title: And I Love Her

text: Work began at 2:30pm on Tuesday 25 February 1964 (George Harrison's 21st birthday) for the first day of the sessions for the "Hard Day's Night" soundtrack and the accompanying album. Two takes were recorded. Take 1 was incomplete, but Take 2 was complete. However, the Beatles decided a lighter touch was required. Take 2 was eventually released on "Anthology 1" in 1995. This version was missing the middle-eight.


title: And I Love Her

text: The following day, Wednesday 26 February, a further 17 takes (Takes 3–19) were made in a session lasting from 7:00–10:00pm. Although Starr swapped his drums for bongos and claves halfway through the session, they were still not happy. It was during this session that they stopped for a tea break and to write the middle eight. A brief fragment of Take 11 can be heard in the closing credits of Episode 8 of "", where Paul sings "And if you saw my love, "I'd" love her [too]..." before the take breaks down.


title: And I Love Her

text: An additional two takes (Takes 20 and 21) were recorded on the morning of Thursday 27 February, beginning at 10:00am. Take 20 saw the basic track laid down, while Take 21 was an overdub of McCartney's double-tracked lead vocal and Starr's claves.


title: And I Love Her

text: This initial mono mix was made in the Abbey Road Studio One control room on Tuesday 3 March. As for the recording session, Martin and Smith were producer and engineer. The second engineer was A.B. Lincoln.


title: And I Love Her

text: The mix features McCartney's single-tracked vocal, with only selected phrases (for example, the title) highlighted by double tracking.


title: And I Love Her

text: This mix was sent to Capitol and United Artists on Tuesday 9 June, and released on the US mono version of the "Hard Day's Night" soundtrack album on Friday 26 June 1964. The stereo version of the album used a fake stereo version of this mono mix.


title: And I Love Her

text: This mix was also used on the mono version of the Capitol album "Something New", released on Monday 20 July 1964.


title: And I Love Her

text: This mix was also used on the film print of "A Hard Day's Night" except the speed was slower in a low pitch.


title: And I Love Her

text: This second mono mix was made in the Abbey Road Studio One control room on Monday 22 June. Martin and Smith were again producer and engineer. The second engineer was Geoff Emerick.


title: And I Love Her

text: In this mix, McCartney's vocal is double-tracked throughout, except for the first two lines of the third verse.


title: And I Love Her

text: A stereo mix of "And I Love Her" was made on Monday 22 June immediately after Mono Remix 2. As with Mono Remix 2, McCartney's vocal is double-tracked throughout, except for the first two lines of the third verse.


title: And I Love Her

text: This mix was also used on the stereo version of the Capitol album "Something New", released on Monday 20 July 1964.


title: And I Love Her

text: It can currently be found on the "A Hard Day's Night" CD, and as part of the "Capitol Albums Volume 1" box set.


title: And I Love Her

text: The German version of "Something New" contained an edited version of the 22 June stereo mix, repeating the closing guitar riff five times instead of three. This version also appeared on the American "Rarities" album in 1980. It is not known when this edit was made. It has not yet been released on CD.


title: And I Love Her

text: As with many Beatles songs, this has been covered by many artists of varying styles. Notably, Esther Phillips reversed the gender of the song in 1965; her "And I Love Him" reached No. 54 that year on the "Billboard" charts.


title: And I Love Her

text: An instrumental cover by Santo & Johnny topped the Mexican charts in 1965. Jazz pianist Brad Mehldau included an extended instrumental trio version on his 2016 album "Blues and Ballads", which an AllMusic review describes as "transfiguring the minor/major-key centers into something sweeping and operatic."


title: And I Love Her

text: The mash-up band Beatallica, who combine the music of the Beatles and Metallica, blended "And I Love Her" with "Am I Evil?", entitling it "And I'm Evil?".


title: And I Love Her

text: McCartney has played the song live on various tours. There have been two official releases of live versions, one by McCartney solo on 1991's "Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)" and another by the Beatles on "On Air – Live at the BBC Volume 2".


title: And I Love Her

text: An outtake from the original studio sessions, Take 2 recorded Feb. 25, 1964, was released on the 1995 issue of "Anthology 1".


title: And I Love Her

text: In 2015, a solo version by Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain was discovered, and subsequently used in his biopic, "". It was also released on the soundtrack album "" as well as a 7-inch vinyl single.


title: Food spoilage

text: Food spoilage is the process where a food product becomes unsuitable to ingest by the consumer. The cause of such a process is due to many outside factors as a side-effect of the type of product it is, as well as how the product is packaged and stored. Due to food spoilage, one-third of the world's food produced for the consumption of humans is lost every year. Bacteria and various fungi are the cause of spoilage and can create serious consequences for the consumers, but there are preventive measures that can be taken.


title: Food spoilage

text: Bacteria are responsible for some of the spoilage of food. When bacteria breaks down the food, acids and other waste products are generated in the process. While the bacteria itself may or may not be harmful, the waste products may be unpleasant to taste or may even be harmful to one's health.


title: Food spoilage

text: There are two types of pathogenic bacteria that target different categories of food. The first type is called "Clostridium botulinum" and targets food such as meat and poultry, and "Bacillus cereus", which targets milk and cream. When stored or subjected to unruly conditions, the organisms will begin to breed apace, releasing harmful toxins that can cause severe illness, even when cooked safely.


title: Food spoilage

text: "Fungi" have been seen as a method of food spoilage, causing only an undesirable appearance to food, however, there has been significant evidence of various fungi being a cause of death of many people spanning across hundreds of years in many places through the world. Fungi are caused by acidifying, fermenting, discoloring and disintegrating processes and can create fuzz, powder and slimes of many different colors, including black, white, red, brown and green.


title: Food spoilage

text: "Mold" is a type of fungus, but the two terms are not reciprocal of each other; they have their own defining features and perform their own tasks. Very well known types of mold are Aspergillus and Penicillium, and, like regular fungi, create a fuzz, powder and slime of various colors.


title: Food spoilage

text: "Yeast" is also a type of fungus that grows vegetatively via single cells that either bud or divide by way of fission, allowing for yeast to multiply in liquid environments favoring the dissemination of single celled microorganisms. Yeast forms mainly in liquid environments and anaerobic conditions, but being single celled, it oftentimes cannot spread on or into solid surfaces where other fungus flourish. Yeast also produces at a slower rate than bacteria, therefore being at a disadvantage in environments where bacteria are. Yeasts can be responsible for the decomposition of food with a high sugar content. The same effect is useful in the production of various types of food and beverages, such as bread, yogurt, cider, and alcoholic beverages.


title: Food spoilage

text: Signs of food spoilage may include an appearance different from the food in its fresh form, such as a change in color, a change in texture, an unpleasant odour, or an undesirable taste. The item may become softer than normal. If mold occurs, it is often visible externally on the item.


title: Food spoilage

text: Spoilage bacteria do not normally cause "food poisoning"; typically, the microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses are odorless and flavourless, and otherwise undetectable outside the lab.


title: Food spoilage

text: Eating deteriorated food could not be considered safe due to mycotoxins or microbial wastes. Some pathogenic bacteria, such as "Clostridium perfringens" and "Bacillus cereus", are capable of causing spoilage.


title: Food spoilage

text: Issues of food spoilage do not necessarily have to do with the quality of the food, but more so with the safety of consuming said food. However, there are cases where food has been proven to contain toxic ingredients. 200 years ago, Claviceps purpurea, a type of fungus, was linked to human diseases and 100 years ago in Japan, yellow rice was found to contain toxic ingredients.


title: Food spoilage

text: A number of methods of prevention can be used that can either totally prevent, delay, or otherwise reduce food spoilage. A food rotation system uses the first in first out method (FIFO), which ensures that the first item purchased is the first item consumed.


title: Food spoilage

text: Preservatives can expand the shelf life of food and can lengthen the time long enough for it to be harvested, processed, sold, and kept in the consumer's home for a reasonable length of time. One of the age old techniques for food preservation, to avoid mold and fungus growth, is the process of drying out the food or dehydrating it. While there is a chance of it developing a fungus targeted towards dried food products, the chances are quite low.


title: Food spoilage

text: Other than drying, other methods include salting, curing, canning, refrigeration, freezing, preservatives, irradiation, and high hydrostatic pressure: Refrigeration can increase the shelf life of certain foods and beverages, though with most items, it does not indefinitely expand it. Freezing can preserve food even longer, though even freezing has limitations. Canning of food can preserve food for a particularly long period of time, whether done at home or commercially. Canned food is vacuum packed in order to keep oxygen, which is needed by bacteria in aerobic spoilage, out of the can. Canning does have limitations, and does not preserve the food indefinitely. Lactic acid fermentation also preserves food and prevents spoilage.


title: Food spoilage

text: Food like meat, poultry, milk and cream should be kept out of the Danger Zone (between ). Anything between that range is considered dangerous and can cause pathogenic toxins to be emitted, resulting in severe illness in the consumer. Another way to keep food from spoiling is by following a four step system: Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: Cheap Trick at Budokan is the first live album by American rock band Cheap Trick, and their best-selling recording. It was first released in Japan on October 8, 1978, and later released in the United States on February 1979, through Epic Records. After several years of constant touring but only middling exposure for the band, "At Budokan" steadily grew off radio play and word-of-mouth to become a high-selling success, kickstarting the band's popularity and becoming acclaimed as one of the greatest live rock albums of all time and a classic of the power pop genre.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: It was ranked number 426 in the 2003 edition of "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of "the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In 2019, the album was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". An album featuring leftover tracks from the band's 1978 Budokan set, plus additional material from their 1979 tour of Japan, was released in 1994 as "Budokan II", and a two-disc reconstruction of the complete original Budokan performances, titled "At Budokan: The Complete Concert", was released to commemorate its twentieth anniversary in 1998.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: Cheap Trick found early success in Japan, and capitalized on this popularity by recording "Cheap Trick at Budokan" at the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo on April 28 and 30, 1978, with an audience of 12,000 screaming Japanese fans nearly drowning out the band at times. The album was intended for release only in Japan but with strong airplay of the promotional album "From Tokyo to You", an estimated 30,000 import copies were sold in the United States and the album was released domestically in February 1979. The album also introduced two previously unreleased original songs, "Lookout" and "Need Your Love". As stated by producer Jack Douglas, the audio from "Live at Budokan" is actually not from the Budokan, but from Osaka, which was a smaller show. The recording of the Budokan show was deemed unsuitable for release.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: An unusual aspect of the album release in the UK was the use of coloured vinyl, then primarily restricted to singles and EP's, and soon replaced as a marketing gimmick by so-called "picture discs". A prominently displayed sticker on the sleeve of "Live at Budokan" announced that it had been released on "kamikaze yellow vinyl", and, unlike most coloured discs, which were usually as opaque as the conventional black vinyl records, the disc in the album is translucent.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: When "Cheap Trick at Budokan" was first released on compact disc in the U.S., the first pressing contained a slightly different, possibly unpolished mix of the concert. Notably the guitar trade-offs of "Ain't That a Shame" were different from the vinyl release.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: In the U.S., the album peaked at number four on the "Billboard" 200 and became the group's best selling album with over three million copies sold. It also ranked number 13 on Billboard's Top Pop Albums of 1979 year-end chart. The single "I Want You to Want Me" reached number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The second single, a cover of Fats Domino's "Ain't That a Shame" also charted, reaching number 35. "Cheap Trick at Budokan" was certified triple Platinum in 1986 by the RIAA.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: In Canada, it went to number one, hitting the top of the "RPM" 100 Albums chart on August 11 of the same year. By November 1979, it had achieved quintuple platinum status (500,000 units) in that country.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: The album received mostly positive contemporary reviews. In the UK, Sandy Robertson from "Sounds", while critical of Jack Douglas' production, concluded that "Cheap Trick are melodic enough to please pop-obscurity fans, heavy enough to net the Aerosmith mob, wacky enough to be eye-catching and good enough to take on the world. Possibly the best hard rock band in the USA." Nick Kent in "NME" was more muted in his praise, writing that "Though it doesn't match up to "In Colour" as the best Cheap Trick initiation, "Budokan" is no disgrace. A live album of the old school – like "The Kinks Live At Kelvin Hall" or "Got Live If You Want It" – it's nothing essential or ground-breaking; just a fair approximation of the band in a live context." In the US, "Billboard", marking the album as a Top Album Pick, wrote that "With the fans behind them, the members of Cheap Trick put out its best, playing good hard and steady rock. Unlike so many current live LPs, the audience is always there, giving it more of a sense of space. The slight echo doesn't hurt the music."


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: In its official press release upon the album's entry into the National Recording Registry, the Library of Congress stated that, along with its success in the Japanese market, "Cheap Trick at Budokan" "proved to be the making of the band in their home country, as well as a loud and welcomed alternative to disco and soft rock and a decisive comeback for rock and roll." Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine has also stated that with this album, "Cheap Trick unwittingly paved the way for much of the hard rock of the next decade, as well as a surprising amount of alternative rock of the 1990s." In Pitchfork, Stuart Berman wrote on the album's success and influence, respectively, that ""At Budokan", is not just one of rock's greatest live albums, but also one of its most triumphant underdog tales, an exemplar of pre-internet viral phenomena," and that "for the Foo Fighters, Weezer, Smashing Pumpkins, Ted Leo, the Raconteurs—basically any band that's ever tried to weld a Beatlesque melody to a power chord—all roads lead back to "Budokan"." Further invoking comparison to the Beatles, Nwaka Onwusa, director of curatorial affairs at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, spoke with 1A on the parallels between Beatlemania in the United States and Cheap Trick's reception in Japan:


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: Budokan II was released in February 1994 as a sequel of the first album, consisting of the remaining tracks from the concert not included on the original album and the tracks "Stiff Competition", "On Top of the World", and "How Are You?", recorded in 1979 during their follow-up tour.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: An expanded version of the original album was released in 1998 as At Budokan: The Complete Concert, remastered and fully restored to include all the concert tracks left off the original album. This version of the album was performed in full at the Metro in Chicago on April 30, 1998, to coincide with the Complete Concert CD release.


title: Cheap Trick at Budokan

text: A 30th Anniversary Edition, Budokan! was released on November 11, 2008, as a four-disc set. In addition to the two-disc "Complete Concert", it includes a DVD and CD version of the concert from April 28, 1978. The filmed concert had originally been shown on Japanese TV, and was not previously commercially available. The original vinyl album is also to be reissued in conjunction with the 30th anniversary.


title: Individual Thought Patterns

text: Individual Thought Patterns is the fifth studio album by American death metal band Death, released on June 22, 1993, by Relativity Records. It is the only album by the band to feature guitarist Andy LaRocque, the first to feature drummer Gene Hoglan and the second and last to feature bassist Steve DiGiorgio. Manager Eric Greif described the album as "an angry record, angry lyrically", attributing it to his conflict with Chuck Schuldiner at the time.


title: Individual Thought Patterns

text: DiGiorgio recalled working with LaRocque as a notable experience: Schuldiner only wanted LaRocque to play solo sections, so he only sent LaRocque the few bars of the songs where the solo would be. LaRocque would then arrive at the studio without much preparation, and largely improvised the solos, impressing everyone. In a 2021 interview, LaRocque would downplay this account, saying that he did prepare multiple ideas and alternate melody lines for each solo.


title: Individual Thought Patterns

text: The album contains the track "The Philosopher", for which a music video was made that received significant airplay on MTV and was even featured on, and comically panned by, "Beavis and Butt-Head" where the duo mistake the boy in the video for "Jeremy" from the Pearl Jam video and mock Schuldiner's vocals. The album is included in "Guitar Player Magazine"s Metal Guitar albums top 20. The album was reissued and remixed by Relapse Records in October 2011.


title: Individual Thought Patterns

text: Jason Arnopp of "Kerrang!" in his positive review considered "Individual Thought Patterns" the band's best album since "Leprosy" from 1988, attributing it in parts to band leader Chuck Schuldiner's choice of personnel. Arnopp noted especially Gene Hoglan's drumming and the guitar work of Schuldiner and Andy LaRocque, concluding that together with bassist Steve Di Giorgio "they create an altogether heavier din than was the case with last year's 'Human' album, while still adding Trad Metal/Progressive touches in an almost surreal fashion."


title: Sophie, Princess of Prussia

text: Sophie, Princess of Prussia (born Princess Sophie Johanna Maria of Isenburg; 7 March 1978) is the wife of Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, head of the formerly-ruling House of Hohenzollern.


title: Sophie, Princess of Prussia

text: Princess Sophie Johanna Maria of Isenberg was born on 7 March 1978 in Frankfurt, West Germany, to Franz-Alexander, Prince of Isenburg (born 1943), and his wife, Countess Christine von Saurma zu der Jeltsch (born 1941).


title: Sophie, Princess of Prussia

text: Her father is head of a mediatized Catholic line of Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, who lost their independence in 1815. She has two sisters, Archduchess Katharina of Austria-Este and Isabelle, Dowager Princess of Wied, and two brothers, Alexander, Hereditary Prince of Isenberg, and Prince Viktor.


title: Sophie, Princess of Prussia

text: Growing up at Birstein Castle, the family seat in Hesse, Sophie studied at a primary school in Birstein and at "" in Fulda. She then attended the boarding school "Kloster Wald" and passed her A-Levels as well as a trade test as a dressmaker. Sophie studied Business Administration at the University of Freiburg and Humboldt University of Berlin and worked at a firm that offers consulting services for nonprofit business.


title: Sophie, Princess of Prussia

text: On 25 August 2011, Sophie civilly married Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, at Potsdam's "Stadthaus" by Jann Jakobs, Mayor of Potsdam. The religious wedding took place at the Church of Peace on 27 August 2011, in commemoration of the 950th anniversary of the founding of the House of Hohenzollern. The wedding was covered live by German broadcaster RBB. The 700 guests included: Prince Hassan bin Talal and Princess Sarvath al-Hassan of Jordan; Prince Laurent of Belgium; Lord and Lady Nicholas Windsor; and then Crown Princess Margareta of Romania. Following the ceremony, a reception was held on the grounds of the "Sanssouci" palace.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Dublin is a city in Franklin, Delaware and Union counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 49,328 in the 2020 census with a census estimate of 49,037 in 2019. Dublin is a suburb of Columbus. The city of Dublin hosts the yearly Memorial Tournament at the Muirfield Village Golf Club. The Dublin Irish Festival (called Dublin Irish Days in 2021) advertises itself as the largest three-day Irish festival in the world.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Native Americans from the Hopewell, Adena, Delaware, Shawnee, and Wyandot were among the first known inhabitants of the countryside that was to become Dublin, Ohio.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Wyandots had moved to the Ohio countryside after being decimated by disease and a disastrous war with the Five Nations of the Iroquois in their homeland near Georgian Bay. In 1794, General Anthony Wayne defeated the Wyandots and other Ohio American Indian peoples at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, leading to the Wyandot surrendering most of their land in Ohio with the signing of the Treaty of Greenville.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Chief Shateyaronyah, an important leader known to locals as "Leatherlips", signed the Treaty of Greenville on August 3, 1795, and encouraged cooperation with white settlers near the end of his life. That policy of accommodating Europeans led to conflict with a movement led by two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet). Tenskwatawa reacted strongly against Leatherlips and condemned him to death for signing away native lands, and for "witchcraft". More likely was that this was for his refusal to join the Shawnee. Rather than break the pledge that he signed in 1795, Leatherlips was killed in 1810. The Leatherlips sculpture in Scioto Park was created to honor Chief Shateyaronyah in 1990.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: After the Revolutionary War, the United States Government gave of land along the Scioto River to Lieutenant James Holt as payment for his service. In 1802, Peter and Benjamin Sells from Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, purchased of this land for their brother, John. Today, the site of the John Sells' original purchase is known as Historic Dublin.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: In 1808, John Sells brought his family to the region, and by 1810, he had begun to survey lots for the new village with his business partner, an Irish gentleman named John Shields. According to historians, Shields is responsible for naming the town after his birthplace:


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: In 1970, Dublin was still a small town with only 681 residents. However, the construction of Interstate 270 facilitated a population boom, spearheaded by the acquisition of major corporate headquarters such as Ashland Inc and Wendy's International. In addition, the growth of the Muirfield Village Golf Club and its residential subdivision attracted numerous affluent citizens to the rapidly growing suburb. It was then officially declared a city in August 1987, after reaching a population of 5,000 residents. As part of this boom Dublin significantly expanded its area, annexing parts of Washington, Perry, Concord, and Jerome townships.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: In 2017, out of over 15,000 towns and neighborhoods in the U.S., Dublin was ranked 6th best place to live in the United States. In 2020, Wallethub ranked Dublin the 12th Best Small City in America.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: In 2020, the city began redeveloping the Bridge Street District. The project includes 400 apartments and condominiums, retail, offices, and other space along the Scioto River.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Scioto River passes through Dublin. In this area the river and its tributaries cut deep gorges through the limestone bedrock, and the riverbed is stony. Some of these tributaries feature waterfalls.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Located on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, Dublin has a relatively flat topography. Nevertheless, there are numerous ravines surrounding the tributaries of the Scioto River, which make for steep cliffs in some areas. Elevations range from above sea level where the Scioto River leaves the city at Hayden Run Road, while the high point is at Glacier Ridge Metro Park.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Dublin is home to the headquarters of several companies, the largest of which is Cardinal Health, the company with the fifteenth-highest revenue out of any US company in 2022. IGS Energy, Stanley Steemer, Wendy's and Online Computer Library Center are all headquartered in Dublin as well. Pacer International, a larger intermodal logistics provider, was headquartered in Dublin until its acquisition by XPO Logistics on March 31, 2014. OhioHealth also has significant operations in the Dublin area through the Dublin Methodist Hospital.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: According to the City's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: According to a 2012 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $114,183, and the median income for a family was $138,590. Males had a median income of $75,279 versus $43,903 for females. The per capita income for the city was $41,122. About 2.1% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 41,751 people, 14,984 households, and 11,656 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 15,779 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 80.5% White, 1.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 15.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: As of 2010, the Asian population is: 6.9% Indian, 3.1% Chinese, 2.6% Japanese, 1.3% Korean, 0.2% Vietnamese.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: There were 14,984 households, of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.5% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.2% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.21.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 29.7% were from 45 to 64, and 7.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 31,392 people, 11,209 households, and 8,675 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,486.1 people per square mile (573.9/km). There were 12,038 housing units at an average density of 569.9 per square mile (220.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 89.66% White, 1.73% African American, 0.08% Native American, 7.36% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: There were 11,209 households, out of which 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.24.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: As of 2011 Dublin has the highest concentration of Asians of any Ohio city. As of 2013 many Japanese expatriates working at Honda offices in the area live in Dublin. As of that year, in some subdivisions in Dublin, Japanese make up 20–30% of the residents. The community includes Japanese restaurants. A Coldwell Banker real estate agent named Akiko Miyamoto stated in "Car Talk" that the services provided for Japanese speakers by the Dublin City School District attract Japanese expatriates to Dublin.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Honda first established operations in Marysville in 1979. Japanese people began living in Dublin and other suburbs instead of Marysville because Dublin established a support system for Japanese residents and the suburbs offered Saturday schools for Japanese residents. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, 1,071 Japanese people live in Dublin, making up 2.6% of the city's population. And also as of 2010, 122 Japanese live in Union County, making up 0.2% of the county's population; Marysville is in this county. Holly Zachariah of "The Columbus Dispatch" stated that "It has been that way historically." According to the "2013 Japanese Direct Investment Survey" by the Consulate-General of Japan in Detroit, Dublin had 2,002 Japanese nationals, giving it the highest such population in the state.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Dublin City School District has three high schools (Coffman, Scioto, and Jerome), five middle schools (Sells, Davis, Grizzell, Karrer, and Eversole) and fifteen elementary schools. The 2020–2021 school-year enrollment for the district was 16,254.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Hilliard City School District also serves a portion of the community. The Hilliard district operates one school, Washington Elementary School, in the city limits.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Area private schools include St. Brigid of Kildare Catholic School in Dublin, Meadows Academy, and St. Brendan School in Hilliard.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Columbus State Community College, Ohio Dominican University, University of Dayton, and Franklin University have branches in the city.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Dublin Branch of the Columbus Metropolitan Library is located in the city. Nearby libraries include the Northwest Library and the Hilliard Branch.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Columbus Japanese Language School, a Japanese supplementary school, holds its classes in Marysville, and has its school office in Worthington. In March 2020 the school was intending to rent space at Glacier Ridge Elementary School in Dublin. It was held online for a year prior to it beginning its Marysville location in September 2021.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Dublin features of parks, including of scenic bike trails and 65+ developed parks with wooded natural areas and river frontage. Several Dublin parks are located along the Scioto River, including the two Dublin Kiwanis Riverway parks. The river is accessible at several points for small watercraft, and the nearby Griggs and O'Shaughnessy reservoirs allow motorboating and sailing.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Located on the outskirts of Dublin, Glacier Ridge Metro Park provides amenities and facilities for biking, disc golf, horseback riding, and picnicking. This park is not a part of the City of Dublin's parks, rather a unit of the Columbus and Franklin County Metroparks.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Several of Dublin's parks are home to a unique assortment of outdoor sculptures—part of the Art in Public Places collection, established by the Dublin Arts Council. In 1988, the council developed the program to enhance the quality of life for residents and to establish a public art tour throughout the city to attract visitors. It has since become a nationally recognized program. The series includes a tall stone portrait of local legend "Leatherlips"; "Field of Corn", featuring 109 human-sized cement ears of corn that stand in one Dublin field; and a copper house that honors the region's Native American culture.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Ballantrae Park is located at the entrance of its namesake subdivision. Sitting upon a tall hillock, there is a bronze sculpture called "Dancing Hares" or "Giant Dancing Rabbits". An interactive play fountain is found at the base of the hill.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Annual events include: St. Patrick's Day Parade, The Memorial Tournament, Memorial Day Ceremony, Independence Day Celebration, Dublin Irish Festival (the largest 3-day Irish festival in the world), Halloween Spooktacular, Veteran's Day Ceremony and Tree Lighting.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Each year since 1976, in late May or early June, Muirfield Village Golf Club hosts the Memorial Tournament, a stop on golf's PGA Tour. The Muirfield Village Golf Club has hosted the 1987 The Ryder Cup and the 2013 The President's Cup, Tartan Fields Golf Club hosted the LPGA's Wendy's Championship for Children from 2002 through 2006, and the Riviera Golf Club (closed in 2014) was home to the American-Italian Golf Association.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Approximately 35% of Dublin residents affiliate with some religious organization. As such, Dublin is home to many religious organizations, two of which own buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (Dublin Community Church and Saint John Lutheran Church). Diocesan Publications, a secular company that specializes in producing Catholic parish bulletins among other products, has an office in Dublin. Ohio Dominican University and the University of Dayton, both Catholic universities, have branch campuses in Dublin.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The suburban city is primarily accessed by car, with the main expressways serving the city being Interstate 270 (locally known as "the Outerbelt") and State Route 161 west of its interchange with 270. In the south, U.S. Route 33 flows through the city and runs concurrently with 161 between a roundabout in the center of Dublin and an interchange near a satellite campus of Ohio University. 161 and US 33 act as one of the main non-interstate roads through the historic part of Dublin. Additionally, Ohio State Route 257 runs from downtown Dublin's roundabout with 161 and US 33 to the city's north, and running parallel on the other side of the Scioto river is Ohio State Route 745, which also has a southern terminus in the historic part of Dublin. The Dublin Link, a pedestrian and cycling bridge, opened in March 2020.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: The Central Ohio Transit Authority provides bus service in parts of the city: route 33 to parts of downtown and the Bridge Street District, while the rush hour route 73 provides express service from commercial areas to Downtown Columbus during rush hour periods.


title: Dublin, Ohio

text: Dublin's closest airport is the Ohio State University Airport, though general aviation and not regularly-scheduled commercial flights occur through the airport. Commercial flights to and from Dublin are handled mostly through John Glenn International Airport near the Columbus suburb of Gahanna, with a small amount of commercial flights flowing through Rickenbacker International Airport.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Funhouse is the fifth studio album by American singer and songwriter Pink, released by LaFace Records worldwide on October 24, 2008. The album debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 180,000 copies in its first week and reached number one on the charts in seven countries including Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. "Funhouse" has sold 7 million copies worldwide.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Singles from the album include the international number-one single "So What", "Sober", "Please Don't Leave Me", "Funhouse", "I Don't Believe You", and "Glitter in the Air". "Funhouse" earned Pink three Grammy Award nominations and five MTV Video Music Award nominations. "Funhouse" was re-released in late 2009 to include a bonus DVD, and was accompanied by the release of "", a live album taped during Pink's Australian leg of the Funhouse Tour.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Pink has stated that this album is her most vulnerable to date. Much of the album's subject matter alludes to the fact that Moore had recently separated from her husband, Carey Hart. The first single, "So What", opens with: "I guess I just lost my husband/I don't know where he went". "Please Don't Leave Me" also addresses the split. The artist sums up its theme thus: "Okay, I'm an asshole, but love me anyway." In "Mean", she sings, "It was good in the beginning/but how did we get so mean?"


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The song that Moore is the most proud of is "Crystal Ball". She said about the track: "I recorded it in one take and we didn't mix it. It just went straight to master. It was all about a vibe and not about perfection or being polished. I just love that song and I loved recording it." She wrote the song with Billy Mann, who also aided her with the songs "Stupid Girls", "Dear Mr. President" and "I'm Not Dead" (all 2006), among others.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: In "It's All Your Fault", Pink blames her lover for giving her hopes of a love relationship, then simply giving up on her. She proclaims in the lyrics "I conjure up the thought of being gone, but I'd probably even do that wrong." In "Glitter in the Air", Pink asks many questions such as, "Have you ever looked fear in the face and said I just don't care?", and "Have you ever hated yourself for staring at the phone?" Pink admits, "I still don't have some of the answers to the questions I pose on this record. I'm still figuring it all out."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The track "Sober", which is the album's second single, was written by Pink at a party hosted at her home, where everyone was drunk or drinking except for her, and she wanted them all to leave. She went to the beach and had a line in her head saying "How do I feel so good sober?". Eventually it had nothing to do with alcohol but with identities. "How do I feel so good with just me, without anyone to lean on?", Pink said in an interview.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: "Ave Mary A" deals with world issues and problems. "One Foot Wrong" talks about an acid trip that went wrong, but also has an underlying theme. "That song is also about losing control and how easy it is to lose the plot in life and teeter on the edge."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Originally, Pink wanted to call her album "Heartbreak Is a Motherfucker", but her record label declined because of a fear that offensive language would affect sales. She also said that she did not want the album to look like a break-up album; "There is a lot of that [break-up], but there is fun happening too and that's why I named it "Funhouse" in the end." Pink has also stated that she sees life as a carnival: "Clowns are supposed to be happy, but they are really scary. Carnivals are supposed to be fun, but really they are kind of creepy." [...] "and that's like life to me, and love. Love is supposed to be fun, but it can sometimes be really scary. And the funhouse mirrors that make you look so distorted that you don't recognize yourself and you ask yourself, 'How did I get here? How do I get out of here?' But, you think that you want to do it again. That is the same as love and life. It's a metaphor for being in love and for life." This also shows in the title track "Funhouse" where she tells that it used to be fun. "It's about when the box you're in doesn't fit anymore, burn that fucker down and start a new one."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Pink wrote and recorded approximately 30 to 35 songs for "Funhouse". "It's like getting rid of your children: 'I like that one too, but I'm going to let that one die,'" she said of choosing the album's tracks. "The good thing now is that different countries want extra songs and B-sides, so there's always a home for the other kids."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Pink traveled internationally to write and record the album, working with Eg White in London and with Max Martin in Stockholm. "It was really good to get out of my house and get away from my life. No distractions. No phones", Pink said of her sessions outside the U.S.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The song was written by Pink, in collaboration with Max Martin and Shellback, about her separation. The song is the album's lead single, released in August 2008. It has become Pink's biggest success to date, peaking at number one in eleven countries around the world. It is also Pink's first solo single to top the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: On November 3, 2008, the song was released as the second single from the album. It was written by Pink, Nate "Danja" Hills, Kara DioGuardi and Marcella Araica, and produced by Danja, Kanal and Jimmy Harry. Promotion for the song included a November 23 performance at the American Music Awards. The song's video, directed by Jonas Åkerlund, premiered November 25 on Pink's official YouTube channel. The B-side for the single is the non-album track "When We're Through", co-written by Pink and Butch Walker.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The song's release date was changed after its music video and cover art were leaked online. It was released in January 2009 in Australia and in March 2009 in the United States. It reached the Top 20 in several countries and received a Platinum certification from RIAA for one million units sold, all despite the several issues which accompanied its release.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The song was released as the fourth single in Australia, promoting the arrival of the Australian leg of the Funhouse Tour. It was sent to Australian radio in April 2009 and a CD single was released in May 2009. The song became a huge success in Oceania despite the absence of a music video, reaching the Top 10 in both Australia and New Zealand. It was released as a single in Germany on March 26, 2010. It manage to reach number 26 on Germany's official Singles Chart.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: It was announced that "Funhouse" will be the fourth worldwide single. It was released in the UK on August 3, 2009, and in the U.S. on August 25, 2009. The music video premiered on June 20, 2009, in the United Kingdom on 4music at 11:00am. Tony Kanal of No Doubt, also the co-writer and the producer of the song, appears in the music video, playing a piano. "Funhouse" became the lowest "Billboard" charter, reaching #44, until the release of "I Don't Believe You" which failed to chart.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: "I Don't Believe You" was announced as the fifth worldwide single from the album. It was released in the U.S. on October 5, 2009, to Hot AC radio, it failed to enter the "Billboard" Hot 100, making it Pink's least successful single in the U.S. The song is considered to be Pink's most vulnerable to date and is about her husband Carey Hart, as are most of the songs on the album. Pink performed the song on February 5, 2010, on "The Oprah Winfrey Show".


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Pink performed "Glitter in the Air" on January 31, 2010, at the 52nd Grammy Awards, where she received for her performance a standing ovation. Also, many celebrities and media outlets praised her performance. The song was immediately delivered digitally to radio as a new single by Jive Records before the Grammy broadcast was even over. On the February 20, 2010, issue of "Billboard", the song debuted on the Hot 100 at #18, Pink's second highest debut after "So What", as well as her seventh entry from "Funhouse", which gives the song credit for raising the sales of the album and pulling it back to the Top 20 on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: The track was released as a radio-only single in Australia and peaked at #10 on the Australian Airplay Chart. It was featured on the . It was the 24th most played track on Australian radio in 2010. It never charted on the ARIA Singles Chart.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: European, Australian and North American tour dates for the Funhouse Tour were announced to support the album in early 2009. The first leg of the Funhouse Tour would go throughout Europe. Pink later did a 3-month stint in Australia. The third leg of the tour took place in North America, with 11 dates in the United States and 1 date in Canada. The fourth leg consisted of 3 months around Europe, starting in Dublin, Ireland on October 14 and finishing December 20 in Hannover, Germany.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Pink broke her own record in Australia where she sold-out seventeen shows in Melbourne (more than any other city). Melbourne also had the most tickets and had the biggest revenue. Pink also sold out seven consecutive shows in Sydney in a collective week, all within forty minutes. The overwhelming demand for shows in Australia made Pink surpass her record-breaking run of 35 sold-out shows achieved on the 2007 Australian leg of the I'm Not Dead Tour. The Funhouse Tour made 58 shows in Australia, which made Pink the most successful artist to ever tour the country. Other records broken by the tour included the most shows at the Sydney Entertainment Centre and Brisbane Entertainment Centre.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Also, the tour dates announced in the US would become the first time that Pink would tour in her home country since 2006. The first show was held in Seattle in September 2009 and twelve dates later the US leg of the tour ended in New York City.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: "Funhouse" has a score of 69 out of 100 from Metacritic based on 20 "generally favorable" reviews. Sydney's "The Daily Telegraph" gave it 4.5 stars, writing, "The record is a balanced blend of upbeat pop gems and midtempo ballads [...] The power of Pink's pop lies in the clever juxtaposition of heartfelt honesty about her life with anthematic choruses and irresistible melodies tailormade to be screamed out by her fans."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Other positive reviews were published by "US Magazine", which gave the album four stars, saying "The rebellious Grammy winner again fuses unrestrained lyrics with perfect pop-rock hooks on her electrifying fifth CD. From her aggressive No. 1 hit 'So What' to the vulnerable 'Please Don't Leave Me' and the openhearted ballad 'I Don't Believe You', Pink confirms she's still in excellent fighting shape." In his Consumer Guide, Robert Christgau picked out the single from the album, "So What", as a "choice cut".


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Less favorable reviews came from sources such as "Rolling Stone" and "Blender", each giving the album three stars. "Rolling Stone" stated, "Pink has shown more personality before, and some cuts, including the goopy ballad "I Don't Believe You", make her sound like just another big-voiced chart-buster. "Funhouse" would be more fun if Pink went easier on the bad-love songs."


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: Four versions of "Funhouse" were released to the U.S. iTunes Store: two versions of the original, one explicit and one clean; two versions of the deluxe, one explicit and one clean.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: "Funhouse" debuted at number two on the United States "Billboard" 200 chart issued on November 18, 2008, with sales of 180,000, behind AC/DC's Wal-Mart exclusive, "Black Ice", which claimed the top spot with its second-week sales of 271,000. In March 2009, it was certified platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over 1,000,000 copies, and as of June 2012, the album has sold 1,960,000 copies in the United States. It was Pink's highest-charting album in that country, until her sixth album "The Truth About Love" debuted at number one.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: In Australia, record shops broke embargo and placed "Funhouse" on sale one day before its official release date; with only one day of sales, it became the fourth-highest selling album of the week, shifting 7,120 copies. "Funhouse" debuted officially at number one in Australia, and sold 86,273 units that week (the highest first week sales of 2008). "Funhouse" spent nine consecutive weeks at number one and has been certified 11× platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for 770,000 copies sold. The album ended both 2008 and 2009 as the second highest selling album of the year in Australia, and was reported in 2010 to be the second most successful album of the 2000–2009 decade.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: In the United Kingdom, the album sold over 37,100 copies in its first day and 83,000 copies in its first five days. "Funhouse" became her first number-one album in the UK, entering at number one on November 2, 2008, and has been certified 4× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for selling over 1,200,000 copies. "Funhouse" was the ninth biggest selling record of 2008, and the eleventh biggest seller of 2009.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: "Funhouse" debuted at number one in the Netherlands, New Zealand (certified 3× Platinum), and Switzerland (certified 3× Platinum) In Germany, "Funhouse" debuted at number two.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: There, it is the sixth best-selling album of 2009 and the twenty-third best-selling album of 2010, shipping more than 1,000,000 copies as of June 2010. It is certified 4× Platinum.


title: Funhouse (Pink album)

text: With the release of The Tour Edition, a live album was released featuring live performances of twelve songs, plus "Push You Away", a studio track which was previously unreleased; the song is also included on The Tour Edition. While the DVD includes 23 live performances, including 2 bonus performances. A Blu-ray version of the DVD was also released. The album and DVD were recorded in Sydney, Australia on July 17 and July 18.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: "Because You Loved Me" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion from her fourth English-language studio album, "Falling into You" (1996). It was released on 19 February 1996 as the first single in North America and as the second single in the United Kingdom on 20 May 1996. "Because You Loved Me" was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster, and served as the theme song from the 1996 film "Up Close & Personal", starring Robert Redford and Michelle Pfeiffer. "Billboard" ranked it as the 14th Top Love Song Of All Time.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: "Because You Loved Me" received critical acclaim and became a worldwide hit, reaching number one in the United States, Canada and Australia, and reaching top ten in many other countries. In the United States alone, it has sold over two million copies. "Because You Loved Me" won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media, and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The single sold more than five million copies in its first six months of availability worldwide.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: "Because You Loved Me" was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster. Both Warren and Foster worked with Dion on her previous English-language albums. The song is a downtempo pop ballad in which the singer thanks a loyal loved one for guiding, encouraging, and protecting her throughout her life, and making her who she is today. Warren said that the song was a tribute to her father. "Because You Loved Me" served as the theme song from the 1996 film "Up Close & Personal", starring Robert Redford and Michelle Pfeiffer. However, the song was not included on the film's soundtrack. "Because You Loved Me" was released as the first single from "Falling into You" in North America. It was issued as the second single in the United Kingdom (May 1996), after "Falling into You".


title: Because You Loved Me

text: The song is written in the key of D major with a slow tempo of 60 beats per minute. Dion's vocals span from A to A in the song. The final chorus is set in E major.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: "Because You Loved Me" received positive reviews from most music critics. "The Advocate" described it as a "big ballad" and an "emotional roller coaster". Senior editor of AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised ballads like "Because You Loved Me" on the "Falling into You" album. Larry Flick from "Billboard" wrote that it is, "rife with grand romance, larger-than-life production, and a climax that is best described as the musical equivalent to 4th of July fireworks". Another "Billboard" editor, Paul Verna also highlighted the song. Daina Darzin from "Cash Box" declared it as "a classic Adult Contemporary ballad, [with] sparkling, lush instrumentals showcasing Dion's effortless, accomplished voice. This tune's in line to follow the success of material from "Waiting To Exhale" and other romantic blockbusters." Dave Sholin from the "Gavin Report" wrote, "How about this daring prediction: It'll be one of the first major hits of 1996! An expected Celine Dion media blitz this spring is certain to take her and this project far into the next galaxy". "The Hartford Courant" noted it as a "luxurious love song". A reviewer from "Music Week" rated it five out of five, adding that it "tugs the heartstrings like a surefire winner." Stephen Holden of "The New York Times" praised the song, calling it this year's "Wind Beneath My Wings". "Richmond Times-Dispatch" picked "Because You Loved Me" as one of the best songs on "Falling into You". Christopher Smith from TalkAboutPopMusic described it as a "beautiful, soulful ballad in her own inimitable way" and noted that Dion "turns on the power over the final choruses."


title: Because You Loved Me

text: In the United States, "Because You Loved Me" became Dion's second number one single, after "The Power of Love" in 1994. It topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for six consecutive weeks and ended the reign at the top of "One Sweet Day" by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men. "Because You Loved Me" also topped the Adult Contemporary Singles for nineteen weeks and set a record for most weeks at number one on this chart. In the following years, only five songs spent more time at the top, including Dion's own "A New Day Has Come" in 2002 (twenty-one weeks). "Because You Loved Me" also reached number one on other US charts, including Hot 100 Airplay for fourteen weeks, Adult Top 40 for twelve weeks, Hot Singles Sales for six weeks and Mainstream Top 40 for five weeks. In April 1996, it was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling one million copies in the US. , "Because You Loved Me" has sold 1,343,000 physical copies and 704,000 digital units, for a total of 2,047,000 copies. According to "Billboard", "Because You Loved Me" is Dion's biggest "Billboard" Hot 100 hit, followed by "It's All Coming Back to Me Now," also from "Falling into You". By the end of the 1996, "Because You Loved Me" was the most played music video on VH1 Music Fest, 21st most played on MTV Music Television, 16th most played on Much Music and 11th most played on MOR Music.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: In Canada, "Because You Loved Me" topped "The Record" Singles Chart for one week in May 1996 and also spent ten weeks at number one on the "RPM" Adult Contemporary Chart. It became the number-one song on the "RPM" Adult Contemporary 1996 Year-end Chart. "Because You Loved Me" also topped the chart in Australia for three weeks and reached number two in Ireland, number three in New Zealand and Switzerland, number four in the Netherlands, number five in the United Kingdom and Belgium Flanders, and number eight in Denmark.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number five and became the album's most popular track with 27 million streams, 366,000 physical CD sales and 163,000 downloads as of March 2021.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: It was certified 2× Platinum in Australia, Platinum the United Kingdom and New Zealand, Gold in Germany and is eligible for Silver in France. As one of Dion's biggest hits, "Because You Loved Me" was included on her both greatest hits compilations: "All the Way... A Decade of Song" (1999) and "" (2008). According to "Billboard", as of November 2019 "Because You Loved Me" had over 154.7 million on-demand streams in the United States, becoming her second most streamed song in the country.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: At the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, "Because You Loved Me" was nominated for Record of the Year, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, Song of the Year and won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. At the Juno Awards of 1997, "Because You Loved Me" was nominated for the Juno Award for Single of the Year. It was also nominated for four Billboard Music Awards in 1996 in categories: Hot 100 Singles, Hot 100 Singles Airplay, Hot Adult Contemporary Singles & Tracks and Hot Adult Top 40 Singles & Tracks. Additionally, "Because You Loved Me" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favourite Song from a Movie. It also won the ASCAP Film and Television Music Award for Most Performed Song from Motion Picture and the ASCAP Pop Awards for Most Performed Song in 1997, 1998 and 1999.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: A music video was created for the song and showed Dion singing in a newsroom surrounded by several TV monitors (which is where the majority of the film takes place) interspersed with clips from the film "Up Close & Personal". It was directed by Kevin Bray in January 1996 and released in March 1996.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: At the height of the song's popularity, it was played during the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team's spring game on 20 April 1996 for a football montage video tribute to quarterback Brook Berringer, who had died two days earlier in a plane crash.


title: Because You Loved Me

text: During the promotion of "Falling into You", Dion performed "Because You Loved Me" on various television shows in the United States, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. She also performed it at the Blockbuster Entertainment Awards and World Music Awards in 1996, and most notably at the 69th Academy Awards in March 1997. "Because You Loved Me" became a part of the Falling Into You Around the World Tour, Let's Talk About Love World Tour and Taking Chances World Tour. It was also performed during Dion's two Las Vegas shows, "A New Day..." and "Celine". The live performances of "Because You Loved Me" were included on "Live in Memphis" (1998), "All the Way... A Decade of Song & Video" (2001), "A New Day... Live in Las Vegas" (2004), "" (2007) and "" (2010). Dion performed "Because You Loved Me" during her Summer Tour 2016, her 2017 European tour, and 2018 tour. On 5 July 2019, Dion performed "Because You Loved Me" during her BST Hyde Park concert in London, and continued performing the song on her Courage World Tour.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: José Alfredo Jiménez Sandoval (; 19 January 1926 – 23 November 1973) was a Mexican singer-songwriter of rancheras, whose songs are considered the basis of modern Mexican music.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: Jiménez was born in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico. He was discovered in 1948 by the singer Miguel Aceves Mejía and according to him he did not play an instrument and did not even know the Spanish word for "waltz" or what keys his songs were in.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: One day in 1948, Miguel Aceves Mejía and some friends arrived for dinner to a restaurant called La Sirena, in Santa Maria de la Rivera. The clerk came to him and asked: “Don Miguel. I'm a waiter because of necessity, but I compose songs. Would you like to hear some? Maybe you like them”. The waiter was José Alfredo Jiménez.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: Miguel asked him to look for him at the Radio Station XEW, where he had an audition called "Amanecer Ranchero" together with the Mariachi Vargas and Rubén Fuentes. A few days later, José Alfredo arrived to the radio and started singing a capella his songs “Ella” and some more. Don Miguel was impressed and promised to support him and record his songs. He recorded "Ella, "Yo", "Serenata huasteca" and "Tu Recuerdo y yo". The first ever songs of José Alfredo Jiménez to be recorded.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: After this promising beginning, he composed more than 1,000 songs. Among the most famous are "Yo", "Me equivoqué contigo", "Ella", "Paloma querida","Que se me acabe la Vida ", "Tú y la mentira", "Media vuelta", "El Rey", "Sin sangre en las venas", "El jinete", "Si nos dejan", "Amanecí en tus brazos", "Llegando a ti", "Tu recuerdo y yo", El hijo del pueblo", "Cuando el destino", "El caballo blanco", "Llegó borracho el Borracho" and "Que te vaya bonito", as well as "Camino de Guanajuato", where he sang about his home state of Guanajuato.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: In addition to his own recordings, many of his songs have been recorded by renowned artists from around the Spanish-speaking world, most notably by the following artists: Selena, which she sang "Cuando Nadie Te Quiera", Miguel Aceves Mejía, Enrique Bunbury, Antonio Aguilar, Tania Libertad, Luis Aguilar, Lola Beltrán, Vikki Carr, Gualberto Castro, Rocío Dúrcal, Alejandro Fernández, Pedro Fernández, Vicente Fernández, Los Relámpagos del Norte con Cornelio Reyna y Ramón Ayala, Los Tigres del Norte, Manolo García, Little Joe Hernández & The Latinaires, Julio Iglesias, Pedro Infante, the Mexican rock group Maná, Luis Miguel, Jorge Negrete, Sunny Ozuna & The Sunliners, María Dolores Pradera, Javier Solís, and Chavela Vargas. In addition, Joaquín Sabina paid homage to Jiménez with his song, "Por el Bulevar de los Sueños Rotos" ("On the Boulevard of Broken Dreams"). The country artist Luke Tan recorded a disc of his favorite Jiménez songs in Spanish, including some English translations.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: Like many of his contemporary stars, such as Jorge Negrete, Pedro Infante, and Javier Solís, Jiménez died young. He was only forty-seven years old when he died in Mexico City, of complications resulting from cirrhosis of the liver.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: One of his last appearances on Mexican television occurred in 1973, just months prior to his death, where he introduced his last song, "Gracias", accompanied by his wife, singer Alicia Juarez. It was his way of thanking the public for all of the affection they had shown him throughout his career as one of the most prolific and highly regarded composers and singers Mexico has ever produced.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: In 2018, Jiménez was posthumously awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year for "¡México Por Siempre!" by Luis Miguel. Jiménez received the accolade due to the fact six of the fourteen tracks in the album were composed by him, thus making Jiménez eligible for the award.


title: José Alfredo Jiménez

text: Jiménez is buried in his hometown of Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato. His tomb, the "Mausoleum of José Alfredo Jiménez", is in the shape of a traditional shawl and sombrero, much like the ones Jiménez would wear during his performances.


title: Gao Weiguang

text: Gao Wei Guang (, born 16 January 1983) is a Chinese actor and supermodel. He is known for his lead roles in hit dramas , "Eternal Love Of Dream", etc.


title: Gao Weiguang

text: Gao debuted as a model after winning 2nd place in New Silk Road Model Look competition in 2006. He continued his career as a successful international supermodel till 2013.


title: Gao Weiguang

text: Gao joined Jay Walk Studio and made his acting debut as the male lead in 2014 web series, "V Love". The same year, he starred in the fantasy drama, "Swords of Legends". From 2015 to 2016, Gao gained increased recognition from playing supporting roles in military drama "Destined to Love You", "Legend of Ban Shu", "The Ladder of Love", etc. He played second male lead in 2016 workplace series "The Interpreter". In the same year, he starred in suspense crime action film "Heartfall Arises".


title: Gao Weiguang

text: In 2017, Gao starred in fantasy romance drama "Eternal Love", gaining popularity for his role as "Dong Hua". He won Media Recommended Actor of the Year award in China TV Drama Awards for his performance. He also starred in "", a fantasy action drama. In the same year he had his first big screen leading role in romantic comedy film "Mr. Pride vs Miss Prejudice".


title: Gao Weiguang

text: In 2019, Gao starred in the third installment of "Candle in the Tomb" series, "The Wrath of Time" as one of the three main leads. He received the Best Actor (Period Drama) Award at the 26th Huading Awards for his performance.


title: Gao Weiguang

text: In 2020, Gao starred as the male lead in fantasy romance drama "Eternal Love of Dream", reprising his role as" Dong Hua" from "Eternal Love". This role caused further increase in his popularity. He received the Best Actor (Period Drama) Award and Top Ten Most Popular Actor Award at 29th Huading Awards for his performance. He also starred in the fourth installment of "Candle in the Tomb" series, "The Lost Caverns", reprising his popular role as "Partridge Whistle" or "Zhe Gu Shao". In the same year he starred as the main lead in popular dramas "Miss S" and "Living Toward The Sun".


title: Gao Weiguang

text: In 2021 and 2022 Vengo starred in popular dramas "Dreams and Glory", "Sword Snow Stride"and military-action drama "Operation Special Warfare".


title: Muffler

text: A muffler (North American and Australian English) or silencer (British English) is a device for reducing the noise emitted by the exhaust of an internal combustion engine—especially a noise-deadening device forming part of the exhaust system of an automobile.


title: Muffler

text: Mufflers are installed within the exhaust system of most internal combustion engines. The muffler is engineered as an acoustic device to reduce the loudness of the sound pressure created by the engine by acoustic quieting. The noise of the burning-hot exhaust gas exiting the engine at high speed is abated by a series of passages and chambers lined with roving fiberglass insulation and/or resonating chambers harmonically tuned to cause destructive interference, wherein opposite sound waves cancel each other out.


title: Muffler

text: An unavoidable side effect of this noise reduction is the restriction of the exhaust gas flow, which creates back pressure, which can decrease engine efficiency. This is because the engine exhaust must share the same complex exit pathway built inside the muffler as the sound pressure that the muffler is designed to mitigate.


title: Muffler

text: Some aftermarket mufflers claim to increase engine output and/or reduce fuel consumption by slightly reduced back pressure. This usually entails less noise reduction (i.e., more noise).


title: Muffler

text: On May 18, 1905, the state of Oregon passed a law that required vehicles to have "a light, a muffler, and efficient brakes".


title: Muffler

text: The legality of altering a motor vehicle's original equipment exhaust system varies by jurisdiction; in many developed countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, such modifications are highly regulated or strictly prohibited.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Taglit-Birthright Israel (), also known as Birthright Israel or simply Birthright, is a not-for-profit educational organization that sponsors free ten-day heritage trips to Israel, Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights for young adults of Jewish heritage, aged 18–32.


title: Birthright Israel

text: "Taglit" is the Hebrew word for 'discovery'. During their trip, participants, most of whom are visiting Israel for the first time, are encouraged to discover new meaning in their personal Jewish identity and connection to Jewish history and culture.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Since trips began in the winter of 1999 through 2017, more than 600,000 young people from 67 countries have participated in the program. About 80% of participants are from the United States and Canada. As of 2013, the number of participants had not grown beyond 40,000 a year due to budgetary constraints.


title: Birthright Israel

text: The Birthright Israel program was initiated in 1994 and founded in cooperation with Charles Bronfman and Michael Steinhardt, as well as the Israeli government, private donors, the Jewish Agency for Israel, and Jewish communities around the world. Tours are held in the winter and summer, for which demand is very high. Registration is conducted online and each round there are usually thousands more applicants than spaces available.


title: Birthright Israel

text: In 2007, annual capacity was increased to 20,000 participants a year. That year, the late Sheldon Adelson pledged $25 million to Birthright Israel to take applicants off waiting lists and to increase annual capacity from 25,000 to 37,000 in 2007 and 2008. The Adelson Family Foundation has contributed many millions of US dollars annually to Birthright Israel since 2007. In 2011, he pledged an additional $5 million toward the effort. In 2013, Adelson doubled his past annual commitment to Birthright Israel, announcing a $20 million challenge grant that matched new and increased gifts or pledges through 2015. This raised Adelson's total support of the program to over $250 million as of February 2015.


title: Birthright Israel

text: In 2010, Birthright launched an extension program called Birthright Excel. Birthright Excel is a 10-week summer program where students can either create a venture or intern with a business.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Eligible individuals are those who have at least one parent of recognized Jewish descent, or who have converted to Judaism through a recognized Jewish movement, and who do not actively practice another religion. They must also be between the ages of 18 to 32, have completed high school, have neither traveled to Israel before on a peer educational trip or study program past the age of 18, nor have lived in Israel past the age of 12 for more than 3-4 months. A Birthright Israel trip includes airfare from major cities, hotels, most meals, all transportation within Israel, and costs associated with touring the country for the ten-day trip. A US$250 deposit is required, which is refunded upon return from the trip. Airfare or transportation from a participant's home to the gateway city is not included, although the trips depart from multiple cities.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Trips are organized by different organizations and companies accredited by Birthright Israel, which sets the logistical, educational, and security standards. All groups are led by licensed Israeli tour guides, all groups are accompanied by an armed security guard, and include visits to the Western Wall and Yad Vashem, as well as other sites determined by Birthright Israel. Tours may vary according to age group and the religious background of the participants. Trips may be geared for graduate students, undergraduates at a particular university, participants from a particular city, participants who identify with a particular stream of Judaism, tours for hiking or music enthusiasts, and a diverse array of other interests, such as trips for the LGBTQ community, campus trips and accessibility trips.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Registration is conducted twice a year, in the winter and summer, and during each round there are thousands more applicants than spaces available. Trips are conducted throughout most of the year.


title: Birthright Israel

text: A Birthright Israel trip includes airfare from major cities, hotel accommodation, two meals per day, security, all transportation within Israel, and other costs associated with touring the country during the ten-day trip.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Tours travel throughout Israel and Jerusalem to religious and cultural sites, including the Western Wall, and the Dead Sea. Trips also often include a Mega Event, which unites thousands of participants from around the world together with Israelis for a celebration featuring speeches by dignitaries and musical performances.


title: Birthright Israel

text: A major feature of the tours is a 5- to 10-day "mifgash" (Hebrew for 'encounter') with Israeli peers, usually soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces, who join the tour. The stated purpose for the "mifgash" is for the participants and the soldiers to get to know each other and to better understand each other's world view and Jewish identity. Guided discussion sessions explore topics such as the Jewish tradition in the modern world, how Jewish life in Israel differs from Jewish life abroad, and how mandatory military service impacts young Israelis' perceptions of service and commitment to their country. More than 115,000 Israelis have participated in the program since 2000.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Participants have the option to extend their plane ticket for up to three months to explore Israel and the region. The optional extension is not part of the Birthright trip, and the participant is in that time like any tourist.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Through the end of 2011, the program had an operating budget of $660 million. More than half of the funding comes from philanthropists, among them Charles Bronfman, Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Daniel Och, Marlene Post, Lynn Schusterman, Sheldon Adelson, and Michael Steinhardt. About one-quarter of funding comes from the Government of Israel, and about one-fifth is contributed by Jewish organizations and communities, such as North American Jewish Federations through the United Jewish Communities (UJC), Keren Hayesod, and the Jewish Agency for Israel; and many leading private philanthropists through the Birthright Israel Foundation, including Charles Bronfman, Michael Steinhardt, and Lynn Schusterman. The program also receives funding from the German government, through the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.


title: Birthright Israel

text: According to the organization, Birthright Israel has contributed more than 2 billion NIS to the Israeli economy.


title: Birthright Israel

text: The Birthright Israel program has been criticized for its pre-trip screening process. According to Rachel Shabi from Salon.com, political opinions may be taken into account: "Potential candidates who are discovered to have a 'hidden agenda' are not allowed onto the [Birthright] trips".


title: Birthright Israel

text: The pro-Palestinian Jewish Voice for Peace runs a campaign called Return the Birthright, which criticizes the Birthright Israel program and urges young Jews to boycott it, stating: "it's unjust that we get a free Birthright trip, while Palestinian refugees can't return to their homes".


title: Birthright Israel

text: In 2007, Birthright established Birthright NEXT, a group that was intended to act as a post-trip follow-up organization to keep youth involved in local Jewish communities after visiting Israel via Birthright. In early 2009 it split into an entity separate from Birthright, though as of 2012 five of six NEXT board members also sat on the Birthright board. Following this separate incorporation, funding from Birthright fell from $6.5 million in 2009 to $968 thousand in 2010 and $702 thousand in 2011. Total NEXT revenue dropped from $8 million in 2009 to $4 million in 2010. This decrease in funding for the alumni programs acted as part of Birthright's increased emphasis on youth Israel trips and reduced emphasis on followup efforts.


title: Birthright Israel

text: For example, Birthright Israel Next sponsored "I.D.", a performance of monologues by Birthright Israel alumni based on their experiences.


title: Birthright Israel

text: In 2015 Birthright announced the end of Birthright NEXT, suggesting that the alumni outreach program would be replaced by another program aiming to fulfill the same goals.


title: Birthright Israel

text: At an academic symposium on Birthright held at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2013, Leonard Saxe of Brandeis University presented evidence that program participants tend to marry later than their peers, and are more likely to marry within the faith than a similar group of Jewish young people who choose not to participate in Birthright. Saxe hypothesizes that participants' delayed marriage age may be motivated by the goal of finding a Jewish spouse. The findings also show that one out of four Birthright participants ends up marrying another Birthright participant.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Birthright Israel has inspired similar programs for other diasporas with similar goals, including Birthright Armenia for the Armenian diaspora, Reconnect Hungary for young adults of the Hungarian diaspora, and Birthright Greece for the Greek diaspora.


title: Birthright Israel

text: Birthright Unplugged was founded to counterbalance Birthright Israel, with the goal of exposing Jewish and non-Jewish visitors to Palestinian communities inside and outside of Israel.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Erich Wolfgang Korngold (May 29, 1897November 29, 1957) was an Austrian-born American composer and conductor. A child prodigy, he became one of the most important and influential composers in Hollywood history. He was a noted pianist and composer of classical music, along with music for Hollywood films, and the first composer of international stature to write Hollywood scores.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: When he was 11, his ballet "Der Schneemann" (The Snowman), became a sensation in Vienna, followed by his Second Piano Sonata, which he wrote at age 13, played throughout Europe by Artur Schnabel. His one-act operas "Violanta" and "Der Ring des Polykrates" were premiered in Munich in 1916, conducted by Bruno Walter. At 23, his opera "Die tote Stadt" (The Dead City) premiered in Hamburg and Cologne. In 1921 he conducted the Hamburg Opera. During the 1920s he re-orchestrated, re-arranged and nearly re-composed several operettas by Johann Strauss II. By 1931 he was a professor of music at the Vienna State Academy.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: At the request of motion picture director Max Reinhardt, and due to the rise of the Nazi regime, Korngold moved to Hollywood in 1934 to write music scores for films. His first was Reinhardt's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1935). He subsequently wrote scores for such films as "Captain Blood" (1935), which helped boost the career of its starring newcomer, Errol Flynn. His score for "Anthony Adverse" (1936) won an Oscar and was followed two years later with another Oscar for "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938).


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Overall, he wrote the score for 16 Hollywood films, receiving two more nominations. Along with Max Steiner and Alfred Newman, he is one of the founders of film music. Although his late classical Romantic compositions were no longer as popular when he died in 1957, his music underwent a resurgence of interest in the 1970s beginning with the release of the RCA Red Seal album "The Sea Hawk: the Classic Film Scores of Erich Wolfgang Korngold" (1972). This album, produced by his son George Korngold, was hugely popular and ignited interest in other film music of his and of other composers like Steiner and in his concert music, which often incorporated popular themes from his film scores (an example being the Violin Concerto in D, Op. 35, which incorporated his themes from four different motion picture scores and is a part of the standard repertoire).


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Erich Wolfgang Korngold was born to a Jewish family in Brünn, Austria-Hungary (present-day Brno, Czech Republic). Erich was the second son of eminent music critic (Leopold) Julius Korngold (1860-1945); his older brother, (1892–1965), also became a musician. A child prodigy living in Vienna, Erich could play four-hand piano arrangements alongside his father at age five. He was also able to reproduce any melody he heard on the piano, along with playing complete and elaborate chords. By age seven, he was writing original music.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold played his cantata "Gold" for Gustav Mahler in 1909; Mahler called him a "musical genius" and recommended he study with composer Alexander von Zemlinsky. Richard Strauss also spoke highly of the youth, and along with Mahler told Korngold's father there was no benefit in having his son enroll in a music conservatory since his abilities were already years ahead of what he could learn there.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: At age 11, he composed his ballet "Der Schneemann" ("The Snowman"), which became a sensation when performed at the Vienna Court Opera in 1910, including a command performance for Emperor Franz Josef. He continued composing with great success throughout his teens. At age 12, he composed a piano trio. His Piano Sonata No. 2 in E major, which followed, was played throughout Europe by Artur Schnabel. During these early years he also made live-recording player piano music rolls for the Hupfeld DEA and Phonola system and also the Aeolian Duo-Art system, which survive today and can be heard.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold wrote his first orchestral score, the "Schauspiel-Ouvertüre", when he was 14. His "Sinfonietta" appeared the following year, and his first two operas, "Der Ring des Polykrates" and "Violanta", in 1914. In 1916, he wrote songs, chamber works, and incidental music, including to "Much Ado About Nothing", which ran for some 80 performances in Vienna.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold was active in the theatre throughout Europe while in his 20s. After the success of his opera "Die tote Stadt", which he conducted in many opera houses, he developed a passion for the music of Johann Strauss II and managed to exhume a number of lost scores. He orchestrated and staged them using new concepts. Both "A Night in Venice" and "Cagliostro in Vienna" are Korngold re-creations; these were the works that first drew the attention of Max Reinhardt to Korngold.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: By this point Korngold had reached the zenith of his fame as a composer of opera and concert music. Composers such as Richard Strauss and Giacomo Puccini heaped praise upon him, and many famous conductors, soloists and singers added his works to their repertoires. He began collaborating with Reinhardt on many productions, including a collection of little-known Strauss pieces that they arranged, "Waltzes From Vienna". It was retitled "The Great Waltz" and became the basis for a 1934 British film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and a film by the same name in the US, starring Luise Rainer. Korngold conducted staged versions in Los Angeles in 1949 and 1953.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: He completed a Concerto for Piano Left Hand for pianist Paul Wittgenstein in 1923 and his fourth opera, "Das Wunder der Heliane", four years later. He started arranging and conducting operettas by Johann Strauss II and others while teaching opera and composition at the Vienna Staatsakademie. Korngold was awarded the title professor "honoris causa" by the president of Austria.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: After Max Reinhardt's success in producing Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" for the stage, using incidental music by Felix Mendelssohn, he invited Korngold to Hollywood in 1934 to adapt Mendelssohn's score for his planned film version. Korngold would also enlarge and conduct the score.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: The film, which was released in 1935, was a first for Warner Brothers studio in producing a film based on a 400-year-old work of literary art. The studio assigned almost every star or character actor under contract to take part in the film, with the filming taking over six months. The studio also allowed Korngold to devote more attention to the score than it had to any of its previous films; he could prerecord certain parts of the film for the benefit of actors, whom he then had act to the rhythm and tempo of the music. As a result of the score's elaborate tailoring, the film and Korngold's music left a strong impression on the film industry.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold returned to Austria to finish "Die Kathrin". He came back to Hollywood to score the film "Give Us This Night", with lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II, a film which introduced mezzo-soprano Gladys Swarthout and the Polish-born tenor Jan Kiepura, who had starred in several Korngold operas in Europe.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: In 1935 Warners asked Korngold if he was interested in writing an original dramatic score for "Captain Blood". He at first declined, feeling that a story about pirates was outside his range of interest. However, after watching the filming, with a dynamic new star, Errol Flynn, in a heroic role alongside Olivia de Havilland, who had her debut in "A Midsummer Night's Dream", he changed his mind.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: After he accepted, however, he learned that he needed to compose over an hour of symphonic music in only three weeks. The short time frame forced him to use bits of symphonic poems by Franz Liszt, and a couple of engaging cues were written by Korngold orchestrator Milan Roder. In the end, Korngold insisted he be credited only with musical adaptations, even though he scored nearly the entire film with original music.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: "Captain Blood" became an immediate hit, with an Oscar nomination for the score. As Korngold's first fully symphonic film score, it marked a milestone in his career, as he became the first composer of international stature to sign a contract with a film studio. It also launched the career of Flynn and gave a major boost to that of de Havilland, who did another seven movies with Flynn. Korngold scored six more films starring Flynn. In addition, "Captain Blood" opened the way for other costumed romantic adventures, which hadn't been seen since the silent era.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: After scoring "Anthony Adverse", another Warners picture, this one starring Fredric March and Olivia de Havilland, Korngold's career in Hollywood developed quickly. He finally became convinced that dramatic scoring went well with certain types of films. The film, which is set in mid-18th century Italy, the Alps, and France, received an expensive treatment from Warners, which pleased him greatly.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold was awarded his first Academy Award for the "Anthony Adverse" score. In this film, the first half hour contains continuous scoring and proved to be a major step forward in the art of film scoring. Korngold conceived his film scores as "operas without singing."


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: In 1938, Korngold was conducting opera in Austria when he was asked by Warner Brothers to return to Hollywood and compose a score for "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938), starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland. The film, based on a largely fictional English legend, is considered the finest of its kind, with a continuous series of romantic and adventurous sequences propelled by Korngold's dynamic score. Music historian Laurence E. MacDonald notes that there were many factors which made the film a success, including its cast, its Technicolor photography and fast-paced direction by Michael Curtiz, but "most of all, there is Korngold's glorious music." And film historian Rudy Behlmer describes Korngold's contribution to this and his other films:


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Before Korngold began composing the score, Austria was invaded by Germany and annexed by the Nazis. His home in Vienna was confiscated by the Nazis. And because it meant that all Jews in Austria were now at risk, Korngold stayed in America until the end of World War II. He later said, "We thought of ourselves as Viennese; Hitler made us Jewish." Korngold noted that the opportunity to compose the score for "Robin Hood" saved his life.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: It also gave him his second Academy Award for Best Original Score and established the symphonic style that would later be used in action films during Hollywood's Golden Age. Modern day epics such as the "Star Wars" and "Indiana Jones" trilogies similarly included original symphonic scores. Composer John Williams has cited Korngold as his inspiration in scoring the "Star Wars" series.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold was interested in writing a score for "Juarez", as it involved historical figures from Mexico and Austria. It dealt with the Mexican politician Benito Juarez but also involved the story of Archduke Maximilian von Habsburg and his wife, Carlotta. Korngold was moved by the true-life story of how Louis Napoleon, seeing America engulfed by Civil War, took advantage of that fact and attempted, in 1864, to control Mexico. He appointed Maximilian as its emperor.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: After the United States demanded that France divest itself of its interests in Mexico, the Austrian aristocrat was left to his fate, and he was executed by the Juarez government. The dramatic accent of the film leaned in favor of Maximilian and Carlotta, however, aided greatly by Korngold's poignant themes for them.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold researched the music popular in Mexico at the time and realized it was not Mexican but "unmistakenly Viennese." He composed 3,000 bars of music for the score, at times emulating the rhythms of Frédéric Chopin and Franz Schubert, and the second theme of the first movement of his Violin Concerto was drawn from his work for the film. Maximilian and Carlotta loved the Mexican song "La Paloma," and Korngold used it effectively during the score.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold was again nominated for his score of "The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex". The score is essentially operatic, with lush background music throughout, a rousing march theme for Essex (Errol Flynn), and one of his "most noble and heroic melodies" for Elizabeth (Bette Davis) of the theme "Elizabeth, The Queen". Of the hour and half film, an hour of it is supported by the score, composed of rich dramatic and romantic themes.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: The score concentrates on the regal Main Title, the triumphal entry march of Essex into London, the Queen's theme, and the recapitulation of that theme in the End Titles.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: "The Sea Hawk" was Korngold's last score for swashbuckler films, all of which had starred Errol Flynn. It is widely regarded as one of Korngold's best. The film ran two hours and six minutes and was one of the longest films he ever worked on. It includes symphonic score in all but twenty minutes. It was also his tenth original score in less than six years.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: In the final duel between Thorpe and Wolfingham, MacDonald states that "Korngold's breathlessly fast-paced music helps to make this one of the most exciting swordfights in cinema history." While Behlmer describes the duel scene as a ""tour de force" of rhythmic energy and exactitude."


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: In scoring "The Sea Wolf", based on a novel by Jack London, Korngold's film career went in a different direction. In this film, the score reflects an evil atmosphere, dark images, and the tense emotions of its crew during an unfortunate voyage. Edward G. Robinson, as Wolf Larsen, plays a tormented and brutal captain of a sealing schooner, which gets crippled by a rival ship.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: To support the complex atmosphere, with its scenes of the fog-shrouded voyage, Korngold created a score that was understated, which was very different from his swashbucklers. He often used sharp brass chords with swirling configurations, along with a love theme voiced by a harmonica. Music historian Thomas S. Hischak notes some aspects of the score:


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: The score for "Kings Row" (1942) has been compared to those of films like "Gone with the Wind" and "Anthony Adverse", which also had powerful theme motifs. Those stories were based on recent best-selling novels, as was "Kings Row". In this score, Korngold moved even further away from his previous romantic and swashbuckler styles. This was Korngold's most Gothic film score, and a film which film historian Tony Thomas has called a "true American classic." He adds that the score "might well have been the basis for an opera or a grandly scaled symphonic poem."


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: The story is set in a Midwestern U.S. town (Kings Row), where the characters portray a wide range of psychological emotions, from loves and hates, bitterness, tenderness and torment. Combined with Korngold's score, which some claim is among his finest, the film drew an unusually high level of public interest and acclaim. Its costar, future President Ronald Reagan, considered his performance the best of his career.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: The score contains a main theme which is varied throughout the film, depending on the how each scene develops. MacDonald states that the main theme is a "majestic and noble melody that immediately grabs the viewer's attention" when the film begins. By using this motif, the theme connects the entire score, which often left a strong impact on viewers.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: British composer Harold Truscott, for example, who saw the film when he was 28, wrote to Korngold admiring the score. He also saw the film more than thirty times just to hear the score, sometimes with his eyes completely closed. Like "Gone with the Wind", "Kings Row" concludes with the main theme hymned operatically by an unseen chorus.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: "Kings Row" was followed by seven film scores in four years - "The Constant Nymph" (1943), "Between Two Worlds" (1944), "Devotion" (1946), "Of Human Bondage" (1946), ""Deception"" (1946), "Escape Me Never" (1947), and "Adventures of Don Juan" (1948) (unused score).


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold retired from film composing in 1947. Although World War II had prevented him from returning to Europe, he became an American citizen in 1943 and he stayed in the U.S. after retiring.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: He spent the last ten years of his life composing concert pieces, including a Violin Concerto, a Symphonic Serenade for strings, a Cello Concerto and a Symphony. The Violin Concerto has become particularly successful, with many recordings and performances following Jascha Heifetz's initial version.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: He returned to film scoring one more time, shortly before his death, for "Magic Fire" (1955), a film biography of the composer Richard Wagner. He was asked to adapt the music of Wagner for most of the film, but Korngold also wrote some original music for it. He is seen during the final scenes in an unbilled cameo as the conductor Hans Richter.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold approached his scoring theatrically, and could only write by regarding film scenarios as opera libretti. This made him prefer to write leitmotifs for each of the main characters in a film, and vary them based on the emotional level of a scene. He felt that by having "musical identifications for characters, places, and even abstract ideas in a film," it would help keep characters straight in the minds of the audience. Music motifs were commonly used by other film composers during that period, including Max Steiner.


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: During "Captain Blood", for instance, motifs were created for phases of Captain Blood's career as a pirate, using different instrumentation. Variations of some type of brass instrument were heard, such as when the ship readies for voyage, or to lend solemnity to someone's death. A full reiteration of the motif is reserved for a climactic battle scene. The impact of the score for "Captain Blood" led Gene Roddenberry, creator of "Star Trek", to tell his composer to use that film as an archetypal example of the kind of sound he wanted for his series. According to Karlin and Wright in "On the Track:


title: Erich Wolfgang Korngold

text: Korngold composed in the evenings while at the piano, as he watched scenes from the film that an assigned projectionist would run for him. He would run scenes repeatedly as he improvised the music. He would collect his ideas and concepts and later commit them to paper.