title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa made a disappointing start to 2010, finishing fourth in the Edinburgh Cross Country in a race he was favored to win – a trio of Kenyan athletes ran him out of the contest over the final lap. He spent the entirety of the indoor and outdoor seasons out with a ruptured calf muscle.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa Bekele finally returned to training after a knee injury in March 2011. Having not raced on the track since 2009, Kenenisa returned for the World Championships. He dropped out of the 10,000m with 10 laps remaining. Kenenisa decided not to run the 5000 m and returned to the Diamond League at the Ivo Van Damme Memorial in Brussels where he set the fastest time in the world for the 10,000 metres in 2011.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa's 2012 season did not start well, as he was a lowly eleventh place at the Edinburgh Cross Country. In April, he appeared to have returned to form by winning the Great Ireland Run in a new personal best time for a 10 km road race of 27:49, improving the course record by 46 seconds.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: In the 2012 London Olympics 10,000m race he ran within the leading group for the whole race, but could not keep up with the Mo Farah's sprint in the last 150 metres and eventually finished fourth, with a time of 27:32.44, just 1.01 second outside the bronze medalist, his brother Tariku.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa then won the Great North Run half marathon in a time of 60:09, beating Mo Farah by just one second after making a move that Farah couldn't match with just less than 12 miles gone.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa Bekele started his marathon career in the 2014 Paris Marathon on 6 April 2014. His marathon debut was very successful as he bettered both the Paris course record and the debut marathon times of past legends Haile Gebrselassie, Paul Tergat and Samuel Wanjiru by running 2:05:04 to win.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: On 23 January 2015, Kenenisa Bekele took on the Dubai Marathon, where he had to retire from the race after 30 km.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: On 24 April, he placed third at the 2016 London Marathon with a time of two hours six minutes and 38 seconds. In September he won the 2016 Berlin Marathon in a time of 2:03:03 which set a new personal best time for him at the Marathon distance and the second fastest marathon of all time.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: On 19 January 2017, attempting to break the world record, Kenenisa dropped out of the Dubai Marathon after the half way mark due to a fall at the beginning of the race.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa won the 2019 Berlin Marathon in September in 2:01:41, the second fastest time ever and just two seconds off of the world record set by Eliud Kipchoge on the same course the previous year. After the run he stated that he still believes that he can break the world record.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa won the London half marathon on 1 March 2020 in 60:22. He improved on the course record set by Mo Farah in 2019 by 1:18. Chris Thompson came in second with 61:07, also within the former course record.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: Kenenisa Bekele returned to the Berlin Marathon in September, where he placed third in 2:06:47. The race was won by his compatriot Guye Adola in 2:05:45, while Kenya's Bethwel Yegon finished second. In November, he finished six at the 2021 New York City Marathon with a time of 2:12:52.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: In September, he placed third at the Great North Run half marathon in a time of 1:01:01. The next month, Kenenisa competed in the 2022 London Marathon, finishing fifth in 2:05:53 to set a masters world record in age 40 group.


title: Kenenisa Bekele

text: On 18 November 2007, Kenenisa married Ethiopian film actress Danawit Gebregziabher in Addis Ababa. Kenenisa has one younger brother, Tariku Bekele, who is also an accomplished world-class distance runner.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Dāvis Bertāns (born 12 November 1992) is a Latvian professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed the "Latvian Laser", he also represents the Latvian national team. He was the 42nd pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Indiana Pacers.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Between 2008 and 2010, Bertāns played for BAA Riga of Latvia's second division. During this time, he also had two stints in the top division with ASK Riga at the end of the 2008–09 season, and with BK Keizarmezs Riga at the start of the 2009–10 season.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: In November 2010, Bertāns signed a multi-year deal with Slovenian club Union Olimpija. Following the 2010–11 season, Bertāns was selected by the Indiana Pacers with the 42nd overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. However, his rights were immediately traded to the San Antonio Spurs along with the rights to 15th overall pick Kawhi Leonard for George Hill.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: In January 2012, Bertāns left Olimpija and signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Serbian club Partizan Belgrade.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: In the Serbian League finals series against Crvena zvezda in June 2013, he tore the ACL in his right knee, which sidelined him for nine months.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Bertāns returned to the court on 20 March 2014, against Maccabi Tel Aviv, helping his team get a hard-fought Euroleague Top 16 win against the favoured visitors by contributing two points, two rebounds and one assist in 15 minutes of action. Eight days later, on 28 March 2014, Dāvis scored team-high 20 points in a road Euroleague Top 16 loss to Lokomotiv-Kuban. Partizan ended the season by winning its 13th and Dāvis' third consecutive Serbian League title, defeating rivals Crvena zvezda 3–1 in the finals series. On 3 July 2014, Bertāns terminated his contract with the club.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 26 March 2015, in a game against Emporio Armani Milano, Bertāns tore the ACL in his right knee, the same injury that sidelined him in 2013. He was subsequently ruled out for six to eight months. Over 22 Euroleague games, he averaged 11.0 points and 2.9 rebounds per game, while also averaging 11.4 points in 25 games of the Spanish League. In Laboral Kutxa Baskonia's very next game following Bertāns's injury, a Spanish League contest versus Valencia BC, each Baskonia player wore Bertāns's number 42 in a show of support for their sidelined teammate.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 14 July 2016, Bertāns signed with the San Antonio Spurs. He made his debut for the Spurs in their season-opener on 25 October 2016, scoring five points in four minutes off the bench in a 129–100 win over the Golden State Warriors. On 25 November 2016, he set a career high in scoring, pitching in 15 of the Spurs' 56 bench points to help San Antonio defeat the Boston Celtics 109–103. On 7 January 2017, he scored 21 points in a 102–85 win over the Charlotte Hornets. He went 4-of-5 on three-pointers in leading the Spurs in scoring for the first time in 2016–17. On 29 January 2017, against the Dallas Mavericks, Bertāns became just the fourth Spurs rookie with at least 35 three-pointers and 15 blocks in a season, joining Kawhi Leonard, Manu Ginóbili and Lloyd Daniels. On 11 March 2017, he had three three-pointers in a 107–85 win over Golden State to reach 51 three-pointers on the season. He became just the sixth Spurs rookie to hit 50 in a season. During his rookie season, he had multiple assignments with the Austin Spurs of the NBA Development League.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Early on the 2017–18 season, Bertāns was twice assigned to the Austin Spurs. On 8 January 2018, he scored a career-high 28 points on 11-of-15 shooting with six 3-pointers in a 107–100 win over the Sacramento Kings. On 13 January 2018, he scored 18 points on a career-high six 3-pointers in a 112–80 win over the Denver Nuggets.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 11 July 2018, Bertāns re-signed with the Spurs for two years and $14 million. On 27 January 2019, he scored a season-high 21 points in a 132–119 win over the Washington Wizards.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 6 July 2019, Bertāns was traded from the San Antonio Spurs to the Washington Wizards in a three-team deal that also included the Brooklyn Nets, in which the Spurs received DeMarre Carroll via sign-and-trade. In his first game in San Antonio following the trade, on 26 October 2019, Bertāns made all seven of his field goal attempts, including five three-pointers, and scored 23 points. On 22 November, he made six three-pointers and scored 20 points against the Charlotte Hornets.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 22 June 2020, three months into the NBA's hiatus, Bertāns decided to pull out of the NBA's Orlando restart; he was the first player to do so. This decision was made due to personal reasons. Bertāns was entering free agency and viewed sitting out as a preventative measure. Bertāns also had two previous ACL injuries. If the Wizards did not advance past the seeding games in Orlando, he stood to lose $520,000. The Washington Wizards fully supported Bertāns's decision and as anticipated did not ultimately qualify for the playoffs.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 17 February 2021, Bertāns scored a career-high 35 points in a 130–128 win over the Denver Nuggets. He logged a career-best nine 3-pointers becoming the third player in team history to do so.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: On 10 February 2022, Bertāns, along with Spencer Dinwiddie, was traded to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Kristaps Porziņģis.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Bertāns represented Latvia at EuroBasket 2011, averaging 5.6 points and 2 rebounds per game. He returned for EuroBasket 2017, now in a more prominent role, averaging 14 points, 3 rebounds and 2 assists per game.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Bertāns's older brother, Dairis, is also a professional basketball player; he formerly played for the New Orleans Pelicans. Their father, Dainis, was a professional basketball player and is currently a youth coach. Their mother is a sports teacher and a former high-level rower. In childhood Bertāns was raised in Latvia's northernmost town Rūjiena until his parents moved to capital city Rīga. Bertāns is fluent in the Serbian language.


title: Dāvis Bertāns

text: Due to a childhood wood-cutting accident, Bertāns is missing part of the ring finger on his right hand.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: Chinese cabbage ("Brassica rapa", subspecies "pekinensis" and "chinensis") can refer to two cultivar groups of leaf vegetables often used in Chinese cuisine: the Pekinensis Group (napa cabbage) and the Chinensis Group (bok choy).


title: Chinese cabbage

text: These vegetables are both variant cultivars or subspecies of the turnip and belong to the same genus as such Western staples as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. Both have many variations in name, spelling, and scientific classification, especially bok choy cultivars.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: The Chinese cabbage was principally grown in the Yangtze River Delta region, but the Ming dynasty naturalist Li Shizhen popularized it by bringing attention to its medicinal qualities. The variant cultivated in Zhejiang around the 14th century was brought north and the northern harvest of napa cabbage soon exceeded the southern one. These were then exported back south along the Grand Canal to Hangzhou and traded by sea as far south as Guangdong.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: Napa cabbage became a staple in Northeastern Chinese cuisine for making "suan cai", Chinese sauerkraut. In Korea, napa cabbage became "baek-kimchi". And this developed into kimchi. Chinese cabbage is now commonly found in markets throughout the world, catering both to the Chinese diaspora and to northern markets that appreciate its resistance to cold.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: In 2017, aboard the International Space Station, a crop of Chinese cabbage from a plant growth device included an allotment for crew consumption, while the rest was saved for scientific study.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: There are two distinctly different groups of "Brassica rapa" used as leaf vegetables in China, and a wide range of cultivars within these two groups. The binomial name "B. campestris" is also used.


title: Chinese cabbage

text: This group is the more common of the two, especially outside Asia; names such as napa cabbage, "dà báicài" (, "large white vegetable"); "Baguio petsay" or "petsay wombok" (Tagalog); "Chinese white cabbage"; "wong a pak" (Hokkien, Fujianese); "baechu" (), "wongbok" and "hakusai" () usually refer to members of this group. Pekinensis Group cabbages have broad green leaves with white petioles, tightly wrapped in a cylindrical formation and usually forming a compact head. As the group name indicates, this is particularly popular in northern China around Beijing (Peking).


title: Chinese cabbage

text: Chinensis Group cultivars do not form heads; instead, they have smooth, dark green leaf blades forming a cluster reminiscent of mustard or celery. These cultivars are popular in southern China and Southeast Asia. Being winter-hardy, they are increasingly grown in Northern Europe. This group was originally classified as its own species under the name "B. chinensis" by Linnaeus.


title: My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho

text: My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho (; also known as My Girlfriend Is a Nine-Tailed Fox) is a 2010 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Lee Seung-gi and Shin Min-ah. It aired on SBS from August 11 to September 30, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 for 16 episodes.


title: My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho

text: Cha Dae-woong (Lee Seung-Gi) is a normal college student, with ambitions of becoming an action star. One day, he accidentally releases a gumiho (Shin Min-ah), a legendary fox with nine tails who was sealed inside a painting by Samshin Grandmother (三神). Fleeing the scene, Dae-woong suffers a life-threatening fall and is only saved by the gumiho giving him her "fox bead" (여우 구슬). When Dae-woong awakes and meets a mysterious and very beautiful girl, he initially treats her as eccentric or mentally ill, before she discloses that she is actually a gumiho in human form. According to myth, gumihos eat men's livers, so Dae-woong is scared out of his wits, and the gumiho takes advantage of his fear by sticking by his side. He names her "Mi-ho," and keeps her happy by buying her beef and hiding her true identity. Mi-ho wants nothing more than to become human, so they strike a deal: she'll lend him her mystical fox bead so that with his increased speed and strength, he'll be able to do difficult stunts, and in exchange he'll help her become human. As time passes, they get to know each other better and Dae-woong is charmed by how Mi-ho looks at the world with childlike wonder.


title: My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho

text: Enter Park Dong-joo (No Min-woo), a half-human, half-supernatural being, whose cover identity is a working veterinarian. Dong-joo tells Mi-ho that she'll be able to turn human if she follows these instructions: She must drink Dong-joo's blood then place her fox bead inside a human's body for 100 days. Once she does this, her supernatural self will start to die, gradually. Her gumiho energy will slowly empty away while her bead will live in the human for 100 days and take in his energy. And when she reclaims her bead, she will become human. Mi-ho happily complies, and Dae-woong accepts her bead.


title: My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho

text: However, Dong-joo deliberately withheld the information that this process will result in the human's death. Mi-ho and Dae-woong thus fall in love without knowing the consequences of fulfilling her goal: in 100 days, Dae-woong will die if Mi-ho becomes fully human, but Mi-ho will die if the bead isn't returned.


title: First responder

text: A first responder is a person with specialized training who is among the first to arrive and provide assistance or incident resolution at the scene of an emergency, such as an accident, disaster, medical emergency, structure fire, crime, or terrorist attack. First responders typically include law enforcement officers (commonly known as police officers), paramedics, emergency medical technicians, and firefighters. In some jurisdictions, emergency department personnel, such as doctors and nurses, are also required to respond to disasters and critical situations, designating them first responders; in other jurisdictions, military and security forces may also be authorized to act as first responders.


title: First responder

text: A certified first responder is an individual who has received certification to provide pre-hospital care in a certain jurisdiction, such as the Certified First Responder in France. A community first responder is a person dispatched to attend medical emergencies until an ambulance arrives. A wilderness first responder is trained to provide pre-hospital care in remote settings who has skills relevant to ad hoc patient care and transport by non-motorized means.


title: First responder

text: The use of the term "first responder" in the current sense first emerged in the United States in the 1970s. Perhaps the earliest uses in print occurred in two articles in "The Boston Globe" in August 1973, about proposed ambulance regulations in Massachusetts.


title: First responder

text: There were some earlier uses of "first response", though not "first responder", in this sense. They included an article in the "Grand Junction Daily Sentinel" in March 1972, and another about the formation of a "First Response Group" composed of volunteers in "The Burlington" "Free Press" in April 1973.


title: First responder

text: A few months after its use in the "Globe", the term "first-responders" appeared in a "Boston Herald" article about a master plan for emergency care from the Health Planning Council of Greater Boston. One of the recommendations in the plan, reported the "Herald", was that "All ambulance personnel and first-responders (who are general police and firemen) should be adequately trained in emergency care such as cardopulmonary ["sic"] resuscitation."


title: First responder

text: "First-responder" was also used in a July 1974 classified advertisement for a deputy chief of EMT training—"to assist in developing and implementing statewide training programs for EMT's and first-responders"—from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.


title: First responder

text: The term began appearing in newspaper articles from other parts of the United States in the second half of 1974, and was in widespread use by 1975. At some point, the dash between "first" and "responder" disappeared.


title: First responder

text: Some jurisdictions have special laws defining and establishing the rights and duties of first responders.


title: First responder

text: The term first responder is defined in U.S. Homeland Security Presidential Directive, HSPD-8 and reads:


title: First responder

text: First responders must be trained to deal with a wide array of potential medical emergencies. Due to the high level of stress and uncertainty associated with the position, first responders must maintain physical and mental health. Even with such preparation, first responders face unique risks of being the first people to aid those with unknown contagions. For example, in 2003 first responders were among the earliest cases of the previously unknown SARS virus, when they cared for patients affected with the virus.


title: First responder

text: Infectious disease has continued to be a major occupational health concern among first responders with the COVID-19 pandemic. The CDC and other agencies and organizations have issued guidance regarding workplace hazard controls for COVID-19. Specific precautions for first responders include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: The Czechoslovakia national football team (, ) was the national football team of Czechoslovakia from 1920 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: At the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the team was participating in UEFA qualifying Group 4 for the 1994 World Cup; it completed the remainder of this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RCS, , ) before it was disbanded. The present-day Czech Republic national football team is recognized as the successor of the Czechoslovakia team. The country of Slovakia is represented by the Slovak national team.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: While part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bohemia played its first international on 5 April 1903, a 2–1 loss for Hungary in Budapest. On 7 October, Hungary came to Prague for a 4–4 draw. The two countries played three more matches up to 1908 – including Bohemia's only victory – and Bohemia played its last match on 13 June 1908, losing 4–0 at home to England.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: After World War I, an independent Czechoslovakia entered its football team for the 1920 Olympic event in Antwerp, opening with a 7–0 win over Yugoslavia on 28 August. They then beat Norway 4–0 the next day in the quarter-finals and France 4–1 in the semi-finals on the 31st. However, in the final against Belgium on 2 September, the Czechoslovaks left the field 2–0 down after 40 minutes in protest with the English referee John Lewis, and were not given a medal.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: Czechoslovakia returned for the 1924 Olympics in Paris and defeated Turkey 5–2 in the first round, but were eliminated in the second 1–0 against Switzerland in a replay after a 1–1 draw.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: The nation entered the World Cup for the first time in 1934, and won its qualifier against Poland after its neighbour withdrew following a 2–1 Czechoslovak win in the first leg. At the finals in Italy, Czechoslovakia advanced past Romania, Switzerland and Germany to reach the final, where it lost 2–1 to the host country after extra time. Oldřich Nejedlý won the Golden Shoe with five goals in the tournament.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: Czechoslovakia qualified for the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France with a 7–1 aggregate victory over Bulgaria, and reached the quarter-finals with a 3–0 win over the Netherlands in Le Havre. In the quarter-final against Brazil, known as the Battle of Bordeaux for its rough play, Czechoslovakia lost the replay 2–1.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: In 1939, under the German occupation name of "Bohemia", the team played three matches, defeating Yugoslavia 7–3 and drawing with both Ostmark (occupied Austria) and Germany itself.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: After an absence from the 1950 qualification campaign, Czechoslovakia qualified for 1954 by topping its qualifying group unbeaten against Bulgaria and Romania with three wins and a draw. However, in the finals in Switzerland, it was eliminated from a strong group after defeats to Uruguay and Austria.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: It also topped its qualifying group for the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden, ahead of Wales and East Germany. They opened their finals campaign on 8 June with a 1–0 defeat to Northern Ireland in Halmstad, followed by a 2–2 draw with reigning champions West Germany and a 6–1 win over Argentina. On 17 June, Czechoslovakia lost a play-off to advance into the knockout stages 2–1 to Northern Ireland in Malmö.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: On 5 April 1959, Czechoslovakia played the first ever qualifying match in a UEFA European Championship, losing 2–0 away to the Republic of Ireland but eventually advancing 4–2 on aggregate. Subsequent victories over Denmark (7–3 aggregate) and Romania (5–0 aggregate) put the country into the four-team finals in France. It lost 3–0 to the Soviet Union in the semi-final but gained third place with a 2–0 win over the hosts at the Stade Velodrome in Marseille.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: Czechoslovakia qualified for the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile by defeating Scotland 4–2 after extra time in a play-off in Brussels, Belgium, after finishing level in their qualifying group. In the group at the finals, Czechoslovakia opened with a 1–0 win over Spain from a Jozef Štibrányi goal, and then drew 0–0 with holders Brazil. In the last group game on 7 June, Václav Mašek put Czechoslovakia ahead against Mexico in 12 seconds; the team lost 3–1 but advanced nonetheless.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: After goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf's performance, a goal from Adolf Scherer in Rancagua was enough to beat Hungary in the quarter-final, and two more late goals by him against Yugoslavia put Czechoslovakia into their second World Cup final. In the final at the Estadio Nacional de Chile in Santiago, Josef Masopust put Czechoslovakia ahead after 15 minutes by finishing Scherer's pass, but Brazil soon equalised and exploited Schrojf's errors to win 3–1. Masopust's inspiration was awarded with the 1962 Ballon d'Or.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: Czechoslovakia did not go to the 1966 FIFA World Cup, with Portugal topping their qualifying group, nor did they qualify for the European Championships of 1964 and 1968. On 3 December 1969 they defeated Hungary 4–1 in Marseille in a play-off to reach the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, having finished joint top of their qualifying group. Czechoslovakia lost all three of their matches in the 1970 World Cup, in a group featuring holders England and eventual winners Brazil.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: After missing out on the 1972 European Championship and the 1974 World Cup, Czechoslovakia reached the 1976 European Championship in Yugoslavia, topping a group featuring England, Portugal and Cyprus and then defeating the Soviet Union 4–2 in a play-off. In the semi-final in Zagreb, they advanced after beating the Netherlands 3–1 after extra time. In the final on 20 June at Crvena Zvezda Stadium in Belgrade, Czechoslovakia led 2–0 before the game went to penalties at a 2–2 draw. Antonin Panenka scored the winning penalty with a chip, subsequently referred to by his name when executed by other players.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

text: Czechoslovakia did not qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup, as Scotland won their group. The country did qualify for Euro 1980, and by coming second in its group behind West Germany faced the hosts Italy in a third-place play-off, which it won on sudden-death penalties at the Stadio San Paolo in Naples. At the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, Czechoslovakia was eliminated in the group stage after draws with Kuwait and France and losing 2–0 to England. The country's last major tournament was the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, where in the group it opened with a 5–1 win over the United States before defeating Austria with a Michal Bilek penalty, enough to advance despite losing 2–0 to the hosts at the Stadio Olimpico. In the last 16 at the Stadio San Nicola in Bari, a hat-trick from Tomáš Skuhravý featured in a 4–1 in over Costa Rica. Czechoslovakia was eliminated on 1 July in a quarter-final at the San Siro, losing 1–0 from a Lothar Matthäus penalty against eventual winners West Germany. Later that month, manager Dr Jozef Venglos who had led Czechoslovakia in the tournament was appointed as the first foreign manager in English football, at Aston Villa.


"Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" is a hit song by C+C Music Factory. It was released in late 1990 as the debut and lead single from their first album, "Gonna Make You Sweat" (1990). The song is sung by singer Martha Wash and rapper Freedom Williams. It charted internationally and achieved great success in the United States, Austria, Germany, and Sweden, where it reached number one on the charts.


title: Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)

text: Robert Clivillés wrote and produced an instrumental track that was to become "Gonna Make You Sweat". He offered the track to vocal trio Trilogy, but when they declined to record it, Clivillés decided to use the track for his and David Cole's C+C Music Factory. The rap verse was performed by Freedom Williams and the female vocals by Martha Wash.


text: The music video showed Zelma Davis lip-syncing to the actual Wash's vocal parts. After discovering that the group was using model-turned-singer Zelma Davis in the music video, Wash unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate with the producers of the C+C Music Factory for sleeve credits and royalties. Additionally, the song used an edited compilation of vocal parts that Wash recorded in June 1990 for an unrelated demonstration tape. On December 11, 1991, Wash filed a lawsuit in the Los Angeles Superior Court against C+C Music Factory's Robert Clivilles and David Cole, charging the producers and their record company, Sony Music Entertainment, with fraud, deceptive packaging, and commercial appropriation. The case was eventually settled in 1994, and as a result of the settlement, Sony made an unprecedented request to MTV to add a disclaimer that credited Wash for vocals and Zelma Davis (who lip-synced Wash's vocals in the official music video) for "visualization" to the "Gonna Make You Sweat" music video.


text: Having previously worked with David Cole doing some demos in the past, Martha Wash recorded her vocals for "Gonna Make You Sweat" as a demo song. She was told that it was for another artist. Only Robert Clivillés was present in the studio during recording. Wash had to phone Cole for instructions on how to sing, before recording her vocals. She told in 2017:


text: When it was first released, "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" enjoyed widespread commercial success. Topping charts in several countries, the song dominated the airwaves while its accompanying music video received constant rotation on MTV.


text: Music critics praised "Gonna Make You Sweat" for Freedom Williams' Ice-T-like rap delivery in conjunction with Martha Wash's powerful, exuberant, post-disco vocals and deemed the song as a bona fide classic. Bill Lamb from About.com said that the vocal performances "along with state-of-the-art house rhythms" made up "one of the most exhilarating songs of the year." AllMusic editor Jose F. Promis described it as "unstoppable" and noted that it "incorporated dance, house, and hip hop beats, wailing diva vocals, and rap to come up with one of the year's most exciting hits." Larry Flick from "Billboard" wrote that "new act featuring hot producers Robert Clivilles and David Cole serves up a potential multiformat smash with this slammin', guitar-driven hip-hopper, fueled by a stellar appearance from former Weather Girl Martha Wash." He also described it as "a virtually flawless stew of hip-hop bass and percussion, deft rhyming courtesy of newcomer Freedom Williams, and ripping vocals by supreme diva Martha Wash".


text: Penelope Layland from "The Canberra Times" stated that the song "is highly percussive, with an urgent beat contrasting well with the lazy vocal delivery." Marisa Fox from "Entertainment Weekly" said it "sounds like a composite of 1990's most memorable pop/dance tunes — a screeching bass line (reminiscent of Snap's "The Power Jam"), wailing lead vocals sung by former Weather Girl Martha Wash, and up-tempo beats that reek of Technotronic." Dave Sholin from the "Gavin Report" noted that it is "difficult to package any more excitement into this release which exemplifies what fresh music is all about." A. Scott Galloway from "The Network Forty" commented that the song is "an electrifying debut from Robert Clivilles & David Cole, the production team that brought you Seduction. With singer Freedom Williams up front demanding "Everybody Dance Now," the song is simply the best party starter to come along in months. It doesn't hurt that it's right in line sound-wise with past chart top hits like Black Box's "Everybody Everybody" and Snap's "The Power", either." A reviewer from "People Magazine" stated that the track "deserves its Top 10 status, along with hit-to-be "Things That Make You Go Hmmm..." blending rap, rock and dance riffs."


text: However, over the years, the song came to be used and/or referenced innumerable times by the entertainment industry, to the point that it became something of a musical, pop culture cliché. By 2007, the song was criticized by AllMusic as "the lazy Hollywood 'go-to' song for supposed laugh-filled, irony-fueled dance numbers."


text: The song held the top spot on the US "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Play chart for five weeks in December 1990, and topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 for two weeks in 1991 (February 9 and February 16.) It also topped the Canadian "RPM" Dance/Urban chart. In Europe, it peaked at number-one in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The single made it to the top 10 also in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece (#2), Iceland, Norway, Spain (#2), Sweden and the United Kingdom, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it hit number two. In the UK, "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" peaked at number three in its sixth week at the UK Singles Chart, on January 13, 1991, a full month before its American pop success. It even found success in the urban contemporary music world as it crossed over to the R&B charts where it reached number-one for a week. Additionally, it was a top 20 hit in Ireland, a top 30 hit in Italy and a top 50 hit in France. In Oceania, the single peaked at number two and three in New Zealand and Australia. It earned a platinum record in the US, after 1 million singles were sold there.


text: The accompanying music video for "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" was directed by German director Marcus Nispel and featured dancers performing in front of a white back drop. Zelma Davis lip-syncs to the recorded vocals of Martha Wash, who doesn't appear in the video. A short clip of Double Dutch is shown near the end. The video received heavy rotation on MTV Europe and was later published by Vevo on YouTube in October 2009.


text: VH1 placed "Gonna Make You Sweat" at number nine on its list of "100 Greatest Dance Songs" in 2000 and at number 36 on its list of "100 Greatest Songs of the 90s" in 2007.


text: The song has been played in many films, including "The Super", "Sister Act", "Man of the House" (1995), "Man of the House" (2005), "Space Jam", "Something's Gotta Give", "Old School", "Robots", "Jarhead", "Chicken Little", "A Fairly Odd Summer", "Evan Almighty", "Detention" and "Pain and Gain". It has also played in films' trailers, including "Superstar", "The Adventures of Pluto Nash", "Flushed Away", "" and "Borat Subsequent Moviefilm". The song is also sung by King Julien in the 2012 film "".


text: It was used in the TV episode "Alpha" of "The Flash" (1990-1991); the episodes "The Big Four-Oh" and "Banks Shot" of "The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air"; "Meet By-Product" in "King of Queens"; in an episode of "So You Think You Can Dance"; in a 2010 episode and the 2011 season premiere of "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"; in an episode of "The Office", "Cafe Disco", in which both Andy and Kelly had a dance-off; in an episode of "American Dad!", "When a Stan Loves a Woman"; in the "30 Rock" episode "Retreat to Move Forward"; and it is played twice during a 1997 episode of "The Simpsons", "Homer's Phobia", as well as used in "Love Is a Many Strangled Thing". Its lyrics are interpolated as "Everybody read now" in the "Cutting the Cord" episode of TV series "The Middle", when Brick dances as a bookmark. The song appears in season 3, episode 1 of "Sex Education". It also heard on Nickelodeon's "The Amanda Show".


text: The track opens the fourth episode of "", where through a flashback scene O. J. Simpson's former party lifestyle (alongside Robert Kardashian) is contrasted with his current cell conditions.


text: It appears in 2016 and 2022 TV commercials for Applebee's, as well as a 2015 commercial for Target, and a 2017 commercial for Fabletics, and a 2022 we for DampRid. The song was slightly rewritten for a 1999 commercial for Pringles.


text: The song and video were parodied in the 1994 hip-hop mockumentary "Fear of a Black Hat" as "Come and Pet the P.U.S.S.Y." — a solo single for rapper Ice Cold (Rusty Cundieff) — as well as being included on the film's soundtrack album.


text: According to the 2017 "Ken's New Intern" episode of "Dr. Ken", the character Damona Watkins sang the vocal "Everybody Dance Now".


text: The Sweat Invaders covered the song for "Just Dance 3", and it can be played in the game, as well as in "Just Dance Wii 2" in Japan.


text: Ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir performed to the song in the Figure Skating Exhibition Gala at the 2010 Winter Olympics after winning the gold medal.


title: MasterChef Canada (season 7)

text: The seventh season of MasterChef Canada, titled MasterChef Canada: Back to Win, premiered on February 14, 2021 on CTV and concluded on May 16, 2021. Filmed in June 2020, this is an all-star season, featuring returning contestants from previous seasons.


title: MasterChef Canada (season 7)

text: Chinese-Canadian dessert bar and bakery owner Christopher Siu from Season 2 was crowned the winner, with Andrew "Andy" Hay and Dorothea "Thea" VanHerwaarden finishing as co-runner-ups. Siu became the first previously eliminated contestant to win the competition. Hay and VanHerwaarden were previously runner-ups in Season 5 and Season 4, respectively. This marks the first time that three contestants competed in the finale, and a contestant who was eliminated has ever won the competition.


title: MasterChef Canada (season 7)

text: After April Lee was forced to withdraw due to an injury in episode 3, Barrie was brought back to the competition.This contestant was on the winning team but was selected to compete in the pressure test by their team captain.


title: Myrotvorets

text: Myrotvorets or Mirotvorets ( ), is a Ukrainian Kyiv-based website that publishes a running list, and sometimes personal information, of people who are considered by authors of the website to be "enemies of Ukraine", or, as the website itself states, "whose actions have signs of crimes against the national security of Ukraine, peace, human security, and the international law". The website was launched in December 2014 by Ukrainian politician and activist Georgy Tuka. The site has remained open despite repeated requests from the UN, G7 ambassadors, the EU and human rights groups to close it down, and although it has no official status, it acts to supplement government databases at checkpoints.


title: Myrotvorets

text: The site reflects the work of NGO "Myrotvorets centre", led by a person only known with the alias "Roman Zaitsev", former employee of Luhansk Security Service of Ukraine office. The website is allegedly curated by the government law-enforcement and intelligence agency Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and was promoted by Advisor to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Anton Herashchenko. The identity of the staff is secret, and a hidden panel sifts through information, often collated from Open-source intelligence, as well as information provided by individuals on a confidential basis.


title: Myrotvorets

text: According to George Tuka, the site has led to the arrest of 1,000 people, since the site's launch, which he claimed included many collaborators and people working for the Federal Security Service that would otherwise not be in any government databases.


title: Myrotvorets

text: The slogan of the centre's website and the centre itself is a Latin saying: "Pro bono publico" (for the public good). Myrotvorets Centre began to develop the project in summer 2014, during the War in Donbas after a chance meeting between Tuka and "Roman Zaitsev". The project was launched in December 2014 as part of the work of the volunteer group known as "Narodny Tyl".


title: Myrotvorets

text: On 7 May 2016, the website published the personal data of 4,508 journalists and other media members from all over the world who had worked (or had received accreditation to work) on the war in the uncontrolled government territory of Donbas, and therefore were considered by the site to have cooperated with terrorists. There were phone numbers, email addresses, and some countries and cities of residence of Ukrainian and foreign journalists received from the hacked database of Donetsk People's Republic Ministry of State Security; journalists and support staff provided these data to be accredited by the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic. In response, the Security Service of Ukraine issued a statement that it found no violations of Ukrainian law by Myrotvorets. According to Yulia Gorbunova, senior researcher for Human Rights Watch, the implications this list has for press freedoms is serious, adding that the existence of the list puts lives in danger. The then President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko called the leak a "big mistake".


title: Myrotvorets

text: The "Myrotvorets" leader states that the centre's objective is to provide information and advice to the executive authorities, to finally bring peace and harmony in Ukraine. In its work the centre pays special attention to expressions of "separatist and terrorist activities" on the territory of Ukraine.


title: Myrotvorets

text: "Myrotvorets" is also recognised by the courts of Ukraine when making decisions, according to rights group Uspishna Varta. According to them the data of the collected on the website is used in court decisions at all stages - from the beginning of the pre-trial investigation to the conviction of the person, and in numerous rulings, judges also accept information from the "Myrotvorets" as material evidence. The use of the website applies not only to criminal cases, but also to civil legal relations and factfinding acts. As of 2019, data from the site was used in over 100 cases, according to Uspishna Varta.


title: Myrotvorets

text: Myrotvorets has often blacklisted people over Crimean related issues, which usually means they cannot cross into Ukraine due to the site's usage in border entry checks. Gerhard Schröder was added after he said the Crimean annexation "a reality that must one day be recognised". Roger Waters was added when he said Russia has more rights to Crimea than Ukraine. Silvio Berlusconi, Roy Jones Jr, and a number of Russian pop music stars were all added for visiting Crimea, which Ukraine calls an illegal border crossing.


title: Myrotvorets

text: In October 2015, Herashchenko said that a special section titled "Putin's crimes in Syria and the Middle East" dedicated to providing personal data of Russian military personnel involved in the operation in Syria will be added to Myrotvorets. Myrotvorets' actions caused extremely strong reactions from the Russian presidential administration and among Russian experts in military affairs and special operations. As stated in the website InformNapalm, an important element of the operation was to compare the numbers of Su-24 from the Russian airbase "Shagol" and the same type of aircraft, overturned in Syria. A few days after the operation began, Russian TV started to hide the numbers of military aircraft based in Syria for their video shoots. After the information was published, the Investigative Committee of Russia launched criminal proceedings against Herashchenko for "public calls to terrorism."


title: Myrotvorets

text: In February 2016, members of the centre took part in the operation of mobile groups against illegal transport of cargo through the line of armed conflict in the War in Donbas.


title: Myrotvorets

text: Myrotvorets Centre repeatedly provided information on the participation of foreign nationals in the armed conflict, on the side of pro-Russian separatists. In early March 2016, due to the materials published by the centre, law enforcement authorities in Bulgaria initiated criminal proceedings against George Bliznakov, a Bulgarian citizen. Similar materials are being considered regarding other Bulgarian citizens.


title: Myrotvorets

text: After the site published the data of various journalists, Valeriya Lutkovska, Ukrainian lawyer and Ombudswoman of Ukraine since April 2012, demanded both the website and the Centre be shut down.


title: Myrotvorets

text: On 24 May 2016, Committee to Protect Journalists wrote an open letter to then Ukrainian President Poroshenko urging him to ""condemn the unfounded and damaging allegations published on Myrotvorets, and to clarify publicly that the Ukrainian Interior Ministry is dedicated to protecting journalists and apprehending the people responsible for threatening them, in contrast to Interior Minister Avakov's previous statements"".


title: Myrotvorets

text: On 2 June 2016, G7 ambassadors to Kyiv released a joint statement expressing deep concern about disclosures of journalists' personal data on the Myrotvorets website and called on the Myrotvorets team to withdraw personal data from public access. In 2017 Myrotvorets had a criminal case opened against it by the Ukrainian National Police, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) urged Ukraine to investigate the website's operations.


title: Myrotvorets

text: Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the site started the "SeaKrime" initiative to track grain stolen from Ukraine and resold primarily through the port of Sevastopol. This initiative was able to track 200,000 tons of stolen wheat from the Russian-occupied territories over the period of March and April 2022. Based on the SeaKrime data, investigations by France Info and "Le Monde" were able to track some of the stolen grain to Syria after a ship was turned away from Egypt.


title: Myrotvorets

text: According to the head of the centre, 4.5 thousand people were in the file cabinet in October 2014; 16 December 2015 – 7.5 thousand; January 2015 – 9000; 13 April 2015 – 30 thousand. In October 2015 – 45 thousand people; by 21 March 2016 – 57,775 people; by 27 January 2017 - more than 102 thousand, on the 23rd of August 2019 - 187 thousand. The most complete database contains residents of the Crimea. In 2015, British journalist Graham Phillips was added to Myrotvorets.


title: Myrotvorets

text: In April 2015, Myrotvorets published the home addresses of Ukrainian writer Oles Buzina and former Verkhovna Rada parliamentarian Oleg Kalashnikov, just days before they were assassinated.


title: Myrotvorets

text: On 12 September 2017 Myrotvorets added Yulia Tymoshenko (former Prime Minister of Ukraine and leader of the opposition party Batkivshchyna) to its database for “the illegal crossing of Ukraine’s state border. An assault within a group of persons on border guards fulfilling their duties to protect the state border of Ukraine. Participation in preparations for the illegal crossing of Ukraine’s border by a person without Ukrainian citizenship. Manipulation of socially important information”. On 15 April 2018, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's name was added to the website.


title: Myrotvorets

text: In September 2018, Myrotvorets wrote on Facebook that their database included residents of Zakarpattia Oblast who had illegally taken out Hungarian citizenship. After two weeks of work in Zakarpattia Oblast, the database held more than 300 names of Ukrainian officials and local councillors from the oblast who had Hungarian passports. On 11 October 2018, Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó said: "It is a lie that the Ukrainian state has nothing to do with the website that is listing suspected dual Ukrainian-Hungarian nationals", and claimed that President Petro Poroshenko "gave his consent to the hate campaign in an attempt to increase his popularity".


title: Myrotvorets

text: In November 2018 Myrotvorets added former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder to its list of "Enemies of the State" after Schröder defended the 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. A spokeswoman of the German Federal Foreign Office protested against this and asked the Ukrainian government to delete the website.


title: Myrotvorets

text: The website published a list of Russian workers involved in the construction of the Kerch bridge. The bridge is a Russian project to connect the Crimean Peninsula to Russia.


title: Myrotvorets

text: Following the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Myrotvorets added the names of Viktor Orbán (Prime Minister of Hungary) and Zoran Milanović (President of Croatia) in his list of "Enemies of Ukraine". Both had expressed pro-Russian views following the start of the invasion. On 27 May 2022, Myrotvorets added the former US State Secretary Henry Kissinger after Kissinger, speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, suggested that fully antagonizing Russia threatens stability in Europe. The site accused Kissinger of spreading "Russian-fascist propaganda" and acting as an "accomplice to the crimes of Russian authorities against Ukraine and its citizens." In 2022, the site also added Oleksii Arestovych, an Adviser to the Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine to its list.


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: "Big in Japan" is the debut single of the German synth-pop band Alphaville. It was taken from their 1984 debut album "Forever Young".


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: The single was a success in many countries, including Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. It was also the group's only UK Top 75 hit, reaching No. 8 on the UK Singles chart. The song also reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play in December 1984.


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: The group had a Roland System-100M which they first used to create the bassline. The timing of the song was influenced by "The Safety Dance", changing the speed to double-time, halfway through the song. The melody was developed by all three members of the band, working in their provincial home studio.


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: Marian Gold developed most of the lyrics while going to a dentist. The theme was based on two friends who were involved in the sordid drug scene of Berlin's Zoo station. The song tells of such lovers who fantasize about being drug-free. The refrain "big in Japan" symbolises this idea of being successful in another world. Said Gold, "that line has a certain meaning. It means that if you're a complete loser, you're telling other people, 'I'm not a loser because in Japan I'm really big.' It's the lie of the loser and it fitted perfectly into the story of these junkies, which the song is about, in a very tragic way." Gold later explained "we originally weren’t sure whether we should put it on the album, because it’s a bit autobiographical in that it reflects my time in West Berlin in the late 70s, with the drug scene around the train station and the zoo, and all the underground things. It has nothing to do with Japan."


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: The phrase was inspired by the name of the real band, Big in Japan, whose album Gold had recently bought. He said "As you know, there's a considerable musical market in Japan. If you wanted to become famous, what you should do was to form a hard rock group and then release an album over there; it would definitely sell well... so the story went ..."


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: As the song reached the top of the German charts, the number one song which it displaced was "Relax" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood whose lead singer, Holly Johnson, had formerly been in the band Big in Japan – a remarkable coincidence, according to Gold. Gold later said that "we never got to speak with him but he must have wondered 'who is this German group with a song named after my band?'!"


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: Alphaville re-released the song, with new remixes, in 1992 to coincide with the release of their compilation album "First Harvest 1984–92".


title: Big in Japan (Alphaville song)

text: In 2000, Guano Apes released a cover version as their lead single for their second album "Don't Give Me Names" on 12 April 2000. The music video shows the band performing in an empty arena, followed by a fan trying to locate the band.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: In human anatomy, the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of the descending aorta (of the thorax).


title: Abdominal aorta

text: The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the diaphragm, crossing it via the aortic hiatus, technically behind the diaphragm, at the vertebral level of T12. It travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen, anterior to the vertebral column. It thus follows the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, that is, convex anteriorly. The peak of this convexity is at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3).


title: Abdominal aorta

text: It runs parallel to the inferior vena cava, which is located just to the right of the abdominal aorta, and becomes smaller in diameter as it gives off branches. This is thought to be due to the large size of its principal branches. At the 11th rib, the diameter is 122mm long and 55mm wide and this is because of the constant pressure. The abdominal aorta is clinically divided into 2 segments:


title: Abdominal aorta

text: The abdominal aorta supplies blood to much of the abdominal cavity. It begins at T12 and ends at L4 with its bifurcation into the common iliac arteries and usually has the following branches:


title: Abdominal aorta

text: Note that the bifurcation (union) of the inferior vena cava is at L5 and therefore below that of the bifurcation of the aorta.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: The abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left of the midline of the body. It is covered, anteriorly, by the lesser omentum and stomach, behind which are the branches of the celiac artery and the celiac plexus; below these, by the lienal vein (splenic vein), are the pancreas, the left renal vein, the inferior part of the duodenum, the mesentery, and the aortic plexus.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebræ and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: On the right side it is in relation above with the azygos vein, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the right crus of the diaphragm—the last separating it from the upper part of the inferior vena cava, and from the right celiac ganglion; the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: On the left side are the left crus of the diaphragm, the left celiac ganglion, the ascending part of the duodenum, and some coils of the small intestine.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: The abdominal aorta's venous counterpart, the inferior vena cava (IVC), travels parallel to it on its right side.


title: Abdominal aorta

text: The collateral circulation would be carried on by the anastomoses between the internal thoracic artery and the inferior epigastric artery; by the free communication between the superior and inferior mesenterics, if the ligature were placed between these vessels; or by the anastomosis between the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal pudendal artery, when (as is more common) the point of ligature is below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery; and possibly by the anastomoses of the lumbar arteries with the branches of the internal iliac artery.


title: Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

text: The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 () is a twin-barreled 23 mm autocannon developed in the Soviet Union, primarily for military aircraft use. It entered service in 1965, replacing the earlier Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 and Rikhter R-23.


title: Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

text: The GSh-23 works on the Gast Gun principle developed by German engineer Karl Gast of the Vorwerk company in 1916. It is a twin-barreled weapon in which the firing action of one barrel operates the mechanism of the other. It provides a much faster rate of fire for lower mechanical wear than a single-barrel weapon.


title: Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

text: Although it cannot match the sustained rate of fire of an electric Gatling gun like the M61 Vulcan, its initial rate of fire can be higher than that of a rotary cannon like the M61 due to it not needing to spin up to fire. It requires no external power source to operate, but is instead powered by the recoiling of the floating barrels, somewhat like the action of the German MG-42. The Gast principle has been little used in the West, but was used on a variety of weapons in the former Soviet Union.


title: Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

text: The cannon comes in a basic GSh-23 variant, and the more popular GSh-23L (), differing mostly in adding a muzzle brake, lowering recoil force. This cannon was standard fit on late-model MiG-21 fighters (M, SM, MF, SMT, PFM, bis), all variants of the MiG-23, the SOKO J-22 Orao, the JF-17 Thunder, the HAL Tejas and IAR 93, and the tail turrets of the Tupolev Tu-22M bomber and some late-model Tu-95MS and Tu-142M3. In that application, it had the unusual ability to fire infrared flares and chaff rounds, allowing it to function as both a weapon and a dispenser of anti-missile countermeasures. It is also mounted on late small series Mi-24VP helicopters (in the NPPU-23 movable mounting) and Polish W-3WA Sokół helicopter in fixed mounting. The cannon was also used on cargo aircraft; specifically, Russian/Soviet Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft were designed to accommodate twin GSh-23's in a tail turret. An Il-76M with just such a configuration could be seen at the 2002 Ivanovo airshow.


title: Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

text: Some second generation MiG-21 models could carry the GSh-23L in an under-fuselage gondola designated the GP-9, carrying the cannon and 200 rounds of ammunition; this was replaced by a more streamlined semi-conformal installation in later variants. There are also several gun pods available for mounting on external hardpoints: UPK-23 for air-to-air use, with one or two fixed GSh-23 guns and 200–400 rounds of ammunition, and SPPU-22 pods with traversable barrels for strafing, from 0° to −30° and carried 280 rounds of ammunition in each (they were most often carried by the Su-17/-20/-22 as well as the Su-25/-39 in pairs).


title: Ramekin

text: The term is derived from the French ', a cheese- or meat-based bowl baked in a small mould. The French term is in turn derived from early modern Dutch ', which translated to 'toast' or 'roasted minced meat', itself apparently from "ram" 'battering ram' + "-kin" 'diminutive', but it is unclear why.


title: Ramekin

text: With a normal capacity of approximately , ramekins are commonly used for preparing and serving individual portions of a variety of dishes, including crème brûlée, French onion soup, molten chocolate cake, moin moin, cheese or egg dishes, poi, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, potted shrimps, ice cream, soufflé, baked cocottes, crumbles, chakra póngal, or scallops, or used to serve side garnishes and condiments alongside an entrée.


title: Ramekin

text: Traditionally a circular bowl with sides perpendicular to the bottom and with exterior fluting, ramekins can also be found in novelty shapes like flowers, hearts, and stars.


title: Ramekin

text: Ramekins are usually designed to resist high temperatures, as they are frequently used in ovens or, in the case of crème brûlée, exposed to the flame of a cooking torch.


title: HDFC Life

text: HDFC Life Insurance Company Ltd. (d/b/a HDFC Life) is a long-term life insurance provider with its headquarters in Mumbai, offering individual and group insurance services and incorporated on 14 August 2000.


title: HDFC Life

text: The company is a joint venture between Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd (HDFC), one of India's leading housing finance institutions and Abrdn, a global investment company. As of 31 March 2020, the promoters; HDFC Ltd. and Standard Life (Mauritius Holdings) 2006 Ltd. hold a 51.69% and 34.75% stake in HDFC Life respectively. The remaining equity is held by public shareholders.


title: HDFC Life

text: HDFC Life obtained the certificate of commencement of business on 12 October 2000 and a certificate of registration from Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) to undertake the life insurance business on 23 October 2000. HDFC Life has 421 branches and is present in 980+ cities, villages, and towns in India and supported by 16,544 employees. The company has also established a liaison office in Dubai.


title: HDFC Life

text: HDFC Life distributes its products through a multi-channel network consisting of Insurance agents, Bancassurance partners (HDFC Bank, Saraswat Bank, RBL Bank), a Direct channel, Insurance Brokers, MFIs (Micro Finance Institutions), SFBs (Small Finance Banks), etc. and 39 partnerships within non-traditional ecosystems and an Online Insurance Platform and currently one of the leading financial service providers in India offering finance in varied sectors like housing, banking, life insurance and general insurance, asset management and education loans and many other products.


title: HDFC Life

text: HDFC Life's products include Protection, Pension, Savings, Investment, Health along with Children and Women plans. The company also provides an option of customizing the plans, by adding optional benefits called riders, at an additional price. The company has categorized its product portfolio covering five principal segments across the individual and group categories namely participating, non-participating protection term, non-participating protection health, other non-participating and unit-linked insurance products. The company currently has 37 retail and 11 group products, along with 6 optional rider benefits (as on 24 March 2020).


title: HDFC Life

text: The MD & CEO of the company is Vibha Padalkar. The Deputy Managing Director is Suresh Badami. The Chief Financial Officer is Niraj Shah. The Chief Investment Officer is Prasun Gajri. The group head of Distribution Strategy & Alliances is Pankaj Gupta. Vibhash Naik heads human resources, admin and learning & development.


title: HDFC Life

text: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) was constituted in 1999 as an autonomous body to regulate and develop the insurance industry. The IRDA opened up the market in August 2000 with the invitation for application for registrations. HDFC Life was established in 2000 becoming the first private sector life insurance company in India.


title: HDFC Life

text: By 2001, the company had its 100th customer, strengthened its employee force to 100, and had settled its first claim. HDFC Life launched its first TV advertising campaign 'Sar Utha Ke Jiyo' in 2005.


title: HDFC Life

text: In 2006, a study conducted by the Brand Equity – Economic Times had put HDFC Life at 29th rank in the most trusted Indian Brands amongst the Top 50 Service Brands of 2010.


title: HDFC Life

text: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) gave accreditation to HDFC Life for 149 training centres housed in its branches to cater to the mandatory training required to be given as well as for other sales training requirements in 2009.


title: HDFC Life

text: In 2012, it is the first private life insurance company to bring back pension plans under the new regulatory regime, with the launch of two pension plans – HDFC Life Pension Super Plus and HDFC Life Single Premium Pension Super, operating the pension fund business under the National Pension System and is the second largest private pension fund management company in India in terms of assets under management and subscribers in Fiscal 2017. The company turned profitable in fiscal 2012 posting annual profit of Rs 271 crore and in December 2013 it declared a maiden dividend for its shareholders and in 2014 the company's Assets Under Management (AUM) crossed Rs 50000 crore mark.


title: HDFC Life

text: In the year 2016, Standard Life Mauritius increases its stake in the HDFC Life from 26% to 35% and in Fiscal 2016 the latter establishes the first international subsidiary in the UAE, HDFC International to operate the reinsurance business which signs reinsurance treaties for two distinct lines of individual life business and enters into arrangements to offer reinsurance services for group and credit life schemes and expects the pension and reinsurance business to help them diversify its sources of revenue and profitability in future years.


title: HDFC Life

text: By 2017, it was the country's third-largest private sector life insurance company with a 16.5 percent share of total private-sector premiums for the Financial Year 2017 and fourth largest in the life insurance industry based on premium earned and had 66,372 individual agents across India, comprising 6.8 percent of total private agents in the Indian life insurance industry and entered into 125 banking tie-ups including HDFC Bank giving it access to a huge branch network.


title: HDFC Life

text: Till 2019, the insurance firm had insured 21.6 million lives in both individual and group segments, and has one of the highest margins in the business, with 24.3 percent in first half of the financial year 2019, and is regarded as one of the most consistent life insurance firms delivering efficient returns on operating Earning Value(EV) of 20 per cent for the last three consecutive financial years.


title: HDFC Life

text: HDFC Life's associated companies include HDFC Ltd, HDFC Bank, HDFC International Life and Re Company Limited, HDFC Pension, HDFC MF, HDFC Sales, HDFC Ergo, HDB Financial Services (HDBFS), HDFC Securities, HDFC RED, HDFC Ventures Trustee Company, GRUH Finance, HDFC Trustee Company, HDFC Developers, HDFC Property Ventures, HDFC Investments, Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd.


title: HDFC Life

text: 2022 - January - Acquisition of Exide Life Insurance, after approval from Competition Commission of India and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.


title: HDFC Life

text: 2020- November-Launched combi product ‘Click 2 Protect Corona Kavach’ to provide financial protection package to customers in collaboration with HDFC Ergo.


title: HDFC Life

text: September-Entered into a Corporate Agency (CA) arrangement with YES Bank Limited to offer life insurance to the bank's customers.


title: HDFC Life

text: June- Partnered firm HDFC Ergo tied up with tech firm Tropogo with the plan to offer commercial drone owners and operators third-party insurance liability cover for any property damages and physical injuries arising through flying machines.


title: HDFC Life

text: 2017-Assets under Management(AUM) crossed Rs. 100,000 crore (US$13.82 billion); completed successful IPO with planned subscription of Rs 9000 crores.


title: HDFC Life

text: 2004-Started unit linked products and funds. Entered into distribution collaboration with Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited.


title: HDFC Life

text: 2001-Receives License from Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India(IRDAI) as first Private Insurance Company.


title: HDFC Life

text: As per the report based on a study conducted by The Economic Times and Great Places to Work Institute, for some years in a row, the company was adjudged one of India's best companies to work for in India's Best Companies to Work report.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: Jamaal Malik Williams (born April 3, 1995) is an American football running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at BYU and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: Williams attended Summit High School in Fontana, California. While there, he played high school football for the Sky Hawks. A 3-star recruit, he committed to Brigham Young University (BYU) to play college football over an offer from Boise State.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: On August 30, 2012, Williams made his collegiate debut with 15 rushing yards in the win over Washington State. On September 15, against Utah, he had his first collegiate rushing touchdown. On September 28, against Hawaii, he had 155 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. On October 13, against Oregon State, he added two more rushing touchdowns. On October 27, against Georgia Tech, he had 107 rushing yards, three rushing touchdowns, and three receptions for 54 yards and a touchdown. On November 10, against Idaho, he had 104 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. Overall, he finished the 2012 season with 775 rushing yards, 12 rushing touchdowns, 27 receptions, 315 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: On August 31, 2013, in the season opener against Virginia, Williams had 144 rushing yards and 25 receiving yards. In the next game against Texas, he had 182 rushing yards in the victory. On October 25, against Boise State, he had 107 rushing yards and 24 receiving yards. On November 16, against the Idaho State Bengals, he had 131 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns. On November 30, against Nevada, he had 219 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown. Overall, in the 2013 season, he finished with 1,233 rushing yards, seven rushing touchdowns, 18 receptions, and 125 receiving yards.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: On September 6, 2014, against Texas, Williams had 89 rushing yards and twelve receiving yards in the victory. Five days later, against Houston, he had 139 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. On October 3, against Utah State, he had 102 rushing yards. He later suffered a knee injury and was sidelined for the remainder of the 2014 season. In his shortened season, he had 518 rushing yards, four rushing touchdowns, eight receptions, and 47 receiving yards.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: Williams started his final collegiate season with 163 rushing yards against Arizona. On September 24, against West Virginia, he had 169 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. On September 30, he rushed for a school-record 286 yards and five touchdowns on 29 carries during a 55–53 win over Toledo. In the next game, against Michigan State, he had 163 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns. In his final college game, he was named the MVP of the 2016 Poinsettia Bowl after rushing for 210 yards and a touchdown against Wyoming. That red-shirt senior season, he had 1,375 yards on 234 carries for 12 touchdowns, leading the independent conference in all three categories. During his career, he rushed for a school-record 3,901 yards on 726 carries with 35 touchdowns.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: Williams was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round with the 134th overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the 13th running back selected in that year's draft. He was signed to his rookie contract on June 1, 2017.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: On September 10, 2017, in his NFL debut, Williams had two rushes for nine yards in a 17–9 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. In Week 9, against the Detroit Lions, he scored his first career rushing touchdown. On December 3, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had 113 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown. Overall, he finished his rookie season with 556 rushing yards, four rushing touchdowns, 25 receptions, 262 receiving yards, and two receiving touchdowns.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: In the 2018 season, Williams recorded 464 rushing yards, three rushing touchdowns, and 27 receptions for 210 receiving yards.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: During a Week 4 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles on September 26, 2019, Williams suffered a concussion during an illegal helmet-to-helmet hit by Eagles defensive end Derek Barnett. Williams lay motionless on the turf for several minutes before medical staff wheeled him off the field on a gurney; he was immediately transported to a local hospital for evaluation, but was released from the hospital the next day. In the following week's game against the Detroit Lions, Williams rushed 14 times for 104 yards and caught four passes for 32 yards and a touchdown in the 23–22 win. In Week 8 against the Kansas City Chiefs, Williams rushed seven times for 22 yards and a touchdown and caught three passes for 14 yards and a touchdown in the 31–24 win. Overall, he recorded 460 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown to go along with 39 receptions for 253 receiving yards and five receiving touchdowns.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: Williams was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on November 3, 2020, and activated six days later. Williams finished the 2020 season with 119 carries for 505 rushing yards and four rushing touchdowns to go along with 31 receptions for 236 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: On March 19, 2021, Williams signed a two-year contract with the Detroit Lions. In the Lions' 2021 regular season opener, he had 110 scrimmage yards in the 41–33 loss to the San Francisco 49ers. On November 25, 2021, Williams carried the ball for the 585th time in his career, breaking the NFL record previously held by Phillip Lindsay for the most carries without ever fumbling. Williams finished the 2021 season with 153 carries for 601 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns to go along with 26 receptions for 157 receiving yards.


title: Jamaal Williams

text: In the Lions' first four games to start the 2022 season, Williams recorded two rushing touchdowns in three of the games.


title: Diego Columbus

text: Diego Columbus (; ; ; 1479/1480 – February 23, 1526) was a navigator and explorer under the Kings of Castile and Aragón. He served as the 2nd Admiral of the Indies, 2nd Viceroy of the Indies and 4th Governor of the Indies as a vassal to the Kings of Castile and Aragón. He was the eldest son of Christopher Columbus and his wife Filipa Moniz Perestrelo.


title: Diego Columbus

text: He was born in Portugal, either in Porto Santo in 1479/1480, or in Lisbon in 1474. He spent most of his adult life trying to regain the titles and privileges granted to his father for his explorations and then denied in 1500. He was greatly aided in this goal by his marriage to María de Toledo y Rojas, niece of the 2nd Duke of Alba, who was the cousin of King Ferdinand.


title: Diego Columbus

text: Diego was made a page at the Spanish court in 1492, the year his father embarked on his first voyage. Diego had a younger half-brother, Fernando, by Beatriz Enríquez de Arana.


title: Diego Columbus

text: Diego Columbus was taught by Christopher Columbus's second wife, Beatrice De Arana, until he transferred to the Franciscan monastery of La Rabida, at the urging of Father Juan Perez and friar Horacio Crassocius, prominent Franciscans and occasional priests to his father.


title: Diego Columbus

text: In August 1508, he was named Governor of the Indies, the post his father had held, arriving to Santo Domingo in July 1509. He established his home (the Alcázar de Colón), which still stands in Santo Domingo, in what is now the Dominican Republic. In 1511 as Viceroy of the Indies, Diego Columbus commissioned Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar to go on an expedition from Santo Domingo to the newly acquired Spanish island of Cuba.


title: Diego Columbus

text: According to Floyd, Diego "...was accompanied by a splendid entourage: his wife, Doña Maria, the first "gran dama" of the New World, the Duke of Alba's niece, with her own suite of "doncellas"; and his immediate relatives - Fernando his half-brother, his two uncles, Diego and Bartolomé, and his cousins, Andrea and Giovanni. Also on the expedition were his criados and his father's old retainers: Marcos de Aguilar, his forthright "alcalde mayor", Diego Mendez, his business manager, and Gerónimo de Agüero, his former tutor. Other loyal "Colombistas" met him at Santo Domingo - his uncle by marriage, Francisco de Garay, whom he named "alguacil mayor", and Bartolomé's "criados", Miguel Díaz, Diego Velázquez, and Juan Cerón. His coming represented the permanent establishment of the most titled and notable family in the islands, at least for many years."


title: Diego Columbus

text: In 1511, a royal council declared Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Cuba under Diego's power "by right of his father." However, Uraba and Veragua were deemed excluded, since the council regarded them as being discovered by Rodrigo de Bastidas. The council further confirmed Diego's titles of Viceroy and admiral were hereditary, though honorific. Furthermore, Diego had the right to one-tenth of the net royal income. However, factions soon formed between those loyal to Diego and Ferdinand's royal officials. Matters deteriorated to the point that Ferdinand recalled Diego in 1514. Diego then spent the next five years in Spain "futilely pressing his claims." Finally, in 1520, Diego's powers were restored by Charles.


title: Diego Columbus

text: Diego returned to Santo Domingo on 12 November 1520 in the midst of a native revolt against Spanish rule in the area of the Franciscan missions on the Cumana River, which was the site of Spanish slave raids, alongside the salt and pearl trades. Diego sent Gonzalo de Ocampo on a punitive expedition with 200 men and 6 ships. Then in 1521, Diego invested in Bartolomé de las Casas' enterprise to settle the Cumana area. That failure, blamed on Diego, meant the loss of the king's confidence. That loss, plus Diego's defiance of royal power on Cuba, forced Charles to reprimand Diego in 1523 and recall him back to Spain.


title: Diego Columbus

text: The first major slave rebellion in the Americas occurred in Santo Domingo on 26 December 1522, when enslaved Jolof laborers working on Diego's sugar plantation started a revolt. During the rebellion, many formerly enslaved insurgents managed to escape into the mountainous interior of the colony, where they established independent maroon communities amongst the surviving Taíno. However, a lot of rebels were captured, and the Admiral had them hanged.


title: Diego Columbus

text: After his death, a compromise was reached in 1536 in which his son, Luis Colón de Toledo, was named Admiral of the Indies and renounced all other rights for a perpetual annuity of 10,000 ducats, the island of Jamaica as a fief, an estate of 25 square leagues on the Isthmus of Panama, then called Veragua, and the titles of Duke of Veragua and Marquess of Jamaica.


title: Diego Columbus

text: After Columbus's death on February 23, 1526, in Spain, the rents, offices and titles in the New World went into dispute by his descendants.


title: Diego Columbus

text: He initially planned to marry Mencia de Guzman, daughter of the Duke of Medina Sidonia., but he was forced by King Fernando to marry the king's cousin María de Toledo y Rojas (c. 1490 – May 11, 1549), who secured the transportation and burial of her father-in-law, Christopher Columbus, in Santo Domingo. She was the daughter of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 1st Lord of Villoria, son of García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba, and his first wife María de Rojas, and had the following children:


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard is a trilogy of fantasy novels written by American author Rick Riordan with the subject of Norse mythology and published by Disney-Hyperion. It is based on Norse mythology and is set in the same universe as the "Camp Half-Blood Chronicles" and "The Kane Chronicles" series. The first book, "The Sword of Summer", was released on October 6, 2015. The second book, "The Hammer of Thor", was released on October 4, 2016. "The Ship of the Dead", the third book, was released on October 3, 2017.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The main protagonist, Magnus Chase, son of the Vanir god of fertility Frey, narrates the novel in first person. He is a cousin of Annabeth Chase, the main character of the "Percy Jackson and the Olympians" and "The Heroes of Olympus" series, who links the two series together.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "The Sword of Summer" is the first book in the series, released on October 6, 2015, as a hardcover, ebook, and audiobook. The novel is narrated by Magnus Chase, a homeless Bostonian orphan, who learns he is the son of a Norse god at first knowing from his uncle. On the same day, he is confronted by a fire giant named Surt, who wishes to claim a sword called "Sumarbrander" (the "Sword of Summer", or "Jack"). In the fight, Magnus is killed and carried to an ancient interpretation of the Norse afterlife by a Valkyrie named Samirah al-Abbas (Sam). With the help of Sam, a Dwarf named Blitz, and an elf named Hearth, Magnus ruins the giant's plans to free the Fenris Wolf and hasten "Ragnarök".


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The novel has been well-received since its publication, but was not a "big front-runner" among other bestselling books in 2015. It debuted at #1 on the New York Times Children's Middle Grade Hardcover Best Sellers list, and rose to #3 on Amazon's best-selling Children's Books list for 2015. It also won the Goodreads Choice Award for Middle Grade & Children's books in 2015. "The Sword of Summer" has been especially praised as an excellent continuation of author Rick Riordan's writing style, although some critics have expressed regret that the book only meets the expectations of fans, rather than surpassing them.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "The Sword of Summer" was later published in several foreign-language editions, as well as a UK edition with the same title (published by Puffin Books). Its foreign-language editions include ones in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Turkish, Dutch, German, Bulgarian, Finnish, Polish, French, Norwegian, Chinese, Czech, Russian, Romanian, Indonesian and Hebrew. While the U.S. editions have cover art by illustrator John Rocco, most foreign editions have unique art created by other artists and illustrators. In the U.S., several unique promotional editions were released by different booksellers during the initial publication; the mass-merchandiser Target, for example, released its books with an included poster of the Nine Worlds of Norse mythology.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "The Hammer of Thor" is the second book in the "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard" series and was released on October 4, 2016. In this book, Magnus receives a quest from Otis, Thor's goat and discovers that the hammer of Thor, Mjölnir, is missing. He embarks on a quest with Samirah, Hearthstone, Blitzen, and Alex Fierro, a genderfluid child of Loki to retrieve it. However, Utgard-Loki reveals that the Giant Thrym has the hammer, and tells the group to retrieve the Skofnung Sword. Regular Loki arranges a marriage between Samirah and the Giant so as to free himself with the sword. At the wedding, Alex takes Samirah's place and tries to stop Magnus's Uncle Randolph from freeing Loki. However, she fails to do so, and Loki is freed. The group is honored for retrieving Thor's hammer but dissatisfied for not stopping Loki, and are given another mission to catch Loki and stop him from bringing about "Ragnarök".


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "The Ship of the Dead" is the third book in the "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard" series and was released on October 3, 2017. Magnus and his crew must sail to the farthest borders of Jotunheim and Niflheim in pursuit of Asgard's greatest threat and prevent Loki from starting Ragnarok by beating him in a flyting with Kvasir's Mead and capturing him in a magical nutshell, thus stopping "Naglfar" from sailing. They are greeted by the gods when they arrive in Vigridr, after sailing the currents that "Naglfar", the ship of the dead, would have sailed. Magnus and Alex take Randolf's old mansion and make it "The Chase Space", a home for homeless children.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "Hotel Valhalla: Guide to the Norse Worlds" is a supplementary work for the "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard" series, consisting of background information on the gods, monsters, dwarves, and elves that are featured in the main series. It was published as a hardcover on August 16, 2016.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The introduction is written by Helgi, the hotel manager. He welcomes new residents and thanks them for their sacrifice. He then explains that the book is meant to answer any questions they may have about the experiences of their new existence, and asks that they consult the book before bothering him.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The next section, titled “What in the Worlds?” is written by Hunding the bellhop. He doesn't really want to write anything for the book, but his boss Helgi is making him do it. He explains the universe from the Norse perspective: nine worlds held in the branches of Yggdrasil the World Tree. The first of these worlds, Asgard, is home to the Aesir, and the location of Hotel Valhalla, where Odin's einherjar live. Vanaheim is the home of the Vanir, and the ream of Folkvanger, the peaceful Norse afterlife. Midgard is the Norse name for Earth, home of the humans, and is connected to Asgard by the Bifrost. Alfheim, ruled by Frey, is inhabited by light elves. There is no night in this world. Jotunheim is inhabited by the jotun, or giants. It is covered in mountains, snow, and ice. Nidavellir is home to the dwarves, and is very gloomy, chilly, and dark because it is entirely underground. Muspellheim houses the fire giants and demons, and resembles the sun. Niflheim is inhabited by the frost giants, and is cold and foggy. Finally, Helheim is the realm of Hel and the dishonorable dead. Hunding also describes the Ginnungagap, the void between the worlds, and the Norse creation story.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Hunding's description of the nine worlds is followed by sections describing some of the Norse gods and creatures, most accompanied by a supplementary short story, interview, poem, or note. The list of gods includes Odin, Thor, Loki, Frey, Freya, Skirnir, Mimir, Hel, Heimdal, Ran, Frigg, Balder, Hod, Idun, Honir, Tyr, Uller, and Njord. Hunding lists the homeworld of each one, as well as their physical description, family members, and what they are best known for. A few of the better-known gods also get a few extra facts thrown in. Snorri Sturluson manages to get interviews with a few of the gods, while others get short stories. Frey gets to have a rap battle with Jack the sword, and Frigg answers questions in a weekly advice column.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The list of mythical beings includes Surt, Ymir, Utgard-Loki, Gerd, Elves, Dwarves, Valkyries, and the Norns. Each entry includes the being's classification, homeworld, appearance, and what they are best known for. The extra material includes a threat from Surt, a poem by Gerd, a message from the Alfheim news team, diary entries, and a few short stories.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Next, Hunding (who's really getting tired of having to write the book at this point) lists the fantastic creatures of the Norse world. He addresses Nidhogg, the eagle of Yggdrasil, Ratatosk, Heidrun, Eikthrymir, Saehrimnir, Sleipnir, Jormungand, Fenris wolf, and Thor's goats, Otis and Marvin, explaining what they are, where they live, and why they are noteworthy. Ratatosk manages to fit in some insults, Sleipnir tells the story of how Loki gave birth to his dad, and Marvin includes some tasty recipes for goat meat, while Njord provides some lullabies written by Frey that are useful in keeping Jormungand asleep.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Helgi closes the book, urging the readers to consider all the possibilities that their afterlife affords them. He again strongly discourages them from asking him any questions. A pronunciation guide and glossary are also included.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "9 From the Nine Worlds" is the second supplementary work for the series, consisting of nine short stories, each told by a different character, and each taking place in a different Norse realm. It was published on October 2, 2018.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The first story, “Just Another Decapitated Head,” is set in Asgard and is told from Odin's perspective as he wanders the hallways of Hotel Valhalla, observing the inhabitants, keeping the peace, and trying to decide on a new captain to lead his Valkyries after the death of the previous one. In the middle also getting annoyed by his son, Thor who had decided to take a jog through the nine worlds and was now in the garden of Valhalla.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The second story, “This Is Why I Hate Clothes Shopping,” takes place in Midgard and is told by Amir Fadlan, son of the owner of Fadlans falafel. When a simple shopping trip to purchase new clothes for a wedding anniversary party goes wrong, Amir's friends are forced to rescue him from a shopkeeper intent on trapping him in a magical pair of pants.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Nidavellir provides the setting for the third story, “This Little Light of Mine, I'm Going to Let It Shine,” narrated by Blitzen. When Thor is threatened by an assassination attempt, the god Mimir calls on Blitzen to save his life. Blitzen succeeds in stopping Alviss, the guilty dwarf, but when a group of other dwarves mistake his actions for unprovoked assault, he is forced to run. He only escapes by falling off of a cliff and into a river.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Hearthstone the elf tells the fourth story, “Speaking of Trolls . . .” which is set in Alfheim. While talking to T. J., Hearthstone's bracelet begins to shine, indicating that his friend Inge is in danger. When he travels to Alfheim to help her, he finds that she is with another family and has to save her by defeating a troll.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The fifth story, “My Eighth-Grade Physics Actually Comes in Handy,” takes place in Jotunheim, and is written from the perspective of Samirah al-Abbas. Odin, attempting to keep Ragnarok from being triggered, sends her to Jotunheim to inspect an egg. If this egg were to hatch, Ragnarok would start. Samirah manages to use Thor to distract Eggther who guards the egg, giving her enough time to determine that the egg was not hatching, and to take a picture of it for Odin.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The sixth story, “Nice Doggy,” takes place in Helheim and is told by Thomas “T. J.” Jefferson Jr. T.J.’s consciousness ends up traveling to Helheim in the form of a vision, where he encounters Hel, the realm's ruler. She charges him with the task of finding her hound Garm, telling him that if he succeeds, he may save the soul of his dead mother. Fortunately, with the help of Balder, he is able to find and subdue Garm.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Mallory Keen tells the seventh story, “So's Your Face!” which is set in Niflheim. When Mallory finds herself trapped in Niflheim, she discovers that the only way out is through Yggdrasil's root, which Nidhogg chews on. By teaching the dragon some insults, she is able to gain a lift through the tree and climb back to Hotel Valhalla.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: The eighth story, “Well, That Was a Surprise,” is told by Halfborn Gunderson and takes place in Vanaheim. Halfborn is making a gift for Mallory, but he needs dragon scales to finish it. To procure them, he travels to Vanaheim, where he finds three peaceful dragons. He kills them, reassuring the realm's concerned inhabitants that they will respawn, before returning with the scales.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: Alex Fierro tells the final story, “I Play with Fire,” which takes place in Muspellheim. Hearing word that Surt is attempting to recruit people to join his movement against the gods of Asgard, Alex travels to Muspellheim to stop him. They are able to keep the defectors from joining him by whispering suspicions about Surt by turning into insects, and is finally joined by the rest of the gang to defeat Surt.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: All nine stories are connected together by Thor, who decided to take a jog with his fitness tracker through the nine worlds. Each perspective character encounters him in one way or another way, sometimes saving him, while other times cleaning up his messes. The book ends with him lamenting the fact that he forgot to turn on his fitness tracker at the start before starting his run.


title: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard

text: "Publishers Weekly" review of "The Sword of Summer" stated that, "ten years after "The Lightning Thief"... "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard"'s sensibility is right in line with the Percy Jackson novels, and the audience will be just as large."


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: Carcassonne () is a tile-based German-style board game for two to five players, designed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and published in 2000 by Hans im Glück in German and by Rio Grande Games (until 2012) and Z-Man Games (currently) in English. It received the Spiel des Jahres and the Deutscher Spiele Preis awards in 2001.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: It is named after the medieval fortified town of Carcassonne in southern France, famed for its city walls. The game has spawned many expansions and spin-offs, and several PC, console and mobile versions. A new edition, with updated artwork on the tiles and the box, was released in 2014.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: The game board is a medieval landscape built by the players as the game progresses. The game starts with a single specific terrain tile face up and 71 others shuffled face down for the players to draw from. Each player's turn consists of three distinct phases:


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: To start each turn, a player draws a new terrain tile and places it adjacent to tiles that are already face up. The new tile must be placed in a way that extends terrain features on the tiles it touches: roads must connect to roads, fields to fields, and cities to cities. Connections are made across adjacent edges only; corners do not connect. A "cloister" tile may be placed adjacent to another "cloister" tile, as there are no connecting features. If the newly-drawn tile cannot be placed anywhere legally, the players may choose to remove the tile from the game, or return it to the draw pile.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: After placing each newly drawn tile, the placing player may opt to station a marker (called a "follower" or "meeple") on a terrain feature (i.e., a "road", "city", "cloister", or "field") of that newly placed tile to claim control of it. However, if the feature is connected to a feature already claimed by another player, the follower cannot be stationed on that feature. When stationing a follower, the marker is placed upright on the feature to claim that feature, except for a "field", where the follower is laid down instead to emphasize that fields are not scored until the end of the game; the follower's role depends on the feature claimed, changing from thief/highwayman ("road") to knight ("city"), monk ("cloister" or "monastery"), or farmer ("field"). It is possible for terrain features to become "shared" by opposing players when tile(s) are placed in subsequent turns that connect previously unconnected features. For example, two separate fields (each with a follower/farmer) can become connected into a single field subsequently by a newly-placed terrain tile.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: If any feature (except a "field") is completed during a player's turn, the score for the completed feature is counted for the player that controls that feature; after scoring, the controlling "meeple" is removed from the board and returned to the player's stock. Each player has eight followers; since one is used to keep track of the player's score, only seven can be in play at any moment.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: The game ends when the last tile has been placed. At that time, all incomplete features (including fields) score points for the players with the most followers on them. The player with the most points wins the game.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: During each player's turn, completed cities, cloisters, and roads (but not fields) are scored before that player's turn ends. A player may complete a feature by drawing placing a tile, claim it by stationing a follower on the newly-placed tile, and receive the score for completing it all in the same turn, but the sequence of that turn means the player cannot redeploy the follower after it is returned to their stock. The stationing phase of the turn was completed by claiming the completed feature.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: Cities are completed when they contain no unfinished edges from which they may be expanded, roads are similarly completed when they have closed both ends or form a loop, and cloisters are completed when surrounded by eight tiles. Points are awarded to the players with the most followers in a feature. If there is a tie for the most followers in any given feature, all of the tied players are awarded the full number of points. Once a city, cloister, or road feature is scored, all of the followers in that feature are returned to their owners. In general (see table), points are awarded for the number of tiles covered by a feature; a completed cloister scores nine points for the cloister plus eight neighboring tiles.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: At the end of the game, when there are no tiles remaining, fields and all other claimed but incomplete features are scored. The score of each field is based on the number of "completed" cities that field touches. It is possible for a field to be completely enclosed by a road without touching any completed cities, or a field can touch only incomplete cities, in which case those fields will score no points.


title: Carcassonne (board game)

text: There are two older editions of "Carcassonne", differing in scoring of cities and fields. The current scoring rules were introduced in the German version in 2004, but until 2008, the first edition scoring rules were still included with the English releases of "Carcassonne", third edition rules are now included with all editions (including the Xbox 360 and travel versions), and are assumed by all expansions in all languages.