title: Concrete and Gold

text: "Concrete and Gold" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 72 out of 100, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" based on 29 reviews.


title: Concrete and Gold

text: In his review for AllMusic, editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine concluded that "Foo Fighters show that they're in love with light and shade, fury and quiet, every twist and turn they can make with their instruments, and even if "Concrete and Gold" isn't about much more than that, it's refreshing to hear the Foos embrace to the logical flashing conclusion of Grohl's allegiance to real rock values." Writing for "Classic Rock" magazine, Mark Beaumont praised the album for being the "most cohesive consume-in-one-sitting Foo Fighters album in a decade" and concluded that "Grohl does emerge from the modern age with some glimmer of optimism and defiance... If Dave Grohl is an enduring icon of rocking through the hard times, we need him – and "Concrete And Gold" – now more than ever."


title: Concrete and Gold

text: "Newsday" critic Glenn Gamboa praised Kurstin's production on the album, and the band as well for successfully expressing grander and more artistic statements than past albums. Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" praised the band's ability to make something new out of all of their influences, concluding that "Mr. Grohl and Foo Fighters wear their influences so openly — Pink Floyd in 'Concrete and Gold', Led Zeppelin in 'Make It Right', the Beatles all over the album — that they still come across as earnest, proficient journeymen, disciples rather than trailblazers. But in 2017, there aren’t even many disciples left, while Foo Fighters keep honing their skills."


title: Concrete and Gold

text: In a more reserved review for "The Guardian", Alexis Petridis wrote, ""Concrete and Gold" sees the Foo Fighters gently and enjoyably nudge at the boundaries of what they do, rather than crashing through them to new territory. It’s an album that won’t frighten the horses, but provides enough fresh interest to keep the band ticking over: for the Foo Fighters, you suspect, that means mission accomplished." Emma Swann gave the album a three-out-of-five star rating in her review for "DIY", calling it "more interesting than one might’ve expected."


title: Concrete and Gold

text: The album debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 all-format album chart with 127,000 album-equivalent units, of which 120,000 were digital and physical album sales. It is Foo Fighters' second US number-one album, after "Wasting Light". "Concrete and Gold" also became the Foo Fighters' fourth number-one album in the United Kingdom's Official Albums Chart, with 61,000 album-equivalent units, and their seventh in Australia's ARIA Charts, where it soon got certified gold for 35,000 units.


The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association in 1944 for a performance in a motion picture released in the previous year.


title: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture

text: The formal title has varied since its inception; since 2005, the award has officially been called "Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture".


text: Six actors have won the award twice: Richard Attenborough, Edmund Gwenn, Martin Landau, Edmond O'Brien, Christoph Waltz, and Brad Pitt.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Michael Richard Sexton (September 22, 1947September 6, 2020) was an American professional poker player and commentator. He was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame in 2009.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton was a gymnast and attended Ohio State University, where he earned a degree in public recreation after changing majors from business. He joked that he majored in poker because he played very frequently in college. He also regularly played contract bridge and taught classes on it in North Carolina.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton joined the U.S. Army as a paratrooper assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division in 1970. The division had just returned from Vietnam and Sexton never saw combat. While he was in the army, he taught ballroom dancing, and one of his clients convinced him to try being a salesman, which he continued to do after his two-year enlistment was up. After a while, he realized that he could make more money playing poker than being a salesman, so he took up poker in 1977.


title: Mike Sexton

text: In 1985 he moved to Nevada to pursue poker full-time. Sexton was a well-known cohort of poker player Stu Ungar, and was a pallbearer and speaker at Ungar's funeral.


title: Mike Sexton

text: On the World Poker Tour (WPT), Sexton had seventeen career cashes in WPT tournaments, including four final tables. In November 2016, Sexton won the WPT Montreal Main Event, besting a field of 648 entries to win the US$317,896 first prize, on a buy-in of CAD$3,850 per player. It was his third time reaching a WPT final table and his first WPT victory. At the time of his death, his career WPT earnings were $1,011,725, ranking him 233rd in WPT earnings, as well as holding 64th place for 4 WPT final table appearances.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton also served as the lead commentator on WPT telecasts, working alongside Vince Van Patten for the program's first fifteen seasons.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton won several tournaments, including one World Series of Poker bracelet, and almost $5,700,000 in total WSOP tournament winnings. He won his bracelet in the $1,500 seven-card stud split event at the 1989 World Series of Poker. His 72 cashes at the WSOP account for $2.6 million of his total winnings. Sexton finished 10th in a preliminary event at the 2005 World Series of Poker and also in the final 16 of Poker Superstars II. On June 27, 2006, Sexton won the third annual World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions event, and along with it the $1,000,000 first prize. In the final hand, his defeated Daniel Negreanu's on a board of . In July 2012, Sexton finished in 9th place in the "Big One for One Drop" WSOP event, earning him $1,109,333, the biggest cash of his career. During his final World Series of Poker in 2019, Sexton partnered with James Holzhauer, a famed game show contestant and sports gambler making his first World Series of Poker appearance.


title: Mike Sexton

text: A former commentator of the World Poker Tour, alongside Vince Van Patten, he wrote articles for "Card Player Magazine" and the "Gambling Times". He founded the now-defunct "Tournament of Champions of Poker", which only let tournament winners from the previous year compete.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton co-founded and was the chairman for PartyPoker.com, at one time the biggest online poker site in the United States, despite the company being under a $500K deficit after its first launch in 2002. Four years after launch, the company went public for $9 billion, but Sexton sold out his shares for $15 million a year and a half prior to the public offering. When addressing this, Sexton said he did not regret his decision, even though selling when he did cost him an estimated $500 million.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton donated half of his post-tax winnings from his win in 2006 of the third annual World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions event, and along with it the $1,000,000 first prize, to five charities. He pledged to do the same with all future winnings. In early 2009, Sexton along with Linda Johnson, Jan Fisher and Lisa Tenner, created PokerGives.org, a nonprofit organization that offers poker players an easier way to give to charity.


title: Mike Sexton

text: Sexton was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame in 2009. For all of his work promoting poker, Sexton is often known as "the ambassador of poker". On February 15, 2006, Sexton was recognized as the top poker ambassador at the "Card Player Magazine" Player of the Year Awards Gala.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Hawaiian religion refers to the indigenous religious beliefs and practices of native Hawaiians, also known as the kapu system. Hawaiian religion is based largely on the tapu religion common in Polynesia and likely originated among the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaii between 500 and 1300 AD. It is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as other animals, the waves, and the sky. It was only during the reign of Kamehameha I that a ruler from Hawaii island attempted to impose a singular "Hawaiian" religion on all the Hawaiian islands that was not Christianity.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Today, Hawaiian religious practices are protected by the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. Traditional Hawaiian religion is unrelated to the modern New Age practice known as "Huna".


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Hawaiian religion is polytheistic, with many deities, most prominently Kāne, Kū, Lono and Kanaloa. Other notable deities include Laka, Kihawahine, Haumea, Papahānaumoku, and, most famously, Pele. In addition, each family is considered to have one or more guardian spirits known as ʻaumakua that protected family.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Not all ancient Hawaiian believed in deities. Some ancient Hawaiians were atheists, referred to as 'aia'.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: One Hawaiian creation myth is embodied in the "Kumulipo", an epic chant linking the "alii", or Hawaiian royalty, to the gods. The "Kumulipo" is divided into two sections: night, or , and day, or , with the former corresponding to divinity and the latter corresponding to humankind. After the birth of , the woman, and , the man, the man succeeds at seducing and reproducing with the woman before the god "Kāne" has a chance, thereby making the divine lineage of the gods younger than and thus subservient to the lineage of man. This, in turn, illustrates the transition of mankind from being symbols for the gods (the literal meaning of ) into the keeper of these symbols in the form of idols and the like. The Kumulipo was recited during the time of Makahiki, to honor the god of fertility, Lono.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: The were well respected, educated individuals that made up a social hierarchy class that served the King and the Courtiers and assisted the (Common People). Selected to serve many practical and governmental purposes, often were healers, navigators, builders, prophets/temple workers, and philosophers.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: They also talked with the spirits. Kahuna Kūpaiulu of Maui in 1867 described a counter-sorcery ritual to heal someone ill due to , another’s evil thoughts. He said a (cloth) was shaken. Prayers were said.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Then, "If the evil spirit suddenly appears () and possesses the patient, then he or she can be immediately saved by the conversation between the practitioner and that spirit."


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Pukui and others believed kahuna did not have mystical transcendent experiences as described in other religions. Although a person who was possessed () would go into a trance-like state, it was not an ecstatic experience but simply a communion with the known spirits.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Hawaiian tradition shows that was an idea led by the in order for Wākea, the sky father, to get alone with his daughter, Hoohokukalani without his wahine, or wife, Papa, the earth mother, noticing. The spiritually pure or , meaning "sacred" and unclean or were to be separated. included:


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Other Kapus included , meaning "caring of the land" and . Tradition says that originated from the first child of Wākea and Hoohokukalani being deformed so they buried him in the ground and what sprouted became the first , also known as taro. The Hawaiian islands are all children of Papa, Wākea and Hoohokukalani so basically meaning that they are older siblings of the Hawaiian chiefs. Second child of Wākea and Hoohokukalani became the first , or "Grand Chief". This came to be called , the chiefly incest to create the "godly child".


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Punishments for breaking the could include death, although if one could escape to a (for example Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park), a city of refuge, one could be saved. mandated long periods when the entire village must have absolute silence. No baby could cry, dog howl, or rooster crow, on pain of death.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Prayer was an essential part of Hawaiian life, employed when building a house, making a canoe, and giving lomilomi massage. Hawaiians addressed prayers to various gods depending on the situation. When healers picked herbs for medicine, they usually prayed to Kū and Hina, male and female, right and left, upright and supine. The people worshiped Lono during season and Kū during times of war.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Histories from the 19th century describe prayer throughout the day, with specific prayers associated with mundane activities such as sleeping, eating, drinking, and traveling. However, it has been suggested that the activity of prayer differed from the subservient styles of prayer often seen in the Western world:


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Although it is unclear when settlers first came to the Hawaiian Islands, there is significant evidence that the islands were settled no later than 800 AD and immigration continued to about 1300 AD. Settlers came from the Marquesas and greater Polynesia. At some point, a significant influx of Tahitian settlers landed on the Hawaiian islands, bringing with them their religious beliefs.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Early Hawaiian religion resembled other Polynesian religions in that it was largely focused on natural forces such as the tides, the sky, and volcanic activity as well as man's dependence on nature for subsistence. The major early gods reflected these characteristics, as the early Hawaiians worshiped Kāne (the god of the sky and creation), Kū (the god of war and male pursuits), Lono (the god of peace, rain, and fertility) and Kanaloa (the god of the ocean).


title: Hawaiian religion

text: As an Indigenous culture, spread among eight islands, with waves of immigration over hundreds of years from various parts of the South Pacific, religious practices evolved over time and from place to place in different ways.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Hawaiian scholar Mary Kawena Pukui, who was raised in Kaʻū, Hawaii, maintained that the early Hawaiian gods were benign. One Molokai tradition follows this line of thought. Author and researcher Pali Jae Lee writes: "During these ancient times, the only 'religion' was one of family and oneness with all things. The people were in tune with nature, plants, trees, animals, the , and each other. They respected all things and took care of all things. All was ."


title: Hawaiian religion

text: "In the dominant current of Western thought there is a fundamental separation between humanity and divinity. ... In many other cultures, however, such differences between human and divine do not exist. Some peoples have no concept of a ‘Supreme Being’ or ‘Creator God’ who is by nature ‘other than’ his creation. They do, however, claim to experience a spirit world in which beings more powerful than they are concerned for them and can be called upon for help."


title: Hawaiian religion

text: "Along with ancestors and gods, spirits are part of the family of Hawaiians. "There are many kinds of spirits that help for good and many that aid in evil. Some lie and deceive, and some are truthful ... It is a wonderful thing how the spirits ( of the dead and the ‘angels’ () of the can possess living persons. Nothing is impossible to god-spirits, ."


title: Hawaiian religion

text: King Kamehameha the Great died in 1819. Subsequently, two of his wives, Kaʻahumanu and Keōpūolani, then the two most powerful people in the kingdom, conferred with the , Hewahewa. They convinced young Liholiho, Kamehameha II, to overthrow the system. They ordered the people to burn the wooden statues and to tear down the rock temples.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Without the hierarchical system of religion in place, some abandoned the old gods, and others continued with cultural traditions of worshipping them, especially their family .


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Protestant Christian missionaries arrived from the United States from 1820 onwards, and eventually gained great political, moral and economic influence in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Most of the converted to Christianity, including Kaahumanu and Keōpūolani, but it took 11 years for Kaahumanu to proclaim laws against ancient religious practices:


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Despite the outlawing of traditional Hawaiian religious practices, a number of traditions survived by integration, through practice in hiding, or through practice in rural communities in the islands. Surviving traditions include the worship of family ancestral gods or , veneration of or bones, and preservation of sacred places or . Hula, at one time outlawed as a religious practice, today is performed in both spiritual and secular contexts.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Traditional beliefs have also played a role in the politics of post-contact Hawaii. In the 1970s the Hawaiian religion experienced a resurgence during the Hawaiian Renaissance. In 1976 members of a group "Protect "Kahoolawe Ohana"" filed suit in federal court over the use of Kahoolawe by the United States Navy for target practice. Charging that the practice disturbed important cultural and religious sites "Aluli et al. v. Brown" forced the Navy to survey and protect important sites, perform conservation activities, and allow limited access to the island for religious purposes. Similarly, outrage over the unearthing of 1,000 graves (dating back to 850 AD) during the construction of a Ritz-Carlton hotel on Maui in 1988 resulted in the redesign and relocation of the hotel inland, as well as the appointment of the site as a state historic place.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Since 2014 an ongoing series of protests and demonstrations have taken place on the Island of Hawaii regarding the choosing of Mauna Kea for the site location of the Thirty Meter Telescope. These protests have become known as the Thirty Meter Telescope Protests. Some Hawaiians regard Mauna Kea as the most sacred mountain of Native Hawaiian religion and culture. Native Hawaiian cultural practitioners have repeatedly failed in court to prove that these practices predate 1893 (the threshold for protection under Hawaii State law). Protests began locally within the state of Hawaii on October 7, 2014 but went global within weeks of the April 2, 2015 arrest of 31 people who had blockaded the roadway to keep construction crews off the summit. On July 14, 2019, an online petition titled


title: Hawaiian religion

text: "The Immediate Halt to the Construction of the TMT telescope on Mauna Kea" was posted on Change.org. The petition has gathered over 100,000 signatures.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: Along with the surviving traditions, some Hawaiians practice Christianized versions of old traditions. Others practice the old faith as a co-religion.


title: Hawaiian religion

text: In the 1930s, non-Hawaiian author Max Freedom Long originated a philosophy and practice which he called "Huna". While Long and his successors represent this invention as a type of ancient Hawaiian occultism, non-Hawaiian scholars Rothstein and Chai consider it a New Age mix of cultural appropriation and fantasy, and not representative of traditional Hawaiian religion.


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: Cathy O'Donnell (born Ann Steely, July 6, 1923 – April 11, 1970) was an American actor who appeared in "The Best Years of Our Lives," "Ben-Hur," and films noir such as "Detective Story" and "They Live by Night".


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: O'Donnell was born Ann Steely in Siluria, Alabama. Her father, Grady Steely, was a schoolteacher and owned a local movie theater. Her family moved to Greensboro, Alabama when she was seven, then to Oklahoma City when she was twelve. There she attended Harding Junior High School and Classen High School. She told a "Boston Globe" reporter in 1946 that she first became interested in acting at age fourteen after seeing Janet Gaynor in "A Star Is Born". After high school she worked in a U.S. Army induction center as a stenographer. She left that job to study acting at Oklahoma City University, where she played Juliet in a college production of "Romeo and Juliet". She then saved money for a two-week trip to Hollywood, where she hoped to begin a movie career.


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: During her brief trip to Hollywood, an agent of Samuel Goldwyn spotted her at a drugstore. Although a screen test revealed her thick Southern accent, Goldwyn was impressed with her appearance and put her under contract. He sent her for acting and diction lessons and had her cast in local plays, including a Pasadena Playhouse dramatization of "Little Women." She later changed her name to Cathy, after the female protagonist in "Wuthering Heights". She then changed her last name to O'Donnell as recommended by Goldwyn's wife, who claimed that audiences loved actors with Irish last names.


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: O'Donnell appeared on stage in Boston in "Life with Father" in 1944. She made her film debut as an uncredited extra in "Wonder Man" (1945).


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: Her first major film role was in 1946's "The Best Years of Our Lives", playing Wilma Cameron, the high-school sweetheart of Navy veteran Homer Parrish. Homer was played by real-life World War II veteran and double amputee Harold Russell.


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: O'Donnell was loaned to RKO for "They Live by Night" (1948). Farley Granger played her love interest. The film is on "The Guardian" list of the top 10 noir films. The two actors appeared together again in "Side Street" (1950).


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: Later she starred in "The Miniver Story" (also 1950) as Judy Miniver. She had a large supporting role in "Detective Story" (1951) with Kirk Douglas. She appeared as Barbara Waggoman, the love interest of James Stewart's character in the western "The Man from Laramie" (1955). Her final film role was in "Ben-Hur" (1959) playing the part of Tirzah, the sister to Judah Ben-Hur.


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: In the 1960s she appeared in TV shows such as "Perry Mason", "The Rebel" and "Man Without a Gun". Her last screen appearance was in 1964 in an episode of "Bonanza".


title: Cathy O'Donnell

text: In 1946, while acting in "The Best Years of Our Lives", O'Donnell met the director William Wyler's older brother Robert Wyler. On April 11, 1948, at age 24, she married 47-year-old Robert.


title: Symbolic (Death album)

text: Symbolic is the sixth and penultimate studio album by American death metal band Death, released on March 21, 1995, by Roadrunner Records. The album was remastered and reissued on April 1, 2008, with five bonus tracks. It is the only album to feature Bobby Koelble and Kelly Conlon on guitar and bass, respectively, and the second and last album to feature drummer Gene Hoglan. The album has received unanimous critical acclaim.


title: Symbolic (Death album)

text: "Symbolic" shows a continued shift in sound from Death's previous albums; the music became less focused on the traditional death metal template and more focused on increasing melodic aspects. "Symbolic" has been described as technical death metal and melodic death metal.


title: Symbolic (Death album)

text: "Symbolic" has received widespread critical acclaim and is regarded by many as being Death’s greatest album, and as being one of the greatest death metal albums of all time. In a contemporary review, "Select" stated that "there're still lashings of gristly, growling vocals and head-in-the-groin thrashing to be had" as a listener can "snuggle up to witness what dark depths Death's 12-year career has taken them too ["sic"]".


title: Symbolic (Death album)

text: Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic noted that "some of the riffs are beginning to sound a little tired and there is no great leap forward in terms of their musical ideas, but the sheer visceral force of their sound should please their dedicated fans". A review of the 2008 re-issue in "Record Collector" stated that the album was as "close to flawless as metal gets, and a testament to the drive and talent of the much-missed Schuldiner". Canadian journalist Martin Popoff considered the album "the band's most impressive and crossover-ish to date", combining conventional metal, "traces of doomy, Germanic melody and heaps of progressive might."


title: Symbolic (Death album)

text: The webzine Metal Rules ranked the album as the 7th greatest extreme metal album and the 58th greatest heavy metal album of all time.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: Rhys Nicholson (born 22 April 1990) is an Australian comedian and known for being a judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under" from 2021 onwards.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: In 2014, Nicholson featured in the ABC documentary "GayCrashers", alongside Joel Creasey, in which the duo travel to the small town of Colac and perform a stand-up show. Creasey had been the subject of a homophobic attack on an earlier visit to the town.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: In 2016, to highlight the importance of marriage equality in Australia, Nicholson publicly married lesbian and fellow comedian Zoe Coombs Marr at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. That year Nicholson and Coombs Marr were also both nominated for the Barry Award for Best Show, which Coombs Marr won.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: In 2021, Nicholson served as a judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under", alongside RuPaul and Michelle Visage. Since 2022, they have played Doctor Sarkov in Netflix's "The Imperfects".


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: Nicholson is gay, non-binary, and primarily uses they/them pronouns. They live with their fiancé, former Triple J radio presenter Kyran Wheatley, with whom they also established a Melbourne comedy venue in 2019.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: Nicholson is the nibling of a member of Machine Gun Fellatio and a keen music fanatic. They have also spoken openly about their struggle with bulimia.


title: Rhys Nicholson

text: The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.


title: Roman Bürki

text: Roman Bürki (born 14 November 1990) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Major League Soccer club St. Louis City SC. From 2014 to 2018, he played for the Switzerland national team.


title: Roman Bürki

text: Bürki began his career in 2007 with the reserve squad of the BSC Young Boys. In 2009, he moved to FC Thun, and half a year later to FC Schaffhausen. In the summer of 2010 he went back to BSC Young Boys, and again half a year later he was transferred to Grasshopper Club Zürich. First, he was the back-up goalkeeper, later the first goalkeeper. He was on loan until 2013, when Grasshoppers bought his rights.


title: Roman Bürki

text: For 2014–15 Bundesliga season he succeeded Oliver Baumann as number one goalkeeper. He played in all 34 games, while being unable to prevent the team from being relegated to 2. Bundesliga.


title: Roman Bürki

text: On 14 June 2015, he signed for Borussia Dortmund. He made his formal debut for the team on 15 August 2015, in a 4–0 win over Borussia Mönchengladbach. He kept 12 clean sheets for Dortmund in the league, making 33 appearances. In the 2016–17 season, he made 27 league appearances, keeping 9 clean sheets.


title: Roman Bürki

text: In the 2017–18 season, Bürki became the first goalkeeper to keep five clean sheets in the first five Bundesliga games.


title: Roman Bürki

text: On March 16th, 2022, Burki agreed to a deal that would send him to Major League Soccer expansion franchise St. Louis City SC for their inaugural season in 2023.


title: Roman Bürki

text: In 2014, Bürki was first called up for Switzerland and was also in the squad for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. On 18 November 2014, he made his debut in a friendly match against Poland. He was part of the squad for the 2016 European Championships, but never made it to any match. Ultimately, his team was eliminated in the round of 16 away after losing 5–4 on penalties against Poland.


title: Roman Bürki

text: In 2018, Burki stated that he did not want to be called up to the Switzerland squad in order to focus on the 2018–19 season at Dortmund.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: Edwige Fenech (, ; born 24 December 1948) is an Algerian-born Maltese-Sicilian actress and film producer. She is mostly known as the star of a series of "commedia sexy all'italiana" and "giallo" films released in the 1970s, which turned her into a sex symbol.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: Fenech was born in Bône, Constantine, French Algeria (now Annaba, Annaba Province, Algeria) to a Maltese father and Sicilian mother.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: Fenech moved from Nice (France) to Rome in 1967 for her first Italian film "Samoa, Queen of the Jungle" by Guido Malatesta. In 1968, she came under contract with Austrian director Franz Antel and from the late 1960s to early 1970s, she acted in various films of Antel (including his acclaimed "Frau Wirtin" series) as well as that of Franz Marischka.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: Fenech starred in many genres of cinema but her greatest commercial success came with "commedia sexy all'italiana" films, particularly including earlier works "Ubalda, All Naked and Warm" (1972) and "Giovannona Long-Thigh" (1973), as well as the following "l'insegnante" (school teacher), "la soldatessa" (soldier), "la poliziotta" (policewoman) series and other films that featured Fenech in stereotypical professions, which further bolstered Fenech's position as the most popular actress of the genre. She often paired with Carlo Giuffrè and later with Renzo Montagnani in "commedia sexy" films.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: Fenech was also a regular in "giallo" films. Her works in this genre include "The Seducers" (1969), "Five Dolls for an August Moon" (1970), "The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh" (1971), "Your Vice Is a Locked Room and Only I Have the Key" (1972), "All the Colors of the Dark" (1972), "The Case of the Bloody Iris" (1972), "Strip Nude for Your Killer" (1975), and "Phantom of Death" (1987).


title: Edwige Fenech

text: In the 1980s, she became a television personality, typically appearing with Barbara Bouchet on a chat show on Italian television. After many years of work in movie production, she co-produced "The Merchant of Venice" (2004) with Al Pacino, and later accepted Eli Roth's offer to star in another movie, "" (2007). Quentin Tarantino named the character of Lt. Ed Fenech in "Inglourious Basterds" (2009) in her honour, and invited Fenech to the Italian premiere of his film.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: In the mid-1990s, she was engaged to the well-known Italian industrialist Luca di Montezemolo. Her son Edwin (born 1971) has worked at her production company and was the former CEO of Ferrari Asia-Pacific, Ferrari Greater China and Ferrari North America.


title: Edwige Fenech

text: The English Metal band Cathedral wrote the song "Edwige's Eyes" on their album "The Guessing Game" as a tribute to the actress.


title: Gaurav Chaudhary

text: Gaurav Chaudhary (born 7 May 1991), known professionally as Technical Guruji, is an Indian YouTube personality based in the UAE. Chaudhary is notable for producing YouTube videos concerning technology in Hindi. In 2020, he was on the "Forbes India" 30 under 30 list, and have 15 million subscribers on YouTube.


title: Gaurav Chaudhary

text: Chaudhary was born in Ajmer, Rajasthan in a chaudhary family on 7 May 1991. He studied at a Kendriya Vidyalaya School. In 2012, he moved to Dubai to pursue a degree in microelectronics at BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus.


title: Gaurav Chaudhary

text: Chaudhary launched his YouTube channel "Technical Guruji" in October 2015, primarily posting advice and product reviews. In 2017, Chaudhary created a second channel, "Gaurav Chaudhary" dedicated to producing content about his personal life.


title: Gaurav Chaudhary

text: In September 2018, Technical Guruji was ranked as the 9th most subscribed to technology YouTube channel. In November 2018, it was reported that Chaudhary was the first technology YouTuber to accrue more than 10 million subscribers.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: In mathematics and computer science, the (, ) is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. The problem asks for an algorithm that considers, as input, a statement and answers "Yes" or "No" according to whether the statement is "universally valid", i.e., valid in every structure satisfying the axioms.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: By the completeness theorem of first-order logic, a statement is universally valid if and only if it can be deduced from the axioms, so the "" can also be viewed as asking for an algorithm to decide whether a given statement is provable from the axioms using the rules of logic.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: In 1936, Alonzo Church and Alan Turing published independent papers showing that a general solution to the " is impossible, assuming that the intuitive notion of "effectively calculable" is captured by the functions computable by a Turing machine (or equivalently, by those expressible in the lambda calculus). This assumption is now known as the Church–Turing thesis.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: The origin of the goes back to Gottfried Leibniz, who in the seventeenth century, after having constructed a successful mechanical calculating machine, dreamt of building a machine that could manipulate symbols in order to determine the truth values of mathematical statements. He realized that the first step would have to be a clean formal language, and much of his subsequent work was directed toward that goal. In 1928, David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann posed the question in the form outlined above.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: In continuation of his "program", Hilbert posed three questions at an international conference in 1928, the third of which became known as "Hilbert's ". In 1929, Moses Schönfinkel published one paper on special cases of the decision problem, that was prepared by Paul Bernays.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: Before the question could be answered, the notion of "algorithm" had to be formally defined. This was done by Alonzo Church in 1935 with the concept of "effective calculability" based on his λ-calculus, and by Alan Turing the next year with his concept of Turing machines. Turing immediately recognized that these are equivalent models of computation.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: The negative answer to the was then given by Alonzo Church in 1935–36 (Church's theorem) and independently shortly thereafter by Alan Turing in 1936 (Turing's proof). Church proved that there is no computable function which decides, for two given λ-calculus expressions, whether they are equivalent or not. He relied heavily on earlier work by Stephen Kleene. Turing reduced the question of the existence of an 'algorithm' or 'general method' able to solve the to the question of the existence of a 'general method' which decides whether any given Turing machine halts or not (the halting problem). If 'algorithm' is understood as meaning a method that can be represented as a Turing machine, and with the answer to the latter question negative (in general), the question about the existence of an algorithm for the also must be negative (in general). In his 1936 paper, Turing says: "Corresponding to each computing machine 'it' we construct a formula 'Un(it)' and we show that, if there is a general method for determining whether 'Un(it)' is provable, then there is a general method for determining whether 'it' ever prints 0".


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: The work of both Church and Turing was heavily influenced by Kurt Gödel's earlier work on his incompleteness theorem, especially by the method of assigning numbers (a Gödel numbering) to logical formulas in order to reduce logic to arithmetic.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: The " is related to Hilbert's tenth problem, which asks for an algorithm to decide whether Diophantine equations have a solution. The non-existence of such an algorithm, established by the work of Yuri Matiyasevich, Julia Robinson, Martin Davis, and Hilary Putnam, with the final piece of the proof in 1970, also implies a negative answer to the "Entscheidungsproblem".


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: Some first-order theories are algorithmically decidable; examples of this include Presburger arithmetic, real closed fields, and static type systems of many programming languages. The general first-order theory of the natural numbers expressed in Peano's axioms cannot be decided with an algorithm, however.


title: Entscheidungsproblem

text: Having practical decision procedures for classes of logical formulas is of considerable interest for program verification and circuit verification. Pure Boolean logical formulas are usually decided using SAT-solving techniques based on the DPLL algorithm. Conjunctive formulas over linear real or rational arithmetic can be decided using the simplex algorithm, formulas in linear integer arithmetic (Presburger arithmetic) can be decided using Cooper's algorithm or William Pugh's Omega test. Formulas with negations, conjunctions and disjunctions combine the difficulties of satisfiability testing with that of decision of conjunctions; they are generally decided nowadays using SMT-solving techniques, which combine SAT-solving with decision procedures for conjunctions and propagation techniques. Real polynomial arithmetic, also known as the theory of real closed fields, is decidable; this is the Tarski–Seidenberg theorem, which has been implemented in computers by using the cylindrical algebraic decomposition.


title: Michael Redd

text: Michael Wesley Redd (born August 24, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player. He was drafted 43rd overall by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2000 NBA draft. He was born in Columbus, Ohio, where he attended West High School. He was also a member of the U.S. national basketball team.


title: Michael Redd

text: Standing tall and weighing , Redd spent both his collegiate and professional career at the shooting guard position.


title: Michael Redd

text: Redd was born on August 24, 1979, in Columbus, Ohio. In his college years, Redd spent three years leading the offensive attack of Ohio State University garnering point averages of 21.9, 19.5, and 17.5, respectively. As a sophomore, Redd and Scoonie Penn led Ohio State to the NCAA Final Four. He was then drafted after his junior year in the 2000 NBA draft as a second round pick (43rd overall) by the Milwaukee Bucks.


title: Michael Redd

text: In his rookie year, Redd was not able to contribute immediately as he was behind NBA All-Star guard Ray Allen on the depth chart. Later on, however, it became apparent that he was better than anticipated as proven by accounts that he had played extremely well against Ray Allen, Glenn Robinson, and other teammates in practice. It was then that former Bucks' head coach George Karl rewarded him with additional playing time. He posted averages of 11.4 points per contest as well as 44.4% on three-point shooting during his second NBA season. On February 20, 2002, against the Houston Rockets, Redd made eight three-point field goals in the fourth quarter, a then-NBA record. In October 2002, he signed a four-year, $12 million offer sheet with the Dallas Mavericks, but it was matched by the Bucks and he remained in Milwaukee. During the 2003–04 season, Redd's performance, amongst other reasons (ouster of Ray Allen to Seattle via a trade), was rewarded with full starter's duties and later earning averages of 21.7 points per contest en route to his first and only All-Star Game appearance.


title: Michael Redd

text: After the 2004–05 season, Redd signed a new contract with the Bucks that lasted six years and was worth $91 million. He chose to stay with the Bucks over leaving for his home state team, the Cleveland Cavaliers, and a chance to play for less money with LeBron James.


title: Michael Redd

text: In the 2006–07 season, Redd arguably had the best season of his career, averaging a career-high 26.7 points per game. That season, on November 11, 2006, Redd scored a career-high 57 points in a 113-111 loss to the Utah Jazz, breaking the single-game Bucks record for points scored set by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in 1971. Later that season, on March 4, 2007, Redd scored 52 points in an overtime loss to the Chicago Bulls. Despite his efforts, the Bucks struggled to win games, finishing 28–54 in the season.


title: Michael Redd

text: The Milwaukee Bucks were dealt a devastating blow January 25, 2009, when they learned Redd would miss the rest of the season with a torn ACL and MCL in his left knee. Redd missed the rest of the 2008–09 season.


title: Michael Redd

text: Redd returned for the Bucks to start the 2009–10 season, but during a game against the Los Angeles Lakers on January 10, 2010, he re-tore his ACL and MCL in the same knee that he had injured almost a year earlier. It was announced the next day that he would once again be lost for the rest of the season.


title: Michael Redd

text: On March 28, 2011, Redd was able to return to the Bucks after 14 months from the injury and recorded four assists in his return. On March 30, 2011, against the Toronto Raptors, Redd scored his first NBA basket since his return from injury. Redd played 10 games in the 2010–11 season. When he left Milwaukee, he had averaged 20 points per game in his 11 seasons with the team.


title: Michael Redd

text: The Phoenix Suns signed Redd to a one-year contract on December 29, 2011. Redd made his debut for Phoenix on January 12, 2012, scoring 14 points in a loss to the Cavaliers. Redd returned to Milwaukee on February 7, 2012, scoring 14 points in the win over the Bucks. He received a standing ovation from the crowd. On March 18, 2012, Redd scored a season-high 25 points in a victory against the Houston Rockets. In his final NBA game on April 25, 2012, he scored 14 points in a 110–106 loss to the San Antonio Spurs.


title: Michael Redd

text: On November 6, 2013, Redd announced his retirement from the NBA. In his retirement Redd has become an accomplished entrepreneur and venture capitalist. He also has a popular podcast called Betting On Yourself.


title: Michael Redd

text: In 2021, Redd was one of only three former Bucks players (Brandon Jennings and Marques Johnson) to appear in Milwaukee’s championship parade.


title: Michael Redd

text: Redd frequently played for Team USA at the junior level and played in the 2007 FIBA Americas tournament, a qualifying tournament for the 2008 Summer Olympics. He averaged over 15 points throughout the competition. During the team's game against Puerto Rico, Redd set the qualifying record for most 3-pointers made in one game. He also set the record of most three-pointers made in the whole tournament (28) surpassing Penny Hardaway who had the previous record of 22. Redd participated in the 2008 Olympics as the team went unbeaten on the way to winning back the gold medal after defeating 2006 FIBA World Championship winners Spain and living up to their "Redeem Team" moniker after missing out on gold in the 2004 Summer Olympics.


title: Michael Redd

text: Redd, a devout Christian, bought a church building for his father's ministry as the first purchase after signing his contract worth $91 million over six years. The church was newly named Philadelphia Deliverance Church of Christ built in his hometown of Columbus.


title: Michael Redd

text: Redd, via NCT Ventures, invested in Azoti, an Ohio startup that connects producers and buyers of food.


title: Michael Redd

text: Rapper Nelly name-dropped Redd along with fellow NBA players Magic Johnson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, and Allen Iverson—as well as NFL players Julius Peppers, Ray Lewis, and Peyton Manning—in the song "Heart of a Champion," the first track on 2004 album "Sweat". Early in the song's second verse, Nelly says: ""... I get Buck like Michael Redd--tell 'em again: I gets Buck like Michael Redd. Heard what I said?"" Upon Peppers' surefire election to the Pro Football Hall of Fame once eligible, Redd would be the only athlete name-dropped in the song who did not make his sport's hall of fame.


title: Alex Ross

text: Nelson Alexander Ross (born January 22, 1970) is an American comic book writer and artist known primarily for his painted interiors, covers, and design work. He first became known with the 1994 miniseries "Marvels", on which he collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek for Marvel Comics. He has since done a variety of projects for both Marvel and DC Comics, such as the 1996 miniseries "Kingdom Come", which Ross co-wrote. Since then he has done covers and character designs for Busiek's series "Astro City", and various projects for Dynamite Entertainment. His feature film work includes concept and narrative art for "Spider-Man" and "Spider-Man 2", and DVD packaging art for the M. Night Shyamalan film "Unbreakable". He has done covers for "TV Guide", promotional artwork for the Academy Awards, posters and packaging design for video games, and his renditions of superheroes have been merchandised as action figures.


title: Alex Ross

text: Ross's style, which usually employs a combination of gouache and wash, has been said to exhibit "a Norman-Rockwell-meets-George-Pérez vibe", and has been praised for its realistic, human depictions of classic comic book characters. His rendering style, his attention to detail, and the perceived tendency of his characters to be depicted staring off into the distance in cover images has been satirized in "Mad" magazine.


title: Alex Ross

text: Alex Ross was born in Portland, Oregon, and raised in Lubbock, Texas, by his United Church of Christ minister father, Clark, and his mother, Lynette, a commercial artist from whom he would learn many of the trademarks of his artistic style. Ross first began drawing at age three, and was first influenced by superheroes when he discovered Spider-Man on an episode of the children's TV series "The Electric Company".


title: Alex Ross

text: He would later be influenced by comics artists such as John Romita Sr., Neal Adams, George Pérez and Bernie Wrightson, and attempted to imitate Pérez' style when he did superhero work, and Wrightson's when he did what he calls "serious" work. By age 16, Ross discovered the realistic work of illustrators such as Andrew Loomis and Norman Rockwell, and envisioned one day seeing such styles applied to comic book art.


title: Alex Ross

text: At age 17, Ross began studying painting at the American Academy of Art in Chicago, where his mother had studied. During his years there, Ross discovered the work of other artists like J. C. Leyendecker and Salvador Dalí, whose "hyper-realistic quality", Ross saw, was not that far removed from that of comics. It was during this time that he formed the idea to paint his own comic books. Ross graduated after three years.


title: Alex Ross

text: After graduating, Ross took a job at an advertising agency as a storyboard artist. Ross's first published comic book work was the 1990 five-issue miniseries, "", written by Ron Fortier and published by NOW Comics. Ross created all of the art, from pencils through coloring for the series. He performed similar work on a variety of titles over the next few years. His first work for Marvel Comics was to have been printed in the science-fiction anthology series "Open Space" #5 but the title was cancelled with issue #4 (August 1990). Ross's story was printed in 1999 as a special supplement to "Wizard's" "Alex Ross Special". In 1993, he completed his first painted superhero assignment, the cover of a Superman novel, "".


title: Alex Ross

text: During this time, Ross met writer Kurt Busiek, and the two began submitting proposals for series that would feature paintings as their internal art. Marvel agreed to a project that would tell much of the history of the Marvel Universe from the perspective of an ordinary person. That limited series, "Marvels," was released in 1994, and chronicled the life of a photojournalist, as he reacted to living in a world of superheroes and villains.


title: Alex Ross

text: Busiek, Ross, and penciller Brent Anderson created "Astro City", first published by Image Comics in 1995 and later by WildStorm Comics. The series features an original superhero world and continues the theme of "Marvels", exploring how ordinary people, superheroes and villains react to a world where the fantastic is commonplace. Ross paints the covers and helps set the costumes and the general look and feel for the series, which has been published sporadically in recent years.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 1996, Ross worked with writer Mark Waid on the DC Comics limited series "Kingdom Come," which presents a possible future for the DC Universe, in which Superman and several other classic superheroes return from retirement to tame a generation of brutal anti-heroes. The work featured Ross's redesigned versions of many DC characters, as well as a new generation of characters. Ross co-created the original character Magog, patterning his appearance and costume on Cable and Shatterstar, two characters created by Rob Liefeld. DC Comics writer and executive Paul Levitz observed that "Waid's deep knowledge of the heroes' pasts served them well, and Ross' unique painted art style made a powerful statement about the reality of the world they built."


title: Alex Ross

text: Ross followed "Kingdom Come" with "Uncle Sam", a non-superhero work for DC's Vertigo line, an experimental work that examined the dark side of American history. Ross drew the lenticular covers for "Superman: Forever" #1 (June 1998) and "Batman: No Man's Land" #1 (March 1999). Between 1998 and 2003, writer Paul Dini and Ross produced annual tabloid-sized editions celebrating the 60th anniversaries of DC Comics' Superman (""), Batman (""), Shazam ("Shazam! Power of Hope"), and Wonder Woman (""), as well as two specials featuring the Justice League, "Secret Origins" and "Liberty and Justice".


title: Alex Ross

text: In the early 2000s, with writer Jim Krueger, Ross plotted and designed characters for a trilogy of Marvel limited series, "Earth X", "Universe X", and "Paradise X", which combined dozens of Marvel characters from various time periods.


title: Alex Ross

text: When M. Night Shyamalan's film, "Unbreakable" was released to video in 2001, the DVD included an insert with Ross's original art, as well as a commentary by Ross, regarding superheroes, in the movie's special features.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2001, Ross won acclaim for his work on special comic books benefiting the families of those killed in the September 11, 2001, attacks, including his portraits of paramedics, police and firefighters. He has designed DC merchandise, including posters, dinner plates, and statues. In late 2001, Ross painted four covers to the December 8, 2001, "TV Guide", which depicted Tom Welling, Kristin Kreuk and Michael Rosenbaum of the TV series "Smallville", and Superman.


title: Alex Ross

text: Ross designed a series of costumes for the 2002 film "Spider-Man", though they were not used in the film. In the film's video game tie-in, as an Easter egg, it is possible to unlock a playable version of Ross's Spider-Man design. When using this, the Green Goblin will feature one of Ross's unused character outfits. Ross's design was featured as an unlockable costume and available in a white version in the PlayStation game "".


title: Alex Ross

text: In early 2002, Ross designed the promotional poster for the 2002 Academy Awards, which depicted Oscar perched atop the First National Building. The Academy loaned Ross an actual Oscar statuette for a week for him to use as reference for the painting. Ross stated that he photographed members of his family as if they were receiving it. That same year, he was one of four artists who depicted Spider-Man on one of the covers to the April 27, 2002, issue of "TV Guide" as a promotional tie-in to the feature film "Spider-Man".


title: Alex Ross

text: Ross illustrated the cover art on the Anthrax albums "We've Come for You All" (2003), "Music of Mass Destruction" (2004), "Worship Music" (2011), and "For All Kings" (2016).


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2003, Pantheon Books published the coffee table book "Mythology: The DC Comics Art of Alex Ross", written and designed by Chip Kidd, and featuring a foreword written by M. Night Shyamalan. In late 2005, a paperback version of the book was published to include new artwork by Ross, including sketches for his "Justice" mini-series. Also in 2004, Ross designed 15 paintings for the opening credits of the film "Spider-Man 2". The paintings presented key elements from the first film. Ross later donated the paintings to be auctioned off on eBay to benefit the United Cancer Front.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2005, Ross designed the DVD illustration covers for the re-release of "Gatchaman" by ADV Films. He appeared in a featurette discussing his involvement of Gatchaman in his career.


title: Alex Ross

text: In August 2005, Ross worked again with writer Jim Krueger and penciller Doug Braithwaite on 12-issue, bi-monthly limited series "Justice" for DC Comics. The series focuses on the enemies of the Justice League of America banding together to in an effort to defeat them.


title: Alex Ross

text: The cover of the "Savior of the Universe Edition" DVD of the 1980 film "Flash Gordon", released on August 7, 2007, features a cover painted by Ross. An avid fan of the film, he starred in a featurette on the DVD where he discussed the movie, which he names as his favorite movie of all time.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2008, Ross embarked on projects focusing on Golden Age characters: "Project Superpowers" with Jim Krueger for Dynamite Entertainment. That same year, Ross wrote and illustrated "Avengers/Invaders". It features Marvel characters but was published by Dynamite Entertainment. The story pits World War II versions of Captain America, Namor, and other classic war characters against the modern Avengers groups. Late 2008 saw the release of two Ross prints that were made into T-shirts: one, "Bush Sucking Democracy Dry", featuring George W. Bush as a vampire sucking the blood from Lady Liberty, and the other, "Time for a Change", featuring Barack Obama as a superhero. The latter was made into a T-shirt, with which Obama was seen posing at a public event. Ross painted the "Kollectors Edition" cover for the console game "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe". The artwork was released on October 9, 2008, as was a video chronicling Ross's process of painting it. Ross is featured in his own segment on the Blu-ray/DVD included in the package.


title: Alex Ross

text: Dynamite Entertainment announced that Ross would illustrate covers for the "Fighting American" series.


title: Alex Ross

text: Other Ross projects for Dynamite include acting as the creative director on "The Phantom" comic book series. and teaming with Kurt Busiek on "Kirby: Genesis", an eight-issue miniseries which debuted in 2011. The series was their first full collaboration since "Marvels" 17 years previous, and features a large group of Jack Kirby's creator-owned characters, the rights to which were acquired by Dynamite, such as Silver Star, Captain Victory, Galaxy Green, Tiger 21 and the Ninth Men. Ross handled the series' co-plotting, designs, and covers, apart from overseeing the book overall with Busiek, who was the writer.


title: Alex Ross

text: Since 2011, Ross has been painting covers for several Dynamite titles such as "The Green Hornet", "Silver Star", "Captain Victory", "The Bionic Man", "Lord of the Jungle", "The Spider", among others.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2012 Ross drew promotional artwork of , the main character of the video game "Assassin's Creed III", used on the cover of the April 2012 issue of "Game Informer" and the collectible steelbook case provided with certain editions of the game. that same year, Ross returned to interior painted art with "Masks", a story in which the Shadow, the Spider, the Green Hornet, Zorro and others join forces to combat a mutual threat.


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2013 Ross created an exclusive GameStop pre-order poster for the video game "Watch Dogs", which was scheduled for debut November 19 of that year, but was delayed to 2014. The game is set in Ross's home city, Chicago, which Ross emphasized in the image by placing the Willis Tower and the elevated train tracks in the background.


title: Alex Ross

text: With Marvel's "All-New, All-Different Marvel" relaunch, Ross did a variety of covers for the main comics in the relaunch such as the cover for "The Amazing Spider-Man" and "Squadron Supreme".


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2015, following the conclusion of that year's "Secret Wars" storyline, Ross designed the high-tech variation of Spider-Man's costume that the character wore during Dan Slott and Giuseppe Camuncoli's run on "The Amazing-Spider-Man".


title: Alex Ross

text: In April 2022, Ross was reported among the more than three dozen comics creators who contributed to Operation USA's benefit anthology book, "Comics for Ukraine: Sunflower Seeds", a project spearheaded by editor Scott Dunbier, whose profits would be donated to relief efforts for Ukrainian refugees resulting from the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ross provided the cover to the hardcover edition of the book.


title: Alex Ross

text: In September of 2022, Ross released "Fantastic Four: Full Circle", a 64 page graphic novel in which the Fantastic Four venture through the Negative Zone, on which Ross served as both writer and artist.


title: Alex Ross

text: DC Direct, the collectibles division of DC Comics, has produced three sets of action figures from the comic book "Kingdom Come" based on Alex Ross's artwork. The first set of figures included Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, and Hawkman. The second set included Batman, Red Robin, Captain Marvel, and Kid Flash. The last set included Magog, Flash, Armored Wonder Woman, and Deadman. An exclusive figure of Red Arrow was released through ToyFare magazine. DC Direct also released several other Ross-designed characters through their Elseworlds toylines. These figures included the Spectre, Norman McCay, Jade, Nightstar, Aquaman, and Blue Beetle. Ross designed the costume the current incarnation of Batwoman wears; this character has been released in action-figure form by DC Direct as part of its "52" line of toys.


title: Alex Ross

text: DC Direct has released a line of action figures for the comic book "Justice" based on Alex Ross's artwork:


title: Alex Ross

text: In 2019, Hasbro released several figures based on Alex Ross's art as part of the Marvel Legends line. The toys were released to celebrate the 80th anniversary of Marvel Comics, and included Ross-designed versions of Iron Man, Thor and Captain America.


title: Alex Ross

text: Ross won the "Comics Buyer's Guide"'s CBG Fan Award for Favorite Painter seven years in a row, resulting in that publication's retirement of that category. "Comics Buyer's Guide" Senior Editor Maggie Thompson commented in regard to this in 2010, "Ross may simply be the field's Favorite Painter, period. That's despite the fact that many outstanding painters are at work in today's comic books." Ross was also named Best Cover Artist by the CBG Awards 11 years in a row, from 1995 to 2005.


title: Spline interpolation

text: In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, spline interpolation is a form of interpolation where the interpolant is a special type of piecewise polynomial called a spline. That is, instead of fitting a single, high-degree polynomial to all of the values at once, spline interpolation fits low-degree polynomials to small subsets of the values, for example, fitting nine cubic polynomials between each of the pairs of ten points, instead of fitting a single degree-ten polynomial to all of them. Spline interpolation is often preferred over polynomial interpolation because the interpolation error can be made small even when using low-degree polynomials for the spline. Spline interpolation also avoids the problem of Runge's phenomenon, in which oscillation can occur between points when interpolating using high-degree polynomials.


title: Spline interpolation

text: Originally, "spline" was a term for elastic rulers that were bent to pass through a number of predefined points, or "knots". These were used to make technical drawings for shipbuilding and construction by hand, as illustrated in the figure.


title: Spline interpolation

text: We wish to model similar kinds of curves using a set of mathematical equations. Assume we have a sequence of formula_1 knots, formula_2 through formula_3. There will be a cubic polynomial formula_4 between each successive pair of knots formula_5 and formula_6 connecting to both of them, where formula_7. So there will be formula_8 polynomials, with the first polynomial starting at formula_2, and the last polynomial ending at formula_3.


title: Spline interpolation

text: where formula_13 and formula_14 are the first and second derivatives of formula_15 with respect to formula_16.


title: Spline interpolation

text: To make the spline take a shape that minimizes the bending (under the constraint of passing through all knots), we will define both formula_13 and formula_14 to be continuous everywhere, including at the knots. Each successive polynomial must have equal values (which are equal to the y-value of the corresponding datapoint), derivatives, and second derivatives at their joining knots, which is to say that


title: Spline interpolation

text: This can only be achieved if polynomials of degree 3 (cubic polynomials) or higher are used. The classical approach is to use polynomials of exactly degree 3 — cubic splines.


title: Spline interpolation

text: In addition to the three conditions above, a 'natural cubic spline' has the condition that formula_20.


title: Spline interpolation

text: In addition to the three main conditions above, a 'clamped cubic spline' has the conditions that formula_21 and formula_22 where formula_23 is the derivative of the interpolated function.


title: Spline interpolation

text: In addition to the three main conditions above, a 'not-a-knot spline' has the conditions that formula_24 and formula_25.


title: Spline interpolation

text: We wish to find each polynomial formula_26 given the points formula_2 through formula_3. To do this, we will consider just a single piece of the curve, formula_29, which will interpolate from formula_30 to formula_31. This piece will have slopes formula_32 and formula_33 at its endpoints. Or, more precisely,


title: Spline interpolation

text: Eventually, () together with () and () constitute linear equations that uniquely define the parameters .


title: Spline interpolation

text: There exist other end conditions, "clamped spline", which specifies the slope at the ends of the spline, and the popular "not-a-knot spline", which requires that the third derivative is also continuous at the and points.


title: Spline interpolation

text: In case of three points the values for formula_45 are found by solving the tridiagonal linear equation system


title: Hal Needham

text: Hal Brett Needham (March 6, 1931 – October 25, 2013) was an American stuntman, film director, actor, writer, and NASCAR team owner. He is best known for his frequent collaborations with actor Burt Reynolds, usually in films involving fast cars, such as "Smokey and the Bandit" (1977), "Hooper" (1978), "The Cannonball Run" (1981) and "Stroker Ace" (1983).


title: Hal Needham

text: In his later years, Needham moved out of stunt work, and focused his energy on the world land speed record project. In 2001, Needham received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards, and in 2012, he was awarded a Governors Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.


title: Hal Needham

text: Needham was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of Edith May (née Robinson) and Howard Needham. He was the youngest of three children. Raised in Arkansas and Missouri, Needham served in the United States Army as a paratrooper during the Korean War, worked as a treetopper (an arborist who performs tree topping services),


title: Hal Needham

text: and was a billboard model for Viceroy Cigarettes while beginning a career in Hollywood as a motion picture stuntman.


title: Hal Needham

text: Needham's first break was as the stunt double for actor Richard Boone on the popular TV western "Have Gun, Will Travel". Needham trained under John Wayne's stunt double Chuck Roberson and quickly became one of the top stuntmen of the 1960s on such films as "How the West Was Won", "The Bridge at Remagen", "McLintock!", "The War Lord", and "Little Big Man". He doubled regularly for Clint Walker and Burt Reynolds. Needham moved into stunt coordinating and directing second unit action, while designing and introducing air bags and other innovative equipment to the industry. Needham at one time lived in Reynolds' guesthouse for the better part of 12 years.


title: Hal Needham

text: In 1971, he and fellow stuntmen Glenn Wilder and Ronnie Rondell formed Stunts Unlimited. Needham had written a screenplay titled "Smokey and the Bandit" and his friend Reynolds offered him the chance to direct. The film was a huge hit, and the two followed it with "Hooper", "The Cannonball Run", and "Stroker Ace". Needham also directed the TV pilots "Stunts Unlimited" (1980) and "Stockers" (1981), neither of which was picked up as a series. His final theatrical release as director was the 1986 BMX film "Rad".


title: Hal Needham

text: In 1977, Gabriel Toys introduced the "Hal Needham Western Movie Stunt Set" complete with a cardboard old west saloon movie set, lights and props, a toy movie camera and a spring-launched Hal Needham action figure that would break through a balcony railing, land on breakaway table and chairs and crash through a window. They were only manufactured for a short time and have since become highly collectible.


title: Hal Needham

text: Needham moved out of stunt work, focusing his energy on the World Land Speed Record project that eventually became the Budweiser Rocket, driven by stuntman Stan Barrett. The team failed to set an officially sanctioned World land speed record with the vehicle, and their claims to have broken the sound barrier in 1979 have been heavily disputed. In the 1980s, he and Reynolds co-owned the Mach 1 Racing team, which fielded the Skoal Bandit No. 33 car in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series for Harry Gant.


title: Hal Needham

text: In 2001, Needham received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards. In 2012, he was awarded a Governors Award by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, where he was introduced by Quentin Tarantino.


title: Hal Needham

text: Needham and his relationship with Reynolds inspired the Cliff Booth/Rick Dalton friendship in Tarantino's 2019 film "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood".


title: Hal Needham

text: Needham died on October 25, 2013 in Los Angeles, California, aged 82, shortly after being diagnosed with cancer.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible. More than 90% of all heavy drinkers develop fatty liver whilst about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% liver cirrhosis.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: The mechanism of ALD is not completely understood. 80% of alcohol passes through the liver to be detoxified. Chronic consumption of alcohol results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8), oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and acetaldehyde toxicity. These factors cause inflammation, apoptosis and eventually fibrosis of liver cells. Why this occurs in only a few individuals is still unclear. Additionally, the liver has tremendous capacity to regenerate and even when 75% of hepatocytes are dead, it continues to function as normal.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Fatty change, or steatosis, is the accumulation of fatty acids in liver cells. These can be seen as fatty globules under the microscope. Alcoholism causes development of large fatty globules (macro-vesicular steatosis) throughout the liver and can begin to occur after a few days of heavy drinking. Alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) into acetaldehyde, then further metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) into acetic acid, which is finally oxidized into carbon dioxide () and water (). This process generates NADH, and increases the NADH/NAD+ ratio. A higher NADH concentration induces fatty acid synthesis while a decreased NAD level results in decreased fatty acid oxidation. Subsequently, the higher levels of fatty acids signal the liver cells to compound it to glycerol to form triglycerides. These triglycerides accumulate, resulting in fatty liver.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by the inflammation of hepatocytes. Between 10% and 35% of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis (NIAAA, 1993). While development of hepatitis is not directly related to the dose of alcohol, some people seem more prone to this reaction than others. This is called alcoholic steato-necrosis and the inflammation appears to predispose to liver fibrosis. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8) are thought to be essential in the initiation and perpetuation of liver injury and cytotoxic hepatomegaly by inducing apoptosis and severe hepatotoxicity. One possible mechanism for the increased activity of TNF-α is the increased intestinal permeability due to liver disease. This facilitates the absorption of the gut-produced endotoxin into the portal circulation. The Kupffer cells of the liver then phagocytose endotoxin, stimulating the release of TNF-α. TNF-α then triggers apoptotic pathways through the activation of caspases, resulting in cell death.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Cirrhosis is a late stage of serious liver disease marked by inflammation (swelling), fibrosis (cellular hardening) and damaged membranes preventing detoxification of chemicals in the body, ending in scarring and necrosis (cell death). Between 10% to 20% of heavy drinkers will develop cirrhosis of the liver (NIAAA, 1993). Acetaldehyde may be responsible for alcohol-induced fibrosis by stimulating collagen deposition by hepatic stellate cells. The production of oxidants derived from NADPH oxi- dase and/or cytochrome P-450 2E1 and the formation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts damage the cell membrane.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Symptoms include jaundice (yellowing), liver enlargement, and pain and tenderness from the structural changes in damaged liver architecture. Without total abstinence from alcohol use, cirrhosis will eventually lead to liver failure. Late complications of cirrhosis or liver failure include portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal vein due to the increased flow resistance through the damaged liver), coagulation disorders (due to impaired production of coagulation factors), ascites (heavy abdominal swelling due to buildup of fluids in the tissues) and other complications, including hepatic encephalopathy and the hepatorenal syndrome.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Cirrhosis can also result from other causes than hazardous alcohol use, such as viral hepatitis and heavy exposure to toxins other than alcohol. The late stages of cirrhosis may look similar medically, regardless of cause. This phenomenon is termed the "final common pathway" for the disease.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Fatty change and alcoholic hepatitis with abstinence can be reversible. The later stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis tend to be irreversible, but can usually be contained with abstinence for long periods of time.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: In the early stages, patients with ALD exhibit subtle and often no abnormal physical findings. It is usually not until development of advanced liver disease that stigmata of chronic liver disease become apparent. Early ALD is usually discovered during routine health examinations when liver enzyme levels are found to be elevated. These usually reflect alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis with inflammation are seen in liver biopsy specimens. These histologic features of ALD are indistinguishable from those of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Steatosis usually resolves after discontinuation of alcohol use. Continuation of alcohol use will result in a higher risk of progression of liver disease and cirrhosis. In patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, clinical manifestations include fever, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and possible hepatic decompensation with hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, and ascites accumulation. Tender hepatomegaly may be present, but abdominal pain is unusual. Occasionally, the patient may be asymptomatic.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: In people with alcoholic hepatitis, the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio is greater than 2:1. AST and ALT levels are almost always less than 500. The elevated AST to ALT ratio is due to deficiency of pyridoxal phosphate, which is required in the ALT enzyme synthetic pathway. Furthermore, alcohol metabolite–induced injury of hepatic mitochondria results in AST isoenzyme release. Other laboratory findings include red blood cell macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume > 100) and elevations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. Folate level is reduced in alcoholic patients due to decreased intestinal absorption, increased bone marrow requirement for folate in the presence of alcohol, and increased urinary loss. The magnitude of leukocytosis (white blood cell depletion) reflects severity of liver injury. Histologic features include Mallory bodies, giant mitochondria, hepatocyte necrosis, and neutrophil infiltration in the area around the veins. Mallory bodies, which are also present in other liver diseases, are condensations of cytokeratin components in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and do not contribute to liver injury. Up to 70% of patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis already have cirrhosis identifiable on biopsy examination at the time of diagnosis.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Not drinking further alcohol is the most important part of treatment. People with chronic HCV infection should abstain from any alcohol intake, due to the risk for rapid acceleration of liver disease.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: A 2006 Cochrane review did not find evidence sufficient for the use of androgenic anabolic steroids. Corticosteroids are sometimes used; however, this is recommended only when severe liver inflammation is present.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Silymarin has been investigated as a possible treatment, with ambiguous results. One review claimed benefit for S-adenosyl methionine in disease models.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: The effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor medications such as infliximab and etanercept are unclear and possibly harmful. Evidence is unclear for pentoxifylline. Propylthiouracil may result in harm.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: Although in rare cases liver cirrhosis is reversible, the disease process remains mostly irreversible. Liver transplantation remains the only definitive therapy. Today, survival after liver transplantation is similar for people with ALD and non-ALD. The requirements for transplant listing are the same as those for other types of liver disease, except for a 6-month sobriety prerequisite along with psychiatric evaluation and rehabilitation assistance. Specific requirements vary among the transplant centers. Relapse to alcohol use after transplant listing results in delisting. Re-listing is possible in many institutions, but only after 3–6 months of sobriety. There are limited data on transplant survival in patients transplanted for acute alcoholic hepatitis, but it is believed to be similar to that in nonacute ALD, non-ALD, and alcoholic hepatitis with MDF less than 32.


title: Alcoholic liver disease

text: The prognosis for people with ALD depends on the liver histology as well as cofactors, such as concomitant chronic viral hepatitis. Among patients with alcoholic hepatitis, progression to liver cirrhosis occurs at 10–20% per year, and 70% will eventually develop cirrhosis. Despite cessation of alcohol use, only 10% will have normalization of histology and serum liver enzyme levels. As previously noted, the MDF has been used to predict short-term mortality (i.e., MDF ≥ 32 associated with spontaneous survival of 50–65% without corticosteroid therapy, and MDF < 32 associated with spontaneous survival of 90%). The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has also been found to have similar predictive accuracy in 30-day (MELD > 11) and 90-day (MELD > 21) mortality. Liver cirrhosis develops in 6–14% of those who consume more than 60–80 g of alcohol daily for men and more than 20 g daily for women. Even in those who drink more than 120 g daily, only 13.5% will experience a serious alcohol-related liver injury. Nevertheless, alcohol-related mortality was the third leading cause of death in 2003 in the United States. Worldwide mortality is estimated to be 150,000 per year.


title: Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

text: The Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (IAST: ) is an elected Member of Lok Sabha who leads the official opposition in the Lower House of the Parliament of India. The Leader of the Opposition is the parliamentary chairperson of the largest political party in the Lok Sabha that is not in government (provided that said political party has at least 10% of the seats in the Lok Sabha). The post is vacant since 26 May 2014, as no opposition party has 10% Seats.


title: Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

text: In Lok Sabha until 1969, there was de facto opposition leader with no formal recognition, status or privilege. Later, the leader of the opposition was given official recognition and their salary and allowances was extended by the Act, 1977. Since then, the leader in the Lok Sabha should satisfy three conditions, namely,


title: Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

text: In December 1969, the Congress Party (O) was recognised as the main opposition party in the parliament while its leader, Ram Subhag Singh plays the role of opposition leader.


title: Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

text: The Lok Sabha did not recognise an official Leader of the Opposition until 1969. The position was also vacant between 1980 and 1989 and at present, since 2014.


title: Madeline

text: Madeline is a media franchise that originated as a series of children's books written and illustrated by Ludwig Bemelmans, an Austrian-American author. The books have been adapted into numerous formats, spawning telefilms, television series and a live action feature film. As a closing line, the adaptations invoke a famous phrase Ethel Barrymore used to rebuff curtain calls, "That's all there is, there isn't any more." The stories take place in a Catholic boarding school in Paris. The teacher, a nun named Miss Clavel, is strict but loves the children, cares for them, and is open to their ideas.


title: Madeline

text: Much of the media starts with the line "In an old house in Paris that was covered in vines, lived twelve little girls in two straight lines ..." The stories often are written entirely in rhyme, include simple themes of daily life, and the playful but harmless mischief of Madeline, which appeal to children and parents alike. Most of the books have several recurring themes, such as Miss Clavel turning on the light and saying: "Something is not right."


title: Madeline

text: "Madeline" was written by Ludwig Bemelmans and published in 1939. Bemelmans wrote five sequels between 1953 and 1961. Later books in the series were written by Bemelmans' grandson John Bemelmans Marciano. The books focus on 12 girls in a Catholic boarding school in Paris. Madeline is the smallest of the girls, only seven years old and the only girl with red hair. She is the bravest and most outgoing of the girls. The images seem classical and show scenery and landmarks of the location where the story takes place such as the Eiffel Tower and the Seine River.


title: Madeline

text: In the first book, Madeline gets sick, is taken to the hospital, has her appendix removed, and all the gifts she has received cause the other girls to become envious. In "Madeline's Rescue" she falls into the Seine River and brings back the dog that saved her life. In "Madeline and the Bad Hat" she meets Pepito, the son of the Spanish Ambassador to France, and works to convince him to change his naughty ways.


title: Madeline

text: Dell Comics published a Four Color Comics issue in 1942 titled "Ludwig Bemelman's Madeline and Genevieve".


title: Madeline

text: The earliest appearance in the cinema was in the 1952 animated short "Madeline", produced by United Productions of America (UPA) and directed by Bob Cannon. It was nominated for the 1952 Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons), but lost to Tom and Jerry's 75th cartoon "Johann Mouse".


title: Madeline

text: In 1959, William L. Snyder's Rembrandt Films produced animated adaptations of "Madeline's Rescue", "Madeline and the Bad Hat", and "Madeline and the Gypsies" for the educational film market. The latter two were featured, along with other similar adaptations of children's books, in Snyder and Gene Deitch's 1966 theatrical feature "Alice of Wonderland in Paris".


title: Madeline

text: A live-action feature adaptation of "Madeline", shot in France by Jaffilms but produced in England with predominantly British accents, was released in 1998 by TriStar Pictures. It starred Hatty Jones as the title character, Frances McDormand as Miss Clavel, and a supporting cast with British actors Ben Daniels and Nigel Hawthorne. Its script encompassed the plots of four of the books. Original music was composed by Michel Legrand and Carly Simon sang the theme song "In Two Straight Lines". It was directed by Daisy Mayer. The 1998 live action version significantly differed from the TV series and the main book continuity. The filming location of the boarding house and neighbouring Spanish Ambassador's house, can be found at Avenue du Colifichet, Croissy-sur-Seine, although both houses are now obscured by hedging and fencing.


title: Madeline

text: In 1960, the Madeline stories were adapted to a one-hour color episode for the NBC series "The Shirley Temple Show". In 1988, DIC Enterprises adapted the first book into an animated television special for HBO. Between 1990 and 1991, Cinar and France animation produced animated adaptations of the other five original books for The Family Channel, In 1993, DIC produced a "Madeline" television series of twenty episodes, which also aired on the Family Channel, and in 1995, an additional 13 episodes were produced by DIC for ABC, under the title "The New Adventures of Madeline". Between 2000 and 2001, DIC produced 26 episodes for Disney Channel. It features songs written by Andy Street and Judy Rothman. Arguably, this rendition gave the characters their iconic designs.


title: Madeline

text: Madeline audiobooks have been appearing since the early 1970s as vinyl records. The record typically consists of a mixture of stories and songs.


title: Madeline

text: The first soundtrack for the TV series was "Madeline's Favorite Songs", released in 1995. It contains 16 tracks of music composed by Joe Raposo or Jeffrey Zahn with lyrics by Judy Rothman from the DIC and Cinar specials. The second soundtrack, "Hats off to Madeline", was released in 1996. It contained 17 tracks of music from the 1993 and 1995 episodes with music by Andy Street and lyrics by Judy Rothman. In 2002, the latest Madeline soundtrack to date, "Sing-A-Long With Madeline", was released, featuring 27 tracks of music from the 2001 episodes and they were also written by Andy Street and Judy Rothman.


title: Madeline

text: Between 1995 and 1999, ten Madeline-themed educational point-and-click computer games were released by various developers.


title: Madeline

text: Madeline toys were initially produced by Eden Toys LLC, since acquired by Learning Curve. Most popular during the 1990s was a Madeline rag doll, with a signature half-smile and scar from the appendectomy that corresponds with the story from the book. Eden's Madeline Doll House received the Toy of the Year Award for Best Specialty Toy at the first annual Toy Of The Year Awards in 2000.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is most commonly depicted as using the codename Marvel Boy.


title: Noh-Varr

text: He first appears in "Marvel Boy" #1 (Aug. 2000) and was created by writer Grant Morrison and artist J.G. Jones. He later appeared in the "" and the "" limited series. After his appearance in "Secret Invasion", he joined the Dark Avengers as Captain Marvel. He was a member of the main Avengers team as Protector. As Marvel Boy he was a part of the Young Avengers, West Coast Avengers and Guardians of the Galaxy.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Since his debut, Noh-Varr has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful male heroes portrayed as a queer sex symbol.


title: Noh-Varr

text: "Marvel Boy" was a six-issue limited series published from August 2000 to March 2001, as part of the experimental Marvel Knights line. The series was written by Grant Morrison, illustrated by J.G. Jones (with Sean Parsons) and colored by Matt Milla of Avalon Studios. In a 2000 interview, Morrison described their stylistic intentions for the book:


title: Noh-Varr

text: Following his own mini, he was featured in "" and the "". He took a big part in the finale of the Secret Invasion, which leads into his new role as Captain Marvel in the "Dark Avengers" title. The writer Brian Michael Bendis has said "what he represents is Norman can put an alien on the team, whose [sic] one of the Anti-Skrulls. It's like, 'You hate Skrulls? Well this guy kills Skrulls for a living! He came to our planet to kill Skrulls!'." He appeared as a regular character in the "Dark Avengers" series from issue #1-6.


title: Noh-Varr

text: In the Dark Avengers Annual, Noh-Varr changed his codename to the Protector. As Protector, he appeared as a regular character in the 2010-2013 "Avengers" series, from issue #2 (August 2010) through his dismissal from the team in issue #27 (August 2012) during the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr appeared as Marvel Boy in the 2013 "Young Avengers" series by Kieron Gillen and Jamie McKelvie where he begins to date Kate Bishop and reveals that, like the majority of the team, he is "not completely straight".


title: Noh-Varr

text: Marvel Boy starred alongside the Inhumans in 2017's "Royals" written by Al Ewing and drawn by Jonboy Meyers.


title: Noh-Varr

text: In 2019, he returned in the third volume of the "West Coast Avengers", he met the team while he was masquerading as Graviton, who was a member of the Masters of Evil, he would aid the team and eventually join them in the last story-arc. It was written by Kelly Thompson It was during this run that it was confirmed Noh-Varr is bisexual, since he started dating Kate Bishop's former boyfriend and teammate, Fuse.


title: Noh-Varr

text: In 2020, Marvel Boy was featured as a member of a new Guardians of the Galaxy team alongside Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, Moondragon, Phyla-Vell, Hercules and Nova.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr serves as an ensign aboard the 18th Kree Diplomatic Gestalt interstellar schooner the "Marvel", which traverses millions of alternate dimensions on its way home. The ship is drawn toward the Marvel Universe and shot down by the forces of Doctor Midas, a multi-trillionaire obsessed with gaining powers through the absorption of cosmic rays. Midas blasts the "Marvel" out of the sky in an attempt to acquire the ship's cosmic ray-powered engines. His friends and comrades killed, Noh-Varr emerges as the only survivor.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr then encounters the sentient corporation known as "Hexus". Accidentally released from a containment cell when the "Marvel" crashed, "Hexus" begins to take over world-wide commerce in an attempt to subjugate the human population and ultimately control Earth. Noh-Varr invades the control center of Hexus and ultimately destroys the "social parasite" by releasing all of its trade secrets to its competitors.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr finds himself pursued by Doctor Midas and his minions, and upon striking an alliance with Midas' daughter Oubliette, Noh-Varr defeats the megalomaniac. After the battle, agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. capture Noh-Varr and incarcerate him in a seemingly inescapable prison known as the Cube. While in custody, Noh-Varr declares war on Earth and the human race.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr at one stage gets the attention of the Illuminati. Its members: Professor X, Mister Fantastic, Black Bolt, Iron Man, Doctor Strange, and Namor are worried about the fact Noh-Varr has declared war on the entire planet and try to change his mind. They visit him at the Cube in the form of a mental projection, and speak to him in turn, explaining the legacy of Captain Marvel and telling Noh-Varr that he can choose to live as a hero or spend the rest of his life in The Cube. They ultimately leave him with the choice and tell him to earn his way out. ("Illuminati" #1)


title: Noh-Varr

text: After being released for his mission by the cruel warden of the Cube, Noh-Varr brutally subdues the Runaways and the Young Avengers. When the warden of the Cube feels the mission has finished successfully, he orders Noh-Varr's retrieval. As the Young Avengers and the Runaways assault the Cube, he engages them in battle. After a brief fight, Noh-Varr is defeated and the Vision reverses the Cube's mental control over him. He is seen taking control of the Cube, declaring it to be the capital city of the new Kree Empire.


title: Noh-Varr

text: When the alien virus the Skrulls upload releases all the prisoners within the Cube, Noh-Varr announces that it is "time to go." Later, while escaping on a stolen S.H.I.E.L.D. minijet, he's stopped by a dying Khn'nr. At first mistaking him for the original Captain Marvel, Noh-Varr stops to listen to his final words, as Khn'nr appoints him as the new Protector of the Earth, spurring him to fill in the role once covered by Mar-Vell himself, and stop the Skrulls, perceived as liars and honorless beings. Noh-Varr is left shaken by the revelation, after witnessing the dying Khn'nr reverting to his alien Skrull appearance.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Finally deciding to take a side in the war, Noh-Varr uses the solar energies of Captain Marvel's Nega-Bands, causing a huge explosion in the middle of the battle in New York. Then he declares to the Skrull army that their invasion is over.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr is told by Norman Osborn that he is a war hero and he wants him to be who he truly is. He is recruited to Norman Osborn's Avengers team, and takes on the mantle of the new Captain Marvel.


title: Noh-Varr

text: When the Church of Hala branch in Charleston, South Carolina commit mass suicide due to Noh-Varr taking Captain Marvel's name, Carol Danvers goes to investigate. While looking around, she finds Noh-Varr in an alley behind the church. After Carol tries to attack Nor-Varr twice and blames him for what the church has done in the original Captain Marvel's name, he explains that the Captain Marvel they founded this church for was a Skrull and he died in his arms, claiming his love for this world and her people and asked he protect this world from those who wish to harm it. Carol does not believe it and Noh-Varr flies away, telling her to believe what she will and to remember this meeting, because he never threw a punch.


title: Noh-Varr

text: After their first mission Noh-Varr shows an attraction to teammate Ms. Marvel, which is noticed by teammate Ares, much to his amusement. The team then decide to relax in the Avengers Tower once they have returned. In the evening, Noh-Varr is walking back to his room from a shower, when Karla invites him into her room. After having sex with Noh-Varr, Karla turns on the television, telling him she wanted to see how Norman would explain why his "Avengers" are full of criminals. Noh-Varr is shocked at the news that the rest of his teammates are all criminals pretending to be heroes. He then goes missing.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Since abandoning the team, Noh-Varr has kept a low profile in order to elude the Dark Avengers and has been trying to determine what his role is while he is living on Earth. In "Dark Reign: The List - Wolverine", it is revealed that one of Noh-Varr's missions as a Dark Avenger was to capture the World facility. He goes to Wolverine and warns him of Osborn's plan and together, they take the World facility from Osborn's grasp, leaving it in the hands of Fantomex. Later, Noh-Varr befriends a young woman named Annie at the same time he is found by the Sentry, who has come to take him back to Osborn. A battle ensues in the middle of Manhattan with Noh-Varr on the verge of losing when Annie intervenes and fires on the Sentry with one of Noh-Varr's Kree weapons, distracting him. Noh-Varr flees and returns to an abandoned building where he has been building a Kree communicator to contact the Kree Supreme Intelligence.


title: Noh-Varr

text: In "Dark Avengers" Annual #1, a holographic message sent by the Supreme Intelligence tells Noh-Varr that the actions of the Skrulls during Secret Invasion have left Earth in more danger than ever before and that Noh-Varr is the planet's new protector. The Supreme Intelligence then grants him the power needed to carry out his mission in the form of a set of Nega-Bands, more advanced than the ones worn by Captain Marvel. The bands also provide him with a new costume and prevent the Dark Avengers from detecting his presence. After finding Annie and thanking her for her help, he teleports away. Unbeknown to Noh-Varr however, he was being observed by Captain America (Bucky) and Steve Rogers, who are trying to determine if he could be a potential ally against Osborn.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr later appears as the new costumed hero, Protector, in the back matter of "Ms. Marvel" vol. 2 #50. Taking place after an undefined amount of time after the events of "Dark Avengers" Annual #1, Noh-Varr and Annie are seen traveling together. An unidentified female, wearing hi-tech battle armor, from the future has located Noh-Varr and time slips in to "test" Noh-Varr. Noh-Varr transforms into the Protector and battles the female. The female realizes she has met a younger and weaker Protector than expected and before killing the civilians is knocked aside by Protector. The now unmasked assailant is revealed to be an older Annie, telling Noh-Varr "it will all make sense... someday" before locking onto another Noh-Varr and time slipping out.


title: Noh-Varr

text: Noh-Varr is recruited into the Avengers team to help them build a time machine to save the future. Tony Stark attempts to hire him due to his vast knowledge in order to 'unleash his alien mind onto the world', which Noh-Varr turns down, having vowed to keep the secrets of Kree technology out of the economy of Earth. Within a short time, Noh-Varr creates a time-space continuum viewer which allows the Avengers to view myriad possible futures, including MC2, Marvel 2099, Days of Future Past and Age of Apocalypse, before seeing the timestream collapse. Noh-Varr then helps the Avengers fight off an angry Wonder Man, who is convinced the reformation of Avengers is a mistake. Shortly afterwards, they are then attacked by a time-lost future Apocalypse and his four horsemen, which consists of corrupted heroes including the Scarlet Witch, Spider-Man, and Wolverine. In the aftermath, Noh-Varr manages to calm down Spider-Man, who is bemoaning his possible future, with a joke before he heads off with some of the team to build a new time machine. Having traveled to the future with Wolverine, Captain America, and Iron Man, they are promptly defeated by a possible future team of Avengers, and taken to their leader Maestro, who is happy to see them, as he is working with a future version of Tony Stark.


title: Noh-Varr

text: During the Fear Itself storyline, Noh-Varr arrives in Brazil with Spider-Woman and Ms. Marvel to help Red She-Hulk fight the Hulk, who was transformed into Nul: Breaker of Worlds.