title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Reks, together with Curt Hawkins, created an animated YouTube series called MidCard Mafia in 2011, which was quickly cancelled and pulled from the internet after complaints from WWE management.


title: Gabbi Tuft

text: Tuft has been married to her wife, Priscilla since July 2002. They have one daughter, Mia, who was born in November 2011.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Crossrail 2 is a proposed hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit route in South East England, running from nine stations in Surrey to three in Hertfordshire, providing a new North–South rail link across Greater London. It would connect the South West Main Line to the West Anglia Main Line, via Victoria and . It is intended to alleviate severe overcrowding that would otherwise occur on commuter rail routes into Central London by the 2030s. Should permission be granted, construction is expected to start around 2023, with the new line opening from the early 2030s. The project's cost has been estimated at £31.2 billion.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The line is the fourth major rail project in the capital since 2000 (East London line extensions opened in May 2010, the Thameslink Programme opened in 2018 and Crossrail which opened in May 2022). National Rail's projections of overcrowding, including in suburbs and tourist destinations less well-served by the Underground, led it to call for more new lines and cross-London line proposals have gained more importance with Euston being named as the terminus of the planned High Speed 2 rail line.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The scheme was shelved as part of the conditions for emergency COVID-19 funding worth £1.8 billion between the government and Transport for London (TfL) announced on 1 November 2020.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The project was earlier known as the Chelsea–Hackney line (or Chelney line) in reference to a potential route. The plan for a line on this alignment has existed in various forms since 1970, initially as an Underground service and later as a standard railway.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Running at between 10 and 15 trains per hour on new rails above ground, connected to a junction north of Dalston:


title: Crossrail 2

text: Above ground, after surfacing south of Wimbledon station, using the existing SWML slow line, and providing between 4 and 20 trains per hour, the southern section comprises:


title: Crossrail 2

text: The results of the consultation were published on 29 November 2013 by TfL and revealed broad support for the Crossrail 2 plans. 96% of respondents supported or strongly supported the plans, whilst 2% opposed or strongly opposed them. The regional route had greater support than the metro route, with 84% of respondents supporting or strongly supporting the regional route versus 73% for the metro plans.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The greatest level of opposition to the principle of Crossrail 2 came from the residents of Kensington and Chelsea, the only area with more than 5% of respondents (16%) who strongly opposed the scheme. Nearly 20% of respondents from this area either opposed or strongly opposed the scheme; the corresponding percentages in all other areas did not exceed 10%.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In June 2014, a consultation began on small modifications to the 2013 proposals. The changes proposed fell broadly into three areas: extending the Alexandra Palace branch to New Southgate; relocation or removal of the Chelsea station; and moving the point at which the two northern branches diverged to beyond either Dalston Junction or Hackney Downs station, calling at only one of these two stations.


title: Crossrail 2

text: A further consultation began in October 2015. In October 2015, the route proposal was changed in three ways:


title: Crossrail 2

text: In January 2015, Surrey County Council published a detailed report lobbying for TfL to consider extending branches to Dorking and Woking.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The cost of the scheme has been estimated at £27–32 billion, in 2014 prices including the cost of new trains and Network Rail works. However Transport for London (TfL) argued the full cost of the project could be £45 billion in 2017. To ease the funding issues TfL recommended spreading the funding over a longer period and completing the project by the 2040s, ten years after the initial projection.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In the 2016 Budget, the Treasury gave the green light for the project, and allocated £80 million towards developing the project, with the aim of bringing forward a Hybrid Bill "this Parliament", meaning before 2020.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In the 2017 Autumn Budget, the Treasury said only that it will "continue to work with Transport for London on developing fair and affordable plans for Crossrail 2, including through an independent review of funding and financing". On 2 March 2018, the UK's Transport Secretary, who represents a seat centred on a prospective terminus of one of the branch lines (Epsom and Ewell), announced Mike Gerrard would lead the Treasury's required Independent Affordability Review, which is expected to conclude in the summer of 2018.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The Mayor of London intends to charge Mayoral Community Infrastructure Levy in the same manner as for the original Crossrail project.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The funding plan for building Crossrail 2 was postponed as part of the £1.8 billion COVID-19 pandemic financial recovery plan agreed by the government and TfL, which also required the option for driverless Crossrail 2 trains to be further investigated. Most consultancy work will be brought to an orderly end, though land for the project will be safeguarded.


title: Crossrail 2

text: A south-west/north-east tube line was originally planned as early as 1901 and a Bill was put before Parliament in 1904. However, political manoeuvring by rival tube magnate Charles Yerkes ended the proposal.


title: Crossrail 2

text: A south-west to north-east tube line was proposed in 1970 by the London Transport Board's London Rail Study as the next project after the completion of the Victoria line and the Fleet line (now the Jubilee line). Designed to relieve pressure on the District, Central and Victoria lines and to link two areas without tube services, the route would have taken over the branch of the District as far as , then followed a new underground alignment via (where it would take over the then Piccadilly line shuttle to Holborn); thence to , and continuing over one of the branches of the Central line. For financial reasons the line was not built, but the idea has remained.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Following the Central London Rail Study of 1989, a route through central London was safeguarded. As the route would serve both King's Cross and King's Road it was suggested that it could be named "Kings line". It was decided, however, that the Jubilee line extension should take priority and the project was postponed.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In 1995, an alternative "Express Metro" plan was put forward that would utilise more existing track, have fewer stations and be built to National Rail standards. It would take one of three routes from on the District line to ; either , and or King's Road as in the original safeguarded plan; or to and and then via Chelsea Harbour and King's Road or via Battersea. From Hackney Central it would split into two branches, to and then on to taking over the Central line; and taking over the North London Line to , a route now followed by the Docklands Light Railway.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The 1991 safeguarding also included a spur south of Victoria across the river to Battersea Park, for stabling trains and to access a riverside tunnelling site.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The London East West Study in 2000 considered Crossrail, the Chelsea–Hackney line and a combination of the two, from to and then to . The Study supposes main-line gauge, and would omit a station at . Its version of the Chelsea-Hackney Regional Metro splits in the north, with one branch via Dalston taking over the branch of the Central line, the other to , then using the disused alignment of the Northern Heights plan, taking over the branch of the Northern line. The Express Metro option would run on the East Coast Main Line.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Crossrail was given the go-ahead in 2007 in preference to the Chelsea–Hackney line, despite some commentators favouring the latter putting implementation after Crossrail's completion date of 2018. The Chelsea–Hackney plans were taken over by Crossrail as "Crossrail 2".


title: Crossrail 2

text: In 2007, the 1991 route was updated – Sloane Square was dropped and the Central line's Epping branch from Leytonstone was re-safeguarded. Due to objections from residents of Sloane Square, it was reinstated the following year. South West Trains' Wimbledon depot was safeguarded as a depot for the line. The safeguarding was enlarged from tube gauge to Network Rail loading gauge as it became clear that larger and longer trains would be needed. Of the three routes proposed for south-west London the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea initially favoured one going south via Imperial Wharf to Clapham Junction, but now supports the takeover of the District line's Wimbledon branch. Under these present plans, only one entirely new station would be constructed, at Chelsea.


title: Crossrail 2

text: A route for the line was safeguarded (legally protected from conflicting development) in 2008. It linked the District line's Wimbledon branch with the Central line's Epping branch via , , , , , , , , , , , and . The safeguarding also includes a spur from Victoria under the Thames to Battersea Park for stabling and access to a tunnelling site. The safeguarded route was reviewed by the Department for Transport in 2013.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Network Rail's July 2011 route utilisation strategy (RUS) for London and the South East supports the existing safeguarded route but speculates about possible modifications in addition to re-routing via Euston. To the south, it suggests that the tunnels should go from Victoria via Clapham Junction to beyond Wimbledon, instead of surfacing near Parsons Green and taking over the District line from there to Wimbledon. To the north, it suggests that the West Anglia corridor would be a better destination than a branch of the Central line. These suggestions are driven by what the RUS sees as the need for extra capacity on the South West Main Line and the West Anglia corridor.


title: Crossrail 2

text: With the planned terminus of HS2 at , Chelsea–Hackney was put back to the top of the agenda for new lines, diverted via Euston.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The London and South East second generation RUS by Network Rail proposed some changes to the safeguarded route: serving rather than the branch of the District line, not serving , and serving as well as . The RUS was also open to changes north of and branches south of Clapham Junction, both of which were seen as later phases.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In July 2015, Surrey County Council commissioned a study to propose in detail and with cost-benefits analysed proposals, services from Surbiton as far as the main line stop of Woking (and whether or not to serve directly the four main intervening stations). Options explored were the re-routing trains so as not to terminate at Waterloo and creative timetabling plans to add capacity to the South West Main Line such as the option of moving trains onto the lighter-used New Guildford Line which runs between Surbiton and Guildford, looking at more semi-fast stopping patterns enabled as well once the Waterloo bottleneck is lifted.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Both TfL routes at both ends of the route serve Clapham Junction to a higher level than relieving the District line, and the Victoria line at its northern end, and the Central line. The regional option relieves the South West Main Line, and congested sections of the Northern line and Piccadilly line, by creating alternative routes for journeys from outside Zones 1 and 2.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In February 2013, business group London First's Crossrail taskforce, chaired by former Secretary of State for Transport Andrew Adonis published its recommendations for Crossrail 2, favouring the regional option. Later the same day, Network Rail endorsed the plans.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In March 2016, the National Infrastructure Commission said that Crossrail 2 should be taken forward "as a priority" and recommended that a bill should pass through Parliament by 2019 with the line opening by 2033.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Boris Johnson, Mayor of London in 2013, said at that time: "The key question now is not whether Crossrail 2 should happen, but how quickly we can get it built". Johnson, as Prime Minister, restated his backing for the project at an event to mark the opening of the Elizabeth Line in May 2022.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The current Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, also supports the proposal, as does the former Secretary of State for Transport Chris Grayling.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Many local authorities in South-east England and London released a letter on 13 April 2017, expressing their support for Crossrail 2. ITV news reported in April 2017 that "dozens of MPs" supported Crossrail 2.


title: Crossrail 2

text: After TfL conducted a public consultation in 2017, it was reported by the Fitzrovia Partnership that 96% of respondents supported Crossrail 2 and 80% of respondents preferred the broader of the two options, the Regional option.


title: Crossrail 2

text: The London Chamber of Commerce announced it support in July 2017 with the Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce announced support for Crossrail 2 in September 2017.


title: Crossrail 2

text: During the Elizabeth line opening ceremony in May 2022, Boris Johnson said that "the government should be 'getting on with' building Crossrail 2", however he also clarified that the business case will need to be written and put forward by Transport for London.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In 2014, Transport for London announced that the site of the art-house Curzon cinema in Soho had been identified as an area that "may be required to enable the construction of a Crossrail 2 ticket hall" and that "plans for the above site redevelopment may include a replacement cinema". In 2015, the chairman of the "Save Soho" campaign group called the development "deeply worrying".


title: Crossrail 2

text: The plans for Wimbledon station involve the redevelopment of parts of Wimbledon town centre, including the Centre Court shopping centre. Merton Council issued a seven-page cross-party objection to the plans.


title: Crossrail 2

text: There was only a short interval between the announcements of the confirmation of continued government support for Crossrail 2 in 2017, and of the scaling back of proposed railway electrification projects which would particularly benefit Wales and Northern England. Money has been earmarked in the longer term to match London's large forecast population growth. All such forecasts rely on assumptions in terms of where people will wish to live, jobs will be created and housing targets have been set accordingly for 2015–2030, in contrast to the low growth forecast for the rest of England, all of which could be altered by government policy. Greater Manchester mayor Andy Burnham considered that the in-principle spending decision gives undue and unbalanced priority to London and South East England over other parts of the United Kingdom.


title: Crossrail 2

text: Between the 1970s and 1990s, proposals were known as the 'Chelsea-Hackney line' owning to the destinations served. The proposed line gained the nickname 'Chelney', following the portmanteau example of the Bakerloo line.


title: Crossrail 2

text: In the 2000s, the project became 'Crossrail 2' in light of the east-west Crossrail project. In 2014, Mayor of London Boris Johnson called for the future line to be called the "Churchill line", after Winston Churchill.


title: Longitudinal study

text: A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over short or long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment.


title: Longitudinal study

text: Longitudinal studies are often used in social-personality and clinical psychology, to study rapid fluctuations in behaviors, thoughts, and emotions from moment to moment or day to day; in developmental psychology, to study developmental trends across the life span; and in sociology, to study life events throughout lifetimes or generations; and in consumer research and political polling to study consumer trends. The reason for this is that, unlike cross-sectional studies, in which different individuals with the same characteristics are compared, longitudinal studies track the same people, and so the differences observed in those people are less likely to be the result of cultural differences across generations, that is, the cohort effect. Longitudinal studies thus make observing changes more accurate and are applied in various other fields. In medicine, the design is used to uncover predictors of certain diseases. In advertising, the design is used to identify the changes that advertising has produced in the attitudes and behaviors of those within the target audience who have seen the advertising campaign. Longitudinal studies allow social scientists to distinguish short from long-term phenomena, such as poverty. If the poverty rate is 10% at a point in time, this may mean that 10% of the population are always poor or that the whole population experiences poverty for 10% of the time.


title: Longitudinal study

text: Longitudinal studies can be retrospective (looking back in time, thus using existing data such as medical records or claims database) or prospective (requiring the collection of new data).


title: Longitudinal study

text: Cohort studies are one type of longitudinal study which sample a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation) and perform cross-section observations at intervals through time. However, not all longitudinal studies are cohort studies, as longitudinal studies can instead include a group of people who do not share a common event.


title: Longitudinal study

text: When longitudinal studies are observational, in the sense that they observe the state of the world without manipulating it, it has been argued that they may have less power to detect causal relationships than experiments. However, because of the repeated observation at the individual level, they have more power than cross-sectional observational studies, by virtue of being able to exclude time-invariant unobserved individual differences and also of observing the temporal order of events.


title: Longitudinal study

text: Longitudinal studies do not require large numbers of participants (as in the examples below). Qualitative longitudinal studies may include only a handful of participants, and longitudinal pilot or feasibility studies often have fewer than 100 participants.


title: Longitudinal study

text: Some of the disadvantages of longitudinal study are that they are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, they are not convenient.


title: Longitudinal study

text: Longitudinal studies cannot avoid attrition effect, that is, subjects cannot continue to participate in the study for various reasons. Under longitudinal research methods, the loss of the research sample will bias the remaining small sample. Practice effect is also one of the problems. Longitudinal studies tend to be biased by the fact that subjects repeat the same procedure many times, and their performance will be improved or decreased.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Group Holdings Berhad () is a Malaysian universal bank headquartered in Kuala Lumpur and operating in high growth economies in ASEAN. CIMB Group is an indigenous ASEAN investment bank. CIMB has a wide retail branch network with 1,080 branches across the region.


title: CIMB

text: The group operates under several entities, which include CIMB Investment Bank, CIMB Bank, CIMB Islamic, CIMB Niaga, CIMB Securities International and CIMB Thai. The group's business activities are primarily in the areas of Consumer Banking, Wholesale Banking, comprising Investment Banking and Corporate Banking, Treasury & Markets, and Group Strategy & Strategic Investments, with its core markets being Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. CIMB Islamic operates in parallel with these businesses, in line with the group's dual banking model.


title: CIMB

text: The group has around 33,000 employees in 18 countries, covering ASEAN and major global financial centres, as well as countries in which its customers have significant business and investment dealings.


title: CIMB

text: The group's geographical reach and its products and services are complemented by partnerships. Its partners include the Principal Financial Group, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Standard Bank and Daewoo Securities, among others.


title: CIMB

text: Bank of Commerce acquired UAB in 1991, in which consequently increased Bank of Commerce's branch network almost fourfold. The listed holding company was then renamed Commerce-Asset Holdings Berhad (CAHB). BBMB merged with CAHB to form the Bumiputra-Commerce Bank in 1999. SBB acquired Ban Hin Lee Bank Berhad and two smaller finance companies, Perdana Finance Berhad and Cempaka Finance Berhad in 2000 as part of a government initiated banking consolidation plan.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB was listed on the main board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange in 2003. In the same year, CIMB Islamic was launched providing customers with Syariah compliant solutions. A year later, it acquired 70% of Commerce Trust Berhad (CTB) and Commerce Asset Fund Managers Berhad (CAFM), leading to the formation of CIMB-Principal, a joint venture with the Principal Group of the United States. Then in 2005, CIMB acquired Singapore based G.K. Goh, which was established in 1979 as an international stock broker. This led to the formation of CIMB-GK, CIMB's international investment banking operations.


title: CIMB

text: In 2005, CAHB announced a decision to create a universal bank by combining its commercial and investment banks. Following this announcement, Bumiputra-Commerce Group was acquired by CIMB. As part of the exercise, CAHB was renamed Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings and it completed its restructuring exercise in January 2006. The new CIMB Group was known as a universal bank. It made a transition to a full-service banking provider serving corporates to individuals. Then in March, CIMB Group acquired SBB after extensive negotiations. After the acquisition, on 7 September 2006, CIMB Group was launched by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.


title: CIMB

text: In 2007, CIMB Group launched its presence in both Thailand and USA through the establishment of CIMB-GK Securities (Thailand) Ltd. and CIMB-GK Securities (USA) Inc. In November, CIMB Foundation launched as a not-for-profit organisation that will carry out the group's corporate social responsibility.


title: CIMB

text: 2008: CIMB Group entered into an agreement for a 19.99% stake in Bank of Yingkou adding mainland China to the Group's network. In the same year CIMB Group undertook the merger of PT Bank Niaga TBK with PT Bank Lippo Tbk to create the sixth-largest bank in Indonesia. CIMB Group and the Principal Financial Group launched CIMB-Principal Islamic Asset Management also in that year. Lastly, CIMB Group entered into an agreement with Financial Institutions Development Fund to purchase a 42.13% stake in Bank Thai Public Company.


title: CIMB

text: In 2009, CIMB Bank and CIMB Islamic moved to a new headquarters, the 39-storey Menara Bumiputra-Commerce which houses CIMB Group's consumer banking franchises. The building site was the location of the bank's predecessors, Bank Bumiputra and the United Asian Bank. In the same year, CIMB Thai was officially launched with its new brand and logo unveiled to the public in May 2009 by Khun Korn Chatikavanji, Thailand's Minister of Finance. In September, CIMB Group set up retail banking services in Singapore through CIMB Bank Singapore.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Group expanded to Cambodia through the fully owned subsidiary CIMB Bank Plc in 2010. The first branch, which also serves as the headquarters, was officially launched in Phnom Penh on 19 November 2010. In 2012, CIMB Group purchased the Asian investment banking business of Royal Bank of Scotland, including the RBS franchise in Australia for GBP173.9 million (MYR849.4 million). CIMB claimed to become the largest investment banking franchise based in Asia Pacific (ex-Japan). CIMB ranked at 10 for the world's largest Islamic banks in 2020, moving up two spots from the previous year.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Group has full-fledged consumer banking services across its main operating markets in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia and Philippines. The divisions which comprise Consumer Banking are:


title: CIMB

text: The wholesale banking business comprises two divisions: Investment Banking and Corporate Banking, Treasury & Markets.


title: CIMB

text: Investment Banking comprises Corporate Client Solutions, which covers the bank's institutional and corporate clients and Sector Specialists in real estate and agribusiness; the Advisory business unit which consists of Corporate Finance and Project Advisory; the Group Equities business unit comprising Equity Capital Markets (ECM), Institutional Sales, Research, Retail Equities, Futures Broking and Securities Services; and the Group Asset Management business unit which is the bank's retail and institutional fund management arm.


title: CIMB

text: Corporate Banking, Treasury and Markets is responsible for corporate banking; transaction banking; the group's markets, sales and trading businesses in interest rates, credit, foreign exchange, commodities, equities and their derivatives; debt capital markets; fixed income investments; and treasury and funding operations for the group.


title: CIMB

text: Group Strategy and Strategic Investments consists of Group Strategy, Private Equity and Strategic Investments. The division is responsible for undertaking the bank's initiatives in important regional markets.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Islamic is CIMB Group's global Islamic banking and finance franchise. It offers the full complement of Shariah-compliant financial solutions, operating in parallel with the group's universal banking franchise.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Group Holdings Berhad has been listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia since 1987 with a market capitalisation of RM38.7 billion. Total assets at the end of 2015 were RM461.6 billion, with total shareholders’ funds of RM41.1 billion and total Islamic assets of RM70.7 billion.


title: CIMB

text: The group is a regional universal bank with ASEAN as its core market. The group is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It has 1,080 branches across eight out of the 10 ASEAN nations. Its wholesale division encompasses its indigenous investment bank in ASEAN plus corporate banking, treasury and markets, and group strategy and strategic investments.


title: CIMB

text: Products and services are complemented with partnerships with various companies including the Principal Financial Group, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Daewoo Securities, Sun Life Assurance, Allianz Insurance, Thai Life Insurance, Sri Ayudhya General Insurance, Kotak Mahindra Group, Mapletree Investments, and TrustCapital Advisors. Outside ASEAN, CIMB Group has representation in China (mainland and Hong Kong), the United States, Bahrain, the United Kingdom, India and Sri Lanka.


title: CIMB

text: The group has full-fledged consumer banking services across its four main operating markets of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand, plus a growing presence in Cambodia and the Philippines.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Bank's Authorized Agent Banks (AAB's) directly cover Malaysia and Singapore. BDO Universal Bank Inc. directly covers the Philippines and is an (AAB) Authorized Agent Bank for International Treaty Tax Collection.


title: CIMB

text: Malaysia is the largest market for CIMB Bank and there were 294 branches, 7.8 million customers, 2,199 ATMs, and over 20,000 staff at the end of 2011.


title: CIMB

text: The all-digital CIMB Bank Philippines was established in December 2018 and officially launched in 2019, using a mobile app called OCTO as a platform through which users can open accounts and manage transactions.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Bank in Singapore had two branches, 277,000 customers, six ATMs and over 1,300 staff at the end of 2011. CIMB Bank in Cambodia had seven branches, 3,100 customers, 10 ATMs and over 90 staff at the end of 2011.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Investment Bank is the investment banking arm of CIMB Group with offices in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, China (Hong Kong and Shanghai), Thailand, Australia, Korea, India, the United Kingdom, the United States, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.


title: CIMB

text: The investment banking products and services offered by CIMB Investment Bank cover corporate advisory, corporate finance, equity markets, debt markets, research, private equity, real estate investment management, fund management, wealth management and private banking services.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB has remittance tie ups with BDO Universal Bank in the Philippines for secure cross border money transfers.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Islamic is the global Islamic banking and finance arm of CIMB Group. It offers Shariah-compliant financial solutions in investment banking, consumer banking, asset management, takaful, private banking and wealth management. CIMB Islamic products and operations are managed in strict compliance with Shariah principles under the guidance of the CIMB Islamic Shariah Committee.


title: CIMB

text: Established in 1955 as Bank Niaga, CIMB Niaga is the group's consumer banking arm in Indonesia and as at end 2011, it was the fifth largest bank in terms of assets and the third largest mortgage provider.


title: CIMB

text: It has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since 1989 and had a market capitalisation of about Rp30,660.6 billion at the end of 2011 with shareholders' funds of Rp18.3 trillion and total assets of Rp166.8 trillion. CIMB Niaga offers a comprehensive range of conventional and Shariah compliant products and services. At the end of 2011, it had 901 branches, 4.2 million customers, 1,749 ATMs, and nearly 14,000 staff.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Group Holdings Berhad had a 97.93% stake in CIMB Niaga, including 1.02% of PT Commerce Kapital, at the end of 2011.


title: CIMB

text: Established 1949 as The Union Bank of Bangkok and later changed name as BankThai (since 1998), CIMB Thai is the group's consumer banking arm in Thailand. It was the 10th largest listed commercial bank in Thailand in terms of assets and the seventh largest in terms of market capitalisation at the end of 2011. It had a market capitalisation of about THB47.0 billion at the end of 2011, with shareholders' funds of THB13.32 billion and total assets of THB168.02 billion.


title: CIMB

text: CIMB Thai offers a range of financial products and services to customers, both corporate and retail. At the end of 2011, CIMB Thai had 157 branches, 2.2 million customers, 533 ATMs and over 4,000 staff. CIMB Group Holdings Berhad has a 93.15% stake in CIMB Thai since 2009.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad ( , , ; literally "Orange City") is the capital and largest city of Aruba, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is located on the southern coast near the western end of the island country. In the local language, Papiamento, Oranjestad is often referred to as "Playa". In 2010, the population of the capital was 28,294.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: The town was built around Fort Zoutman shortly after it was built in 1796. Initially, the town had no official name, being known only as the town on the Bay of Horses ("Paardenbaai" in Dutch), a place from which horses were raised and exported to neighbouring Curaçao and Jamaica. In the early 19th century, Oranjestad was like a village, because Aruba had no large plantations or international traders. The total population of the island in 1816 was estimated at 1,732 most of whom were farmers. Fort Zoutman was the main building around which 200 small houses had been erected. The town had two churches: one Catholic and one Protestant. Nearby was the fishing village of Rancho.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad became the capital city of the island in 1824. It was named after the first King William I of the Netherlands. During that period interest in Aruba increased due to the discovery of alluvial gold deposits. The oil industry discovered Aruba in 1924. The establishment of an oil refinery by Lago Oil and Transport Company not only resulted in a population increase, but a significant increase in the prosperity of the island. From the 1960s onwards, tourism became more important and has resulted in the creation of a large hotel zone. Administratively, the city has been split in two districts: East and West. Oranjestad, Noord and Santa Cruz have merged into one near continuous urban area covering the north of the island.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: There is some Dutch Colonial architecture. Due to increased government interest in maintaining the island's cultural heritage, a number of old buildings and houses in the center of town have been transformed into colorfully restored landmarks, such as the lime-colored City Hall on Wilhelminastraat.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad is home to the football teams SV Dakota, SV Racing Club Aruba, and SV River Plate Aruba, all of which play in the top Aruban Division di Honor.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Air Aruba once had its headquarters in Oranjestad. Air Aruba suspended its operations on 23 October 2000.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Tiara Air has had its head office in Oranjestad since 2006, except between 2014 and 2016 when the company suspended services due to the Venezuelan Airline Crisis.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Several modern recreations have emerged, including the outdoor shopping mall at Royal Plaza, and a few scattered buildings along Main Street and on the Main Square.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Fort Zoutman is one of the town's attractions, others being the tax-free harbour and the Willem III Tower, located near the fort.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: The touristically named Renaissance Island (formerly Sonesta Island) is a cay (or barrier reef) island, officially known as the Bucuti Rif and it is off the coast near Oranjestad. It is privately owned and has the only private beaches on Aruba. There are two beaches: Iguana Beach and Flamingo Beach. A Beechcraft 18 and a Convair 400 were both deliberately sunk about offshore to create a diving site. Flamingoes can be seen on the island. However, they are not native to Aruba.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Small portions of the city are formed from a series of man-made expansions of land into the sea. Present-day Renaissance Marketplace (formerly Seaport Marketplace), as well as the adjacent Queen Wilhelmina Park, lies within this land reclamation. The Oranjestad Reef Islands Important Bird Area lies adjacent to the main harbour.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSh"). Temperatures are high year-round, the air is humid with low diurnal temperature variation also year-round, whilst rainfall is very low due to the region lying in a zone of divergence between the southeast trade winds to the south and the North American Monsoon further north. The exception to this aridity occurs during the short rainy season from September to January when the southward retreat of the Intertropical Convergence Zone generates more frequent moist northeasterly winds.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad is served by the Queen Beatrix International Airport, from the city center. Its downtown is served by a tramway line inaugurated in December 2012.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: "Caya G. F. Betico Croes", also called Main Street, is Aruba's main shopping street in Oranjestad, however in the past few years shoppers have increasingly turned to Lloyd G. Smith Boulevard, the main thoroughfare in the city. This is in part because the boulevard is closer to the cruise ship terminal and harbour area.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad is home to Paardenbaai, the largest port on the island for passengers. Paardenbaai is capable of docking up to five large vessels. A port for cargo vessels is at Barcadera to the east. In 2016, Barcadera became the main cargo port. Plans have been proposed to increase loading capacity at Oranjestad, and for the construction of a marina to make up for inadequate docking space available for yachts and fishing boats.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Traffic in the center of town is a growing issue for island commuters. The government is under pressure to make improvements to the periphery, which runs around the city. In late 2006 planning began for the installment of a roundabout, along the main boulevard and next to the Free Zone, at one of the island's most troublesome intersections. The plans were completed in 2008. In the meantime, several businesses and government departments have relocated their offices outside of the city centre, spurring a boom in construction and modernisation.


title: Oranjestad, Aruba

text: Oranjestad is home to the University of Aruba, which offers programs in law and economics, and to the island's largest secondary school ("Colegio Arubano"), both modeled on the Dutch system. Many students enroll in universities in the Netherlands for graduate and postgraduate degrees.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: The Challenge: Rivals is the 21st season of the MTV reality game show, "The Challenge". "Rivals" takes place in Costa Rica, Argentina, and Patagonia. The season used former cast members from "The Real World" and "The Challenge". "Rivals" marked the first season of "The Challenge" not to include any cast members from "Road Rules".


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: The season featured a format in which players were teamed with their arch enemies from past seasons of "The Real World" and "The Challenge". The season premiered on June 22, 2011, and concluded with the "S#!% They Should Have Shown" special on September 7, 2011.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: This is the first edition of the "Rivals" series, with "" and "" following in 2013 and 2016, respectively.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: This season of "The Challenge" featured a brand new format, consisting of 14 same-gender teams — seven male and seven female. Each team will consist of players who will be paired with their "worst enemies," whom they have engaged in bitter feuds, fights and rivalries with in previous "Real World" and/or "Challenge" seasons. This format was inspired by ESPN columnist Bill Simmons in a mailbag by someone known as "B.J. from Brooklyn (where it was dubbed “Mortal Enemies” but maintained the premise) Simmons and Dave Jacoby further discussed this idea on the B.S. Report, Simmons' podcast.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: Each team participates in numerous challenges (sometimes called "missions"), which are followed by an elimination round called "The Jungle." Each challenge is alternatively designated as either a male or a female challenge day. The winning team of the gender not designated for the Jungle is awarded $2,000. The winning team whose gender is designated for elimination wins immunity from the Jungle, while the team that finishes last is automatically sent to the Jungle. An open deliberation and vote then held among the players to determine which team of the same gender will face the last-place finisher in the Jungle. The team who wins the elimination round returns to the game and has a shot at a $300,000 prize, while the losing team is eliminated from the game.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: At the end of the season, six teams will compete in the final challenge — three of each gender. The first-place male and female teams win $100,000 apiece, second-place wins $50,000 and the third-place finishers go home empty-handed.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: "Rivals" combines individuals who have had acrimonious or at least strained relations or interactions prior to the season. The following lists all the teams on "Rivals", and explains why they've been paired and dubbed as "rivals." Each of the teams' history of animosity and/or open expressions of hostility are detailed.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: The first part of the final challenge begins with each team being dragged 200 yards by a rope under water, from a boat, and once each team releases themselves from the boat, they have to swim to their designated kayaks, and paddle their way three miles to the end of the river. Once each team has changed into their team uniforms, they arrive at their first checkpoint, "Pet Rock," in they have to carry a heavy rock and chain. Once teams arrive at a "Memories" campsite, they have to memorize the details and placement of each item present at the example campsite for a later checkpoint. After studying the details of the campsite, each team advances to a "Pile Up" checkpoint, which involves shoveling mounds of dirt into a wheelbarrow, and transferring the dirt into their designated dumpzone. Teams cannot advance until their designated dumpzone is completely filled with dirt. Each team then arrives at a "Re-creation Campsite," in which each team has to memorize the details from the earlier example campsite. If a team copies each detail of the aforementioned campsite correctly, they can advance to the next checkpoint, if not, they have to return to the original example campsite. The next checkpoint is "Final Feast," in which each team has to eat every item on their plate, but results in each player vomiting. After the Final Feast, each team hikes up a mountain before sunset, and at nightfall, arrives at a "Sleep or Stand" checkpoint, in which one player can sleep while their partner has to balance on a rock. If a player falls off the rock, they have to wake their sleeping partner and trade places with their partner. The second part of the final challenge begins in the morning, with each team racing to the top of a mountain. The order of the teams starting up the mountain is determined by each teams' arrival at the "Stand or Sleep" checkpoint—first place gets a two-minute head-start, while second place gets a one-minute head-start. Each team hikes to the top of a mountain, and has to go on a search & rescue, using avalanche beacons which are programmed to locate the keys needed to unlock the trophies at the finish line.


title: The Challenge: Rivals

text: "The Challenge: Rivals Reunion" was aired on August 31, 2011, and was hosted by Maria Menounos. The cast members who attended the reunion were: Evelyn, Paula, Jenn, Mandi, Laurel, Cara Maria, Leroy, Mike, Tyler, Johnny Bananas, Wes, Kenny, Adam and CT.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Raymond Neal Clemence, (5 August 1948 – 15 November 2020) was an England international football goalkeeper and part of the Liverpool team of the 1970s. He is one of only 31 players to have made over 1,000 career appearances, and holds the record for the most clean sheets in the history of football (460). Winning three European Cups, five League titles, two UEFA Cups, a UEFA Super Cup, an FA Cup and a League Cup with Liverpool, the last of his 665 appearances for the club was the victorious 1981 European Cup Final. In 1981, after being phased out at Liverpool, Clemence joined Tottenham Hotspur, winning a UEFA Cup, an FA Cup, and a Charity Shield with them, before retiring from football in 1988.


title: Ray Clemence

text: After brief spells as joint-manager at Tottenham (alongside Doug Livermore) and sole manager at Barnet in the first half of the 90s, he acted as head of the FA Development Team, overseeing the development made by players in the England youth teams from under-16 to 21 level, having previously been part of the England senior team's backroom staff.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Born in Skegness, Lincolnshire, Clemence played eight matches on trial for Notts County, but was ultimately not signed by the Meadow Lane club. He was spotted by Scunthorpe United whilst playing in a county-cup final at their Old Showground ground for his local youth club Skegness Cosmos. After starring in the Cosmos' 4-3 victory, Clemence was invited for formal trials with "The Iron", which he duly passed. Clemence went on to sign professional terms for Scunthorpe on his 17th birthday, 5 August 1965, shortly before the start of Scunthorpe's 1965–66 Third Division campaign.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Despite initially playing in the club's 'third team', Clemence's big break arrived later in his debut season - making his professional debut in a 1-1 draw at home to Swansea Town on 2 April 1966. Prior to this debut, Clemence remembers a key behind-the-scenes intervention from two Scunthorpe coaches: "Jack Brownsword and Alan Bushby pulled me aside, gave me a pep talk and told me they thought I could play for England one day but 'you've got to work at it'".


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence went on to make four appearances in total throughout his debut season, including earning his first professional clean sheet in a 1-0 victory away at Southend United. Having spent much of that season as understudy to the experienced former Wolverhampton Wanderers and Aston Villa custodian Geoff Sidebottom, Clemence later cited Sidebottom as a crucial early mentor: "I learned a lot from Geoff. He taught me how to look after myself because 'keepers were a lot less protected then."


title: Ray Clemence

text: During his time at the club, Clemence lived with Mrs Ruby Duce of King Edward Street in Scunthorpe; in the very same digs which would then immediately be occupied by Ray's future England and Liverpool teammate Kevin Keegan following Clemence's departure to Liverpool.


title: Ray Clemence

text: After being reintroduced to the side after they had lost their opening three games in all competitions, Clemence became Scunthorpe's undisputed first-choice goalkeeper in their following 1966–67 Third Division campaign, in which they finished a disappointing 18th. After manager and ex-Busby Babe Freddie Goodwin departed mid-season for the New York Generals in the nascent North American Soccer League, Clemence spent the latter half of his season under the guidance of caretaker player-manager Keith Burkinshaw, who would later also sign the player for Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Ray Clemence

text: And despite Clemence himself worrying that a humiliating 7-1 defeat away to arch-rivals Grimsby Town could end his professional career, Scunthorpe's faith in him never waivered and this defeat proved to be the second game in a run of 46 consecutive starts he made to see out all of Scunthorpe's remaining league and cup matches.


title: Ray Clemence

text: This run took Clemence's figures to 50 appearances and 12 clean sheets in all competitions for Scunthorpe; but unbeknownst to him, he had been scouted in 12 games by legendary Liverpool manager Bill Shankly and his coaching staff. This came to fruition later that summer, when Clemence was forced to leave a beachside deckchair-stacking shift early, with the news that an urgent telegram awaited him at home. This was because Liverpool's bid for the now 18-year-old shot-stopper had been accepted, and the Scunthorpe chairman personally drove Clemence to Anfield in his Rolls Royce the next morning.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Looking back on his time with the club, Clemence fondly recalled how Scunthorpe United was: "A club I'm proud to be associated with. While I was there it was like being part of a family.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence was signed by Liverpool manager Bill Shankly on 24 June 1967 from Scunthorpe United for a fee of £18,000. He made his debut and kept his first clean sheet in a League Cup third round tie at Anfield on 25 September 1968, Swansea Town were the visitors and were beaten 2–0. He was nurtured through the reserve side over the next two years, with the occasional senior appearance, until 1970, at which point he became the club's first choice goalkeeper.


title: Ray Clemence

text: In 1971 Liverpool reached the FA Cup Final, where Clemence played well but Arsenal scored twice in extra time to overcome Liverpool's lead and win the game 2–1. There would be joy for Clemence two seasons later in 1973 when Liverpool won both the League title and UEFA Cup, with Clemence saving a penalty in the final of the latter against Borussia Mönchengladbach. The penalty save meant that Liverpool took a 3–0 lead to Germany with them, rather than 3–1. Gladbach won 2–0 at home, had Jupp Heynckes scored the penalty, then with the same second-leg result the tie would have finished 3–3 on aggregate, and Borussia Mönchengladbach would have won on the away goals rule. The 1973–74 season saw Liverpool claim yet more silverware winning the FA Cup with a comprehensive 3–0 victory over Newcastle United.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Liverpool won another League and UEFA Cup double in 1976 and then made a bid for a unique treble a year later. They achieved the first leg when they won the League title, but lost the FA Cup final 2-1 to rivals Manchester United. A few days later, Liverpool won the European Cup for the first time in Rome, defeating Borussia Mönchengladbach 3–1. In the second half Clemence made a magnificent save against Uli Stielike when the score was 1–1.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Liverpool retained the European Cup in 1978 with a narrow 1–0 win over Club Brugge at Wembley, but conceded their League title to Nottingham Forest, to whom they also lost in the League Cup final. In 1979 and 1980, Clemence kept goal as Liverpool clinched the League title in each season. The 1978–79 League success saw Clemence set a record that was never beaten under the two points for a win system, conceding only 16 goals in the 42 league matches (and just 4 at Anfield). This remarkable record remains for a 42-match season and endured until beaten in the 2004–05 season by Chelsea, who conceded 15 goals in the 38 League matches.


title: Ray Clemence

text: In 1981 Liverpool won the League Cup, and for the third time the European Cup, the latter with a 1–0 win over Real Madrid in a dour contest at the Parc des Princes on 27 May. It turned out to be Clemence's last game for the club.


title: Ray Clemence

text: The emergence of Bruce Grobbelaar put Clemence's place in the side under threat for the first time in eleven years (during which period he played in more than 650 matches and missed a mere six), and he decided to leave Liverpool to join Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £300,000.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence left Liverpool to join Tottenham Hotspur in 1981 for a fee of £300,000. The two clubs reached the 1982 League Cup final, which Liverpool won 3–1. Spurs did, however, win the 1982 FA Cup, defeating QPR 1–0 after a replay.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence's first Tottenham appearance was in the 1981 FA Charity Shield against Aston Villa at Wembley on 22 August 1981, where Mark Falco and Peter Withe each scored twice in an entertaining 2–2 draw. His League debut came a week later with a winning start at Ayresome Park, where Spurs beat Middlesbrough 3–1. His first clean-sheet came three games later on 12 September at Molineux, when he kept Wolverhampton Wanderers off the scoresheet in the 1–0 victory.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Spurs won the UEFA Cup in 1984. Clemence missed the final against Anderlecht through injury, but was on the bench as substitute goalkeeper in a match famously won when Tony Parks saved twice during the penalty shootout. Clemence reached a fifth FA Cup final in 1987, where Spurs lost to Coventry City. He is in a select group of players who have appeared in five or more FA Cup finals. Clemence sustained an Achilles tendon injury in Tottenham's away match at Norwich in October 1987, which forced his retirement from playing in 1988. Shortly after retiring Clemence joined the Spurs coaching staff.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence was a regular for England between 1972 and 1983 making his debut and keeping his first clean-sheet in the 1–0 World Cup qualifier win over Wales at Ninian Park on 15 November 1972. England failed to qualify for World Cups in 1974 and 1978. Clemence was part of the squad which qualified for Euro 1980 but the team failed to qualify from Group 2. In 1982, he was in the squad which qualified for the World Cup, but again England did not progress beyond the quarter-final stage.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence captained England, once, the first keeper to do so since Frank Swift. The game in question was a friendly with Brazil, although Clemence couldn't prevent the Brazilians from scoring as England lost 1–0.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Because of injury to his left knee Clemence was retired from international football with 61 England caps in a 12-year international career. The presence of another goalkeeper, Peter Shilton, meant that the England management struggled to decide which keeper was the best, and ended up alternating their selection. Shilton ended up as first choice keeper for the rest of the 1980s, playing in two more World Cups and attaining a record 125 caps.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence retired in 1988 and joined the coaching staff at Spurs, working his way through to the first team, before leaving to become joint manager of Barnet (with fellow goalkeeper Gary Phillips) in January 1994. At the start of the 1994–95 season, he took sole charge leading Barnet to ninth and 13th in Division 3.


title: Ray Clemence

text: In August 1996 he was recruited by his former Spurs and England teammate Glenn Hoddle as goalkeeping coach for the England team, a position he continued to hold under Hoddle's successors Kevin Keegan and Sven-Göran Eriksson. He remained in that position under Steve McClaren until he was replaced by Italian Franco Tancredi as goalkeeping coach in December 2007, as Fabio Capello took charge of the national team. Clemence, however, remained part of the England backroom staff, and when Roy Hodgson took over as manager, he reinstated Clemence to the Goalkeeper coach role. On 11 June 2012, he snapped his Achilles tendon during England's warmups for their game against France during Euro 2012.


title: Ray Clemence

text: He was the head of the F.A.'s Head of Development Team, where his role was to oversee the England under 16s, 17s, 18s, 19s and 20 sides, working with England U21 coach Stuart Pearce in monitoring the players' progress to the U21 side. He also occasionally worked as a pundit on TV and radio, and commented on current goalkeeping stories in football.


title: Ray Clemence

text: In 2013, Clemence retired; being "lavishly saluted", and being bought a gift from the England national team; despite his last appearance at an international level being 30 years earlier.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence was appointed an MBE in the 1987 Birthday Honours for services to football. His son, Stephen, was a midfield player who came through the ranks at Spurs and Birmingham City, before retiring injured from Leicester City in 2010. He was the Newcastle United first team coach under Steve Bruce. Clemence's daughter Sarah also has footballing connections, being the wife of former Crystal Palace and Nottingham Forest manager and Scotland striker Dougie Freedman.


title: Ray Clemence

text: In February 2005, Clemence announced that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and that he would spend time away from the England squad whilst he received treatment. He was the second member of Eriksson's staff to be diagnosed with prostate cancer; Brian Kidd was diagnosed with the disease prior to Euro 2004.


title: Ray Clemence

text: Clemence is held in high regard by both Liverpool and Tottenham fans. He was voted in at No. 11 on the Liverpool Football Club web site poll "100 Players Who Shook The Kop"; he was also the highest placed goalkeeper. He was also chosen as goalkeeper in the BBC's Merseyside team of the 20th century, and topped "Total Football"s poll of the best ever goalkeeper, beating players of the calibre of Peter Shilton, Lev Yashin, Gordon Banks and Pat Jennings.


title: Chūbu region

text: The , Central region, or is a region in the middle of Honshū, Japan's main island. In a wide, classical definition, it encompasses nine prefectures ("ken"): Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Toyama, and Yamanashi.


title: Chūbu region

text: It is located directly between the Kantō region and the Kansai region and includes the major city of Nagoya as well as Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan coastlines, extensive mountain resorts, and Mount Fuji.


title: Chūbu region

text: The region is the widest part of Honshū and the central part is characterized by high, rugged mountains. The Japanese Alps divide the country into the Pacific side, sunny in winter, and the Sea of Japan side, snowy in winter.


title: Chūbu region

text: Although Mie is part of Kinki/Kansai/Western Japan in traditional geographical regional divisions, Northern Mie is part of the metropolitan area around Nagoya, and Mie is in many practical contexts considered to be part of Tōkai/Chūbu/Central Japan. Including Mie, Chūbu had a population of 23,010,276 as of 1 June 2019.


title: Chūbu region

text: In the MLIT of the central government, the jurisdiction of the Chūbu regional development bureau (中部地方整備局, "Chūbu-chihō seibi-kyoku"; ) extends to five prefectures: Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and the Southern part of Nagano.


title: Chūbu region

text: In the National Police Agency, the Chūbu Regional Police Bureau (中部管区警察局, "Chūbu kanku keisatsu-kyoku"; ) is responsible for six prefectural police forces: Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi and Mie.


title: Chūbu region

text: In local government, the Chūbu area governors' association (中部圏知事会, "Chūbuken chijikai") unites the governors of Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and Shiga and the mayor of Nagoya City in Aichi.


title: Chūbu region

text: Located in the center of the Japanese archipelago. It refers to the area between the Kanto, Tohoku and Kansai regions. It began to be used in the late Meiji era as a tentative name for unclassified areas. In a broad sense, it often refers to the eight regional divisions and similar ranges. In a narrow sense it may refer to a range similar to the Tōkai region.


title: Chūbu region

text: The terrain is mainly rugged and mountainous except for the Nōbi Plain and coastal areas. The steep Japanese Alps rise in the central area. It is located between Tokyo and Osaka, which are the east-west centers of the Japanese economy and culture. Thus the Chubu region has various differences between the eastern side and the western side.


title: Chūbu region

text: The Chūbu region covers a large and geographically diverse area of Honshū which leads to it generally being divided into three distinct subregions: Tōkai, Kōshin'etsu, and Hokuriku. There is also another subregion occasionally referred to in business circles called Chūkyō.


title: Chūbu region

text: The Tōkai region, mostly bordering the Pacific Ocean, is a narrow corridor interrupted in places by mountains that descend into the sea.


title: Chūbu region

text: Since the Tokugawa period (1600–1867), this corridor has been critical in linking Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka. One of old Japan's most important ancient roadways, the Tōkaidō, ran through it connecting Tokyo (at that time called Edo) and Kyoto, the old imperial capital. In the twentieth century, it became the route for new super-express highways and high-speed railroad lines (shinkansen). The area consists of Aichi, Mie, Shizuoka, and southern Gifu prefectures.


title: Chūbu region

text: A number of small alluvial plains are found in the corridor section. A mild climate, favorable location relatively close to the great metropolitan complexes, and availability of fast transportation have made this area a center for truck-gardening and out-of-season vegetables. Upland areas of rolling hills are extensively given over to the growing of mandarin oranges and tea. Nagoya, which faces Ise Bay, is a center for heavy industry, including iron and steel and machinery manufacturing. The corridor also has a number of small but important industrial centers. The western part of Tōkai includes the Nōbi Plain, where rice was being grown by the seventh century.


title: Chūbu region

text: The three Tōkai prefectures centered on Nagoya (Aichi, Gifu, and Mie) have particularly strong economic ties, and the parts of these prefectures that are closest to the city comprise the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. This area boasts the third strongest economy in Japan and this influence can sometimes extend into the more remote parts of these prefectures that are farther away from Nagoya. Thus, these three prefectures are sometimes called the "Chūkyō region" in a business sense. This name does not see widespread usage throughout Japan; however, as the economy in the area strengthens, this name may become more well-known country-wide.


title: Chūbu region

text: Kōshin'etsu is an area of complex and high rugged mountains—often called the "roof of Japan"—that include the Japanese Alps. The population is chiefly concentrated in six elevated basins connected by narrow valleys. It was long a main silk-producing area, although output declined after World War II. Much of the labor formerly required in silk production was absorbed by the district's diversified manufacturing industry, which included precision instruments, machinery, textiles, food processing, and other light manufacturing. Kōshin'etsu means Yamanashi, Nagano, and Niigata prefectures; Niigata is also included to the Hokuriku region. Yamanashi, Nagano and northern Gifu Prefecture are sometimes referred to as Chūō-kōchi or Tōsan region.


title: Chūbu region

text: The Hokuriku region lies on the Sea of Japan coastline, northwest of the massive mountains that comprise Kōshin'etsu. Hokuriku includes the four prefectures of Ishikawa, Fukui, most of Niigata and Toyama,


title: Chūbu region

text: The district has very heavy snowfall (sometimes enough to block major roads) and strong winds in winter, and its turbulent rivers are the source of abundant hydroelectric power. Niigata Prefecture is the site of domestic gas and oil production as well. Industrial development is extensive, especially in the cities in Niigata and Toyama; Fukui and Ishikawa prefectures also have large manufacturing industries.


title: Chūbu region

text: Historically, Hokuriku's development is owed to markets in the Kansai region, however recently the urban areas at the heart of the Kantō region and Tōkai region are having a heavy an influence as well. Hokuriku has port facilities which are mainly to facilitate trade with Russia, Korea and China. Transportation between Niigata and Toyama used to be geographically limited and so Niigata has seen especially strong influence from the Kantō region, because of this Niigata Prefecture is often classified as being part of the Kōshin'etsu region with Nagano and Yamanashi Prefectures.


title: Chūbu region

text: The three most dense areas of Chūbu region are Chūkyō metropolitan area (greater Nagoya), Niigata-Toyama area at Hokuriku subregion, and Nagano at the mountains (Chūō-kōchi).


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by American nu metal band Korn. It was released on December 6, 2005, by Virgin Records. It is their first album as a quartet after the departure of long-time guitarist Brian "Head" Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria before he had departed from the band in December 2006. The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12, 2006; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16, 2006. The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team The Matrix, who had previously worked with pop acts like Avril Lavigne, Britney Spears, and Shakira. The Matrix's direction gave Korn's music a different sound.


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist/gothic painter David Stoupakis on the cover. Eleven more paintings by the artist appear as additional artwork on the deluxe special edition.


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: After completing their record deal with Sony BMG in 2004, Korn partnered with EMI Records and signed to Virgin Records. As part of this innovative arrangement, Virgin paid Korn $25 million in exchange for a share in the profits of "See You on the Other Side" and the band's next album, including tours and merchandising. Virgin also received a 30 percent stake in the band's licensing, ticket sales and other revenue sources. The album was recorded in Jonathan Davis' home studio which was used for the previous album, "Take a Look in the Mirror", as well as the "Queen of the Damned" soundtrack and score. Davis stated "We went through a lot of drama with Head leaving and getting off our label and making the album by ourselves." Regarding Brian "Head" Welch's departure, James "Munky" Shaffer recalled "There was kind of a moment where we didn't know what we were going to do and how we were going to continue. We kind of decided, 'OK, we can just sit back and we can put out a greatest hits album and end this or we can use this opportunity and instead of looking at it as a loss, reinvent what we do.'"


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: The lead single, "Twisted Transistor", premiered on KDGE 102.1 FM The Edge in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, and was officially released to radio on September 27, 2005. Brent Decker e-mailed the disc jockey of the night, Ayo, with a request to play the rumored single. The band also did a "See You on the Other Side" world tour to heavily promote the album, which included a special performance of "Here to Stay" on a plane from London to New York City.


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: The album shows Korn retaining their typical nu metal style, but also combining elements of genres such as industrial, gothic rock, new wave, electronic/electronica, and funk.


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: "See You on the Other Side" received more positive critical reception than the previous studio album, "Take a Look in the Mirror", scoring a Metacritic average of 64. Reviewers appreciated the band's desire to experiment and noted that the album combined well their signature sound with the freshness that producers The Matrix and Atticus Ross added to the band's sound.


title: See You on the Other Side (Korn album)

text: "See You on the Other Side" sold more than 220,000 copies in its first week, debuting and peaking at number three on the "Billboard" 200. The album managed to stay in the top half of the chart for thirty-four consecutive weeks. It has accumulated 1.2 million copies sold in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. The album was ranked second in Ultimate Guitar Archive's Top 10 albums of 2005 poll.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: The Eyes of the Dragon is a fantasy novel by American writer Stephen King, first published as a limited edition slipcased hardcover by Philtrum Press in 1984, illustrated by Kenneth R. Linkhauser. The novel would later be published for the mass market by Viking in 1987, with illustrations by David Palladini. This trade edition was slightly revised for publication. The 1995 French edition did not reproduce the American illustrations; it included brand new illustrations by Christian Heinrich, and a 2016 new French version also included brand new illustrations, by Nicolas Duffaut.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: At the time of publication, it was a deviation from the norm for King, who was best known for his horror fiction. The book is a work of epic fantasy in a quasi-medieval setting, with a clearly established battle between good and evil, and magic playing a lead role. "The Eyes of the Dragon" was originally titled "The Napkins".


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: "The Eyes of the Dragon" takes place entirely within the realm of Delain (which itself is located within In-World from "The Dark Tower" series, as established in "The Little Sisters of Eluria"). It is told from the perspective of an unnamed storyteller/narrator, who speaks casually and frankly to the reader, frequently adding his own commentary on characters' motivations and the like.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: King Roland's magician, Flagg, seeking to destroy the Kingdom of Delain, sees his plans being ruined by the good heart of Queen Sasha. After Sasha gives birth to Peter, a noble and worthy future king, Flagg realizes that his position, his plans, and his life may be in danger because of Peter. When Sasha is pregnant with a second son, Flagg seizes the opportunity. He forces the Queen's midwife to wound Sasha while the second son, Thomas, is born. Sasha bleeds to death and Flagg begins plotting to remove Peter.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: As Peter becomes a teenager, he begins the custom of bringing a glass of wine to his father before bed each night. Flagg decides to use this as a means of framing Peter. He dissolves a poison called Dragon Sand in a glass of wine and delivers it to the king after Peter leaves. Previously, in an attempt to win Thomas' friendship, Flagg had shown him a secret passage where Thomas could spy on his father. Unbeknownst to Flagg, when he delivers the poison, Thomas is watching through the glass eyes of the mounted head of Roland's greatest trophy, Niner the dragon. Flagg plants evidence incriminating Peter.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: After a brief trial, during which the judge decides Peter is guilty, he is locked up in the enormous tower called the Needle in the center of the city. Thomas is then crowned King, although he is only twelve years old; due to his youth and his fearful inexperience, he allows Flagg enormous amounts of power. At the start of his long stay in the Needle, Peter manages to send a note to the judge who convicted him, Anders Peyna, with the seemingly innocuous requests to have his mother's old dollhouse and napkins with his meals. Peyna is puzzled by the requests, but, seeing no harm in them, grants them. Five years later, Peter escapes from the Needle, having used the toy loom in the dollhouse and threads from the napkins to make a rope. After the escape he and his allies rush to get Roland's bow and arrow. However, it is not to be found because Thomas had it once they got into the king's "sitting room". Flagg, now revealed as a demonic being, is about to kill them when Thomas reveals himself and tells Flagg that he (Thomas) watched Flagg poison Roland. Thomas shoots Flagg in the eye, but Flagg uses magic to disappear and escape. At the end of the novel, Peter is declared to be the rightful king. Thomas, who has become deeply hated in Delain, sets off alongside his butler, Dennis, to find Flagg. They find him and confront him, but the narrator does not reveal the outcome.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: "The Eyes of the Dragon" was warmly received by professional critics. Barbara Tritel of "The New York Times" described "The Eyes of the Dragon" as drawing clear influence from European fairy tales and wrote that the novel was "more elegant than any other novel Mr. King has written so far."


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: Some of King's established fans rejected the novel, considering it a children's book - King originally wrote the novel for his children. Another reason for fan rejection of "The Eyes of the Dragon" was the fact that it was epic fantasy, with little to no elements of the horror that typified King's most successful work of this era. Negative fan reaction to "The Eyes of the Dragon" was an inspiration for King's subsequent novel "Misery". The protagonist of "Misery" was a successful romance novelist who killed off his most popular character to allow himself to write in other styles of fiction, only to be imprisoned by an angry, deranged fan; King saw "Misery" as a metaphor for his feelings of being chained to writing horror fiction.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: Rights to "The Eyes of the Dragon" have been optioned twice, once for a film and once for a television series.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: Initially "The Eyes of the Dragon" was to be created as an animated film produced through the French company WAMC Entertainment. The film would have a budget of $45 million and was expected to release in late 2001 or early 2002. However the film did not progress into active production and the rights lapsed in 2000.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: In 2012 Syfy announced that it was developing several projects for potential television adaptations, one of which was "The Eyes of the Dragon". If successfully developed, the book would be made into either a movie or miniseries. Michael Taylor and Jeff Vintar were confirmed to be penning the script and Taylor and Bill Haber would act as executive producers.


title: The Eyes of the Dragon

text: In 2019 news broke that Hulu was adapting the book as a television series. In September 2020, Seth Grahame-Smith, a producer and screenwriter for the Hulu adaptation, appeared on The Kingcast podcast with news that Hulu decided to cancel the project due to budgetary concerns and changes to the Hulu's executive team.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational and scientific programs, and its extensive scientific-specimen and artifact collections. The permanent exhibitions, which attract up to two million visitors annually, include fossils, current cultures from around the world, and interactive programming demonstrating today's urgent conservation needs. The museum is named in honor of its first major benefactor, Marshall Field, the department-store magnate. The museum and its collections originated from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and the artifacts displayed at the fair.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The museum maintains a temporary exhibition program of traveling shows as well as in-house produced topical exhibitions. The professional staff maintains collections of over 24 million specimens and objects that provide the basis for the museum's scientific-research programs. These collections include the full range of existing biodiversity, gems, meteorites, fossils, and rich anthropological collections and cultural artifacts from around the globe. The museum's library, which contains over 275,000 books, journals, and photo archives focused on biological systematics, evolutionary biology, geology, archaeology, ethnology and material culture, supports the museum's academic-research faculty and exhibit development. The academic faculty and scientific staff engage in field expeditions, in biodiversity and cultural research on every continent, in local and foreign student training, and in stewardship of the rich specimen and artifact collections. They work in close collaboration with public programming exhibitions and education initiatives.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Field Museum and its collections originated from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and the artifacts displayed at the fair. In order to house for future generations the exhibits and collections assembled for the Exposition, Edward Ayer convinced the merchant Marshall Field to fund the establishment of a museum. Originally titled the Columbian Museum of Chicago in honor of its origins, the Field Museum was incorporated by the State of Illinois on September 16, 1893, for the purpose of the "accumulation and dissemination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of artifacts illustrating art, archaeology, science and history". The Columbian Museum of Chicago occupied the only building remaining from the World's Columbian Exposition in Jackson Park, the Palace of Fine Arts. It is now home to the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: In 1905, the museum's name was changed to "Field Museum of Natural History" to honor its first major benefactor and to reflect its focus on the natural sciences. During the period from 1943 to 1966, the museum was known as the Chicago Natural History Museum. In 1921, the Museum moved from its original location in Jackson Park to its present site on Chicago Park District property near downtown. By the late 1930s the Field had emerged as one of the three premier museums in the United States, the other two being the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The museum has maintained its reputation through continuous growth, expanding the scope of collections and its scientific research output, in addition to its award-winning exhibitions, outreach publications, and programs. The Field Museum is part of Chicago's lakefront Museum Campus that includes the John G. Shedd Aquarium and the Adler Planetarium.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: In 2015, it was reported that an employee had defrauded the museum of $900,000 over a seven-year period to 2014.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Animal exhibitions and dioramas such as Nature Walk, Mammals of Asia, and Mammals of Africa that allow visitors an up-close look at the diverse habitats that animals inhabit. Most notably featured are the infamous man-eating lions of Tsavo. The Mfuwe man eating lion is also on display.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Evolving Planet follows the evolution of life on Earth over 4 billion years. The exhibit showcases fossils of single-celled organisms, Permian synapsids, dinosaurs, extinct mammals, and early hominids. The Field Museum's non-mammalian synapsid collection consists of over 1100 catalogued specimens, including 46 holotypes. The collection of basal synapsids includes 29 holotypes of caseid, ophiacodontid, edaphosaurid, varanopid, and sphenacodontid species – approximately 88% of catalogued specimens.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Inside Ancient Egypt offers a glimpse into what life was like for ancient Egyptians. Twenty-three human mummies are on display as well as many mummified animals. The exhibit features a three-story replica (featuring two authentic rooms with 5,000-year-old hieroglyphs) of the mastaba tomb of Unas-Ankh, the son of Unas (the last pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty). Also displayed are an ancient marketplace showing artifacts of everyday life, a shrine to the cat goddess Bastet, and dioramas showing the afterlife preparation process for the dead.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Ancient Americas displays 13,000 years of human ingenuity and achievement in the Western Hemisphere, where hundreds of diverse societies thrived long before the arrival of Europeans. In this large permanent exhibition visitors can learn the epic story of the peopling of these continents, from the Arctic to the tip of South America.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Cultural exhibitions include sections on Tibet and China, where visitors can view traditional clothing. There is also an exhibit on life in Africa, where visitors can learn about the many different cultures on the continent, and an exhibit where visitors may "visit" several Pacific Islands. The museum houses an authentic 19th-century Māori Meeting House, Ruatepupuke II, from Tokomaru Bay, New Zealand.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Grainger Hall of Gems consists of a large collection of diamonds and gems from around the world, and also includes a Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass window. The Hall of Jades focuses on Chinese jade artifacts spanning 8,000 years. The Robert A. Pritzker Center for Meteoritics and Polar Studies contains a large collection of fossil meteorites.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Underground Adventure gives visitors a bug's-eye look at the world beneath their feet. Visitors can see what insects and soil look like from that size, while learning about the biodiversity of soil and the importance of healthy soil.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: On May 17, 2000, the Field Museum unveiled "Sue", the largest "T. rex" specimen discovered at the time. Sue has a length of , stands tall at the hips, and has been estimated at between as of 2018. The specimen is estimated to be 67 million years old. The fossil was named after the person who discovered it, Sue Hendrickson, and is commonly referred to as female, although the dinosaur's actual sex is unknown. The original skull is not mounted to the body due to the difficulties in examining the specimen 13 feet off the ground, and for nominal aesthetic reasons (the replica does not require a steel support under the mandible). An examination of the bones revealed that Sue died at age 28, a record for the fossilized remains of a "T. rex" until Trix was found in 2013. In December 2018 after revisions of the skeletal assembly were made to reflect new concepts of Sue's structure, display of the skeleton was moved into a new suite in "The Griffin Halls of Evolving Planet".


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Professionally managed and maintained specimen and artifact collections, such as those at the Field Museum of Natural History, are a major research resource for the national and international scientific community, supporting extensive research that tracks environmental changes, benefits homeland security, public health and safety, and serves taxonomy and systematics research. Many of Field Museum's collections rank among the top ten collections in the world, e.g., the bird skin collection ranks fourth worldwide; the mollusk collection is among the five largest in North America; the fish collection is ranked among the largest in the world.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The scientific collections of the Field Museum originate from the specimens and artifacts assembled between 1891 and 1893 for the World Columbian Exposition. Already at its founding, the Field Museum had a large anthropological collection.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: A large number of the early natural history specimens were purchased from Ward's Natural History Establishment in Rochester, New York. An extensive acquisition program, including large expeditions conducted by the museum's curatorial staff resulted in substantial collection growth. During the first 50 years of the museum's existence, over 440 Field Museum expeditions acquired specimens from all parts of the world.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: In addition, material was added through purchase, such as H. N. Patterson's herbarium in 1900, and the Strecker butterfly collection in 1908.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Extensive specimen material and artifacts were given to the museum by collectors and donors, such as the Boone collection of over 3,500 East Asian artifacts, consisting of books, prints and various objects. In addition, "orphaned collections" were and are taken in from other institutions such as universities that change their academic programs away from collections-based research. For example, already beginning in 1907, Field Museum accepted substantial botanical specimen collections from universities such as University of Chicago, Northwestern University and University of Illinois at Chicago, into its herbarium. These specimens are maintained and continuously available for researchers worldwide. The "Index Herbariorum" code assigned to this botanic garden is F and it is used when citing housed specimens. Targeted collecting in the US and abroad for research programs of the curatorial and collection staff continuously add high quality specimen material and artifacts; e.g., Dr. Robert Inger's collection of frogs from Borneo as part of his research into the ecology and biodiversity of the Indonesian fauna.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Collecting of specimens and acquisition of artifacts is nowadays subject to clearly spelled-out policies and standards, with the goal to acquire only materials and specimens for which the provenance can be established unambiguously. All collecting of biological specimens is subject to proper collecting and export permits; frequently, specimens are returned to their country of origin after study. Field Museum stands among the leading institutions developing such ethics standards and policies; Field Museum was an early adopter of voluntary repatriation practices of ethnological and archaeological artifacts.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Field Museum collections are professionally managed by collection managers and conservators, who are highly skilled in preparation and preservation techniques. In fact, numerous maintenance and collection management tools were and are being advanced at Field Museum. For example, Carl Akeley's development of taxidermy excellence produced the first natural-looking mammal and bird specimens for exhibition as well as for study. Field Museum curators developed standards and best practices for the care of collections. Conservators at the Field Museum have made notable contributions to conservation science with methods of preservation of artifacts including the use of pheromone trapping for control of webbing clothes moths.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: In a modern collections-bearing institution, the vast majority of the scientific specimens and artifact are stored in specially designed collection cabinets, placed in containers made of archival materials, with labels printed on acid-free paper, and specimens and artifact are stored away from natural light to avoid fading. Preservation fluids are continuously monitored and in many collections humidity and temperature are controlled to ensure the long-term preservation of the specimens and artifacts.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Field Museum was an early adopter of positive-pressure based approaches to control of environment in display cases, using control modules for humidity control in several galleries where room-level humidification was not practical. The museum has also adopted a low-energy approach to maintain low humidity to prevent corrosion in archaeological metals using ultra-well-sealed barrier film micro-environments. Other notable contributions include methods for dyeing Japanese papers to color match restorations in organic substrates, the removal of display mounts from historic objects, testing of collections for residual heavy metal pesticides, presence of early plastics in collections, the effect of sulfurous products in display cases, and the use of light tubes in display cases.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Concordant with research developments, new collection types, such as frozen tissue collections, requiring new collecting and preservation techniques are added to the existing holdings.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: Collection management requires meticulous record keeping. Handwritten ledgers captured specimen and artifact data in the past. Field Museum was an early adopter of computerization of collection data beginning in the late 1970s. Field Museum contributes its digitized collection data to a variety of online groups and platforms, such as: HerpNet, VertNet and Antweb, Global Biodiversity Information Facility or GBif, and others. All Field Museum collection databases are unified and currently maintained in KE EMu software system. The research value of digitized specimen data and georeferenced locality data is widely acknowledged, enabling analyses of distribution shifts due to climate changes, land use changes and others.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: During the World's Columbian Exposition, all acquired specimens and objects were on display; the purpose of the World's Fair was exhibition of these materials. For example, just after opening of the Columbian Museum of Chicago, the mollusk collection occupied one entire exhibit hall, displaying 3,000 species of mollusks on about . By 1910, 20,000 shell specimens were on display, with an additional 15,000 "in storage".


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: In today's museum, only a small fraction of the specimens and artifacts are publicly displayed. The vast majority of specimens and artifacts are used by a wide range of people in the museum and around the world. Field Museum curatorial faculty and their graduate students and postdoctoral trainees use the collections in their research and in training e.g., in formal high school and undergraduate training programs. Researchers from all over the world can search online for particular specimens and request to borrow them, which are shipped routinely under defined and published loan policies, to ensure that the specimens remain in good condition. For example, in 2012, Field Museum's Zoology collection processed 419 specimen loans, shipping over 42,000 specimens to researchers, per its Annual Report.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The collection specimens are an important cornerstone of research infrastructure in that each specimen can be re-examined and with the advancement of analytic techniques, new data can be gleaned from specimens that may have been collected more than 150 years ago.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The library at the Field Museum was organized in 1893 for the museum's scientific staff, visiting researchers, students, and members of the general public as a resource for research, exhibition development and educational programs. The 275,000 volumes of the Main Research Collections concentrate on biological systematics, environmental and evolutionary biology, anthropology, botany, geology, archaeology, museology and related subjects. The Field Museum Library includes the following collections:


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: This private collection of Edward E. Ayer, the first president of the museum, contains virtually all the important works in the history of ornithology and is especially rich in color-illustrated works.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The working collection of Dr. Berthold Laufer, America's first sinologist and Curator of Anthropology until his death in 1934 consists of about 7,000 volumes in Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, and numerous Western languages on anthropology, archaeology, religion, science, and travel.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The photo archives contain over 250,000 images in the areas of anthropology, botany, geology and zoology and documents the history and architecture of the museum, its exhibitions, staff and scientific expeditions. In 2008 two collections from the Photo Archives became available via the "Illinois Digital Archives" (IDA): The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 and Urban Landscapes of Illinois. In April 2009, the Photo Archives became part of Flickr Commons.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Karl P. Schmidt Memorial Herpetological Library, named for Karl Patterson Schmidt is a research library containing over 2,000 herpetological books and an extensive reprint collection.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Field Museum's Double Elephant folio of Audubon's The Birds of America is one of only two known copies that were arranged in taxonomic order. Additionally, it contains all 13 composite plates. The Field's copy belonged to Audubon's family physician Dr. Benjamin Phillips.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Field Museum offers opportunities for informal and more structured public learning. Exhibitions remain the primary means of informal education, but throughout its history the Museum has supplemented this approach with innovative educational programs. The Harris Loan Program, for example, begun in 1912, reaches out to children in Chicago area schools, offering artifacts, specimens, audiovisual materials, and activity kits. The Department of Education, begun in 1922, offers classes, lectures, field trips, museum overnights and special events for families, adults and children. The Field has adopted production of the YouTube channel "The Brain Scoop", hiring its host Emily Graslie full-time as 'Chief Curiosity Correspondent'.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The Museum's curatorial and scientific staff in the departments of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology conducts basic research in systematic biology and anthropology, besides its responsibility for collections management, and educational programs. Since its founding the Field Museum has been an international leader in evolutionary biology and paleontology, and archaeology and ethnography. It has long maintained close links, including joint teaching, students, seminars, with the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois at Chicago. Professional symposia and lectures, like the annual A. Watson Armour III Spring Symposium, present scientific results to the international scientific community and the public at large.


title: Field Museum of Natural History

text: The museum publishes four peer-reviewed monograph series issued under the collective title "Fieldiana", devoted to anthropology, botany, geology and zoology.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the highest-ranking official of NASA, the national space agency of the United States. The administrator is NASA's chief decision maker, responsible for providing clarity to the agency's vision and serving as a source of internal leadership within NASA. The office holder also has an important place within United States space policy, and is assisted by a deputy administrator.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The administrator is appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, and thereafter serves at the president’s pleasure. Former senator and astronaut Bill Nelson has served as the administrator since May 3, 2021.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The administrator serves as NASA's chief executive officer, accountable to the President for the leadership necessary to achieve the agency's mission. This leadership requires articulating the agency's vision, setting its programmatic and budget priorities and internal policies, and assessing Agency performance.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The first administrator of NASA was Dr. T. Keith Glennan; during his term he brought together the disparate projects in space development research in the US. Daniel Goldin held the post for the longest term (nearly 10 years), and is best known for pioneering the "faster, better, cheaper" approach to space programs. The only person to hold the post twice is James C. Fletcher, who returned to NASA following the "Challenger" disaster.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The current administrator is former senator and astronaut Bill Nelson, who was nominated by President Joe Biden on March 19, 2021, confirmed by the Senate on April 29, and officially sworn in on May 3.


title: Administrator of NASA

text: The line of succession for the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is as follows:


title: Administrator of NASA

text: "In the event of there being no deputy administrator of NASA, and the associate administrator serving as acting administrator, then the deputy associate administrator assumes the role of acting deputy administrator."


title: Neil Innes

text: Neil James Innes (; 9 December 1944 – 29 December 2019) was an English writer, comedian and musician. He first came to prominence in the pioneering comedy rock group Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and later became a frequent collaborator with the Monty Python troupe on their BBC television series and films, and is often called the "seventh Python" along with performer Carol Cleveland. He co-created the Rutles, a Beatles parody/pastiche project, with Python Eric Idle, and wrote the band's songs.


title: Neil Innes

text: Innes was born in Danbury in Essex. His Scottish father was a warrant officer in the British Army, and Innes spent his childhood in West Germany where his father was deployed with the British Army of the Rhine. He took piano lessons from age 7 to 14 and taught himself to play guitar. His parents were supportive of their children's artistic leanings, and his father also drew and painted. After returning to the United Kingdom, Innes received his formal education at Thorpe Grammar School, the Norwich School of Art and Goldsmiths College, London, where he studied fine art. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Fine Art from Goldsmiths in 1966.


title: Neil Innes

text: While still at Goldsmiths, Innes joined a semi-professional college band originally called the Bonzo Dog Dada Band (after Bonzo the dog, an illustrated cartoon character from the 1920s, and the art movement Dada), which was later renamed the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band after the group tired of constantly explaining the concept of Dada to confused onlookers (and later still the band name was officially shortened to the Bonzo Dog Band). At this point the band, which then had a revolving membership of anything up to a dozen players at a time, largely performed a dada-influenced, deliberately shambolic, comedic repertoire of trad-jazz cover versions at local public houses and college events, to the delight and occasional bemusement of audiences.