title: Cold Chisel

text: The Helpmann Awards is an awards show, celebrating live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group "Live Performance Australia" since 2001. Note: 2020 and 2021 were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Cold Chisel

text: The South Australian Music Awards are annual awards that exist to recognise, promote and celebrate excellence in the South Australian contemporary music industry. They commenced in 2012. The South Australian Music Hall of Fame celebrates the careers of successful music industry personalities.


title: Cold Chisel

text: "Countdown" was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974–1987, it presented music awards from 1979–1987, initially in conjunction with magazine "TV Week". The TV Week / Countdown Awards were a combination of popular-voted and peer-voted awards.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Seth Andrew Klarman (born May 21, 1957) is an American billionaire investor, hedge fund manager, and author. He is a proponent of value investing. He is the chief executive and portfolio manager of the Baupost Group, a Boston-based private investment partnership he founded in 1982.


title: Seth Klarman

text: He closely follows the investment philosophy of Benjamin Graham and is known for buying unpopular assets while they are undervalued, seeking a margin of safety and profiting from any rise in price. Since his fund's $27 million-dollar inception in 1982, he has realized a 20% compounded return on investment. He manages $27 billion in assets.


title: Seth Klarman

text: In 2008, he was inducted into "Institutional Investor" Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame. "Forbes" listed his personal fortune at US$1.50 billion and said he was the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world in 2017. He has drawn numerous comparisons to fellow value investor Warren Buffett, and akin to Buffett's notation as the "Oracle of Omaha," he is known as the "Oracle of Boston."


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman was born on May 21, 1957 in New York City. When he was six, he moved to the Mt. Washington area of Baltimore, Maryland near the Pimlico Race Course. His father, Herbert E. Klarman, was a public health economist at Johns Hopkins University and his mother was a psychiatric social worker His parents divorced shortly after their moving to Baltimore.


title: Seth Klarman

text: When he was four years old he redecorated his room to match a retail store putting price tags on all of his belongings and gave an oral presentation to his fifth grade class about the logistics of buying a stock. As he grew older, he had a variety of small time business ventures including a paper route, a snow cone stand, a snow shoveling business, and sold stamp-coin collections on the weekends. When he was 10 years old he purchased his first stock, one share of Johnson & Johnson (the stock split three-for-one and over time tripled his initial investment). His reasoning behind buying a share of Johnson & Johnson that he had used a lot of band-aids (a product of the company) during his earlier years. At age 12 he was regularly calling his broker to get stock quotes.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and was interested in majoring in mathematics but instead chose to pursue economics. He graduated "magna cum laude" in economics with a minor in history in 1979. He was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity. In the summer of his junior year, he interned at the Mutual Shares fund and was introduced to Max Heine and Michael Price. After graduating from college, he went back to the company to work for 18 months before deciding to go to business school. He went on to attend Harvard Business School where he was a Baker Scholar and was classmates with Jeffrey Immelt, Steve Burke, Stephen Mandel, James Long, and Jamie Dimon.


title: Seth Klarman

text: After graduating from business school in 1982, he founded The Baupost Group with Harvard Professor William J. Poorvu and partners Howard H. Stevenson, Jordan Baruch and Isaac Auerbach. The name is an acronym based on the founders' names (the name was decided on before Klarman joined the project). Poorvu asked Klarman and his associates to manage some money he had raised from the selling of his share in a local television station and the fund was started with US$27 million in start up capital. His starting salary was $35,000 a year, considered low to alternative job offers, and he later recalled that the other founders "were taking a big risk on a relatively inexperienced person." Early on in his investment career, he used to badger Goldman Sachs salesmen with so many questions regarding their options and thoughts on the markets that they were afraid to pick up the phone if they saw that Baupost was calling.


title: Seth Klarman

text: In February 2008, Klarman was alerted that a London-based hedge fund, Peloton Partners, were forced to liquidate more than a billion dollars worth of their assets, he decided to open up his fund to new investors subsequently raising $4 billion in capital, mainly from large foundations and Ivy League endowments. He believed that there was serious market opportunity for value investors in the coming months and after the collapse of AIG and Lehman Brothers, he invested heavily in the equity markets, sometimes buying $100 million in stocks and other assets per day. While the market was down due to the aftermath of the crisis he purchased many distressed securities and bonds. By early 2009, after JPMorgan Chase acquired Washington Mutual as a part of their deal with the United States Department of the Treasury, Sallie Mae bonds were returning double digit figures for Baupost. Overall, Klarman's bond position appreciated 25%, however, during the financial crisis, his fund returned -7% to -13%. Although many hedge funds faced negative returns and low performance during the crisis and its aftermath, Klarman saw increased equity positions and described it as a "fortuitous time" for the fund's capital gains. The same year he would go on to buy a minority share in the Boston Red Sox, via a stake in Ed Eskandarian.


title: Seth Klarman

text: In 2009, Klarman began buying distressed credits in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He purchased the bonds of CIT Group, a financial holding company based in New York City at 65 cents on the dollar with a yield rate of 15%. After the company went into prepared bankruptcy, as Baupost began lending it money via a loan, Carl Icahn gave a loan of $6 billion to the CIT Group but backed out of the deal a week later. This caused the bonds to speed into prepared bankruptcy and gave the Baupost group securities valued at 80 cents to the dollar for their debt in CIT Group. Shortly after the CIT deal was finalized, Klarman amassed a stake in a new bio-tech company called FacetBiotech, at an average cost of $9 a share. At the time, FacetBiotech had $17 a share in net cash. Klarman noted that when stocks are spun off of their larger parent companies they become "cheap and ignored." When Biogen eventually tried a hostile takeover of the company bidding up the price to $14 a share, Abbott Laboratories asked for a $27 per share settlement for acquisition. Klarman's fund finished that year up +27%.


title: Seth Klarman

text: As of 2016, the fund had US$31 billion in assets under management. In 2020 Seth Klarman's largest holding is eBay with a value of US$1.48 billion.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman is a known proponent of value investing, and has stated that he has known he was one since junior year of college at age 25. During an interview at Harvard Business School, he stated: "It turns out that value investing is something that is in your blood. There are people who just don't have the patience and discipline to do it, and there are people who do. So it leads me to think it's genetic."


title: Seth Klarman

text: When asked what drives his fund's overall investment strategy and how value investing fits into the capital markets he replied:


title: Seth Klarman

text: Firstly, Value investing is intellectually elegant. You're basically buying bargains. It also appeals because all the studies demonstrate that it works. People who chase growth, who chase high fliers, inevitably lose because they paid a premium price. They lose to the people who have more patience and more discipline. Third, it's easy to talk in the abstract, but in real life you see situations that are just plain mispriced, where an ignored, neglected, or abhorred company may be just as attractive as others in the same industry. In time, the discount will be corrected, and you will have the wind at your back as a holder of the stock.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman has been an avid supporter of the teachings of Benjamin Graham, and during the Financial crisis of 2007–2008 criticized the short-term thinking of other fund managers, he believes that the "this-time-is-different" mindset will give a false sense of security to investors and they ought to look at the bigger picture. He stresses the utility in the economy's business cycles and their predestined and perpetual self-corrective tendency. Klarman is known to sit on 30% to 50% of his funds in cash as to avoid unfavorable market conditions and only buys stocks he thinks have a suitable mispricing.


title: Seth Klarman

text: He makes unusual investments, buying unpopular assets while they are undervalued, using complex derivatives, and buying put options. During his first years running Baupost, he made it a point to only invest in companies that were not widely accepted by the Wall Street community; he stressed managing risk and using the margin of safety. He is a very conservative investor, and often holds a significant amount of cash in his investment portfolios, sometimes in excess of 50% of assets. Despite his unconventional strategies, he has consistently achieved high returns. Klarman looks for companies that are traded at a discount (so he can assume shares with a margin of safety). Klarman and his fund usually go "bargain hunting," when companies are distressed or face low growth or declining years. In 2015, when energy stocks were declining, his firm "started looking for deals." According to "Institutional Investor", "[Klarman] has succeeded by deftly exploiting under-valued markets whether they are in equities, junk bonds, bankruptcies, foreign bonds or real estate."


title: Seth Klarman

text: In a 2011 interview with Charlie Rose, Klarman states he does not use a Bloomberg Terminal (an almost ubiquitous computer system used in major U.S. financial companies to track market data). Klarman stated due to his long-term strategy he is mostly uninterested in daily price fluctuations.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman owns Klaravich Stables Inc. and has been racing horses with William Lawrence since 2006. Their horse, Cloud Computing, won the 2017 Preakness Stakes. In 2019, Klarman and Lawrence won the Outstanding Owner category at the Eclipse Awards, mainly due to the incredible season for their horse Bricks and Mortar. In 2022 the stable won the Preakness Stakes on Seth Klarman's 65th birthday with their lightly raced horse Early Voting.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman typically keeps a low profile, rarely speaking in public or granting interviews. He lives in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts with his wife, Beth Schultz Klarman, whom he met on a Boston Harbor cruise in 1982; they have three children. His brother, Michael Klarman, is a professor at Harvard Law School.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman has donated to both Democratic and Republican groups and candidates while being registered an independent voter. However, since the election of Donald Trump in 2016, he has donated almost exclusively to Democrats. He has also given extensively to philanthropic causes through the Klarman Family Foundation, which he runs with his wife. The foundation has $700 million in assets as of 2018 and gave away $40 million in 2016. It focuses on pro-democracy initiatives, such as supporting groups that protect journalists, fight against bigotry, and advocate for LGBT rights.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman is a major backer of political non-profits such as the Ending Spending Fund and the pro-same-sex marriage American Unity Fund. He has stated: "I'm a complicated guy, I'm fairly nuanced in my views. I'm trying to do what I think is the right thing for the country."


title: Seth Klarman

text: In the 2016 presidential election, he gave the maximum donation of $5,400 to Hillary Clinton's campaign, stating that "Donald Trump is completely unqualified for the highest office in the land."


title: Seth Klarman

text: After the inauguration of U.S. President Donald Trump, he released a highly circulated (but internal) letter to members of his fund that denounced the upcoming investing climate. The letter states:


title: Seth Klarman

text: Exuberant investors have focused on the potential benefits of stimulative tax cuts, while mostly ignoring the risks from America-first protectionism and the erection of new trade barriers. President Trump may be able to temporarily hold off the sweep of automation and globalization by cajoling companies to keep jobs at home, but bolstering inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises is likely to only temporarily stave off market forces.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Although Klarman gave $2.9 million to Republican candidates in 2016, he told "The New York Times" in September 2018, "One of the reasons I’m willing to come out of my shell and talk to you is because I think democracy is at stake, and maybe I’ll be able to convince some other people of that, and get them to support Democrats in 2018." Klarman, who was previously one of the biggest donors to the Republican Party in New England, told the "Times" in September, 2018, that he had already contributed almost $5 million to nearly 150 candidates, including Representative Joe Kennedy III, Senate candidate Representative Beto O’Rourke and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand. Klarman is a registered Independent who reasoned, "We need to turn the House and Senate as a check on Donald Trump and his runaway presidency." He commented that he feels "betrayed" by "spineless" Republicans who have been "profiles in cowardice," and believes the only option is to "act as a check and balance."


title: Seth Klarman

text: According to the Mondoweiss website, Klarman has supported many organizations, including the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Israel Project, Birthright Israel and Middle East Forum.


title: Seth Klarman

text: "Forbes" lists his personal fortune at US$1.5 billion and is the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman started The Klarman Family Foundation ($255 million in assets as of 2010) which donates to medical causes, Jewish organizations (such as the American Jewish Committee, Boston's Combined Jewish Philanthropies and Gann Academy), and Israeli causes. Klarman is the chairman of "Facing History and Ourselves" which develops classroom programs to combat anti-Semitism and bigotry. Klarman also is active with the Israel Project, a pro-Israel advocacy group that collects and provides information on Israel for journalists. He donated $4 million to the organization between 2008 and 2010. He is the key U.S. investor behind "The Times of Israel", an online English-language newspaper which reports on Israel, the region and the Jewish world.


title: Seth Klarman

text: In 2013, Klarman donated the lead capital to fund the $61 million building at Cornell University named the Seth '79 and Beth Klarman Humanities Building, more simply known as Klarman Hall. A year later, he donated money to Harvard Business School to construct a "conference center/auditorium and performance space," named Klarman Hall. It opened in 2018. In 2019, Cornell University announced that Klarman had donated significant funds to help establish a new postdoctoral fellowship program at the school, the Klarman Fellowships.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman has been called a "hedge fund titan," and a "quiet giant of investing," for his slow accumulation of fund capital over his career (in 2008, his hedge fund was the 6th largest in the world) and low profile. It was reported by Andrew Ross Sorkin, of "The New York Times", that "[Klarman] is the most successful and influential investor you have probably never heard of." His "Investopedia" entry has him listed as "an enigma in the investing world."


title: Seth Klarman

text: He is sometimes called "the Warren Buffett of his generation," and the "Oracle of Boston." According to "The New York Times," Buffett has publicly praised Klarman's investing, and it has been reported that Buffett keeps a copy of his book on his bookshelf.


title: Seth Klarman

text: In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Leon Levy, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones and Steven A. Cohen.


title: Seth Klarman

text: Klarman has written many annual letters to shareholders but has kept a limited role in writing articles, op-eds or books. In 1991, Klarman published his only book, "Margin of Safety, Risk Averse Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor" (1991), a reflection of value investing found in his hedge fund. In the book, he outlines the various issues with retail investing, and critiques small time investors getting into the market purely using metrics such as share price momentum and losing money in the long run. He issues that this is speculation and at times gambling, and should be discouraged in the marketplace. The book asserts that more people should follow the principles of value investing or people who invest in stocks that trade below their underlying value so as to purchase them at a discount.


title: Seth Klarman

text: The book had amassed a cult following. Due to "only 5,000 copies [being sold]," the book is out of print and has become a relic in the finance community. Originally the book was priced at $25 a copy, however, due to it being out of print, it has a market price of $700 for used versions with newer copies going for $2,500 to $4,000. University libraries report the book as "one of their most wait-listed titles as well as one most claimed as lost." Klarman has thought of bringing the book back, but only for a charity event.


title: Salak

text: Salak (Salacca zalacca) is a species of palm tree (family Arecaceae) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It is cultivated in other regions of Indonesia as a food crop, and reportedly naturalized in Bali, Lombok, Timor, Maluku, and Sulawesi.


title: Salak

text: The salak "Salacca glabrecens" was featured on a Malaysian stamp, issued 27 February 1999 under the rare fruits series of stamps.


title: Salak

text: It is a very short-stemmed palm, with leaves up to long; each leaf has a 2-metre long petiole with spines up to long, and numerous leaflets. The fruits grow in clusters at the base of the palm, and are also known as snake fruit due to the reddish-brown scaly skin. They are about the size and shape of a ripe fig, with a distinct tip. The pulp is edible. The fruit can be peeled by pinching the tip, which should cause the skin to slough off so it can be pulled away. The fruit inside consists of three lobes with the two larger ones, or even all three, containing a large inedible seed. The lobes resemble, and have the consistency of, large peeled garlic cloves. The taste is usually sweet and acidic, with a strong astringent edge, but its apple-like texture can vary from very dry and crumbly ("salak pondoh" from Yogyakarta) to moist and crunchy ("salak Bali").


title: Salak

text: The salak tree has been cultivated throughout Indonesia, and there are at least 30 cultivars, most of which have an astringent taste and are sweet. Two popular cultivars are "salak pondoh" from Yogyakarta province (found in 1980s) and "salak Bali" from Bali.


title: Salak

text: "Salak pondoh" is an important fruit in the Yogyakarta province on the island of Java. In the five years to 1999, the annual production in Yogyakarta doubled to 28,666 tons. Its popularity (compared with other cultivars) among local Indonesian consumers is mainly due to the intensity of its aroma and its sweet flavor even before reaching full maturity.


title: Salak

text: "Salak pondoh" has three more superior variations, namely "pondoh super", "pondoh hitam" (black pondoh), and "pondoh gading" (ivory / yellowish-skinned pondoh).


title: Salak

text: Believed to originate from Sibetan village, in the highlands of Bali. Salak Bali is commonly sold all over the island of Bali, and is a popular fruit with both locals and tourists.


title: Salak

text: There are more than 15 varieties of Salak Bali, with tastes ranging from sweet as sugar (Salak Gula Pasir), sweet-sour like a grapefruit (Salak Getih) and sour like a pineapple (Salak Nanas).


title: Salak

text: In some varieties the fruit has a slight astringent, starchy mouthfeel such as with Salak Gading; with other fruits such as Salak Gondok and Salak Gula Pasir, there is little to no astringency.


title: Salak

text: The most expensive cultivar of the Bali salak is the "gula pasir" (literally "sand sugar" or "grain sugar", referring to its fine-grainedness), which is smaller than the normal salak and is the sweetest of all salak. The price in Bali is Rp 15,000-30,000 (US$1.00-2.00) per kilogram depending on time of year.


title: Salak

text: As this variery of salak is known for its sweetness, it is sometimes fermented into Salak wine which has an alcohol content of 13.5 percent, similar to traditional wine made from grapes.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Chlorodifluoromethane or difluoromonochloromethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC). This colorless gas is better known as HCFC-22, or R-22, or . It was commonly used as a propellant and refrigerant. These applications were phased out under the Montreal Protocol in developed countries in 2020 due to the compound's ozone depletion potential (ODP) and high global warming potential (GWP), and in developing countries this process will be completed by 2030. R-22 is a versatile intermediate in industrial organofluorine chemistry, e.g. as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Worldwide production of R-22 in 2008 was about 800Gg per year, up from about 450Gg per year in 1998, with most production in developing countries. R-22 use is being phased out in developing countries, where it is largely used for air conditioning applications. Air conditioning sales are growing 20% annually in India and China.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: An important application of R-22 is as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene. This conversion involves pyrolysis to give difluorocarbene, which dimerizes:


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: The compound also yields difluorocarbene upon treatment with strong base and is used in the laboratory as a source of this reactive intermediate.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-22 is often used as an alternative to the highly ozone-depleting CFC-11 and CFC-12, because of its relatively low ozone depletion potential of 0.055, among the lowest for chlorine-containing haloalkanes. However, even this lower ozone depletion potential is no longer considered acceptable.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: As an additional environmental concern, R-22 is a powerful greenhouse gas with a GWP equal to 1810 (which indicates 1810 times as powerful as carbon dioxide). Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are often substituted for R-22 because of their lower ozone depletion potential, but these refrigerants often have a higher GWP. R-410A, for example, is often substituted, but has a GWP of 1725. Another substitute is R-404A with a GWP of 3900. Other substitute refrigerants are available with low GWP. Ammonia (R-717), popular in the early years of refrigeration, has a GWP of <1 and remains a popular substitute on fishing vessels. Ammonia’s toxicity and flammability limit its safe application.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Propane (R-290), is another example, and has a GWP of 3. Propane was the de facto refrigerant in systems smaller than industrial scale before the introduction of CFCs. The reputation of propane refrigerators as a fire hazard kept delivered ice and the ice box the overwhelming consumer choice despite its inconvenience and higher cost until safe CFC systems overcame the negative perceptions of refrigerators. Illegal to use as a refrigerant in the USA for decades, propane is now permitted for use in limited mass suitable for small refrigerators. It is not lawful to use in air conditioners, or larger refrigerators because of its flammability and potential for explosion.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Since January 1, 2010, it has been illegal to use newly manufactured HCFCs to service refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment - only reclaimed and recycled HCFCs may be used. In practice this means that the gas has to be removed from the equipment before servicing and replaced afterwards, rather than refilling with new gas.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Since January 1, 2015, it has been illegal to use any HCFCs to service refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment; broken equipment that used HCFC refrigerants must be replaced with equipment that does not use them.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-22 was mostly phased out in new equipment in the United States by regulatory action by the US EPA under the SNAP, Significant New Alternatives Program by rules 20 and 21 of the program, due to its high global warming potential. The EPA program was consistent with the Montreal Accords, but international agreements must be ratified by the US Senate to have legal effect. A 2017 decision of the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that the US EPA lacked authority to regulate the use of R-22 under the SNAP program. In essence the court ruled the EPA’s statutory authority, was for ozone reduction not global warming. The EPA subsequently issued guidance to the effect that the EPA would no longer regulate R-22. A 2018 ruling by same court in held that the EPA failed to conform with required procedure when it issued its guidance pursuant to the 2017 ruling, voiding the guidance, but not the prior ruling that required it. The refrigeration and air conditioning industry had already discontinued production of new R-22 equipment. The practical effect of these rulings is to reduce the cost of imported R-22 to maintain aging equipment extending its service life while keeping the use of R-22 in new equipment too risky to pursue.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: The energy efficiency and system capacity of systems designed for R-22 is slightly greater using R-22 than the available substitutes.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-407F is for use in medium- and low-temperature refrigeration applications (supermarkets, cold storage, and process refrigeration); direct expansion system design only. Uses a POE oil.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-407H is for use in medium- and low-temperature refrigeration applications (supermarkets, cold storage, and process refrigeration); direct expansion system design only. Uses a POE oil.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-421A is for use in “air conditioning split systems, heat pumps, supermarket pak systems, dairy chillers, reach-in storage, bakery applications, refrigerated transport, self-contained display cabinets, and walk-in coolers.” Uses mineral oil (MO), Alkylbenzene (AB), and POE.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-422B is for use in low-, medium-, and high-temperature applications. It is not recommended for use in flooded applications.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-422C is for use in medium- and low-temperature applications. The TXV power element will need to be changed to a 404A/507A element and critical seals (elastomers) may need to be replaced.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-424A is for use in air conditioning as well as medium-temp refrigeration temperature ranges of 20 to 50˚F. It works with MO, alkylbenzenes (AB), and POE oils.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-427A is for use in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. It does not require all the mineral oil to be removed. It works with MO, AB, and POE oils.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-434A is for use in water cooled and process chillers for air conditioning and medium- and low-temperature applications. It works with MO, AB, and POE oils.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-438A (MO-99) is for use in low-, medium-, and high-temperature applications. It is compatible with all lubricants.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-458A is for use in air conditioning and refrigeration applications, without capacity or efficiency loss. Works with MO, AB, and POE oils.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: R-32 or HFC-32 (difluoromethane) is for use in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. it has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) [2] and a global warming potential (GWP) index 675 times that of carbon dioxide.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: Next diagram represents the pressure-enthalpy R22 properties, using Refprop 9.0 database, using the International Institute of Refrigeration reference.


title: Chlorodifluoromethane

text: In 2012 the EPA reduced the amount of R-22 by 45%, causing the price to rise by more than 300%. For 2013, the EPA has reduced the amount of R-22 by 29%.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: Karen Lancaume (born Karine Bach, 19 January 1973 – 28 January 2005) was a French pornographic film actress. She appeared in over 83 pornographic films between 1996 and 2000. She starred as Nadine in the 2000 film, "Baise-moi", a mainstream film in which she performed unsimulated penetration and fellatio.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: Karine Bach was born in the suburbs of Lyon, France, into a wealthy family. Her father was German and her mother was Moroccan. She spent her childhood in the Lyon countryside and completed her studies in communications.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: She stated that she had her first sexual experience at the age of 17, just before embarking on her university course, and that she worked weekends at a nightclub to pay for her studies. At the nightclub, she met Franck Ceronne, a disc jockey, whom she married. The couple divorced in 1997.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: In 1996, to escape their crippling debts, at Franck's suggestion, the couple began working as a couple in pornographic films. In the film "L'Indécente aux enfer" (1997) she for the first time performed unsimulated sex scenes with other partners. The couple divorced shortly after. Following their divorce, Franck quit the pornographic film industry but Karen continued to appear in pornographic films both in Europe and the United States. Lancaume's debut in the United States was in "Private Gold 25 - When the Night Falls".


title: Karen Lancaume

text: She later worked with European porn film directors, including Mario Salieri, Alain Payet and Luca Damiano, whose films highlighted oral and anal sex, double penetrations, lesbianism and orgies.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: Her appearances alternated between the two continents, working with producers Elegant Angel, Wicked Pictures and Sin City, and directors Marc Dorcel, Mario Salieri, Andrew Blake, Alain Payet, Alessandro Del Mar, and Luca Damiano.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: She appeared in "Exhibitions 1999" (John B. Root, 1998), a pornographic film shot as a documentary on the porn scene, which combined interviews with the protagonists. Lancaume came to feel distaste for her work, saying in an interview: "I was covered in spunk, wet, freezing to death and no one even offered me a towel. When the scene ends, you are worthless."


title: Karen Lancaume

text: In 1999, she exhibited at the Cannes Film Festival, and met Virginie Despentes, who was seeking actresses to perform explicit unsimulated sex in her first film "Baise-moi" (Fuck Me, Virginie Despentes and Coralie Trinh Thi, 2000). In addition to Lancaume, Raffaëla Anderson, another French porn actress, was also chosen. The film is based on the novel by Virginie, which narrates the encounter between Nadine (Karen) and Manu (Raffaëla) and her subsequent flight, transformed into an vengeance against society and the male gender.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: Despentes described her début as a feminist argument in the style of Thelma and Louise but with real sex scenes, rape and murder. Following the film, Anderson decided to pursue a career in mainstream film, while Lancaume started easing her workload compared to previous years. She eventually abandoned the pornographic industry in 2002, after six years in the business.


title: Karen Lancaume

text: Lancaume committed suicide on 28 January 2005, by taking an overdose of temazepam and alcohol, in her ex-boyfriend's apartment in Paris, France. She was 32.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The Tomb of Cyrus ( – "Ârâmgâh ye Kuroš Bozorg") is the final resting place of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Empire. The mausoleum is located in Pasargadae, an archaeological site in the Fars Province of Iran.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: It was first identified as Cyrus' tomb in modern times by James Justinian Morier, who compared the monument to that described in the writings of Greek historian Arrian.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The mausoleum is a significant historical example of earthquake engineering as it is said to be the oldest base-isolated structure in the world, allowing it great resilience against seismic hazards. It is one of the key Iranian cultural heritage sites. On the 29th of October 2021, Iranian police barred people from visiting the mausoleum.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The site of the tomb is shut down every year during Cyrus the Great Day following a pro-monarchy protest in 2016.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The tomb, previously known as the "Tomb of Madre Suleiman" (referring either to Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik or the biblical Bathsheba, mother of Solomon), was first identified by Venetian traveller Giosafat Barbaro and later by Johan Albrecht de Mandelslo. It was first identified as the Tomb of Cyrus in the early nineteenth century, first by James Justinian Morier and then by Robert Ker Porter. Morier described the tomb as follows:


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: [It] is a building of a form so extraordinary that the people of the country often call it the court of the deevis or devil. It rests upon a square base of large blocks of marble, which rise in seven layers pyramidically... On every part of the monument itself are carved inscriptions, which attest the reverence of its visitors; but there is no vestige of any of the characters of ancient Persia or even of the older Arabic. The key is kept by women, and none but females are permitted to enter. The people generally regard it as the monument of the mother of Solomon, and still connect some efficacy with the name; for they point out near the spot a certain water to which those who may have received the bite of a mad dog resort, and by which, if drank within thirty days, the evil effects of the wound are obviated. In eastern story almost every thing wonderful is attached to the Solomon of Scripture: the King however, to whose mother this tomb is said to be raised, is less incredibly, (as the Carmelites of Shiraz suggested to Mandelsloe), Shah Soleiman, the fourteenth Caliph of the race of Ali. But though this supposition is more probable than that it is the monument of Bathsheba, it is not to my mind satisfactory, as it differs totally from all the tombs of Mahomedan saints which I have ever seen in Persia, Asia Minor, or Turkey.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Morier then proposed that the tomb may be that of Cyrus, based on the description of Arrian. He noted the similarities, as well as the differences including the lack of the inscription noted by Arrian, the lack of a grove of trees, and the triangular roof against Arrian's "arched" description:


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: If the position of the place had corresponded with the site of Passagardae as well as the form of this structure accords with the description of the tomb of Cyrus near that city, I should have been tempted to assign to the present building so illustrious an origin. That tomb was raised in a grove; it was a small edifice covered with an arched roof of stone, and its entrance was so narrow that the slenderest man could scarcely pass through: it rested on a quadrangular base of a single stone, and contained the celebrated inscription, "mortals, I am Cyrus, son of Cambyses, founder of the Persian monarchy, and Sovereign of Asia, grudge me not therefore this monument". That the plain around Mesjed Madre Suleiman was the site of a great city, is proved by the ruins with which it is strewed; and that this city was of the same general antiquity as Persepolis may be inferred from the existence of a similar character in the inscriptions on the remains of both, though this particular edifice does not happen to display that internal evidence of a contemporaneous date. A grove would naturally have disappeared in modern Persia; the structures correspond in size; the triangular roof of that which I visited might be called arched in an age when the true semi-circular arch was probably unknown; the door was so narrow, that, if I had been allowed to make the attempt, I could scarcely have forced myself through it; and those who kept the key affirmed that the only object within was an immense stone, which might be "the base of a single piece" described by Arrian; but as he was repeating the account of another, the difference is of little consequence, if it exists. I suspect however, as many of the buildings at Persepolis are so put together that they might once have seemed one vast block, that the present structure might also at one time have possessed a similar appearance. The eternity of his monument indeed, which Cyrus contemplated by fixing it on one enormous stone, would be equally attained by the construction of this fabric, which seems destined to survive the revolutions of ages. And in the lapse of two thousand four hundred years, the absence of an inscription on Mesjed Madre Suleiman would not be a decisive evidence against its identity with the tomb of Cyrus.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The tomb of Cyrus is located in the southern corner of the site, which was once the royal park of Pasargadae and is built of yellowish-white limestone, probably from the Sivand mine. The tomb building has been resistant to natural and unnatural factors for 2500 years and is still standing in Pasargad plain. Its main base or foundation is a stone platform whose design forms a rectangular square with a length of 13.35 meters and a width of 12.30 meters. This building consists of two completely separate parts; A six-step stone platform, and a room with a gabled roof over the sixth step.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The total height of the building is a little over 11 meters. The first platform - which forms the first step - is 165 cm high, but about 60 cm it was originally uncut and hidden; This means that like the second and third steps, it was exactly 105 cm high. The fourth, fifth and sixth steps are 57.5 cm high each. The width of the platforms is half a meter and the level of the sixth platform, which forms the base of the tomb room, is about 6.40 meters by 5.35 meters.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The tomb room is 3.17 meters long, 2.11 meters wide, and 2.11 meters high. Its wall is thick and up to 1.5 meters thick and is made of four rows of well-cut stone. The first and second rows are taller than the third and fourth rows, and on the northwest side there was apparently a double door that opened slidingly, which is now gone. The current entrance is 78 cm wide and 140 cm high, and its threshold is deep. In each of the two corners of the small threshold, a recess is made for the heel of the door and horizontal grooves 16 cm deep on one side and ten cm deep on the other side, so that the two lintels can be found and placed in them when opened.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: At the front of the tomb room, in the upper triangle of the gate, there was a very ornate flower, of which only half, which is very weak, remains today. A European traveler named Johann Albrecht von Mandelslow saw the flower in 1638 and depicted it in a painting of the tomb of Cyrus, but it was long forgotten or otherwise interpreted, until David Stronach recovered, described and interpreted it in 1964. The flower in question had 12 main feathers, of which 24 were outside the yard and 24 were feathered outside.  This role depicts the sunIt remains and considering that the Iranians had adapted the name of Cyrus to the sun, this sunflower has been the symbol and manifestation of the person of Cyrus and the chart of his spiritual position with the Iranians.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The roof of the tomb is smooth and simple on the inside, but on the outside it is gabled and its two-sided slope is in the shape of the number eight. The roof is made of two precious stones, on which is a pyramid stone with a base of 6.25 meters by 3 meters and a thickness of half a meter, and on it, there was a stone above the roof, which is not available now. It is believed that according to the Achaemenid tradition, in order to lighten and better move the precious stones, they dug inside the roof. Forsat al-Dawla Shirazi had noticed the empty space between the inner roof and the sloping roof outside and considered it a burial place for the dead:Its roof is sloping on the outside but flat on the inside; Therefore, from the back of this flat roof inside to below the concave roof, it is hollow [= empty] in the shape of a triangle , and there was a burial place of the dead, and in the past the roof was pierced and its stones were broken. Some of the people who went up from there saw the crypt, where it was mentioned that a coffin was made of stone and the dead man was in it. It is now the corpse of the prose heba [like scattered dust].This middle part, mentioned by Shirazi, is a hollow 4.75 meters long, which is about one meter wide and 85 centimeters deep. In order not to shake the endurance of this pit, the roof was made in two pieces. However, the idea that the empty space was the location of the coffin or even two coffins (due to the division of the middle space into two) has been popular in the past.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The floor of the tomb room is made of two large stone slabs. According to George Curzon (1892), the slate was larger than the large holes in which it was dug. Probably to find out what is under it.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The mausoleum was built without mortar, but the metal bundles of the mounds connected the stones, almost all of which had been dug up and removed, leaving unpleasant dimples that damaged the building's strength. A team led by Alireza Shapour Shahbazi repaired these ditches as much as possible with the pieces they had brought from the Sivand mine.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Those who visited the tomb in the nineteenth century and recorded their observations spoke of the distant pillars of the tomb of Cyrus. There is currently no trace of these columns and other structures around the tomb. For example, Franz Heinrich Weisbach, a German scholar and orientalist who visited Pasargadae in the late nineteenth century and wrote a description of the buildings in Pasargadae, describes the pillars around the tomb of Cyrus as follows:The three sides of the tomb are surrounded by 22 columns. Traces can be seen from the double-walled wall that surrounds the columns. The length of each row of columns facing each other is 30 meters and the length of the row of columns perpendicular to these two rows is 32 meters. The length of the two opposite rows from the inner wall is 35 meters and the length of the other part from the inner wall is 42 meters. There is doubt that the outer wall existed from the beginning. The outer wall is a huge wall on which the remains of a gate rest.Decades before Weisbach, Kerr Porter, who visited the tomb in 1818, expressed his views on the condition of the columns:A large area, defined by a base of 24 round pillars, encloses the building like a square. The diameter of each column is 3 feet and 3 inches [approximately 99 cm]. Each side of the square is completed by 6 columns, each of which is 14 feet [approximately 4.27 m] from the side column. The 17 pillars are still standing, but they are surrounded by rubbish, and are deliberately connected by a mud wall.Different opinions have been expressed about the origin of the architectural style of the building. The range of these views is wide and includes the Greek origin of Asia Minor, the Mediterranean, the Egyptians, the Elamites, and the original Iranians. B. Faravash coverage Khrpshthay the tomb of Cyrus wrote that the graves Ryayyany the first silk are likewise covered, and this leads still the first king of the Achaemenid tombs along, according to tradition and so in areas Barankhyz north of Iran usual, made .


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: This tomb was renovated twice, once in 1972 and the second time between 2002 and 2009. For the first time, restoration operations were carried out under the supervision of Ali Sami (then head of the Persepolis Archaeological Institute).


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: For the second time, according to the Mehr news agency, some cultural heritage experts have said the tomb's roof was severely damaged during the reconstruction. According to one of these experts, the restorer of this building has learned restoration experimentally and has no scientific or university education in this field.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: After the departure of an Italian expert group from Persepolis, he has taken responsibility for restoring the tomb of Cyrus. The expert says that the restorer made mistakes during the restoration, most of which were related to the destruction of the tomb roof. Another expert of the Cultural Heritage Organization also told the Mehr reporter: "If the restoration of the roof of the tomb was done according to the correct scientific methods, it should have been completed in at least two more years."


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Kaveh Farrokh also said in a panel discussion on VOA Persian Service on December 29, 2008, attended by Hassan Rahsaz, the head of the restoration team for the tomb of Cyrus the Great, archaeological principles did not carry out the restoration operation accurately and damaged the tomb.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The most extensive description of the structure, based on a lost account by Aristobulus (who had accompanied Alexander the Great on his eastern campaigns in the late fourth century BC), is to be found in "The Anabasis of Alexander" (6.29), written by Arrian in the second century AD.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: He was grieved by the outrage committed upon the tomb of Cyrus, son of Cambyses; for according to Aristobulus, he found it dug through and pillaged. The tomb of the famous Cyrus was in the royal park at Pasargadae, and around it a grove of all kinds of trees had been planted. The park was also watered by a stream, and high grass grew in the meadow. The base of the tomb itself had been made of squared stone in the form of a rectangle. Above it there was a stone building surmounted by a roof, with a door leading within, so narrow that even a small man could with difficulty enter, after suffering much discomfort. In the building lay a golden coffin, in which the body of Cyrus had been buried, and by the side of the coffin was a couch, the feet of which were of gold wrought with the hammer. A carpet of Babylonian tapestry with purple rugs formed the bedding ; upon it were also a Median coat with sleeves and other tunics of Babylonian manufacture. Aristobulus adds that Median trousers and robes dyed the colour of hyacinth were also lying upon it, as well as others of purple and various other colours; moreover there were collars, sabres, and earrings of gold and precious stones soldered together, and near them stood a table. On the middle of the couch lay the coffin which contained the body of Cyrus. Within the inclosure, near the ascent leading to the tomb, there was a small house built for the Magians who guarded the tomb; a duty which they had discharged ever since the time of Cambyses, son of Cyrus, son succeeding father as guard. To these men a sheep and specified quantities of wheaten flour and wine were given daily by the king; and a horse once a month as a sacrifice to Cyrus. Upon the tomb an inscription in Persian letters had been placed, which bore the following meaning in the Persian language: "O man, I am Cyrus, son of Cambyses, who founded the empire of the Persians, and was king of Asia. Do not therefore grudge me this monument.” As soon as Alexander had conquered Persia, he was very desirous of entering the tomb of Cyrus; but he found that everything else had been carried off except the coffin and couch.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Strabo stated that when Alexander the Great looted and destroyed Persepolis, he paid a visit to the tomb of Cyrus and commanded Aristobulus, one of his warriors, to enter the monument. Inside he found a golden bed, a table set with drinking vessels, a gold coffin, some ornaments studded with precious stones and an inscription on the tomb. No trace of any such inscription survives. Strabo described it as follows:


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Alexander then went to Pasargadae; and this too was an ancient royal residence. Here he saw also, in a park, the tomb of Cyrus; it was a small tower and was concealed within the dense growth of trees. The tomb was solid below, but had a roof and sepulchre above, which latter had an extremely narrow entrance. Aristobulus says that at the behest of the king he passed through this entrance and decorated the tomb; and that he saw a golden couch, a table with cups, a golden coffin, and numerous garments and ornaments set with precious stones; and that he saw all these things on his first visit, but that on a later visit the place had been robbed and everything had been carried off except the couch and the coffin, which had only been broken to pieces, and that the robbers had removed the corpse to another place, a fact which plainly proved that it was an act of plunderers, not of the satrap, since they left behind only what could not easily be carried off; and that the robbery took place even though the tomb was surrounded by a guard of Magi, who received for their maintenance a sheep every day and a horse every month. But just as the remoteness of the countries to which Alexander's army advanced, Bactra and India, had led to numerous other revolutionary acts, so too this was one of the revolutionary acts. Now Aristobulus so states it, and he goes to record the following inscription on the tomb: "O man, I am Cyrus, who acquired the empire for the Persians and was king of Asia; grudge me not, therefore, my monument." Onesicritus, however, states that the tower had ten stories and that Cyrus lay in the uppermost story, and that there was one inscription in Greek, carved in Persian letters, "Here I lie, Cyrus, king of kings," and another written in the Persian language with the same meaning.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: The design of Cyrus' tomb is credited to Mesopotamian or Elamite ziggurats, but the cella is usually attributed to Urartu tombs of an earlier period. In particular, the tomb at Pasargadae has almost exactly the same dimensions as the tomb of Alyattes, father of the Lydian King Croesus; however, some have refused the claim (according to Herodotus, Croesus was spared by Cyrus during the conquest of Lydia, and became a member of Cyrus' court). The main decoration on the tomb is a rosette design over the door within the gable. In general, the art and architecture found at Pasargadae exemplified the Persian synthesis of various traditions, drawing on precedents from Elam, Babylon, Assyria, and ancient Egypt, with the addition of some Anatolian influences.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Cyrus the Great Day (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ "ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg"), also simply known as Cyrus Day (Persian:روز کوروش "ruz-e kuroš"), is an unofficial holiday in Iran that takes place annually in the Tomb of Cyrus on October 29, 7 of Aban on Iranian calendar, to commemorate Cyrus the Great. That is the anniversary of the entrance of Cyrus into Babylon. Cyrus is founder of the first Persian Empire also known as Achaemenid Empire.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: It seems that a building like the tomb of Cyrus did not exist before it was built, either in Iran or abroad, although structures looking alike were built later.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: Gur-e-Dokhtar, located at Central District of Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province is one of historical monuments from Achaemenid era that looks very similar to Cyrus's tomb. Alireza Shapour Shahbazi suggests that this monument might be the tomb of Cyrus the Younger.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: There is also a very similar building to Cyrus's tomb in Taş Kule, Sardis which was probably built during when Lydia was an Achaemenid Satrap and was probably for a great Persian or Lydian person.


title: Tomb of Cyrus

text: During Nowruz, the Persian New Year, celebrations are held annually around the tomb by Iranians which gather from all around the country. Iranians respect Cyrus the Great as the founder of Iran and the Persian Empire.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: Dion and the Belmonts were an American vocal trio prominent throughout the 1950s. All of its members were from the Bronx, New York City. In 1957, Dion DiMucci joined the vocal group the Belmonts. The established trio of Angelo D'Aleo, Carlo Mastrangelo and Fred Milano formed a quartet with DiMucci.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: Dion and the Belmonts released four studio albums and one live album, with multiple "Billboard" Hot 100 songs. The Belmonts have yet to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, even though Dion was in 1989. In 2000, the group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: The name the Belmonts was derived from two of the four singers having lived on Belmont Avenue in the Bronx; the other two lived near Belmont Avenue.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: After unsuccessful singles on Mohawk Records in 1957, and then on Jubilee Records (including "The Chosen Few" by Dion & the Timberlanes, not the Belmonts), Dion was paired with the Belmonts. The group signed with Laurie Records in early 1958. The breakthrough came when their first Laurie release, "I Wonder Why", reached No. 22 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, and they appeared for the first time on the nationally televised "American Bandstand" show, hosted by Dick Clark. Dion said of the Belmonts: Dion and the Belmonts were the sound of the city. Their roots were doo-wop groups like the Flamingos, the Five Satins and the Dells, acts who developed their sound in urban settings on street corners, mimicking instruments with their voices and even complex jazz arrangements.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: They followed the hit with the ballads "No One Knows" (No. 19) and "Don't Pity Me" (No. 40), which they also performed on "Bandstand". This early success brought them their first major tour in late 1958, with the Coasters, Buddy Holly and Bobby Darin, followed by the historic and tragic Winter Dance Party tour featuring Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper. On February 2, 1959, after playing the Surf Ballroom, Holly arranged to charter a plane. Dion decided he could not afford the $36 cost to fly to the next venue. According to Dion, $36 was the price his parents paid for monthly rent. He told Holly no. Shortly after midnight, on February 3, 1959, the plane crashed near Clear Lake, Iowa. Holly, Valens, The Big Bopper, and the pilot Roger Peterson were all killed. Bobby Vee, then an unknown artist, performed in Holly's place at the next concert. Later, Jimmy Clanton, Frankie Avalon, and Fabian were hired to finish the tour in place of the three deceased headliners. As of January 11, 2017, with the death of Holly's tour guitarist Tommy Allsup, Dion is the lone surviving member of the original Winter Dance Party lineup. (The lone surviving Belmont, Angelo D'Aleo, was not on the tour, as he was in the US Navy at the time.)


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: In March 1959, Dion and the Belmonts' next single, "A Teenager in Love", broke the Top Ten, reaching No. 5 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the UK Singles Chart. Written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman, it's considered one of the greatest songs in rock and roll history. It was followed by their first album, "Presenting Dion and the Belmonts". Their biggest hit, "Where or When", was released in November 1959, and reached No. 3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 with the group making another national appearance on "American Bandstand". Although publicity photos show the group as a trio without Angelo D'Aleo, he performed on all of their recorded material; these photos were presented for promotional reasons owing to his departure to serve in the U.S. Navy.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: Other singles released for the group that year continued to chart on "Billboard", but were less successful. In early 1960, Dion checked into a hospital for heroin addiction, a problem he had since his mid-teens. At the height of the group's success his drug dependency worsened. When "Where or When" peaked, he was in a hospital detoxing. In addition, there were financial and musical differences between Dion and members of the Belmonts. "They wanted to get into their harmony thing, and I wanted to rock and roll," said Dion. "The label wanted me doing standards. I got bored with it quickly. I said, I can't do this. I gotta play my guitar. So we split up and I did 'Runaround Sue', 'The Wanderer' and 'Ruby Baby'." In October 1960, DiMucci quit for a solo career. Now simply known as Dion, his first major hit, "Lonely Teenager", was backed by a female chorus. He eventually chose to work with the Del-Satins, who backed him (uncredited) on all his early Laurie and Columbia Records hits, which, besides the three aforementioned hits Dion quoted, also included "Donna the Prima Donna" ,"Drip Drop", "Lovers Who Wander", and "Little Diane". Later reissues of these songs would often be erroneously attributed to Dion and the Belmonts. The Belmonts also continued to release records on their own label, Sabina Records, but with less success. However, songs like "Such a Long Way", "Tell Me Why", "I Need Someone", "I Confess" and "Come On Little Angel" all received significant radio play in the New York City area.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: Dion and the Belmonts reunited in late 1966 for the album "Together Again" on ABC Records. Produced by DiMont Music, two singles were released from the LP: "My Girl The Month of May" / "Berimbau" and "Movin' Man" / "For Bobbie". Neither charted in the United States, but fared better in England. "My Girl The Month of May" broke the "Radio London Fab 40" Top Ten at No. 9 the week of December 25, 1966. One reviewer stated: "some British radio DJ's gave it a lot of airplay at the time." The follow-up, "Movin Man", reached No. 17 on the "Radio London" chart on March 26, 1967. "My Girl The Month of May" was later covered by English artists Alan Bown in 1967, and by The Bunch (featuring Sandy Denny of Fairport Convention) in April 1972. During their brief mid-1960s reunion, Dion and the Belmonts appeared on "The Clay Cole Show" performing "Berimbau" and "My Girl The Month of May". They occasionally performed at local New York City nightclubs, such as "The Mardi Gras" on Staten Island (April 29, 1967), before disbanding.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: In 1968, as a solo performer, Dion recorded "Abraham, Martin and John", written by Dick Holler. It is a tribute to social change icons Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. It was written as a response to the assassination of King in April and the assassination of Robert in June. When producer Phil Gernhard initially presented the song to DiMucci, the latter did not care for it. With the persistence of Gernhard, and Dion's wife Susan, he flew to New York that summer. He recorded the song in just one take. Laurie Records released the single in September of that year and it quickly raced up the chart, peaking at number four in December. DiMucci, now a star again, was invited to sing this comeback hit on "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour", as well as many other top shows.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: The original group reunited once again on June 2, 1972, for a show at Madison Square Garden, which was recorded and released as a live album for Warner Brothers. In 1973, DiMucci, Mastrangelo, Milano and D'Aleo performed once more, doing a sold-out concert at the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island, New York. However, no recording of the 1973 reunion was ever released.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: Including "Billboard" Hot 100 singles, Dion and the Belmonts charted 856 radio station surveys across the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. In 2000, the group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. Dion (without The Belmonts) was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: In 2012, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame did a mass induction of six deserving pioneering groups that were left out in error when their lead singers were inducted in the Hall of Fame's early years of inductions: the Miracles (Smokey Robinson), the Crickets (Buddy Holly), the Midnighters (Hank Ballard), the Famous Flames (James Brown), the Comets (Bill Haley) and the Blue Caps (Gene Vincent) . Because of the timeline when these groups were successful, it was believed that the Belmonts would be included in this induction, but none was forthcoming. Because the Belmonts scored chart hits for an additional three years after Dion left the group, coupled with the fact that the entire group (including Dion) were inducted intact into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2000 (11 years after Dion's solo induction into the Rock Hall), their omission was even more puzzling. In January 2012, the year of that mass vocal group induction, Fred Milano of the Belmonts died (January 1, 2012). A "Billboard" magazine article dated January 3, 2012 stated: "There was strife between DiMucci and Belmonts members, who were not pleased when DiMucci was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame without them in 1989." Carlo Mastrangelo died on April 4, 2016.


title: Dion and the Belmonts

text: The two Laurie Records LPs are the most collectible, especially the first pressings of "Presenting Dion & the Belmonts", issued as Laurie LLP-1002 (later reissued as LLP-2002). There were also later compilation albums, some of which included the separate hits of the Belmonts, and some that included the hits of Dion, and Dion and the Belmonts.


title: Danny Daniels

text: Danny Daniels, (October 25, 1924 – July 9, 2017), born Daniel Giagni, Jr., was an American choreographer, tap dancer, and a dance teacher.


title: Danny Daniels

text: Daniels was a featured dancer in several 1940s Broadway musicals, including "Billion Dollar Baby", "Street Scene", and "Kiss Me, Kate". Although he continued performing during the 1950s and after, including a tour with the Agnes de Mille Dance Theatre, Daniels quickly moved into choreography for stage, film, and television. He won a Tony Award and an Astaire Award in 1984 for "The Tap Dance Kid" and received three more Tony nominations for "High Spirits", "Walking Happy", and the 1967 revival of "Annie Get Your Gun".


title: Danny Daniels

text: Daniels' notable film choreography credits include "Pennies from Heaven" (1981), "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom" (1984), "The Night They Raided Minsky's" (1968), and "Zelig" (1983). He also choreographed the dance sequences and dubbed the tap sound effects for the movie musical "Stepping Out" (1991) starring Liza Minnelli. For television he worked on "The Judy Garland Show" (1963), as well as specials featuring performers such as Gene Kelly and Danny Kaye. In 1952, he created the "Tap Dance Concerto" with composer Morton Gould.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: Dylan James Christopher Levitt (born 17 November 2000) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Dundee United and the Wales national team.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: Levitt is a graduate of the Manchester United youth system. He made his senior debut in a UEFA Europa League match in November 2019, which was his only first-team appearance for Manchester United. He spent time on loan at Charlton Athletic, Croatian club Istra 1961 and Dundee United. In July 2022, he joined Dundee United on a permanent deal.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: Levitt represented Wales at several youth levels, before making his senior international debut in a UEFA Nations League game against Finland in September 2020.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: Levitt joined the Manchester United youth system at the age of eight and signed his first professional contract with the club in April 2018. In November 2019, he signed a new contract with the club until June 2022. He made his senior debut with United in a UEFA Europa League match against Astana on 28 November 2019.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: On 8 September 2020, Levitt was sent on a season-long loan to Charlton Athletic. On 8 January 2021, it was reported that Levitt's loan at Charlton Athletic had been cut short after he made only five first-team appearances at the League One club.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: On 15 February 2021, Levitt joined Prva HNL side Istra 1961 on loan for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. On 14 April, he was unexpectedly given a chance by coach Danijel Jumić in the Croatian Cup semi-final against Rijeka, being named in the starting lineup. He played until 64th minute when he was replaced by Dino Halilović, as Istra managed to pull off an upset 3–2 win and qualify for the final.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: On 20 August 2021, Levitt joined Scottish Premiership club Dundee United on a season-long loan. After scoring six goals in 29 league and cup appearances for the Tangerines, including an extra-time winner against Kilmarnock in the fourth round of the 2021–22 Scottish Cup, and three in the final five league matches to help Dundee United qualify for European football, Levitt was voted the fans' player of the year. He then joined the club on a two-year deal in July 2022.


title: Dylan Levitt

text: Levitt represented Wales at under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels. In May 2019, he was called up to the Wales senior squad for the first time. He made his debut on 3 September 2020, in a 1–0 2020–21 UEFA Nations League B away win against Finland. In May 2021, he was selected in Wales' 26-man squad for UEFA Euro 2020. He made his tournament debut as a late substitute in Wales' 1–0 defeat against Italy in Rome. In November 2022, he was named in the Wales squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.


title: Jackie Chiles

text: Jackie Chiles is a fictional character portrayed by American actor Phil Morris in the NBC sitcom "Seinfeld". He appears in the series' seventh through ninth seasons as Cosmo Kramer's lawyer.


title: Jackie Chiles

text: Chiles is a parody of famed attorney Johnnie Cochran; both are bespectacled, mustachioed, well-dressed, African American lawyers with the same initials and penchants for grandiose vocabulary. According to the diplomas in his office, Chiles attended Dartmouth College and Stanford Law School. Morris also emulates Cochran's distinctive enunciation and delivery. After appearing in several episodes during the series' later years, Chiles, along with many other minor characters from the show's past, appeared again in the program's finale and was crucial in failing to achieve acquittal of the characters on charges of violating a duty to rescue law. Jackie's catchphrase is saying several adjectives in succession for added emphasis, such as "lewd, lascivious, salacious, outrageous!"


title: Jackie Chiles

text: Morris also planned to star as Chiles in a spin-off, but the pilot never came to fruition. NBC executives have claimed that a pilot was never discussed with them.


title: Jackie Chiles

text: According to Morris, the real-life Cochran told him he enjoyed his appearances as Chiles on "Seinfeld". However, after appearing in character as Chiles in advertisements for the Honda Odyssey and Diet Dr Pepper in 2000, Morris received a cease and desist letter from Cochran's law office due to the impact his unflattering mimicry of Cochran might have on his legal career. Following Cochran's death, Morris reprised the character again in 2010 for Will Ferrell's Funny or Die website and in 2022 for a Snyder's of Hanover commercial.


title: Gurnam Bhullar

text: Gurnam Bhullar is an Indian singer, actor and lyricist associated with Punjabi language music and films. He is best known for his single "Diamond" released in 2018.


title: Gurnam Bhullar

text: In July 2021, Gurnam Bhullar was arrested by the Punjab Police for shooting a music album in Rajpura at time of COVID-19 restrictions and not following the health norms.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Driver licences in Australia refer to the official permit required for a person to legally drive a motor vehicle in Australia. The issue of driver licences, alongside the regulation and enforcement of road use, are all managed by state and territory governments.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: As no Australia-wide licensing scheme exists, rules for the issue of licences vary by jurisdiction. Nevertheless, licences are generally recognised and valid in other states and territories. Since 1997, nationwide uniform arrangements have been in place for the regulation of full drivers licences for motor vehicles, as well as their renewal.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Australia's lack of identity cards has led to driving licences becoming the de facto photo ID used in everyday situations. In 2017, the federal government proposed creation of a national drivers licence database that would involve state or territory governments handing over the identities of drivers in a stated bid to toughen national security laws. The national ID database would be used to monitor public events, but could be transferred to a national drivers licence system with agreement from the states.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The medical standards for drivers of commercial vehicles are set by the National Transport Commission and Austroads.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The driver of a vehicle carrying paying passengers (such as a school bus or tourist coach) is required to hold a driver licence depending on the size of the vehicle as well as a "Public Passenger Vehicle Driver Authority" which is issued by the state or territory Ministry of Transport.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Some states issue driver's licenses for particular transmissions only. Drivers with an automatic-approved license are not able to drive manual-transmission vehicles, whereas manual-approved drivers are able to operate both. States such as South Australia have no such differentiation, and can drive both regardless of which they learnt with.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The official nomenclature for car licences varies in the states and territories, for example, "Driver's Licence" or "Driver Licence". However, "Driver's Licence" is most commonly used.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The official names for learners also vary, for example, "Learner Driver Licences" or "Learner's Permit", although they are commonly referred to as "L-platers".


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The driving age in the Australian Capital Territory is 17 years, but after obtaining a licence, a driver is subject to restrictions during a three-year probationary period.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The minimum driving age in New South Wales is 16 years. The government introduced the Graduated Licensing Scheme in 2000 and therefore learners progress from a learner licence, to a provisional P1 licence, to a provisional P2 licence and finally to a full licence over an extended period of time. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a three-year probationary period.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: P1 and P2 drivers are also prohibited from driving a vehicle with a power-to-weight ratio of or greater than 130 kilowatts per tonne as of 1 August 2014, replacing the previous law of being prohibited from driving vehicles with 8 or more cylinders and being turbocharged or supercharged (diesel vehicles exempt) If a P1 or P2 licence holder is disqualified by a court for a serious driving offence, they will have a one-passenger condition imposed on them at all times while on their P1 or P2 licence. It is also worth noting that any time a P1 or P2 licence is suspended or disqualified will NOT count towards the 12 months/24 months needed for the holder to progress to a P2/full licence.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The learner licence may be obtained at age 16. Learner drivers may not use a mobile phone and must be supervised by a full licence holder and may not drive faster than 80 km/h. After holding the learner licence for six months a provisional licence may be obtained. Once the provisional licence is obtained, it must be held for a minimum of 2 years before obtaining the full Northern Territory licence.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Note: Drivers on their provisional or learners license follow their own state's imposed limits while driving in other states. While driving on a SA license in states with a provisional and learner license imposed maximum speed limit less than 100 km/h, drivers are able to still drive at 100 km/h, while local P and L platers are subject to their own state's restrictions, such as 90 km/h in New South Wales. This means that South Australian provisional or learner drivers may be pulled over more frequently than local drivers.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: As of 2 March 2015; L2 drivers have new speed restrictions in which they can drive at 90 km/h in a 90 or 100 zone and at 100 km/h in a 110 zone.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The minimum driving age in Victoria is 18 years. A learner can drive at the age of 16 under the supervision of a fully licensed driver since 1966. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a 4-year probationary period.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: On 1 July 2014, the rules were again modified, to distinguish between vehicles manufactured before 1 January 2010, and those manufactured after. Probationary drivers are now permitted to drive any vehicle manufactured after 1 January 2010 that does not have a power-to-mass ratio of greater than 130 kilowatts per tonne, and does not have a modified engine for increased performance. Vehicles manufactured before 1 January 2010 remain subject to previous restrictions, which include a restriction on engines larger than a V6, and cars that have a turbocharger or supercharger.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: After 1 July 2008, those aged over 21 years when applying for a licence qualify as P2 drivers after passing the computerised Hazard Perception Test and a practical driving test, as well as an eyesight test.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The driving age in Western Australia is 17 years. A learner can drive at the age of 16 under the supervision of a fully licensed driver. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a 2-year probationary period.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: As of 1 December 2010, the Western Australian Government introduced a new Graduated Demerit Point system for Novice Drivers (which includes L- and P-plate drivers). Under this system, a driver may accrue less than 4 demerit points within the first year of their provisional licence, and less than 8 points within the second year, before losing their licence. These limits include demerit points accrued before these 1- and 2-year periods.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The provisional licence automatically converts into a full driver's licence after the 2-year probationary period. Drivers with full driver's licences must drive with a blood alcohol content less than 0.05%, may accrue less than 12 demerit points before being disqualified, and may drive at up to 110 km/h (the maximum speed limit in the state). 'P' plate drivers may also drive up to 110 km /h, where permitted by the state.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: C-A which enables one to drive any vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission and weighing less than 4.5 tonnes. Refer


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Drivers who have accrued 12 or more demerit points can choose to continue driving on a 12-month Good Behaviour Period. If more than two demerit points are accrued during the 12-month period (even on different fines), the licence is lost for twice the original disqualification period; usually 6 months (3 months x 2).


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Australia does not have a national identity card, and driver's licences are commonly used as a means of photo identification. Photo cards are also available, especially for non-drivers. Beside identification, these may be used as proof of age for entry to venues which have age restrictions, such as premises where alcohol is sold.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Licences and photo cards are hologrammed, and contain a photograph, signature, the holder's address, and date of birth.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Electronic online identification can be (partly) established using a driver's licence for online applications for some services such as SIM card activation, and opening bank accounts.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The Australian Attorney-General's Department provides a document verification service that allows for validation of some licences.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Many issuing authorities such as NSW allow for an online check of the validity of a driver's licence.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: The Digital Driver Licence was first trialled in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, Dubbo and Albury before being rolled out statewide in October 2019. Under the system, Digital Driver Licences are available through the Service NSW app. The app allows licences to show dynamic content including demerit points, expiry date, suspension details and licence conditions. Drivers will continue to receive a physical licence card for backup purposes in addition to interstate and overseas usage.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: South Australia became the first state to officially roll out digital driver's licences via its mySA GOV smartphone app in October 2017. The app allows licences to show dynamic content including demerit points, expiry statuses and licence conditions.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: In 2020, Queensland trialled digital licences in the Fraser Coast Region. During the Fraser Coast test, users reported a 94 per cent satisfaction rating. The Queensland Government has announced plans to host another trial in Townsville in 2022 and a state-wide roll out in 2023.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: With the exception of the Northern Territory and Victoria, visitors with a temporary visa (other than a permanent visa) from other countries are conditionally permitted to drive with their current overseas drivers licence for the length of their stay. Conditions vary for every state and territory. Generally, drivers must carry their overseas licence with them. A certified translation or International Driving Permit is only required if the licence is not in English, and the original licence must be carried regardless. In NSW, once a driver becomes a permanent resident a local licence should be obtained generally within three months. In Victoria, a resident who is planning on staying for more than 6 months is not permitted to drive with an overseas licence for more than six months (calculated using the visa grant or Australia entry date, whichever is later).


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Interstate visitors are permitted to travel on their current Australian or New Zealand licence. They must obey the local road rules of that state. The differences in state laws have generated much confusion to visiting drivers, with many pushing for uniform federal road rules.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Interstate visitors on their L or P plates must follow the license conditions set of their home state rather than conditions placed upon license-holders of the state which they are visiting i.e, a driver holding an SA provisional license who is visiting New South Wales is able to legally drive at 100 km/h, whereas a NSW provisional driver is restricted to 90 km/h.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Drivers who move interstate must apply for a new driver's licence within three to six months of moving depending on the state they are moving to. Unless a driving test is required, there is no charge for a conversion from a current interstate licence. Usually, licences are converted in the same day, to the same or equivalent class, or, in the case of the conversion of a non-GLS licence to a GLS system, a P1 or P2 licence is issued, depending on the length of time that the holder of the licence has been driving. The licence may need to be confirmed by obtaining a letter from the interstate licence issuing authority (on their letterhead) confirming the licence details (including first issue date) and status.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Drivers moving states may be eligible to upgrade their licence class, due to the varying age rules that apply in each state. For example, a Victorian learner driver who moves to NSW may be eligible to sit the driving test to obtain a P1 licence. However, drivers who are under 18 will not be able to obtain the same licence class in Victoria, where one must be at least 18 to do so. Another example is a Victorian over 25 moving to Tasmania, SA, QLD or WA will be able to obtain a full licence after having held their Ps for 12 months in Victoria despite the fact that the probationary period for over-21-year-olds in Victoria is 3 years.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Most states do not allow a person to have an interstate commercial driving job if the person does not "reside" in that state. For example, a person with a Queensland Driver's Licence and Driver's Authority (a variation of the wording Driver's Accreditation) cannot obtain a commercial driving job in South Australia unless that person registers a "residential" address in South Australia, even though they may not live there, and swap over the Driver's Licence and obtain a new Driver's Accreditation.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Each state has a demerit points system that leads to the suspension of a driver's licence if the demerit point threshold is reached. The rules vary, but road authorities share information about interstate offenses.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: In all states, drivers holding a full, unrestricted licence will be disqualified from driving after accumulating 12 demerit points or more within a three-year period, except in New South Wales, where drivers are allowed 13 points in a three-year period. Those who can prove they are professional drivers are allowed an additional point. The minimum suspension period is three months, plus one further month for every extra four demerit points beyond the licence's limit, with a cap in most states of five months (for 8 points or more over the suspension trigger; e.g. 20 points or more on a full licence). An alternative to initially accepting the suspension, a driver can apply for a "good behavior" period of 12 months. In most states, drivers under a good behavior period who accumulate one or two further points (except in Victoria, which does not allow any further offences) have their licence suspended for double the original period.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Most states also provide for immediate suspension of a licence, instead of or in addition to demerit points, in certain extreme circumstances. These generally include offences for driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or for greatly excessive speed.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: In some circumstances, driver's licences can be cancelled, either immediately or by court order, such as for anti-social driving activity, popularly known as hooning.


title: Driver licences in Australia

text: Drivers on their learner's or provisional license who accrue more than 4 demerit points can sometimes enter a "good behavior" system, in which they are given a license with 1 maximum demerit point for a certain amount of time.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL) is an Indian renewable energy company headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is owned by Indian conglomerate Adani Group. The company operates Kamuthi Solar Power Project, one of the largest solar photovoltaic plants in the world.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: The company was incorporated on 23 January 2015, as Adani Green Energy Limited under the Companies Act 2013.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: During the initial days of existence, AGEL and Inox Wind together established a 20 MW capacity wind power project in Lahori, Madhya Pradesh. Also, AGEL bought Inox Wind's 50 MW wind power project at Dayapar village in Kutch. The project was conceived by the latter when it won a Solar Energy Corporation of India's capacity bids for wind power projects connected to the National Grid.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In 2015–2016, Adani Renewable Energy Park Limited, a subsidiary of AGEL, signed a joint venture agreement with the Government of Rajasthan.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In 2017, the company took the complete control of overall solar energy portfolio of Adani Enterprises and got itself listed at National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: Currently, the company manages 5,290 MW of wind energy and solar power plants including 46 operational projects in 11 states of India namely Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. AGEL has a current project portfolio of ~5.29 GW and an operational capacity of ~2.32 GW.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In May 2020, AGEL won the world's largest solar bid worth $6 billion by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). The bid entails AGEL building an 8000 MW photovoltaic power plant.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In May 2021, AGEL confirmed its decision to buy SoftBank Group Corp backed SB Energy Holdings Limited for $3.5 billion.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In late 2019, AGEL became the first Indian company to offer investment-grade US dollar green bonds worth US$362.5 million to foreign investors. The bonds got listed on Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (SGX- ST) on 15 October 2019 and it will mature on the same date in 2039.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In March 2018, upon acquisition of 49 percent equity shares of Kodangal Solar Parks Private Limited, the latter became a joint venture of AGEL. In 2019, AGEL acquired the rest 51 percent equity share as well.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In mid-2019, AGEL acquired Essel Group's solar power portfolio of 205MW located in Punjab, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh for US$185 million (approx. ₹1,300 crores). AGEL has also agreed to buy out the remaining 480MW solar energy portfolio of the former which are under construction.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: In early 2020, French energy company Total S.A. entered into a binding agreement with AGEL for the investment of US$510 million to acquire a 20% stake in the latter.


title: Adani Green Energy

text: Local farmers have opposed to construction of 1.5GW solar park at Pokhran after which High Court of Rajasthan has ordered status quo.


title: Craig Cash

text: Craig Cash (born 11 September 1960) is an English comedian, actor, narrator, director and BAFTA award-winning writer and producer. His best known works are in the television shows "The Royle Family", "The Fast Show", "The Mrs Merton Show", "Early Doors", "Sunshine" and most recently "The Café", "Rovers" and "After Hours". Cash took over from his "Royle Family" co-star Caroline Aherne as the narrator of Channel 4's "Gogglebox" after her death in 2016.


title: Craig Cash

text: Cash's father worked as a joiner and he grew up in Stockport. He rose to prominence in the late 1980s/early 1990s as a music radio DJ on south Manchester station KFM, where he worked with Caroline Aherne who had previously developed an Irish nun character, Sister Mary Immaculate. During this period he was also the manager of the band That Uncertain Feeling. In 1999 Cash performed uncredited duties as script editor on "That Peter Kay Thing", a fact only revealed in 2004 when he moderated the DVD commentary.


title: Craig Cash

text: As an actor Cash is best known for playing slightly dim-witted and affable working class northern men, particularly Dave Best in the BBC sitcom "The Royle Family", which he co-wrote with Caroline Aherne.


title: Craig Cash

text: He has also written for "The Fast Show" and for Aherne on "The Mrs Merton Show". With Phil Mealey he wrote the BBC sitcom "Early Doors". They went on to write the drama "Sunshine", filmed in Marple, and first broadcast on BBC One in 2008. They founded the independent production company Jelly Legs, which produced later "The Royle Family" specials, "The New Sofa" and "The Golden Egg Cup", as well as "Sunshine".


title: Craig Cash

text: In 2011 Cash directed all six episodes of "The Café", a show written by and starring his "Royle Family" co-star Ralf Little. From November 2013, Cash narrated the Channel 4 reality show "Gogglebox" when regular narrator Caroline Aherne was unavailable, and took on the role permanently when Aherne died on 2 July 2016. In 2015 he directed and executive produced the new Sky 1 comedy drama "After Hours", starring Jaime Winstone and Ardal O'Hanlon, written by John Osborne and Molly Naylor.


title: Craig Cash

text: From 2013 to 2017, Cash narrated adverts for sofa company Sofaworks (and its successor Sofology) which featured a three-toed sloth named Neal.


title: Craig Cash

text: Cash won two BAFTA Television Awards for Best Situation Comedy his work on the "Royle Family" in 2000 and 2007.


title: Craig Cash

text: Cash currently lives in Mellor, Greater Manchester. He is married to Stephanie Davies and the couple have two sons, Harry and Billy, who appeared in the episode of "The Royle Family" entitled "The Queen of Sheba".


title: Craig Cash

text: Cash is the cousin to Paul Arthurs, rhythm guitarist of the rock band Oasis, the same band that play the iconic theme tune Half the World Away to Cash's most prominent show, "The Royle Family".


title: Wolfram Language

text: The Wolfram Language ( ) is a general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research. It emphasizes symbolic computation, functional programming, and rule-based programming and can employ arbitrary structures and data. It is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica.


title: Wolfram Language

text: Symbolic aspects of the engine make it a computer algebra system. The language can perform integration, differentiation, matrix manipulations, and solve differential equations using a set of rules. Also, the initial version introduced the notebook model and the ability to embed sound and images, according to Theodore Gray's patent.


title: Wolfram Language

text: A name was finally adopted for the language in 2013, as Wolfram Research decided to make a version of the language engine free for Raspberry Pi users, and they needed to come up with a name for it. It was included in the recommended software bundle that the Raspberry Pi Foundation provides for beginners, which caused some controversy due to the Wolfram language's proprietary nature. Plans to port the Wolfram language to the Intel Edison were announced after the board's introduction at CES 2014 but was never released. In 2019, a link was added to make Wolfram libraries compatible with the Unity game engine, giving game developers access to the language's high level functions. The programming language is not widely used.


title: Wolfram Language

text: The Wolfram Language syntax is overall similar to the M-expression of 1960s LISP, with support for infix operators and "function-notation" function calls.


title: Wolfram Language

text: The language may deviate from the M-expression paradigm when an alternative, more human-friendly way of showing an expression is available:


title: Wolfram Language

text: The is a "SetDelayed operator", so that the x is not immediately looked for. is syntax sugar for , i.e. a "blank" for any value to replace x in the rest of the evaluation.


title: Wolfram Language

text: The operator is "condition", so that the rule only applies when . The three underscores are a syntax for a , for a sequence that can be null.


title: Wolfram Language

text: The pattern matching system also easily gives rise to rule-based integration and derivation. The following are excerpts from the Rubi package of rules:


title: Wolfram Language

text: The official, and reference, implementation of the Wolfram Language lies in Mathematica and associated online services. These are closed source. Wolfram Research has, however, released a C++ parser of the language under the open source MIT License. The reference book is open access.


title: Wolfram Language

text: In the over three-decade-long existence of the Wolfram language, a number of open source third party implementations have also been developed. Richard Fateman's MockMMA from 1991 is of historical note, both for being the earliest reimplementation and for having received a cease-and-desist from Wolfram. Modern ones still being maintained include Symja in Java, expreduce in Golang, and the SymPy-based Mathics. These implementations focus on the core language and the computer algebra system that it implies, not on the online "knowledgebase" features of Wolfram.


title: Wolfram Language

text: In 2019, Wolfram Research released a freeware Wolfram Engine, to be used as a programming library in non-commercial software.


title: Wolfram Language

text: The language was officially named in June 2013 although, as the backend of the computing system Mathematica, it has been in use in various forms for over 30 years since Mathematica's initial release but not widely adopted.


title: 2006–07 Real Madrid CF season

text: The 2006–07 season was Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 76th season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2006–07 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players.


title: The Block (season 15)

text: The fifteenth season of Australian reality television series "The Block" premiered on August 4, 2019, on the Nine Network. Hosts Scott Cam and Shelley Craft, site foreman Keith and Dan. Along with judges Neale Whitaker, Shaynna Blaze and Darren Palmer, with guest judges William Schirripa and Roshan Abraham, who all returned from the previous season. All time Ronald McDonald champion Erin Ng joined the show for the Ronald McDonald House challenge in week 8 of the shows filming.


title: The Block (season 15)

text: In June 2018, it was reported that "The Block" producers had acquired a rundown backpackers accommodation, Oslo Hotel, at 38 Grey Street, St Kilda, through an off-market deal struck after the series approached one of the owners. The building contains five mansions hidden behind the facade. The series producers and building planners set to submit renovation plans to the City of Port Phillip council imminently. In October 2018, the Oslo Hotel was confirmed as the next location for renovation, Nine Network acquired the building for $10.8 million.


title: The Block (season 15)

text: "The Block"’s open for inspection took place on Sunday, 20 October 2019. The Block auctions (or Block-tions) for the houses were held on Saturday, 9 November 2019, with the final episode of 2019 airing the next day on Channel Nine and 9Now at 7:00pm (ADST) on Sunday, 10 November 2019, including a 'In memory of' tribute to Peter Elliott (Peter Elliott Roofing).


title: The Block (season 15)

text: Tess and Luke won the series with their house selling for over $3.6m. All houses sold on auction day with all couples profiting well over $300k.


title: The Block (season 15)

text: This is the seventh season of "The Block" to have five couples instead of the traditional four couples.


title: Anki Lidén

text: Anna Catarina Lidén (born 5 April 1947) is a Swedish actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1971. She was the mother of the musician and DJ, Tim Bergling, who was better known as Avicii.


title: Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1981 TV series)

text: Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends is a 1981–1983 American animated television series produced by Marvel Productions, considered to be a crossover series connected to the 1981 "Spider-Man" series. The show stars already-established Marvel Comics characters Spider-Man and Iceman, including an original character, Firestar. As a trio called the Spider-Friends, they fight against various villains of the Marvel Universe.


text: The series was an attempt by NBC to replicate some of the success ABC enjoyed with the "Super Friends" franchise. The makers of the show originally intended the stars to be Spider-Man, Iceman, and the Human Torch. However, legal issues about the rights to the Human Torch character (which had also plagued Marvel once before for the 1978 "Fantastic Four" cartoon) led to the Human Torch being replaced by a new character, Firestar, who had similar powers, but was a mutant like Iceman. Due to Firestar's popularity with fans, she has since become a part of the mainstream Marvel Universe. In pre-production, Firestar's codename changed frequently; the unused names include Firefly, Starblaze, and Heatwave.