title: Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey

text: In a contemporary review of "RAM", Jon Landau of "Rolling Stone" gave "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" a negative review, saying the song is "a piece with so many changes it never seems to come down anywhere, and in the places that it does, sounds like the worst piece of light music Paul has ever done." "Cash Box" said that the song "is bursting with fine melodies and interesting musical changes certain to please both AM and underground programmers."


title: Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey

text: A retrospective 2012 Pitchfork review by Jayson Greene states "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey is not only "Ram" centerpiece, it is clearly one of McCartney’s five greatest solo songs. As the slash in the title hints, it's a multi-part song, starring two characters. To put its accomplishments in an egg-headed way: It fuses the conversational joy listeners associated with McCartney's melodic gift to the compositional ambition everyone assumed was Lennon's. To put it a simpler way: Every single second of this song is joyously, deliriously catchy, and no two seconds are the same."


title: Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey

text: On the US charts, the song set a milestone as the all-time songwriting record (at the time) for Paul McCartney for the most consecutive calendar years to write a #1 song. This gave him eight consecutive years (starting with "I Want to Hold Your Hand"), leaving Lennon behind with only seven years.


title: Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey

text: "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" appears on the "Wings Greatest" compilation album released in 1978, even though "Ram" was not a Wings album.


title: Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey

text: The song appears on several solo Paul McCartney compilations: the US version of "All the Best!" (1987), as well as "" (2001), and on both the standard and deluxe versions of "Pure McCartney" (2016). It was also included on "The 7" Singles Box" in 2022.


title: Pullman Company

text: The Pullman Company, founded by George Pullman, was a manufacturer of railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Through rapid late-19th century development of mass production and takeover of rivals, the company developed a virtual monopoly on production and ownership of sleeper cars. During a severe economic downturn, the 1894 Pullman Strike by company workers proved a transforming moment in American labor history. At the company's peak in the early 20th century, its cars accommodated 26 million people a year, and it in effect operated "the largest hotel in the world". Its production workers initially lived in a planned worker community (or "company town") named Pullman, Chicago.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman developed the sleeping car, which carried his name into the 1980s. Pullman did not just manufacture the cars, it also operated them on most of the railroads in the United States, paying railroad companies to couple the cars to trains. In return, by the mid-20th century, these railroads would own Pullman outright. A labor union associated with the company, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, founded and organized by A. Philip Randolph, was one of the most powerful African-American political entities of the 20th century. The company also built thousands of streetcars and trolley buses for use in cities. Post-WWII changes in automobile and airplane transport led to a steep decline in the company's fortunes. It collapsed in 1968, with a successor company continuing operations until 1981.


title: Pullman Company

text: After spending the night sleeping in his seat on a train trip from Buffalo to Westfield, New York, George Pullman was inspired to design an improved passenger railcar which contained sleeper berths for all its passengers. During the day, the upper berth was folded up overhead similar to an present-day airliner's overhead luggage compartment. At night, the upper berth folded down and the 2 facing seats below it folded over to provide a relatively comfortable lower berth. Although this was a somewhat spartan accommodation by today's standards, it was a great improvement on the previous layout. Curtains provided privacy, and there were washrooms at each end of the car for men and women. The first Pullman coach was built at the Chicago & Alton shops in Bloomington, Illinois in the spring of 1859 with the permission of Chicago & Alton President Joel A. Matteson.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman established his company in 1862 and built luxury sleeping cars which featured carpeting, draperies, upholstered chairs, libraries, card tables and an unparalleled level of customer service. Patented paper car wheels provided a quieter and smoother ride than conventional cast iron wheels from 1867 to 1915. Once a household name due to their large market share, the Pullman Company is also known for the bitter Pullman Strike staged by their workers and union leaders in 1894. During an economic downturn, Pullman reduced hours and wages but not rents, precipitating the strike. Workers joined the American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs.


title: Pullman Company

text: After George Pullman's death in 1897, Robert Todd Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln, became company president. Pullman purchased the Standard Steel Car Company in 1930 amid the Great Depression, and the merged entity was known as Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company. The company closed its factory in the Pullman neighborhood of Chicago in 1955. The company ceased production after the Amtrak Superliner cars in 1982 and its remaining designs were purchased in 1987 when it was absorbed by Bombardier.


title: Pullman Company

text: On January 1, 1900, after buying numerous associated and competing companies, it was reorganized as The Pullman Co., characterized by its trademark phrase, "Travel and Sleep in Safety and Comfort."


title: Pullman Company

text: In 1924, the Pullman Car & Manufacturing Corporation was organized from the previous Pullman manufacturing department, to consolidate the car building interests of The Pullman Co. The parent company, The Pullman Co., was reorganized as Pullman, Inc., on June 21, 1927.


title: Pullman Company

text: The best years for Pullman were the mid-1920s. In 1925, the fleet grew to 9800 cars. Twenty-eight thousand conductors and twelve thousand porters were employed by the Pullman Co. Pullman built its last standard heavyweight sleeping car in February 1931.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman purchased controlling interest in Standard Steel Car Company in 1929, and on December 26, 1934, Pullman Car & Manufacturing (along with several other Pullman, Inc. subsidiaries), merged with Standard Steel Car Co. (and its subsidiaries) to form the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company. Pullman-Standard remained in the rail car manufacturing business until 1982. Standard Steel Car Co., had been organized on January 2, 1902, to operate a railroad car manufacturing facility at Butler, Pennsylvania (and, after 1906, a facility at Hammond, Indiana), and was reorganized as a subsidiary of Pullman, Inc., on March 1, 1930.


title: Pullman Company

text: In 1940, just as orders for lightweight cars were increasing and sleeping car traffic was growing, the United States Department of Justice filed an anti-trust complaint against Pullman Incorporated in the U.S. District Court at Philadelphia (Civil Action No. 994). The government sought to separate the company's sleeping car operations from its manufacturing activities. In 1944, the court concurred, ordering Pullman Incorporated to divest itself of either the Pullman Company (operating) or the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company (manufacturing). After three years of negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of 57 railroads for approximately US$40 million.


title: Pullman Company

text: In 1943, Pullman Standard established a shipbuilding division and entered wartime small ship design and construction. The yard was located near Lake Calumet in Chicago, on the north side of 130th Street. Pullman built the boats in 40-ton blocks which were assembled in a fabrication shop on 111th Street and moved to the yard on gondola cars. In two years, the company built 34 Corvette PCEs, which were 180 feet long and weighed 640 tons, and 44 LSMs, which were 203 feet long and weighed 520 tons. Pullman ranked 56th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman-Standard built its last sleeping car in 1956 and its last lightweight passenger cars in 1965, an order of ten coaches for Kansas City Southern. The company continued to market and build cars for commuter rail and subway service and Superliners for Amtrak as late as the late 1970s and early 1980s.


title: Pullman Company

text: Beginning in 1975, Pullman started delivery of the massive 754 stainless steel subway cars to the New York City Transit Authority. Designated R46 by their procurement contract, these cars, along with the R44 subway car built by St. Louis Car Company, were designed for speeds in the Second Avenue Subway. After it was deferred in 1975, the Transit Authority assigned the cars to other subway services. Pullman also built subway cars for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, which assigned them to the Red Line. Pullman-Standard was spun off from Pullman, Inc., as Pullman Technology, Inc., in 1981, and was sold to Bombardier in 1987.


title: Pullman Company

text: In "United States v. Pullman Co.", 50 F. Supp. 123, 126, 137 (E.D. Pa. 1943), the company was ordered to divest itself of one of its two lines of sleeping car businesses after having acquired all of its competitors.


title: Pullman Company

text: After the 1944 breakup, Pullman, Inc., remained in place as the parent company, with the following subsidiaries: The Pullman Company for passenger car operations (but not passenger car ownership, which was passed to member railroads), and Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co., for passenger car and freight car manufacturing; along with a large freight car leasing operation under the parent company's control. Pullman, Inc., remained separate until a merger with Wheelabrator, then headed by CEO Michael D. Dingman, in late 1980, which led to the separation of Pullman interests in early and mid-1981.


title: Pullman Company

text: Operations of the Pullman Company sleeper cars ceased and all leases were terminated on December 31, 1968. On January 1, 1969, the Pullman Company was dissolved and all assets were liquidated. (The most visible result on many railroads, including Union Pacific, was that the Pullman name was removed from the letterboard of all Pullman-owned cars.) An auction of all Pullman remaining assets was held at the Pullman plant in Chicago in early 1970. The Pullman, Inc., company remained in place until 1981 or 1982 to close out all remaining liabilities and claims, operating from an office in Denver.


title: Pullman Company

text: The passenger car designs of Pullman-Standard were spun off into a separate company called Pullman Technology, Inc., in 1982. Using the Transit America trade name, Pullman Technology continued to market its Comet car design (first built for New Jersey Department of Transportation in 1970) for commuter operations until 1987, when Bombardier purchased Pullman Technology to gain control of its designs and patents. As of late 2004, Pullman Technology, Inc., remained a subsidiary of Bombardier.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman, Inc., spun off its large fleet of leased freight rail cars in April 1981 as Pullman Leasing Company, which later became part of ITEL Leasing, retaining the original PLCX reporting mark. ITEL Rail Leasing (including the PLCX reporting mark) was later divested to GE Rail Services.


title: Pullman Company

text: In mid-1981, Pullman, Inc., spun off its freight car manufacturing interests as Pullman Transportation Company. Several plants were closed and in 1984, the remaining railcar manufacturing plants and the Pullman-Standard freight car designs and patents were sold to Trinity Industries.


title: Pullman Company

text: After separating itself from its rail car manufacturing interests, Pullman, Inc., continued as a diversified corporation, with later mergers and acquisitions, including a merger in late 1980 with Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc., in which Pullman became a subsidiary of Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc. In January 1982, Wheelabrator-Frye merged with M. W. Kellogg Company, a builder of large, cast-in-place smokestacks, silos and chimneys. Wheelabrator-Frye retained both Pullman and Kellogg as direct subsidiaries. Later in 1982 Signal acquired Wheelabrator-Frye. In 1990, the entire Wheelabrator-Frye group was sold to Waste Management, Inc. The Pullman-Kellogg interests were spun off by Waste Management as Pullman Power Products Corporation, and by late 2004 that company was doing business as Pullman Power LLC, a subsidiary of Structural Group, a specialty contractor.


title: Pullman Company

text: As a side note, other construction engineering portions of Pullman-Kellogg were spun off as a new M. W. Kellogg Corporation, and in December 1998, became part of the merger that formed Kellogg, Brown & Root, a specialty contractor which itself was later sold to Halliburton, an oil well servicing company. In an eventual competitive move, other Kellogg engineering interests were merged with Rust Engineering becoming Kellogg Rust, which itself became The Henley Group, and later Rust International before it became the Rust Division of what is today Washington Group International, a specialty contracting firm that competes directly with Halliburton worldwide. Washington Group International is the successor to the Morrison Knudsen civil engineering and contracting corporation, and is also the owner of Montana Rail Link.


title: Pullman Company

text: After the last of the Kellogg interests of Pullman-Kellogg were spun off, and after the railcar manufacturing plants were sold, and with the formal dissolution of the old Pullman Company (the operating company from the 1944 split), the remaining portions of the Pullman interests were spun off in May 1985 by Signal into a new Pullman Company. In November 1985, Pullman bought Peabody International and the new company took the new name of Pullman Peabody. In April 1987 (after Pullman Technology was sold to Bombardier), the name was changed back to Pullman Company. In July 1987 the company acquired Clevite Industries. By 1996, Pullman Co., with its Clevite subsidiary, was almost solely a supplier of automotive elastomer (rubber) parts, and in July 1996 the company was sold to Tenneco. As of late 2004, Pullman Co. (now the brand name Clevite), as a manufacturer of automotive elastomer products, was still under the control of Tenneco Automotive.


title: Pullman Company

text: In 1877, the United States experienced the Great Railroad Strike. Part of its legacy included more powerful unions and a tendency for employers to consider the broader well-being of their employees. Pullman's objective in building a company town was to attract a superior type of employee and further elevate these individuals by excluding baneful influences. In late April 1880, George Pullman announced his plans to build a company town and factory. Pullman's plan included an expectation that rent collected on the houses in the town would produce a 6% return on investment (ROI), but the ROI never exceeded 4–%.


title: Pullman Company

text: The company built Pullman, Illinois on , south of Chicago, contracting Solon Spencer Beman for design and Nathan F. Barrett for landscaping. Both were considered experts in their respective fields. Beman interned under architect Richard Upjohn. Barrett landscaped areas in Staten Island and Tuxedo, New York, as well as Long Branch, New Jersey. George Pullman's governing concept placed the town not within the city limits of Chicago but in the adjoining town of Hyde Park. On April 24, 1880, groundwork began. Throughout construction, Pullman sought to minimize costs and maximize efficiency adopting techniques of mass production whenever possible. Some of the earliest departments and shops created included painting, iron, and woodworking. These could then be employed to contribute to continuing construction. By January 1, 1881, the town was ready for its first resident. A foreman from the Pullman Company's Detroit shop, Lee Benson, moved his wife, child, and sister into the town. Building exteriors were red brick with limestone trim. Interiors featured high ceilings and large windows. Interior walls were purposefully painted in light colors with the objective of providing a cheerful environment. When completed, the town included a library, theater, hotel, church, market, sewage farm, park, and many residential buildings. The bar in the Florence Hotel was the only place within the town limits where alcohol could be served and consumed. In the residential section, were dedicated to tenements, flats and single-family homes with rents from $0.50 to $0.75 per month ($ to $ in adjusted for inflation). The residences featured modern conveniences such as gas, running water, indoor sewage plumbing and regular garbage removal. By 1884, there were more than 1,400 tenements and flats. By July of the following year the population exceeded 8,600.


title: Pullman Company

text: In charge of the company town was the town agent who was responsible for all services and businesses including street and building maintenance, gas and water works, fire protection, the hotel, sewage farm, and the nursery and greenhouse. Reporting to the town agent were nine department heads and approximately 300 men. With the exception of the school board there were no elections. All officials were selected by Pullman.


title: Pullman Company

text: After its completion, the Pullman company town attracted national attention. Many critics praised Pullman's concept and planning. One newspaper article titled "The Arcadian City: Pullman, the Ideal City of the World" praised the town as "the youngest and most perfect city in the world, Pullman; beautiful in every belonging." In February 1885, Harper's Monthly published and article by Richard T. Ely entitled "Pullman: A Social Study". Though the article offered praise for creating an elevated environment for its workers, it criticized the all-encompassing influence of the company ultimately concluding that "Pullman is un-American" and "benevolent, well-wishing feudalism."


title: Pullman Company

text: During the Panic of 1893, Pullman closed his manufacturing plant in Detroit to move all manufacturing to Pullman. Due to the soft economic conditions of this period, the Pullman Co. reduced wages and laid off employees. Though wages were reduced, residential utility rates and rents remained unchanged. On May 11, 1894, the employees of the Pullman Co. walked off the job initiating the Pullman Strike. Thirty people were killed as a result of the strikes and sabotage. At the conclusion of the strike, perhaps due to a loss of pride, Pullman's company town was never the same.


title: Pullman Company

text: In February 1904, the Pullman Company was given a court order to sell the company town but delayed compliance until 1907. Today, Pullman is a Chicago neighborhood, and a historical landmark district on the state, National Historic Landmark and National Register of Historic Places lists.


title: Pullman Company

text: In 2014, the National Park Service initially considered the concept of turning Pullman into a new, urban National Park.


title: Pullman Company

text: On February 19, 2015, Pullman's company town was established as a National Monument by President Barack Obama.


title: Pullman Company

text: The Pullman Company operated several facilities in other areas of the US. One of these was the Pullman Shops in Richmond, California, which was linked to the mainline tracks of both the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe, servicing their passenger equipment from throughout the Western US. The main building of the Richmond Pullman Shops still exists, as does the thoroughfare it's located on: Pullman Avenue.


title: Pullman Company

text: The Pullman Company was also noted for its porters. The porters served first-class passengers traveling in the luxurious Pullman sleeping cars.


title: Pullman Company

text: When George Pullman began hiring porters in 1868, he sought people who had been trained to be the perfect servants. This led the company to hire black men (many, if not all, of whom were newly-freed chattel slaves) almost exclusively for the porter positions. This decision by Pullman wasn't one of altruism but one primarily driven by economics: Pullman paid the black porters a pittance, forcing them to rely on tips from their white clientele for most of their earnings. This allowed the company to increase profits by minimizing the wages paid to one of its most important, and numerous, positions.


title: Pullman Company

text: Being a Pullman Porter was seen as safe, steady work and allowed tens of thousands of African-Americans access to middle-class life. This had little to do with the wages being paid to them by Pullman.


title: Pullman Company

text: Former slaves working in a servile position were treated harshly, and were frequently subject to verbal and physical abuse. In 1925, after decades of discrimination and mistreatment by the passengers and the Pullman company itself, the porters organized and became the first African-American labor union. Founded by A. Philip Randolph the porters formed the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), which after years of effort, fought for and won a collective bargaining agreement in 1937. At its height the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters had a membership of over 18,000 passenger railway workers across Canada, Mexico, and the United States.


title: Pullman Company

text: The legacy of Pullman porters goes beyond the railway. A. Philip Randolph took the lessons learned and experience gained in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters to help organize the nascent black civil rights movement. Likewise, E.D. Nixon, a Pullman porter and leader of a local chapter of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, worked with one of his employees to help start the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama, using Rosa Parks' arrest as a catalyst and rallying cry to help organize it. Nixon, whose duties as a porter often saw him out of town for various lengths of time, had to enlist the help of a young, energetic black minister new to Montgomery to run the boycott in his absence: the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.


title: Pullman Company

text: Pullman's streetcar building period lasted from 1891 until 1951. The company one was one of just three builders (and one of only two in the U.S.) of the PCC streetcar, a standardized type of streetcar purchased by numerous North American transit systems between 1936 and 1952 and nearly 5,000 of which were constructed. Pullman built the body of the very first all-new PCC car, a prototype called "model B", in 1934, but the first production-series Pullman PCC cars were not built until 1938 (and delivered in early 1939). The St. Louis Car Company captured about 75% of the U.S. market for PCC cars, with the balance of around 25% being supplied by Pullman.


title: Pullman Company

text: In addition to rail vehicles, Pullman-Standard also manufactured trolley buses – or "trolley coaches", as they were more commonly known at the time – starting in 1931 and concluding in late 1952. A total of 2,007 trolley buses were built by the company. Production took place at a former Osgood Bradley Car Company plant in Worcester, Massachusetts, which had come under Pullman control as part of its 1929/30 acquisition of a controlling interest in the Standard Steel Car Company. The vast majority were built for U.S. cities, with only 24 being supplied to Canadian cities and a total of 136 built for cities in South America. The last trolleybuses built were an order of 30 for Valparaíso, Chile, in late 1952. That city's Pullman trolley buses have far outlasted any others, and as of 2015 about a dozen were still in regular service there, four from the 1952 batch and the others from a larger group built in 1946–48 but partially rebuilt in 1987–88. In 2003, the remaining 15 were declared a National Historic Monument by the Chilean government.


title: Borehole

text: A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage.


title: Borehole

text: Engineers and environmental consultants use the term "borehole" to collectively describe all of the various types of holes drilled as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment (a so-called Phase II ESA). This includes holes advanced to collect soil samples, water samples or rock cores, to advance "in situ" sampling equipment, or to install monitoring wells or piezometers. Samples collected from boreholes are often tested in a laboratory to determine their physical properties, or to assess levels of various chemical constituents or contaminants.


title: Borehole

text: Typically, a borehole used as a water well is completed by installing a vertical pipe (casing) and well screen to keep the borehole from caving. This also helps prevent surface contaminants from entering the borehole and protects any installed pump from drawing in sand and sediment. Oil and natural gas wells are completed in a similar, albeit usually more complex, manner.


title: Borehole

text: As detailed in proxy (climate), borehole temperature measurements at a series of different depths can be effectively "inverted" (a mathematical formula to solve a matrix equation) to help estimate historic surface temperatures.


title: Borehole

text: Clusters of small-diameter boreholes equipped with heat exchangers made of plastic PEX pipe can be used to store heat or cold between opposing seasons in a mass of native rock. The technique is called seasonal thermal energy storage. Media that can be used for this technique ranges from gravel to bedrock. There can be a few to several hundred boreholes, and in practice, depths have ranged from 150 to 1000 feet.


title: Borehole

text: Borehole drilling has a long history. By at least the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), the Chinese used deep borehole drilling for mining and other projects. The British sinologist and historian Michael Loewe states that borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 m (2000 ft). K.S. Tom describes the drilling process: "The Chinese method of deep drilling was accomplished by a team of men jumping on and off a beam to impact the drilling bit while the boring tool was rotated by buffalo and oxen." This was the same method used for extracting petroleum in California during the 1860s (i.e. "Kicking Her Down"). A Western Han Dynasty bronze foundry discovered in Xinglong, Hebei had nearby mining shafts which reached depths of 100 m (328 ft) with spacious mining areas; the shafts and rooms were complete with a timber frame, ladders and iron tools. By the first century BC, Chinese craftsmen cast iron drill bits and drillers were able to drill boreholes up to 4800 feet (1500 m) deep. By the eleventh century AD, the Chinese were able to drill boreholes up to 3000 feet in depth. Drilling for boreholes was time-consuming and long. As the depth of the holes varied, the drilling of a single well could last nearly one full decade. It wasn't up until the 19th century that Europe and the West would catch up and rival ancient Chinese borehole drilling technology.


title: Borehole

text: For many years, the world's longest borehole was the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia. From 2011 until August 2012 the record was held by the long Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well, offshore the Russian island Sakhalin. The Z-44 extended-reach well took the title of the world's longest borehole on 27 August 2012. Z-44's total measured depth is 12,376 m (40,604 ft). However, ERD wells are more shallow than the Kola Borehole, owing to a large horizontal displacement.


title: Borehole

text: Drillers may sink a borehole using a drilling rig or a hand-operated rig. The machinery and techniques to advance a borehole vary considerably according to manufacturer, geological conditions, and the intended purpose. For offshore drilling floating units or platforms supported by the seafloor are used for the drilling rig.


title: That's the Spirit

text: That's the Spirit is the fifth studio album by British rock band Bring Me the Horizon. The album was released on 11 September 2015, and marks a departure from the group's metalcore roots, in favour of a less aggressive alternative rock and metal style.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The album debuted at number one in Australia and Canada, as well as number two on the UK Albums Chart and the US "Billboard" 200. The album received universal acclaim from music critics.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The band started teasing the album in late June when the band started promoting images of a symbol of an umbrella, all in the form of tattoos, stickers and posters posted around England, which would later be revealed as a promotional symbol for the album's first single. The band later released a short video in early July where the words "That's the spirit" were spoken in reverse. On 13 July, the band announced they had left their previous label Epitaph Records and signed fully with Sony Music subsidiaries RCA and Columbia.


title: That's the Spirit

text: In an interview with "NME", vocalist Oliver Sykes confirmed the album title being "That's the Spirit" while also mentioning several song titles as "True Friends", "Avalanche", "Throne" and "Blasphemy".


title: That's the Spirit

text: Keyboardist Jordan Fish played the role as producer for the album along with Sykes, considering an external producer unnecessary. The band also hired a personal fitness trainer during the album's recording process.


title: That's the Spirit

text: In an interview with "NME", Sykes said that the album is a loose concept album about life's darker moods, such as depression, and a way of making light of it. He cited the alternative rock bands Jane's Addiction, Panic! at the Disco, Interpol and Radiohead as influences for the new album. Jon Wiederhorn of "Rolling Stone" stated that the album marks a change for Bring Me the Horizon from a sound "undeniably rooted in metal" to a "sound full of ebb-and-flow dynamics inspired by indie rock, alternative music and pop" in an "evolution from artsy metalcore to cinematic pop rock", and that it sounds more like Muse and Linkin Park than Metallica and Lamb of God. Similarly, Daniel Furnari of "Blunt Magazine" suggested that ""That's The Spirit" sees Bring Me The Horizon push things further than ever with a collection of stadium-standard alt-rock anthems more suited to Glastonbury than Warped Tour ... For perhaps the first time, Bring Me The Horizon have produced a record with no throwbacks to the "Suicide Season" days of outrageous mosh calls and downtuned riff insanity."


title: That's the Spirit

text: Featuring characteristics of electronic music, "That's the Spirit" has been considered electronic rock, alternative rock and alternative metal, arena rock, and hard rock album by several online platforms, such as AllMusic, "Toronto Sun", and "Blunt Magazine". Its style has also been described as pop rock by some music critics. Sites such as "The Guardian" and "St. Cloud Times" have described it as nu metal.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The band's first single released from the album before its announcement was "Drown" on 21 October 2014. The second single was "Happy Song", released on 12 July 2015. The third was "Throne", which was accompanied with a music video and the official announcement of the album's track listing and cover art. Fish explains that "Throne" reflects the group's then current state of mind both musically and emotionally, going to say that it was one of the most straight forward songs they had recorded, but felt that it was an obvious choice for a single due to its immediate catchy-ness and level of energy. "True Friends", was released as a single on 22 August along an official lyric video. It was also released in form of a limited edition 7" vinyl. A music video for the track "Follow You" was premiered on 16 March 2016 via the band's Vevo channel. It was co-directed by frontman Oliver Sykes and Frank Borin. On 26 February 2016, it was also released as a single in the form of a limited edition 7" vinyl. "Avalanche" was released as a single on 23 June 2016, being played in Radio 1's Big Weekend. A live music video was also premiered for the song. "Oh No" was released as the final single from "That's the Spirit" on 18 November 2016 in a radio edit version. Its music video was directed by Isaac Eastgate and premiered via "Rolling Stone" on 3 November 2016.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The band set up an intimate album launch performance on September 6, 2015, at the Rose Theatre, Kingston and embarked on a tour throughout October 2015 in North America, which also featured American festivals such as Aftershock Festival and Knotfest and was supported by metal band Issues and rock band Pvris. The band also played a European Tour in November 2015


title: That's the Spirit

text: Like the band's last two albums, "That's the Spirit" was met with critical acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic (a review aggregator site which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 from music critics), based on 10 critics, the album has received a score of 88/100, which indicates "universal acclaim".


title: That's the Spirit

text: Daniel Furnari of "Blunt Magazine" wrote: "[On "That's the Spirit",] Oli Sykes powers through every enormous chorus and infectious verse with a confidence and finesse that would have you believe he’s been singing like this for years." Andy Biddulph of "Rock Sound" stated that the band sounded their most accomplished in the album, bursting with fresh ideas and says that no other band incorporates synth and atmospherics into music quite like the band does in this particular album, comparing the band to the likes of Linkin Park. James Christopher Monger at AllMusic stated "What's most surprising is how natural it all feels, but that's due in large part to the long-form recalibration of the band's sound. By entering the mainstream one limb (album) at a time, Bring Me the Horizon are merely reaping what they've sown, and longtime fans should already feel acclimated to the water." In addition to Linkin Park, Monger compared the choruses from the album to Avenged Sevenfold, Thirty Seconds to Mars and late 1990s Metallica.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The album was ranked at number two in "Alternative Press"s "10 Essential Records of 2015" list. Matt Crane of "Alternative Press" wrote that the album shows a "genuine evolution for the band." He named "Happy Song" as providing the band "rock-radio potential" and "Throne" as "an aggressive, exotic take on the groove-based synth-rock" that was popularised by Linkin Park. The album was included at number one on "Rock Sound"s top 50 releases of 2015 list. "That's the Spirit" was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2016 Alternative Press Music Awards.


title: That's the Spirit

text: On 14 September 2015, "The Official Chart Update" reported that "That's the Spirit" was on track to debut atop the UK Albums Chart, being just 1,000 copies ahead of "Keep the Village Alive" by the Stereophonics. However, four days later, after one of the closest chart battles of 2015, "Keep the Village Alive" beat "That's the Spirit" to number one by a margin of less than 1,300 copies, denying Bring Me the Horizon their first ever chart-topper.


title: That's the Spirit

text: The album also debuted at number one in Australia, giving the band their third consecutive number-one album there. "That's the Spirit" has sold 130,000 copies in the US as of February 2016.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Harley Jane Kozak (born January 28, 1957) is an American actress and author. She made her film debut in the slasher film "The House on Sorority Row" (1982), and had a recurring role as Mary Duvall on the soap opera "Santa Barbara" between 1985 and 1989. She later had supporting parts in "Clean and Sober" (1988) and "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), before starring in the major studio films "Parenthood" (1989) and "Arachnophobia" (1990).


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak continued to act in film throughout the remainder of the 1990s and into the 2000s, but turned her focus to writing. She has published five mystery novels since 2004. Her debut novel, "Dating Dead Men", earned her an Agatha, Anthony, and Macavity Award.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak was born Susan Jane Kozak in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Dorothy (née Taraldsen), a university music teacher, and Joseph Aloysius Kozak, an attorney. She has seven older siblings; their father died when she was a year old. Kozak was raised in Lincoln, Nebraska.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak attended the University of Nebraska–Lincoln for three semesters before relocating to New York City, where she worked as a waitress for ten years. During this period, she attended New York University's Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts, graduating in 1980. Of her name, Kozak has said that "Harley" came from a former boyfriend, who owned a Harley-Davidson motorcycle, and that she liked the nickname, later having her name legally changed.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak starred in movies such as "The House on Sorority Row" (1983), "Parenthood" (1989), "Side Out" (1990), "Arachnophobia" (1990), "The Taking of Beverly Hills" (1991), "Necessary Roughness" (1991), "All I Want for Christmas" (1991), "The Favor" (1994), "Magic in the Water" (1995), "Unforgivable" (1996), and the soap operas "Texas" (from November 1981 to December 1982 as Brette Wheeler), "Guiding Light" (from 1983 to 1985 and a one-day voice-over in February 1990, as both Annabelle Sims Reardon and Annabelle's deceased mother, in 1983 flashbacks, Annie Sims) and "Santa Barbara" (from 1985 to 1986 and again in 1989, as former nun, Mary Duvall McCormick).


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: In "Santa Barbara", her character died in an accident where a giant neon letter "C" toppled onto her during an argument atop the Capwell hotel. Viewers were so angry over Mary's death that they started a letter-writing campaign demanding for her reappearance. The show received such a huge number of letters that eventually they admitted their mistake and asked Kozak to come back. She declined the offer since she was already working with other projects and she was proud of the unusual way her character had made her exit. In February 1989, though, she made a brief return as an angel in Heaven. In 1987 Harley received a "Soap Opera Digest" Award from her role as Mary.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: In 1993–1994, Kozak played Alison Hart, wife of Dave Hart, portrayed by Beau Bridges, on the CBS comedy/western series "Harts of the West". The program was set on a dude ranch in Nevada. Lloyd Bridges played the ranch foreman, and Diane Ladd appeared once as Alison's mother. Her three children were played by Sean Murray, Nathan Watt and Meghann Haldeman, who has been friends with her on-screen mother ever since. Mark Harmon also guest-starred the series. Kozak has worked several times with Harmon, both in movies and TV series and she credits him as one of her favorite co-stars.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: In 1996, Kozak appeared in the mini-series "Titanic" along with Peter Gallagher and Catherine Zeta Jones. She played the role of Bess Allison, a mother who dies while searching for her missing baby at the time when RMS "Titanic" sinks. Kozak was originally chosen to play Karen Sammler in the TV show "Once and Again". She filmed the pilot, but was asked to withdraw from the series when she became pregnant with her first child, because they did not want her character to be pregnant. The role went to Susanna Thompson. Also in 1996, Kozak portrayed a battered wife in a made for TV movie, "Unforgivable", co-starring with John Ritter, and received praise for her "strong" performance. Kozak also appeared in "Cold Lazarus", a first-season episode of "Stargate SG-1", as Sara O'Neill.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak has written five novels: "Dating Dead Men" (2004), "Dating Is Murder : A Novel" (2005), "Dead Ex" (2007), and "A Date You Can't Refuse" (2008), all of which feature greeting-card designer and amateur sleuth Wollie Shelley, a woman with very eccentric friends and family. The first three novels were published by Doubleday, a division of Random House, and the most recent was published by Broadway Books following the restructuring of Doubleday. "Dating Dead Men" won an Agatha Award, an Anthony Award, and a Macavity Award for best first novel. Kozak's fifth book is "Keeper of the Moon", a paranormal romantic suspense novel.


title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Kozak lives in Los Angeles, California. She has been married twice: a brief union in the early 1980s and a second marriage from 1997 to 2007 with entertainment lawyer Gregory Aldisert, with whom she has three children.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (, German Air Force)—known before October 1916 as (Flyer Troops)—was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The Imperial German Army created an experimental balloon company inspired by the American balloon corps they had seen while observing the American Civil War, with varying forms of organisation from 1884 to 1901 until a Balloon Battalion was finally formed. The rapid development of aeronautics led to trials of airships and the choice of rigid types built by Zeppelin and Schutte-Lanz. The first military aircraft to be acquired by the German Army entered service in 1910 and the first five aviation battalions were established on 1 October 1913. The Imperial German Air Service () and other branches concerned with air matters such as anti-aircraft, home defence and air intelligence were unified in the on 8 October 1916.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The duties of such aircraft were initially intended to be reconnaissance and artillery spotting in support of the armies, just as balloons had been used during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and as far back as the Battle of Fleurus (1794) during the French Revolutionary Wars. The French (army air service) was created in 1909 and became the in 1912. The Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers, with two companies, was established in November 1911. The Royal Flying Corps, RFC with a military wing and a naval wing was formed in February 1912.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The initial units of the , dedicated to observation, were known as (Field Flier Detachments) and had an official establishment of six unarmed, two-seat "A" (monoplane), and/or "B"-class (biplane) aircraft apiece. Each "FFA" unit assigned to an army unit in their local area, and usually numbered with the same number as the army they were assigned to serve. The organization changed substantially as the war progressed, to accommodate new types of aircraft, doctrine, tactics and the needs of the ground troops, in particularly the artillery. During this time the system of organisation and unit designations evolved that would form the basis of those used in the of Nazi Germany, when it was revealed in 1935. During 1916, the German High Command (, OHL) reorganised by creating specialist fighter, bomber and reconnaissance units such as single-seat fighter squadrons (, , hunting squadrons) to counter the Royal Flying Corps and the French .


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The initial deployment of fighter aircraft in the summer of 1915 occurred within the , which were being equipped with one or two of the new Fokker Eindecker fighter aircraft for each unit, starting with the five Fokker M.5K/MG production prototypes of the Eindecker, bearing serial numbers E.1/15 through E.5/15. The buildup of the fighter force rapidly progressed with regular lMG 08 "Spandau"-armed production examples of the Fokker E.I following the deliveries of the M.5K/MG airframes late in the summer of 1915, with early E.Is going to aces like Max Immelmann, who received IdFlieg serial number E.13/15 in August 1915.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The first step towards specialist fighter-only aviation units within the German military was the establishment of (single-seat battle unit, abbreviated as KEK) formations by Inspektor-Major Friedrich Stempel in February 1916. These were based around Eindeckers and other new fighter designs emerging, like the Pfalz E-series monoplanes, that were being detached from their former FFA units during the winter of 1915–1916 and brought together in pairs and quartets at particularly strategic locations, as KEK units were formed at Vaux, Avillers, Jametz, Cunel and other strategic locations along the Western Front, to act as (aerial guard force) units, consisting only of fighters.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: Following the era of the KEK units through the summer of 1916, (hunting squadrons), established by the reorganization that started by the late summer of 1916 were fielded by four kingdoms of the German Empire. Individually - each of these units was often known by the abbreviation . The Kingdom of Prussia was predominant, with a fighter force eventually comprising 67 squadrons. The Kingdom of Bavaria formed ten of these units, the Kingdom of Saxony formed seven and the Kingdom of Württemberg four.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: On 24 June 1917, the brought a quartet of squadrons together to form its first fighter wing, Royal Prussian , incorporating Jastas 4, 6, 10 and 11, and set the pattern for using Roman numerals in the in the titles of such larger units. Manfred von Richthofen was moved up from command of Jasta 11 to command JG I. Much as Jasta 2 had been renamed as in December 1916 after Oswald Boelcke, Germany's top fighter tactician had been lost in a mid-air collision in October 1916, following the "Red Baron's" death in action in late April 1918, JG I was renamed to honor von Richthofen by order of the Kaiser.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The Prussians established three more . On 2 February 1918, JG II formed from 12, 13, 15 and 19, with Adolf Ritter von Tutschek in command. On the same day, JG III consolidated 2 and 26, 27 and 36 under Bruno Loerzer. Finally, on 2 September 1918, the Royal Prussian was formed from the 's I through V and placed in charge of Gotthard Sachsenberg. Bavaria established the Royal Bavarian on 3 October 1918, from Jastas 23, 32, 34 and 35 under Eduard Ritter von Schleich.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: During the war, the Imperial Army Air Service used many types of aircraft, ranging from fighters (such as those manufactured by , Fokker, and Siemens-Schuckert), reconnaissance aircraft (Aviatik, (DFW) and Rumpler), two-seat fighters from Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke and Hannoversche Waggonfabrik and heavy bombers, largely the twin-engined designs from the () and the enormous, multi-engined heavy bombers produced by and rigid airships from (the Zeppelin Company) and as well as various types of airship from other firms.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: During the First World War, German aircraft officially adopted for military service were allocated a designation that included (1) the name of the manufacturer, (2) a function or "class" letter, and (3) a Roman numeral. The three-part designation was needed for a unique designation to simplify logistics support of the many types of aircraft in operation – especially as squadrons more often than not were equipped with several different types.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The designation system evolved during the war. Initially all military aircraft were classed as "A" (monoplane) or "B" (biplane). The new "C" class of armed (two seat) biplane began to replace the "B" class aircraft as reconnaissance machines in 1915, the B's continuing to be built, but as trainers. The "E" class of armed monoplane were also introduced in 1915 – the other classes being added later as new aircraft types were introduced. For most of the war 'D' was only used for biplane fighters, 'E' for monoplane fighters and 'Dr' for triplane fighters. By the end of the war however, the 'D' designation was used for all single-seat fighters, including monoplanes (and, in theory at least, triplanes).


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: Most manufacturers also had their own numbering systems quite separate from the official military designations for their products. These sometimes cause confusion – for instance the military "J" series of armored aircraft designs was quite distinct from the Junkers aviation firm's own "J" factory type designations – the factory designation of the (military) Junkers J.I armored, all-metal sesquiplane, for example, was the Junkers J.4. The "M" (for "Militär" or military) and "V" (for "Versuchs" or experimental, according to some source initially meant a or "unbraced" airframe) designations of the Fokker firm were also internal. The latter has no direct connection with the official Third Reich-era German "V" designation, also signifying , for prototype aircraft, promulgated by the RLM from 1935.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: The maritime aviation service used manufacturers' designations rather than the systematic system described above. For example, the landplane Gotha bombers were numbered in an "LD" (for "land biplane") series by their manufacturer, but in the "G" series in the – while the Gotha seaplanes used by the navy were (and continue to be) known by their manufacturer's "WD" (for , or "seaplane biplane") designation. Similarly, the sizable number of German seaplane designs from Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen, were all known in naval service by their "FF" factory designations.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: Army and navy airships were individually numbered, in the same way as contemporary German destroyers and submarines, and were outside any system of "type" designation.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: Fighter pilots received the most attention in the annals of military aviation, since it produced high-scoring "aces" such as Manfred von Richthofen, known in German as (the Red Air Fighter) and in English as The Red Baron. With 80 confirmed kills he is considered the most successful fighter pilot of the war. The very first "confirmed" German aerial fighter victory of the war credited to a synchronized-gun-equipped aircraft went to "Leutnant" Kurt Wintgens on 15 July 1915, after downing two similar Morane-Saulnier L parasol monoplanes to the victim on July 15, one each on July 1 and 4th that remained unconfirmed - this fortnight of unprecedented German aerial victories initiated the period of the Fokker Scourge. Other notable German pilots from the Fokker Scourge onwards included Ernst Udet, Erich Löwenhardt, Werner Voss, Josef Jacobs, Lothar von Richthofen, Wilhelm Frankl, Hermann Göring, Max Immelmann and the master aerial tactician Oswald Boelcke (the latter pair were the first to be awarded the "Pour le Mérite", the highest decoration for gallantry for officers in the German Empire: simultaneously, on 12 January 1916, after shooting down eight Allied aeroplanes each). The award to Immelmann may have caused the decoration to acquire its popular nickname, the "Blue Max". With more and more pilots reaching this mark the required air victories were steadily increased to about 30 in 1918. In total 76 airmen were awarded the "Pour le Mérite". 69 airmen received the ""Goldenes Militär-Verdienst-Kreuz"" (Military Merit Cross), the highest Prussian bravery award for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. Among them were Gottfried Ehmann, the highest scoring air gunner of the war (12 victories). About 391 German pilots are credited with shooting down at least five Allied aircraft.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: German and Austro-Hungarian military aircraft at first used the "cross pattée" insignia, most often known in German as the , for the Prussian military medal. The , a black Greek cross on white, replaced the earlier marking from late March 1918 (especially in early April — Richthofen's last Dr.I, "425/17", was changed over just before he was killed), although the last order on the subject, standardising the new national marking, was dated 25 June 1918.


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: Between January and September 1918 German pilots shot down 3,732 Allied planes while losing 1,099 aircraft. By the end of the war, the German Army Air Service possessed a total of 2,709 frontline aircraft, 56 airships, 186 balloon detachments and about 4,500 flying personnel. After the war ended in German defeat (→ Armistice of 11 November 1918), the service was dissolved completely on 8 May 1920 under the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles (Article 198), which demanded that its aeroplanes be completely handed over to the Allies (Art. 202).


title: Luftstreitkräfte

text: German casualties totalled 4,579 aircrew and 299 ground personnel killed, 1,372 missing/prisoner and 5,123 wounded, along with 1,962 men killed in flying accidents in Germany. Material losses by enemy action were 3,126 aircraft, 546 balloons and 26 airships. Although adding up all of the confirmed kills by allied aces, gives a total of a little under 5,000 German aircraft destroyed, as well a 600 observation balloons to just 3,000 allied planes and 370 observation balloons


title: Maya Wiley

text: Maya D. Wiley (born January 2, 1964) is an American lawyer, professor, and civil rights activist. She has served as president and CEO of The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights since May 2022. Wiley served as counsel to New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio. She chaired the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) from 2016 to 2017. She was an MSNBC legal analyst from August 2018 to January 2021. Wiley ran in the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary, placing third.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley is the senior vice president for social justice at The New School and a professor at the Milano School of Policy, Management, and Environment. In March 2022, the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights announced Wiley's appointment as its president and CEO, and of its sister group, The Leadership Conference Education Fund, effective May 2.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley was born on January 2, 1964, in Syracuse, New York, and raised in Washington, D.C. Her father was civil rights leader and academic George Wiley. Her mother, Wretha Frances (Whittle) Wiley, was white, and inspired her to focus on progressive issues. On August 8, 1973, Wiley's 42-year-old father fell overboard while sailing with Wiley and her older brother on his 23‐foot boat on Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. On August 12, 1973, his body was found floating in the bay off the shore of Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, after a three-day search.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Dartmouth College in 1986 and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley served in the Civil Division of the U.S. Attorney Office for the Southern District of New York.


title: Maya Wiley

text: In 2013, Wiley was mentioned as a potential president of the NAACP, but the post went instead to Cornell William Brooks. Before being appointed counsel to Mayor Bill de Blasio in 2014, she worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the American Civil Liberties Union and the Open Society Institute.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley spent two and a half years as counsel to de Blasio, during which time she became known for coining the term "agents of the city" in an attempt to prevent public disclosure of de Blasio's communications with lobbyists. She also founded and served as president of the Center for Social Inclusion, a national policy strategy organization dedicated to dismantling structural racism.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley ran in the Democratic primary for mayor of New York City in 2021. In June 2021, Wiley was endorsed by U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and former presidential candidates Julian Castro and Elizabeth Warren. She was also endorsed by The Strokes, whose song "Starting Again" was included in a campaign advertisement. The band also played a fundraising concert at Irving Plaza on June 12, 2021. Wiley placed third in the Democratic primary, behind Eric Adams and Kathryn Garcia.


title: Maya Wiley

text: Wiley is married to Harlan Mandel, CEO of the Media Development Investment Fund. They live in Brooklyn with their two daughters.


title: King Diamond discography

text: The discography of King Diamond, a Danish heavy metal band, consists of twelve studio releases, three live albums, five compilations, six singles, and four music videos. King Diamond was formed in 1985, after the dissolution of the group Mercyful Fate, by vocalist King Diamond, guitarists Andy LaRocque and Michael Denner, bassist Timi Hansen, and drummer Mikkey Dee. The following year, the band released their debut album "Fatal Portrait", which charted at number 33 in Sweden. King Diamond's second studio album, "Abigail", was released on 24 February 1987 and reached number 123 in the US, number 39 in Sweden and number 68 in the Netherlands. Following some line-up changes, the group released the album ""Them"" in 1988, which peaked at number 38 in Sweden, number 65 in the Netherlands, and at number 89 in the US, making ""Them"" King Diamond's highest-charting album in North America. The following year, the band released the follow-up album "Conspiracy", which charted at number 111 in North America, number 41 in Sweden and at number 64 in the Netherlands. In 1990, after more line-up changes, King Diamond released the album "The Eye", which only charted at number 179 in the US, which makes "The Eye" King Diamond's lowest-charting album in North America.


title: King Diamond discography

text: After Mercyful Fate was reformed in 1993, King Diamond remained inactive until 1995, when the band released the album "The Spider's Lullabye" with the line-up of King Diamond, Andy LaRocque, guitarist Herb Simonsen, bassist Chris Estes and drummer Darrin Anthony. The album went on to reach number 31 in Finland. "The Spider's Lullabye" was followed by "The Graveyard" (number 23 in Finland) and "Voodoo" (number 27 in Finland, number 55 in the Netherlands) in 1996 and 1998 respectively. In 2000, King Diamond released the album "House of God", which peaked at number 60 in Sweden. After the release of 2002's "", which peaked at number 42 in Sweden and at number 24 in Finland, King Diamond's line-up has remained stable to this day, consisting of King Diamond, Andy LaRocque, bassist Hal Patino, guitarist Mike Wead and drummer Matt Thompson. In 2003, the band released "The Puppet Master", which reached number 36 in Sweden. In 2007, King Diamond released their 12th studio album "Give Me Your Soul...Please", which peaked at 174 in the US, number 28 in Sweden and at number 25 in Finland.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Boys Over Flowers () is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Ku Hye-sun, Lee Min-ho, Kim Hyun-joong, Kim Bum, Kim Joon, and Kim So-eun. Based on the Japanese shōjo manga series written by Yoko Kamio, the series tells a story of a working-class girl who gets tangled up in the lives of a group of wealthy young men in her elite high school. It aired for 25 episodes on KBS2 from January 5 to March 31, 2009. It is often regarded as a pioneer in Korean high school series, as well as to have helped the proliferation of the "Korean Wave". The series earned high viewership ratings in South Korea, and became a cultural phenomenon throughout Asia. Lee Min-ho's role as the leader of F4 completely contrasted his role in "Mackerel Run", which earned him overseas popularity.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Shinhwa Group is one of South Korea's largest conglomerates and is headed by the strict and arrogant Chairwoman Kang Hee-soo (Lee Hye-young). Her son Gu Jun-pyo (Lee Min-ho), heir to the Shinwha Group, leads the F4, the most popular and powerful group of boys at the prestigious Shinhwa High School, an ultra-elite school exclusive to the richest families in Korea. Yoon Ji-hu (Kim Hyun-Joong), So Yi-jung (Kim Bum), and Song Woo-bin (Kim Joon) —Jun-pyo's best friends and rich heirs in their own right—make up the remaining members of the group. When F4 bullies a boy to the verge of suicide, the poor but vivacious Geum Jan-di (Ku Hye-sun) saves his life. A photo of Jan-di's heroics appears in the newspapers, resulting in media backlash from consumers against the Shinwha Group. Chairwoman Kang arranges for the commoner Jan-di to receive a scholarship to attend the high school to appease the outraged consumers. Jan-di's family runs a dry cleaning business, and she lives in a small home with her parents, Geum Il-bong (Ahn Suk-hwan) and Na Gong-joo (Im Ye-jin), and her younger brother Geum Kang-san (Park Ji-bin).


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Immediately, Jan-di dislikes her wealthy classmates and is disgusted by their obsession with the F4 boys. Irked by her strong-headed nature, Jun-pyo singles out Jan-di to bully, but she refuses to cower and stands up to him, even kicking him in the face. She is the first person to stand up to him and dislike him, which begins to intrigue him. Bored and lonely, he starts to play silly tricks on her and eventually begins to fall for her. Jun-pyo continues to encourage the students, led by a mean group of girls, to bully and torture Jan-di. She gets attacked with eggs and flour by the bullies. F4 member, Ji-hu gives her his handkerchief to help clean her up, showing his compassionate side. He saves her from being attacked by a group of boys after school. As a result of his kind actions, Jan-di starts to develop feelings for Ji-hu but soon discovers that Ji-hu fosters a one-sided love for Min Seo-hyun, a successful celebrity, model and lawyer-in-training and his childhood friend. The bullying continues as Jun-pyo drags Jan-di to a school dance. The mean girls trick Jan-di into thinking the event is a costume party, so she wears a Wonder Woman outfit. They cause her to fall into the food table, covering her in wet food. Ji-hu and Seo-hyun rescue her from the humiliation, and Seo-hyun gives her a makeover. The belle of the ball, she dances with Ji-hu, making Jun-pyo jealous.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Seo-hyun befriends Jan-di and leaves for Paris to pursue her own career. Seeing how unhappy Ji-hu is, Jan-di convinces him to follow Seo-hyun. After Ji-hu leaves the country to pursue a relationship with Seo-hyun, Jan-di begins to grudgingly spend more time with Jun-pyo. He bullies her into a date, which she initially planned on skipping. Out of guilt for making Jun-pyo wait for her many hours in the snow, she agrees to spend time sightseeing and getting coffee with him, but they end up getting locked in the skylift overnight. Jun-pyo writes a message on the wall commemorating his "first night" with Jan-di, which she sees later and thinks is sweet. Later, Jun-pyo declares to the school that she is his girlfriend. By this time, he has grown on Jan-di. Although she thinks he can be overbearing, she realizes that he is actually sweet and acts out because of his lonely childhood.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Shortly afterward, Jan-di's only friend at school, Oh Min-ji, takes her to a club. She has been secretly obsessed with Jun-pyo and was upset that he declared feelings for Jan-di. At the club, Min-ji takes pictures of Jan-di lying unconscious in bed with a guy. When the photos are leaked to the media, Jun-pyo is outraged and believes that Jan-di has been cheating on him. His fans and crowd of adoring classmates once again bully and abuse Jan-di. The rest of the F4 help Jan-di identify the source of the drama. Min-ji reveals her involvement with the photos to Jun-pyo. It is revealed that she and Jun-pyo have been classmates since kindergarten and that Min-ji has long been trying to win his attention by undergoing cosmetic surgery. Jun-pyo shuns Min-ji for betraying her friend and rushes to save Jan-di, who is still being attacked by bullies. He apologizes for doubting her, and their bond grows stronger. Even after being so horrible to her, Jan-di stands up for Min-ji, and Jandi, does not forgive Min-Ji of her evil plan. Min-Ji leaves the school permanently.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Ji-hoo returns to Korea, causing Jan-di to feel confused about her feelings. While Jun-pyo relentlessly tries to shower her with affection, she is increasingly distracted by Ji-hoo. During a weekend trip on a private island, they spend time together. She has an accident swimming and Ji-hoo rescues her because Jun-pyo cannot swim because of an horrible incident that took place when he was a child. This upsets Jun-pyo. Later, when she has trouble sleeping, Jan-di takes a walk on the beach, where she sees a sad Ji-Hoo. She comforts him about his past love for Seo-hyun, but he surprises her by declaring his feelings for Jan-di. Jun-pyo stumbles upon Jan-Di and Ji-Hoo as they kiss. Jun-pyo expresses how hurt he is from the kiss. In a rage, punching Ji-hoo in anger and feel betrayed by both, Jan-Di and Ji-Hoo. . The next morning, Jun-Pyo leaves the island and becomes reclusive, causing Jan-di to feel guilty. She realizes that she has feelings for Jun-pyo. Her best friend Chu Ga-eul bonds with F4 member So Yi-jung, and she develops a crush on him. Jun-pyo wants to have Jan-di expelled from school, and his sister suggests a contest of three sports to determine who gets their way. If Jun-pyo wins, Jan-di is expelled. The first event is horseracing, which Jun-pyo wins but at the expense of his horse which he rides too hard and carelessly. The second event is car racing, which Ji-hoo wins despite childhood trauma of car accidents. The third event is swimming, the childhood trauma of Jun-pyo. Yi-jung offers to swim for Jun-pyo and Jan-di wants to race for herself. Jan-di wins in a close race. Eventually, while Ji-hoo loves Jan-di, he let's her go because he cares for his friend Jun-pyo and knows that Jan-di will help him become a better man.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: When Jun-pyo's mother, Chairwoman Kang, learns of Jun-pyo's relationship with Jan-di, she attempts to humiliate Jan-di and her family due to their social status. Jan-di perseveres and finds a friend in a male model, who helps her earn money by modeling for a magazine. The photos are suspiciously sexy, angering Jun-pyo as he feels hurt by Jan-di seeking help from someone else, especially a gorgeous man. Jan-di is kidnapped by the model, who reveals that he is the younger brother of the student whose suicide Jan-di had prevented, and he seeks revenge. The model tries to kiss Jan-di while she is unconscious. Jun-pyo arrives alone to rescue Jan-di, but the model has him beat up in front of a tied-up Jan-di. The model tries to force Jun-pyo to promise never to see Jan-di, a request he refuses. Jun-pyo is beaten to within an inch of his life. In a rage, the model attacks him with a chair, but Jan-di throws herself in the way so the chair hits her instead. The pair are rescued by the F4 members. The injury that Jan-di sustained from the incident prevents her from swimming in the future.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: After Jun-pyo's father falls ill, his mother forces him to begin training to lead the Shinhwa Group. He leaves the city, turns cold toward his friends and Jan-di, and begins to accompany his mother to formal events. After six months, Jan-di and F4 pursue him and try to convince him to break free; however he turns them away. Plotting to keep the distance between her son and Jan-di, Chairwoman Kang arranges Jun-pyo's engagement to the heiress Ha Jae-kyung. Jan-di approaches Jun-hee, Jun-pyo's loving older sister, for finding work, and she becomes Jun-pyo's personal maid. It is evident that both Jun-pyo and Jan-di still love each other. Even though Jae-kyung falls in love with Jun-pyo and tries to win him over, she soon realizes that her efforts are in vain, and during their wedding, she refuses to marry Jun-pyo. Jae-kyung states that she will feel guilty that she was standing in the way of a relationship that was meant to be.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Jan-di and Jun-pyo reunite only for Jan-di to leave the city due to her friends being threatened by his mother. Jun-pyo is heartbroken and gets into trouble with the police. Later that week, he gets into a car accident while trying to save Ji-hu's life. Jun-pyo tells Ji-hu to take care of Jan-di, knowing that Ji-hu loves Jan-di too. Jun-pyo survives the accident but loses his memories, including those of Jan-di. Encouraged by her mother to pursue her heart, Jan-di returns to Jun-pyo but is saddened that he cannot recall who she is. After asking him to try to remember her name, she falls into a pool as he watches, causing him to be flooded by memories of them saving each other from drowning. He calls out her name and rescues her and they unite once again. Although he asks her to marry him, they decide it is best to pursue their individual dreams first. Jun-pyo leaves for America, where he furthers the Shinhwa Group and becomes a successful businessman.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Four years later, Ji-hu graduates medical school and still has feelings for Jan-di. Jan-di is a third-year medical student, while Yi-jung is a successful architect and returns from Sweden for Ga-eul, who has become a teacher who teaches pottery to kids. Jun-pyo arrives in a helicopter and proposes to Jan-di at the beach side; the rest of the F4 arrive at the same time and they all walk alongside the beach, smiling happily.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: Elle Magazine ranked "Boys Over Flowers" #6 (out of 10) on the October 2020 "10 Best K-Dramas To Binge-Watch On Netflix" list.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: "Boys Over Flowers" attracted high viewership ratings and buzz throughout South Korea during its broadcast in 2009. The cast members became household names and shot to stardom overnight, and after the series ended, several of them became the faces of various endorsements and advertisements. The show is credited with launching the career of its lead actor, Lee Min-ho, who had previously appeared in a small number of low-budget high school dramas.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: During its broadcast, the series influenced South Korean men to take their appearances more seriously to copy the metrosexual or "pretty boy image" ("kkotminam", lit. "men as beautiful as flowers") of the F4 characters in the drama. This led to an increase in South Korean males wearing cosmetics, preppy and cruise outfits, and clothing in traditionally more feminine styles like the color pink and floral prints.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: The drama's local filming locations became tourist attractions, such as the Damyang Dynasty Country Club in South Jeolla Province; Ragung Hanok Hotel in Silla Millennium Park in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province; Hilton Namhae Gold & Spa Resort in South Gyeongsang Province; Grand Hyatt Seoul ice rink; Lotte Hotel World's Emerald Room; Farmer's Table in Heyri; and Yangpyeong English Village. The overseas locations featured such as New Caledonia and Macau also became sought-after holiday destinations.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: The series' international popularity extended to Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, India, Nepal, Malaysia, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, and Zambia among others. The cast members held various sold-out events across Asia, such as concerts and fan meetings.


title: Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)

text: The Seoul chapter of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) criticized the series for being the epitome of materialism and the Cinderella complex, saying it sets a bad example for Korean dramas by depicting school violence, and teenagers indulging in pleasure and prejudice toward others based on their appearance and social class. The YWCA report also singled out the leading female character (Geum Jan-di) for being passive and dependent.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: The Karen National Liberation Army (, ; abbreviated KNLA) is the military branch of the Karen National Union (KNU), which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Myanmar (formerly Burma). The KNLA has been fighting the Burmese government since 1949.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: The KNLA was reported to have had a strength of approximately 20,000 in 1980, 3,000 in 2001, 5,000 in 2006, 6,000 in 2012, and 7,000 in 2014. As of early 2021, the KNLA is estimated to have at least 15,000 troops. The army is divided into seven brigades and a 'Special Force' reserved for special operations.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: At the time of Burmese independence from the British in 1948, there was considerable tension between the Karen community and the Burmese majority. Some Karens sought independence while others attempted co-existence within Burma. The KNLA was previously called the Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO). The KNDO was an armed organisation which was formed by the KNU in 1947 to defend Karen communities and interests. Most KNDO soldiers had previously served in the forces of British Burma.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In early 1949, the Burmese government arrested the Karen leader of the armed forces and replaced him with radical Burmese anti-Karen nationalist Ne Win. Continued attacks against Karen dominated townships around Rangoon and the arrest of Karen political leaders led the Karen national Union to declare armed struggle, and the world's longest running civil war began.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: Early in the fighting, Karen forces overran much of northern Burma including towns such as Mandalay and established strong positions outside Rangoon at Insein Township. But lacking a port from which to receive military supplies, the Karen forces gradually withdrew to the southeast of Burma.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In 1976, the Karen National Union changed its policy on wanting an independent state, and joined a new alliance, the National Democratic Front. This alliance of armed ethnic political parties supported a federal union of Burma.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In 1994 a group of Buddhist soldiers in the KNLA, claiming that the KNLA was unfairly dominated by Christians, broke away from the KNLA to form a new force, the DKBA, which soon organised a cease-fire with the Burmese military government.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In 1995 KNLA lost Kawmoora and Myawaddy to the DKBA. This considerably reduced the KNLA's border trade taxation.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: A group calling itself the KNU/KNLA Peace Council, led by the former KNLA brigade 7 commander Brig-Gen Htay Maung (Htein Maung), broke away from the KNLA in February 2007, and organised a peace talk as well as a cease-fire agreement with the Burmese military government without the approval of the KNU central committee.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: On 14 February 2008, Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan, the KNU secretary-general, was assassinated in Thailand.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: On 13 May 2009, a senior Myanmar Army officer, Brig.-Gen. Kaung Myat, was killed by the KNLA. He had been the commander of the No. 5 Military Operations Command. The next month, on 19 June, DKBA soldiers began attacking the KNLA Brigade 7 headquarters, which they then captured on 23 June.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: During 2010, increasing numbers of Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) soldiers defected to the KNLA, or fled to Thailand, following the announcement that the DKBA would be absorbed into the Burmese military government's Border Guard. The DKBA had previously been allied to, but distinct from, government forces.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In November 2010, following the general election of 2010, large parts of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army are alleged to have mutinied and re-aligned themselves with the KNLA, resulting in the escalating conflict with junta troops. The two rebel armies have formed an alliance, in advance of a possible crackdown by the military government.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: The KNLA, along with its parent organisation the KNU, signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with the government of Myanmar on 15 October 2015, along with several other insurgent groups.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: In September 2016, KNLA fighters began clashing with members of the Mon National Liberation Army (MNLA), the armed wing of the New Mon State Party (NMSP), in the Tanintharyi Region. Both the KNU and NMSP were signatories of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) at the time of the fighting. A temporary bilateral truce was reached between the two groups on 14 March 2018.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: Tensions between the KNU and the Tatmadaw increased as unrest swept the country following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. On 27 March 2021, KNLA Brigade 5 overran a Myanmar Army base near the Thai border, killing 10 soldiers including a deputy battalion commander. The Myanmar army launched multiple airstrikes on Karen villages in retaliation.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: On 27 April 2021, the KNLA captured a Myanmar Army base along the Salween river, bordering Thailand's Mae Sam Laep sub-district. A civilian in on the Thai side of the border was wounded by a stray bullet during the battle.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: On 9 September 2021, KNLA Brigades 3 and 5 captured a Myanmar Army camp in Kyaukkyi Township in Bago Region.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: Dave Everett, a former Australian SAS soldier, fought for the KNLA and was later arrested in Australia for trying to steal money to fund the KNLA. Des Ball, Professor at ANU, has advised them on military strategy.


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: Thomas Bleming, an American, claims to have fought for the Karen and has written a book called "War in Karen Country".


title: Karen National Liberation Army

text: Three of the KNLA's French volunteers were killed in action fighting for the KNLA: Jean-Phillipe Courreges (killed 1985), Olivier Thiriat (killed 1989), and Guillaume Oillic (killed 1990).


title: Sumitomo Group

text: The is one of the largest Japanese "keiretsu", or business groups, founded by Masatomo Sumitomo (1585-1652) around 1615 during the early Edo period.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: The Sumitomo Group traces its roots to a bookshop in Kyoto founded circa 1615 by Masatomo Sumitomo, a former Buddhist monk. Even today management of the group is guided by his "Founder's Precepts", written in the 17th century.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: Copper refining made the company famous. Riemon Soga, Masatomo Sumitomo's brother-in-law, learned Western methods of copper refining. In 1590 he established a smelting business, "Izumiya", literally meaning "spring shop". Riemon perfected techniques that allowed the extraction of silver from copper ore, something Japanese technology had not previously accomplished.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: The smelting and smithing business was moved from Kyoto to Osaka by the late 17th century. Soga passed control of the company to his son Tomomochi who managed its transformation into a major trading house during the Edo period. Sumitomo began to export copper, import silk, and provide financial services. By 1691, copper mining had been added to the portfolio.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: The Meiji Restoration allowed Sumitomo to import and utilize Western machines and techniques in its mines. Sumitomo soon branched out into even more business areas entering the machine and coal industries, as well as the forestry, banking and warehousing businesses becoming a "zaibatsu", or business conglomerate.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: After World War II, the Japanese "zaibatsu" conglomerates, including Sumitomo, were dissolved by the GHQ and the Japanese government. The group reformed as a "keiretsu", a group of independent companies organized around The Sumitomo Bank (now Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) and bound together by cross shareholding.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: Many companies continue to use the word "Sumitomo" in their corporate names. Most of them are managed independently and listed at Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) and other stock exchanges with highly dispersed shareholders. For some, the name only shows their historic origin, and they are no longer considered part of the Sumitomo Group.


title: Sumitomo Group

text: The diamond-shaped "igeta" mark is reminiscent of a type of frame placed over a well in premodern Japan and was the logo of Riemon Soga's "Izumiya" company.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Roswell is a city in northern Fulton County, Georgia, United States. At the official 2010 census, the city had a population of 88,346. The 2020 estimated population was 94,884, making Roswell the state's ninth largest city. A close suburb of Atlanta, Roswell has an affluent historic district.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: In 1830, while on a trip to northern Georgia, Roswell King passed through the area of what is now Roswell and observed the great potential for building a cotton mill along Vickery Creek. Since the land nearby was also good for plantations, he planned to put cotton processing near cotton production.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Toward the middle of the 1830s, King returned to build a mill that would soon become the largest in north Georgia – Roswell Mill. He brought with him 36 African slaves from his own coastal plantation, plus another 42 skilled carpenter slaves bought in Savannah to build the mills. The slaves built the mills, infrastructure, houses, mill worker apartments, and supporting buildings for the new town. The Africans brought their unique Geechee culture, language, and religious traditions from the coast to north Georgia.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: King invited investors from the coast to join him at the new location. He was also joined by Barrington King, one of his sons, who succeeded his father in the manufacturing company. Archibald Smith was one of the planters who migrated there to establish a new plantation, also bringing enslaved African Americans from the coastal areas.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Shortly after 1832 a survey of the area was conducted by Nathan Crawford Barnett as part of the Cherokee Purchase in preparation for the sixth state administrated land lottery culminating in the Cherokee removal.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Barrington Hall (the home of Barrington King), Smith Plantation (the home of Archibald Smith) and Bulloch Hall (the childhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt's mother, Mittie Bulloch) have been preserved and restored. They are now open to the public. According to the 1850 Slave Schedules, these three "founding families", together with the next three largest planters, held 192 slaves, 51% of the total 378 slaves held in Roswell District. Archibald Smith had a cotton plantation. According to the 1850 Census, Barrington King held 70 slaves. Half of these slaves were under the age of 10. These slaves worked in Barrington's household. Barrington King "leased" or "rented" some of his adult male slaves to the Roswell Manufacturing Company, but they did not work around the mill machinery.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: The Roswell area was part of Cobb County when first settled, and the county seat of Marietta was a four-hour (one-way) horseback ride to the west. Since Roswell residents desired a local government, they submitted a city charter for incorporation to the Georgia General Assembly. The charter was approved on February 16, 1854.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: By the time of the Civil War, the cotton mills employed more than 400 people, mostly women. Given settlement patterns in the Piedmont region, they were likely of Scots-Irish descent. As the mill increased in production, so did the number of people living in the area.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: During the Civil War, the city was captured by Union forces under the leadership of General Kenner Garrard. Under orders of General Sherman, Garrard shipped the mill workers north to prevent them from returning to work if the mills were rebuilt. This was a common tactic of Sherman to economically disrupt the Confederate rebellion. The mill was burned, but the houses were left standing. The ruins of the mill and the dam that was built for power still remain. Most of the town's property was confiscated by Union forces. The leading families had left the town to go to safer places well before the Civil War, and arranged for the enslaved people to be taken away from advancing Union troops, as was often the practice. Some slaves may have escaped to freedom beyond Union lines.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: After the war, Barrington King rebuilt the mills and resumed production. While many freedmen stayed in the area to work as paid labor on plantations or in town, others migrated to Fulton County and Atlanta for new opportunities. The South suffered an agricultural depression resulting from the effects of the war and the end of slavery in the United States.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: According to the census, the population of Cobb County decreased slightly from 14,242 in 1860, to 13,814 in 1870. The proportion of African-Americans decreased more, from 27% to 23%. During those years, nearby Fulton County more than doubled in population, from 14,427 to 33,336. The effects of dramatic African-American migration can be seen by the increase in Fulton County from 20.5% slave in 1860 to 45.7% colored (Black) in 1870.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: At the end of 1931, the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression. The difficult economic conditions drove Milton County, Roswell's neighboring county to the north (note: much of what is now Roswell was part of Milton County already), to merge in its entirety with Fulton County, Roswell's neighboring county to the south. To facilitate the merger, Roswell was ceded from Cobb County to become part of Fulton County. This became effective the 9th day of May in 1932. Roswell filed all legal records, including vital statistics, real estate, and the results of torts with the county clerk of Cobb before this date; with the county clerk of Fulton, after this date.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Roswell is located in northern Fulton County. It is bordered to the north by Milton, to the northeast by Alpharetta, to the east by Johns Creek, to the southeast by Peachtree Corners in Gwinnett County, to the south by Sandy Springs, to the west by unincorporated land in Cobb County, and to the northwest by the city of Mountain Park and by unincorporated land in Cherokee County. The southern boundary of the city follows the Chattahoochee River.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, Roswell has a total area of , of which is land and , or 3.06%, is water.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Roswell features a Humid subtropical climate, which is characterized by abundant precipitation that is spread evenly throughout the year.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 92,833 people, 35,944 households, and 25,529 families residing in the city.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: In the last official U.S. Census of 2010, Roswell had a population of 88,346. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 74.7% White, 11.7% Black or African American, 4.0% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.6% from some other race and 2.5% from two or more races. 16.6% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race; a majority of them were of Mexican origin (11.5% of the total population).


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: In the preceding census of 2000, there were 79,334 people, 30,207 households, and 20,933 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 31,300 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 81.51% White, 8.54% African American, 0.20% Native American, 3.74% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.08% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.61% of the population.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: There were 30,207 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $73,469, and the median income for a family was $103,698. The average income for households was $106,219 and the average income for families was $123,481. Males had a median income of $72,754 versus $45,979 for females. The per capita income for the city was $40,106. About 3.2% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 0.7% of those age 65 or over.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: The Consulate-General of Honduras in Atlanta is located at Suite 3 in 600 Houze Way in Roswell. The city's largest employers are The Kimberly Clark Corporation, Wellstar North Fulton Hospital, Harry's Farmers Market, and The City Of Roswell. A section of Route 400 between Roswell and Atlanta is known as the high tech corridor, where many technology firms like Kimberly Clark have factories or offices. As of the 2006 census, one third of Roswell's 5.000 registered business were home based. The largest industries were retail, technology, food services, wholesale trade and health care.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: Businesses with their headquarters in Roswell include Snorg Tees, Tripwire Interactive, and Pharsalia Technologies. Roswell's economy is large enough to recruit franchises from many popular Georgia businesses like Moe's Southwest Grill, Chick-fil-A and Heel Sew Quik operate multiple locations in Roswell.


title: Roswell, Georgia

text: A branch of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, a component of the National Park System, is located in Roswell at Vickery Creek.


title: Thackeray family

text: The Thackeray family () is one of the most well-known and powerful political families in the Indian state of Maharashtra.


title: Stefania LaVie Owen

text: Stefania LaVie Owen is a New Zealand-American actress. She is known for her roles as Puddle Kadubic in the television series "Running Wilde" and as Dorrit Bradshaw in the teen drama television series "The Carrie Diaries". She starred as Melanie in the film "Paper Spiders", as Bear in the Netflix show "Sweet Tooth", and as Nicole Chance in the Hulu original psychological thriller "Chance".


title: Stefania LaVie Owen

text: Owen was born in Miami, Florida, to an American mother and a New Zealand father. Her mother is of Cuban descent. Owen moved to New Zealand at age four, settling in Pauatahanui, a village north of the Capital City Wellington.


title: Stefania LaVie Owen

text: Owen lives between New York City and Wellington. She attended Pauatahanui school, where she won the cup for performing arts, and which helped begin her career in acting. She also attended Chilton Saint James School, an all-girls private school, in Lower Hutt, Wellington. Her sisters Lolo and Carly accompanied her there as well, and she was involved in many school productions and dancing classes.


title: Stefania LaVie Owen

text: Owen made her acting debut in the 2009 Peter Jackson film "The Lovely Bones", playing Flora Hernandez. From 2010 to 2011, she played the character Puddle Kadubic in the Fox comedy series "Running Wilde". Owen co-starred as Dorrit, Carrie Bradshaw's younger rebellious sister, in The CW's "The Carrie Diaries", which premiered on January 14, 2013.


title: Stefania LaVie Owen

text: She had a role in the 2015 comedy horror film, "Krampus", directed by Michael Dougherty. She also portrayed Deedee in the drama film "Coming Through the Rye". She starred opposite Lili Taylor in the drama "Paper Spiders".


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: ThunderCats Roar is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation for Cartoon Network that premiered on February 22, 2020. It is the third television series in the "ThunderCats" franchise after the original series and the 2011 television series. It is Jules Bass's first (and only) solo work without his partner Arthur Rankin Jr., who died on January 30, 2014. The show's premise is similar to the original series; in which the ThunderCats escape their dying homeworld Thundera, crash-land on Third Earth, and face off against various villains led by the evil overlord Mumm-Ra. Like "Teen Titans Go!", "ThunderCats Roar" sports a more light-hearted, comedic tone than previous incarnations. The series was critically panned for its animation, humor and characterizations, and it ended on December 5, 2020, being cancelled after just one season. Following Jules Bass' death on October 25, 2022, it was his last television production.


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: Lion-O, Tygra, Panthro, Cheetara, WilyKit and WilyKat barely escape the sudden destruction of their homeworld, Thundera, only to crash-land on the mysterious and exotic planet of Third Earth. Lion-O, the newly appointed Lord of the ThunderCats, attempts to lead the team as they make this planet their new home. A bizarre host of creatures and villains stand in their way, including the evil Mumm-Ra, Third Earth's wicked ruler who will let nothing, including the ThunderCats, stop his tyrannical reign over the planet.


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: A third "ThunderCats" animated series, "ThunderCats Roar", was in development and was picked up by Cartoon Network. It was originally scheduled to premiere in 2019, but was delayed to 2020. The show was developed by Victor Courtright and Marly Halpern-Graser. Courtright previously worked on the Disney XD series "Pickle and Peanut" as a writer/storyboard artist and created the Cartoon Network digital series "Get 'Em Tommy!". Halpern-Graser previously worked as a writer for various "DC Nation Shorts" and was co-creator of the Disney XD series "Right Now Kapow".


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: "ThunderCats Roar" was cancelled after just one season, less than a year after it premiered. On November 20, 2020, it was confirmed by the show's writer and producer Marly Halpern-Graser in a tweet that the episode "Mandora Saves Christmas" would be the last episode of the series.


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: The first two episodes were released on the Cartoon Network app on January 10, 2020. "ThunderCats Roar" premiered on Cartoon Network UK on April 6, 2020. "ThunderCats Roar" later premiered on Cartoon Network Africa on May 25, 2020.


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: "ThunderCats Roar"'s announcement was met with backlash from fans of the original series and its 2011 reboot. On Cartoon Network's YouTube channel, promotional videos for the series have received a large number of dislikes. The series was panned by critics and audience for its art style, characterizations and comedic tone, drawing unfavorable comparisons to "Teen Titans Go!".


title: ThunderCats Roar

text: In a positive review, Reuben Baron of Comic Book Resources says ""ThunderCats Roar" knows what it wants to be, and a few pacing quibbles aside, it does it well."


title: GNU GRUB

text: GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular operating system's partitions.


title: GNU GRUB

text: GNU GRUB was developed from a package called the "Grand Unified Bootloader" (a play on Grand Unified Theory). It is predominantly used for Unix-like systems. The GNU operating system uses GNU GRUB as its boot loader, as do most Linux distributions and the Solaris operating system on x86 systems, starting with the Solaris 10 1/06 release.


title: GNU GRUB

text: When a computer is turned on, its BIOS finds the primary bootable device (usually the computer's hard disk) and runs the initial bootstrap program from the master boot record (MBR). The MBR is the first sector of the hard disk. This bootstrap program must be small because it has to fit in a single sector. For a long time, the size of a sector has been 512 bytes. Since 2009 there are hard disks available with a sector size of 4096 bytes, called Advanced Format disks, but , such hard disks are still accessed in 512-byte sectors, using the 512e emulation.