title: Unani medicine

text: There are several Indian universities devoted to Unani medicine, in addition to universities that teach traditional Indian medical practices in general. Undergraduate degrees awarded for completing an Unani program include the Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery, Bachelor of Unani Tib and Surgery, and Bachelor of Unani Medicine with Modern Medicine and Surgery degrees. A small number of universities offer post-graduate degrees in Unani medicine.


title: Unani medicine

text: The Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM), a statutory body established in 1971 under the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH), monitors higher education in areas of Indian medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and other traditional medical systems. Another subdivision of AYUSH, the Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), aids and co-ordinates scientific research in the Unani system of medicine through a network of 22 nationwide research institutes and units.


title: Unani medicine

text: To fight biopiracy and unethical patents, the Government of India set up the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library in 2001 as repository of formulations used in Indian traditional medicine, including 98,700 Unani formulations.


title: Unani medicine

text: In 1990, the total number of "hakims" or "tabibs" (practitioners of Unani medicine) in Pakistan was 51,883. The government of Pakistan's National Council for Tibb (NCT) is responsible for developing the curriculum of Unani courses and registering practitioners of the medicine. Various private foundations devote themselves to the research and production of Unani medicines, including the Hamdard Foundation, which also runs an Unani research institution. The Qarshi Foundation runs a similar institution, Qarshi University. The programs are accredited by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, and the Pakistan Pharmacy Council.


title: Nancy Priddy

text: Nancy Priddy is an American actress and singer-songwriter. As an actress, she has appeared on many television series, including "Bewitched", "The Waltons", and "Matlock". She is the mother of actress Christina Applegate.


title: Nancy Priddy

text: In the summers of 1961 and 1962, Priddy performed in musical revues as part of the Party-Liners group at the Peninsula Players theater near Fish Creek, Wisconsin. She was a member of The Bitter End Singers in 1964, a short-lived folksinging group along with Lefty Baker, Tina Bohlmann, Bob Hider, Norris O'Neill, and Vilma Vaccaro. In 1968, she released the album "You've Come This Way Before", described by "Billboard" as "a minor classic of psychedelic folk" and by an Allmusic reviewer as "an off-the-wall singer/songwriter album drawing from both folk-rock and psychedelia". That same year she contributed backup vocals to Leonard Cohen's debut album "Songs of Leonard Cohen". At one point she dated Stephen Stills and was the inspiration for his Buffalo Springfield song "Pretty Girl Why".


title: Nancy Priddy

text: After years of being away from the recording studio, she returned in 2007 to record "Christina's Carousel", released in early 2008.


title: Nancy Priddy

text: Priddy is the mother of actress Christina Applegate, and has appeared with her in several projects, including the television series "Married... with Children" and the film "The Sweetest Thing". Like her daughter, Priddy is a breast cancer survivor.


title: Ronnie James Dio discography

text: This is a list of Ronnie James Dio releases. Some of his early appearances on 45 rpm singles are collected on several volumes of the LP series "The History of Syracuse Music", released in the 1980s. A complete discography with lyrics can be found here.


title: Amazo

text: Amazo () is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky and first appeared in "The Brave and the Bold" #30 (June 1960) as an adversary of the Justice League of America. Since debuting during the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has appeared in comic books and other DC Comics-related products, including animated television series, trading cards and video games. Traditionally, Amazo is an android created by the villain scientist Professor Ivo and gifted with technology that allows him to mimic the abilities and powers of superheroes he fights (usually the Justice League), as well as make copies of their weapons (though these copies are less powerful than the originals). His default powers are often those of Flash, Aquaman, Martian Manhunter, Wonder Woman, and Green Lantern (the Justice League founding members that he first fought). He is similar and often compared to the later created Marvel android villain Super-Adaptoid (introduced 1966).


title: Amazo

text: In the "New 52" timeline of DC Comics, Amazo begins as the A-Maze Operating System and then becomes an android capable of duplicating superhuman powers. Later on, a sentient Amazo Virus infects research scientist Armen Ikarus and takes over his mind. With Ikarus as a host, the Amazo Virus infects other people, granting them super-powers and controlling their minds before they die within 24 hours.


title: Amazo

text: Amazo first appeared in a one-off story in "The Brave and the Bold" #30 (June 1960) and returned as an opponent of the Justice League of America in "Justice League of America" #27 (May 1964) and #112 (August 1974), plus a briefer appearance in #65 when another antagonist weaponized Amazo and other items from the JLA trophy room. Other significant issues included an encounter with a depowered Superman in "Action Comics" #480-483 (February – May 1978), and in "Justice League of America" #191 (June 1981) and #241-243 (August – October 1985). Amazo also battles a fully powered Superman in "Superman Special" #3 (1985).


title: Amazo

text: A different Amazo model featured in "Justice League Quarterly" #12 (Fall 1993) and battled the hero Aztek in "Aztek: The Ultimate Man" #10 (May 1997) before being destroyed in "Resurrection Man" #2 (June 1997). An advanced version debuted in a one-off story in "JLA" #27 (March 1999), while another appeared in the limited series "Hourman", specifically issues #1, #5-7, #17, and #19-21 (April 1999 – December 2000).


title: Amazo

text: Amazo's origin is revealed in "Secret Origins of Super-Villains 80-Page Giant" #1 (December 1999). Another version is discovered to be part of a weapons shipment in "Batman" #636-637 (March – April 2005) and during the "Villains United" storyline in "Firestorm" vol. 2 #14-16 (August – October 2005), "Villains United" #5-6 (November – December 2005), and the "Villains United: Infinite Crisis Special" (June 2006).


title: Amazo

text: Amazo's consciousness returned in "Justice League of America" #1-5 (October 2006 – March 2007), planted in the body of fellow android the Red Tornado. Ivo also created Amazo's "offspring" in "JLA Classified" #37-41 (June – October 2007). A story continuing the first Red Tornado storyline featured in "Justice League of America" vol. 2 #21-23 (July – September 2008).


title: Amazo

text: Writer Mike Conroy noted: "Amazo was a persistent thorn in the JLA's side... although his programming and own sentience have displayed no ambition towards world conquest... His very existence is a hazard to all of humanity".


title: Amazo

text: The android Amazo was created by Professor Anthony Ivo, a scientist with expertise in multiple fields who is obsessed with immortality. The original Justice League of America (Green Lantern, Flash, Aquaman, Wonder Woman, and the Martian Manhunter) discover their powers are being drained and somehow then being used by a thief who is after animals known to have long lifespans. While attempting to discover the perpetrator, the League is confronted and defeated by Amazo, who has duplicated their powers thanks to "absorption cell" technology created by Ivo. Amazo brings the team to Ivo, who reveals he has created a means of extending his life span courtesy of the data obtained from studying the creatures Amazo captured. The League then defeats Ivo and the android. Ivo's immortality results in his body becoming monstrous in form, and the android is stored in the League trophy room.


title: Amazo

text: The android is temporarily re-activated twice to assist the League in regaining lost abilities. In these and subsequent stories, the android's duplication of powers don't make others feel their powers being drained. When red sun radiation reaches Earth, Amazo reactivates and engages in an extensive battle with Superman involving time-travel, only to be defeated before it can murder Ivo and the League. Later, the super-villain called the Key, having been shrunken in size, re-activates the android in a failed bid to restore his original height. The League defeats Amazo and then new team member Zatanna restores the Key to his former state.


title: Amazo

text: After the Justice League of America disbands and reforms as a small team of mostly new heroes based in Detroit, Ivo reactivates Amazo to attack this less experienced, "weaker" League. The android defeats all the new members but is finally stopped by Justice League founding members the Martian Manhunter and Aquaman.


title: Amazo

text: A different Amazo model is later activated and battles the superhero team the Conglomerate. This updated Amazo searches for Ivo and encounters the hero Aztek, who succeeds in reasoning with the android rather than overpowering it. This Amazo model also briefly battles the Resurrection Man before finally being destroyed. Before his destruction, the second model of Amazo is summoned into the future by the android hero Hourman, who wishes to meet his "ancestor". This Amazo copies Hourman's time-warping "Worlogog" artifact, becoming "Timazo" in the process. Timazo wreaks havoc with his new ability to manipulate time, but is defeated by Hourman and returned to his place in the past so his history can run its course. Another, similar model of Amazo later has several more encounters with Hourman.


title: Amazo

text: Another model of Amazo is activated that can wield multiple powers at once and is programmed to automatically upgrade its abilities to match those of all active Justice League members. Initially not understanding this upgrade, the Justice League calls in reserve members to help defeat Amazo, which only results in its power increasing. On the Atom's advice, Superman (active team chairman at the time) announces the League is officially disbanded. Programmed only to mimic the powers of active members, this Amazo is suddenly depowered and easily deactivated. Years later, Batman and Nightwing discover a partially built Amazo android in a weapons shipment and destroy it.


title: Amazo

text: Another Amazo participates in a massive attack by a group of villains on the city of Metropolis, but is destroyed by Black Adam.


title: Amazo

text: It is eventually revealed that after perfecting Amazo's absorption cells, Ivo combined this technology with human ova and DNA to create a "son" of Amazo who grows up as Frank Halloran, unaware of his heritage. Years later, Frank is a philosophy student dating a young woman named Sara when his powers are awakened prematurely. Rather than emulate his villainous "father", Frank hopes to be a hero called "Kid Amazo". Slowly becoming mentally unstable, Kid Amazo discovers Sara is Ivo's daughter and was instructed to monitor Frank by posing as a girlfriend. Kid Amazo goes on a rampage. Batman deduces Kid Amazo has not only the powers of the Leaguers but also their contrasting personality traits. This is later used to cause greater internal instability, destroying Kid Amazo.


title: Amazo

text: Later, Ivo downloads Amazo's programming into the body of the Red Tornado, the android villain-turned-hero created by Professor T.O. Morrow, another enemy of the Justice League. The League battles an army of Red Tornado androids before discovering that the villain Solomon Grundy intends to transfer his mind into the original android Tornado's body. Although this plan is defeated, the Amazo programming asserts itself and attacks the League until member Vixen destroys it. A new body is created to house Red Tornado's consciousness but the Amazo programming inhabits it instead, battling Justice League before he's defeated by being teleported into the gravity well of the red star Antares.


title: Amazo

text: As part of The New 52, the new origin story of the Justice League references the "A-Maze Operating System" and "B-Maze Operating System" designed by Anthony Ivo. The League later battles an android equipped with a corrupt version of this operating system.


title: Amazo

text: During the "Forever Evil" storyline, the New 52 Amazo appears as a member of the Secret Society of Super Villains.


title: Amazo

text: During the "Amazo Virus" storyline, a biotech pathogen is created based on the android's absorption cells. The first person to be infected by this virus is former Lexcorp research scientist Armen Ikarus, whose mind becomes corrupted in the process and replaced by the virus's will. Now possessing power and driven to infect others, Ikarus's personality is replaced by the new Amazo. The Ikarus Amazo infects others, granting them super-powers based on desires and personality traits, but killing them within 24 hours. The Ikarus Amazo, able to enhance infected humans and control them through a "hive-mind" connection, is defeated by the Justice League. Young Reggie Meyer and his family are also affected. Influenced by technology from the original Amazo android, Reggie becomes Kid-Amazo.


title: Amazo

text: In the storyline "Outbreak", Amazo is one of the villains recruited by an A.I. named Genie, created by the daughter of computer technician James Palmer. His technology cells are later hacked and he briefly joins the Justice League's side.


title: Amazo

text: Amazo later appeared as a member of the Cabal, alongside Per Degaton, Doctor Psycho, Queen Bee, and Hugo Strange.


title: Amazo

text: Amazo is an advanced android built using Professor Anthony Ivo's "absorption cell" technology. This technology (later indicated to involve nanites) allows Amazo's cells to mimic the physical structure and energy output of organic beings he encounters, empowering him to mimic physical and energy-based abilities (such as the strength of Superman, the speed of the Flash, or the fighting skill of Batman). Amazo's internal energy source provides power for these abilities, so it does not matter what source of power is used by the superhuman he is mimicking (such as Wonder Woman's speed being based on magical empowerment and Superman's speed being a result of Kryptonian cells fueled by solar radiation). After his first story, many Amazo models retain the powers of the first five founding Leaguers he met as a default power set, absorbing new abilities based on other Leaguers they encounter. The models are usually only able to access a single target's unique attributes at a time. Some models have internally possessed the powers of many Justice League members, not just founding members, in their internal database and can summon them at will, but again only utilizing one person's powers at a time. Some later Amazo versions are upgraded to use and mimic multiple powers at once from any superhuman they come in contact with or anyone it identifies as a Justice League member. Several Amazo models can create duplicates of weapons as well, such as the power ring of Green Lantern, the metal mace of Hawkgirl, or the lasso of Wonder Woman. These copied weapons are more limited in power than the original products.


title: Amazo

text: At times, Amazo is a simple minded android, capable of basic strategies and possessing average intelligence but with narrow focus. Some models of Amazo have demonstrated advanced analysis and tactics in battle, helping them maneuver to apply their stolen powers effectively to defeat opponents. In most incarnations, Amazo takes on a person's weaknesses simultaneously when mimicking their powers (as an example, becoming vulnerable to kryptonite radiation while using Superman abilities). Multiple stories have also indicated that his android body, designed to emulate the form and function of a human being, also possesses the pressure points and stress spots the average human body possesses.


title: Amazo

text: Arman Ikarus is a former scientist and researcher at Lexcorp who is the first to be exposed to the Amazo Virus outbreak. This version of Amazo is driven to infect others with the Amazo virus, causing them to develop psychoactive superhuman abilities based on inherent desires and characteristics before dying within 24 hours. The Ikarus Amazo could emulate technology and super-powers he encountered by crudely modifying his genetic structure and biological structure. The Ikarus Amazo can remotely augment the physical abilities of anyone infected with the Amazo virus and influence their behavior through establishing a mental "hive-mind" connection. Initially, Ikarus's body seemed to degenerate from the strain of the virus altering his biology, but later his form stabilized and evolved into the appearance of the classic Amazo android.


title: Amazo

text: "Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew!" #14-15 featured the parallel Earth of "Earth-C-Minus", a world populated by talking animal superheroes that paralleled the mainstream DC Universe. On Earth-C-Minus a counterpart of the character Amazo existed called "Amazoo": a robotic composite of a dozen different animal body parts and abilities.


title: Amazo

text: Amazo appears in the "Injustice 2" comics based on the "Injustice" reality. After the fall of Chancellor Superman's Regime, Ivo sold off Amazo to a terrorist initiative under the control of Ra's al Ghul and Solovar.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Allan Marques Loureiro (born 8 January 1991), commonly known as Allan Marques, or simply Allan (), is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Emirati club Al Wahda and the Brazil national team.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: After starting out in the Madureira youth system in his home country, he joined Uruguayan club Deportivo Maldonado, but later returned to Brazil and made his professional debut with Vasco da Gama in 2009. Allan joined Italian club Udinese in 2012, and subsequently moved to fellow Serie A side Napoli in 2015.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: At international level, he was a part of the Brazil under-20 side that won the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup, and later made his senior debut for Brazil in 2018; he was a member of the team that won the 2019 Copa América on home soil.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Allan was signed from Madureira by Uruguayan side Deportivo Maldonado at 17 years of age for an undisclosed fee. However, he was later loaned out to Vasco da Gama back in Brazil; he would not make an appearance for Maldonado.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Allan moved to Vasco da Gama once again still as a youth player, loaned from Deportivo Maldonado. A year after he played for their youth team, he was brought back and promoted to the first-team by coach Dorival Júnior, playing in many crucial games in the club's 2009 season to help the side win the Série B and secure promotion to the top-flight Série A, though he ultimately suffered an injury.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Due to injury, Allan could not compete with Vasco da Gama neither in the Campeonato Carioca nor the 2010 Copa do Brasil. After an initial recovery, he returned to the club's junior team to regain fitness before rejoining the first-team. He then returned to action in the last round of the Série A before the break for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup, playing in the Copa da Hora friendly tournament. The club won the tournament, with Allan contributing to the title, also scoring a goal in a 3–2 victory over Coritiba.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In June 2012, Allan signed for Serie A side Udinese for a reported fee of R$7 million from Deportivo Maldonado. He made his debut for Udinese at home at the Stadio Friuli against Juventus, where he created an assist for teammate Andrea Lazzari's goal.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In his first season in Udine, Allan played mostly as a defensive midfielder, recovering and distributing a large number of balls. Manager Francesco Guidolin played him in 36 games in the league out of 38 games, he proved one of the best bargains of the season, defying expectation and playing almost all games as a starter to help Udinese to finish in a surprise fifth-place position, securing qualification to next year's UEFA Europa League.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: The following season the club finished 13th in the league in what was Francesco Guidolin's final season with the side. Despite this, Allan excelled in midfield, and scored his first goals for the club as his improvement in Italy continued. His calm and controlled performance in midfield also prompted future Udinese manager Andrea Stramaccioni to suggest that he was now one of the best young midfielders in Europe, comparable to Manchester United's Paul Pogba.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In the 2014–15 season, Allan was to be the top ball-winner of all of Europe's top-five leagues (Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Serie A and Ligue 1) with the most balls won.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: After reported interest from a number of other clubs, Allan signed for Napoli for €10m plus bonuses in July 2015.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In the 2015–16 season, Allan made his Napoli debut in a pre-season friendly against Lega Pro side FeralpiSalò, which Napoli won 5–2. He made his first Serie A debut for Napoli at home against Sampdoria in the second matchday of the Serie A season, creating an assist for Gonzalo Higuaín with a through-ball that the latter converted with a right-footed shot from the right side of the box, making the scoreline 2–0. Allan was later substituted in the second half for David López. Allan would then receive a start in Napoli's third game of the season, a 2–2 away draw with Empoli, scoring an equalizer in the 78th minute after converting a pass from captain Marek Hamšík.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: On 17 September 2015, Allan came off the bench in the 62nd minute against Belgian club Club Brugge in his first ever Europa League game, assisting José Callejón's second goal of the game with a through-ball just minutes after coming on. The match finished 5–0 for Napoli, the club's largest European win and the joint-largest margin of defeat for Brugge, equalling its 6–1 defeat at Monaco in 1988. Allan would go on to score once again and provide another assist in a 5–0 win against Lazio, only three days after the Brugge victory on 20 September, giving manager Maurizio Sarri trust in him for his precise passing and defensive work. On 26 September, Allan scored a goal against defending champions Juventus, with excellent passing and an impressive overall game in a 2–1 home win. On 4 October, Allan would score the opening goal in a 0–4 away rout of Milan in a swift counter-attacking move, where the Brazilian went one-on-one with Milan goalkeeper Diego López.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In the 2016–17 season, Allan had 29 Serie A appearances (1 goal, 5 assists), 8 Champions League appearances culminating in an 86.6% pass completion rate, an average of 2.4 successful tackles per game and he also averaged one key pass (one that led to a goalscoring opportunity) per game.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In the 2017–18 season, Allan played in all 38 Serie A matches, scoring four goals. During that season, Allan extended his contract with Napoli until 2023. In the following season, he featured in 33 Serie A matches and reached the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League quarter-finals with Napoli. In the 2019–20 season, he played in the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League round of 16 home match against Barcelona, which ended 1–1, then he won the 2019–20 Coppa Italia against Juventus, his only silverware with Napoli.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: On 5 September 2020, English club Everton signed Allan for around £21.7m on a three-year deal, to be reunited with former Napoli manager Carlo Ancelotti. He made his debut the following week in a 1–0 win away to Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Allan suffered an injury to his hamstring on 16 December during an away game against Leicester City, he was replaced in the 41st minute by Andre Gomes; Everton won the game 0–2. Allan was ruled out for the remainder of Everton's games in 2020. He returned to the starting eleven on 1 March against Southampton playing the full 90 minutes, Everton won the game 1–0.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In March 2022, against Newcastle United, Allan was controversially sent off following a tackle on Allan Saint-Maximin. The Brazilian was also given a three-match ban. Everton later went on to win the game 1–0 due to an Alex Iwobi winner in the 99th minute of stoppage time.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: He was called up by Brazilian under-20 coach Ney Franco on 20 August 2011, where he impressed enough at Vasco da Gama to earn a call-up for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Brazil's U-20 World Cup-winning side also featured the likes of Oscar, Philippe Coutinho, Casemiro and Danilo, as well as future Napoli teammates Gabriel and Bruno Uvini. Brazil made it to the tournament final, beating Portugal 3–2 in extra time and winning the U20 World Cup for the fifth time.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Although born in Brazil, Allan holds dual Portuguese-Brazilian nationality, making him eligible to play for Brazil or Portugal. Allan also 'has a distant Italian relative' which qualifies him for an Italian passport and thus the Italian national team. Sky Sport Italia and TV Luna report that he has been asked 'to switch allegiances to the Azzurri' by national coach Roberto Mancini. Manager Tite, on 26 October 2018, named Allan to the Brazilian squad that will face Uruguay and Cameroon in friendlies the following month. However, because these were only exhibition matches, Allan still also remained eligible to play for Portugal and Italy at the time. He made his senior international debut in the former match, held in London on 16 November, which ended in a 1–0 victory to Brazil.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: In May 2019, Allan was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2019 Copa América on home soil. On 7 July, he come on as an injury-time substitute in Brazil's 3–1 victory over Peru in the final of the tournament, at the Maracanã Stadium.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Allan operates primarily as a defensive midfielder or as a central midfielder in the "mezzala" role, and is equally comfortable at playing both in an attacking and defensive midfield role; he is also capable of being deployed in a deeper role as a playmaker. As such, he has also been labelled a box-to-box midfielder in the media. He is also capable of playing on the left or right flank, and has even been deployed as a full-back on occasion.


title: Allan (footballer, born 1991)

text: Normally deployed as a holding midfielder in front of the back-line, Allan is known as a dynamic, physically strong, tenacious and energetic right-footed midfielder, with good ball-winning abilities. He also possesses good technique, dribbling skills, pace and good long passing ability, which enables him to start attacking plays after winning back possession. He has been described as a complete and tactically versatile midfielder, who is different from traditional defensive midfielders, due to his reputation for dribbling past defenders and passing the ball through the legs of an opponent, a move known as the "nutmeg".


title: Kovai Sarala

text: Kovai Sarala is an Indian actress and comedian, who prominently plays supporting roles in Tamil and Telugu films. She has won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian three times, for her performances in "Sathi Leelavathi" (1995), "Poovellam Un Vasam" (2001) and "Uliyin Osai" (2008). She has also won the two Nandi Awards for Best Female Comedian and the Vijay Award for Best Comedian for her performance in "Kanchana" (2011). She is now part of Kamal Haasan's Makkal Needhi Maiam Party.


title: Kovai Sarala

text: Kovai Sarala was born into a Tamil family in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Sarala had developed interest in acting, after watching MGR's films. She completed her studies and entered the film industry with the support of her sister and father.


title: Kovai Sarala

text: She got her first film offer when she was in the 9th standard and acted with Vijayakumar and K. R. Vijaya in the film "Velli Ratham". She was in Class 10, when she played a 32-year-old pregnant woman Mundhanai Mudichu, her second film. Two years later she acted in "Chinna Veedu", where she played the 65-year-old mother of Bhagyaraj's character. She has appeared in more than 300+ films in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada. She has mentioned the films "Sathi Leelavathi", "Viralukketha Veekkam", "Varavu Ettana Selavu Pathana", "Karakattakkaran" and "Viswanathan Ramamoorthy" as her personal favourites.


title: Kovai Sarala

text: She has also worked in television series and television shows. She worked as a regular guest judge on "Asatha Povathu Yaaru?" and has hosted the reality show "Paasa Paravaigal". In 2013, she was the judge on the Tamil comedy show ""Comedyil Kalakkuvathu Eppadi"" that airs on Vijay TV. Now she is regular judge on the Tamil comedy show "Varuthapadatha valibar sangam" that airs on Zee Tamil. Also hosting kids game show "Chellame chellam" on Sun TV.


title: Kovai Sarala

text: Kovai Sarala is not married. Sarala looks after the children of her relatives, as she considers them to be her own.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: Twenty One Gms is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film written and directed by Bibin Krishna (in his feature film debut). The film stars Anoop Menon as Crime Branch DYSP Nanda Kishore who investigates a series of murders that takes place within a week. It also features Renji Panicker, Leona Lishoy, Anu Mohan and Ranjith in supporting roles. The soundtrack was composed by Deepak Dev, with lyrics written by Vinayak Sasikumar.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: "Twenty One Gms" was released in theatres on 18 March 2022. It received positive reviews from critics.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: A series of murders takes place in a city within a span of few weeks. Nanda Kishore, the DYSP of Crime Branch is tasked with the investigation. Anjali found some incriminating evidence against her hospital Managing Director, John Samuel and tried to leak it to an independent reporter. Knowing this, John arranged her death.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: Incriminating evidence later found by Kishore uncovers unethical and unauthorized pharmaceutical trials conducted on healthy patients in John's hospital. Kishore's daughter was one of the victim of these medical trials and he was recovering from her death.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: The film is the directorial debut of Bibin Krishna, an IT engineer. The film was also produced by his IT colleague Rinish K. N. who was keen to produce films. In June 2021, Krishna told to "The Hindu" that he had the screenplay completed four years ago but he used this time to improve his knowledge in filmmaking by working in short films. Anoop Menon heard the story in December 2020, who suggested to start filming in January 2021, they managed to start filming with the next 15 days. It was shot in Kochi and Vagamon. Filming was completed in March 2021 just before the COVID-19 pandemic in India.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: The film was released in theatres on 18 March 2022. It was digitally released for streaming on Disney+ Hotstar on 10 June 2022. The satellite rights of the film were acquired by Asianet.


title: Twenty One Gms

text: The film generally received positive reviews from critics and audience. "The Times of India" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "A thriller that saves its twists till the end"


title: News media in the United States

text: Mass media are the means through which information is transmitted to a large audience. This includes newspapers, television, radio, and more recently the Internet. Organizations that provide news through mass media in the United States are collectively known as the news media in the United States.


title: News media in the United States

text: The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is the primary non-profit television service, with 349 member public broadcasters. News and public affairs programs include "PBS NewsHour", "Frontline", and "Washington Week". In September 2012, PBS rated 88% above CNN in public affairs programming, placing it competitively with cable news outlets but far behind private broadcasters ABC, CBS, and NBC. Due to its local and non-profit nature, PBS does not produce 24-hour news, but some member stations carry MHz WorldView, NHK World, or World as a digital subchannel.


title: News media in the United States

text: National Public Radio (NPR) is the primary non-profit radio service, offered by over 900 stations. Its news programming includes "All Things Considered" and "Morning Edition".


title: News media in the United States

text: PBS and NPR are funded primarily by member contributions and corporate underwriters, with a relatively small amount of government contributions.


title: News media in the United States

text: Other national public television program distributors include American Public Television and NETA. Distributors of radio programs include American Public Media, Pacifica Radio, Public Radio International, and Public Radio Exchange.


title: News media in the United States

text: Public broadcasting in the United States also includes Community radio and College radio stations, which may offer local news programming.


title: News media in the United States

text: The Fox Broadcasting Company, television and cable networks such as Fox, Fox News Channel, Fox Business Network, Fox Sports, and 27 local television stations.


title: News media in the United States

text: Holdings include: the "Wall Street Journal", the "New York Post", "Barron's", book publisher HarperCollins and numerous websites including MarketWatch.


title: News media in the United States

text: Holdings include: CNN, the CW (a joint venture with Paramount Global), HBO, Cinemax, Cartoon Network, TBS, TNT, Warner Bros. Pictures, Castle Rock Entertainment and New Line Cinema.


title: News media in the United States

text: Holdings include: MTV, Nickelodeon, VH1, BET, Comedy Central, Paramount Pictures, CBS, Showtime, Paramount Home Entertainment Viacom 18 is a joint venture with the Indian media company Global Broadcast news.


title: News media in the United States

text: Holdings include: ABC Television Network, cable networks including ESPN, the Disney Channel, A&E, Lifetime, National Geographic Channel, FX, 227 radio stations, music and book publishing companies, production companies Touchstone, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, Blue Sky Studios, Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios, and the cellular service Disney Mobile.


title: News media in the United States

text: An important role which is often ascribed to the media is that of agenda-setter. Georgetown University professor Gary Wasserman describes this as "putting together an agenda of national priorities — what should be taken seriously, what lightly, what not at all". Wasserman calls this "the most important political function the media perform". Agenda-setting theory was proposed by McCombs and Shaw in the 1970s and suggests that the public agenda is dictated by the media agenda.


title: News media in the United States

text: In a commercialized media context, the media can often not afford to ignore an important issue which another television station, newspaper, or radio station is willing to pick up. The news media may be able to create new issues by reporting or they can obscure issues through negligence and distraction. For example, if neighborhoods are affected by high crime rates, or unemployment, journalists may not spend sufficient time reporting on potential solutions, or on systemic causes such as corruption and social exclusion, or on other related issues. They can reduce the direct awareness of the public of these problems. In some cases, the public can choose another news source, so it is in a news organization's commercial interest to try to find an agenda which corresponds as closely as possible to peoples' desires. They may not be entirely successful, but the agenda-setting potential of the media is considerably limited by the competition for viewers' interest, readers and listeners.


title: News media in the United States

text: Different US news media sources tend to identify the same major stories in domestic politics, which may imply that the media are prioritizing issues according to a shared set of criteria.


title: News media in the United States

text: One way in which the media could set the agenda is if it is in an area in which very few Americans have direct experience of the issues. This applies to foreign policy. When American military personnel are involved, the media needs to report because the personnel are related to the American public. The media is also likely to have an interest in reporting issues with major direct effects on American workers, such as major trade agreements with Mexico. In other cases, it is difficult to see how the media can be prevented from setting the foreign policy agenda.


title: News media in the United States

text: McKay lists as one of the three main distortions of information by the media "Placing high priority on American news to the detriment of foreign news. And when the US is engaged in military action abroad, this 'foreign news' crowds out other foreign news".


title: News media in the United States

text: American news media are more obsessed than ever with the horse-race aspects of the presidential campaign, according to a new study. Coverage of the political campaigns have been less reflective on the issues that matter to voters, and instead have primarily focused on campaign tactics and strategy, according to a report conducted jointly by the Project for Excellence in Journalism, part of the Pew Research Center, and the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Harvard University, which examined 1,742 stories that appeared from January through May 2007 in 48 news outlets. Almost two-thirds of all stories in US news media, including print, television, radio and online, focused on the political aspects of the campaign, while only one percent focused on the candidates' public records. Only 12 percent of stories seemed relevant to voters' decision-making; the rest were more about tactics and strategy.


title: News media in the United States

text: The proportion of horse-race stories has gotten worse over time. Horse-race coverage has accounted for 63 percent of reports this year (2007) compared with what the study said was about 55 percent in 2000 and 2004. "If American politics is changing," the study concluded, "the style and approach of the American press do not appear to be changing with it".


title: News media in the United States

text: The study found that the US news media deprive the American public of what Americans say they want: voters are eager to know more about the candidates' positions on issues and their personal backgrounds, more about lesser-known candidates and more about debates. Commentators have pointed out that when covering election campaigns news media often emphasize trivial facts about the candidates but more rarely provide the candidates' specific public stances on issues that matter to voters.


title: News media in the United States

text: The same approach can also apply to issue politics. Kathleen Hall Jamieson, director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center coined the term "tactical framing" to describe news coverage that focuses on the question of how a policy proposal will affect the next election, rather than whether or not it is a good idea. Jamieson cites coverage of the Green New Deal as an example. Research by Jameson has found the presence of tactically framed stories can make voters more cynical and less likely to remember substantive information.


title: Robert Desiderio

text: Robert Desiderio (born September 9, 1951) is an American actor best known for his roles on television.


title: Robert Desiderio

text: The Bronx, the son of Mary (née Demattia) and Anthony J. Desiderio. He and actress Judith Light married in 1985. They have no children.


title: Robert Desiderio

text: Desiderio first came to prominence in soap operas, appearing in daytime dramas such as "Search for Tomorrow" (1979–80), "Ryan's Hope" (1982) and "One Life to Live" (1982–83). In 1986–1987, he starred in the short-lived ABC primetime drama series "Heart of the City". From 1988 to 1989 he had the recurring role of Ted Melcher in the CBS primetime soap opera, "Knots Landing". Desiderio also had recurring roles on "MacGruder and Loud", "Cheers" and "The Sopranos", and guest-starred in "The A-Team", "Remington Steele", "The Fall Guy", "Matlock", "Family Ties", "Murder, She Wrote", "Murphy Brown" and "Ugly Betty". He appeared in a number of made for television movies, include "The Princess and the Cabbie" and "Once You Meet a Stranger". In 1996, he appeared alongside his wife in the documentary "". Desiderio co-wrote the 2007 film "Save Me" starring Chad Allen and his wife Judith Light.


title: Monica Galetti

text: Monica Galetti (née Faafiti, born August 1975) is a Samoan-born New Zealand chef. She is a former judge on the BBC competitive cooking programme "" and chef proprietor of Mere in London. She was senior sous-chef at Le Gavroche in London. As well as appearing as a judge on "MasterChef: The Professionals" from 2009 to 2021, she has presented "" with Giles Coren since 2017.


title: Monica Galetti

text: Galetti was born in American Samoa, and was initially raised by two aunts in Upolu as her mother had moved to Auckland, New Zealand, for work. At the age of eight, Galetti moved from Samoa to Wellington, New Zealand, and lived there with her parents and five siblings. In the early 1990s she studied for a diploma in hospitality at the Central Institute of Technology, Upper Hutt.


title: Monica Galetti

text: After completing her studies, Galetti worked at Lower Hutt restaurant Timothy's. The owner sent her to cooking competitions in Australia, America and Europe, and she began to look for a position in London by sending her CV to top restaurateurs. The first offer she received was from Michel Roux Jr – a beginning position as first commis at his two-Michelin-starred restaurant Le Gavroche, well below her position in Wellington as chef de partie. She accepted the offer and moved to London in 1999. She worked rapidly through the sections of the kitchen and became senior sous-chef, a position she held until 2015. She was the first woman to hold such a senior position at the restaurant.


title: Monica Galetti

text: While working for Roux, she launched and was Head Chef of the restaurant Le Gavroche des Tropiques in Mauritius.


title: Monica Galetti

text: She was a judge on the BBC series "" from 2009 to 2021 and has appeared as a presenter on other food-related television programmes.


title: Monica Galetti

text: In 2017, along with her husband David, she opened a new restaurant in London called Mere. This was achieved with backing from Westbury Street Holdings chairman Alastair Storey.


title: Monica Galetti

text: Galetti serves as a UK Tourism Ambassador for Samoa. She appeared in the BBC’s radio programme "Desert Island Discs" on 31 January 2021.


title: Monica Galetti

text: In 2022, Galetti was named as one of the judges for the Platinum Pudding, a competition to create a pudding for Queen Elizabeth II to celebrate her Platinum Jubilee


title: Monica Galetti

text: In January 2022 it was announced that Galetti would sit as a judge on The Platinum Pudding Competition, a nationwide baking competition launched on 10 January 2022 by Buckingham Palace, Fortnum & Mason and The Big Jubilee Lunch to find a new pudding dedicated to Queen Elizabeth II as part of the official Platinum Jubilee celebrations marking the 70th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II.


title: Monica Galetti

text: In 2004, Galetti married French-born sommelier David Galetti, the Head Sommelier at Le Gavroche. They have one daughter, born in 2006.


title: HashiCorp

text: HashiCorp is a software company with a freemium business model based in San Francisco, California. HashiCorp provides open-source tools and commercial products that enable developers, operators and security professionals to provision, secure, run and connect cloud-computing infrastructure. It was founded in 2012 by Mitchell Hashimoto and Armon Dadgar.


title: HashiCorp

text: HashiCorp is headquartered in San Francisco, but their employees are distributed across the United States, Canada, Australia, India, and Europe.


title: HashiCorp

text: On 29 November 2021, HashiCorp set terms for its IPO at 15.3 million shares at $68-$72 at a valuation of $13 billion.


title: HashiCorp

text: HashiCorp considers their 1,500 workers to be remote workers first rather than coming into an office on a full time basis.


title: HashiCorp

text: HashiCorp provides a suite of open-source tools intended to support the development and deployment of large-scale service-oriented software installations. Each tool is aimed at specific stages in the life cycle of a software application, with a focus on automation. Many have a plugin-oriented architecture in order to provide integration with third-party technologies and services. Additional proprietary features for some of these tools are offered commercially and are aimed at enterprise customers.


title: HashiCorp

text: Around April 2021, a supply chain attack using code auditing tool codecov allowed hackers limited access to HashiCorp's customers networks. As a result, private credentials were leaked. HashiCorp revoked a private signing key and asked its customers to use a new rotated key.


title: Dunce

text: Dunce is a mild insult in English meaning "a person who is slow at learning or stupid". The etymology given by Richard Stanyhurst is that the word is derived from the name of the Scottish Scholastic theologian and philosopher John Duns Scotus.


title: Dunce

text: A dunce cap, also variously known as a dunce hat, dunce's cap or dunce's hat, is a pointed hat, formerly used as an article of discipline in schools in Europe and the United States—especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries—for children who were disruptive or were considered slow in learning. In the 19th century, it was seen by some as degrading: in 1831, children's book author Sidney Babcock wrote of the dunce cap as debasing and harsh, and in 1899, historian Alice Morse Earle compared it to other forms of school discipline she saw as degrading and outdated. It became unpopular in the early 20th century. Some American schools still permitted caps as late as the 1950s, however, and it was more recently banned in several areas in England and Wales in 2010. In modern pedagogy, punishments like dunce caps have fallen out of favor: by 1927 an editorial in the "Educational Research Bulletin" stated: "The rod and the cap were not eminently successful... we have our doubts about exclusion being the solution to the problem... High scholarship is not produced by students who have their curiosity stifled by their teachers. Curiosity must be stimulated if scholarship is desired, and sympathy is essential to this stimulation."


title: Dunce

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" (3rd edition) cites mid-16th century examples of the term "dunce" used to describe a follower of Duns Scotus, a person engaged in ridiculous pedantry, or a person regarded as a "fool" or "dimwit". A visual depiction of the hat was first shown in the 1727 edition of "The New England Primer", and the term "dunce's cap" is recorded as early as 1791. The first use of the term in literature was in 1840, in Charles Dickens' "The Old Curiosity Shop".


title: Dunce

text: The dunce cap has also been connected with donkeys to portray the student as asinine. An engraving featured in an early 1900s textbook depicts a child sitting on a wooden donkey in an "eighteenth-century" classroom, wearing a dunce cap with donkey ears.


title: Dunce

text: A similar cap made of paper, and called a capirote was prescribed for sinners and penitents during the Spanish Inquisition.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader. His most notable inventions were a three-position traffic signal and a smoke hood (a predecessor to the gas mask) notably used in a 1916 tunnel construction disaster rescue. Morgan also discovered and developed a chemical hair-processing and straightening solution. He created a successful company based on his hair product inventions along with a complete line of haircare products and became involved in the civic and political advancement of African Americans, especially in and around Cleveland, Ohio.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Morgan was born in 1877 in Claysville, Bourbon County, Kentucky, an almost exclusively African American community outside Paris, Kentucky. His father was Sydney Morgan, a son and freed slave of Confederate Gen John H. Morgan of Morgan's Raiders. His mother, also a freed slave, was Elizabeth Reed, daughter of Rev. Garrett Reed; she was part Native American. He had at least one sibling, a brother named Frank, who helped in the 1916 Lake Erie tunnel rescue. Morgan only received a sixth grade education at Branch Elementary School in Claysville, then moved in search of work at the age of 14 to Cincinnati, Ohio.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: He spent most of his teenage years working as a handyman for a Cincinnati landowner. Like many African American children growing up at the turn of the century, Morgan had to quit school at a young age to work full-time. Morgan was able to hire a tutor and continue his studies while working in Cincinnati. In 1895, he moved to Cleveland, where he began repairing sewing machines for a clothing manufacturer. This experience sparked Morgan's interest in how things worked, and he built a reputation for fixing them. His first invention, made during this period, was a belt fastener for sewing machines. Morgan also invented a zigzag attachment for sewing machines.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: In 1907, Morgan opened a sewing machine shop. One year later, more conscious of his heritage, he helped start the Cleveland Association of Colored Men in 1908. One year later, he and his wife Mary Anne opened Morgan's Cut Rate Ladies Clothing Store. The shop, which made coats, suits, dresses, and other clothing, ultimately had 32 employees.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Around 1910, his interest in repairing other people's inventions waned, and he became interested in developing some of his own. He received his first patent in 1912. In 1913 he incorporated hair care products into his growing list of patents and launched the G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Company, which sold hair care products, including his patented hair straightening cream, a hair coloring, and a hair straightening comb invented by Morgan. He received a patent for his smoke hood design in 1914, the year he launched the National Safety Device Company. It is unknown whether the smoke hood brought him any commercial success. In 1916, Morgan rescued workers trapped in a water intake tunnel beneath Lake Erie, using a hood fashioned to protect his eyes from smoke and featuring a series of air tubes that hung near the ground to draw clean air beneath the rising smoke.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Later in life he developed glaucoma and by 1943 was functionally blind. He had poor health the rest of his life, but continued to work on his inventions. One of his last was a self-extinguishing cigarette, which used a small plastic pellet filled with water placed just before the filter. He died on July 27, 1963, at age 86 and was buried at the Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Morgan conducted experiments with a liquid that gave sewing machine needles a high polish that prevented the needle from burning fabric as it sewed. In 1905, Morgan accidentally discovered that the liquid could also straighten hair. He made the liquid into a cream and launched the G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Company to market it. He also made a black hair oil dye and invented a curved-tooth comb for hair straightening in 1910.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Garrett Morgan invented a safety hood smoke protection device after seeing firefighters struggling to withstand the suffocating smoke they encountered in the line of duty. His device used a moist sponge to filter out smoke and cool the air. It also took advantage of the way smoke and fumes tend to rise to higher positions while leaving a layer of more breathable air below, by using an air intake tube that dangled near the floor. The safety hood used a series of tubes to draw clean air of the lowest level the tubes could extend to. Smoke, being hotter than the air around it, rises, and by drawing air from the ground, the Safety Hood provided the user with a way to perform emergency respiration. He filed for a patent on the device in 1912, and founded a company called the National Safety Device Company in 1914 to market it. He was able to sell his invention around the country, sometimes using the tactic of having a hired white actor take credit rather than revealing himself as its inventor. For demonstrations of the device, he sometimes adopted the disguise of "Big Chief Mason", a purported full-blooded Indian from the Walpole Island Indian Reserve in Canada. He would demonstrate the device by building a noxious fire fueled by tar, sulfur, formaldehyde and manure inside an enclosed tent. Disguised as Big Chief Mason, he would enter the tent full of black smoke, and would remain there for 20 minutes before emerging unharmed.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: A successful demonstration was also given by the National Safety Device of Cleveland, Ohio. A representative of the company, Mr. Mason, entered a poisonous building with Morgan's hood on his head and remained in that environment for twenty minutes. The test was satisfactory according to Chief Stickle of the Cleveland Fire Department, who said that the device was much cheaper and simpler than the oxygen mask used during that time. Following the demonstration Chief Stickle recommended the purchase of several hoods for the fire department. Mr. Mason continued to make numerous demonstrations at Ravenna, Youngstown, Canton, and other neighboring cities where the device was proclaimed a success. The purchase of Morgan's smoke helmet was not limited within the boundaries of fire departments in northeast Ohio. Many large cities throughout the United States had Morgan's smoke helmet in their fire departments, hospitals, asylums, and ammonia factories, and were using them satisfactorily. His safety hood device was simple and effective, whereas the other devices in use at the time were generally difficult to put on, excessively complex, unreliable, or ineffective. It was patented and awarded a gold medal two years later by the International Association of Fire Chiefs. Morgan's safety hood was used to save many lives during the period of its use. By World War I, his breathing device was refined to carry its own air supply, making it a gas mask. However, upon their entry into the First World War, the United States Army adopted the British Small Box Respirator and French M2 Respirator as their standard anti-gas equipment, the former invented by Newfoundlander Cluny MacPherson.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: He also developed later models that incorporated an airbag that could hold about 15 minutes of fresh air.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: His invention became known nationally when he led a rescue that saved several men's lives after a July 24, 1916, tunnel explosion under Lake Erie. Before Morgan arrived, two previous rescue attempts had failed. The attempted rescuers had become victims themselves by entering the tunnel and not returning. Morgan was roused in the middle of the night after one of the members of the rescue team who had seen a demonstration of his device sent a messenger to convince him to come and to bring as many of his hoods as he could. He arrived on the scene still wearing his pajamas, and brought his brother Frank and four of the hoods with him. Most of the rescuers on the scene were initially skeptical of his device, so he and his brother went into the tunnel along with two other volunteers, and succeeded in pulling out two men from the previous rescue attempts. He emerged carrying a victim on his back, and his brother followed just behind with another. Others joined in after his team succeeded, and rescued several more. His device was also used to retrieve the bodies of the rescuers that did not survive. Morgan personally made four trips into the tunnel during the rescue, and his health was affected for years afterward from the fumes he encountered there. Cleveland's newspapers and city officials initially ignored Morgan's act of heroism as the first to rush into the tunnel for the rescue and his key role as the provider of the equipment that made the rescue possible, and it took years for the city to recognize his contributions. The mayor of that time Harry L Davis failed to put Garrett Morgan's name on the list of recommended heroes. City officials requested the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission to issue medals to several of the men involved in the rescue but excluded Morgan from their request. He believed that the omission was racially motivated. Morgan's suspicions were confirmed by Victor M Sincere of the Bailey Company in his statement to the Citizens Award Committee." Your deed should serve to help break down the shafts of prejudice with which you struggle. And is sure to be the beacon of light for those that follow you in the battles of life." Later, in 1917, a group of citizens of Cleveland tried to correct for the omission by presenting him with a diamond-studded gold medal. After the heroic rescue Morgan's company received order requests from fire departments all over the country. However, the national news contained photographs of him, and officials in a number of southern cities canceled their existing orders when they discovered he was black. Morgan said in his diary," I had but a little schooling, but I am a graduate from the school of hard knocks and cruel treatment. I have personally saved nine lives."


title: Garrett Morgan

text: He was also given a medal from the International Association of Fire Engineers, which made him an honorary member.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Morgan's invention of the safety hood was featured on the television show "Inventions that Shook the World" and "Mysteries at the Museum" (S08E05).


title: Garrett Morgan

text: The first American-made automobiles were introduced to consumers just before the turn of the twentieth century. At the time, pedestrians, bicycles, animal-drawn wagons and motor vehicles all had to share the same roads. To deal with the growing problem of traffic accidents, a number of different versions of traffic signaling devices began to be developed simultaneously, starting around 1913.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Detroit Police Officer William Potts invented the modern-day traffic light in 1920. Garret Morgan, having witnessed an accident at an intersection, filed a patent for a traffic control device which also had a third "warning" position two years later - in 1922. The patent was granted in 1923. In addition, there were several other systems, also invented prior to Morgan's, some of which had audible warnings.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: In 1908, he co-founded the Cleveland Association of Colored Men, which later merged with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Morgan served as its treasurer. He was a member of the NAACP and donated money to historically black colleges and universities.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Morgan, in 1920, founded the "Cleveland Call", a weekly newspaper and, in 1938, subsequently participated in its merger that created the "Cleveland Call and Post" newspaper. Morgan purchased a farm near Wakeman, Ohio, and upon that land build the Wakeman Country Club, open to Blacks, unlike most country clubs then.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: Morgan was a member of the Prince Hall Freemasons, in Excelsior Lodge No. 11 of Cleveland, Ohio. He belonged to Antioch Baptist Church.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: In 1931, seeing that the city was neither properly addressing the needs of its African American citizens, he ran for a seat on the Cleveland City Council as an independent, but was not elected.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: He married Madge Nelson in 1896, only to divorce in 1898. In 1908, he and Mary Hasek were married. Together, they had three children: John P., Garrett A. Jr., and Cosmo H. Morgan died in Cleveland in 1963, where he was interred in Lake View Cemetery.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: At the Emancipation Centennial Celebration in Chicago, Illinois, in August 1963 (one month after his death), Morgan was nationally recognized.


title: Garrett Morgan

text: In the Cleveland, Ohio area, the Garrett A. Morgan Cleveland School of Science and the Garrett A. Morgan Water Treatment Plant have been named in his honor. An elementary school in Chicago was also named after him. An elementary school bearing his name opened in the fall of 2016 in Lexington, Kentucky. In Prince George's County, Maryland, there is a street named Garrett A. Morgan Boulevard (formerly Summerfield Boulevard until 2002) and the adjacent Metro stop (Morgan Boulevard) also bears his name.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: Zuma is a 2003 tile-matching puzzle video game developed by Oberon Media and published by PopCap Games. It was released for a number of platforms, including PDAs, mobile phones, and the iPod.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: An enhanced version, called "Zuma Deluxe", was released for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X as well as an Xbox Live Arcade download for the Xbox 360 and a PlayStation Network download for the PlayStation 3. It is also included with the PlayStation 3 retail version of "Bejeweled 3", along with "Feeding Frenzy 2".


title: Zuma (video game)

text: The objective of "Zuma" is to eliminate all of the balls rolling around the screen along a given path (the path is clearly visible in all of the levels except for the last level) with other balls before these balls reach the yellow skull structure, which will open to varying degrees as a warning of oncoming balls. The player can carry two balls at a time and can switch at any time. As soon as one ball reaches the skull, the others follow and the player loses a life. To prevent the balls from reaching the skull, the player can eliminate the balls by firing a colored ball from the stone frog idol's mouth towards the chain of balls that will continue to push forward until the player fills the yellow bar, which is when the balls will stop producing off-screen. When three or more of the same color come in contact, they explode, possibly triggering other explosions as part of a chain reaction. The level is completed when after the bar is filled, the player eliminates all of the balls on the screen.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: There are bonuses for collecting coins (usually through gaps), for causing explosions through gaps of other balls, and chains for having a streak of always causing an explosion with each consecutive ball (coins and chain bonuses are a quick way to fill the bar). Time bonuses are also awarded if a player completes the level within ace timeranging from thirty seconds to four minutes depending on the level.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: Four different types of power-ups show up in the balls, which can be activated by exploding the ball with the power-up. The backwards ball pushes the furthest-out chain (depending on if all of the balls are connected) backwards for a short length of time. The slow-down ball slows the speed of the chain of balls for a short length of time. The accuracy ball allows quicker shots and points an arrow at where the ball will be shot (this stays active for about the same amount of time as the slow-down ball; however, the size of the balls must be considered). The explosion ball explodes all of the balls within a small radius of the ball at the spot and time of its explosion. If not exploded quickly, power-up balls will return to their regular state after some time.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: Each regular adventure begins with three lives (represented by frogs in the upper-left hand corner of the screen), but extra lives are earned with every 50,000 points. Shooting a coin with a ball, making multiple groups of balls explode with a single shot, earning chain bonuses, shooting through gaps in the balls, or finishing a level within a certain period of time (called ace time) will give extra points.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: The levels are organized into temples, and the initial temple consists of three "worlds" of five levels each (the fifth level in each stage is unique in having two tracks of balls instead of the usual one). No level in the first world contains tunnels, and the first level of each world is tunnelless.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: Worlds one to three have four colors of balls: red, blue, green, and yellow, worlds four to six add purple, and from world seven on, white is added in the variety. Levels are eventually added to worlds: The second temple, which contains worlds four to six, has six levels, while the third temple, which contains worlds seven to nine, has seven levels. The fourth and final temple (which is hidden until a player unlocks world ten for the first time) contains worlds ten to twelve, which also consists of seven levels each. Worlds ten to twelve are essentially the same as seven to nine, but for each level, 5,000 points must be scored to completely fill the Zuma bar. Also, the balls come out further at the start of the level, and the chain of balls moves along slightly faster. If the player loses all of their lives, the game ends, and they must start again at the beginning of the last stage they advanced up. However, if the player is able to beat all 12 worlds, they are taken to the 13th and final world where it has only one level which is the "Space" level where it is longer than all previous levels, has less color-grouping among the balls, and has no visible path for the balls to follow. This level and the 13th world cannot be accessed without first completing world twelve. Upon beating this level, the player wins the game (if a player fails to beat the Space level (13–1), they must beat all of world twelve again before getting another chance to win). All the remaining lives at the end of a game are each worth 50,000 additional points to add on to the final score.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: "Zuma" also offers the gauntlet mode, where a player can choose to play in a level they have already reached in adventure mode, and either practice to beat the level, or play in survival mode, where the difficulty in colors and speed of balls will gradually increase. The level classifications of the gauntlet mode, in order, are Rabbit, Eagle, Jaguar, and Sun God. A player is required to fill seven stages in practice mode or seven yellow bars in survival mode before advancing to the next level. Upon reaching Sun God, in which the balls move in constant speed even when nearing the skull, a player can continue endlessly, since the level classification has no limit in both stages and bars.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: The Japanese developer Mitchell Corporation claims "Zuma" infringes on the intellectual property of their 1998 arcade game, "Puzz Loop", which was released as "Ballistic" outside Japan. Mitchell re-released the design in 2006 as the Nintendo DS game "Magnetica". PopCap asserted that "Zuma" was "not an exact clone", with PopCap founder Jason Kapalka saying that he was "happy" with the idea of games being cloned by other developers, so long as the new version added to the gameplay of the game it had copied.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: The editors of "Computer Gaming World" nominated "Zuma" for their 2003 "Puzzle Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Bookworm". They wrote: "From "Bejeweled" to "Rocket Mania" to "Zuma", PopCap has constantly found new ways to spell 'addiction.


title: Zuma (video game)

text: The editors of "Computer Gaming World" nominated "Zuma Deluxe" as their 2004 "Arcade Classic of the Year", although it lost to "Sid Meier's Pirates!".


title: Zuma (video game)

text: A sequel, "Zuma's Revenge!", was launched on September 15, 2009, for Windows and Mac. "Zuma Blitz" went live on Facebook on December 14, 2010, and was described by PopCap as "the social adaptation" providing players with "the first competitive and cooperative iteration of "Zuma" in the game's history".


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: According to Northern Paiute oral history, the Si-Te-Cah, Saiduka or Sai'i are a legendary tribe whose mummified remains were allegedly discovered under four feet of guano by guano miners in what is now known as Lovelock Cave near Lovelock, Nevada, United States.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: Although the cave had been mined since 1911, miners did not notify authorities until 1912. The miners destroyed many of the artifacts, but archaeologists were still able to retrieve 10,000 Northern Paiute artifacts from the cave. Items included tule duck decoys, sandals, and baskets, several dating back over 2,000 years.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: "Si-Te-Cah" means "tule-eaters" in the Northern Paiute language. Tule or "Schoenoplectus acutus" is a fibrous water plant. In order to escape harassment from the Paiutes, the Si-Te-Cahs were said to have lived on rafts made of tule on the lake.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: According to the Northern Paiutes, the Si-Te-Cah were a red-haired band of cannibals. The Si-Te-Cah and the Paiutes were at war, and after a long struggle a coalition of tribes trapped the remaining Si-Te-Cah in Lovelock Cave. When they refused to come out, the Paiutes piled brush before the cave mouth and set it aflame. The Si-Te-Cah were annihilated.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: Sarah Winnemucca, daughter of Paiute Chief Winnemucca, wrote about what she described as "a small tribe of barbarians" who ate her people in her book "Life Among the Paiutes: Their Wrongs and Claims". She wrote that "after my people had killed them all, the people round us called us Say-do-carah. It means conqueror; it also means 'enemy.' My people say that the tribe we exterminated had reddish hair. I have some of their hair, which has been handed down from father to son. I have a dress which has been in our family a great many years, trimmed with the reddish hair. I am going to wear it some time when I lecture. It is called a mourning dress, and no one has such a dress but my family." Winnemucca does not mention giants.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: Adrienne Mayor writes about the Si-Te-Cah in her book "Fossil Legends of the First Americans". She suggests that the "giant" interpretation of the skeletons from Lovelock Cave and other dry caves in Nevada was started by entrepreneurs setting up tourist displays and that the skeletons themselves were of normal size. However, about a 100 miles north of Lovelock there are plentiful fossils of mammoths and cave bears, and their large limbed bones could easily be thought to be those of giants by an untrained observer. She also discusses the reddish hair, pointing out that hair pigment is not stable after death and that various factors such as temperature, soil, etc. can turn ancient very dark hair rusty red or orange. Another explanation for the "giant" interpretation of the skeletons may also come from the fact that the first remains unearthed by the guano miners in 1911–12, those of a man, were described as "giant" in comparison to the much smaller apparently female skeletons.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: A written report by James H. Hart, the first of two miners to excavate the cave in the fall of 1911, recalls that in the north-central part of the cave, about four feet deep, "was a striking looking body of a man 'six feet six inches tall.' His body was mummified and his hair distinctly red." Unfortunately in the first year of mining, some of the human remains and artifacts were lost and destroyed. "The best specimen of the adult mummies was boiled and destroyed by a local fraternal lodge, which wanted the skeleton for initiation purposes." Also, several of the fiber sandals found in the cave were remarkably large, and one reported at over 15 inches (38 cm) in length was said to be on display at the Nevada Historical Society's museum in Reno in 1952.


title: Si-Te-Cah

text: The Paiute tradition asserts that the Si-Te-Cah people practiced cannibalism, and this may have had some basis in fact. During the 1924 excavation of the cave, a series of three human bones were found near the surface towards the mouth of the cave. "These had been split to extract the marrow, as animal bones were split, and probably indicate cannibalism during a famine".


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: The origins of the concept of hotspots lie in the work of J. Tuzo Wilson, who postulated in 1963 that the formation of the Hawaiian Islands resulted from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a hot region beneath the surface. It was later postulated that hotspots are fed by narrow streams of hot mantle rising from the Earth's core–mantle boundary in a structure called a mantle plume. Whether or not such mantle plumes exist is the subject of a major controversy in Earth science.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: At any place where volcanism is not linked to a constructive or destructive plate margin, the concept of a hotspot has been used to explain its origin. In a review article by Courtillot et al. listing possible hotspots, distinction is made between primary hotspots coming from deep within the mantle (possibly originating from the core/mantle boundary), creating large volcanic provinces with linear tracks (Easter Island, Iceland, Hawaii, Afar, Louisville, Reunion, Tristan confirmed, Galapagos, Kerguelen and Marquersas likely) and secondary hotspots derived from mantle plumes (Samoa, Tahiti, Cook, Pitcairn, Caroline, MacDonald confirmed, up to about 20 possible) at the upper/lower mantle boundary that do not form large volcanic provinces but form island chains. Other potential hotspots are the result of shallow mantle material surfacing in areas of lithospheric break-up caused by tension (and are thus a very different type of volcanism).


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: Estimates for the number of hotspots postulated to be fed by mantle plumes have ranged from about 20 to several thousand, with most geologists considering a few tens to exist. Hawaii, Réunion, Yellowstone, Galápagos, and Iceland are some of the most active volcanic regions to which the hypothesis is applied.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: Most hotspot volcanoes are basaltic (e.g., Hawaii, Tahiti). As a result, they are less explosive than subduction zone volcanoes, in which water is trapped under the overriding plate. Where hotspots occur in continental regions, basaltic magma rises through the continental crust, which melts to form rhyolites. These rhyolites can form violent eruptions. For example, the Yellowstone Caldera was formed by some of the most powerful volcanic explosions in geologic history. However, when the rhyolite is completely erupted, it may be followed by eruptions of basaltic magma rising through the same lithospheric fissures (cracks in the lithosphere). An example of this activity is the Ilgachuz Range in British Columbia, which was created by an early complex series of trachyte and rhyolite eruptions, and late extrusion of a sequence of basaltic lava flows.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: Hotspot volcanoes are considered to have a fundamentally different origin from island arc volcanoes. The latter form over subduction zones, at converging plate boundaries. When one oceanic plate meets another, the denser plate is forced downward into a deep ocean trench. This plate, as it is subducted, releases water into the base of the over-riding plate, and this water mixes with the rock, thus changing its composition causing some rock to melt and rise. It is this that fuels a chain of volcanoes, such as the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: The joint mantle plume/hotspot hypothesis envisages the feeder structures to be fixed relative to one another, with the continents and seafloor drifting overhead. The hypothesis thus predicts that time-progressive chains of volcanoes are developed on the surface. Examples are Yellowstone, which lies at the end of a chain of extinct calderas, which become progressively older to the west. Another example is the Hawaiian archipelago, where islands become progressively older and more deeply eroded to the northwest.


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: Geologists have tried to use hotspot volcanic chains to track the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. This effort has been vexed by the lack of very long chains, by the fact that many are not time-progressive (e.g. the Galápagos) and by the fact that hotspots do not appear to be fixed relative to one another (e.g. Hawaii and Iceland).


title: Hotspot (geology)

text: In 2020, Wei et al. used seismic tomography to detect the oceanic plateau, formed about 100 million years ago by the hypothesized mantle plume head of the Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain, now subducted to a depth of 800 km under eastern Siberia.


title: Getty Villa

text: The Getty Villa is at the easterly end of the Malibu coast in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. One of two campuses of the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Villa is an educational center and museum dedicated to the study of the arts and cultures of ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria. The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD, including the Lansdowne Heracles and the Victorious Youth. The UCLA/Getty Master's Program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation is housed on this campus.


title: Getty Villa

text: In 1954, oil tycoon J. Paul Getty opened a gallery adjacent to his home in Pacific Palisades. Quickly running out of room, he built a second museum, the Getty Villa, on the property down the hill from the original gallery. The villa design was inspired by the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum and incorporated additional details from several other ancient sites. It was designed by architects Robert E. Langdon, Jr., and Ernest C. Wilson, Jr., in consultation with archeologist Norman Neuerburg. It opened in 1974, but was never visited by Getty, who died in 1976. Following his death, the museum inherited $661 million and began planning a much larger campus, the Getty Center, in nearby Brentwood. The museum overcame neighborhood opposition to its new campus plan by agreeing to limit the total size of the development on the Getty Center site. To meet the museum's total space needs, the museum decided to split between the two locations with the Getty Villa housing the Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities. In 1993, the Getty Trust selected the Boston architects Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti to design a renovation of the Getty Villa and its campus. In 1997, portions of the museum's collection of Greek, Roman and Etruscan antiquities were moved to the Getty Center for display, and the Getty Villa was closed for renovation. The collection was restored during the renovation.


title: Getty Villa

text: In 2004, during the renovation, the museum and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) began holding summer institutes in Turkey, studying the conservation of Middle Eastern Art.


title: Getty Villa

text: Reopened on January 28, 2006, the Getty Villa shows Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities within Roman-inspired architecture and surrounded by Roman-style gardens. The art is arranged by themes, e.g., "Gods and Goddesses", "Dionysos and the Theater", and "Stories of the Trojan War". The new architectural plan surrounding the Villa – which was conceived by Machado and Silvetti Associates (who were also responsible for the plans for the renovated museum) – is designed to simulate an archaeological dig. "Architectural Record" has praised their work on the Getty Villa as "a near miracle – a museum that elicits no smirks from the art world ... a masterful job ... crafting a sophisticated ensemble of buildings, plazas, and landscaping that finally provides a real home for a relic of another time and place."


title: Getty Villa

text: In 2016–18 the collection was reinstalled in a chronological arrangement emphasizing art-historical themes.


title: Getty Villa

text: There has been controversy surrounding the Greek and Italian governments' claim that objects in the collection were looted and should be repatriated. In 2006, the Getty returned or promised to return four looted objects to Greece: a stele (grave marker), a marble relief, a gold funerary wreath, and a marble statue. In 2007, the Getty signed an agreement to return 40 looted items to Italy.


title: Getty Villa

text: The building was closed to visitors in mid-March 2020, but as of 5 June 2021 is now open to the public again.


title: Getty Villa

text: The Getty Villa hosts live performances in both its indoor auditorium and its outdoor theatre. Indoor play-readings included "The Trojan Women," Aristophanes' "The Frogs," and Euripides' "Helen". Indoor musical performances, which typically relate to art exhibits, included: Musica Angelica, De Organographia, and Songs from the Fifth Age: Sones de México in Concert. The auditorium also held a public reading of Homer's "Iliad". Outdoor performances included Aristophanes' "Peace", Aeschylus's "Agamemnon", and Sophocles' "Elektra". The Getty Villa also hosts visiting exhibitions beyond its own collections. For example, in March 2011 "In Search of Biblical Lands" was a photographic exhibition which included scenes of the Middle East dating back to the 1840s.


title: Getty Villa

text: The Getty Villa offers special educational programs for children. A special Family Forum gallery offers activities including decorating Greek vases and projecting shadows onto a screen that represents a Greek urn. The room also has polystyrene props from Greek and Roman culture for children to handle and use to cast shadows. The Getty Villa also offers children's guides to the other exhibits.


title: Getty Villa

text: The Getty Conservation Institute offers a Master's Program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation in association with the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. Classes and research are conducted in the museum wing of the ranch house. The program was the first of its kind in the United States.


title: Getty Villa

text: The Villa self-identifies with Malibu as it is located just east of the city limits of Malibu in the city of Los Angeles in the community of Pacific Palisades. The museum complex sits on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean, which is about from the entrance to the property. An outdoor entry pavilion is also built into the hill near the 248-car, four story, South Parking garage at the southern end of the Outer Peristyle. To the west of the Museum is a 450-seat outdoor Greek theater where evening performances are staged, named in honor of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman. The theater faces the west side of the Villa and uses its entrance as a stage. To the northwest of the theatre is a three-story, building built into the hill that contains the museum store on the lower level, a cafe on the second level, and a private dining room on the top level. North of the Villa is a indoor 250-seat auditorium. On the hill above the museum are Getty's original private ranch house and the museum wing that Getty added to his home in 1954. They are now used for curatorial offices, meeting rooms and as a library.


title: Getty Villa

text: Although not open to the public, the campus includes J. Paul Getty's grave on the hill behind his ranch house. A 200-car North Parking Garage is behind the ranch complex. The museum building is arranged in a square opening into the Inner Peristyle courtyard. The 2006 museum renovation added 58 windows facing the Inner Peristyle and a retractable skylight over the atrium. It also replaced the terrazzo floors in the galleries and added seismic protection with new steel reinforcing beams and new isolators in the bases of statues and display cases. The museum has of gallery space.


title: Getty Villa

text: What the Getty Villa achieves, first by seclusion, then by control of access, and ultimately through the architecture, is a sense of detachment from its immediate environment.


title: Getty Villa

text: There are four different gardens on the grounds of the Getty Villa, planted with plants native to the Mediterranean and known to have been cultivated by the ancient Romans. The largest garden is that of the Outer Peristyle, an exact proportional replica of the one at the Villa dei Papiri. The garden is , with a long pool at the center. Traditional Roman landscaping designs are replicated with manicured bay laurel, boxwood, oleander, and viburnum shrubs. There are rows of date palms lining each of the long sides of the Outer Peristyle garden, while each corner features pomegranate trees surrounded by ornamental plants like acanthus, ivy, hellebore, lavender, and iris. Copies of Roman bronzes excavated at the Villa dei Papiri and elsewhere are scattered throughout the garden.


title: Getty Villa

text: Just west of the Outer Peristyle is the Herb Garden, where traditional herbs sourced from ancient Roman texts are cultivated along with a variety of fruit trees: pomegranate, fig, apricot, apple, citrus, and pear. The garden is surrounded by grapevines, and bounded by an olive grove planted on terraces above the garden. The East Garden is small and secluded, surrounded by laurel and plane trees. Its chief feature is an exact replica of the famous shell and mosaic fountain at the House of the Great Fountain in Pompeii, but there is also a circular fountain at the center of a basin filled with aquatic plants, around which the garden is oriented. The fourth and final garden is that of the Inner Peristyle. Like the Outer Peristyle, a long, narrow, marble lined pool forms the centerpiece of the landscaping; along each side are replicas of bronze female statues from the Villa dei Papiri, modelled to appear as if they are drawing water from the pool. In each corner of the garden is a replica white marble fountain, and there are also several bronze copies of famous Greek sculptures like the Doryphoros and busts of Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Democritus.


title: Getty Villa

text: The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD, of which approximately 1,400 are on view.


title: Getty Villa

text: Among the outstanding items is Victorious Youth, one of few life-size Greek bronze statues to have survived to modern times. The Lansdowne Heracles is a Hadrianic Roman sculpture in the manner of Lysippus. The Villa also has jewelry and coin collections and an extensive 20,000 volume library of books covering art from these periods. The Villa also displays the Getty kouros, which the museum lists as "Greek, about 530 B.C., or modern forgery" because scientific analysis is inconclusive as to whether the marble statue can be dated to Greek times. If genuine, the Getty kouros is one of only twelve remaining intact lifesize kouroi. The Marbury Hall Zeus is an tall marble statue that was recovered from ruins at Tivoli near Rome.


title: Getty Villa

text: Detailed information about the J. Paul Getty Museum's collection at the Getty Villa is provided on "GettyGuide". This is available both at the Museum, at various points known as "GettyGuide stations", and externally on its website.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: Le Rêve (English: The Dream) is a 1932 oil on canvas painting (130 × 97 cm) by Pablo Picasso, then 50 years old, portraying his 22-year-old mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter. It is said to have been painted in one afternoon, on 24 January 1932. It belongs to Picasso's period of distorted depictions, with its oversimplified outlines and contrasted colors resembling early cubism. The erotic content of the painting has been noted repeatedly, with critics pointing out that Picasso painted an erect penis, presumably symbolizing his own, in the upturned face of his model. On 26 March 2013, the painting was sold in a private sale for $155 million, making it one of the most expensive paintings ever sold.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: "Le Rêve" was purchased for $7,000 in 1941 by Victor and Sally Ganz of New York City. This purchase began their 50-year collection of works by just five artists: Picasso, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, and Eva Hesse. After the Ganzes died (Victor in 1987 and Sally in 1997), their collection, including "Le Rêve", was sold at Christie's auction house on November 11, 1997, as a means of settling their inheritance tax bill. "Le Rêve" sold for an unexpectedly high $48.4 million, at the time the fourth most expensive painting sold (tenth when taking inflation into account). The entire collection set a record for the sale of a private collection, bringing $206.5 million. The total amount paid by the Ganzes over their lifetime of collecting these pieces was around $2 million.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: The buyer who purchased "Le Rêve" at Christie's in 1997 appears to have been the Austrian-born investment fund manager Wolfgang Flöttl, who also briefly held Van Gogh's "Portrait of Dr. Gachet" in possession in the late 1990s. In 2001, under financial pressure, he sold "Le Rêve" to casino magnate Steve Wynn for an undisclosed sum, estimated to be about $60 million. On March 26, 2013, the "New York Post" reported that Steven A. Cohen of SAC Capital had bought the painting from Wynn for $155 million.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: In 2006, the painting was the centerpiece of Wynn’s collection and he had considered naming his Wynn Las Vegas resort after it. During a period of anti-French sentiment in the United States in response to France's opposition to the United States' proposed invasion of Iraq, Wynn decided it was inadvisable to give the resort a French name. In October 2006, Wynn told a group of his friends (including the screenwriter Nora Ephron and her husband Nick Pileggi, the broadcaster Barbara Walters, the art dealer Serge Sorokko and his wife, the model Tatiana Sorokko and the lawyer David Boies and his wife, Mary) that he had agreed the day before to sell "Le Rêve" for $139 million to Steve Cohen. At the time, this price would have made "Le Rêve" the most expensive piece of art ever. While Wynn was showing the painting to his friends, apparently about to reveal the now still officially undisclosed previous owner (see above), he put his right elbow through the canvas, puncturing the left forearm of the figure and creating a six-inch tear.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: Ephron offered as an explanation that Wynn uses wild gestures while speaking and has retinitis pigmentosa, which affects his peripheral vision. Later, Wynn said that he took the event as a sign to not sell the painting.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: After a $90,000 repair, the painting was re-valued at $85 million. Wynn filed a claim to recover the $54 million perceived loss from his Lloyd's of London insurers, an amount which would have covered most of the initial cost of buying the painting. When the insurers balked, Wynn sued them in January 2007.


title: Le Rêve (Picasso)

text: The case was eventually settled out of court in March 2007. Cohen bought the painting from Wynn in 2013 for $155 million (ca. $134 million in 2006 dollars). Ignoring inflation, the price was estimated to be the highest ever paid for an artwork by a U.S. collector until Kenneth C. Griffin's ~$300 million purchase of Willem de Kooning's "Interchange" in September 2015.


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: Phool Aur Kaante () is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language action-romance film directed by Kuku Kohli. It stars Ajay Devgan, Madhoo, Aruna Irani, Jagdeep and Amrish Puri among others. The film marked the debut of Devgan, son of late stunt and action choreographer Veeru Devgan, and Madhoo, niece of actress Hema Malini. The film was a superhit and won Devgan the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for 1991. This film was remade in Telugu as "Varasudu". The film is loosely based on the Malayalam film "Parampara" directed by Sibi Malayil where Mammootty plays dual roles as Johnny, the protagonist and Lawrence, his father.


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: "Phool Aur Kaante" was noted for its soundtrack and action sequences. Devgn's entry in the film became very popular where he appeared standing, balancing on two moving motorcycles. Similar stunts have been repeated in a number of films since, sometimes by Devgn himself.


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: Some scenes of the film were shot at Vanganga Lake near Silvassa (capital of the then union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli).


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: Upon release, the film received positive response both from critics and audience. Despite released alongwith a much bigger star studded Lamhe, it emerged as a major success at box office and was the fifth highest grossing film of that year.


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: Nageshwar alias "Don" (Amrish Puri) heads a vast criminal empire. He has an only son, Ajay (Ajay Devgn). So is Ajay's wife, Pooja (Madhoo), who would like to put an end to all these criminal activities. When Nageshwar starts showing signs of ageing, he decides that it is now time for Ajay to take over from him. Ajay does so, however, a number of Nageshwar's associates are unhappy, embittered, and critical of this choice, and as a result, they, under the leadership of Shankar Dhanraj kidnap Ajay's baby son, Gopal. Will Nageshwar negotiate his grandson's release, or will his grandson be another sacrifice of his "empire"? How will Ajay and his wife react to this?


title: Phool Aur Kaante

text: The soundtrack of "Phool Aur Kaante" was composed by the music duo Nadeem Shravan. The lyrics were written by Sameer and Rani Malik. The album was a superhit and the songs "Tumse Milne Ko Dil Karta Hai", "Dheere Dheere Pyar Ko Badhana Hai", "Maine Pyaar Tumhi Se Kiya Hai" (inspired by Pakistani Film Song "Mujhe Dekh Ke Been Bajain" sung by Musarrat Nazir Composed by M.Ashraf) were very popular. Singers Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik and Alisha Chinai rendered their voices in this album.


title: Temperate deciduous forest

text: Temperate deciduous or temperate broad-leaf forests are a variety of temperate forest 'dominated' by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm moist summers and cool winters. The six major areas of this forest type occur in the Northern Hemisphere: North America, East Asia, Central and Western Europe (except Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, Ireland and western Scotland), Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Norway and in the southern hemisphere in Patagonia (Chile and Argentina). Temperate evergreen forests occur in Australasia, New Zealand and southern South America (except for some areas in Chile and Argentina where there are deciduous forests), they are not deciduous as their northern-hemisphere equivalents. Examples of typical trees in the Northern Hemisphere's deciduous forests include oak, maple, basswood, beech and elm, while in the Southern Hemisphere, trees of the genus "Nothofagus" dominate this type of forest. They are also bound to receive heavy rainfall.


title: Temperate deciduous forest

text: Humans have often colonised areas in the temperate deciduous forest. They have harvested wood for timber and charcoal. During the European colonization of North America, potash made from tree ashes was exported back to Europe as fertilizer. This left less than one-quarter of original forests remaining. Many forests are now small fragments dissected by fields and roads; these islands of green often differ substantially from the original forests, particularly along the edges. The introduction of exotic diseases continues to be a threat to forest trees, and hence, the forest; examples include the loss of chestnut and elm. At the same time, species such as deer, which are clearing rather than true forest animals, have expanded their range and proliferated in these altered landscapes. Large deer populations have deleterious effects on tree regeneration overall, but particularly for edible species including yew, yellow birch, and hemlock. Deer grazing also has significant negative effects on the number and kind of herbaceous flowering plants. The continuing pressure to increase deer populations, and the continued killing of top carnivores, suggests that overgrazing by deer will continue.