title: Andrea Thompson

text: Thompson moved on to join the cast of "JAG" midseason as Commander Alison Krennick, an aide to the Judge Advocate General of the Navy and direct supervisor of Harmon Rabb. She was among several actors who left the show when it was canceled by NBC after one season before CBS picked it up. She then went on to play Detective Jill Kirkendall on four seasons of crime drama "NYPD Blue", leaving in April 2000 to pursue a career in journalism.


title: Andrea Thompson

text: Thompson started to prepare for her journalism career in 1999, by earning her GED and working for one year with Jack Hubbard, associate director of Stanford University's News Service and a veteran journalist of CBS News. During this time, she also took a writing seminar with KGO-TV's feature reporter Wayne Freedman.


title: Andrea Thompson

text: She began her work with CBS affiliate KRQE in Albuquerque, New Mexico as a general assignment reporter for $26,000 per year.


title: Andrea Thompson

text: Thompson joined "CNN Headline News" as an evening anchor in June 2001. CNN had laid off 400 of 4,000 employees in January, and was refocusing on personalities to draw in younger viewers. Her first words on-screen as reporter were "Hi, I'm Andrea Thompson, and unless you've been living in a cave, you probably already know that." Her hiring generated controversy in journalism circles, mostly because Thompson had just one year of journalism experience. Nude pictures and videoclips of Thompson taken from her 1980s-era movies also began circulating on the Internet, causing some embarrassment for CNN. Thompson left the network in March 2002. During an appearance in January 2003, she made a statement indicating she left CNN because she disagreed with the way the news was handled, "Basically... you just give the viewers enough to scare the hell out of them, and not any real valuable information. And we saw so much of that after Sept. 11 that I thought was, frankly, irresponsible."


title: Andrea Thompson

text: After leaving CNN, she went to work for Court TV, introducing episodes of" NYPD Blue" and "Forensic Files", as well as narrating the documentary series "The System". She began hosting "Psychic Detectives" in 2003.


title: Andrea Thompson

text: Thompson had a recurring guest role as Doctor Nicole Duncan on the third season of the television series "24", first appearing on that show in November 2003.


title: Andrea Thompson

text: In 2009, she played Field Agent Anne Hudson in "Outfoxed", a season five episode of the series "Criminal Minds".


title: Andrea Thompson

text: Thompson was married to David Guc from 1987 to 1990, and to "Babylon 5" costar Jerry Doyle from 1995 to 1997. In 1992 she gave birth to her son Alec.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: David Mackenzie Ogilvy (; 23 June 1911 – 21 July 1999) was a British advertising tycoon, founder of Ogilvy & Mather, and known as the "Father of Advertising". Trained at the Gallup research organisation, he attributed the success of his campaigns to meticulous research into consumer habits. His most famous campaigns include Rolls-Royce, Dove soap, and Hathaway shirts.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: David Mackenzie Ogilvy was born on 23 June 1911 at West Horsley, Surrey in England. His mother was Dorothy Blew Fairfield (1881-1942), daughter of Arthur Rowan Fairfield, a civil servant from Ireland. His father, Francis John Longley Ogilvy, (1866-1943) was a stockbroker.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: He was a first cousin once removed of the writer Rebecca West and of Douglas Holden Blew Jones, who was the brother-in-law of Freda Dudley Ward and the father-in-law of Antony Lambton, 6th Earl of Durham. Ogilvy attended St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne, on reduced fees because of his father's straitened circumstances and won a scholarship at age thirteen to Fettes College, in Edinburgh. In 1929, he again won a scholarship, this time in history, to Christ Church, Oxford. Without the scholarships, Ogilvy would not have been able to attend Fettes or Oxford University because his father's business was badly hit by the depression of the mid-1920s. His studies were not successful, however, and he left Oxford for Paris in 1931 where he became an apprentice chef in the Hotel Majestic. After a year, he returned to Scotland and started selling AGA cooking stoves, door-to-door. His success at this marked him out to his employer, who asked him to write an instruction manual, "The Theory and Practice of Selling the AGA Cooker", for the other salesmen. Thirty years later, "Fortune" magazine editors called it the finest sales instruction manual ever written.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: After seeing the manual, Ogilvy's older brother Francis Ogilvy—the father of actor Ian Ogilvy—showed the manual to management at the London advertising agency Mather & Crowther where he was working. They offered the younger Ogilvy a position as an account executive.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: In 1938, Ogilvy persuaded his agency to send him to the United States for a year, where he went to work for George Gallup's Audience Research Institute in New Jersey. Ogilvy cites Gallup as one of the major influences on his thinking, emphasizing meticulous research methods and adherence to reality.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: During World War II, Ogilvy worked for the British Intelligence Service at the British embassy in Washington, DC. There he analysed and made recommendations on matters of diplomacy and security. According to a biography produced by Ogilvy & Mather, "he extrapolated his knowledge of human behaviour from consumerism to nationalism in a report which suggested 'applying the Gallup technique to fields of secret intelligence. Eisenhower's Psychological Warfare Board picked up the report and successfully put Ogilvy's suggestions to work in Europe during the last year of the war.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Also during World War II David Ogilvy was a notable alumnus of the secret Camp X, located near the towns of Whitby and Oshawa in Ontario, Canada. According to an article on the camp: "It was there he mastered the power of propaganda before becoming king of Madison Avenue. Although Ogilvy was trained in sabotage and close combat, he was ultimately tasked with projects that included successfully ruining the reputation of businessmen who were supplying the Nazis with industrial materials."


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: After the war, Ogilvy bought a farm in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and lived among the Amish. The atmosphere of "serenity, abundance, and contentment" kept Ogilvy and his wife in Pennsylvania for several years, but eventually he admitted his limitations as a farmer and moved to Manhattan.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Having worked as a chef, researcher, and farmer, Ogilvy now started his own advertising agency with the backing of Mather and Crowther, the London agency being run by his elder brother, Francis, which later acquired another London agency, S.H. Benson. The new agency in New York was called Ogilvy, Benson, and Mather. David Ogilvy had just $6,000 ($59,726.72 in 2016 dollars) in his account when he started the agency. He writes in "Confessions of an Advertising Man" that, initially, he struggled to get clients. Ogilvy also admitted (referring to the pioneer of British advertising Bobby Bevan, the chairman of Benson): "I was in awe of him but Bevan never took notice of me!" They would meet later, however.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Ogilvy & Mather was built on David Ogilvy's principles; in particular, that the function of advertising is to sell and that successful advertising for any product is based on information about its consumer. He disliked advertisements that had loud patronizing voices, and believed a customer should be treated as intelligent. In 1955, he coined the phrase, "The customer is not a moron, she's your wife" based on these values.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: His entry into the company of giants started with several iconic advertising campaigns; former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt did a commercial for Good Luck Margarine in 1959. In his autobiography, "Ogilvy on Advertising", he said it had been a mistake to persuade her to do the ad – not because it was undignified, but because he had grown to realize that putting celebs in ads is a mistake.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: ""The man in the Hathaway shirt"" with his aristocratic eye patch which used George Wrangel as model; ""The man from Schweppes is here"" introduced Commander Edward Whitehead, the elegant bearded Brit, bringing Schweppes (and "Schweppervescence") to the U.S.; a famous headline in the automobile business, ""At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock"";


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Ogilvy believed that the best way to get new clients was to do notable work for his existing clients. Success in his early campaigns helped Ogilvy get big clients such as Rolls-Royce and Shell. New clients followed and Ogilvy's company grew quickly. He was widely hailed as the "Father of Advertising". In 1962, "Time" called him "the most sought-after wizard in today's advertising industry".


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: In 1973, Ogilvy retired as chairman of Ogilvy & Mather and moved to Touffou, his estate in France. While no longer involved in the agency's day-to-day operations, he stayed in touch with the company. His correspondence so dramatically increased the volume of mail handled in the nearby town of Bonnes that the post office was reclassified at a higher status and the postmaster's salary raised. The film "The View From Touffou" was made at the estate; in it, Ogilvy recounts his advertising guidelines.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Ogilvy came out of retirement in the 1980s to serve as chairman of Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather in India. He also spent a year acting as temporary chairman of the agency's German office, commuting weekly between Touffou and Frankfurt. He visited branches of the company around the world, and continued to represent Ogilvy & Mather at


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: In 1989, The Ogilvy Group was bought by WPP Group, a British parent company, for $864 million (US) in a hostile takeover made possible by the fact that the company group had made an IPO as the first company in marketing to do so.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: During the takeover procedures, Sir Martin Sorrell, the founder of WPP, was described by Ogilvy as an "odious little shit", and he promised to never work again. (Reports softened it to "odious little jerk", and when Martin Sorrell signed his next company report, he followed the signature with the letters OLJ.) Two events followed simultaneously, however: WPP became the largest marketing communications firm in the world, and David Ogilvy was named the company's non-executive chairman (a position he held for three years). Eventually he became a fan of Sorrell. A letter of apology from Ogilvy adorns Sorrell's office, which is said to be the only apology David Ogilvy ever offered in any form during his adult life. Only a year after his derogatory comments about Sorrell, he was quoted as saying, "When he tried to take over our company, I would liked to have killed him. But it was not legal. I wish I had known him 40 years ago. I like him enormously now."


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: At age seventy-five, Ogilvy was asked if there was anything he'd always wanted but had somehow eluded him. His reply was, "Knighthood. And a big family - ten children." His only child, David Fairfield Ogilvy, was born during his first marriage, to Melinda Street. That marriage ended in divorce (1955) as did a second marriage to Anne Cabot. Ogilvy married Herta Lans in France during 1973.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: Ogilvy was appointed Commander of the Order of British Empire (CBE) in the 1967 Birthday Honours. He was elected to the U.S. Advertising Hall of Fame in 1977 and to France's Order of Arts and Letters in 1990. He chaired the Public Participation Committee for Lincoln Center in Manhattan and served as a member of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's 100th Anniversary Committee. He was appointed Chairman of the United Negro College Fund in 1968, and trustee on the Executive Council of the World Wildlife Fund in 1975. Mr. Ogilvy was inducted into the Junior Achievement Worldwide Global Business Hall of Fame in 1979.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: His book "Confessions of an Advertising Man" is a book on advertising. His book "Ogilvy on Advertising" is a general commentary on advertising. His book "The Unpublished David Ogilvy" publishes selections from his private papers.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: The film was made at his estate Château de Touffou in Bonnes, France. In the film, he recounts his life in advertising and gives his advice, principles, and guidelines for his advertising campaigns and strategies.


title: David Ogilvy (businessman)

text: While Ogilvy was most famous for building and establishing brands, he was primarily interested in direct marketing. He initially built his agency using a direct mail promotion. He ran direct response advertisements in major newspapers to generate leads. In a video titled, "We Sell or Else", he praised direct marketers and direct marketing while pillorying "general" or branding advertising, at one point saying that branding people "worship at the altar of creativity."


title: Pomace

text: Pomace ( ), or marc (; from French "marc" ), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.


title: Pomace

text: Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.


title: Pomace

text: "Pomace" is derived from the Latin "pomum" (fruit and fruit tree). The English were the first to use the term "pomace" to refer to the byproduct of cider production.


title: Pomace

text: In the Middle Ages, pomace wine with a low alcohol content of three or four percent was widely available. This wine was made by adding water to pomace and then fermenting it. Generally, medieval wines were not fermented to dryness; consequently the pomace would retain some residual sugar after fermenting.


title: Pomace

text: The ancient Greeks and Romans used pomace to create a wine that later became known as "piquette" in France and Graspia or Vin Piccolo in Veneto. This was an inferior wine normally given to slaves and common workers. After the wine grapes had been pressed twice, the pomace was soaked in water for a day and pressed for a third time. The resulting liquid was mixed with more water to produce a thin, weak and thirst-quenching wine.


title: Pomace

text: Apple pomace is often used to produce pectin and can be used to make ciderkin, a weak cider, as well as white cider, a strong and colourless alcoholic drink.


title: Pomace

text: Grape pomace is used to produce pomace brandy and piquette. Most wine-producing cultures began making some type of pomace brandy after the principles of distillation were understood.


title: Pomace

text: In red wine production, pomace is produced after the free run juice (the juice created before pressing by the weight of gravity) is poured off, leaving behind dark blackish-red debris consisting of grape skins and stems. The color of red wine is derived from skin contact during the maceration period, which sometimes includes partial fermentation. The resulting pomace is more alcoholic and tannic than pomace produced from white wine production. Pomace from the Italian wine Amarone is macerated in Valpolicella wine to produce Ripasso.


title: Pomace

text: In white wine production, grapes are quickly pressed after crushing to avoid skin contact with pomace as a byproduct of the pressing. The resulting debris is a pale, greenish-brown color and contains more residual sugars than it contains tannins and alcohol. This is the pomace normally used in brandy production.


title: Pomace

text: Pomace is produced in large quantities in wine production, making its disposal an important environmental consideration. Some wineries use the material as fertilizer, while others are selling it to biogas companies for renewable energy. As envisioned, pomace would be introduced into anaerobic digesters that contain microorganisms that aid in its decomposition and produce methane gas that could be burnt to generate power.


title: Pomace

text: Specific polyphenols in red wine pomace may be beneficial for dental hygiene. A study conducted at the Eastman Dental Center found that these polyphenols interfere with "Streptococcus mutans", the bacterium in the mouth that causes tooth decay. Professor Hyun Koo, the lead researcher of the study, hoped as of 2008 to isolate these polyphenols to produce new mouthwashes that will help protect against cavities.


title: Pomace

text: Grape pomace is also used in the oil and gas industry as a lost circulation material in oil-based drilling muds due to the pomace being fibrous and tannin-rich.


title: Pomace

text: A 2004 study conducted by Erciyes University in Turkey found that pomace can also act as a natural food preservative that interferes with "E. coli", "Salmonella" and "Staphylococcus" bacteria. Researchers pulverised the dried pomace from the white Turkish wine grape Emir Karasi and red Kalecik Karasi grapes; this was mixed with ethyl acetate, methanol or water and exposed to 14 different types of food bacteria. All 14 bacteria were inhibited to some degree by the pomace – depending on the grape variety and the concentration of the extract. The red wine Kalecik Karasi grape was the most effective; the researchers believed this was due to the higher concentration of polyphenols in red wine grape skins.


title: Pomace

text: Oenocyanin, a natural red dye and food-coloring agent, is produced from grape pomace. Tartrates (potassium bitartrate, 'cream of tartar') and grape polyphenols can also be manufactured from grape pomace.


title: Pomace

text: Apple pomace has long been a traditional feed for various kinds of livestock. The use of grape pomace as livestock feed is encouraged in order to reduce the release of grape processing residues in the environment, which can lead to serious pollution.


title: Pomace

text: Apple pomace was used, in conjunction with whey, to flavor the first iteration of Fanta soft drink in Germany during World War II. This was done because wartime embargoes limited Coca-Cola of Germany's ability to import and manufacture the American beverage.


title: Pomace

text: According to the Canadian "Food and Drug Regulations", pomace can be a potable alcoholic distillate or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates obtained by distilled skin and pulp of sound ripe fruit after removal of the fruit juice, wine or fruit wine. Pomace may contain caramel, fruit, botanical substances, flavoring and flavoring preparations. Pomace may be described on its label as "(name of the fruit) Pomace" or "(name of the fruit) Marc" if all of the skin and pulp of the fruit used to make the pomace originate from the particular fruit.


title: Smart Guy

text: Smart Guy is an American sitcom television series centering on the exploits of child prodigy T.J. Henderson (Tahj Mowry), who moves from being an elementary school student in the fourth grade to a high school student in the tenth grade, attending the same school as his two elder siblings Yvette and Marcus. Created by Danny Kallis, the series ran for three seasons on The WB from March 26, 1997, to May 16, 1999. The series was produced by de Passe Entertainment and Danny Kallis Productions, in association with Walt Disney Television. In an interview in September 2020, Mowry confirmed that a revival of the show was in the works.


title: Smart Guy

text: Set in Washington, D.C., the show centers on the misadventures of boy genius and youngest child T.J. Henderson (Tahj Mowry), who at the age of 10 moves from elementary school and gets transferred to Piedmont High School, where he ends up becoming a high school freshman with teenagers as his classmates. He must adjust to the life with older, but not necessarily wiser, high school teenagers – including his brother Marcus (Jason Weaver) and Marcus' best friend Mo (Omar Gooding). Episodes typically deal with T.J.'s missteps of trying to fit in as a kid genius, while being a small kid in high school, as well as the contrast between his smarts and his brother's underachieving nature.


title: Smart Guy

text: Older brother Marcus Henderson, the sophomore suave and underachieving middle child, also deals with teenage problems, such as finding a date and doing homework (though he sometimes tries to get T.J. to do his homework for him). Their father Floyd Henderson (John Marshall Jones), a widowed single father who owns his own roofing business, deals with the problems of raising his three kids: Yvette, Marcus and T.J., since his wife's death. Floyd's only daughter, and Marcus and T.J.'s older sister Yvette (Essence Atkins), usually is the level-headed member of the family – similar to Floyd in that respect – and is the typical overachieving student.


title: Smart Guy

text: The lead character (played by Tahj Mowry), T.J. Henderson (whose full first and middle name were not revealed) is the youngest child in his family, portrayed as 10 to 11 years old in seasons 1 and 2, and 12 in season 3. As the show's title suggests, T.J. exhibits exceptional intelligence with an IQ of 180, knows several different languages and has a photographic memory. He skips six grades from 4th to 10th grade due to his intelligence, after his teachers at his old school discovered that T.J. was not feeling challenged enough by a 4th grade curriculum. Outside of the occasional moments of awkwardness that are bound to occur when a child interacts with high schoolers, T.J. has a peaceable existence in the school, and is eager to be involved in school functions: so much so, that he becomes the mascot for his school basketball team ("Pugnacious Pete, the Powerful Piedmont Penguin"), which leads to some abusive bullying.


title: Smart Guy

text: T.J. is later promoted to being the equipment manager for the Piedmont High Penguins basketball team. He spends a fair amount of time at school with his older brother, Marcus, and his brother's best friend, Mo Tibbs. Although they have some tense moments, the two brothers, who share a bedroom throughout the series, care for each other deeply. Though T.J. spends much of his time around teenagers, he is occasionally seen spending time with kids his own age, which occasionally results in his attempts to try to fit in with them in situations where he feels out of place. T.J. plays keyboard for Marcus' band Mackadocious in several episodes, after one of the group's other members breaks his finger in an accident (he also briefly served as the band's manager in the season three episode "Achy Breaky Heart").


title: Smart Guy

text: Played by Jason Weaver, the character of Marcus Henderson is T.J.'s older brother and the second-oldest child in the Henderson family (behind sister Yvette). He is a fairly popular student at Piedmont High and reacts remarkably well to his younger brother sharing nearly every one of his classes, although tensions do arise from time to time (this is especially true in the pilot episode, to the point where he tells T.J. that he wishes that his younger brother would disappear from his life). He gets average or below average grades, simply because he does not apply himself. He is a forward on his school's basketball team and has several love interests throughout the run of the show, none of which are seen for more than one episode. He is also the lead vocalist for the band which he created, Mackadocious, in which his best friend Mo is the bassist and T.J. is the keyboardist.


title: Smart Guy

text: Played by Essence Atkins, the character of Tasha Yvette Henderson – who is generally referred to by her middle name – is the older sister of Marcus and T.J. and the only daughter of Floyd Henderson. She is in the eleventh grade in season one and graduates high school at the end of season three. Yvette is intelligent, is usually level-headed, is a women's rights activist and has a passion for art, including drama, photography and dancing. She is also the editor of the school newspaper, "The Penguin" (a position that is the partial basis of "Stop the Presses", in which T.J. decides to start his own newspaper – "The Weekly Veritas", which he abruptly switches from a hard news to a tabloid publication upon the advice of Marcus and Mo due to flagging sales – after he becomes dissatisfied with repeatedly assigned by Yvette to write puff pieces). Yvette sometimes finds it hard being the only girl in a family full of mostly men, as seen in the season two episode "Men Working Badly".


title: Smart Guy

text: Episodes in which her character dates a fellow Piedmont High student feature Yvette sometimes overthinking the relationship, such as when she dated a dimwitted swimmer whom she had mainly a physical attraction to in the episode "Big Picture" or when high school senior Yvette dated a sophomore in the episode "T.A. or Not T.A." In the season one episode "The Code", it is revealed that she has a fake I.D. that says she is 28 years old. After being rejected from Princeton University, Yvette planned to stay in Washington, D.C. to attend Georgetown University as the series ends. Although the character of Yvette is in her late teens, Essence Atkins (born on February 7, 1972 and therefore being in her mid-20s during the run of the series) is actually only ten years younger than John Marshall Jones, who plays her character's father Floyd.


title: Smart Guy

text: Played by John Marshall Jones, the character of Floyd Henderson is the strict widowed father of Yvette, Marcus, and T.J. He is a self-made businessman and owns a roofing company called Floyd Henderson Contracting. After the loss of his wife, he would eventually start dating once again: such as in season two's "Dateline", when T.J. sets Floyd up with a woman named Jamie (Jackie Mari Roberts) through an online dating service, whom T.J. eventually gets jealous of after Floyd spends less time with him; and in the season three episode "Beating is Fundamental", when he dates a woman whose son T.J. dislikes (and later punches), though many of the women that he is seen dating in the series are usually not seen for more than one episode. He is frequently a comic foil to most of the main characters, including T.J. He also gives good moral advice to all of his children (and sometimes even to Mo).


title: Smart Guy

text: Played by Omar Gooding, the character of Mo Tibbs is Marcus's best friend. He is typically portrayed in the show as being dimwitted (such as confusing a rasher with a haberdasher) with some signs of gullibility, to the point where in the episode "I Was a Teenage Sports Wife", T.J. makes Mo part of a placebo experiment by giving him sugar-filled pill capsules that T.J. claims will stimulate synapses in the brain (therefore increasing intelligence), in order to better perform on tests, only for Mo to inform other students about the pills and drowning T.J. with offers for the "brain pills". Despite his heavy and muscular build, Mo is usually depicted as a friendly person (the pilot episode, however, depicts him as being almost a rival to Marcus in a few scenes, particularly one in which he gets into a fight with Marcus over their classmate Mariah (Venus DeMilo Thomas), whom they both are romantically interested in, resulting in T.J. stepping into the altercation to defend Marcus). Mo is discovered to be an excellent chef, due to the tutelage of Yvette (who helped him learn how to cook after Mo signed up for a cooking class on the spur of the moment, simply because the class was cooking bacon at the time), he plays bass guitar in Marcus' band Mackadocious, and is also a semi-talented barber.


title: Smart Guy

text: Floyd is often annoyed with Mo's antics, such as his constantly eating from their fridge and even once having slept in T.J.'s bed (having done so as part of a plan to help T.J. sneak out to see a friend at an arcade after being reprimanded and effectively, grounded by Floyd over his choice of clothing). Despite this, Floyd seems to genuinely care about Mo and, as seen in the episode "Diary of a Mad Schoolgirl", shares with him a passion for a barbecue. Mo all but lives at the Henderson's house and dislikes eating at his own house (having once chipped a tooth while eating oatmeal cooked by his mother, as he notes in the opening scene of "Get a Job"). In the season three episode "That's My Momma", Mo accidentally overhears a conversation between his parents Delroy and Verla Mae that they had adopted him as a baby, this leads him to have a falling out with his parents and Marcus and T.J. helping him find his birth mother who is revealed to be a fortune teller in Delaware named Shelia Ecks. A recurring catchphrase of his throughout the series is, "Hello der!" ("hello there").


title: Smart Guy

text: Tahj Mowry and Omar Gooding are the only main cast members that did not appear in every episode (which in the case of Mowry is quite unusual for the lead actor for a television series to not appear in all episodes). Tahj Mowry did not appear in the season 3 episode "Get a Job" and Omar Gooding in "A Little Knowledge." Jason Weaver, Essence Atkins and John Marshall Jones are the only cast members to appear in every episode.


title: Smart Guy

text: The series was taped at Sunset-Gower Studios in Hollywood. The establishing shot of the fictional Piedmont High School later appeared on another Washington, D.C.-based Disney series, "Cory in the House" for the Disney Channel, and also as the establishing shot for John Adams High on the ABC series "Boy Meets World".


title: Smart Guy

text: A majority of the show's scenes take place in the Henderson house or the school. Originally, most of the family scenes took place in the kitchen, with the lack of living room area seen during the first season. The living room set when it was added in season two had a window and the front door at stage center, and the stairs and kitchen doorway at stage right. The kitchen set was scaled back as well with the back stairs that lead to the bedrooms removed. The layout changed again in season three with the kitchen remaining the same, but the living room layout changes including the front door now located at stage left. Marcus and T.J.'s bedroom is the only set to remain the same during the course of the entire series.


title: Smart Guy

text: Piedmont High is the high school that Yvette, Marcus, Mo and T.J. attend. The four main sets seen in the show are the classroom, the hallway, the cafeteria and the auditorium. The hallway changes its layout twice during the series.


title: Smart Guy

text: The theme song for the first and second seasons was produced and written by Kristian Rex who also composed the music for the entire second season. The theme song for "Smart Guys"' third and final one was performed by Hami and featured cast member Omar Gooding. A short version of the season three theme, which is different from the regular theme song was used in episodes in which ran over the allotted time.


title: Smart Guy

text: The opening sequence for the first two seasons was fully computer animated with the exception of the cast video headshots. The show's title logo was shown at the beginning and again at the end of the sequence when the main characters without Mo are shown above it. The season three opening titles were made to resemble a music video (the sequence was choreographed by Russell Clark).


title: Smart Guy

text: The entire series (except for the episode "Don't Do That Thing You Do") is available to stream on Disney+ as of its launch date of November 12, 2019.


title: Cornish Rex

text: The Cornish Rex is a breed of domestic cat. The Cornish Rex has no hair except for down. Most breeds of cat have three different types of hair in their coats: the outer fur or "guard hairs", a middle layer called the "awn hair"; and the down hair or undercoat, which is very fine and about 1 cm long. Cornish Rexes only have the undercoat. They are prone to hair loss and many will develop a very thin coat or even go bald over large parts of their body. The curl in their fur is caused by a different mutation and gene than that of the Devon Rex. The breed originated in Cornwall, Great Britain.


title: Cornish Rex

text: The coat of a Cornish Rex is extremely fine and sometimes curly. Their light coat means that they are best suited for indoor living in warm and dry conditions, as they are sensitive to low temperatures. They like to stay near warm places such as computer monitors, light bulbs, laps and shoulders.


title: Cornish Rex

text: The breed is sometimes referred to as the Greyhound of the cats, because of the sleek appearance and the galloping run characteristic of the breed. These cats tend to stay playful and kittenish throughout their long lives. Some Cornish Rexes like to play fetch, race other pets, or do acrobatic jumps. The Cornish Rex is an adventurous cat and is very intelligent. It can readily adapt to new situations and will explore wherever it can go. The Rex is extremely curious, seeks out the company of people and is friendly towards other companion animals.


title: Cornish Rex

text: Cornish Rex cats come in a wide variety of coat colours and patterns, outlined in the breed standard: solids, including white, black, chocolate, orange and the dilutes blue, lilac and cream; all forms of tabby including classic, mackerel and ticked tabbies, bicolor "tuxedo" coat in many colours, tortoiseshell, "smoke" colours and the colour-point pattern standard in the Siamese breed.


title: Cornish Rex

text: In 2013, researchers identified the mutation that defines the Cornish Rex breed. Genome-wide analyses were performed in the Cornish Rex breed and in 11 phenotypically diverse breeds and two random bred populations. A gene on chromosome A1, the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 ("LPAR6"), was identified to have a 4 base pair deletion. This induces a premature stop codon in the receptor that is absent in all straight haired cats analyzed. "LPAR6" encodes a receptor essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the hair shaft. In humans, LPAR6 mutations result in a form of ectodermal dysplasia characterised by a woolly hair phenotype.


title: Cornish Rex

text: The Cornish Rex is a genetic mutation that originated from a litter of kittens born in the 1950s on a farm in Cornwall, UK. One of the kittens, a cream-colored male named Kallibunker, had an extremely unusual, fine and curly coat; he was the first Cornish Rex. The owner then backcrossed Kallibunker to his mother to produce 2 other curly-coated kittens. The male, Poldhu, sired a female called Lamorna Cove who was later brought to America and crossed with a Siamese, giving the breed their long whippy tails and big ears.


title: Cornish Rex

text: The Devon Rex looks similar in appearance to the Cornish Rex but has guard hairs and sheds. The Devon Rex mutation is different from the Cornish Rex mutation in that the Devon has shortened guard hairs, while the Cornish Rex lacks guard hairs altogether. Crosses between Devon and Cornish Rexes are not permitted in pedigrees and matings between them will not produce a cat with short wavy fur. Another hair-deficient breed is the Sphynx cat, which has no hair but may have a very light coat of fuzz.


title: Cornish Rex

text: Despite some belief to the contrary, the Cornish Rex's short hair does not make it non- or hypo-allergenic. Allergic reactions from cats are not the result of hair length, but from a glyco-protein known as Fel d 1, produced in the sebaceous glands of the skin, saliva, and urine. Most people who have cat allergies are reacting to this protein in cat saliva and cat dander: when the cat cleans its fur, the saliva dries and is transformed into dust that people breathe in. Since Cornish Rex cats groom as much as or even more than ordinary cats, a Cornish Rex cat can still produce a reaction in people who are allergic to cats. It is, however, widely reported to cause lesser to little allergic reaction. It is recommended a potential owner visit a cattery to check their own tolerance.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: The Achaeans (; "Akhaioí," "the Achaeans" or "of Achaea") is one of the names in Homer which is used to refer to the Greeks collectively.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: The term "Achaean" is believed to be related to the Hittite term Ahhiyawa and the Egyptian term Ekwesh which appear in texts from the Late Bronze Age and are believed to refer to the Mycenaean civilization or some part of it.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: In the historical period, the term fell into disuse as a general term for Greek people, and was generally reserved for inhabitants of the region of Achaea, a region in the north-central part of the Peloponnese. The city-states of this region later formed a confederation known as the Achaean League, which was influential during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: In Homer, the term Achaeans is one of the primary terms used to refer to the Greeks as a whole. It is used 598 times in the "Iliad", often accompanied by the epithet "long-haired". Other common names used in Homer are Danaans (; "Danaoi"; used 138 times in the "Iliad") and Argives (; ; used 182 times in the "Iliad") while Panhellenes ( "Panhellenes," "All of the Greeks") and Hellenes (; "Hellenes") both appear only once; All of the aforementioned terms were used synonymously to denote a common Greek identity. In some English translations of the "Iliad", the Achaeans are simply called the Greeks throughout.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Later, by the Archaic and Classical periods, the term "Achaeans" referred to inhabitants of the much smaller region of Achaea. Herodotus identified the Achaeans of the northern Peloponnese as descendants of the earlier, Homeric Achaeans. According to Pausanias, writing in the 2nd century CE, the term "Achaean" was originally given to those Greeks inhabiting the Argolis and Laconia.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Pausanias and Herodotus both recount the legend that the Achaeans were forced from their homelands by the Dorians, during the legendary Dorian invasion of the Peloponnese. They then moved into the region later called Achaea.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: A scholarly consensus has not yet been reached on the origin of the historic Achaeans relative to the Homeric Achaeans and is still hotly debated. Former emphasis on presumed race, such as John A. Scott's article about the blond locks of the Achaeans as compared to the dark locks of "Mediterranean" Poseidon, on the basis of hints in Homer, has been rejected by some. The contrasting belief that "Achaeans", as understood through Homer, is "a name without a country", an "ethnos" created in the Epic tradition, has modern supporters among those who conclude that "Achaeans" were redefined in the 5th century BC, as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Karl Beloch suggested there was no Dorian invasion, but rather that the Peloponnesian Dorians were the Achaeans. Eduard Meyer, disagreeing with Beloch, instead put forth the suggestion that the real-life Achaeans were mainland pre-Dorian Greeks. His conclusion is based on his research on the similarity between the languages of the Achaeans and pre-historic Arcadians. William Prentice disagreed with both, noting archeological evidence suggests the Achaeans instead migrated from "southern Asia Minor to Greece, probably settling first in lower Thessaly" probably prior to 2000 BC.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Emil Forrer, a Swiss Hittitologist who worked on the Boghazköy tablets in Berlin, said the Achaeans of pre-Homeric Greece were directly associated with the term "Land of Ahhiyawa" mentioned in the Hittite texts. His conclusions at the time were challenged by other Hittitologists (i.e. Johannes Friedrich in 1927 and Albrecht Götze in 1930), as well as by Ferdinand Sommer, who published his "Die Ahhijava-Urkunden" ("The Ahhiyawa Documents") in 1932.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Some Hittite texts mention a nation lying to the west called Ahhiyawa. In the earliest reference to this land, a letter outlining the treaty violations of the Hittite vassal Madduwatta, it is called "Ahhiya". Another important example is the "Tawagalawa Letter" written by an unnamed Hittite king (most probably Hattusili III) of the empire period (14th–13th century BC) to the king of "Ahhiyawa", treating him as an equal and implying Miletus ("Millawanda") was under his control. It also refers to an earlier ""Wilusa" episode" involving hostility on the part of "Ahhiyawa". Ahhiya(wa) has been identified with the Achaeans of the Trojan War and the city of Wilusa with the legendary city of Troy (note the similarity with early Greek "Wilion", later "Ilion", the name of the acropolis of Troy). The exact relationship of the term "Ahhiyawa" to the Achaeans beyond a similarity in pronunciation was hotly debated by scholars, even following the discovery that Mycenaean Linear B is an early form of Greek; the earlier debate was summed up in 1984 by Hans G. Güterbock of the Oriental Institute. More recent research based on new readings and interpretations of the Hittite texts, as well as of the material evidence for Mycenaean contacts with the Anatolian mainland, came to the conclusion that "Ahhiyawa" referred to the Mycenaean world, or at least to a part of it.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: It has been proposed that "Ekwesh" of the Egyptian records may relate to "Achaea" (compared to Hittite "Ahhiyawa"), whereas "Denyen" and "Tanaju" may relate to Classical Greek "Danaoi". The earliest textual reference to the Mycenaean world is in the Annals of Thutmosis III (ca. 1479–1425 BC), which refers to messengers from the king of the Tanaju, circa 1437 BC, offering greeting gifts to the Egyptian king, in order to initiate diplomatic relations, when the latter campaigned in Syria. Tanaju is also listed in an inscription at the Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III. The latter ruled Egypt in circa 1382–1344 BC. Moreover, a list of the cities and regions of the Tanaju is also mentioned in this inscription; among the cities listed are Mycenae, Nauplion, Kythera, Messenia and the Thebaid (region of Thebes).


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: During the 5th year of Pharaoh Merneptah, a confederation of Libyan and northern peoples is supposed to have attacked the western delta. Included amongst the ethnic names of the repulsed invaders is the Ekwesh or Eqwesh, whom some have seen as Achaeans, although Egyptian texts specifically mention these Ekwesh to be circumcised. Homer mentions an Achaean attack upon the delta, and Menelaus speaks of the same in Book IV of the "Odyssey" to Telemachus when he recounts his own return home from the Trojan War. Some ancient Greek authors also say that Helen had spent the time of the Trojan War in Egypt, and not at Troy, and that after Troy the Greeks went there to recover her.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: In Greek mythology, the perceived cultural divisions among the Hellenes were represented as legendary lines of descent that identified kinship groups, with each line being derived from an eponymous ancestor. Each of the Greek "ethne" were said to be named in honor of their respective ancestors: Achaeus of the Achaeans, Danaus of the Danaans, Cadmus of the Cadmeans (the Thebans), Hellen of the Hellenes (not to be confused with Helen of Troy), Aeolus of the Aeolians, Ion of the Ionians, and Dorus of the Dorians.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: Cadmus from Phoenicia, Danaus from Egypt, and Pelops from Anatolia each gained a foothold in mainland Greece and were assimilated and Hellenized. Hellen, Graikos, Magnes, and Macedon were sons of Deucalion and Pyrrha, the only people who survived the Great Flood; the "ethne" were said to have originally been named "Graikoi" after the elder son but later renamed "Hellenes" after Hellen who was proved to be the strongest. Sons of Hellen and the nymph Orseis were Dorus, Xuthos, and Aeolus. Sons of Xuthos and Kreousa, daughter of Erechthea, were Ion and Achaeus.


title: Achaeans (Homer)

text: According to Margalit Finkelberg, the name Ἀχαιοί/Ἀχαιϝοί is derived from Hittite "Aḫḫiyawā". However, Robert S. P. Beekes doubted the validity of this derivation and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form "*Akaya-".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: Rebecca Jean Fink (; born 26 July 1977), known professionally as Rebecca Jean or Rebecca St. James, is an Australian Christian pop rock singer, songwriter and actress. She began performing in Australia in the late 1980s and released her first full-length studio album in 1991. She was signed to ForeFront Records in 1993, releasing her major label debut the following year.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James rose to fame in the late 1990s with her RIAA certified Gold albums "God" and "Pray", the latter of which won a Grammy Award in 1999 for Best Rock Gospel Album, and her holiday album "Christmas". The albums spawned multiple singles, including "God", "Go and Sin No More", and "Pray". Since then she has established herself as one of the most prominent musical artists in Contemporary Christian music (CCM), with four additional full-length studio albums: "Transform", "Worship God", "If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something" and "I Will Praise You". Staple songs such as "Wait for Me", "Reborn", "Song of Love", "Alive", and "Shine Your Glory Down", have all been derived from these releases. She has earned nine No. 1 hits on Christian radio and has sold nearly two million albums since starting her career.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James is also an accomplished author and actress. To date, she has released more than a dozen published books and appeared in eight films (including lead roles in "Sarah's Choice" and "A Strange Brand of Happy"), a musical stage show, and a "VeggieTales" episode ("An Easter Carol"). She is also an outspoken sexual abstinence and anti-abortion advocate, a spokesperson for Compassion International, the sister of Joel and Luke Smallbone, who comprise the band For King & Country, and the wife of Foster the People's former bassist Jacob "Cubbie" Fink.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: Rebecca St. James was born Rebecca Jean Smallbone on 26 July 1977 in Sydney to parents David and Helen Smallbone. She moved to Nashville, Tennessee, after her father's job relocation, in 1991, where she was raised with a sister, Libby, and five brothers, Ben, Dan, Joel, Josh, and Luke.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In 1990, at twelve years of age, St. James opened shows for CCM artist Carman during his Australian tour. The following year she released an independent album, "Refresh My Heart", in Australia under the stage name "Rebecca Jean". Soon after its release, her family moved to the United States where her father received a job offer. She signed with ForeFront Records and took her stage name at the label's request. In 1994 she released her major label debut: "Rebecca St. James". She also released the "" EP in 1995.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 25 June 1996, St. James released her third studio album "God", led by the title track. The album took her music in a new direction, focusing more on rock. It debuted to positive reviews and debuted at 200, and peaked at 168 on the "Billboard" 200. It also charted at No. 10 on the "Billboard" Heatseekers chart and No. 6 on "Billboard"'s Contemporary Christian chart. In 1997, she was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album for "God" and in 2005 the album was RIAA certified gold for selling over 500,000 copies. To promote the album, St. James released a devotion book, "40 Days with God: A Devotional Journey", in 1996.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In 1997, St. James released the sequel to her devotional book: "You're the Voice: 40 More Days with God". On 7 October of the same year, she released her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Christmas". The album charted at No. 12 on "Billboard"'s Top Heatseekers chart and No. 14 on the Top Contemporary Christian chart.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 20 October 1998, St. James released her fifth studio album, "Pray", which debuted to mixed reviews. The album managed to chart at No. 168 on the "Billboard" 200, and No. 5 on both the Heatseekers Chart and the Contemporary Christian Chart. The album won a Grammy in 1999 for Best Rock/Gospel Album, and, in 2006, it was RIAA-certified gold for selling over 500,000 copies. Also in 1998, St. James contributed to the CCM compilation album "Surfonic Water Revival" with the song "Gold Coast".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In 1999, St. James released "Yes, I Believe In God" to radio only, in memory of the lives lost at the Columbine shooting. The song was later released on the album "". Also in 1999, St. James released a video on VHS, "No Secrets", featuring interviews of her and her family, behind-the-scenes footage and the music video for the song "Pray". In addition to her own projects, St. James took part in a CD release, "Heaven & Earth: A Tapestry of Worship", which featured female Christian artists such as Nichole Nordeman and Jennifer Knapp. The album was released in November 1999 and features two songs by St. James; "As We Wait" and "River of Life". She also contributed a remix of her song "Omega" to the CCM compilation "Listen:Louder".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In June 2000, St. James released a cover of the song "Shout to the Lord" on the CCM compilation album "Eterne: Never Be the Same". The song was later made available on St. James' live record, "Live Worship: Blessed Be Your Name", as an embedded hidden track.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 24 October 2000, St. James released her sixth studio album, "Transform". The album charted at No. 166 on the "Billboard" 200, No. 7 on the Heatseekers Chart, and No. 14 on the Contemporary Christian Chart. The album garnered positive reviews and featured the songs "Wait for Me" and "Reborn". Also in 2000, St. James made a cameo in the film "". A year later, the devotional book, "40 Days with God" was re-released with a new layout and five new devotions. Also in 2001, St. James contributed to the CCM compilation album "The Prayer of a Jabez" with the song "Lead Me Away", which is a duet with Michael Tait.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In 2002, to promote the single "Wait For Me" from "Transform", St. James released the book "", which went on to sell over 100,000 copies and spawn a journal and study guide. The song and book promotes sexual abstinence before marriage, and St. James has since become a major spokesperson for the subject.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 12 February 2002, St. James released a cover of the Keith Green song "Your Love Broke Through" on the compilation album "Your Love Broke Through: The Worship Songs Of Keith Green". The song is a duet with Phil Keaggy. Two weeks later, on 26 February 2002, St. James released her seventh studio album, "Worship God". The album debuted to extremely positive reviews and charted at No. 94 on the "Billboard" 200, marking St. James' first Top 100 album, and No. 5 on the Contemporary Christian chart. She released a DVD to promote the album 19 November 2002, that featured music videos, interviews, etc.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 25 March 2003, after 10 years with ForeFront Records, St. James released her first compilation project, "", which features 16 of her most popular songs and two new ones, including "I Thank You" which managed to peak at No. 2 on "Billboard"'s Hot Christian Songs chart. The album failed to make the "Billboard" 200, but charted at No. 16 on the Contemporary Christian chart.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 24 February 2004, St. James released her first live album, "Live Worship: Blessed Be Your Name", which included seven new songs and two studio-recorded songs. The album peaked at No. 187 on the "Billboard" 200 and No. 12 on the Top Christian Albums chart. Later that year, St. James released a compilation album, "The Best of Rebecca St. James", and her book "SHE: Safe, Healthy, Empowered: The Woman You're Made to Be". Also in 2004, St. James starred in the stage musical "!Hero" as a modern day Mary Magdalene (as Maggie). St. James later lent her voice to the VeggieTales episode "An Easter Carol" as Hope the Music Box Angel. She also took part in a pop/rock VeggieTales album, "Veggie Rocks!" and covered "The VeggieTales Theme Song" for the album. The same year, St. James appeared as a guest vocalist on records by Dennis Jernigan and Newsboys. She co-performed the songs "Faithful Friend" and "Blessed Be Your Name", respectively.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: After taking a hiatus from recording music, St. James returned to the studio in early 2005 to record new songs. On 24 October 2005, the first single from the album, "Alive", was released. The song managed to chart at No. 3 on R&R's CHR Chart and No. 13 on "Billboard"s Hot Christian Songs Chart. Her eighth studio album, "If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something", was released on 22 November 2005. The album debuted to fairly positive reviews. It charted at No. 14 on "Billboard"'s Top Christian Albums Chart, but failed to make the "Billboard" 200.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 1 July 2005, St. James released a Teen Edition of her book, "SHE" and on 1 October 2005, she released another book: "Sister Freaks: Stories of Women Who Gave Up Everything For God". Also in 2005, St. James contributed a song, "Lion", to the album "", and released a cover of the Christmas carol "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In early 2006, St. James embarked on her "If I Had One Chance To Tell You Something Tour" with fellow Christian group BarlowGirl. She also recorded "America", the theme song for the National Day of Prayer. It was released to iTunes on 2 May 2006. She also recorded a cover of Chris Tomlin's song "Forever" for the album "". The same year, ForeFront Records put together a compilation album, "The Early Years", that covered ten songs from her earliest releases: "Rebecca St. James", "GOD" and "Pray".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: Aside from music, St. James made her major character film debut in "Unidentified" as Colleen in 2006.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In 2007, ForeFront Records took live footage and recordings from the "If I Had One Chance... Tour" and released "aLIVE in Florida", a CD/DVD collection on 20 March. The album features 14 live songs and an exclusive remix of "You Are Loved". The album charted at No. 43 on "Billboard"'s Top Christian Albums Chart. At the time of the album's release, it was announced that St. James has sold over 1.8 million albums to date.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In the midst of a musical hiatus, ForeFront Records put together a two-disc compilation album, "The Ultimate Collection", which was released 11 March 2008. Another compilation, "Greatest Hits", was released later that year on 18 October 2008. On 3 September 2008, St. James released another book: "Pure: A 90-Day Devotional for the Mind, Body, & Spirit".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: In late 2008, St. James announced she would star as the lead role in "Sarah's Choice", a film that was released to DVD on 17 November 2009. It includes "Little One", a song by St. James. The song was released almost two years later on 2 September 2011. The film received good reviews from Christian movie critics.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: Although on musical hiatus, on 16 April 2009, St. James released "You're Alive" to iTunes as an advance single for her "Resurrection Worship: Songs of Hope" album. Then, in June 2009, she released "Wish" to her MySpace page. Aside from these brief musical endeavours, St. James' book "Loved: Stories of Forgiveness" was released on 1 September 2009.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 19 August 2009, Christian Cinema reported that St. James had wrapped up filming a new film, "Rising Stars", which was released on 22 October 2010. On 19 October 2010, St. James released her version of "O Little Town of Bethlehem" on the album "The Essential Christmas Collection".


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 18 November 2010, St. James announced that she had parted ways with ForeFront Records and would be releasing a new worship album in April 2011 via Beach Street/Reunion Records. Her ninth studio album, "I Will Praise You", was released on 5 April 2011. It was preceded by the single "Shine Your Glory Down", which was released to Christian radio on 11 February. The album was met with positive reviews from Christian music critics and was highly successful, debuting at No. 18 on "Billboard"'s Hot Christian Albums chart and later peaking at No. 9. It also peaked at No. 153 on the "Billboard" 200, her highest charting effort after "Worship God". Her ninth book, "What Is He Thinking?", hit shelves on 26 September 2011.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James continued her film career in 2011 with "Suing the Devil". "The Frontier Boys" followed in 2012.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James starred in "A Strange Brand of Happy", a romantic comedy film that was released on 13 September 2013. The film revolves around Joyce, a single Christian life coach who falls for an agnostic client. It began filming on 15 August 2011 in Cincinnati, and was released on 13 September 2013.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 12 March 2013, St. James announced via Facebook that she was publishing "The Merciful Scar", her first Christian novel, co-authored with Nancy Rue. It was released on 10 September 2013. She also narrated the documentary "Mother India: Life Through the Eyes of the Orphan", which was released on 23 April 2013.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: ForeFront Records released a compilation album on 7 January 2014. The CD was released as "Icon", while the iTunes Store version was released as "Best of Rebecca St. James". Her second novel, "Sarah's Choice", an adaptation of the 2009 film of the same name in which St. James starred, was released on 27 May 2014, while her third novel, "One Last Thing", was released on 10 March 2015. Both books were co-authored by Nancy Rue.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James' film career continued into 2015 with "Faith of Our Fathers", which featured St. James portraying a car-stealing Australian hitchhiker. She also made a brief cameo in the 2016 film "Priceless", which was written, produced, and edited by her brother Joel Smallbone, who also starred in the film.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: After several years of musical hiatus, St. James recorded and released a cover of "Amazing Grace", with her brothers Joel and Luke Smallbone of the band for King & Country. The song was released in October 2017. She also toured with for King & Country and Casting Crowns on a Christmas tour, and released a live duet with for King & Country of their song "The Proof of Your Love". St. James later joined the "Greatest Hits Live" tour from November 2018 and continued through May 2019, with Point of Grace, Avalon, Nicole C. Mullen, Bob Carlisle and NewSong.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 10 January 2019, St. James announced that she was writing music for a new album with frequent collaborator Tedd T. and that she had signed with Heritage Music Group, an imprint of Bethel Music. On 29 April 2020, St. James announced via Facebook live that her new album would be titled "Dawn," although she later clarified in an Instagram post that "Dawn" would be an EP rather than a full-length record. The EP's first single, "Battle Is the Lord's", was released on 12 June 2020 and features guest artist Brandon Lake. "Dawn" was released on 24 July 2020. On 28 August 2020, St. James was featured on the acoustic version of for KING & COUNTRY's single "Together", which also featured Cory Asbury.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 22 October 2021, St. James released the single "Kingdom Come" featuring her brothers for KING & COUNTRY. The song is the lead single from her tenth studio album, "Kingdom Come", which was released 25 March 2022. The second single from the album, "Praise", was released on 18 February 2022.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: St. James is originally from Australia but moved with her family to the United States at age 14. She currently resides in Nashville, Tennessee. Two of her brothers, Joel and Luke Smallbone, formed the band for King & Country.


title: Rebecca St. James

text: On 3 January 2011, she announced her engagement to Foster the People's now former bassist Jacob "Cubbie" Fink, a Colorado native and a missionary to South Africa. Fink proposed on Christmas Day 2010 at St. James' family's farm in Franklin. They married on 23 April 2011, at the Junípero Serra Museum in San Diego, California. On 4 October 2013, St. James announced that they were expecting their first child and on 18 February 2014, she gave birth to their daughter Gemma Elena Fink. St. James gave birth to a second daughter, Imogen Watson Fink, on 11 May 2018. St. James announced on 29 April 2020 that she was 21 weeks pregnant with her third child. In August 2020, St. James gave birth to a son, River Jack.


title: Wire gauge

text: Wire gauge is a measurement of wire diameter. This determines the amount of electric current the wire can safely carry, as well as its electrical resistance and weight.


title: Wire gauge

text: Wire gauges may be broadly divided into two groups, the empirical and the geometric. The first includes all the older gauge measurements, notably the Birmingham gauge (B.W.G. or Stubs) and the Lancashire. The origin of the B.W.G. is obscure. The numbers of wire were in common use earlier than 1735. It is believed that they originally were based on the series of drawn wires, No. 1 being the original rod, and succeeding numbers corresponding with each draw, so that No. 10, for example, would have passed ten times through the draw plate. But the Birmingham and the Lancashire gauges, the latter being based on an averaging of the dimensions collated from a large number of the former in the possession of Peter Stubs of Warrington (1756-1806), have long held the leading position, and are still retained and used probably to a greater extent than the more recent geometrical gauges.


title: Wire gauge

text: The first attempt to adopt a geometrical system was made by Messrs Brown & Sharpe in 1855. They established a regular progression of thirty-nine steps between the English sizes, No. 0000 (460 mils or about 12 mm) and No. 36 (5 mils or about 0.13 mm). Each diameter was multiplied by 0.890526 to give the next lower size. This is now the American wire gauge (AWG), and is prevalent in North America and used to some extent in over 65 countries, with a market share of about 30% of all power and control wires and cables.


title: Wire gauge

text: The Imperial Standard Wire Gauge, which was sanctioned by the British Board of Trade in 1884, was formulated by J. Latimer Clark. Following one of its recommendations, it differs from pre-existing gauges scarcely more than they differ among themselves, and is based on a rational system, the basis being the circular mil. No. 7/0, the largest size, is 0.50 inches (500 mils or 12.7 mm) in diameter (250 000 circular mils in cross-sectional area), and the smallest, No. 50, is 0.001 inches (1 mil or ) in diameter (1 circular mil [cross-sectional area] or 0.7854 millionths of a square inch). Between each step the diameter, or thickness, diminishes by 10.557%, and the area and weight diminish by ~ 20%.


title: Wire gauge

text: The current British Standard for metallic materials including wire is BS 6722:1986, which is a solely metric standard, superseding 3737:1964, which used the SWG system.


title: Wire gauge

text: The IEC 60228, used in most parts of the world, defines standard wire sizes based on their cross-sectional areas as expressed in mm. Each wire size has to respect a maximum resistivity value.


title: Wire gauge

text: In commerce, the sizes of wire are estimated by devices, also called gauges, which consist of plates of circular or oblong form having notches of different widths around their edges to receive wire and sheet metals of different thicknesses. Each notch is stamped with a number, and the wire or sheet, which just fits a given notch, is stated to be of, say, No. 10, 11, 12, etc., of the wire gauge.


title: Wire gauge

text: The circular forms of wire gauge measurement devices are the most popular, and are generally in diameter, with thirty-six notches; many have the decimal equivalents of the sizes stamped on the back. Oblong plates are similarly notched. Rolling mill gauges are also oblong in form. Many gauges are made with a wedge-like slot into which the wire is thrust; one edge being graduated, the point at which the movement of the wire is arrested gives its size. The graduations are those of standard wire, or in thousandths of an inch. In some cases both edges are graduated differently in order to allow comparison between two systems of measurement. A few gauges are made with holes into which the wire has to be thrust. All gauges are hardened and ground to dimensions.


title: Wire gauge

text: In some applications wire sizes are specified as the cross sectional area of the wire, usually in mm². Advantages of this system include the ability to readily calculate the physical dimensions or weight of wire, ability to take account of non-circular wire, and ease of calculation of electrical properties.


title: BMW S65

text: The BMW S65 is a naturally aspirated V8 petrol engine which was produced from 2007 to 2013. Its main use was in the BMW M3 (where it replaced the BMW S54 straight-six engine). There is no direct replacement for the S65, since the following generation of M3 switched to a turbocharged straight-six engine (the BMW S55).


title: BMW S65

text: Derived from the BMW S85 V10 engine (as used in the E60 M5), the S65 shares the same basic architecture and aluminium construction. Unlike most other BMW M engines, the S65 and S85 are not related to a regular production BMW engine.


title: BMW S65

text: The S65 won the International Engine of the Year award for the 3.0 to 4.0 L category in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012.


title: BMW S65

text: The S65 shares the same cylinder dimensions with the S85 V10, with a bore and a stroke. Other common features include individual throttle bodies, ionic current knock sensing, double-VANOS (variable valve timing) and the 12.0:1 compression ratio. The redline is 8,400 rpm.


title: BMW S65

text: To reduce weight, a wet-sump lubrication system with two electrically operated scavenging pumps and a main oil pump replaces the three-pump wet-sump system used on the S85. The dry weight of the S65 is .


title: BMW S65

text: The alternator reduces or stops charging (depending on battery charge level) during acceleration to maximise power, only fully charging the battery during braking and decelerating whenever possible, in a system BMW calls Brake Energy Regeneration.


title: BMW S65

text: The engine control unit (ECU/DME) is a Siemens MSS60, which is based on the Siemens MSS65 ECU used in the S85 engine


title: BMW S65

text: The firing order for the S65 engine is 1-5-4-8-7-2-6-3, which is different from the typical BMW V8 firing order of 1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2.


title: BMW S65

text: The S65B44 is an enlarged version of the S65, due to a larger stroke of . It also uses a lightweight titanium exhaust.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Tyson Gay (born August 9, 1982) is an American track and field sprinter who competes in the 100 and 200 meters. His 100 m personal best of 9.69 seconds is the American record and makes him tied for the second fastest athlete over 100 m ever, along with Yohan Blake of Jamaica.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay has won medals in major international competitions, which includes 3 gold medals in the 100 m, 200 m and relay at the 2007 Osaka World Championships. This made him the second man to win all three events at the same World Championships, after Maurice Greene (Usain Bolt duplicated the feat two years later). Gay is a four-time U.S. champion in the 100 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: At the 2008 Olympic Trials, he ran a wind assisted 9.68 seconds in the 100 m. Days later, he suffered a severe hamstring injury in the 200 m trials and did not win any medals at the Beijing Olympics. He clocked 9.71 seconds to win the 100 m silver medal in the 2009 World Championships is the fastest non-winning time in the history of the 100 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: In July 2013, it was announced that Gay had tested positive for a banned substance; he subsequently withdrew from consideration for the World Championships in Moscow. The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) suspended him until June 23, 2014, and stripped him of his silver medal in the relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay is a two-time winner of the Jesse Owens Award, was the 2007 IAAF World Athlete of the Year, won Best Track and Field Athlete for Track & Field News in 2007 and for ESPY Award in 2008 and 2011. He has also achieved multiple Men's season's best performances in the 100 m and 200 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Born on August 9, 1982, in Lexington, Kentucky, Tyson Gay is the only son of Daisy Gay and Greg Mitchell. Athletic prowess was part of his family life; Gay's grandmother ran for Eastern Kentucky University and his mother Daisy also competed in her youth, though she was pregnant with her first child by her early teens. Gay's older sister, Tiffany, was a keen sprinter and had a successful high school career. Tiffany and Tyson Gay, encouraged by their mother, raced at every opportunity, training hard at school and on the hills in their neighborhood. There was strong competition between the two, and Gay later said that his sister's quick reaction time inspired him to improve.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Although Gay tended to be a slow starter on the track, he worked hard to improve and broke the Lafayette High School stadium record for the 200 meters. Under the tutelage of Ken Northington, a former 100-yard dash state champion, Gay began working on his technique and rhythm. By his senior year he was a more composed athlete and he focused on the 100 meters, winning the state championship in the event and setting a new championship record of 10.60 s. In spite of this, his mother noted that he was not fully applying himself and was taking his abilities for granted. Gay was also not a studious child and he failed to achieve the grades needed to enter a Division I sports college. However, the Kentucky High School State Championships in June 2001 demonstrated his abilities: he won gold in the 100 m, setting a new personal best and state record with 10.46 s. In the 200 m he took silver with another new personal best of 21.23 s. At a 2001 track event, Gay met trainer Lance Brauman and the college coach convinced him to attend Barton County Community College. It was here that Gay first met Jamaican sprinter Veronica Campbell-Brown, and the two formed a close bond, becoming training partners.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The move to the college in Great Bend, Kansas, marked further progression for Gay: in 2002 his 100 m and 200 m times dropped to 10.08 s and 20.21 s respectively, albeit with wind assistance. He improved upon his legal personal bests too, recording a 100 m run of 10.27 s and 20.88 s in the 200 m. He also continued to outstrip the competition, winning the 100 m at the NJCAA National Championship. Returning to the NJCAA event the following year, with the wind in his favour, Gay took bronze in the 100 m with 10.01 s and silver in the 200 m with 20.31 s. Injuries upset the rest of 2003 for Gay, and his coach Brauman moved on to work as the sprint coach at the University of Arkansas where Gay followed.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay chose to study sociology and marketing, and the university environment gave the 22-year-old sprinter his first opportunity to compete in NCAA events. In the NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship in March, Gay finished fourth in the 60 meters, with 6.63 s, and fifth in the closely fought 200 m with a time of 20.58 s (he missed out on second place by only two hundredths of a second). The NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship in June proved far more fruitful, however, as Gay became Arkansas' first 100 m NCAA champion, setting a school record of 10.06 s. Furthermore, his efforts in the event helped the Arkansas athletic team win the NCAA Championship.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The results of Gay's first 2004 US Olympic Trials confirmed his status as a rising contender in the 100 m and 200 m events. Although he did not reach the final of either event, he reached the semis of the highly competitive 100 m and posted a 200 m personal best of 20.07 s in the qualifying stages. A hamstring injury due to dehydration prevented Gay from competing in the 200 m final, but he did not see the trials as a missed opportunity, rather a springboard for future events: "I was really focused upon the team, had a great shot, but it was a learning experience—how to take care of my body." The end of year "Track and Field News" rankings for United States sprinters showed him to be the eighth fastest 100 m runner and the fourth fastest sprinter over 200 m that year—indicative of his potential, he was younger than all those ranked ahead of him.


title: Tyson Gay

text: In Gay's final year as an amateur athlete he started well, setting a personal best and school record of 6.55 s in the 60 m at the 2005 Championship Series. He helped the university team to another NCAA outdoor victory, setting a new personal best of 19.93 s in the 200 m qualifiers and placing third in the finals. Training partner and friend Wallace Spearmon took first place with 19.91 s—his time and Gay's 19.93 s were the second and third-fastest 200 m times in the world that year. The pair teamed up for the relay, along with Michael Grant and Omar Brown, and won with an Arkansas-record-breaking time of 38.49 s. With the NCAA Championships behind him, in June 2005 Gay decided to become a professional athlete, setting his sights on a place in the US 200 m team for the Helsinki World Championships.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Upon turning professional, Gay entered the USA Outdoor Championships, where he took silver in the 200 m with 20.06 s. He was selected for the 200 m at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki and finished fourth, beaten by three of his compatriots (Justin Gatlin, Spearmon and John Capel). This completed the unprecedented feat of a single nation taking the top four positions at the championship event. Gay formed part of the relay team but a poor baton exchange between Mardy Scales and Leonard Scott resulted in disqualification. Later in the month, Gay briefly turned his attentions to the 100 m and scored a season's best of 10.08 s at the Rieti Grand Prix.


title: Tyson Gay

text: He ended the 2005 season on a positive note by winning the gold medal in the 200 m at the World Athletics Final, his first major championship title. His time of 19.96 s was his second fastest that year and fourth fastest of any sprinter that season. Although he stated that the quality of the competition and memories of Helsinki had made him nervous beforehand, he went on to beat all three American sprinters he had lost to in the World Championships, becoming the first athlete to beat Gatlin over 200 m that season. It was not only his rival sprinters that would cause future difficulties, however, as Gay's coach Brauman was indicted for various crimes relating to his time at Barton College and the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. He had helped athletes gain funds and credits that they were not entitled to. Following Gay's testimony, the courts ruled that Brauman was guilty and, as a result, Arkansas' two NCAA titles and all of Gay's college track times were annulled. None of the athletes were charged with any wrongdoing. Although he was imprisoned for 10 months, Brauman continued to train Gay, periodically updating him with coaching routines and techniques.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The 2006 athletics season saw Gay rise to the top of the rankings for the first time and become a genuine contender in the 100 m. He became the 2006 US Outdoor Champion in unfortunate circumstances: Gay originally finished second in 10.07 s with a strong headwind, but Justin Gatlin's first-place finish was later rescinded for use of a banned substance. Gay significantly improved upon his previous 200 m personal best by over two-tenths of a second at the IAAF Grand Prix in Lausanne. However, his time of 19.70 s was not enough to beat newcomer Xavier Carter who ran the second fastest time ever with 19.63 s. Improvements in the 100 m followed, as he won the Rethymno track meet and set another personal best with 9.88 s. Gay scored another sub-10-second 100 m at the Stockholm Grand Prix, finishing second to Asafa Powell with a 9.97 s, and beating Michael Johnson's British all-comers 200 m record with a 19.84 s win in London. Gay continued to improve at the 100 m, revising his personal best to 9.84 s at the Zürich Golden League meet, but it was not enough to beat Powell, who equaled his own world record of 9.77 s.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay's 200 m performance at the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart was the culmination of a highly successful year. He became the World Athletics Final champion with another improved personal best of 19.68 s, making him the joint third-fastest 200 m sprinter with Namibian Frankie Fredericks. Gay was pleased that Fredericks was on site to see his best equaled: "To run that time in front of Frankie is a privilege. He's someone I admire a great deal both as an athlete and as a man." Gay also won a bronze medal in the 100 m, finishing behind Powell and Scott. However, Gay proved himself over 100 m at the 2006 IAAF World Cup, taking gold with a 9.88 s run. At the end of the season, with Gatlin banned from competition, Gay dominated the "Track and Field News" US 2006 list, having run six of the seven fastest 100 m, with Scott in third, and four of the top six 200 m times (behind Carter and Spearmon). Furthermore, he was the second fastest 100 m runner in the world that year, second only to world record holder Powell. Having proven himself to be adept at both 100 and 200 m, Gay reflected upon his development as a sprinter:


title: Tyson Gay

text: With Brauman still serving his sentence, Gay began working with a new coach – Olympic gold medalist Jon Drummond. Drummond was renowned for being quick off the mark, and Gay hoped that he could help improve his starting times.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay aimed to challenge World Record holder Powell's dominance of the 100 m event, stating: "I want this to be a rivalry. I want to step up to the plate".


title: Tyson Gay

text: His performances backed up his remarks, as he started the 2007 outdoor season with two wind-assisted runs of 9.79 s and 9.76 s. The latter time was recorded with a wind only 0.2 m/s over the allowed limit, and was superior to Powell's record of 9.77 s.


title: Tyson Gay

text: At the US National Championships he equaled his 100 m best of 9.84 s while running into the wind. This was a meeting record and the second fastest 100 m time with a headwind after Maurice Greene's 9.82 s run. He followed this with a new 200 m personal best in the finals, again facing an impeding wind. His time of 19.62 s was the second fastest ever; only Johnson's 19.32 s run at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics was faster. Gay was happy with the achievement but noted that the competition was still strong: "I wasn't thinking about any time. I was trying to get away from Spearmon as fast as I could." After noting that he was feeling worn out, Gay had a brief recuperation period in preparation for the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan. He returned to the track in Europe and, while weather conditions were poor, he won the 200 m in Lausanne with 19.78 s and had wins at 100 m events in Sheffield and London. He relished the opportunity to face Powell at the World Championships: both sprinters were undefeated that year and Gay said that he felt ready for the challenge.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Facing each other for the first time that year, the IAAF described the 100 m final in Osaka as "the season's most eagerly-anticipated battle". Gay won with a time of 9.85 s, sprinting ahead of Derrick Atkins and third-placed Powell to become the new 100 m world champion. Although this was the American's first major 100 m title, he remained respectful of Powell:


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay doubled his gold medal count in the 200 m event. He ran a new championship record time of 19.76 s to win a second gold medal, beating Usain Bolt and Spearmon to the post. Bolt was clear to point out that he lost to the better athlete: "I got beaten by the No. 1 man in the world. For the moment, he is unbeatable." Only Maurice Greene and Gatlin had won the sprint double at the Championships before, but Gay eyed a third gold in the relay. The Americans faced stiff competition from the Jamaican team, which included Powell and Bolt. The Jamaicans set a national record, but it was not enough to beat the United States team, who finished in a world-leading time of 37.78 s. Gay won his third gold medal alongside Darvis Patton, Spearmon and Leroy Dixon. The triple-gold haul repeated the feat achieved by Maurice Greene at the 1999 Seville World Championships and Carl Lewis in 1983 and 1987.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Although Gay had been bullish in victory on the track, the achievement did not change him—he remained humble and appreciative to his rivals. In November he was chosen as the IAAF Male World Athlete of the Year for 2007 and in his acceptance speech he paid tribute to his peers, encouraging Powell to remain focused and saying that he highly regarded the Jamaican. He also dismissed comparisons to his forebears, commenting: "I honestly believe that I need to have the World record like some of the other great sprinters like Carl Lewis, Maurice Greene. I think that sets you apart, having medals and having the World record." At the end of the season Gay was elected 2007 Men's Athlete of the Year by "Track and Field News" (topping the year's list as the fastest 100 m and 200 m sprinter), and he won the USATF's Harrison Dillard award as the top US male sprinter.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Following Brauman's release from prison, Gay set out preparing for the Beijing Olympics, training with both Brauman and Jon Drummond in the off-season. Returning to competition in May, he continued as he had left off in 2007: winning the 200 m in Kingston, taking gold in both sprints at the Adidas Track Classic, and finishing second in the 100 m at the Reebok Grand Prix with a 9.85 s run. However, Gay now faced a new, emerging challenger in Usain Bolt; at the latter event Bolt had beaten Gay with a world-record-setting 9.72 s. Taking this into consideration, he realized that a world record time would be needed to beat both Bolt and Powell at the Olympics; Gay aimed to run below 9.70 s. With athletes running such quick times, the US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) sought to counter claims of performance-enhancing drugs use through "Project Believe", a regular, extensive drugs testing program. The BALCO scandal and banning of high-profile athletes, including Gatlin and Marion Jones, damaged the public's perception of sprinting, and USADA recruited Gay to prove clean athletes could be just as successful.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The favorite for qualification in both the 100 m and 200 m at the US Olympic Trials, Gay put in a strong performance in the heats. After a misjudgement in the first round almost caused him to miss out on qualification, Gay resolved to step up his pace, and he won the 100 m quarter-final with a US record-setting run of 9.77 s. Breaking Maurice Greene's nine-year-old record, this made Gay the third fastest 100 m sprinter ever, after rivals Bolt and Powell. In the final the following day, Gay finished first in a wind-aided 9.68 s (+4.1 m/s). This was the fastest ever 100 m time under any conditions, bettering the 9.69 s record which Obadele Thompson had set 12 years earlier. The 200 m event was a significant setback for Gay as he suffered a hamstring injury in the qualifiers and was subsequently ruled out of the event for the Olympics. The injury persisted for several weeks and he dropped out of track meetings in order to recover in time for the Olympics.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay made his track return in Beijing but his injury had reduced his 100 m medal chances and Bolt and Powell were more favored to win the event. The much anticipated Gay, Bolt and Powell final never materialised, however, as Gay failed to qualify in the semi-finals. Finishing fifth after recording 10.05 s, Gay denied that he was still injured, but claimed the hamstring problem had upset his training schedule.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Further disappointment followed as the American relay team, with Gay as anchor, failed to qualify for the final. Darvis Patton and Gay failed to pass on the baton in the heat. Gay personally took responsibility for the dropped baton but Patton denied this was true, saying "That's Tyson Gay. He's a humble guy, but I know it's my job to get the guy the baton and I didn't do that." After stating his desire to win four Olympic gold medals (by adding the 400 meters to his repertoire) earlier in the year, Gay finished the 2008 Olympics without a single medal. Having failed to reach the finals of the 100 m sprint or relay, he reflected upon his failure to make the podium in Beijing: "[I felt the baton] then I went to grab it and there was nothing. It's kind of the way it's been happening to me this Olympics."


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay rounded off the season in Europe, winning in the 200 m at Gateshead, but he had to withdraw from a ÅF Golden League race against Bolt and Powell due to his hamstring injury.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay returned to competition after the indoor athletics season, recording a new 400 m personal best of 45.57 seconds in May. In his first 200 m outing of the season at the Reebok Grand Prix, he set a personal best and meet record of 19.58 seconds. This was the third fastest 200 m run ever, after Bolt and Johnson's world record-setting times. Following a wind-aided (3.4 m/s) 100 m run of 9.75 s at the US Championships, Gay stated that he could beat the world record if he improved his technique. Record holder Bolt dismissed the challenge, saying that it would be difficult for Gay as "he is more of a 200 m runner". At the Golden Gala in July, Gay beat Asafa Powell's 9.88 season's best with a 9.77 second run, equaling his own U.S. record. This improved upon Bolt's previous world leading time of 9.86 seconds.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The first event at the 2009 World Championships in August was the 100 m. After two sub-10 clockings in the preliminary rounds, Gay reached the final, along with Jamaicans Bolt and Powell. He ran a new US record of 9.71 seconds in the race, the third-fastest time in history, but even so had to settle for second place, losing his 100 m world title to Bolt, who knocked 0.11 seconds off the world record with a run of 9.58 seconds.


title: Tyson Gay

text: At the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix, on September 20, 2009, Gay ran the second-fastest men's 100 m on record, winning in 9.69 seconds, matching Usain Bolt's winning time at the Beijing Olympics in 2008. After beating Powell for the sixth time in Daegu, Gay stated that he would reconsider his plans for groin surgery in the off-season as it was mainly a case of resolving discomfort when running, rather than a more serious injury.


title: Tyson Gay

text: At the start of the 2010 outdoor season, Gay ran a new 400 m best time of 44.89 seconds. This run, which improved upon his previous record by nearly seven-tenths of a second, made him the first sprinter ever to run under the significant time barriers in the three sprints – under ten seconds for the 100 m, twenty seconds for the 200 m, and 45 seconds for the 400 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: At the Great City Games in Manchester, England in May, he set his sights on breaking Tommie Smith's 44-year-old world best mark over a 200 m straight. He beat Smith's time of 19.5 by finishing in 19.41 seconds – including a first 100 m of 9.88 and a first 150 m of 14.41 seconds. He suffered from hamstring difficulty after the run but returned to compete at the Prefontaine Classic in Eugene, Oregon, in July – his first meeting of the 2010 IAAF Diamond League. Running over 200 m, he finished in 19.76 seconds but was beaten to the line by Walter Dix, who returned from a year-long hiatus. A week later he attended the British Grand Prix and, in spite of poor conditions, he gained a victory over his rival Asafa Powell with a 9.93-second run. He set a meet record of 19.72 seconds at the Herculis meeting in Monaco later that month, but expressed disappointment with his race execution as Yohan Blake came close to overhauling him at the finish.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The 100 m at the DN Galan meeting in Stockholm saw Gay's first match-up of the year against Bolt. He surprised the Olympic and World champion with a resounding victory, beating him with 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds. This was only the second time Bolt had lost a 100 m final – the first occurring in July 2008 against Powell (also at Stockholm Olympic Stadium). Gay broke Powell's stadium record and earned a one carat diamond for the feat. Gay chose not to overstate the significance of the win, acknowledging that Bolt was far from peak fitness: "It feels great to beat Usain but deep down inside I know he is not 100%. I look forward to beating him when he is". With Bolt and Powell both out with injuries, Gay won unchallenged at the London Grand Prix the following week, running a world leading time of 9.78 seconds despite poor weather. A victory at the Memorial van Damme in 9.79 seconds earned him the first Diamond Race Trophy for the 100 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: He opened his 2011 season with a 14.51-second run in the 150 m straight race at Manchester's Great City Games, just behind Bolt's 2009 run. His season's best run of 9.79 sec for the 100 m came in June in Clermont, Florida, the third-fastest in the event that year. Gay was defeated by Steve Mullings at the adidas Grand Prix in New York, but Mullings failed a doping test later that month and was banned for life. A nagging hip injury led Gay to withdraw from the 2011 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships and in July he underwent acetabular labrum surgery; almost a year passed until the next time he competed.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Showing readiness for the 2012 Olympic Trials, Gay ran in a low key "B race" at the adidas Grand Prix, running ten seconds flat into a headwind. Gay qualified for the 100 meters at the 2012 Summer Olympics after finishing second at the U.S. Olympic trials with a time of 9.86 seconds behind Justin Gatlin. Underlining his return to fitness, he won the 100 m at both the Paris and London legs of the 2012 Diamond League prior to the Olympics.


title: Tyson Gay

text: The 2012 Olympic 100 m final was the fastest-ever Olympic race: seven men under ten seconds. Bolt won in 9.63 seconds and was followed by Yohan Blake. Gay's run of 9.80 meant that he missed out on a bronze medal by one-hundredth of a second to compatriot Justin Gatlin. Gay was visibly upset about his failure to reach the Olympic podium and cried during the post-race interview, saying, "I felt like I ran with the field and I just came up short". The relay final brought Gay his first Olympic medal and an American-record time of 37.04 seconds alongside Trell Kimmons, Gatlin, and Ryan Bailey. Despite equaling the previous world-record mark, the Americans took the silver medal behind Jamaica, whose team improved that record by two-tenths of a second. However, he was later stripped of this medal after failing a drug test in 2013; this also cost the rest of the relay team their medals. In the last two Diamond League 100 m races, he ran 9.83 as runner-up at the Athletissima meet, where Yohan Blake equalled Gay's personal best time, and false started at the Weltklasse 100 m series final.


title: Tyson Gay

text: On July 14, 2013, before the World Championships in Moscow, it was announced that Gay had tested positive for a banned substance in May 2013. Gay admitted the doping, but blamed it on an unspecified third party: "I basically put my trust in someone and was let down." Adidas responded by suspending Gay's sponsorship contract with the sportswear manufacturer. Pending his verdict, he voluntarily withdrew from all competition, including the 2013 World Championships. On May 2, 2014, the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) announced that Gay would be suspended until June 23, 2014, and that all his results from July 15, 2012, until his suspension—including his silver medal from the 2012 Summer Olympics—would be stricken.


title: Tyson Gay

text: In the 2015 World Athletics Championships, Gay, running against Usain Bolt, came only 6th of 9 in the final of the 100 m behind Bolt, Justin Gatlin, Trayvon Bromell, Andre de Grasse and Mike Rodgers.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Competing in the 2016 Summer Olympics, Gay ran the third leg for the USA relay relay team. The team consisted of Justin Gatlin, Mike Rodgers, Trayvon Bromell, and Gay. The team finished third, behind Jamaica and Japan. However, Gay once again was stripped of an Olympic medal, as the American team was disqualified for Justin Gatlin committing a violation. The rule cited was 170.7, which deals with the baton exchange; when Rodgers passed the baton to Gatlin, the baton touched Gatlin's hand before it reached the exchange zone. The American relay team was disqualified in Rio, hence making Gay the fastest man in history to not win a medal at the Olympics. As a result, the Canadian team anchored by Andre de Grasse was awarded bronze.


title: Tyson Gay

text: In September 2016, it was announced that Gay would make a bid to join the U.S. bobsleigh team by competing at the National Push Championships at the Calgary track; however, he withdrew from the competition.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay lives in Clermont, a suburb of Orlando, Florida. He had a daughter with Shoshana Boyd, Trinity, and devoted himself to caring for her. While Brauman was in prison for fraud, Gay looked after the coach's wife and daughter. His mother Daisy married Tim Lowe in 1995, adding two half-siblings, Seth and Haleigh Lowe, to Gay's family.


title: Tyson Gay

text: On October 16, 2016, Trinity Gay, 15, was fatally shot in the neck. She was a bystander during a shootout between occupants of two cars in the parking lot of a Cook Out restaurant in Lexington, Kentucky. She died at University of Kentucky Medical Center shortly thereafter.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay attended the St. John Missionary Baptist Church as a child, and when he returns home he still attends the church services. "I'm a religious man, so I really believe in my God-given ability, that I can do the unexpected. I really do believe I can break a record, or come close to it, or win a medal." He is frequently described as a modest and respectful athlete.


title: Tyson Gay

text: Gay holds the US record in the 100 m with 9.69 s, making him the joint second fastest sprinter, along with Yohan Blake, in the history of the event after Usain Bolt. His 19.58 s makes him history's sixth fastest 200 m runner and the USA's fourth fastest. In 2010 Gay was a member of the fifth-fastest relay team in history, running a 37.45 s with teammates Trell Kimmons, Wallace Spearmon and Michael Rodgers in Weltklasse Zürich 2010. His sprint combination of 100 m and 200 m in 9.84 s and 19.62 s, run over two days in 2007, was the best ever combo at that time. During the Tom Jones Memorial Classic in Gainesville on April 17, 2010, Tyson Gay clocked 44.89 in the 400 m event and became the first man in history to dip under 10.00 in the 100 m, under 20.00 in the 200 m and under 45.00 in the 400 m.


title: Tyson Gay

text: <nowiki>**</nowiki>He was stripped of all his results from the 2012 Olympic Games due to doping violations.


title: Strychnos nux-vomica

text: Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, also known as nux vomica, poison fruit, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are ovate and in size. It is known for being the natural source of the extremely poisonous compound strychnine.


title: Strychnos nux-vomica

text: "Strychnos nux-vomica" is a medium-sized tree with a short, thick trunk. The wood is dense, hard white, and close-grained. The branches are irregular and are covered with a smooth ashen bark. The young shoots are a deep green colour with a shiny coat. The leaves have an opposite decussate arrangement (each opposing pair of leaves at right angles to the next pair along the stem), are short stalked and oval shaped, have a shiny coat, and are smooth on both sides. The leaves are about long and wide. The flowers are small with a pale green colour and a funnel shape. They bloom in the cold season and have a foul smell. The fruit are about the size of a large apple with a smooth and hard shell that when ripened is a mild shade of orange in colour. The flesh of the fruit is soft and white with a jelly-like pulp containing five seeds covered with a soft, woolly substance.


title: Strychnos nux-vomica

text: The seeds have the shape of a flattened disk completely covered with hairs radiating from the center of the sides. This gives the seeds a very characteristic sheen. The seeds are very hard, with a dark gray horny endosperm where the small embryo is housed that gives off no odor but possesses a very bitter taste.


title: Strychnos nux-vomica

text: The toxic fruit is eaten by monkeys and birds, such as the gray langur. It is also commonly eaten by hornbill species.


title: Strychnos nux-vomica

text: It is a major source of the highly poisonous, intensely bitter alkaloids strychnine and brucine derived from the seeds inside the tree's round, green to orange fruit. The seeds contain approximately 1.5% strychnine, and the dried blossoms contain 1.0%. However, the tree's bark also contains brucine and other poisonous compounds.