stock redline is 6600 rpm, and the ECU's fuel/ignition cut-off is 7200 rpm.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 4VZ-FE is a version, produced from 1992 to 1998. It was built to replace the 2VZ-FE as Toyota's new 2.5 L V6. It uses a DOHC layout with a cast iron block and an aluminum 24 valve head.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: Bore is and stroke is slightly shorter than that of the 2VZ-FE at . Output is at 6000 rpm. Compression ratio of this engine was raised from 9.0:1 to 9.6:1.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: The 5VZ-FE is a version, produced from 1995 to 2004. It replaces the SOHC 3VZ-E engine. Bore is up to and stroke is while the compression ratio stays the same as the 3VZ-FE at 9.6:1. Output is for Tacoma and for 4Runner at 4800 rpm with of torque for Tacoma and for 4Runner at 3600 rpm.


title: Toyota VZ engine

text: It has a cast iron engine block, and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The 5VZ-FE uses sequential multi-port fuel injection, has four valves per cylinder with shim-over-bucket tappets and features large cast connecting rods, one-piece cast camshafts, a cast crank (unlike the 3VZ-FE, which was forged) and a cast aluminum intake manifold. This engine also sometimes features an oil cooler (depending on application) and a wasted spark ignition system with three coils. Camshafts are belt-driven. It is a non-interference engine.


title: Kyon Ki

text: Kyon Ki () is a 2005 Indian romantic drama film written and directed by Priyadarshan and produced by Sunil Manchanda and Mukesh Talreja, with Orion Pictures serving as distributor. The film is a remake of Priyadarshan's own 1986 Malayalam film "Thalavattam" which in turn was a remake of the 1975 movie "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" which was based on Ken Kesey's 1962 novel of the same name. The film stars Salman Khan, Jackie Shroff, Kareena Kapoor, Suniel Shetty, Rimi Sen and Om Puri in pivotal roles, and tells the story of Anand, a mental patient whose past draws a female doctor, Tanvi, close to him, testing her own beliefs and challenging her authoritarian father, the administrator of the sanatorium in which Anand has been admitted.


title: Kyon Ki

text: Sir Richard's Mental Sanatorium is run by the strict and authoritative Dr. Khurana, along with the other two main doctors, Sunil and Tanvi Khurana, who is the daughter of Khurana. Tanvi has treated a female patient who wears no. 36; her process of doing so has always been caring and gentle, rebelling against Khurana's inhumane ways of dealing with mentally ill patients. As she gets discharged, Tanvi doesn't get acknowledged for her efforts, which devastate her and since then, she has become embittered and vows to never come close to any patient, especially no. 36.


title: Kyon Ki

text: A young man, Anand, is brought to the mental sanatorium by a court order. His elder brother requests the doctors to admit him immediately. However, they insist on evaluating his mental condition before taking any decision. On being asked a few questions, Anand does not show any signs of insanity, and the doctors conclude that there is nothing wrong with him. Just then, Anand spots a housefly on the table. He tries to capture it but it evades him. While Anand's brother insists with the doctors, Anand suddenly becomes very violent, picking up a club and using it to hit everything the fly lands on. This convinces the doctors that he is indeed insane, and they finally admit him.


title: Kyon Ki

text: Anand tries to make friends with other patients in the sanatorium. Sunil develops a caring bond with Anand, as it is revealed that Sunil was made a doctor by Anand's father. Anand makes a commotion almost every day and acts childish which upsets Tanvi and she demands that Anand is thrown out from the asylum.


title: Kyon Ki

text: Sunil finds Anand's diary and gives it to Tanvi, who finds out about Anand's sad past after reading his diary. Anand was a musician in college who was deeply in love with Maya, a young, vivacious nun in Romania. Maya, who was apprised of his feelings, however, did not reciprocate her love towards Anand, leaving him conflicted. To get her to respond, Anand threatened to commit suicide on the rooftop of the church by pretending to set fire on himself one day, resulting in Maya attempting to stop him and therefore ending up confessing her love towards him. Anand was delighted with the turn of events and having been contented with his lady love, planned to marry her. Maya turned out to be roguish and enjoyed her time with Anand, which she eventually got used to by throwing a series of pranks on Anand, such as pretending to have trouble riding a horse and nearly getting in an accident, only to later reveal that she can perfectly ride a horse after Anand got worried or when she was insisted by Anand to drive a car and she revealed she can't drive and rushing it across a populated street and nearly crashing it into the road when he persisted her to try, only to reveal later that she knew how to drive perfectly and was simply messing with him. Anand plotted to get back at her playfully and pranked her back by throwing her into a swimming pool, to which she heavily resisted, and warned Anand explaining that she cannot swim but Anand refused to believe her thinking it's just another one of her elaborate pranks and left her in the water, but it turned out she wasn't lying and indeed couldn't swim. As a result, Anand came back to see that Maya had drowned; his life was completely shattered. He became traumatized, blaming himself for Maya's death.


title: Kyon Ki

text: After finding out this secret, Tanvi feels guilty for her treatment towards Anand and apologizes to him. They become good friends, spend time together, and she and Sunil work together to cure Anand and make him remember his past. This works, and Anand completely gets over the trauma of Maya's death and is finally cured. He decides to leave the asylum but stays when Tanvi expresses her love to him. He reciprocates her love and the two are happy with each other. But fate plays a part in the story; Tanvi has already fallen in love with Anand but is engaged to Karan, under her father, Khurana's approval.


title: Kyon Ki

text: When Khurana finds out about Tanvi and Anand, he is livid as he sees this as a doctor-patient relationship, not a genuine relationship from a father's point of view. He demands Tanvi to leave him but she refuses to back down. When Karan finds out, he tells Tanvi to go with Anand. Sunil tries to make Khurana see that mental asylum patients should be treated with love, care, and affection, but Khurana stubbornly believes that patients should be treated with oppression and brutality. Anand rebels against the strict hospital regime and Khurana's disapproval of Tanvi and Anand, but he refuses to back down. This makes Anand explode into a violent rage against Khurana, which results in Khurana lobotomizing him. Seeing no way out, Sunil and Tanvi arrive at the asylum to smuggle Anand out so that he and Tanvi can run away together, but it is too late when Sunil finds out about Anand's lobotomy. Realizing he is better off dead, Sunil sorrowfully kills his neurologically-disabled friend by suffocating him with a pillow. After Sunil confesses to Khurana about the act of euthanasia, Tanvi becomes insane due to the shock of Anand's death. She is admitted as a patient in the same asylum and the same number Anand had, no. 36. Dr. Khurana is shown to be feeling guilty of losing his own daughter to a patient in the same asylum.


title: Kyon Ki

text: "Kyon Ki" released on 3 November 2005 to coincide with the festival of Diwali in India. It performed poorly at the box office and grossed over ₹231 million worldwide. Another Priyadarshan-directed film was released on the same day, the comedy "Garam Masala" which was commercially successful at the box office, grossing over ₹546 million.


title: Kyon Ki

text: The film received generally negative reviews from critics. Urvashi Asharl of "The Times of India" commented that the film was "a huge disappointment" as it had a predictable and dull plot with too many songs but praised the performances of Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, and Jackie Shroff. Rediff.com reviewer Patcy N. also felt that there were too many songs and criticised the script and slow pacing of the film. Namrata Joshi writing for the magazine "Outlook" wrote that the central romance between Khan and Kapoor was not believable and criticised the acting and script saying "all the actors just sleepwalk through their ill-sketched roles". She also described the depiction of violence against mentally ill patients as therapy in the film as "offensive to say the least".


title: Kyon Ki

text: A group of psychiatrists in Mumbai referred the film to the National Human Rights Commission of India asking for certain scenes to be removed. They felt that the film's depiction of mentally ill patients and their treatment was derogatory and misleading.


title: Kyon Ki

text: Himesh Reshammiya composed all the songs featured in the film. The lyrics were penned by Sameer. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 13,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fourteenth highest-selling.


title: Lorena Bernal

text: Lorena Bernal Pascual (born 12 May 1981) is an Argentine-Spanish actress, television host, and model.


title: Lorena Bernal

text: Bernal was born in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. She moved to San Sebastián, Spain, when she was a year old, and studied at the French Lycée Français de Saint Sebastién in the city, then at Maurice Ravel school in Saint Jean de Luz across the border in France. She is fluent in Spanish, English and French.


title: Lorena Bernal

text: She has worked as a model since the age of 7 and began drama classes at the age of 13. She was Miss Spain 1999 at the age of 17 and could not represent the country in Miss Universe due to her age, so instead she competed in Miss World where she was one of the 10 finalists.


title: Lorena Bernal

text: Since then she has worked as a model, TV host and especially as an actress in Spain and in the US where she appeared in the American television show "Chuck" as an international arms dealer and "" in the role of Mía, a nanny, in the episode "My Nanny."


title: Lorena Bernal

text: She is married to Spanish former footballer Mikel Arteta, the former captain and current manager of the Premier League football club, Arsenal.


title: Lorena Bernal

text: Their second child, Daniel, was born in 2012, and their third child, Oliver, was also born in Spain in 2015.


title: Suneil Anand

text: Suneil Anand (born 30 June 1956) is a Swiss actor and director. He is the son of actors Dev Anand and Kalpana Kartik. He runs Navketan Films.


title: Suneil Anand

text: He was born in 1956 in Zurich, Switzerland, while his parents were on their way to attend the "Karlovy Vary "Film Festival, where he was the youngest delegate.


title: Suneil Anand

text: His uncles are Chetan Anand and Vijay Anand. His cousins are Indian Film director Ketan Anand, Vivek Anand, Indian actor and film-maker Shekhar Kapoor, Neelu, and Aruna. Neelu was married to actor Navin Nischol, while Aruna is married to Parikshit Sahni, son of Balraj Sahni.


title: Suneil Anand

text: He has acted in "Anand aur Anand" (1984), "Car Thief" (1986), "Main Tere Liye" (1988), and "Master" (2001).


title: Suneil Anand

text: In 2001 his first directorial venture, a martial art film, "Master", was released. In 2014 he began work on a Hollywood Movie, "Vagator Mixer".


title: Tyr (album)

text: Tyr () (stylized as ᛏᛉᚱ) is the fifteenth studio album by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released in August 1990 by I.R.S. Records.


title: Tyr (album)

text: The album title, and several song titles, allude to Norse mythology, which led many to call "Tyr" a concept album, although bassist Neil Murray dispelled that in 2005, stating that while many of the songs may seem loosely related, very little of the album has to do with mythology and it was not intended to be a concept recording.


title: Tyr (album)

text: The album's departure from the darker lyrics of "Headless Cross" was discussed by Tony Iommi in his 2012 autobiography "Iron Man": "For our next album, "Tyr", we went back to the Woodcray Studios in February 1990, with me and Cozy producing it again. On "Headless Cross", Tony [Martin] had just come into the band and he assumed, oh, Black Sabbath, it's all about the Devil, so his lyrics were full of the Devil and Satan. It was too much in your face. We told him to be a bit more subtle about it, so for "Tyr" he did all these lyrics about Nordic gods and whatnot. It took me a while to get my head around that."


title: Tyr (album)

text: This album represents possibly the most dramatic departure from Black Sabbath's traditional sound, with only traces of it found in the occasional riff. The production has been criticised by some (who claim Cozy Powell's drums drown out most of the other instruments) and praised by others, who note that this is one of Sabbath's heaviest albums and perhaps the most prominently reliant on keyboards by the perennial fifth member, Geoff Nicholls. As a result, much of the music is a lot darker than previous Sabbath works, closely resembling the previous album "Headless Cross."


title: Tyr (album)

text: The band have stated that while they do not disown or regret the song "Feels Good to Me", it was put on the album solely to be released as a single and does not fit in musically with the rest of the record.


title: Tyr (album)

text: Geezer Butler, Ian Gillan and Brian May made guest appearances on the European leg of the Tyr tour; Butler and May appearing during the encore of the show performed on 8 September 1990 at the Hammersmith Odeon in London.


title: Tyr (album)

text: In Norse mythology, Týr is the god of single combat and heroic glory, and the son of Odin. The runes on the cover, ᛏ, ᛉ, and ᚱ are taken from the Rök runestone in Sweden. The middle rune, algiz, is transcribed as the modern letter "x" or "z", not "y".


title: Tyr (album)

text: The only track to feature on post-"Tyr" tours was "Anno Mundi", e.g. on the "Cross Purposes Live" VHS/DVD. Tony Martin re-recorded "Jerusalem" for his 1992 solo album "Back Where I Belong". The Black Sabbath line-up that recorded "Tyr" would reunite to record their eighteenth studio album, "Forbidden", in 1995. Frontman Heri Joensen of Viking metal band Týr claims to have been influenced by the album cover when designing his own band's logo.


title: Marvin Bush

text: Marvin Pierce Bush (born October 22, 1956) is an American businessman. He is the son of former U.S. president George H. W. Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush and the brother of former U.S. president George W. Bush; former Florida Governor Jeb Bush; the late Pauline Robinson Bush; Neil Bush; and Dorothy Bush Koch.


title: Marvin Bush

text: Marvin Pierce Bush was born on October 22, 1956, in Midland, Texas, and was named after his maternal grandfather, Marvin Pierce. He attended Woodberry Forest School in Virginia, graduating in 1975. He went on to obtain a B.A. degree in English from the University of Virginia, where he became a member of the Delta Phi fraternity (St. Elmo Hall). He spent most summers and holidays at the Bush family estate.


title: Marvin Bush

text: He worked as director of HCC Insurance Holdings. HCC, formerly Houston Casualty Company, is a publicly traded insurance company on the New York Stock Exchange. He appears in the 2008 award-winning documentary on Lee Atwater, "". He served on the board of directors for SECURACOM from 1993 to June 2000.


title: Marvin Bush

text: He is married to Margaret Conway ("née" Molster; born 1959). They have two adopted children: a daughter, Marshall Lloyd (born 1984), and a son, Charles Walker (born 1989).


title: Marvin Bush

text: In the 2016 presidential election, Bush endorsed Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, over either Republican candidate Donald Trump or Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. He stated that Johnson and running mate Bill Weld were both two-term governors, who are "fiscally conservative, and their essential message is 'get bureaucracy off our backs', which used to be a part of what the Republicans believed." He said that a list of controversies made Clinton untrustworthy, and cited Trump's negativity.


title: Marvin Bush

text: Bush previously endorsed his brother Jeb Bush, who lost the Republican primary. His announcement was consistent with his family's general opposition to Trump. In the Republican primaries, however, another Bush brother, Neil Bush, joined the Ted Cruz election campaign on the finance team.


title: 80 (number)

text: The Pareto principle (also known as the 80-20 rule) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.


title: Moondragon

text: Moondragon (Heather Douglas) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A powerful telepath, master martial artist, minor telekinetic and highly skilled geneticist, Moondragon's most notable characteristics are her shaved head and achieving excellence in virtually every area of human accomplishment.


title: Moondragon

text: Unlike most Marvel characters, who have gained their paranormal abilities through birth or accident, Moondragon has achieved her extraordinary talents strictly through extreme degrees of personal regimen.


title: Moondragon

text: Madame MacEvil first appeared in "Iron Man" #54 (January 1973). The issue was scripted by Bill Everett (creator of the Sub-Mariner) and Mike Friedrich and drawn by Everett and George Tuska.


title: Moondragon

text: Heather Douglas was born in Los Angeles, California, daughter of Arthur and Yvette Steckley Douglas. When Heather was still a girl, her father was driving her and her mother through the desert when they accidentally happened to see the spaceship of Thanos land; the space villain did not want any witnesses, so he destroyed their car. Heather was thrown clear and survived, but her parents were killed. (She would later discover that her father's soul was bound into a new body, becoming Drax the Destroyer.) She was found by Thanos' father, Mentor, who took her to his home world, Titan, to be raised by the monks of Shao-Lom.


title: Moondragon

text: From the monks, Heather develops her body to its full potential, becoming a formidable martial artist. They teach Heather various scientific disciplines such as chemistry and genetic engineering; but most significantly, they help Heather tap into her latent psionic powers, present within all humans. Heather is able to develop her mental powers far beyond even those of her teachers, so much so that she eventually mentally contacts a powerful entity called the Dragon of the Moon. The Dragon immediately tries to corrupt and take her over, but she fights back, driving the Dragon away. This fills her with pride and an overwhelming sense of superiority. To commemorate her victory, she takes the name Moondragon. Unknown to Heather, the Dragon subtly continues to influence her on a subconscious level.


title: Moondragon

text: Heather's choice of the name Moondragon causes an uproar amongst the monks of Shao-Lom, so much so that Mentor has to confront her on the matter. After the confrontation, Moondragon is approached by Runner, one of the Elders of the Universe. Runner takes Moondragon on a tour of the universe, showing her its fantastic sights and wonders. Runner eventually takes Moondragon to the surface of a sun. He informs her that the sun would go nova in several years. Moondragon points out to Runner that the sun harbored an inhabited planet and that they should warn the inhabitants. Runner regretfully responds that, when he chose the path of freedom, he lost the option to interfere with others' destinies. Moondragon argues, "What good is freedom?" when it only leads to death. When Runner fails to answer her satisfactorily, she requests to be brought back home.


title: Moondragon

text: Sometime later, Thanos attacks Titan, destroying the monastery and the Shao-Lom monks. Moondragon escapes in her spaceship and flees to Earth.


title: Moondragon

text: She first returns to Earth under the guise of "Madame MacEvil" to develop a means to combat Thanos. This leads to the creation of villains like Angar the Screamer, Ramrod, and the Dark Messiah. In her first appearance, she forces Iron Man to battle Namor in order to study them. She then reveals her true identity and helps the Avengers in their first confrontation with Thanos.


title: Moondragon

text: She battles Daredevil but is nearly killed by her ex-ally Kerwin J. Broderick. She restores Daredevil's sight briefly with her alien pressure point skills and then first meets Captain Mar-Vell. She aids them against Angar, the Dark Messiah, and Terrex. She falls in love with Daredevil but then returns to outer space. She aids Captain Mar-Vell, Drax, and the Avengers against Thanos.


title: Moondragon

text: Moondragon is one of the three candidates to be the "Celestial Madonna", who was prophesied to give birth to a universal savior, but she loses to Mantis. She then becomes an adventurer and joins the Avengers. Although her time with the team is short ending in Avengers #151 when she meets the heroine Hellcat and takes her to Titan to train her. The following year Moondragon returns to help the Avengers in their final (until the 1990s) battle with Thanos.


title: Moondragon

text: Moondragon is present when the Avengers confront Korvac; her powers allow her to see into his mind while they fight, and she decides that his goal of saving the universe by ruling it is noble. She stays out of the battle until Korvac, dejected, commits suicide.


title: Moondragon

text: Moondragon leaves Earth with Drax and finds a planet immersed in war, so she decides to take mental control of all its inhabitants to force them to live in peace, setting herself up as their "peace goddess". Drax summons the Avengers to intervene and in the resultant confrontation, Moondragon is forced to kill her father with her mental powers. Afterwards, Thor takes her before a real god—his father, Odin, to be judged. Odin perceives within Moondragon a stalwart but tainted spirit. He condemns her to wear a magical headband that reduces her mental powers until she has overcome her arrogance and learned humility. He also assigns Valkyrie to be her guardian.


title: Moondragon

text: When Valkyrie rejoins the Defenders, Moondragon is forced to come along. At first, she sends out low level telepathic signals, luring threats to the vicinity of the Defenders' headquarters, hoping that one of these threats would remove her headband or force the Defenders to remove the headband so she may use her powers to aid them unhindered.


title: Moondragon

text: Despite the fact that Moondragon resents being with the Defenders, she wants to be accepted by them as a good person. In an encounter with Asgardian trolls, Moondragon resists the temptation of letting the trolls and the Dragon of the Moon remove her headband, thus proving herself to Odin, who promptly lets the headband fall off.


title: Moondragon

text: This personal victory is short-lived, for soon afterwards the Defenders have to fight the spawns of the mutated spores they fought months before. The spawns soon coalesce into a single gargantuan monster, which Moondragon vanquishes with the help of the Gargoyle. Unknown to Moondragon, in doing so, she is infected with the mutated spores. She does not find out about the infection until weeks later, when the spores have supplanted a good portion of her own internal organs. The Dragon of the Moon appears again and tells her it can save her life, but only if she agrees to be its host. Moondragon initially turns down its offer, knowing that it will use her to kill the Defenders. The Dragon then mocks Moondragon's sentimentality by showing her what the other Defenders are saying about her behind her back even though she has reformed. Finally overwhelmed with pain, she accepts. Now totally corrupted, Moondragon battles the Defenders until Andromeda, Interloper, Manslaughter, and Valkyrie sacrifice themselves to kill both her and the Dragon.


title: Moondragon

text: Heather's soul manages to survive, and, now free from the Dragon again, contacts her cousin Pamela; through her, she is able to obtain a new body for herself, a clone created on Titan. For a while, she and her cousin, who becomes the heroine Sundragon, adventure together in space.


title: Moondragon

text: After Quasar is appointed Protector of the Universe, Moondragon insinuates herself into his life. Using the pseudonym H.D. Steckley she becomes an engineer and saleswoman for Vaughn Security Systems. She is convinced that in time Quasar will realize they are eminently qualified to form the universe's most cosmic coupling. Quasar, however, asserts that qualifications have nothing to do with feelings and rebuffs her. She persists for a time, but eventually gets the message and loses interest.


title: Moondragon

text: When Adam Warlock seeks people to help him safeguard the Infinity Gems, he chooses Moondragon to keep the Mind Gem—but only after erecting safeguards so Moondragon cannot exploit the gem's full power. Still, she agrees to join his team, the Infinity Watch. She eventually loses the gem when it is stolen by Rune.


title: Moondragon

text: Moondragon later becomes an associate of Genis-Vell (the third Captain Marvel), determined to help him control his cosmic awareness. During this time, she falls in love with Marlo Chandler, the wife of Rick Jones (whom Captain Marvel was bonded to). The two elope on a lesbian relationship to the reluctant understanding of Rick, with whom Marlo is having marital problems anyway. Sometime later, Marlo gets over her feelings for Moondragon and decides to return to Rick. Moondragon tells her she must have accidentally prodded her telepathically into the relationship, but this is a lie to make the break-up easier. In truth, Moondragon is heartbroken; she leaves shortly after with Phyla-Vell.


title: Moondragon

text: In the "Annihilation" miniseries, Moondragon and Phyla-Vell return, visiting the graves of Mar-Vell and Genis-Vell. At this time, Thanos appears and kidnaps Moondragon, using her as a hostage to draw out Drax the Destroyer for an unknown purpose. Also, when she is infected with the Annihilation Wave parasites, she is forced to reveal Annihilus' plan to destroy all life in the universe, which he would then rule. Thanos causes her to regurgitate the parasites, having no interest in Annihilus' plan. However, Thanos' plan for revenge is cut short as Drax rushes off to save his daughter, which he does by ripping Thanos' heart out, just before the villain was about to save the universe from Annihilus. However, Drax and Moondragon then manage to free the Silver Surfer, who in turn helps free Galactus, destroying Annihlus' plans. Galactus then teleports away Drax and Moondragon. Moondragon "loses track" of Drax and is reunited with Phyla-Vell.