title: Tim Davie

text: In June 2008, it was announced that he was replacing Jenny Abramsky, who served at the BBC for 39 years before leaving to chair the Heritage Lottery Fund. Appointed Director of Audio & Music, he sat on the BBC's Executive Board with overall responsibility for all of the BBC's national radio networks and the corporation's music output across all media. This included BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio 4; as well as the BBC digital radio stations BBC Asian Network, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Radio 6 Music and BBC Radio 4 Extra (then BBC 7); the three BBC Orchestras based in England; and The Proms. During this time he was involved in abandoned plans to close down Radio 6 Music and the Asian Network. In July 2009 he was on "The Guardian"'s list of the 100 most influential people in the media.


title: Tim Davie

text: Davie took over as acting Director-General on 11 November 2012 following the resignation of George Entwistle in the wake of the "Newsnight" broadcast which did not name any individual but which led to Internet speculation which incorrectly identified Conservative Lord McAlpine in the North Wales child abuse case. He became chief executive officer of BBC Worldwide following the appointment of Tony Hall. BBC Worldwide merged with the TV-making arm of the BBC, BBC Studios, in April 2018 and Davie served as both the Chief Executive of BBC Studios and a Director globally.


title: Tim Davie

text: He was awarded a CBE in 2018, for services to international trade. In 2019 he earned £642,000 and was the BBC's highest paid executive.


title: Tim Davie

text: In January 2020, Tony Hall announced he was resigning from the Director-General's position before the scheduled end of his tenure. In May 2020, Davie was one of four candidates shortlisted to succeed Hall in the position. On 5 June 2020, it was announced he would become the corporation's seventeenth Director-General from 1 September.


title: Tim Davie

text: In August 2020 Tim Davie announced his intention for the BBC to "find a better balance of satirical targets rather than constantly aiming jokes at the Tories." He also announced his support of the licence fee as opposed to a Netflix style subscription service.


title: Tim Davie

text: In September 2020, appearing before the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, Davie justified the salary of BBC's highest paid star Gary Lineker saying the salary was worth it because of the value of analysis to the viewing audience.


title: Tim Davie

text: In October 2020, he set out new guidelines for BBC staff, stating that they should avoid expressing their personal views on current issues of political controversy (which he called 'virtue signalling') on their own private social media accounts. He said this was to reduce perceived bias in the BBC. This would include a ban on news reporters taking part in "public demonstrations or gatherings about controversial issues", with some BBC managers citing trans rights and Black Lives Matter as examples. Davie later said that journalists could attend events such as Pride marches if they were "celebratory" and not "taking a stand on politicised or contested issues".


title: Tim Davie

text: In December 2021, Davie was elected to the Executive Board of the European Broadcasting Union. He was re-elected in December 2022 to serve a further two years on the Board, until December 2024.


title: Tim Davie

text: Davie is Chairman of Comic Relief, Trustee of the Tate and the Royal Television Society, and in 2018 was appointed as Chairman of the Creative Industries Council.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Kyle Dalton Sandilands (born 10 June 1971) is an Australian radio host and television personality. He is currently the co-host, with Jackie O, of the weekday morning radio program "The Kyle and Jackie O Show" on Sydney's radio station KIIS 106.5.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: From 2005 to 2009, and again in 2023, Sandilands served as a judge on "Australian Idol". In 2008, he became the host of "Big Brother", alongside Jackie O. In 2010, he became a judge on "Australia's Got Talent" and also on Australia's version of "The X Factor".


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Sandilands has become known for controversial on-air stunts and offensive comments. This has led to companies removing their advertisements, findings of serious breaches of the Industry Codes of Practice and Guidelines, and to his firing from "Australian Idol".


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Sandilands and co-host Jackie O moved to new station KIIS 106.5 in 2014 with their show, "The Kyle and Jackie Ho Show", to the ARN (Australian Radio Network).


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2014, Sandilands made his first appearance in a motion picture in "Fat Pizza vs. Housos". The film was first shown in Australian cinemas on 27 November 2014.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Sandilands landed his first radio job in 1992, at the age of 21, at 4TO Townsville where he was employed to drive the station's promotional vehicle. Within weeks he had declared his willingness to do whatever it took to get ahead: to work anywhere, in any time slot. He took gigs in Cairns, and then Darwin, before joining Austereo's Triple M in a Brisbane station by using a false resumé to impress one of the station's executives. In 1999, he moved to Sydney, and commenced at 2Day FM as host of the "Hot30 Countdown", replacing "Ugly Phil O'Neil", a former husband of Jacqueline Henderson (Jackie O). Sandilands attributes his radio career taking off to being told by then Group Program Director Jeff Allis to "do whatever you want, just win". Sandilands was paid $255,000 per year while working on the "Hot30".


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Much media coverage of Sandilands has focused on the negative aspects of his personality and behaviour, notably his widely publicised clashes with and criticism of other media figures, his intemperate on-air outbursts and his alleged "out of control" ego. In September 2006, Sandilands was named the most hated Australian identity in a "Zoo Weekly" article, although on 14 October 2006, Sandilands and Henderson were named "Best On-Air Team" at the Australian Commercial Radio Awards. Sandilands and Jackie O were again named "Best On-Air Team" at the Australian Commercial Radio Awards in 2007, 2011, and 2015.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In August 2009, "The Kyle and Jackie O Show" was put into "indefinite recess" by the Austereo network as a result of a controversial on-air stunt on his morning show on 29 July 2009. He returned to his radio show on 18 August 2009 but was suspended on 9 September 2009 due to on-air comments relating to Magda Szubanski. In the same year he was again named the most hated by "Zoo Weekly". Sandilands and Henderson were the hosts of the nationally syndicated chart show "The Hot Hits", before swapping host roles with Andrew Günsberg in December 2009, who had previously hosted "Take40 Australia", but left the show at the end of 2011.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2005, Sandilands replaced Ian "Dicko" Dickson as one of the judges on Network Ten's "Australian Idol". He continued as a judge on "Idol" until, just before the premiere of its seventh season, he was dropped from the show in August 2009. He was involved in a number of controversies relating to remarks to contestants as his stint as a judge. In October 2005, he referred to the eventual 2005 "Idol" winner Kate DeAraugo's arms as "tuckshop lady arms". In September 2006, Sandilands told 2006 runner-up contestant Jessica Mauboy to lose her "jelly belly". A year later, Sandilands referred to contestant Bobby Flynn as a "mong" – a derogatory slang term for mongoloid, referring to people suffering from Down syndrome. Sandilands claimed that he meant no disrespect to those with Down syndrome. On 3 August 2009, Network Ten issued a press statement announcing that Sandilands had been sacked from "Australian Idol", citing the network's view that the "Kyle and Jackie O Show's" content was incompatible with the family-oriented image of "Idol".


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In September 2022, Sandilands was announced as a returning judge for the Seven Network’s revival of the series for 2023.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2002, Sandilands competed in the only Australian series of "Celebrity Big Brother". He finished 3rd on day 23.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 14 July 2008, two weeks before the season finale, Sandilands appeared on the 2007 Australian season of "Big Brother". In an attempt to boost poor ratings and to promote the 2007 season of "Australian Idol", Sandilands entered the Gold Coast compound and was due to conduct his radio program in house on that Monday morning. However, after a heated verbal exchange with Big Brother, Sandilands reportedly required anti-nausea injections for migraines and began vomiting every 30 minutes. He left the house soon after. In 2008, Sandilands and Henderson became the hosts of the 2008 season of "Big Brother" replacing Gretel Killeen. The ratings for the launch of the 2008 series were the lowest in the show's history, and Network Ten ultimately confirmed that it would not continue past the current season.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In January 2010, it was announced that Sandilands and Brian McFadden would be the new judges on the fourth season of "Australia's Got Talent", replacing former judges Tom Burlinson and Red Symons. During one of the show's auditions, Sandilands was involved in another controversy relating to a contestant on the show. He had asked contestant Heather Cook, "Are you male or female?" When Cook tried to make light of the question, Sandilands then made a joke about her weight, saying, "You're a belly full of laughs". Sandilands added he wasn't hired to be "bland and boring", and that he was just being honest.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In May 2010, it was announced that Sandilands would become one of the new judges as also the fourth judge on the second season of "The X Factor Australia", alongside other new judges Ronan Keating, Guy Sebastian and Natalie Imbruglia who replaced John Reid, Mark Holden and Kate Ceberano. On 16 March 2011, Sandilands announced on his breakfast radio show that he would not be returning as a judge in the third series of "The X Factor". He was replaced by Mel B.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2017, Sandilands narrated the reality television program "Meet the Hockers", a show similar to "Pawn Stars", which he also produced. The series debuted on 9Go! on 16 May 2017, and attracted very low ratings of just 98,000 viewers, being beaten by numerous other multichannel programs in the same timeslot.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2018, Sandilands appeared in a pilot for a possible television series, "Trial By Kyle", on Network Ten. The reality show is set in a court room with Sandilands passing judgement across a whole range of real life cases. Helping him analyse the evidence is former "The Bachelor Australia" contestant and criminal lawyer Anna Heinrich. The pilot proceeded to a series in 2019.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In July and August 2005, Sandilands was accused of "cooking the charts" by giving airplay to "Ooh Ahh" (a song by his then-girlfriend, Tamara Jaber). The allegations were made on TV current affairs program "Today Tonight". In 2006, Sandilands won a defamation suit, with the court ruling that "Today Tonight" had defamed the radio host.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 2 July 2007, Sandilands and Jackie O were involved in an on-air clash with Australian music personality Molly Meldrum, who described Sandilands as "arrogant", "fat" and "talentless".


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 20 August 2007, "Media Watch" examined Sandilands' on-air comments asserting that smoking was not as harmful to people as many institutions would lead people to believe and that the statistics presented by these institutions are falsified. These comments led to the Cancer Institute of New South Wales pulling their "13-QUIT" advertisements off the network.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 22 August 2007 Sandilands was interviewed by Andrew Denton for "Enough Rope". During the interview Sandilands said he wanted to "punch Dave Hughes in the throat" next time he saw him. This was in response to Hughes' reference to Sandilands as a "dickhead" on another program. A subsequent article in "The Sydney Morning Herald" cited unspecified reports which claimed that Sandilands was left in a "hostile state" by Denton's questions about Sandilands' need to take personal responsibility for the results of his actions on air.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 29 July 2009, a radio segment involved a distressed teenager who was asked to discuss her sexual history live on air, and in front of her mother. After initially sounding very uncomfortable with the questioning, the girl began crying and said she had been raped when she was 12, and that her mother was already aware of this. Sandilands replied: "Right... is that the only experience you've had?" The stunt was cut short and co-host Jackie O was quick to apologise; however, several of the show's prominent advertisers quickly withdrew sponsorships. In the following days, media commentators, psychologists and rape crisis workers condemned the stunt while expressing deep concern for the well-being of the teenager.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 3 August 2009, Network Ten issued a press statement announcing that Sandilands had been sacked from "Australian Idol", citing the network's view that the "Kyle and Jackie O Show"s content was incompatible with the family-oriented image of "Idol". Guest judges replaced him for the rest of the season. It was also announced that the "Kyle and Jackie O Show" on 2Day FM and "The Kyle and Jackie O Hour of Power" would be in recess until a review was completed. A Network Ten spokesman said of Sandilands' firing: ""Idol" has remained a family-focused show, even more so this year with the 6.30 pm Sunday timeslot. His radio persona has taken on a more controversial position... which is not in the interest of the show."


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Responding to his firing, Sandilands said in a statement, "I'm disappointed at Channel 10's decision to remove me from "Australian Idol". I have truly loved being a part of the show." Network Ten had held crisis talks with advertisers in the days prior to his firing amid concerns Sandilands would damage their brands. "Idol" creator Simon Fuller reportedly gave Ten his blessing to fire Sandilands. It was believed Sandilands earned A$1 million of his estimated annual A$2.8 million income from "Idol". The suspension of the radio show was announced on Sunday 2 August 2009. The show's usual 6:00 am to 9:00 am slot on 3 August was filled by Chris Page who announced that "They have not been suspended ... the show has not finished." Page then reread Austereo general manager Jenny Parkes' statement on air just after 6:30 am:


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Kyle Sandilands's management has advised Austereo that he is unable to perform his duties on-air at this time. Further, following a great deal of consideration and having consulted Jackie O and all stakeholders, Austereo has formed the view that it is in the interest of all parties for the [program] to go into recess until we have completed an across-the-networks review of the principals [sic] and protocols of our interaction with our audience.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Sandilands' comments about disability have outraged Australian disability groups. He called a child with disability a "spider baby" in 2012, and he used terms like "spastics" and "retards". He said he would donate $35,000 to a family of a child with a disability in 2009; however, he donated only $20,000, but he later gave the full amount. In 2006, Sandliands referred to an "Australian Idol" contestant as a "mong", a term that has been used in the past as a label for people with Down syndrome.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 19 September 2019, Sandilands commented on air that the Mother of Jesus was a "liar who got knocked up behind a camel shed" (a skeptical reference to the virgin birth of Jesus), among other related comments. Sandilands later apologised for the remarks; but this did not pacify protesters, who on 23 September called for Sandilands to be sacked, likening the situation to the sacking of Israel Folau earlier that year. The Kyle and Jackie O Show returned to air on 30 September 2019 following a week off air.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In 2022 Sandilands claimed that monkeypox was a 'big gay disease' and that “only the gays” are contracting monkeypox. He later claimed that “no one else is giving the gays the warning.”


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On various occasions, including in the "Enough Rope" interview, Sandilands has spoken to the media of his difficult childhood. Growing up in Wynnum, Brisbane, he was deeply affected by his parents' divorce, which happened when he was 10. At 15 his mother and stepfather threw him out of their house after he held a party and damaged their car while they were absent. He never went back, alternating between friends' houses and living on the streets. At 17 his father sent him to live in Townsville with his aunt, Jill Stevens. Interviewed in 2005, Stevens recalled for "The Sydney Morning Herald" that the young Sandilands:used to listen to that Tammy Wynette song D-I-V-O-R-C-E and just cry and cry. He's never gotten over his parents' divorce... When he was living on the streets, he used to sit outside his father's house at night and watch the lights go out.On 26 September 2008, Sandilands married pop singer Tamara Jaber and the couple shared a house in St Ives, located in Sydney's Upper North Shore. However, on 12 July 2010 it was reported the couple had split.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: Since March 2012, it was reported that Sandilands was in a relationship with model Imogen Anthony. They split up in 2019.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: On 13 August 2015, Sandilands took his shirt off during a live broadcast of "The Morning Show", after claiming he has been "fat-shamed" by the media, and afterwards admitted "I think I'm going to have to do something about the weight. I've got the high blood pressure, the sleep apnoea, I'm a mess." He also confirmed he was to have a hernia operation in December 2015.


title: Kyle Sandilands

text: In February 2022, Sandilands and his partner Tegan announced they were expecting a baby, and had the gender reveal for Otto during a lavish cruise on Sydney Harbour as two planes streaked coloured smoke overhead. Before their son's birth, Sandilands' announced that they were naming his radio partner Jackie O (radio host) as Otto's godmother, surprising her in their studio off-air. On 11 August 2022 Kyle Sandilands became a father for the first time, when his fiance Tegan Kynaston gave birth to their son Otto.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure () is an American metalcore band formed in 2003. Originally based in New Fairfield, Connecticut, before moving to Queens, New York, the group has released eight albums, with their first public release being a 2006 EP entitled "The Complete Guide to Needlework".


title: Emmure

text: Victory Records has worked with the band throughout most of their career, starting with "Goodbye to the Gallows" (2007). Their second, third and fourth albums "The Respect Issue" (2008), "Felony" (2009) and "Speaker of the Dead" (2011) were all distributed through Victory as well. After the band's initial four-album contract with Victory expired, they signed again with Victory to distribute their fifth and sixth studio albums, "Slave to the Game" (2012) and "Eternal Enemies" (2014). However after nine years of being signed to the label, Emmure would leave Victory in 2016 to sign with SharpTone. The seventh and eighth Emmure albums, titled "Look at Yourself" and "Hindsight" were released on March 3, 2017 and June 26, 2020 respectively.


title: Emmure

text: The band's vocalist, Frankie Palmeri (born 1986), is the only remaining original member and has been subject to some controversy over the years. His personality has made the band unique from other acts in the genre, and critics have described his "no-fucks-given" attitude as an entertaining standpoint for the band.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure was started in 2003. Frankie Palmeri (from Queens, New York) met Joe and Ben Lionetti (from New Fairfield, Connecticut) through an internet message board. Palmeri then traveled to Connecticut to begin rehearsals together. Bassist Dan Steindler and guitarist Jesse Ketive, residents of New Fairfield and Queens, respectively, then joined when the three began another recruiting search for members. The band named themselves "Emmure", being a reference to the act of immurement, which is a form of execution.


title: Emmure

text: In 2004, bassist Steindler left the band and was later replaced by Mark Davis, which marked the first ever lineup change in the band. Ketive was formerly in the band Warfix, in which he played guitar alongside Sean Murphy and Mike Kaabe of Endwell (Kaabe eventually joining Emmure himself in April 2009) and Bryan Goldsman of Southside Panic (and co-producer of "Felony").


title: Emmure

text: The band recorded some demo tapes and played local gigs around the New York area from 2003 - 2005. Palmeri proclaimed that in 2005, the band "started becoming more serious”.


title: Emmure

text: In 2008, the band finished a tour in the lower 48 US states supporting Misery Signals, August Burns Red, and Burn Down Rome. That summer was spent on their headlining tour with Endwell, On Broken Wings, Ligeia, Recon, Unite and Conquer, Carnifex and others.


title: Emmure

text: On May 1, 2009, rumors of the Lionetti brothers' departure from the band, due to conflict between members, were confirmed in a statement from Joe Lionetti. According to its page on Victory Records' web site, Emmure found a new guitarist and drummer in Mike Mulholland and Michael Kaabe, respectively. Mike Kaabe formerly played with Warfix, Hulk Blood, and Endwell and is also the step-brother of Emmure guitarist Jesse Ketive.


title: Emmure

text: On June 20, 2009 the music video of "False Love in Real Life" was broadcast on MTV's "Headbanger's Ball", which was directed by Frankie Nasso. Nasso previously directed the video to "Sound Wave Superior" as well. Emmure completed their third studio album, "Felony", released on August 18, 2009 on Victory Records. The album, of which, is allegedly inspired by a real event in which vocalist Frankie Palmeri assaulted his best friend by "[hitting] him in the head with a bottle", which resulted in Palmeri being arrested. Following the release of the album, Emmure was announced as one of the groups to be featured on 2010's Warped Tour as well as The Bamboozle.


title: Emmure

text: The group was included on Attack Attack!'s headlining This Is a Family Tour alongside Of Mice & Men, Pierce the Veil and In Fear and Faith. They embarked on the Reckless and Relentless Tour with Asking Alexandria, Chiodos, Miss May I, Evergreen Terrace, and Lower than Atlantis and have joined the Never Say Die! tour across Europe along with Parkway Drive, Comeback Kid, Bleeding Through, War From a Harlots Mouth, Your Demise and We Came as Romans. Emmure released their next album, "Speaker of the Dead" on February 15, 2011. On January 18, 2011, Emmure released a single from the album "Demons with Ryu" onto iTunes. On February 9, 2011, the music video for "Solar Flare Homicide" premiered. "Speaker of the Dead" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard 200 and number 11 on the top Independent Albums.


title: Emmure

text: They toured in The Mosh Lives tour with Visions, We Set the Sun, Iwrestledabearonce, War from a Harlots Mouth, and Winds of Plague in Europe. The group also co-headlined the All Stars Tour in summer of 2011 with Alesana, Blessthefall, The Ghost Inside, In This Moment, Motionless in White, and many other bands. The band also co-headlined the Never Say Die tour with Vanna, The Human Abstract, As Blood Runs Black, The Word Alive, Deez Nuts, and Suicide Silence. In October 2011, drummer Mike Kaabe was fired from the band after multiple conflicts with the band's members as well as the band's manager.


title: Emmure

text: On January 4, 2012, guitarist Jesse Ketive confirmed that the band began recording their fifth album with producer Joey Sturgis, who produced their previous release "Speaker of the Dead". Four days following this, Lambgoat revealed that ex-Bury Your Dead and Crossfade drummer Mark Castillo had joined Emmure for the recording of their fifth full-length. Castillo later confirmed that he would be leaving Crossfade to drum for Emmure full-time. The album was announced to be titled "Slave to the Game" and would be released on April 10, 2012. Prior to the recording of "Slave to the Game", Emmure re-signed with Victory Records after their previous four-album contract's expiration. On February 3, 2012, Emmure released a video for "Drug Dealer Friend". On March 7, 2012, the band released their first single from "Slave to the Game", entitled "Protoman", which was later released digitally, concurrently with the album's second single "I Am Onslaught". A video was later shot and released for "Protoman". On May 25, 2012, it was announced that the band was filming a video for the track "MDMA", thus making it the third single from "Slave to the Game".


title: Emmure

text: "Slave to the Game" was positively received by criticts, however, Palmeri has heavily panned the album insisting that it's a commercial failure. In a 2017 interview, he stated “The songs suck. It’s just not good. None of the riffs are good. I just don’t like it. I feel bad ‘cause I let that record happen.”


title: Emmure

text: From July 13 – August 28, 2012, Emmure took part in Metal Hammer's "Trespass America Festival" headlined by Five Finger Death Punch with additional support from Battlecross, God Forbid, Pop Evil, Trivium and Killswitch Engage. The band also confirmed they had once again re-signed with Victory Records for their sixth album, which will be recorded towards the end of 2013 with a planned release for Spring 2014. On February 18, they announced the release of their sixth album, Eternal Enemies, which will be released via-Victory Records on April 15, 2014. It was officially announced on July 2 that drummer Castillo quit the band "under amicable circumstances." The same month, rapper Riff Raff released a remix of his song "2 Girls 1 Pipe" that features Frankie Palmeri. Emmure also supported Parkway Drive on their Atlas 2012 European tour with The Word Alive and Structures also joining them From November 11 to December 12.


title: Emmure

text: The band was also featured on the entire Rockstar Energy Mayhem Festival in 2014 with bands like Avenged Sevenfold, Korn, Cannibal Corpse, Suicide Silence, Trivium, Asking Alexandria, Miss May I, Veil of Maya, Upon a Burning Body and Body Count.


title: Emmure

text: On November 20, 2014, Emmure began their headline US tour, the Eternal Enemies Tour. In support were The Acacia Strain, Fit for a King, Kublai Khan, and Sylar. The tour ended on December 21, 2014 in New York. Stray from the Path was originally slated to also appear on the tour, but dropped off weeks before its commencement to allow them to finish an upcoming album. It was simultaneously announced that Sylar would take their place on the tour. The Eternal Enemies Tour was much anticipated due to the fact that Emmure and The Acacia Strain once had a well publicized feud back in 2009, which has since cooled, and both co-headlined the tour. The two bands' former feud was often parodied by promotional posters for the tour, including a bill and a teaser video both advertising that the tour was "Emmure vs. The Acacia Strain".


title: Emmure

text: In February 2015, Emmure and Suicide Silence did a co-headlining tour in the United States with support from Within the Ruins and Fit for an Autopsy. However, vocalist Palmeri damaged his voice and was unable to perform for a leg of the tour. He was, however, able to return to singing again on March 13. A European tour with Caliban, Thy Art Is Murder and Sworn In was also announced. But it was canceled since Palmeri still had severe acute and chronic reflux laryngitis and a weak left vocal cord. Emmure began to tour again in September with Hatebreed at the UK's GhostFest. As well as two headlining shows in Russia with Born of Osiris as support. In October 2015, Emmure was originally going to support All That Remains and We Came as Romans on the Hardrive Live Fallout tour. But due to personal issues within the band, Emmure dropped off the tour.


title: Emmure

text: On December 22, 2015, it was reported by mass sources including Alternative Press and Lambgoat that all members apart from vocalist Frankie Palmeri had departed from the group. There is a conflicting debate on the reason for the members' exit. Longtime bassist Mark Davis announced that they would be forming a project of their own, and stated in another interview that the reason for the members' exit from Emmure involved Palmeri not letting the band play a line of scheduled US shows, he concluded this by saying “If someone is bringing you down or holding you back from your full potential, it's time to cut them out, no matter how much you may love them.” Palmeri, on the other hand, stated in an interview with Blabbermouth; "to me, they lost the passion for playing in Emmure a long time ago." Months later Palmeri revealed the new Emmure lineup during a comeback show Oberhausen, Germany, which includes current and past members of Glass Cloud and the now-defunct Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure announced their departure from Victory Records on October 13, 2016 and had signed with SharpTone Records, while also releasing the first single "Torch" from their upcoming album, titled "Look at Yourself". On December 16, 2016, the band released "Russian Hotel Aftermath", the second single.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure toured well into 2017, the band supported After the Burial on their Carry the Flame tour alongside Fit for A King, Fit for An Autopsy and Invent, Animate in the Winter of 2017. Emmure also played on the entire 2017 Vans Warped Tour, the band appeared on the Monster Energy Stage. Emmure also returned to Europe in the Fall of 2017, playing on the Never Say Die tour. They headlined the tour alongside Deez Nuts and Chelsea Grin. Kublai Khan, Sworn In, Polaris and Lorna Shore all joined up as support on the tour. Emmure returned to Australia in the February of 2018, as they supported Thy Art is Murder on their headliner with Fit for an Autopsy and Justice for the Damned also rounding up the lineup. The band also did a short run in Japan during February. Emmure did a USA headliner in the Spring of 2018, Counterparts, King 810 and Varials all joined the tour as main support. Emmure opened up for Thy Art is Murder once again on the European Death Dealers tour. Miss May I and Knocked Loose were also part of the lineup. In the Fall of 2018, Emmure and Stick to Your Guns co-headlined a tour throughout the Fall of 2018. Wage War and Sanction joined the lineup as support.


title: Emmure

text: In the Spring of 2019, Emmure headlined another European tour once again with Rise of the North Star, Obey the Brave, Fit for A King and Alpha Wolf.


title: Emmure

text: Vocalist Frankie Palmeri confirmed via a tweet on August 19, 2019 that the band had entered the studio to begin recording their eighth full-length album.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure will open up for As I Lay Dying once again, this time in Europe with Whitechapel and Une Misère joining the lineup.


title: Emmure

text: On October 31, 2019, the band released a new single "PIGS EAR" and also tweeted "HINDSIGHT IS 2020". On March 13, 2020, they released the album's second single "Gypsy Disco"(Directed by Eric DiCarlo/SquareUp Studios) continuing with the quote "HINDSIGHT IS 2020" on Twitter.


title: Emmure

text: After recording of the album had finished members moved onto other projects. When the COVID-19 pandemic began members began needing to gain more revenue. Guitarist Joshua Travis has released new solo music, Josh "Baby J" Miller began a new band with Chelsea Grin vocalist Tom Barber called Darko. and Frankie Palmeri has begun streaming on twitch and revived his podcast.


title: Emmure

text: On May 29, 2020, the band released the album's third single "Uncontrollable Descent" not only with the slogan "HINDSIGHT IS 2020" but the album cover and the song features a sample saying "HINDSIGHT" in the outro. The band then released the fourth single "I've Scene God" on 12 June 2020.


title: Emmure

text: The album was released on the aforementioned date and received generally positive reviews, most noting how the album still has Emmure's signature Deathcore and Nu Metal influences but the latter are far more prominent on this record than any before.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure has been described as deathcore, metalcore, extreme metal and alternative metal with added elements of nu metal The band has received both praise and criticism for the abundance of breakdowns in their music. Spoken words, death growls, shrieks, breakdowns, rapping and dissonant chords are often featured in Emmure's music.


title: Emmure

text: Lyrical topics that Emmure touches upon usually focus on breakups, social indifference, philosophy, and religion. Many of the band's songs contain references to video games and comic books, particularly from "Street Fighter" and Marvel Comics, of which vocalist Frankie Palmeri is an avid fan. However, in a 2013 interview with Get Your Rock Out, Palmeri explained that he would not be writing songs based on metaphors involving Marvel Comics characters any longer as he felt that "those avenues are not the correct catharsis for the band anymore." On February 15, 2020, Frankie Palmieri tweeted about his past lyrics, saying he "rejected the person he was" but he "didn't regret anything (he said)".


title: Emmure

text: Frankie Palmeri has stated that he is influenced by Fred Durst of Limp Bizkit and Jonathan Davis of Korn. The band are also influenced by Chimaira, Fear Factory, Candiria and Hatebreed. Palmeri expresses much admiration for Faith No More singer Mike Patton and has cited his advice as a guide for his own vocal approach.


title: Emmure

text: Emmure's frontman Frankie Palmeri was subject to controversy in 2012, when a line of T-shirts under his name began being produced that depicted an image of assailants Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold during the Columbine massacre coupled with the phrase "Shoot First Ask Questions Last" and another line with a scene from "American History X" which states "Violence As A Way of Life". Several journalists criticized the designs as "poorly designed" and "terribly offensive" while lacking any purpose or social commentary other than to stir controversy. Additionally, Palmeri has been quoted in a variety of online rants in which he uses the words "faggot" and "nigga" repeatedly, moves which have caused some observers to label him a racist and homophobic.


title: Emmure

text: With the release of a track-listing for their album "Eternal Enemies" on February 18, 2014, the band sparked another bit of controversy based around the name of the first track, "Bring a Gun to School", leading their ex-rhythm guitarist Ben Lionetti to post a statement regarding his former band and addressing the track, and referring to Palmeri as a "disgusting human being". He threatened legal action against the band, the label that holds them and their management in order to reclaim what is "owed to him" and his brother Joe, who is also a former member of the band. Ultimately, Emmure changed the title of the song to simply "(Untitled)" due to the outcry.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: In archaeology, a tell or tel (borrowed into English from , "", 'mound' or 'small hill'), is an artificial topographical feature, a species of mound consisting of the accumulated and stratified debris of a succession of consecutive settlements at the same site, the refuse of generations of people who built and inhabited them, and of natural sediment.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: Tells are most commonly associated with the ancient Near East, but they are also found elsewhere, such as Southern and parts of Central Europe, from Greece and Bulgaria to Hungary and Spain and in North Africa. Within the Near East, they are concentrated in less arid regions, including Upper Mesopotamia, the Southern Levant, Anatolia and Iran, which had more continuous settlement. Eurasian tells date to the Neolithic, the Neolithic/Chalcolithic, and the Bronze Age/Iron Age era. In the Southern Levant the time of the tells ended with the conquest by Alexander the Great, which ushered in the Hellenistic period with its own, different settlement-building patterns. Many tells across the Near East continue to be occupied and used today.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: The word "tell" is first attested in English in an 1840 report in the "Journal of the Royal Geographical Society". It is derived from the Arabic () meaning 'mound' or 'hillock'. Variant spellings include "tall", "tel", "til", and "tal".


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: The Arabic word has many cognates in other Semitic languages, such as Akkadian , Ugaritic , and Hebrew (). The Akkadian form is similar to Sumerian , which can also refer to a 'pile' of any material, like grain, but it is not known whether the similarity reflects a borrowing from that language, or if the Sumerian term itself was a loanword from an earlier Semitic substrate language. If Akkadian is related to another word in that language, , meaning 'woman's breast', there exists a similar term in the South Semitic classical Ethiopian language of Geʽez, namely , 'breast'. Hebrew first appears in the biblical book of Deuteronomy (ca. 500–700 BCE), describing a heap or small mound, and appearing in the books of Joshua and Ezekiel with the same meaning.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: There are lexically unrelated equivalents for this geophysical concept of a town-mound in other Southwest Asian languages, including in Egyptian Arabic, or (Turkish/), or (Turkish), and "chogha" (, from Turkish and derivatives etc.). These often appear in place names, and the word itself is one of the most common prefixes for Palestinian toponyms. The Arabic word "khirbet", also spelled "khirbat" (), meaning 'ruin', also occurs in the names of many archaeological tells, such as Khirbet et-Tell (roughly meaning 'heap of ruins').


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: A tell can only be formed if natural and man-produced material accumulates faster than it is removed by erosion and human-caused truncation, which explains the limited geographical area they occur in.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: Tells are formed from a variety of remains, including organic and cultural refuse, collapsed mudbricks and other building materials, water-laid sediments, residues of biogenic and geochemical processes, and aeolian sediment. A classic tell looks like a low, truncated cone with sloping sides and a flat, mesa-like top. They can be more than high.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: It is thought that the earliest examples of tells are to be found in the Jordan Valley, such as at the 10 meter-high mound, dating back to the proto-Neolithic period, at Jericho in the West Bank. Upwards of 5,000 tells have been detected in the area of ancient Israel and Jordan. Of these Paul Lapp calculated in the 1960s that 98% had yet to be touched by archaeologists.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: In Syria, tells are abundant in the Upper Mesopotamia region, in which they scatter along the Euphrates, including Tell al-'Abr, Tell Bazi, Tell Kabir, Tell Mresh, Tell Saghir and Tell Banat. The latter is thought to be the site of the oldest war memorial (known as the White Monument), dated back to the 3rd millennium BC.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: Tells can be found in Europe in countries like Spain, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Greece.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: Northeastern Bulgaria has a rich archaeological heritage of eneolithic tells from the 5th millennium BCE.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: In Neolithic Greece, there is a contrast between the northern Thessalian plain where rainfall was sufficient to permit densely populated settlements based on dry-farming and the more dispersed sites in southern Greece, such as the Peloponesus, where early villages sprang up around the smaller arable tracts close to springs, lakes and marshes. There are two models to account for the tell structures of this part of southern Europe, one developed by Paul Halstead and the other by John Chapman. Chapman envisaged the tell as witness to a nucleated communal society, whereas Halstead emphasized the idea that they arose as individual household structures. Thessalian tells often reflect small hamlets with a small population of around 40–80.


title: Tell (archaeology)

text: The Toumbas of Macedonia and the Magoulas of Thessaly are the local names for tell sites in these regions of Greece.


title: Lens flare

text: A lens flare happens when light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable artifact in the image. This happens through light scattered by the imaging mechanism itself, for example through internal reflection and forward scatter from material imperfections in the lens. Lenses with large numbers of elements such as zooms tend to have more lens flare, as they contain a relatively large number of interfaces at which internal scattering may occur. These mechanisms differ from the focused image generation mechanism, which depends on rays from the refraction of light from the subject itself.


title: Lens flare

text: There are two types of flare: visible artifacts and glare across the image. The glare makes the image look "washed out" by reducing contrast and color saturation (adding light to dark image regions, and adding white to saturated regions, reducing their saturation). Visible artifacts, usually in the shape of the aperture made by the iris diaphragm, are formed when light follows a pathway through the lens that contains one or more reflections from the lens surfaces.


title: Lens flare

text: Flare is particularly caused by very bright light sources. Most commonly, this occurs when aiming toward the Sun (when the Sun is in frame or the lens is pointed sunward), and is reduced by using a lens hood or other shade. For good-quality optical systems, and for most images (which do not have a bright light shining into the lens), flare is a secondary effect that is widely distributed across the image and thus not visible, although it does reduce contrast.


title: Lens flare

text: The spatial distribution of the lens flare typically manifests as several starbursts, rings, or circles in a row across the image or view. Lens flare patterns typically spread widely across the scene and change location with the camera's movement relative to light sources, tracking with the light position and fading as the camera points away from the bright light until it causes no flare at all. The specific spatial distribution of the flare depends on the shape of the aperture of the image formation elements. For example, if the lens has a 6-bladed aperture, the flare may have a hexagonal pattern.


title: Lens flare

text: Such internal scattering is also present in the human eye, and manifests in an unwanted veiling glare most obvious when viewing very bright lights or highly reflective surfaces. In some situations, eyelashes can also create flare-like irregularities, although these are technically diffraction artifacts.


title: Lens flare

text: When a bright light source is shining on the lens but not in its field of view, lens flare appears as a haze that washes out the image and reduces contrast. This can be avoided by shading the lens using a lens hood. In a studio, a gobo or set of barn doors can be attached to the lighting to keep it from shining on the camera. Filters can be attached to the camera lens which will also minimise lens flare, which is especially useful for outdoor photographers.


title: Lens flare

text: When using an anamorphic lens, as is common in analog cinematography, lens flare can manifest itself as horizontal lines. This is most commonly seen in car headlights in a dark scene, and may be desired as part of the "film look".


title: Lens flare

text: A lens flare is often deliberately used to invoke a sense of drama. A lens flare is also useful when added to an artificial or modified image composition because it adds a sense of realism, implying that the image is an un-edited original photograph of a "real life" scene.


title: Lens flare

text: For both of these reasons (implying realism and/or drama) artificial lens flare is a common effect in various graphics editing programs, although its use can be a point of contention among professional graphic designers. Lens flare was one of the first special effects developed for computer graphics because it can be imitated using relatively simple means. Basic flare-like effects, for instance in computer and video games, can be obtained using static or animated starburst, ring, and disc textures that are moved according to the position of the light source. More sophisticated rendering techniques have been developed based on ray tracing or photon mapping.


title: Lens flare

text: Lens flare was typically avoided by Hollywood cinematographers, but when filming "Easy Rider" (1969), Harrison Arnold was forced to modify a camera car for his Arriflex, which resulted in numerous lens flares as he shot motorcycle footage against landscapes of the Southwestern United States.


title: Lens flare

text: Director J. J. Abrams added numerous lens flares to his films "Star Trek" (2009) and "Super 8" (2011) by aiming powerful off-camera light sources at the lens. He explained in an interview about "Star Trek": "I wanted a visual system that felt unique. I know there are certain shots where even I watch and think, 'Oh that's ridiculous, that was too many.' But I love the idea that the future was so bright it couldn't be contained in the frame." Many complained of the frequent use; Abrams admitted it was "overdone, in some places."


title: Lens flare

text: David Boyd, the director of photography of the sci-fi "Firefly" series, desired this style so much (harkening back to 1970s television), that he sent back cutting-edge lenses that reduced lens flare in exchange for cheaper ones.


title: Lens flare

text: The first deliberate lens flare was made by cinematographer Hiroshi Segawa in the movie "Woman in the Dunes" in 1964. Earlier in the movies, lens flare was considered as defect and was strongly avoided.


title: Lens flare

text: Director Michael Bay, well known for heavy use of CGI in his films, digitally adds lens flares to most light sources in his films.


title: Lens flare

text: The use of photographic filters can cause flare, particularly ghosts of bright lights (under central inversion). This can be eliminated by not using a filter, and reduced by using higher-quality filters or narrower aperture.


title: Lens flare

text: One form of flare is specific to digital cameras. With the sun shining on an unprotected lens, a group of small rainbows appears. This artifact is formed by internal diffraction on the image sensor, which acts like a diffraction grating. Unlike true lens flare, this artifact is not visible in the eyepiece of a digital SLR camera, making it more difficult to avoid.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: The Tonopah Test Range (TTR, also designated as Area 52) is a highly classified, restricted military installation of the United States Department of Defense, and United States Department of Energy (nuclear stockpile stewardship) located about southeast of Tonopah, Nevada. It is part of the northern fringe of the Nellis Range, measuring . Tonopah Test Range is located about northwest of Groom Lake, the home of the Area 51 facility.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: Like the Groom Lake facility, Tonopah is a site of interest to conspiracy theorists, mostly for its use of experimental and classified aircraft. As such, it is not generally the focus of alien enthusiasts, unlike its neighbor. It is currently used for nuclear weapons stockpile reliability testing, research and development of fusing and firing systems, and testing nuclear weapon delivery systems. The airspace comprises restricted area R-4809 of the Nevada Test and Training Range and is often used for military training.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: The Tonopah Test Range is owned by the United States Department of Energy and is managed by Sandia National Laboratories, a division of Honeywell International, which operates the Tonopah Test Range under an Air Force permit with the National Nuclear Security Administration. The range is part of the Great Basin Desert and lies mostly within the Cactus Flat valley, consisting of horst and graben geology. It is flanked by the Cactus Peak hills to the west and the Kawich Peak to the east, which is home of Silverbow, one of the largest mining ghost towns in Nevada. The vegetation consists mostly of black sagebrush and creosote bush. It holds a sizable wild horse and burro population, closely monitored by the Bureau of Land Management. Common denizens of the TTR include the gray fox, pronghorn, coyote, and mule deer, along with the native birds sage thrasher, sage grouse, and sage sparrow.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: One of the primary facilities on the TTR is a large airfield (Area 10), consisting of a runway and numerous hangars. About five minor abandoned airfields exist throughout the TTR which were primarily used during World War II by units based at Tonopah Army Air Field (now serving as Tonopah's municipal airport). Only Mellan Airstrip, southeast of Tonopah Test Range Airport, survived past the 1960s, upgraded to a concrete runway. A US Air Force assessment published in 2000 indicated it was a minimally adequate airfield which was used to support tactical C-130 and C-17 training.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: About six miles (10 km) north of the airfield is a large housing area called Mancamp. It contains about 50 twin-level dormitories. A recreation center houses a bar, a library, game room, weight room, Olympic size indoor pool, racquetball courts, a two-lane bowling alley, a barbecue pad, and an ATM. There is also an athletic track, tennis courts, and softball fields. Just outside Mancamp a small civilian compound existed, but was mostly dismantled by 2000. Google Earth imagery indicated that Mancamp's streets were renovated sometime between 2003 and 2007.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: Operations by Sandia are controlled at the TTR Operations Control Center (Area 3), just southeast of the main airfield, which houses the range safety officer, test director, and key engineers. Activities are monitored with video, high-speed cameras, and radar tracking devices. Though nuclear weapons have never been detonated on the TTR, the 1963 test Project Rollercoaster involved the destruction of four weapons, which caused some plutonium to be dispersed into the soil north of Antelope Lake.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: In the early 20th century the region was used primarily for mining and some grazing. Early maps from the 1930s indicated a roadway connecting the towns of Caliente and Tonopah via Rachel, which ascended Cedar Pass and crossed through the northern part of the future Tonopah Test Range. In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt directed the establishment of a US Army Air Corps training range in this area. During the 1950s, weapons design research had been conducted largely at the Salton Sea testing base, but haze problems forced the Department of Energy to seek another location. The Tonopah Test Range was withdrawn from public use in 1956 and testing began in 1957 for United States Department of Energy weapons programs. For most of its life, the range was administered by Sandia National Laboratories. In 2008 the National Nuclear Security Administration proposed to move its facilities on the Tonopah Test Range to White Sands Missile Range, a move that local and state politicians say would cost the area jobs and lost revenue.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: From 1979 to 1988, Tonopah hosted a MiG air combat training program code named Constant Peg. The brainchild of Colonel Gail Peck, the program was run by the 4477th Test & Evaluation Squadron, "Red Eagles", and allowed American aircrews the opportunity to fly – and to fly against – the fighter aircraft of their Cold War rivals. Constant Peg was formally declassified on November 15, 2006, though it had been discussed by name in various media since the mid-1980s. At the height of the operation, the Red Eagles flew 14 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s and 9 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23s (with additional airframes of both types available for cannibalization), and had also operated the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 until 1982, when the type proved too dangerous to continue flying. Between July 1979 and its final sortie in March 1988, 5,930 aircrew were exposed to Constant Peg.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: F-117s of the 4450th Tactical Group operated from Tonopah in secret from 1982 through 1989 while the program was still classified. During this period Mancamp was connected to the airfield by shuttle bus service, while the airfield in turn was connected to Nellis Air Force Base by between five and twenty Key Air Boeing 727 and/or Boeing 737 flights per day from Nellis to Tonopah. The airfield was also serviced by one or two Janet Boeing 737 flights daily, which were presumably from McCarran International Airport and served Sandia National Laboratories employees. In early 1991, Key Air lost the contract and the service was taken over by American Trans Air Boeing 727 aircraft. Key Air departed directly from Nellis, AFB, and did not utilize McCarren International, as it was too far a distance from the base, and impractical.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: It was revealed in 2007 that during the 1980s a contractor had dumped up to 1,000 pounds of urea at a pond on the TTR, resulting in the die-off of 61 horses in 1988. The fluid had been used as a de-icing agent. The Bureau of Land Management investigated in November 1988, and imposed remedial actions and assessed a $15,000 fine. In 2007 over concerns that the chemical was infiltrating groundwater, a whistleblower unsuccessfully attempted to get the Environmental Protection Agency to intervene, leading to an August 2007 inquiry with the Department of the Interior by Senator Harry Reid.


title: Tonopah Test Range

text: The TTR has also been the site of US testing of foreign-made surface-to-air missile systems. Satellite imagery confirms the US secretly acquiring the Russian made S-300PS surface-to-air missile system from an unknown supplier in order to test UAVs as well as other advanced aircraft based at nearby airbases. According to OSGEOINT, these bases include Creech Air Force Base, the Yucca Lake UAV testing facility, and Nellis Air Force Base, operating the MQ-9 Reaper, RQ-170, and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter in addition to other aircraft. The testing of aircraft is executed under the direction of the 53rd Wing Test and Evaluation Group based at Nellis.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a département in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It covers Paris's western inner suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the east, Val-d'Oise to the north, Yvelines to the west and Essonne to the south. With a population of 1,624,357 (as of 2019) and a total area of 176 square kilometres (68 square miles), it is the second most highly densely populated department of France after Paris. It is the fifth most populous department in France. Its prefecture is Nanterre although Boulogne-Billancourt, one of its two subprefectures alongside Antony, has a larger population.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine is best known for containing the modern office, cinema and shopping complex La Défense, one of Grand Paris's main economic centres and one of Europe's major business districts. Hauts-de-Seine is one of the wealthiest departments in France; it has the second highest GDP per capita in France at €106,800 in 2020. Its inhabitants are called "Altoséquanais" (masculine) and "Altoséquanaises" (feminine) in French.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: The Hauts-de-Seine department was created in 1968, from parts of the former departments of Seine and Seine-et-Oise. Its creation reflected the implementation of a law passed in 1964; Nanterre had already been selected as the prefecture for the new department early in 1965.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: In 2016, the Departmental Council of Hauts-de-Seine voted in favour of a fusion of Hauts-de-Seine and Yvelines, its western neighbour. Following a similar vote in Yvelines, an "établissement public interdépartemental" was established. The fusion project was abandoned in 2021, but the cooperation between the two departments continues.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine and two other small departments (Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne) form an inner ring around Paris, known as the "Petite Couronne" (literal translation: "Little Crown"). Together with the City of Paris, they are included in Greater Paris since 1 January 2016. It is the Smallest Department in France followed by Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne. It is slightly smaller than Maldives. The whole of the department is a salient which is looks like Warwickshire in England, within the districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton and Bedworth, and Rugby.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine is one of France's wealthiest departments and one of Europe's richest areas. Its GDP per capita was €106,800 in 2020, according to Eurostat official figures.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: In the 1990s and early 2000s, Hauts-de-Seine received national media attention as the result of a corruption scandal concerning the misuse of public funds provided for the department's housing projects. Implicated were former minister and departmental council president Charles Pasqua, as well as other personalities of the Rally for the Republic (RPR) party.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine was the political base of Nicolas Sarkozy, President of the French Republic from 2007 to 2012. He was Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine (1983–2002) and President of the Departmental Council of Hauts-de-Seine (2004–2007) before he assumed the office. Sarkozy succeeded Pasqua as President of the Departmental Council.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine is governed by a departmental council. Its 46 members are called departmental councillors. The electorate of Hauts-de-Seine usually votes for right-wing parties; there has never been a left-wing majority since the department's inception in 1968.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: The departmental council is the deliberative organ of the department. The executive is led by the council president, assisted by vice presidents, in charge of various portfolios. Departmental councillors are elected (two per canton) by the department's inhabitants for six-year terms (no term limits). The president of the Departmental Council is Georges Siffredi, elected in 2020.


title: Hauts-de-Seine

text: Hauts-de-Seine elected the following members of the National Assembly in the 2017 legislative election:


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Michael Mosley (born 22 March 1957) is a British television journalist, producer, presenter, and former doctor who has worked for the BBC since 1985. He is probably best known as a presenter of television programmes on biology and medicine and his regular appearances on "The One Show".


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Mosley was born in Calcutta, India. His father was a banker and his maternal grandfather was a bishop. Mosley attended a boarding school in England from the age of seven. He studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at New College, Oxford, before working for two years as a banker in the City of London. He then decided to move into medicine, intending to become a psychiatrist, studying at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, now part of UCL Medical School. He is no longer a registered doctor.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Upon graduation from medical school, and having become disillusioned by psychiatry, Mosley joined a trainee assistant producer scheme at the BBC in 1985.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: He produced a number of science programmes, including "The Human Face", three series with Professor Robert Winston, and the 2004 BBC Two engineering series "Inventions That Changed the World" hosted by Jeremy Clarkson.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: He presented "Blood and Guts", "Medical Mavericks" and "The Story of Science" for television, and was the subject of a television documentary, "10 Things You Need to Know about Losing Weight". He presented "Make Me" for BBC One. In April–June 2010 he produced and presented the television series "The Story of Science: Power, Proof and Passion" broadcast by BBC Two.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: In 2011 he made a series entitled "The Brain: A Secret History", on the history of psychology and neuroscience. During the series, while describing the methods that are being employed to identify the anomalies in brain structure associated with psychopathy, his personal test results revealed he himself had these candidate brain characteristics. In the same year, he made a two-part documentary, "Frontline Medicine" with episodes called "Survival" and "Rebuilding Lives". These programmes described the medical advances in the treatment of military personnel during the 10 years of war in Iraq and Afghanistan and examined how these new techniques are being used in emergency medicine in civilian casualties in the United States and Great Britain.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: His documentary "The Truth About Exercise", shown first in 2012, aired current thinking about how different patterns of exercise might help achieve health benefits, the danger of sitting for prolonged periods and revealed how certain genotypes are unable to gain significant improvements in aerobic fitness (VO max) by following endurance exercise programmes. His own genetic type can gain many of the benefits of exercise, primarily improved insulin response, through short, high-intensity training sessions as suggested by the research of Professor James Timmons.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: In January 2013, he presented "The Genius of Invention". In the documentary named "The Truth About Personality", first aired on 10 July 2013, Mosley explores what science can tell us about optimism and pessimism and whether we can change our outlook.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Mosley, along with a group of medical specialists, presented a documentary series titled "The Diagnostic Detectives" which aired in 2020. In the series, each programme is centred around the group of doctors who choose to tackle a patient's problem.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Mosley is credited with popularising the , based on his close friend Valter Longo's research and his bestselling book "The Longevity Diet". After appearing in August 2012 in the BBC2 Horizon documentary "". In early 2013 he published "The Fast Diet" with Mimi Spencer.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: In 1994, "Ulcer Wars", his 16 May 1994 "Horizon" documentary, reported the link between "Helicobacter pylori" and gastric ulcers, discovered by Australian scientists Robin Warren and Barry Marshall. He was named Medical Journalist of the Year in 1995 by the British Medical Association. In 1996, the programme was noted as one of the most important factors to influence British general practitioners' prescribing habits.


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: In 2002, Mosley was nominated for an Emmy as an Executive Producer for "The Human Face with John Cleese".


title: Michael Mosley (broadcaster)

text: Mosley is married to Clare Bailey, a GP; they have four children. He has reversed his Type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. In a BBC documentary on sleep, Mosley revealed he has chronic insomnia. He published "Fast Asleep" in 2019.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Michael Andrew Sembello (born April 17, 1954) is an American singer, guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter, composer and producer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for his 1983 song "Maniac", which he sang and co-wrote. The song reached number one in the United States and featured in the "Flashdance" film soundtrack.


title: Michael Sembello

text: He is the brother of the late songwriter and composer Danny Sembello and the late singer songwriter John Sembello of Dino & Sembello fame.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello began his career in music as a session musician, working as a guitarist. By age 17, he was working professionally with Stevie Wonder on electric and acoustic guitar as a studio player on Wonder's "Fulfillingness' First Finale". He continued the same year, chosen as one of the core artists who worked on "Songs in the Key of Life", an ambitious double album that took two years to create. He was credited as lead and rhythm guitarist on most of the tracks—including the intricate jazz rock lead guitar part of the instrumental "Contusion"—and shares songwriting credit with Wonder on the song "Saturn", according to the album's liner notes.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello wrote the song "Carousel", which Michael Jackson recorded for his 1982 album "Thriller", but it was replaced on the track list by "Human Nature".


title: Michael Sembello

text: The song was included as a bonus track on "Thriller 25", the 25th-anniversary edition reissue of the album; the full version was released on iTunes in 2013 as part of The Ultimate Fan Extras Collection.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello released his first solo album "Bossa Nova Hotel" in 1983. The song "Maniac" from that album, which he co-wrote with his keyboardist Dennis Matkosky, was selected for inclusion in the film "Flashdance". "Maniac" was the second-best-charting song from the soundtrack (after the title track) and the ninth-biggest single of 1983. That soundtrack won a Grammy Award in 1984 for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special. Sembello and Matkosky have claimed that the song was supposed to be about a vicious pet murderer after having seen a slasher flick, possibly "Maniac" or "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre". In 2020, Sembello, along with Matkosky, appeared in "Maniac Men", an interview included on the 4K UHD Blu-ray reissue of "Maniac".


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello produced guitarist Jennifer Batten's first solo album "Above Below and Beyond" in 1992. In 1994, he produced Argentine singer Valeria Lynch's album "Caravana de Sueños" (1994), and co-wrote the title song with lyricist César Isella and composer Armando Tejada Gómez.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Sembello's songs are featured in the films "Cocoon", "Independence Day", "Gremlins", "The Monster Squad" and "Summer Lovers". His song "Gravity" from "Cocoon" was accompanied by a music video directed by the film's director Ron Howard and included an appearance by Howard in a scripted fictional foreword to the video.


title: Michael Sembello

text: In 2008, Sembello worked with saxophonist Michael Lington on his album "Heat", nominated as Jazztrax Album of the Year for 2008. Michael and his brother Danny Sembello penned three songs with Lington for the project.


title: Michael Sembello

text: May 2009, Sembello assembled Bruce Gaichi (bass, guitar) and Janie Kluwer (keyboards, vocals) to form the trio The Bossa Nova Hotel, named after his 1983 Warner Bros. Records debut. They recorded the album "Moon Island", released on EMI Japan. The album consists of American pop songs given arrangements with a strong Brazilian influence.


title: Michael Sembello

text: Shortly after The Bossa Nova Hotel's rendition of the jazz standard "Manhã de Carnaval" enjoyed success as the theme to the Japanese television series, "LIFE!", the trio regrouped in 2016 to record a cover of Sting's "Fragile".


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (7/8 March 1925) was a Russian aristocrat and statesman who served as the first prime minister of republican Russia from 15 March to 20 July 1917. During this time he served as Russia's "de facto" head of state.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: A member of the Lvov princely family, Lvov gained national fame for organising relief work in the Russian Far East during the Russo-Japanese War. In 1905, he joined the Constitutional Democratic Party.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Georgy Lvov was born on 2 November 1861 (21 October, Old Style, Julian Calendar) in Dresden, Saxony, then part of the German Confederation. The Lvov princely family were among the oldest Russian noble families, tracing their roots from the sovereign Rurik dynasty princes of Yaroslavl. His father was a reform-minded liberal who spent almost all his income on his children's education; Lvov and his five brothers were sent off to the most prestigious Moscow schools. Throughout his youth, Georgy lived with his family at their ancestral home at Popovka in Tula province, less than away from Moscow and only a few miles away from Yasnaya Polyana, the home of writer Leo Tolstoy. The Lvovs counted Tolstoy as one of their closest friends.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: By the standards of the Russian noble class, the Lvovs lived a frugal lifestyle. Luxuries were minimal and their estate was considered small at only . The Lvovs generated massive debts in excess of around 150,000 roubles by the end of the 1870s. With the abolition of serfdom, they fell into the category of landowners who did not have the means to live in the manner to which many other Russian nobles had been accustomed. In order to pay off their arrears, the family were forced to sell their other landed estates, a brewery in Briansk, and their flat in Moscow. Despite this, they remained heavily in debt and were faced with the prospect of either having to sell Popovka or convert it into a profitable farm. The Lvovs opted for the latter, with Georgy later recalling: "The idea of giving up the home of our ancestors was unthinkable". The farm at Popovka had become so dilapidated after decades of neglect that it required strenuous work to restore it. By this time his father was too ill to work, leaving Georgy's four older brothers and only sister to take charge of the farm while he studied law at the University of Moscow. The family laid off all their servants and lived like peasants ― Lvov would later recall this time as a source of his own emancipation: "It separated us from the upper crust and made us democratic". As a result of their labour, all debts were repaid by the late 1880s and their ancestral home saved.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: In 1899, Prince Lvov married a Hungarian-born portrait painter Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy in Prague; they were quickly divorced, though Vilma continued to style herself the "Princess Lwoff-Parlaghy" using her artist name with the authorization of Prince Lvov. The Prince also continued to provide her with a permanent annual allowance.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Lvov was also married to Countess Julia Alexeievna Bobrinskaya (1867–1903), great-great-granddaughter of Grigory Orlov and Catherine the Great, without issue. They met whilst Lvov was working in a soup kitchen in Tambov province during the Russian famine of 1891–1892.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: With the outbreak of war between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire in January 1904, the provincial zemstvos were mobilised to assist with the war effort. To help the Red Cross on the Manchurian front, thirteen zemstvos formed a combined medical brigade consisting of 360 doctors and nurses, led by Lvov. This marked the first time that zemstvos had been allowed to organise themselves at a national level after their powers had been restricted by Alexander III in 1890. Lvov had pleaded with Tsar Nicholas to let the brigade go; the Tsar was so moved by his patriotic sentiment that he ended up hugging and kissing him and wished him well. The relief mission, which won high praise from Russian military leaders, turned Lvov into a national hero and enabled the zemstvos to reintegrate themselves into Russian governing society.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: A year later he won election to the First Duma, and was nominated for a ministerial position. He became chairman of the All-Russian Union of Zemstvos in 1914, and in 1915 he became a leader of the Union of Zemstvos as well as a member of Zemgor, a joint committee of the Union of Zemstvos and the Union of Towns that helped supply the military and tend to the wounded from World War I. In December 1916, after Prince Lvov's tirades at the Congress of Zemstvos, the Voluntary Organisations would allow no one to work for the government unless their collaboration were purchased by political concessions.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: On 14 January O.S. (27 January N.S.) Lvov proposed to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich that he should take control of the country. At the end of January negotiations took place between the Allied powers in Petrograd; unofficially they sought to clarify the internal situation in Russia.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: During the February Revolution and the abdication of Nicholas II, emperor of Russia, Lvov was made head of the provisional government founded by the Duma on 2 March 1917.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: During his first weeks as prime minister, Lvov presided over a series of fleeting reforms which sought to radically liberalise Russia. Universal adult suffrage was introduced, freedoms of press and speech were granted, capital punishment abolished, and all legal restrictions of religion, class and race were removed. In late March, a delegation of women suffragettes planned to lobby Lvov for the right of women to vote in local government elections. Expecting a strenuous battle, the suffragettes were shocked to learn that Lvov had already granted women the right to vote, saying "Why shouldn't women vote? [...] Surely, with universal suffrage there can be no reason to exclude women". Lvov's reforms helped create a new culture of democracy in Russia. One peasant from Penza province changed his surname to Lvov, and another to 'Demakratov'.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Unable to rally sufficient support, he resigned in July 1917 in favour of his Minister of War, Alexander Kerensky.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: After the October Revolution he settled in Tyumen. In the winter of 1917 he was arrested and transferred to Yekaterinburg. Three months later, Lvov and two other prisoners (Lopukhin and Prince Golitsyn) were released before the court under a written undertaking not to leave the place. The local war commissar, Filipp Goloshchekin, intended to execute Lvov and the other prisoners, but was ordered not to by Isaac Steinberg, the People's Commissar for Justice, a Left-Socialist Revolutionary while they were still in coalition with the Bolsheviks. Lvov immediately left Yekaterinburg, made his way to Omsk, occupied by the anti-Bolshevik Czechoslovak Legion. The Provisional Siberian Government, headed by Pyotr Vologodsky, was formed in Omsk and instructed Lvov to leave for the United States (since it was believed that this country was capable of providing the fastest and most effective assistance to anti-Bolshevik forces) to meet with President Woodrow Wilson and other statesmen to inform them on the aims of the anti-Soviet forces and receiving assistance from former allies of Russia in the First World War. In October 1918 he travelled to the United States but was late as in November of the same year the First World War ended and preparations began for the peace conference in Paris, where the centre of world politics moved.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Having failed to achieve any practical results in the United States, Lvov departed to France, where in 1918–1920 he was at the head of the Russian political meeting in Paris. He was at the source of the labor exchanges system to help Russian emigrants, transferred to their disposal the funds of Zemgor, stored in the National Bank of the United States. Later he left politics, living in Paris in poverty, working at handicraft and writing his memoirs.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: There is a memorial to Prince Lvov in Aleksin as well as a small exhibition on him in the town museum. In Popovka there is another memorial opposite his local church and a plaque on the wall of the local school he founded. He died in Boulogne-sur-Seine and is buried in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery in France.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: A relative of his by the name of Prince Andre Nikita Lwoff (1901–1933), variously described as either Georgy Lvov's son or nephew, is buried in the old cemetery in Menton, France.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Lvov wrote an autobiography, 'Воспоминания' ("Memories"), while in exile and a biography was also written in 1932 by Tikhon Polner entitled 'Жизненный путь князя Георгія Евгеніевича Львова. Личность. Взгляды. Условія дѣятельности' ("The Life Course of Prince Georgy Yevgenievich Lvov. Personality. Views. Conditions of Activity"). Neither has been translated but both have been reprinted and are still available in Russian.


title: Georgy Lvov

text: Note on transliteration: An older French form, Lvoff, is used on his tombstone. Georgy can be written as Georgi and is sometimes seen in its translated form, George or Jorge.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is centrally-located along ancient trading routes between the Far East, South Asia and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Islam, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture, often different from the original indigenous cultures.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Examples of the fusion of Islam with Hinduism include Javanese Abangan belief. Balinese dances have stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms, while Islamic art forms and architecture are present in Sumatra, especially in the Minangkabau and Aceh regions. Traditional art, music and sport are combined in a martial art form called Pencak Silat.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The Western world has influenced Indonesia in science, technology and modern entertainment such as television shows, film and music, as well as political system and issues. India has notably influenced Indonesian songs and movies. A popular type of song is the Indian-rhythmical dangdut, which is often mixed with Arab and Malay folk music.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Despite the influences of foreign culture, some remote Indonesian regions still preserve uniquely indigenous culture. Indigenous ethnic groups Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Dayak, Toraja and many others are still practising their ethnic rituals, customs and wearing traditional clothes.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Indonesia is home to with those from the islands of Java, Sumatra and Bali being frequently recorded. The traditional music of West, Central, and East Java and Bali is the gamelan (traditional instruments include: gambang, bonang, saron, kenong, gong, and many more). Gamelan has been recognized as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: On 29 June 1965, Koes Plus, a leading Indonesian pop group in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, was imprisoned in Glodok, West Jakarta, for playing Western-style music. After the resignation of President Sukarno, the law was rescinded, and in the 1970s the Glodok prison was dismantled and replaced with a large shopping mall.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Kroncong is a musical genre that uses guitars and ukulele as the main musical instruments. This genre had its roots in Portugal and was introduced by Portuguese traders in the 15th century. There is a traditional "Keroncong Tugu" music group in North Jakarta and other traditional Keroncong music groups in Maluku, with strong Portuguese influences. This music genre was popular in the first half of the 20th century; a contemporary form of Kroncong is called Pop Kroncong.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Angklung musical orchestra, native of West Java, received international recognition as UNESCO has listed the traditional West Java musical instrument made from bamboo in the list of intangible cultural heritage.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The soft Sasando music from the province of East Nusa Tenggara in West Timor is completely different. Sasando uses an instrument made from a split leaf of the Lontar palm ("Borassus flabellifer"), which bears some resemblance to a harp.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Indonesian dance reflects the diversity of culture from ethnic groups that composed the nation of Indonesia.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Austronesian roots and Melanesian tribal dance forms are visible, and influences ranging from neighbouring Asian countries; such as India, China, and Middle East to European western styles through colonization. Each ethnic group has its own distinct dances; makes total dances in Indonesia are more than 3000 Indonesian original dances. However, the dances of Indonesia can be divided into three eras; the Prehistoric Era, the Hindu/Buddhist Era, and the Era of Islam, and into two genres; court dance and folk dance.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: There is a continuum in the traditional dances depicting episodes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata from India, ranging through Thailand, all the way to Bali. There is a marked difference, though, between the highly stylized dances of the courts of Yogyakarta and Surakarta and their popular variations. While the court dances are promoted and even performed internationally, the popular forms of dance art and drama must largely be discovered locally.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Reog Ponorogo is also a dance that originated from the district Ponorogo, East Java, which is a visualization of the legendary story Wengker kingdom and the kingdom of Kediri.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: A popular line dance called "Poco-poco" was originated in Indonesia and also popular in Malaysia, but at early April 2011 Malaysian Islamic clerics banned the poco-poco dance for Muslims due to them believing it is traditionally a Christian dance and that its steps make the sign of the cross.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: During the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage convention in 29 November to 4 December 2015 in Windhoek, Namibia, UNESCO recognizes three genres of traditional dance in Bali, Indonesia, as Intangible cultural heritage. The three genres includes "Wali" (sacred dances), "Bebali" (semi-sacred dances) and "Balih-balihan" (dances for entertainment purposes). Balinese dance has been proposed since 2011, and officially recognized in 2015.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Previously, on 24 November, 2011, UNESCO officially recognized Aceh's traditional Saman dance as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The Wayang show, the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese shadow puppet theatre shows display several mythological legends such as Ramayana, Mahabharata, and many more. Wayang Orang is a Javanese traditional dance drama based on wayang stories. Various Balinese dance drama also can be included within the traditional form of Indonesian drama. Another form of local drama is Javanese Ludruk and Ketoprak, Sundanese Sandiwara, and Betawi Lenong and Ondel-ondel. All of these dramas incorporated humour and jest, often involving audiences in their performance.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The shadow puppets are mostly made of sheets of certain items. You can make yours using wax paper and a sheet of translucent plastic, and download templates but those people really do have the talent to craft their own and one-of-a-kind shadow puppets, which are carved one by one segment out of metal or other special materials.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: UNESCO designated "Wayang" the flat leather shadow puppet ("wayang kulit") and the three-dimensional wooden puppet ("wayang golek" or "wayang klitik") theatre, as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on 7 November 2003. In return for the acknowledgement, UNESCO required Indonesians to preserve the tradition.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals. It incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art, with performances often based on semi-historical Minangkabau legends and love story.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Modern performing art also developed in Indonesia with its distinct style of drama. Notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as Teater Koma are gaining popularity in Indonesia as their drama often portray social and political satires of Indonesian society.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The art of Pencak Silat was created and firstly developed in the islands of Java and Sumatra. It is an art for survival and practised throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Centuries of tribal wars in Indonesian history had shaped silat as it was used by the ancient warriors of Indonesia. Silat was used to determine the rank and position of warriors in old Indonesian kingdoms.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Pencak Silat is recognized as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) on 12 December 2019.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Contacts with Indians and Chinese has further enriched silat. Silat reached areas beyond Indonesia mainly through the diaspora of Indonesian people. People from various regions like Aceh, Minangkabau, Riau, Bugis, Makassar, Java, Banjar, etc. moved into and settled in Malay Peninsula and other islands. They brought silat and passed it down to their descendants. The Indonesian of half-Dutch descent are also credited as the first to have brought the art into Europe.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Silat was used by Indonesian independence fighters during their struggle against the Dutch colonial rule. Unfortunately, after Indonesia achieving their independence, silat became less popular among Indonesian youth compare to foreign martial arts like Karate and Taekwondo. This probably because silat was not taught openly and only passed down among blood relatives, the other reason is the lack of media portrayal of the art.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Efforts have been made to introduce and reintroduce the beauty of silat to Indonesian youth and the world. Exhibitions and promotions by individuals as well as state-sponsored groups helped the growing of silat's popularity, particularly in Europe and United States. Indonesian 2009 Silat movie Merantau is one of Indonesian efforts to introduce silat to the international scene.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Another martial art from Indonesia is Tarung Derajat. It is a modern combat system created by Haji Ahmad Drajat based on his experience as a street fighter. Tarung Drajat has been acknowledged as a national sport by KONI in 1998 and is now used by Indonesian Army as part of their basic training.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: In Eastern Indonesia, there is a type of martial art hitting with a whip or stick. Caci is a form of fighting with a whip or stick. It appears to be indigenous to Flores in East Nusa Tenggara, but it is also practised in Bali and Lombok.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: One of the oldest cave paintings in the world dating back more than 44,000 years old (art of the Upper Paleolithic), was found in caves in the district of Maros (Sulawesi, Indonesia). The oldest types of cave painting are hand stencils and simple geometric shapes.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: In 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo. In December 2019, however, figurative cave paintings depicting pig hunting in the Maros-Pangkep karst in Sulawesi were estimated to be even older, at at least 43,900 years old. The finding was noted to be "the oldest pictorial record of storytelling and the earliest figurative artwork in the world".


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Indonesian painting before the 19th century is mostly restricted to the decorative arts, considered to be a religious and spiritual activity, comparable to the pre-1400 European art. Artists' names are anonymous since the individual human creator was seen as far less important than their creation to honour the deities or spirits. Some examples are the Kenyah decorative art, based on endemic natural motifs such as ferns and hornbills, found decorating the walls of Kenyah longhouses. Another notable traditional art is the geometric Toraja wood carvings. Balinese paintings are initially the narrative images to depict scenes of Balinese legends and religious scripts. The classical Balinese paintings are often decorating the lontar manuscripts and also the ceilings of temples pavilion.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Under the influence of the Dutch colonial power, a trend toward Western-style painting emerged in the 19th century. In the Netherlands, the term "Indonesian Painting" is applied to the paintings produced by Dutch or other foreign artists who lived and worked in the former Netherlands-Indies. The most famous indigenous 19th-century Indonesian painter is Raden Saleh (1807–1877), the first indigenous artist to study in Europe. His art is heavily influenced by Romanticism. In the 1920s Walter Spies settled in Bali, he is often credited with attracting the attention of Western cultural figures to Balinese culture and art. His works have somehow influenced Balinese artists and painters. Today Bali has one of the most vivid and richest painting traditions in Indonesia.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The 1920s to 1940s were a time of growing nationalism in Indonesia. The previous period of the romanticism movement was not seen as a purely Indonesian movement and did not develop. Painters began to see the natural world for inspiration. Some examples of Indonesian painter during this period are the Balinese Ida Bagus Made and the realist Basuki Abdullah. The Indonesian Painters Association ("Persatuan Ahli-Ahli Gambar Indonesia" or PERSAGI, 1938–1942) was formed during this period. PERSAGI established a contemporary art philosophy that saw artworks as reflections of the artist's individual or personal view as well as an expression of national cultural thoughts.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The art of wood carving is quite well-developed in Indonesia. Other than tribal art woodcarvings of Asmat, Batak, Dayak, Nias, and Toraja area is well known for its refined wood carving culture; they are Jepara in Central Java and Bali. Mas village near Ubud in Bali is renowned for its wood carving art. Balinese woodcarving today has a sustained tourist market in Bali.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: In Papua, Asmat art consists of elaborate stylized wood carvings such as the bisj pole and is designed to honour ancestors. Many Asmat artefacts have been collected by the world's museums, among the most notable of which are those found in the Michael C. Rockefeller Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam. Bisj poles are carved by Asmat religious carvers (wow-ipits) after a member of their tribe or community had been killed and headhunted by an enemy tribe. Carved out of a single piece of a wild mangrove tree, Bisj poles can reach heights of up to 25 feet (7.62 m). Their carvings depict human figures standing on top of each other, as well as animal figures, phallic symbols, and carvings in the shape of a canoe prow. The Asmat participated in headhunting raids and cannibalism as rituals, many rituals involved the Bisj poles, including dancing, masquerading, singing and headhunting—all performed by men.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: In North Sumatra, the people of Nias placed great value on wooden figures or "adu". The sole purpose of the Nias figures was to fulfil ritual needs, whether it is to ensure wealth or to perform specific beneficial rite. Niassan figures vary in size, from as small as 20 centimetres (7.9 in) in height to more than 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall. When an elderly person died, the family would make a wooden statue known as adu zatua. The statue was unveiled on the fourth day after the death of the person. The shape of the wooden statue reflects the status of the person who used them: the more powerful the owner, the more impressive the statue will be made. Nias people believed that the deceased person's spirits reside in the statue, so all events that occurred in the family were shared with the ancestor statues through prayers. Ancestor statues were placed in the main room of the house, sometimes more than a hundred. A missionary work in 1930 had recorded the removal of 'over 2000 "idols" from a house of new northern convert.' Some missionaries even recorded houses collapsing under the weight of these ancestor figures. Small adu zatua were bound together horizontally using a rattan and pegs.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Many ancestor figures were destroyed in 1916 by Christian missionary movements which saw them as an old blasphemous religious symbol. Some were sold to collectors and can be found in museum or private collections around the world.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: In Sulawesi, Torajans carve wood, calling it Pa'ssura (or "the writing"). One of the Toraja wood carvings is Tau tau, Tau tau is a kind of human statue made of wood or bamboo. Torajans believe that the dead can take their possessions with them to the afterlife, the effigies are usually equipped with small possessions. Traditionally, the effigies were simply carved, only to show the gender of the deceased. However, they have become more and more elaborate, actually attempting to imitate the likeness of the deceased. Nowadays, Tau tau has a photographic likeness to the people they represent.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: Indonesia has a long history of stone, bronze and Iron Ages arts. Indonesia has a rich history of Hindu–Buddhist sculpture and architecture that has been shaped by a complex fusion of local, indigenous culture combined with foreign customs. Some Indonesian artifacts made from gold and bronze dating back to the 10th century are exhibited in the US. The megalithic sculptures can be found in numerous archaeological sites in Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi. The native Indonesians tribes have their own distinct tribal sculpture styles, usually created to depict ancestors, deities and animals. The stone sculpture artform particularly flourished in 8th-to-10th-century Java and Bali, which demonstrate the influences of Hindu-Buddhist culture, both as stand-alone works of art and also incorporated into temples. The most notable sculpture of the classical Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia are the hundreds of meters of relief and hundreds of stone buddhas at the temple of Borobudur in central Java. Approximately two miles of exquisite relief sculpture tell the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The temple was originally home to 504 statues of the seated Buddha.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The examples of notable Indonesian Hindu-Buddhist sculptures are; the statues of Hindu deities; Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, Durga, Ganesha and Agastya enthroned in rooms of Prambanan temples, the Vishnu mounting Garuda statue of king Airlangga, the exquisite statue of Eastern Javanese Prajnaparamita and 3.7 meters tall Dvarapala dated from Singhasari period, and also the grand statue of Bhairava Adityawarman discovered in Sumatra. Today, the Hindu-Buddhist style stone sculptures are reproduced in villages in Muntilan near Borobudur also in Trowulan the former capital site of Majapahit in East Java, and Bali, and sold as a garden or pool ornament statues for homes, offices and hotels.


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The walls of "candi" also often displayed bas-reliefs, either serve as decorative elements as well as to convey religious symbolic meanings; through describing narrative bas-reliefs. The most exquisite of the temple bas-reliefs can be found in Hindu and Buddhist temples. The first four terraces of Borobudur walls are showcases for bas-relief sculptures. These are exquisite, considered to be the most elegant and graceful in the ancient Buddhist world. The Buddhist scriptures describes as bas-reliefs in Borobudur such as "Karmavibhangga" (the law of karma), "Lalitavistara" (the birth of Buddha), "Jataka", "Avadana" and "Gandavyuha". While in Prambanan the Hindu scriptures is describes in its bas-relief panels; the "Ramayana" and "Bhagavata Purana" (popularly known as "Krishnayana").


title: Culture of Indonesia

text: The bas-reliefs in Borobudur depicted many scenes of daily life in 8th-century ancient Java, from the courtly palace life, hermit in the forest, to those of commoners in the village. It also depicted a temple, marketplace, various flora and fauna, and also native vernacular architecture. People depicted here are the images of king, queen, princes, noblemen, courtier, soldier, servant, commoners, priest and hermit. The reliefs also depicted mythical spiritual beings in Buddhist beliefs such as asuras, gods, boddhisattvas, kinnaras, gandharvas and apsaras. The images depicted on bas-relief often served as a reference for historians to research certain subjects, such as the study of architecture, weaponry, economy, fashion, and also the mode of transportation of 8th-century Maritime Southeast Asia. One of the famous renderings of an 8th-century Southeast Asian double outrigger ship is Borobudur Ship.