title: Bless the Harts

text: On April 22, 2020, the show joined the rest of Fox's Animation Domination lineup in a partnership with Caffeine for the "AniDom Beyond Show", a recap series hosted by Andy Richter. The hour-long program featured interviews with guests and live interactivity with fans online, with recaps for the episodes that aired through April and May. While there was no "Bless the Harts" episode, on May 18, 2020, showrunner Andy Bobrow joined the series with other writers from the Fox Animation Domination lineup. The second season premiered on September 27, 2020.


title: Bless the Harts

text: The second season was produced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted many other television productions, but left animated production largely unaffected. The series had a panel at the 2020 San Diego Comic-Con, which was marketed as "Comic-Con@Home", to promote the season, with Kristen Wiig, Maya Rudolph, Jillian Bell, Ike Barinholtz, Fortune Feimster, Andy Bobrow, Phil Lord, and Christopher Miller. On April 1, 2021, it was announced that the second season will be the show's last.


title: Bless the Harts

text: Alongside the initial series announcement, Kristen Wiig, Maya Rudolph, Jillian Bell, and Ike Barinholtz were cast in series regular roles. On January 11, 2019, Mary Steenburgen and Drew Tarver were cast in recurring roles. On July 25, 2020, during the San Diego Comic-Con@Home, the series' panel announced that Ken Jeong, Kristen Schaal, and Natasha Lyonne joined the cast in guest starring roles for the second season.


title: Bless the Harts

text: Because of Citytv's deal with Fox, the series was also syndicated to Canada, airing new episodes the same day and time as the United States.


title: Bless the Harts

text: The show is also available to stream on Hulu, and able to purchase on YouTube and iTunes. In India, the series is simulcasted on Disney+ Hotstar because of 20th Television output deal with Star India.


title: Bless the Harts

text: On April 28, 2020, the Finland Fox channel had announced that they had picked up the series for syndication from 20th Television. The show debuted in Finland on May 9, 2020, in Finland and is available to stream on Ruutu free with commercials. Season 2 premiered on November 7, 2020.


title: Bless the Harts

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 82% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With an exceptional cast and a big heart to boot, "Bless the Harts" particular worldview won't be for everyone, but it fits quite nicely into Fox's Animation Domination line-up". On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 70 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Bless the Harts

text: Bubbleblabber gave the first season a 6 out of 10, stating "this first season most definitely has more misses than hits in its line up which three more episodes likely wouldn’t have helped at this point. With this extra time to work on these and future episodes while taking in reception from this season, I think the next will really benefit in the long term. Plus, it gets the rare honor of being a new Fox animated show that actually GOT a second season, which has not happened since "Bob's Burgers" got its first renewal at the start of the decade. Fox is thinking outside the box to keep its adult animation thriving, which hopefully means more chances for exploration in future seasons. I’ll tell you what, these Harts are quite blessed to be given the chance to be Fox’s next enduring animated series."


title: Bless the Harts

text: The Parents Television Council, a frequent critic of Fox Broadcasting Company animated comedies like "Family Guy", gave the first episode a negative review.


title: Sorority Row

text: Sorority Row is a 2009 American slasher film directed by Stewart Hendler and starring Briana Evigan, Leah Pipes, Rumer Willis, and Carrie Fisher. It is a re-imagining of the 1982 slasher "The House on Sorority Row" by Mark Rosman. The film focuses on a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered on the night of their graduation, 8 months after covering up the accidental death of a fellow sister.


title: Sorority Row

text: "Sorority Row" was released theatrically in the United States on September 11, 2009, and grossed $27.2 million worldwide on a budget of $12.5 million. It received negative reviews from critics.


title: Sorority Row

text: Megan (Audrina Patridge) enlists the help of her sorority sisters Cassidy (Briana Evigan), Jessica (Leah Pipes), Ellie (Rumer Willis), Claire (Jamie Chung), and Chugs (Margo Harshman) to pull a prank on her boyfriend and Chugs’ brother, Garrett (Matt O'Leary). While having sex with him, Megan fakes her death. Garrett and the girls bring her to a lake, where they intend to dump her body. When Jessica mentions they need to release the air out of her lungs so that her body will not float to the surface, Garrett stabs Megan in the chest with a tire iron, resulting in her actual death. Garrett and the girls cover up the incident and dump Megan's body and the tire iron in a nearby mine shaft. Everyone swears to never mention the incident to anyone, much to Cassidy and Ellie's dismay.


title: Sorority Row

text: Eight months later, the girls are graduating from college and Cassidy has grown apart from the rest of the group. After the ceremony, the girls all receive a text message on their cell phones with a picture of the bloody tire iron. Suspicion immediately falls on Garrett, but Chugs defends him. Maggie (Caroline D'Amore), Megan's younger sister, arrives wanting to honor her sister's memory. Later, Chugs arrives for her appointment with her therapist. However, a cloaked figure wielding a tire iron murders both of them.


title: Sorority Row

text: In the sorority's shower room, Claire and Jessica talk about the night Megan was murdered. After they leave, a sorority girl named Joanna, who overheard their conversation, is murdered. At the graduation party that night, Claire's ex-boyfriend Mickey is attacked and murdered by the killer, which Ellie witnesses. Cassidy, Claire, Jessica, and Ellie regroup and all receive a text containing the video of Megan's death and a message telling them to be at the mine shaft in twenty minutes or the video will be sent to the police. The girls drive to the mine shaft and encounter Garrett, who has cut his wrists and begins threatening them. Thinking Garrett is the one stalking them, Jessica runs him over with her vehicle. They discover afterward that Garrett has been receiving the same text messages they have. Ellie suspects that Megan is the killer, believing that she did not actually die and is seeking revenge. The girls lower Cassidy down the shaft to prove that Megan is dead. Megan's body is missing and Cassidy finds a message written in blood which reads, "Theta Pi must die".


title: Sorority Row

text: Back at the now empty sorority house, the girls receive a text from Chugs' cell phone telling them that she is dead and Claire is murdered with a flare gun. While searching the house for Jessica's boyfriend, Kyle (Matt Lanter), the girls run into Maggie and their house mother, Mrs. Crenshaw (Carrie Fisher). Maggie claims that Kyle had been with her prior to Jessica's return. Jessica confesses Megan's murder, infuriating Maggie and Mrs. Crenshaw. Mrs. Crenshaw tells the girls to lock themselves in Jessica's bedroom and to call the police while she searches for the killer. Maggie leaves the room to find Megan and convince her to stop killing. After many failed attempts to shoot the killer, Mrs. Crenshaw is killed by the hooded figure. With no cell phones around, Cassidy and Jessica decide to find Mickey's body and use his. Downstairs, the killer confronts Maggie and throws a Molotov cocktail at her, setting the house on fire. Cassidy and Jessica run into Kyle, who injures Jessica.


title: Sorority Row

text: After knocking him unconscious, Cassidy and Jessica flee to an under-renovation bathroom where they find Megan's decomposing corpse hanging in the shower. Kyle, wearing the same cloak as the killer, finds them and knocks Jessica unconscious. He is killed with an axe by Andy (Julian Morris), Cassidy's boyfriend. Jessica regains consciousness and Cassidy realizes that Andy is the killer. Andy stabs Jessica in the mouth with a tire iron, killing her. Andy explains that he had hoped for a bright future with Cassidy, but because she was involved with Megan's death, he feared that she would be found out, so he decided to kill everyone who knew about it. Andy reveals that Ellie was the one who confided in him about Megan's murder and will likely report it to the police, and tells Cassidy they need to kill Ellie. Cassidy plays along and tells Andy that Ellie is in the basement. Cassidy fetches Ellie from upstairs but they are discovered and attacked by Andy. Cassidy stuns Andy but hears Maggie screaming for help, who is trapped behind the flames. As Andy attempts to kill Maggie, the floor then crumbles underneath Cassidy and she is left hanging over the burning basement.


title: Sorority Row

text: Andy is about to finish her off when Ellie appears and shoots him with Mrs. Crenshaw's shotgun. He falls backward onto the burning floor, which collapses underneath him and he falls to his death into the flames. Maggie and Ellie save Cassidy and the three girls escape from the burning sorority house just as the campus police, fire department and other emergency personnel arrive.


title: Sorority Row

text: Fifteen months later, the sorority house is being renovated from the fire and Maggie is now a Theta Pi sister. A man comes into view and the camera reveals scars on his wrists, implying that Garrett is still alive.


title: Sorority Row

text: "Sorority Row" entered pre-production in January 2008. Principal photography began on October 16 in the Pittsburgh area. Although set in Anytown, USA, producers of the film wanted to take advantage of Pennsylvania state tax credits (much like the 2009 remake of "My Bloody Valentine") and the strength of local film crews. The film was mostly shot at night in Munhall, one block from the Carnegie Library of Homestead, where about 10 houses were dressed to resemble a sorority row. The graduation scene for the film's school Rosman University, a fictional east coast school (named after the writer/director of "The House on Sorority Row") was shot outside of Soldiers & Sailors Memorial Hall in Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood. Interiors of the Theta Pi sorority were filmed on sets built in a warehouse near Crafton, Pennsylvania. Filming ended on March 26, 2009, and the film was officially completed on May 2.


title: Sorority Row

text: The film's soundtrack was released by E1 Music on August 31, 2009, and featured music by musical artists such as Shwayze, Ladytron, Lykke Li, Aimee Allen, and Camera Obscura, among others. The album received 2.5 out of 5 stars from Allmusic, stating: "Of the 15 tracks, only a few are even remotely memorable (Ladytron's "Ghosts", Camera Obscura's "Tears for Affairs", and Dragonette's "booty" anthem "I Get Around" come to mind), but there's hardly a dull moment".


title: Sorority Row

text: A teaser trailer premiered at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International along with the main cast discussing the film's premise and how it felt working with the crew. "Sorority Row" was released on September 9 in the UK and September 11 in the USA.


title: Sorority Row

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 81 reviews, with an average rating of 4.10/10. The site's consensus reads: "Though it's slick and stylish, "Sorority Row" offers nothing new to the slasher genre and misses the mark both in its attempts at humor and thrills". On Metacritic, it has a score of 24 out of 100 based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: Sorority Row

text: Frank Scheck of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote: "There's little to distinguish this from the rest of the entries coming down the horror film assembly line, though the presence of Carrie Fisher as a shotgun-toting housemother who taunts the killer by shouting "Come to mama!" offers some camp value." Russell Edwards of "Variety" called it "an average slasher picture that meanders indecisively between gore and gags".


title: Sorority Row

text: Kim Newman of "Empire" wrote: "Even the gratuitous nudity can't quite save a Heathers-goes-to-college horror that's undermined by a silly plot and clunky dialogue".


title: Sorority Row

text: The film grossed $5,059,802 during its opening weekend, placing sixth in the process. It then fell 49% during its second weekend of release, while finishing with $8,965,282 in total. Internationally, its performance was mixed compared to its domestic run. It managed fourth place in its debut in the UK, while it missed the top ten in both Australia and Mexico.


title: Sorority Row

text: Audrina Patridge and Rumer Willis were each nominated for 2009 Teen Choice Awards in the category "Choice Movie: Actress Horror / Thriller".


title: Charles Bickford

text: Charles Ambrose Bickford (January 1, 1891 – November 9, 1967) was an American actor known for supporting roles. He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for "The Song of Bernadette" (1943), "The Farmer's Daughter" (1947), and "Johnny Belinda" (1948). His other roles include "Whirlpool" (1950), "A Star Is Born" (1954), and "The Big Country" (1958).


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, during the first minute of 1891. His parents were Loretus and Mary Ellen Bickford. The fifth of seven children, he was an intelligent but very independent and unruly child. He had a particularly strong relationship with his maternal grandfather, a sea captain, who was a powerful influence during his formative years. At the age of nine, he was tried and acquitted of the attempted murder of a trolley motorman, who had callously driven over and killed his beloved dog. He attended Foster School and Everett High School.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Always more interested in experiencing life than reading about it, Bickford was considered "the wild rogue" of this family, causing his parents frequent consternation. In his late teens, he drifted aimlessly around the United States for a time. Before breaking into acting, he worked as a lumberjack and investment promoter, and for a short time, ran a pest-extermination business. He was a stoker and fireman in the United States Navy when a friend dared him to get a job in burlesque. Bickford served as an engineer lieutenant in the United States Army during World War I. His first entry into acting was on the stage, eventually including Broadway. This venue provided him with an occasional living and served as the principal training ground for developing his acting and vocal talents.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford had intended to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to earn an engineering degree, but while wandering around the country, he became friends with the manager of a burlesque show, who convinced Bickford to take a role in the show. He debuted in Oakland, California in 1911. Bickford enjoyed himself so much that he abandoned his plans to attend MIT. He made his legitimate stage debut with the John Craig Stock Company at the Castle Square Theatre in Boston in 1912. He eventually joined a road company and traveled throughout the United States for more than a decade, appearing in various productions. In 1925, while working in a Broadway play called "Outside Looking In", co-star James Cagney (in his first Broadway role) and he received rave reviews. He was offered a role in Herbert Brenon's 1926 film of "Beau Geste", but anxious not to give up his newfound Broadway stardom, refused it, a decision he later came to regret. Following his appearance in the critically praised but unsuccessful Maxwell Anderson-Harold Hickerson drama about the Sacco and Vanzetti case "Gods of the Lightning" (Bickford was the Sacco character), he was contacted by filmmaker Cecil B. DeMille and offered a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studios to star in DeMille's first talking picture: "Dynamite". He soon began working with MGM studio chief Louis B. Mayer on a number of projects.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford became a star after playing Greta Garbo's lover in "Anna Christie" (1930), but never developed into a leading man. Always independent minded, exceptionally strong-willed, and quick with his fists, Bickford frequently argued and nearly came to blows with Mayer and any number of other MGM authority figures during the course of this contract with the studio. During the production of "Dynamite", he punched out his director following a string of heated arguments, primarily related to the interpretation of his character's role. Throughout his early career on both the stage and later films, Bickford rejected numerous scripts and made no secret of his disdain for much of the material he was offered. Not surprisingly, his association with MGM was short-lived, with Bickford asking for and quickly receiving a release from his contract. He soon found himself blacklisted at other studios, though, forcing him to take the highly unusual step (for that era) of becoming an independent actor for several years. His career took another turn in 1935, when he was mauled by a lion and nearly killed while filming "East of Java." While he recovered, he lost his contract with Twentieth Century-Fox and his leading-man status owing to extensive neck scarring suffered in the attack, coupled with his advancing age. Soon, he made a very successful transition to character roles, which he felt offered much greater diversity and allowed him to showcase his talent to better effect. Much preferring the character roles that became his forte, Bickford appeared in many notable films, including "The Farmer's Daughter", "Johnny Belinda", "A Star Is Born", and "Not as a Stranger".


title: Charles Bickford

text: Finding great success playing an array of character roles in films and later in television, Bickford quickly became highly sought-after; his burly frame and craggy, intense features, coupled with a gruff, powerful voice lent themselves to a wide variety of roles. Most often, he played lovable father figures, stern businessmen, heavies, ship captains, or authority figures of some sort. During the 1940s, he was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He served as host of the 1950s television series "The Man Behind the Badge".


title: Charles Bickford

text: On April 16, 1958, Bickford appeared with Roger Smith in "The Daniel Barrister Story" on "Wagon Train". In this first-season episode, Daniel Barrister, played by Bickford, objects to medical treatment for his wife, Jenny, the victim of a wagon accident. Meanwhile, Dr. Peter H. Culver, played by Smith, has successfully fought a smallpox epidemic in a nearby town. He is taken to the wagon train by scout Flint McCullough, portrayed by series regular Robert Horton, to treat Mrs. Barrister. Viewers never knew if Barrister yielded to allow Dr. Culver to treat Jenny.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford continued to act in generally prestigious projects right up to his death. He guest-starred on "The Islanders", "The Barbara Stanwyck Show", and "The Eleventh Hour". In his final years, Bickford played rancher John Grainger, owner of the Shiloh Ranch, on "The Virginian". Bickford was well-liked by both fans and his fellow actors, including series lead James Drury. According to Drury, Bickford, who guest-starred earlier in the series in an unrelated role, wished he could have been on the series from the beginning. According to Paul Green, author of "A History of Television's The Virginian, 1962-1971", Bickford's vigorous portrayal of John Grainger helped restore the quality of the show after what some considered a chaotic fourth season.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Two of the actor's most memorable late-career, big-screen roles came in the Western "The Big Country" (1958; as a wealthy and ruthless rancher) with Gregory Peck and Charlton Heston and in the drama "Days of Wine and Roses" (1962; as the forlorn father of an alcoholic) with Jack Lemmon and Lee Remick. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who resembled Bickford, ran "The Big Country" four nights in a row in the White House when it was first released.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford married Beatrice Ursula Allen in 1916, in Manhattan. The couple had a son, Rex, and a daughter, Doris. Some sources have stated that Rex died in 1960, but this is disputed by a newspaper story printed at the time of his father's death, which stated he was aged 42 and married.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford was a practicing Catholic and a Democrat who supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign during the 1952 presidential election.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford died in Los Angeles on November 9, 1967, at age 76, of pneumonia and a blood infection after being hospitalized for an extended period.


title: Charles Bickford

text: Bickford received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. His motion-picture star is located at 6780 Hollywood Boulevard, and his television star is located at 1620 Vine Street.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century art. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. His work was branded as "degenerate" by the Nazis in 1933, and in 1937 more than 600 of his works were sold or destroyed.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was born in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria. His parents were of Prussian descent and his mother was a descendant of the Huguenots, a fact to which Kirchner often referred. As Kirchner's father searched for a job, the family moved frequently and Kirchner attended schools in Frankfurt and Perlen until his father earned the position of Professor of Paper Sciences at the College of technology in Chemnitz, where Kirchner attended secondary school. Although Kirchner's parents encouraged his artistic career they also wanted him to complete his formal education so in 1901, he began studying architecture at the Königliche Technische Hochschule (royal technical university) of Dresden. The institution provided a wide range of studies in addition to architecture, such as freehand drawing, perspective drawing and the historical study of art. While in attendance, he became close friends with Fritz Bleyl, whom Kirchner met during the first term. They discussed art together and also studied nature, having a radical outlook in common. Kirchner continued studies in Munich from 1903 to 1904, returning to Dresden in 1905 to complete his degree.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1905, Kirchner, along with Bleyl and two other architecture students, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Erich Heckel, founded the artists group Die Brücke ("The Bridge"). From then on, he committed himself to art. The group aimed to eschew the prevalent traditional academic style and find a new mode of artistic expression, which would form a bridge (hence the name) between the past and the present. They responded both to past artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Lucas Cranach the Elder, as well as contemporary international avant-garde movements. As part of the affirmation of their national heritage, they revived older media, particularly woodcut prints.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Their group was one of the seminal ones which in due course had a major impact on the evolution of modern art in the 20th century and created the style of Expressionism. The group met initially in Kirchner's first studio, which had previously been a butcher's shop. Bleyl described it as "that of a real bohemian, full of paintings lying all over the place, drawings, books and artist's materials — much more like an artist's romantic lodgings than the home of a well-organised architecture student".


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Kirchner's studio became a venue which overthrew social conventions to allow casual love-making and frequent nudity. Group life-drawing sessions took place using models from the social circle, rather than professionals, and choosing quarter-hour poses to encourage spontaneity. Bleyl described one such model, Isabella, a fifteen-year-old girl from the neighbourhood, as "a very lively, beautifully built, joyous individual, without any deformation caused by the silly fashion of the corset and completely suitable to our artistic demands, especially in the blossoming condition of her girlish buds."


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: A group manifesto written by Kirchner in 1906 stated that "Everyone who reproduces, directly and without illusion, whatever he senses the urge to create, belongs to us".


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In September and October 1906, the first group exhibition was held, focused on the female nude, in the showroom of K.F.M. Seifert and Co. in Dresden.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1906, he met Doris Große, who was his favoured model until 1911. Between 1907 and 1911, he stayed during the summer at the Moritzburg lakes and on the island of Fehmarn (which he revisited until 1914) with other Brücke members; his work featured the female nude in natural settings. In 1911, he moved to Berlin, where he founded a private art school, MIUM-Institut, in collaboration with Max Pechstein with the aim of promulgating "Moderner Unterricht im Malen" (modern teaching of painting). This was not a success and closed the following year, when he also began a relationship with Erna Schilling that lasted the rest of his life.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1913, his writing of "Chronik der Brücke" (Brücke chronicle) led to the ending of the group. At this time, he established an individual identity with his first solo exhibition, which took place at the Essen Folkwang Museum. During the next two years, he painted a series of "Straßenszenen" (street scenes) showing the streets of Berlin, with the central characters of street walkers.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: At the onset of the First World War in September 1914, Kirchner volunteered for military service. In July 1915 he was sent to Halle an der Saale to train as a driver in the reserve unit of the 75th Mansfeld Field Artillery Regiment. Kirchner's riding instructor, Professor Hans Fehr, arranged for Kirchner to be discharged after a mental breakdown. Kirchner then returned to Berlin and continued to work, producing many paintings including "Self-Portrait as a Soldier" (1915); in December 1915 he was admitted to Dr. Oskar Kohnstamm's sanatorium in Königstein in Taunus, where he was diagnosed with a strong dependency on Veronal, and alcoholism. In a letter to Dr. Karl Hagemann, a friend and patron, Kirchner writes: "After lengthy struggles I now find myself here for a time to put my mind into some kind of order. It is a terribly difficult thing, of course, to be among strangers so much of the day. But perhaps I'll be able to see and create something new. For the time being, I would like more peace and absolute seclusion. Of course, I long more and more for my work and my studio. Theories may be all very well for keeping a spiritual balance, but they are grey and shadowy compared with work and life". Throughout 1916, Kirchner periodically returned to Berlin for a few weeks at a time to continue his work at his studio; he also produced a series of oil paintings, and many drawings, during his stays in Königstein. After an exhibition of his work at the gallery of Ludwig Schames, in Frankfurt am Main, in October 1916, Kirchner sold many works and began to do well financially. In December, he suffered from a nervous breakdown and was admitted to Dr. Edel's sanatorium in Berlin-Charlottenburg.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1917, at the suggestion of , Helene Spengler invited Kirchner to Davos where he viewed an exhibition of Ferdinand Hodler's paintings. Kirchner's first visit to Davos coincided with a spell of exceptionally cold weather and he returned to Berlin after a stay of only ten days.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Eberhard Grisebach visited him in March, writing to Helen Spengler of Kirchner's condition: "I spent two mornings with Kirchner which I shall never forget. I found him sitting on a very low chair next to a small, hot stove in a yellow-painted, sloping-roofed attic. Only with the help of a stick was he able to walk, staggering around the room. ... A colourfully painted curtain concealed a large collection of paintings. When we began to look at them, he came alive. Together with me, he saw all his experiences drift by on canvas, the small, timid-looking woman set aside what we had seen and brought a bottle of wine. He made short explanatory remarks in a weary voice. Each picture had its own particular colourful character, a great sadness was present in all of them; what I had previously found to be incomprehensible and unfinished now created the same delicate and sensitive impression as his personality. Everywhere a search for style, for psychological understanding of his figures. The most moving was a self- portrait in uniform with his right hand cut off. Then he showed me his travel permit for Switzerland. He wanted to go back to Davos... and implored me to ask father for a medical certificate. ... As the woman with him rightly said, though many people want to help him, nobody is able to do so any longer. ... When I was leaving, I thought of Van Gogh's fate and thought that it would be his as well, sooner or later. Only later will people understand and see how much he has contributed to painting".


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Soon after, Kirchner's close friend and mentor, Botho Graef died and Kirchner decided to return to Davos for treatment. There he was under the care of Dr. Lucius Spengler who forced Kirchner to adhere to strict rules and routine. Kirchner deeply resented this and did everything in his power to deceive the doctor: "Spengler didn't know what to do with me, for my deception was totally alien to this excellent man's way of thinking". To avoid being under constant watch, Kirchner moved to the Reusch Hut on the Stafelalp in the summer of 1917. Kirchner continued to experience depression, occasional pain and paralysis of his limbs but wrote in a more cheerful tone to Dr. Hagemann at the end of July: "I wish to remain in the world and for the world. The high mountains here will help me". The summer was very productive despite Kirchner's illness. He finished some important pieces during the two month, such as "View of the Church in Monstein" and "Rising Moon in the Stafelalp". Together with 11 woodcuts, these works marked the start of Kirchner's Alpine life.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Kirchner was then admitted to The Bellevue Sanatorium, run by Ludwig Binswanger, in Kreuzlingen where he continued to produce paintings and woodcuts. In 1918, Kirchner was given a residence permit and he moved to "In den Lärchen" in Frauenkirch Davos where he rented a room on the first floor and eventually the above rooms in 1919, which he decorated with furniture that he carved. He wrote of the house to Henry van de Velde: "I'm living in a beautiful old Grisons house with a kitchen that looks like Rembrandt's studio". Kirchner overcame his illness and, although he was still dependent on morphine, his doctor was slowly decreasing his doses. He also writes "A Painter's Credo" where he states: "There is an intellectual guardianship over the world, it is man... This is the last judgement, before them you stand... They help you when you work. You can thank them only through work. When you want to die, they sometimes appear to you. When you are completely empty and completely open, you belong to them". Erna Schilling, his life partner, visited him periodically in Frauenkirch, while also maintaining a residence in Berlin to take care of Kirchner's business there.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: His reputation grew with several exhibitions in Germany and Switzerland in 1920. He was provided with many subjects to paint as he came to know the farmers of the area, who were amazed by Kirchner's gramophone. Kirchner writes of the people of Davos: "The people who live here are proud. The hard work, which is done with great love, the way they treat animals (you very seldom see an animal being mishandled) entitle them to be proud. In most cases, work here has reached the ideal standard of being done with love. You can see it in the movements of their hands. And that, in turn, ennobles the facial expression and imbues all personal contacts with a great delicacy. This is a country in which democracy has become reality. Here a man's word still counts, and you need have no fears about sleeping with your doors open. I am so happy to be allowed to be here, and through hard work I should like to thank the people for the kindness they have shown me". Kirchner began writing critiques of his own art under the pseudonym of Louis de Marsalle in order to control public opinion of him and free himself of dependence upon the art critics of the day.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1921, there was a major display of Kirchner's work in Berlin; the reviews were favourable. Kirchner's father died on the 14 February. Kirchner visited Zurich at the beginning of May and met the dancer, Nina Hard, whom he invited back to Frauenkirch (despite Erna's objections). Nina Hard would become an important model for Kirchner and would be featured in many of his works. Kirchner began creating designs for carpets which were then woven by Lise Gujer.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1923, Kirchner moved to the Wildboden house, writing in his diary: "Our new little house is a real joy to us. We shall live here comfortably and in great new order. This will really come to be a turning point of my life. Everything must be put in clear order and the little house furnished as simply and modestly as possible, while still being beautiful and intimate". The house looked over Frauenkirch and the Stafelalp on one side and on the other, Davos and Kirchner used these landscapes as subjects for many of his paintings.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1925, Kirchner became close friends with fellow artist, Albert Müller and his family. Rot-Blau, a new art group based in Basle, was formed by Hermann Scherer, Albert Müller, Paul Camenisch and Hans Schiess, who all visited Kirchner and worked under his guidance. At the end of 1925, Kirchner returned to Germany and made his rounds to Frankfurt, Chemnitz (where his mother was living), and Berlin where he met with Karl Schmidt-Rottluff who wanted Kirchner to form a new artist's group; Kirchner politely refused. He then returned to Frauenkirch and wrote to Dr. Hageman on 26 March 1926: "Now I'm sitting quietly at home again and I'm happy to be able to work undisturbed. I made a lot of sketches of life in Germany and it was very intriguing to see life there. I was also glad to see the old pictures of Rembrandt, Dürer, etc. again and to have the confirmation and encouragement they gave me. As for the moderns, I saw damned little that gripped me". In December 1926, Kirchner's close friend, Albert Müller, died of typhus along with his wife, Anni Müller. In 1927, Kirchner organized a memorial exhibition for Albert Müller at the Kunsthalle Basel. There was a major exhibition of Kirchner's work at the schoolhouse in Davos; the reviews were positive.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Kirchner was forced to distance himself from Rot-Blau after they pledged allegiance to him, which upset Kirchner greatly. He addressed them in "An open letter to the Basle Red-Blue group" in No. 5 of "Das Kunstbaltt", where stated that he was not their patron. In the same year, Kirchner visited Zurich, Berlin, and Essen. He was also visited in Frauenkirch by the painter Fritz Winter.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1930, Kirchner began to experience health problems due to smoking and in 1931 Erna had to undergo surgery in Berlin due to a suspected growth. In 1931, he was made a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin. As the Nazi party took power in Germany, it became impossible for Kirchner to sell his paintings. In 1937, he was forced to resign from the Prussian Academy of Arts. Kirchner became increasingly disturbed by the situation in Germany, writing: "Here we have been hearing terrible rumours about torture of the Jews, but it's all surely untrue. I'm a little tired and sad about the situation up there. There is a war in the air. In the museums, the hard-won cultural achievements of the last 20 years are being destroyed, and yet the reason why we founded the Brücke was to encourage truly German art, made in Germany. And now it is supposed to be un-German. Dear God. It does upset me".


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1934, Kirchner visited Berne and Zurich, finding the former more pleasing than the latter, and met Paul Klee. In the winter of 1935, a new school was being planned to be built in Frauenkirch and Kirchner offered to paint a mural. This project was dropped and instead Kirchner created a sculpture to be placed above the door of the schoolhouse. Reflecting on the inauguration of the schoolhouse in 1936 he writes, "the new school was inaugurated yesterday. It was a celebration with songs, dancing and speeches, followed by drinking such as I have not seen or experienced in decades...They made a point of including me and so there I was, sitting once again amongst these people who had received me with such kindness and friendliness on the alp twenty years ago. The relief has found favour and was mentioned often in the speeches".


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Throughout 1936 and 1937, Kirchner began to experience health problems and was prescribed Ovaltine and Eukodal by his doctors. In 1937, the Degenerate Art Exhibition took place in Germany; a total of 639 works by Kirchner were taken out of museums and 25 were displayed in the exhibition. The Academy of Arts in Berlin expelled Kirchner as a member. Kirchner continued to work and organised a major exhibit in Basel, which received mixed reviews.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Throughout 1938, Kirchner became increasingly upset with the situation in Germany. After Austria was annexed by Germany in the Anschluss, Kirchner became disturbed by the idea that Germany might invade Switzerland. On 15 June 1938, Kirchner took his own life by gunshot in front of his home in Frauenkirch; however, there are doubts about his death being a suicide. Three days later, Kirchner was laid to rest in the Waldfriedhof cemetery. Erna continued to live in the house until her death in 1945.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: In 1913, the first public showing in the United States of Kirchner's work took place at the Armory Show, which was also the first major display of modern art in America. In 1921, U.S. museums began to acquire his work and did so increasingly thereafter. His first solo museum show in the US was at the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1937. In 1969, a major retrospective of paintings, drawings, and prints traveled to the Seattle Art Museum, the Pasadena Art Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. In 1992, the National Gallery of Art, Washington, held a monographic show, using its existing collection; a major international loan exhibition took place in 2003. In November 2006 at Christie's, Kirchner's Street Scene, "Berlin" (1913) fetched $38 million, a record for the artist. From 3 August to 10 November 2008, the Museum of Modern Art in New York held a major exhibition that "probably comprises the very best of his oeuvre."


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: Many of Kirchner's collectors were Jewish and persecuted by the Nazis for that reason. They either sold off their collections in order to flee the Nazis or had their collections seized. The Kirchner paintings ""Berlin Street Scene"" and ""Judgement of Paris"" were owned by the Jewish art collector Alfred Hess whose widow was forced to relinquish them before fleeing Kirchner's 1915 painting "Artillerymen" was owned by the important art dealer of modern art, the German Jewish Alfred Flechtheim whose art gallery was Aryanized (seized by Nazis) in 1933 before he fled Germany. Kirchner's painting "Sand Hills in Engadine," which had been seized by the Nazis in 1935 after its owner, Max Fischer, fled Germany for the United States, found its way into the collection of the MoMA, but was returned to Fischer's heirs in 2015.


title: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

text: His monumental Bathers (1916), destroyed by the Nazis, has been re-created at the Kirchner Museum in Davos.


title: All About Anna

text: All About Anna is a 2005 Danish erotic film directed by Jessica Nilsson and starring Gry Bay and Mark Stevens. The film is explicit in its exploration of sexual relationships.


title: All About Anna

text: It is a co-production between Innocent Pictures and Lars von Trier's Zentropa Productions, and is the third of Zentropa's sex films for women, following "Constance" (1998) and "Pink Prison" (1999). All three films were based on the Puzzy Power Manifesto developed by Zentropa in 1997.


title: All About Anna

text: Anna (Gry Bay) is a single woman who seeks to maintain an active sex life while staying clear of emotional involvement, after having been jilted by the love of her life, Johan (Mark Stevens). She has a relationship with Frank (Thomas Raft), but refuses to let him move in with her. When Johan shows up again after five years absence, she starts wondering how much longer she can maintain her emotional independence, and if that is what she wants. She has sex with him, loses his telephone number and cannot contact him. She ends her affair with Frank and when she is offered a job as costume designer in a French theatre, she decides to move to Paris. She leaves her flat to her flatmate Camilla (Eileen Daly) who asks her permission to rent out the now empty room to a friend of hers. This friend turns out to be Johan, and Anna meets him as she leaves for Paris, where the local stage actors Pierre (Morten Schelbech) and Sophie (Ovidie) offer new amorous temptations, but she worries about Johan finding a new love. In the end she returns to Copenhagen and, after mistakenly thinking that Johan has been unfaithful to her, she faces her fears of commitment and is reunited with him.


title: All About Anna

text: The film was originally released in November 2005 on a Scandinavian three-disc DVD. This was the first Danish pornographic film to be released with subtitles for the hearing-impaired, which was enthusiastically received by the deaf community.


title: All About Anna

text: The US theatrical premiere was held on 18 January 2007 in Chicago, where it was included in the series "Cinematic Sexualities in the 21st Century", arranged by Doc Films in collaboration with The University of Chicago Film Studies Center.


title: All About Anna

text: "All About Anna" was officially selected for Zurich Film Festival and Io Isabella International Film Week.


title: All About Anna

text: In September 2009, it was released theatrically in the United Kingdom as a double bill with Lars von Trier's "Antichrist" (also a Zentropa-produced film with sexually explicit images).


title: All About Anna

text: In 2006 it was nominated for two EroticLine Awards in the categories Best International Newcomer (Gry Bay) and Best International Actor (Mark Stevens).


title: All About Anna

text: In 2007, it won three Scandinavian Adult Awards, including Best Scandinavian Couples Film, Best Scandinavian Actor (Thomas Raft) and Best Selling Scandinavian Star of 2006 (Gry Bay).


title: All About Anna

text: In September 2007, Germany's biggest weekly magazine "Stern" identified women's pornography as one of 50 trends, placed an image from "All About Anna" on the cover of its cultural supplement "Stern Journal", and commented:


title: All About Anna

text: In her book "Secrets of Porn Star Sex" (Infinite Ideas, 2007), British author Marcelle Perks includes a chapter on female-friendly porn, in which she concludes: "Rather than being intimidated by porn, do a bit of research and find something that you can have fun with. An ideal introduction movie is the hit film "All About Anna", a mainstream film that features real sex".


title: All About Anna

text: In April 2008, the U.S. trade journal "AVN" gave the film an AAAAA Editor's Choice Review. It was one of only four films to receive the journal's highest rating that month. Critic Jared Rutter wrote:


title: All About Anna

text: In May 2008, French trade journal "Hot Vidéo" #208 placed "All About Anna" highest in the category "la crème du porno feminine".


title: All About Anna

text: In May 2008, Danish lifestyle magazine "Woman" #112 had asked a group of female readers to rate a selection of erotic product, including books, websites, CDs etc. The highest score went to "All About Anna".


title: All About Anna

text: This among other things marked the first Best Foreign Feature AVN Award nomination for an Academy Award-nominated company.


title: All About Anna

text: In January 2009, "All About Anna" ranked number two on a top-ten of female-friendly sex films published on the Website of Europe's biggest newspaper, "Bild". The list also included "Constance" and "Pink Prison".


title: All About Anna

text: The film exists in at least three versions. The original Scandinavian DVD release contains both the Producer's Cut and the Director's Cut. A Softcore Version with no explicit sexual footage has also been released in Germany.


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: Manoj K. Bharathi (born 11 September 1976 as Manoj Bharathiraja) is an Indian actor. He is most noted as the son of director Bharathiraja. Manoj made his acting debut with "Taj Mahal" in 1999.


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: He has been the part of few Tamil movies like "Samudhiram" (2001), "Kadal Pookkal" (2001), "Varushamellam Vasantham" (2002), "Pallavan" (2003), "Eera Nilam" (2003), "Annakodi" (2013) and "Baby" (2015).


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: Before becoming an actor in the Tamil film industry, Manoj worked as an assistant director. He worked as an assistant to his father in films such as "Final Cut of Director" (2016).


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: Before becoming an actor in the Tamil film industry, Manoj worked as an assistant actor. He studied theatre arts at the University of South Florida.


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: He made his acting debut in the 1999 Tamil film "Taj Mahal", directed by his father, with himself alongside Riya Sen, who was making her debut as well. Subsequently, Manoj appeared in films such as "Samuthiram", alongside Sarath Kumar and Murali and in "Kadal Pookkal", directed by his father, sharing screen space with Murali once again. The latter became a box office failure, But received much critical acclaim for which Bharathiraja was awarded the National Film Award for Best Screenplay. He then enacted the lead role in Saran's "Alli Arjuna", alongside Richa Pallod, before starring in the low budget productions "Varushamellam Vasantham" and "Pallavan", which failed to achieve commercial success. Later, he starred in Sathyaraj's "Maha Nadigan" in a cameo role and did a negative role in the unreleased Telugu film "Lemon".


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: He worked as an assistant to his father in films such as "Final Cut of Director" and noted filmmaker Mani Ratnam in "Bombay". From 2008 til 2010, he worked as an assistant to director S. Shankar in his magnum opus "Enthiran". Since 2007, it has been reported that Manoj was set to remake his father's "Sigappu Rojakkal", but the film still remains in pre-production. In 2012, his father signed him up to replace Ameer in his production "Annakodiyum Kodiveeranum", as an antagonist, thus marking a return to films after a seven-year sabbatical.


title: Manoj Bharathiraja

text: On 19 November 2006, Manoj married his longtime friend actress Nandana, who has appeared in Tamil films such as "ABCD" and "Success". Nandhana was his co-star in the film "Saadhuriyan". The marriage was held at Ashirwad Marriage Hall at Kozhikode, Kerala, homeplace of Nandhana, whilst a grand reception took place on 1 December 2006 at Mayor Ramanathan Chettiar Hall in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The couple has 2 daughters, Arthika and Mathivadani.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: The Cinema Rex, located in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze on 19 August 1978, killing between 377 and 470 people. The event started when four men doused the building with airplane fuel before setting it alight. The attack was responsible for triggering the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of the Iranian monarchy. It was the largest terrorist attack in history until the 1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers, which itself was later surpassed by the September 11 attacks.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: The ruling Pahlavi dynasty initially blamed "Islamic Marxists" for the fire and later reported that Islamic militants started the fire, while anti-Pahlavi protesters blamed SAVAK ("Sazeman-e Ettelaat va Amniyat-e Keshvar"), the Iranian secret police, for setting the fire. According to Roy Mottahedeh, author of "The Mantle of the Prophet", "thousands of Iranians who had felt neutral and had until now thought that the struggle was only between the shah and supporters of religiously conservative mullahs felt that the government might put their own lives on the block to save itself. Suddenly, for hundreds of thousands, the movement was their own business."


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: On 19 August 1978 at the Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran, hundreds of people were watching "The Deer" ("Gavaznha") when, at 20:21, four men barred the doors of the cinema and doused it with petrol from a can. The fire started outside three entrance doors to the main hall after the attackers allegedly dropped a match into the petrol. The attackers then fled and blocked the doors from the outside. Around 100 people escaped uninjured via the roof, and a further 223 suffered nonfatal injuries; the remainder, at least 377, died in the fire.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: The fire was followed within hours by a firebombing in Shiraz. A theater in Mashhad had been burned down, killing three people, two days prior.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: There is speculation over the actual number of casualties incurred during the fire. Some of the numbers cited by sources include 377, 410, 422, and 470.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: There have been numerous allegations regarding the identity of the perpetrators of the Cinema Rex fire. Still, the event was a key trigger for the Iranian Revolution in 1978. Initially, the revolutionaries alleged that SAVAK intelligence agents were in pursuit of individuals who ran into the theatre and used it as an opportunity to hide in a large crowd. Later, the fugitives (or the SAVAK agents chasing them) locked the cinema doors. Unable to escape from the building, hundreds of people inside the cinema died in the conflagration. The Iranian newspaper "Sobhe Emruz" blamed radical Islamists in an editorial addressing "Kayhan" newspaper run by Hossein Shariatmadari (Shariatmadari has been described as being "a close confidant of Iran's supreme leader" Ali Khamenei, and as having "links" to Iran's intelligence services). "Sobhe Emruz" wrote, "Don't make us disclose who were really behind the Cinema Rex fire," causing the newspaper to be shut down shortly afterward.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: According to the historian Abbas Amanat: "From what is known, the Rex Cinema's exit doors were intentionally locked. Widespread rumors at the time held Savak and the pro-government agents provocateurs responsible. Yet the arson was consistent with Islamic activists' setting ablaze cinemas and other venues of supposed Western decadence for more than a decade. As was witnessed in many instances of arson that destroyed cinemas, first in Qom and later in other cities, the Rex Cinema incident displayed the perpetrators' utter lack of moral scruples, as became evident in the course of their trial a few months later. The Islamic opposition, however, stood to reap major propaganda advantages from the tragedy in the prevailing environment of suspicion and anger".


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: Dilip Hiro, author of "Iran Under the Ayatollahs", said that anti-Shah groups were not likely to have caused the fire since the Cinema Rex was located in a working-class neighborhood and was showing the film "The Deer", well-known starring actor Behrouz Vossoughi, which Hiro claimed had "passed the censors with considerable difficulty." Hiro also said that the planned closure of the cinema doors and the local fire station's efforts, which he described as "tepid," strengthened the public belief that the Shah had the cinema burned.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: As the event occurred during the revolutionary period, it was quite difficult to identify the perpetrators, making ill-conceived accusations rather prevalent. Many elements of the revolutionary bloc blamed Mohammad Reza Shah, the now deposed monarch of Iran, and SAVAK, the country's domestic security and intelligence service. Although sufficient evidence was never brought forth to facilitate such claims, the labeling would have far-reaching implications for the subsequent direction of the revolutionary movement. The circumstances under which the fire was set did not aid the Shah's pleas of innocence. The location of the incident, an impoverished district of Abadan, and its timing did not coincide with preceding patterns of protest, which raised the level of suspicion. It was also believed that the Shah targeted Cinema Rex to kill political dissidents who had gathered to watch the anti-government film playing there.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: While initial rumors blamed Shah and SAVAK for the fire, after the revolution, more evidence suggested the 4-person arson team was indirectly in touch with Shia clerics. The order came from them. Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani is reported by Mohammad Nourizad to be one of the faces behind the arson. When asked why Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani was quoted that the silence of Khouzestan province people was the motive behind Cinema Rex fire. They wanted the employees of National Iranian Oil Company to join the strikes against Mohammad Reza Shah. The government, however, remained silent and did not pursue it further. There were discussions that people would not believe the truth if they were informed by SAVAK. There was also a belief that the government at the time remained silent because they were still hopeful to rebuild good relations with the clerics.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: Islamists were against cinema in general, especially the rise of sex scenes in movies was a concern to them. Other cinemas were targeted by them too. In an interview with Kayhan, Ayatollah Lahouti said Qom Cinema was bombed by the order of Ahmad Khomeini. Setting cinemas on fire was a common issue since 1969, while no mosque or sacred place was set on fire at the same time. Farajollah Salahshoor, a religious Iranian filmmaker, said: "We knew well that cinema was a channel for western culture entry, I have burned cinemas like others before the revolution. Unfortunately, after the revolution, museums were built for those cinemas and cinema is supported.".


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: In an interview with Hossein Dehbashi, Mohsen Safaei Farahani claimed that the person responsible for cinema Rex fire "..became a member of Parliament after Islamic Revolution". Alireza Nourizadeh, a journalist meeting with Intelligence minister at the time, quoted the intelligence minister: "Our information shows burning Cinema Rex order came from Najaf." (Najaf was a main center of Shia Islam). Nourizadeh mentioned the name that Mr. Aameri Tehrani said was "... Mr. Kiavash who later became a Member of Parliament. Mr. Kiavash was in touch with the main suspect, Hossein Takbalizadeh, and also in touch with Najaf clerics."


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: According to Middle East expert Daniel L. Byman, "The movies were an affront to God, encouraging vice and Western-style decadence. So in August 1978, four Shiite revolutionaries locked the doors of the Cinema Rex in the Iranian city of Abadan and set the theater on fire".


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: Iraj Mesdaghi wrote that at the beginning of Islamic Republic formation, Mousavi Tabrizi was carefully selected as the judge for Cinema Rex case. His father-in-law Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani is reported to be one of the faces behind the Cinema Rex fire. The case was hardly moving forward at first. Later, due to pressures by public and the families of victims the court started on August 23, 1980. Reluctant to accept the Islamist roles, it ended up as a theatrical trial. After several resignations from district attorneys and officials, Mousavi Tabrizi played both the role of district attorney as well as judge.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: According to the Washington-based group Human Rights & Democracy for Iran, the families of the victims led the charge for further investigation of the case, even resorting to a long sit-in protest from April to August 1980. The new Iranian government arrested Captain Monir Taheri, who was accused by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Rudsar of having received guerrilla training in the United States. Taheri's defense maintained that he had never visited Abadan and that he was in Ahvaz at the time of the blaze. The tribunal found Taheri guilty and executed him shortly thereafter on 23 February 1979.


title: Cinema Rex fire

text: Lasting from 25 August to 4 September 1980, the Revolutionary Tribunal oversaw 17 court sessions that involved the trial of 26 individuals, including the only survivor of the four-man arson team, Hossein Takbalizadeh, who stated in his defense that he was an unemployed drug addict. After much deliberation, Takbalizadeh and five others were put to death in public.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam Newman is a fictional character from "The Young and the Restless", a soap opera on the CBS network. Adam was created by William J. Bell as the son of Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) and Hope Wilson (Signy Coleman) and was introduced on April 24, 1995. Adam left town two years after his birth and was raised in Kansas by his mother, growing up without knowing that Victor is his father.


title: Adam Newman

text: In 2008, Chris Engen began portraying Adam as an adult. After a year in the role, Engen announced his exit from "The Young and the Restless" because of objections over his storyline, and Michael Muhney was recast in the role. Controversy arose two weeks after Muhney's debut when Adam seduced male character Rafe Torres (Yani Gellman). The media accused Engen of homophobia, but the actor dispelled these rumors, saying he was unhappy with his storyline long before the homosexuality plot twist was aired. In 2013, Muhney was fired from the role and made his last appearance on January 30, 2014; later that year, Justin Hartley was cast as Adam, who portrayed Adam for an additional two years before vacating the role on September 1, 2016. In May 2019, Mark Grossman took claim over the role, receiving his first credit as Adam on May 9.


title: Adam Newman

text: The character is known as an anti-hero, described as "one of the most devious characters on daytime" by "The Advocate". He is notable for his relationships with Sharon Newman (Sharon Case)—a pairing regarded as "dark" by SoapNet—and Chelsea Lawson (Melissa Claire Egan). Adam has a severely bad relationship with his father, who often does not accept him as part of his family.


title: Adam Newman

text: Muhney, Hartley and Grossman's performances in the role have been met with favorable reception from audiences and critics. Muhney was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Adam in 2013. Hartley received a nomination in that same category in 2016. Meanwhile, Grossman earned himself an Emmy nomination in the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series category in 2020.


title: Adam Newman

text: Series creator William J. Bell created Victor Newman, Jr. in 1995 as part of a social issue storyline. The plot involved Hope Adams' decision to carry Victor's child to term despite the possibility that he could inherit his mother's blindness, which could manifest later in life.<ref name="Soap Opera Digest 2/19/08 Losing Hope"></ref> Adam was first portrayed in 1995 by infant actors, including twins Celeste and Coryn Williams, followed by Danielle and Sabrina Helper and then Spencer Klass. Hayden Tank played the role from December 1996 to August 1997, and returned for a guest appearance on June 26, 2002. In 2008, it was announced that the character had been rapidly aged to an adult. Chris Engen assumed the role of Adam on February 21, 2008.<ref name="Soap Opera Digest 2/19/08 Comings and Goings"></ref>


title: Adam Newman

text: In May 2009, it was announced that Engen was leaving the program and that Muhney had immediately been recast in the role.<ref name="Engen/Muhney"></ref> Muhney made his first appearance as Adam on June 25, 2009. In 2011, Muhney signed a contract that would keep him in the role for an unspecified period. In April 2013, Muhney announced that he had signed a new contract that would expire in June 2015. In December, however, Muhney announced that he had been abruptly let go from the soap opera, with his last airdate on January 30, 2014. In August, it was announced that Hartley had been cast as Adam, due to begin taping in September; he first aired on November 5, 2014. Upon the news of his casting, the actor told "TV Guide": "I'm so pumped about joining "Y&R" — I watch it all the time and can't wait to get in there and get my hands dirty!" In 2016, it was announced that Hartley had been cast in a regular role on the NBC drama series "This Is Us", which was picked up by the network, placing his future with "The Young and the Restless" into question. In September 2016, Hartley confirmed his exit from the soap opera on his Facebook page, thanking fans for their support as well as encouraging them to watch him on "This Is Us". He had last appeared on September 1, 2016.


title: Adam Newman

text: In March 2019, "Daytime Confidential" broke the news that actor Mark Grossman had been cast in the role. He received his first credit in the role on May 9, although his first appearance would be on May 13, 2019. In 2020, child actor Dane West was cast in the role, portraying Adam in newly-created flashbacks.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam's off-screen background was established to reflect that of his father; the character was highly self-motivated, studying at college and beginning a career in finance. In an interview with "Soaps In Depth", Engen said, "Luckily, I'm not going to be compared to anyone else ... anything I do and anything I try to project, and [the] kind of ideas that I have to influence the character are okay". The actor stated his intent to portray Adam as a "rich, three-dimensional character with ambitions, flaws, and the positive qualities of his mother Hope".<ref name="SID 4/14/08 Son"></ref>


title: Adam Newman

text: As the character's storyline progressed, he became "one of the most devious characters on daytime" as part of a Gothic plot in which Adam secretly torments Ashley, Victor's love interest, to get revenge on his father.<ref name="SID 6/22/09 Tragedy Strikes!"></ref> The story called for Adam to be blind, with uncertainty whether his condition is genuine. Engen told Julie McElwain of "Soaps In Depth" that he was not sure how to portray the blindness. He said, "I didn't want to nail it on the head completely with the blindness, because I wasn't sure if the blindness was real. Signy [who portrayed Hope] won awards for her portrayal of retinitis pigmentosa, and I thought it would be a dishonor to that if I came too close to the mark."<ref name="SID 6/22/09 Smooth Operator"></ref> Engen said that he thought that former executive producers, Maria Arena Bell and Paul Rauch, and the writers "know what they're doing, and right now it would seem like Adam is instigating more ... drama." The actor worried whether the character's actions might lead to him becoming "irredeemable", but also said he took it as a challenge to make what Adam does "interesting and human".


title: Adam Newman

text: Muhney said in an interview that the plot point of seducing Rafe broadened Adam's horizons. He said, "What it did was move a character who represents a person who lives in Genoa City and moved him outside of a box that you can neatly check off. 'He is straight, he is this, or he is that,' and the fact that some lines are blurred makes him more real. When they did that with this character, I loved the opportunity to play into a different realm which is usually not touched upon on television." Muhney described the character as a "puppeteer" with "survival instinct", but also someone with a conscience. In another interview, when asked what he likes about portraying Adam, Muhney stated: "You want to play a catalytic character. You know a troublemaker is good business. You know someone who doesn't swim with the fishes, who swims upstream in the other direction, is someone who is going to cause friction and turbulence in storyline with other characters. I have been told by many of my cast members that the role to play is Adam. They say, "If I were to have a choice, the character I would want to play is your role, Adam."


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam's first romance was with Heather Stevens (Vail Bloom), which received viewer support.<ref name="SID 3/30/09 Mom Knows Best"></ref><ref name="SID 10/27/09 Burn Notice"></ref> Engen said that he "thanked God" for that aspect of his storyline, that he felt Adam "genuinely loves" Heather and that she had been "the only light in this world of darkness that the character had lived in" since Engen started portraying the character.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam has been involved with his brother's ex-wife, Sharon Newman (Sharon Case)a relationship which SoapNet described as "dark". Adam stole Sharon's newborn baby, Faith, and gave her to Ashley Abbott (Eileen Davidson)whom he caused to have a miscarriage and a phantom pregnancy. Despite knowing this and seeing Sharon grieve, Adam bonded with her out of guilt; however, they fell in love and married. Muhney told SoapNet that Adam "unequivocally loves her 100%", and said, "You can argue as much logic as you want about what Adam has done and what he is doing." Sharon remained in love with Adam after his kidnapping of Faith was revealed. The soap's other characters, who viewed him as a criminal, were displeased with the romance. Case described Sharon's ability to forgive Adam as a "tough pill to swallow", and also compared it to Nick's love for Phylliswho had "blown people up and ran people over". Jamey Giddens of Zap2it described Adam and Sharon's relationship as "inappropriate" yet "red-hot". Several of Sharon's friends, including her ex-husband Jack, disowned her because of the relationship. After Sharon's conviction for the murder of Adam's ex-wife Skye, she escaped after being sentenced to life imprisonment. During this storyline, Case still supported the coupledubbed "Shadam" by viewerssaying that the pairing "took us all by surprise". Case also said, "That is what I was referring to with this storyline because of the pace and the vitality that "Shadam" has." While on the run, Sharon slept with a man named Sam when Adam thought she was dead. Feeling betrayed, Adam tricked her into a jailhouse wedding where he abandoned her, leaving Sharon heartbroken and angry.


title: Adam Newman

text: NicholasSharon's first husband and Adam's brotherlater forced Sharon to get a restraining order against Adam. The night before it became active, she spent the night with Adam, who vowed to fight the order, refusing to give Sharon up. Jae' Jones from "Yahoo!" said that Sharon's actions "always" lead her back to Adam. Adam was attacked by Patty Williams (Stacy Haiduk), and his impaired vision returned. Sharon looked after Adam and even returned him to his mother's farm in Kansas where they reconnected. Adam proposed to her and they returned to Genoa City. However, Sharon ended their relationship shortly after learning of Adam's role in freeing Pattywho went on to wreak havoc and hurt loved onesfrom a psychiatric hospital two years earlier. Although Sharon knew Adam had changed, she refused to bet anything on him.


title: Adam Newman

text: Despite Adam's marriage to Chelsea Lawson (Melissa Claire Egan), he helped Sharon after she had a mental breakdown and burned down the Newman ranch. Case said that Sharon's relationship with Nick "held more weight", and that Sharon and Adam is "just as deep". Adam had an arsonist set fire to another building to avoid Sharon being implicated for the fire at the ranch. The arsonist burned down a restaurant owned by Chelsea's father. Chelsea became insecure and bitter towards Sharon, and was enraged at Adam for breaking the law to save Sharon. Chelsea warned Sharon to stay away from Adam; Sharon told her that Adam would never love Chelsea the way he loves her. Luke Kerr of "Zap2It" said that Chelsea was "out of her league" and the storyline was "fun".


title: Adam Newman

text: Egan said: "I love working with Michael Muhney. I heard about him because my mom had watched "Y&R" before I joined. So when I told her my character was going to be mixed up with Adam, she went, 'Oh! He is so good, but so bad'". Egan said that her mother "told me he was a great character, but an evil one, so I was really excited. And now knowing Michael, it has been so much fun." She said that "everyone seems to think we have good on-screen chemistry" and that "it's an interesting energy between Chelsea and Adam being the "bad guys" in town." Egan said Adam was Sharon's biggest supporter when Chelsea had Billy's baby and gave him up.


title: Adam Newman

text: As of June 2022, Adam (Mark Grossman) is currently in a relationship with Sally Spectra played by (Courtney Hope).


title: Adam Newman

text: When news broke of Engen's exit from the show, reporters speculated that he had quit because of personal objections over an upcoming same-sex relationship between Adam and Rafe Torres (Yani Gellman). Commentatorsincluding celebrity blogger Perez Hilton who wrote "homophobe" on an image of the actorcriticized Engen.


title: Adam Newman

text: In an interview with "TV Guide Canada", former executive producer and head writer Maria Arena Bell stated that while she would not comment on Engen's decision, she was "saddened that they had to recast because Engen was really gelling in the role", but added that she had "no doubt" that Muhney would make Adam his own.


title: Adam Newman

text: In another interview, Eileen Davidson, who portrayed Ashley Abbott, said that she "couldn't judge" Engen's decision since it was a "personal one". Davidson said, "Everybody has his or her own demonsand makes their own choices due to their creative process." In other interviews, Eric Braeden, who portrays Adam's father Victor Newman, stated his disappointment with Engen's departure, and told "Soap Opera Digest" that he unsuccessfully tried to convince the actor to stay with the soap opera. Braeden stated, "He was somewhat disturbed by the fact that he was playing this evil character. I said, 'Listen, I remember Victor feeding rats to people.' I told him to embrace it because he had the most riveting storyline around, period."<ref name="Soap Opera Digest 6/23/09 Adam Bomb"></ref> In another interview with "Soaps In Depth", Braeden said that he too was "saddened by the fact that he left", saying it was a "hell of a role". Braeden also said, "Whatever personal reasons he has, you've got to respect that. But he was a very nice guy, very professional. We all liked working with him. We were shocked when he decided to leave, but that's his personal decision." After the controversy surrounding his departure from the show, Engen posted a message on his Myspace page stating he had been unhappy with Adam's storyline long before the homosexual plot twist had emerged.


title: Adam Newman

text: After the sudden announcement that Muhney had been fired from the role in December 2013, viewers and critics alike expressed their disappointment in the decision. Michael Ausiello of TVLine wrote that the news was the "worst Christmas present ever", as well as Jamey Giddens of Zap2it writing: "Outspoken and insanely-gifted, Michael Muhney has definitely shaken things up in daytime since joining "The Young and the Restless". Whether he was demanding changes in the Daytime Emmy nomination process, or getting into fights with his TV pappy on Twitter, one thing was for certain — Muhney always brought it on screen as bad seed Adam Newman. Well, not anymore." Immediately after the news of his firing, Muhney conducted an interview with the "Huffington Post" and stated: "Part of me feels this is because I've always been outspoken, and sometimes I've been too outspoken. Sometimes I've walked around with a big backpack full of hubris. That is entirely on me. CBS, Sony, and Jill Phelps are not to blame for that." Muhney also said that the writers were planning to "take a break from Adam for 3 to 6 months" and then recast the role.


title: Adam Newman

text: In January 2014, however, celebrity gossip site TMZ reported that according to multiple sources that the reason Muhney was allegedly let go from the soap was because Muhney had sexually harassed co-star Hunter King (who portrays Summer Newman). The site wrote: "38-year-old Muhney allegedly bullied and harassed 20-year-old Hunter King, who plays Summer on the show. She went to higher-ups and complained recently Muhney had fondled her breasts on 2 occasions — and she said both were unsolicited and unwanted." The rumor generated significant negative publicity for the soap opera; Margaret Eby of the "New York Daily News" wrote, "The set of "The Young and the Restless" may have turned into a real life soap opera thanks to star Michael Muhney, who was allegedly fired for groping one of his co-workers." Fox News reported that several viewers were upset by Muhney's firing and the sexual harassment allegations, writing: "Many "Y&R" fans were none too pleased to find out Muhney was leaving, and several blasted the allegations." TMZ later reported that angered viewers had paid US$785 to have an airplane fly over CBS Studios in Los Angeles with a banner to have Muhney rehired, and the plane flew three days later. Muhney made his final appearance on January 30, 2014. In August 2014, Muhney claimed on his Twitter page that the allegations were indeed false and it was only a salacious rumor.


title: Adam Newman

text: Hope gives birth to Victor Adam Newman, Jr. in 1995, and soon after she and Victor divorce, prompting Hope to move to Kansas with Victor Jr. He was raised believing Cliff Wilson was his father until June 2002, when Victor visited Kansas to see Victor Jr. Six years later in February 2008, Hope tells Victor that she is dying from pancreatic cancer, and tells their sonknown as "Vic"that Victor is his father. A Harvard Business School graduate, Vic is resentful of Victor for abandoning his own child. He later agrees to move to Genoa City with Victor and work at his company, Newman Enterprises, but still refuses to build a relationship with his father. Vic then begins using the name Adam Newman, and is resented by Victor’s other children Victoria and Nicholas Newman (Amelia Heinle and Joshua Morrow) for splitting up their parents during Victor and Hope’s marriage. Victor's girlfriend Sabrina Costelana (Raya Meddine) urges him to mend his relationships with his children. Adam then begins dating Heather Stevens (Vail Bloom), and Victor’s dislike of her causes their romance to become secretive. When Victor is presumed dead while in Mexico searching for the men responsible for Sabrina’s death, Adam takes over at Newman Enterprises, fires his siblings and instates Victor’s nemesis Brad Carlton (Don Diamont). Adam's family are powerless to stop him after they discover Victor left most of his possessions to Adam in his will. Adam plots to frame Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman) for murder, but when Victor appears alive, Jack reverses the plot and Adam is framed for murder, resulting in his imprisonment. Heather begins to notice Adam’s failing eyesight; he may have inherited his mother’s blindness. After Adam is brutally beaten by an inmate, Victor has the charges against his son dropped.


title: Adam Newman

text: In 2009, Adam becomes friends with Ashley Abbott (Eileen Davidson), who continuously hears a baby crying and finds things supposedly left for her by Sabrina, who is dead. The housekeeper Estella Munoz (Anne Betancourt) is blamed and arrested; however, Adam was secretly gaslighting Ashley. Adam dresses as Sabrina, scares Ashley and she falls down a staircase, causing her to miscarry her child, whose father is Victor. Adam then blackmails her doctor, Charles Taylor, into telling her that her child was still alive. Rafe Torres (Yani Gellman) is appointed to investigate Adam, who seduces him to divert his attention from Adam's criminal activity. Heather discovers Adam's affair with Rafe and ends her relationship with Adam. Ashley is admitted to a psychiatric hospital, where a pregnant Sharon Newman (Sharon Case) is also staying. Sharon goes into labor and Adam steals her daughter, Faith, and passes her off as Ashley’s child. Sharon believes her child had died, and guilt-ridden, Adam pursues a relationship with Sharon and they elope, but she leaves him when she remembers elements that contradict her losing her child. A note from a dying Charles Taylor saying that Ashley had miscarried and Faith is really Sharon and Nicholas’ daughter is found. Adam is jailed again but gets the insane Patty Williams (Stacy Haiduk) to help him escape to attend a masquerade ball, where he unsuccessfully begs Sharon for forgiveness. An explosion at the ball occurs and a burned corpse is positively identified as Adam. Nicholas is arrested for Adam's murder. The corpse is actually that of Richard Hightower, to whom Adam had donated bone marrow and carries Adam's DNA. Adam meets up with Skye Lockhart (Laura Stone) and they plot a confidence trick together, but Adam still dreams of Sharon.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam and Skye, now married, return to Genoa City to testify on Nicholas’ behalf, but Adam fakes a mental breakdown and is sent to the psychiatric hospital where Patty is being treated. She recollects the night of Hightower’s death to the district attorney, but Adam confuses her, leads her out of the hospital, gives her a new identity and tells her never to return. Adam and Sharon reunite in New Orleans, just before he faces charges for murdering Skye. Sharon travels to Hawaii to prove Skye is alive, but Skye falls to her death in a volcano and Sharon is arrested for her murder. Adam helps Sharon to escape from prison and flee the state, and she is presumed dead when her burned-out car is found. Sharon is actually carjacked and the carjacker died in the fire. Adam is devastated and still looks for proof that Sharon did not kill Skye. He eventually finds proof but when he discovers that Sharon had been living with a veterinarian in New Mexico, he disposes of the evidence in a river in July 2011. Adam then plots with Diane Jenkins (Maura West) to make Victor suffer, almost framing him for Diane’s murder. However, when Diane's murdered body is found, a six-month investigation ensues with Adam as an initial suspect. Adam again takes over at Newman Enterprises when Victor falsely confesses to the murder and later reunites with Sharon, but she leaves him again when his scheme against Patty is revealed. Adam later befriends Chelsea Lawson (Melissa Claire Egan) and they begin dating in April 2012, later eloping to Kansas where Sharon tries to stop the wedding. Chelsea becomes pregnant but miscarries in a car accident with Summer Newman (Hunter King). Adam takes in Sharon, who is mentally unstable, and gets her the help she needs; Chelsea disapproves. After he is reinstated as chief executive officer at Newman Enterprises and shares a kiss with Sharon, Adam promises Chelsea they can move to Paris, but when he cannot leave the company they decide to divorce. While trying to save Victor, Adam is shot at Victor's wedding in March 2013, and they mend their relationship by working together at Newman Enterprises. Chelsea discovers she is pregnant again, but tells Adam the child was fathered by Dylan McAvoy (Steve Burton). After Adam finds out Connor is his son, he plans to go for full custody and plans to cut Chelsea out of Connor's life, believing she is an unfit mother. Victor and Adam's partnership at the company ends months later when it is revealed that Adam's silent partner in taking Newman Enterprises private again was Jack. When Victor announces Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper) left her company, Chancellor Industries, to him in her will, Adam leaves him all of his shares in the company and resigns. Shortly after, Adam suspects he may have struck Delia Abbott (Sophie Pollono) with his car while driving on a dark road. After Delia dies in the accident, investigations begin to find the driver, leaving Adam guilt-ridden. Chelsea moves in with him to help take care of Connor, and they eventually reunite.


title: Adam Newman

text: After not telling anyone about hitting Delia, Adam fears the investigation is closing in on him. He names Jack Connor's godfather and makes him promise to protect him should anything happen to him, and then proposes to Chelsea again and asks her to move to Paris with him like they had planned during their first marriage. At the same time, Victor's private investigation on the hit-and-run driver leads him to Adam. He agrees to not turn him in as long as he can take part in Connor's life; a role he had initially refused him. Adam agrees as he and Chelsea remarry. Days before their flight to Paris, Delia's father Billy Abbott (Billy Miller) put the pieces together and realizes Adam is the one who killed his daughter. He holds him at gunpoint and demands he drive them to places where milestones in Delia's life occurred. While driving, Adam attempts to grab the gun as a shot is fired and the car drives off a ravine. One of them staggers away from the crash and collapses, revealed to be Billy. Nick and Paul Williams (Doug Davidson) find the overturned vehicle as it catches fire and explodes. Adam's body is thrown from the vehicle, is not recovered and he is presumed dead, devastating Chelsea just as news that Adam killed Delia breaks. However, Adam's bloody hand is later shown to be moving, alluding that he survived. Soon after, he is shown to be lying in a bed, being held captive by an unknown captor. Later Victor informs Chelsea that his investigators have found Adam's remains, but elsewhere Adam is seen paying off Victor's investigator, confirming that Adam has faked his death.


title: Adam Newman

text: In November 2014, Adam is revealed to be recovering from multiple facial reconstruction surgeries, and is in the care of Sage Warner (Kelly Sullivan). When Adam is told of Chelsea and Billy's new relationship he makes a plan to reunite with Chelsea and their son Connor. He eventually recovers enough to have the bandages removed from his face and it is revealed that his face had been replaced by Gabriel Bingham, the man who died saving Adam's life. Under the alias of Gabriel, Adam returns to Genoa City married to Sage to claim Gabe's inheritance from Constance Bingham and avoid law enforcement after he killed Billy's daughter. Posing as husband and wife, Gabriel (Adam) and Sage buy an apartment across the hall from Chelsea and her boyfriend, Billy. Billy later invites Sage and Adam to stay at the Abbott mansion, as their apartments caught fire, and he was suspicious that Adam, posing as Gabriel, was getting close to his now fiancée, Chelsea. Sage also gets involved with Adam's brother, Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow), she reveals to Nick that she is married to Gabriel but it is only a marriage of convenience. As the pair grow closer, one day Sharon walked in on them having sex and Nick's bar, the Underground. Sage later tells Adam that she is seeing Nick, and Adam is extremely taken aback yet unhappy. However, he uses this information to seek comfort from Chelsea, making her think that he is in love with Sage, and that she does not feel the same. Chelsea confronts Sage and demands an explanation. Sage tells Chelsea that she has been played this whole time, and that all the events that lead up to "Gabriel" and Chelsea's friendship was a scam. She hints to Chelsea that Gabriel isn't who she really thinks he is, almost revealing his true identity.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam and Sage meet up at the Athletic Club to meet with the attorney who is in charge of giving them Constance's inheritance. Sage lashes out at "Gabriel" in front of the attorney, tells him that he does not deserve the inheritance, and that she is filing for divorce. She later runs into Nick, tells her she has moved out and is divorcing Gabriel. After telling him that he's the reason why she has done this, they make love in her suite. Sage marries Nick and Adam reconnects with Chelsea - confessing his true identity. When the truth behind Adam's true identity comes out, it puts a brief strain on Sage's marriage to Nick. Sage becomes pregnant and when she accidentally sees Adam in Chancellor Park they have a heated argument. She goes into labor and Adam helps her deliver the premature baby Christian Newman. When Christian passes away suddenly in the weeks following his birth, it is revealed that Adam is the birth father of Christian, not Nick, unbeknownst to Sage's knowledge. Riddled with grief, Sage grows distant from Nick; the pair eventually reconcile and plan to adopt a child but it falls through. Sage then grows an attachment to Sharon's son, Sullivan, who is later discovered to actually be Christian; confronting Sharon, Sage demands her son be returned to her. When Sharon refuses, Sage leaves and attempts to find Nick. Becoming distracted while driving on her cell phone, Sage enters into a car accident; discovered by Sharon, Sage holds Christian in her arms for the final time before dying on April 29, 2016 from the wreck. For the next couple of weeks Sage appeared in Sharon's dreams, haunting Sharon to tell Nick that Sully is really Christian and Sharon confesses it to Nick.


title: Adam Newman

text: Adam and Chelsea slowly begin to piece their lives back together with plans to relocate to Paris, until Victor stepped in to sue for custody of Connor, keeping them in Genoa City. Adam would stand trial for his role in Delia's death. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. Upon leaving the courthouse, he was run over by an unknown assailant. Christine later found the car at a nearby motel. The car turned out to be a rental and it was revealed that Chloe Mitchell (Elizabeth Hendrickson) was behind the attack after Kevin Fisher (Greg Rikaart) found a surveillance picture that showed Chloe behind the wheel. Adam regains consciousness after the surgery and expressed no ill will towards Chloe.


title: Adam Newman

text: In August 2016, Chloe returned to Genoa City again to frame Adam for poisoning Constance Bingham. When Adam found the evidence to clear his name, it disappeared and he winds up in prison. Victor later helped Adam escape and planned to help Adam leave the country with Chelsea and Connor. Adam decided to let Nick care for and be a father to Christian. Adam and Chelsea escape with Connor to a cabin. Connor, at the time, was sick so Chelsea called Nick to help her get medication for Connor in town while Adam stayed at the cabin, seen as he was wanted and Chelsea didn't want him risked getting arrested. After Nick and Chelsea, Chloe appeared at the cabin and shot Adam with a tranquilizer gun. She then revealed that she had never forgiven him for Delia’s death and that she wanted him to suffer the same fate Delia did. When Chelsea returned with Nick, the cabin exploded and Adam was presumed dead as DNA evidence indicated that he was inside at the time.


title: Adam Newman

text: In April 2019, Victor met with a mysterious man in Las Vegas. Nikki becomes suspicious and wants to find out what Victor was hiding so she hires Rey Rosales (Jordi Vilasuso) to track him down. Sharon later joins Rey on his investigation and they both leave for Las Vegas. Later, Victor catches onto them and makes a surprise visit to their hotel room, where he revealed to Sharon that Adam is confirmed alive and survived the explosion at the cabin. He also said Adam has amnesia and has no memory prior to the explosion. He asked Sharon to meet with Adam to help him regain his memory and gave her Adam's phone number. Sharon later meets with Adam at an apartment after he texted her the location. The two talk about their past and how they were connected. Sharon then convinces Adam to return to Genoa City to see if his brain will trigger any memories, in which he agrees. Soon after Adam returns to town, he is shot by an unknown assailant, traumatizing him enough to gain his memories back. After recovering from surgery, he hires a private investigator to track down Chloe Mitchell, who he affirms shot him. Adam later finds out that Chelsea got re-married and that her new husband adopted Connor. Devastated by this news, he tries to get custody of his other son, Christian, who is fathered by Nick.


title: Adam Newman

text: "Soaps In Depth" reported that Engen quickly gained viewer support after joining the cast as Adam, as did the character's romance with Heather. The support continued when the character took a dark turn. Engen said, "To think there was any likability left in the character baffles me! I'm very grateful to the fans ... they've been so supportive." The actor said fans wanted Adam either redeemed or turned into a gray character. Davidson credited the character's likability to Engen's looks, saying, " ... he really nailed this character. Chris' all-American looks add another layer to this story: he looks like he regrets being so evil, but he can't help himself. When Chris informed me he was leaving, I told him he really accomplished something by being so likable playing this villain." Nelson Branco repeatedly praised Engen's acting and Adam's storyline with Ashley and Victor, saying, "[t]he Haunting of Ashley is fast becoming one of my favorite all-time soap storylines ever. It's so 1970s. I have no doubt former "Another World" master scribe and Paul Rauch BFF/frenemy, Harding Lemay, is freaking if he's watching this gothic, macabre and super-creepy mystery. Moreover, camp-ilicious Chris Engen (Adam) is stealing the story with his very bitchy, and sexy performance of a deranged son scorned." "Soaps In Depth" also commended Adam's storyline.<ref name="SID 04/13/08 Burn Notice"></ref> The magazine awarded Engen a gold star for portraying Adam as a gray character with "sardonic humor".<ref name="SID 6/08/09"></ref> "Soap Opera Digest" named Engen "performer of the week" for his final scenes as Adam, saying the actor "gave a performance that elevated Adam from an average villain to a complex mastermind".<ref name="SOD 7/28/09"></ref>


title: Adam Newman

text: The story of Adam causing Ashley's miscarriage was named "editor's choice" by the magazine.<ref name="SOD 7/7/09"></ref> Engen was nominated for a "SoapCentral" Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in 2009. Some fans were upset that Adam and Rafe's "sex scene" was implied rather than shown onscreen; Branco spoke out about the issue, saying, "[f]ilming a sex scene between a straight and gay man could come off as offensive. Firstly, Adam would have to appear uncomfortable in the situation which could anger gay right groups, etc." Muhney also approved of the decision not to show the sex scene, saying, "[f]or me, the way it was done was tasteful and it almost makes the audience wonder what exactly happened. You can create that in your head and try to interpret it by how the characters reacted afterwards."


title: Adam Newman

text: Muhney's performance in the role, has been met with critical acclaim, having garnered him his first nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2013. Branco referred to him "as the most-talked-about recast in "Y&R" history" and praised his debut performance on the show. Denette Wilford of "TV Guide Canada" also complimented the actor's portrayal of Adam, saying, "[v]iewers aren't supposed to empathize with him, but his portrayer managed to make it happena testament to Muhney." Michael Jensen of AfterElton.com wrote that viewers enjoyed the character as portrayed by Muhney. The actor said he received both positive and negative reviews from online fans. Paulette Cohn of About.com wrote that Adam was one of "daytime's best villains". Muhney's onscreen romance with Chelsea has received praise; Zap2it placed them at number three on their "Top 10 Soap Opera Couples of 2012" list. Writing for "Music Times", Cate Meighan observed that Muhney's performance kept "longtime fans glued to their television", noting that ratings dropped following his exit.


title: Adam Newman

text: Upon Grossman's casting in 2019, many discussed his noticeably younger appearance compared to his predecessors. Soaps.com editor Lori Wilson discussed this at length, suggesting that Grossman's casting brings the character back to his initial age-range, stating: "Recasting with a noticeably younger actor is a curious choice, but character-wise, a 32-year-old Adam is closer to the character’s real age than the other previous incarnations." The following year, the website cited Grossman's casting as one of the all-time best recasts on a soap opera.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot is a city and the district headquarters of the Pathankot district in Punjab, India. Pathankot is the 6th most populous city of Punjab, after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Bathinda. Its local government is a municipal corporation.


title: Pathankot

text: Situated in the picturesque foothills of Kangra and Dalhousie, with the river Chakki flowing close by, the city is often used as a rest-stop before heading into the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir, Dalhousie, Chamba, Kangra, Dharamshala, Mcleodganj, Jwalaji, Chintpurni and further into the Himalayas. Pathankot also serves as an education hub for the nearby areas of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Many rural students of these states come to Pathankot for education.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot is an ancient city and has historical significance. From various accounts; It may be believed that Audumbara was the name of it. Numerous coins of great antiquity found at Pathankot prove that it is one of the oldest sites in the Punjab (that has been divided after the partition in 1947). It must always have been a place of great significance as it is situated in the foot plains of the hills.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot was the capital of Nurpur State and its name was changed to Dhameri (Nurpur) during the Akbar reign. The Pathania clan of Rajput derived its name from Pathankot.


title: Pathankot

text: During partition, the initial plan by border demarcation committee was to place Pathankot (part of Gurdaspur district that time) into Pakistan and Shakargarh district into India. However, as a later fine tuning of decision vice versa was done i.e. Shakargarh district was given to Pakistan and Gurdaspur district (along Pathankot) was given to India.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot has an average elevation of . It is a green town surrounded by the Ravi and Chakki rivers. Shiwalik foothills on the south and east and snow-capped Himalayas in the back drop in north.


title: Pathankot

text: Government of Pathankot had constructed 4 public toilets in 2018 but they had been opened for only 6 days so as to get good rankings in surveys. You can find them at various places where they charge you 10/- but you can avail general conveniences in a clean environment


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot is well connected by rail and road with the rest of the country. Pathankot is connected by a vast network of private and public-sector bus services to other cities in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir. Important destinations include Delhi, Manali Chandigarh, Jammu, Dharamshala, Dalhousie and Amritsar. Pathankot is used as a gateway for Chamba and Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh and for various locations in Jammu and Kashmir like Jammu City Mansar Lake, Srinagar, Udhampur, Holy Cave at Amarnath, Patni Top and Holy Cave of Mata Vaishno Devi (Katra) 155 km away from Pathankot.


title: Pathankot

text: It has direct train links with Delhi, Jammu and other Indian cities. All trains going to Jammu pass through Pathankot Cantt Station. The important trains include Rajdhani, Swaraj Express, Pooja Express, Shri Shakti Express. Super fast trains do not enter Pathankot Station in City. The distance from Pathankot Junction & Pathankot Cant Railway station is just 4 km.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot Railway Station under A-category. Pathankot is a major railroad junction. Lines from Amritsar (2 hrs) and Delhi (8 hrs) merge here, and all services to Jammu (2 hrs) pass through. In addition to Pathankot station itself, there is a second station called Chakki Bank renamed Pathankot Cantt just 4 km away, which serves some express trains that do not stop in Pathankot station. Nowadays the majority of the Jammu trains stop only at Pathankot Cantt Railway Station and not at Pathankot Railway Station.


title: Pathankot

text: Pathankot is also served by the narrow-gauge Kangra Valley Railway (a.k.a. "Kangra Toy Train") built by the British, which crawls 128 km through stunning scenery to Joginder Nagar via Palampur and Kangra (near Dharamsala). However, the luxury "Kangra Queen" services were terminated in 2003, leaving about six departures daily of slow, often packed second class trains, taking over six hours. Bookings for these can only be done locally at Pathankot station. Some of these trains run to Baijnath Paprola and a few to Joginder Nagar. The main stations on this line include Kangra and Palampur, although Dalhousie and Dharmasala are not on the line. The town is the lower terminus of the Kangra Valley Railway, thereby connecting the mountainous regions of western Himachal Pradesh to the network of Indian Railways.