title: Izzo (H.O.V.A.)

text: On October 31, 2001, a copyright lawsuit was filed against Jay-Z by Demme Ulloa, who claimed that she was wasn't paid for her contribution to "Izzo". Ulloa asserted that it was her singing "H to the izzo/V to the izzay", though she didn't receive any money for her contribution and was not credited in the liner notes of "The Blueprint". The case was dismissed in 2004 for joint authorship but continued to proceed for a copyright infringement claim.


title: Darkest Dungeon II

text: Darkest Dungeon II is a role-playing video game developed and published by Red Hook Studios. As the sequel to "Darkest Dungeon" (2016), the game was released in early access for Microsoft Windows in October 2021. The full version of the game is set to be released in February 2023.


title: Darkest Dungeon II

text: Like its predecessor, "Darkest Dungeon II" is a role-playing video game with roguelike elements. The game features multiple characters, and each of them has their own unique strengths and abilities. Players can equip these characters with trinkets and combat items. The player can commandeer the stagecoach, which is the primary way of navigating the game's world. The ultimate goal is to reach a mountain, which is the source of evil that has overtaken the world. As the player explores, they will encounter different locations of interest and roadblocks, and the player will enter combat scenarios. Combat in the game is turn-based, and the heroes must be positioned properly as some of their skills cannot be used when they are standing in a wrong spot. As the player explores the world, they can also visit Shrines of Reflection, where players can learn more about the backstories of the game's characters.


title: Darkest Dungeon II

text: As the characters progress in the game, their stress level would increase. Under a lot of stress, they will have a debilitating meltdown during combat, which would result in a massive decrease in health and the acquisition of negative traits. In addition, high stress levels would affect the relationships between the game's characters. If a character is friendly with another, they would gain additional gameplay perks. However, if the characters share a hostile relationship, one may stop another from using their skills and increase each other's stress level. Players can visit a Hospital to remove bad character traits. When a member of the team dies, another one will join the player's team once they reach an inn. It is also the place where the players can lower the stress level of characters and improve team dynamics. However, a stay at the inn would also increase Loathing, a stat which indicates the all-consuming evil of the world. The flame on the stagecoach represents the team's hope. The player's team will suffer from penalities when the flame is nearly extinguished. When a run ends, Profile rank would increase, which would unlock new characters and items for players to use in subsequent runs.


title: Darkest Dungeon II

text: While the game will use an improved version of the core combat system, the studio stated its intent offer a completely different metagame experience, including the transition from 2D to 3D graphics using Unity. Narratively, the game is planned to show the nature of the evils emerging into the world beyond what players saw at the estate from the first game. To complete the sequel, Red Hook had already expanded its team from 5 developers for the original game to 14 and potentially more. Composer Stuart Chatwood, narrator Wayne June, and sound design team Power Up Audio will continue to support work for the sequel.


title: Darkest Dungeon II

text: Red Hook announced "Darkest Dungeon 2" in February 2019. Red Hook anticipates using early access again for the sequel as player feedback was essential to the development of the first game. The sequel was released in early access via the Epic Games Store on October 26, 2021 for Windows. 100,000 copies were sold on the day of the game's early access release. The game is set to be released in full in February 2023 via both the Epic Games Store and Steam. Console versions are currently in development.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: Unknown Mortal Orchestra (UMO) is a New Zealand psychedelic rock band formed in Auckland, primarily composed of singer, guitarist, and songwriter Ruban Nielson, and bassist Jake Portrait. The band is currently based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Nielson started the band in 2010. The band's first album was released in 2011 on Fat Possum Records; four subsequent studio albums have been released on Jagjaguwar, the most recent being "IC-01 Hanoi" (2018).


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: Singer and guitarist Ruban Nielson released the track "Ffunny Ffriends" on his anonymous Bandcamp profile on 17 May 2010. No further information was provided and notably, no mention of who created it. Within a day, the song had received significant coverage from independent music blogs such as "Pitchfork". Through their reposting and attempts to hunt down the creator, Nielson eventually claimed the track as Unknown Mortal Orchestra's.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: The band's debut self-titled album was released 21 June 2011 on Fat Possum Records. The album quickly received critical acclaim. Ruban promoted a ‘Kiwi Edition’ of the album on his Instagram, which includes a bonus track. "Pitchfork" gave the album an 8.1, describing that with "an expert use of space rare for such a lo-fi record, UMO manages a unique immersive and psychedelic quality without relying on the usual array of bong-ripping effects."


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: In the spring of 2012, the band won the Taite Music Prize for the album. Although the nominated Unknown Mortal Orchestra did not win Best Alternative Album, Nielson took home the title of Best Male Artist at the 47th annual Vodafone New Zealand Music Awards.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: In September 2012, Unknown Mortal Orchestra announced that they had signed to Jagjaguwar and were working on their second full-length album. Unknown Mortal Orchestra's second album, "II", was released on 5 February 2013. The first single from the album, entitled "Swim and Sleep (Like a Shark)", was first available as a 7" on their tour with Grizzly Bear.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: "II" has received widespread critical acclaim. In November 2013 it won Best Alternative Album at the New Zealand Music Awards. "II" was nominated for the Taite Music Prize 2014, an annual music prize awarded for the best album from New Zealand. Clash Music gave the album a 9 out of 10, saying "from opener 'From The Sun', which recalls George Harrison-psychedelia, to the tender Family Stone shuffle of the closing of 'Secret Xtians', 'II' displays both a glowing warmth in its production and a deft use of space that illuminate Nielson's superbly crafted compositions." "Paste" magazine called the album "a modern, beat-heavy take on '60s psych, with plenty of hooks and fuzz to get you hooked and feeling fuzzy." NME praised Ruban's ability to turn his songs into "works of warm, fuzzy beauty."


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: During the winter of 2012, Unknown Mortal Orchestra capitalized on the success of "II" and embarked on a world tour. The tour started off with shows in Australia, and hometown shows in New Zealand, followed by several stops in Europe. The band then toured extensively throughout North America with opener Foxygen. In March 2013, Unknown Mortal Orchestra was named one of Fuse TV's 30 must-see artists at SXSW. Unknown Mortal Orchestra consistently sold out shows in both the UK/Europe and in North America, and as a result of their success on the road they announced in early April that they would extend their tour through the end of 2013. That summer the band performed at a number of major European festivals, including Roskilde Festival, Pukkelpop and Lowlands.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: On 25 February 2013, Unknown Mortal Orchestra made their American television debut, performing "So Good At Being in Trouble” on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon".


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: On 29 October 2013, the band released an EP titled "Blue Record". It included three acoustic versions of songs taken from their previous album.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: On 5 February 2015, the band announced their third studio album, "Multi-Love". Soon after, they released the title track as the first single, which was designated "Best New Track" by Pitchfork. "Multi-Love" was released on 26 May 2015. It was well received by critics. "Rolling Stone" commented that "Multi-Love sees Nielson coloring outside the lines for a vibrant vision of connection" and Pitchfork praised Nielson's ear for how something should sound and referred to the album as his "most accomplished." Singles "Multi-Love" and "Can't Keep Checking My Phone" were both A-listed at BBC's 6 Music.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: Following the release, UMO embarked on a tour through the UK, Europe, the US and Canada, with many sold out dates. On August 12, UMO performed "Multi-Love" on "Late Night with Seth Meyers". On August 25 they performed "Can't Keep Checking My Phone" on "Conan". On 16 February 2016 the band performed on Last Call with Carson Daly. "Can't Keep Checking My Phone" also appears in the association football video game "FIFA 16".


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: The band's fourth studio album, "Sex & Food", was released on 6 April 2018, garnering a lot of praise from fans and critics.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: In a review on Reflektor Magazine the following was said, "The consistent thread through the UMO catalog remains strong; frontman Ruban Nielson spins a soulful vocal over a backdrop of melodically rich music and slick rhythm. This album builds on many of the synthesizers and sampled drum textures introduced on the previous breakout LP "Multi-Love" in 2015, but offers a different ride. The entire album was covertly previewed in SB-05, the 2017 installment of a Christmas day instrumental/ambient track released digitally for free. Upon first listen, "Sex & Food" reveals each song in its full form, a pleasant surprise." In July, the BBC Radio & 6Music named Sex & Food one of the best albums released in 2018.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: Following the release, the band set out on a global tour with stops in North America, Europe, UK, Asia, New Zealand and Australia, with many sold out dates. In September 2018, they announced the release of an instrumental album that originated from the sessions for "Sex & Food", titled "IC-01 Hanoi". It was released on 26 October 2018.


title: Unknown Mortal Orchestra

text: On June 25, 2021 the band released "Weekend Run", its first proper single since 2018's "Sex & Food." The song was released via the band's long time label Jagjaguwar. Of the new song, Ruban Nielson said "At the end of the day I don't take for granted that I have the perfect job -- I truly work to make music that will set someone's day right and I think that shines through on 'Weekend Run.'" Later on August 4, they released a second single “That Life.”


title: University of Hull

text: The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.


title: University of Hull

text: The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), and Lord Armstrong (1994–2006). Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) was installed as the current chancellor in April 2006.


title: University of Hull

text: The foundation stone of University College Hull, then an external college of the University of London, was laid in 1927 by Prince Albert, the Duke of York (who later became king as George VI). The college was built on land donated by Hull City Council and by two local benefactors, Thomas Ferens and G F Grant. A year later the first 14 departments, in pure sciences and the arts, opened with 39 students. The college at that time consisted of one building, now named the Venn building (after the mathematician John Venn, who was born in Hull). The building now houses the administrative centre of the university.


title: University of Hull

text: Other early buildings include the Cohen Building, which originally housed the college library, and Staff House, now named Canham Turner building, built in 1948 as the Students' Union. Another early structure was the Chemistry Building, built in 1953. With the rapid expansion of student numbers which took place in the 1950s many academic departments were housed in temporary buildings, colloquially known as 'huts', which gave the campus the feel of an 'academic army camp'. The Dennison Centre on Cottingham Road was formerly the Brooklands Officers Hospital opened by the Red Cross in 1917. The author J. R. R. Tolkien was a convalescent patient at Brooklands and his connection is marked by a blue plaque.


title: University of Hull

text: Though many of the older buildings on Hull's campus are of red brick it is not a "redbrick university" in the strictest sense of the term, as it was not founded as part of the civic university movement of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. Hull, with its origins in the 1920s, has been categorised as a 'younger civic university' (also referred to as a "Whitetile university") and it is placed between the 'redbricks' and the 'plateglass universities' founded in the 1960s.


title: University of Hull

text: The first principal of the college was Arthur E. Morgan (1926–1935), the second was John H Nicholson (1935–1954), who also served as the university's first vice-chancellor when the college was granted university status (1954–1956).


title: University of Hull

text: The university coat of arms was designed by Sir Algernon Tudor-Craig in 1928. The symbols are the torch for learning, the rose for Yorkshire, the ducal coronet from the arms of the City of Hull, the fleur-de-lys for Lincolnshire and the dove, symbolising peace, from the arms of Thomas Ferens. These symbols were later reused to create the current university logo. The motto, "Lampada Ferens" (Bearing the Torch), incorporates the name of the university's founding father within a Latin pun.


title: University of Hull

text: The college gained its royal charter on 6 September 1954. This empowered it to award degrees of its own, making it the 3rd university in Yorkshire and the 14th in England. The twenty six years between the formation of the university college and the awarding of the charter were the shortest such period in the history of university formation in England up to that time. Within a year of the charter being granted applications to study at the new university had doubled, and in 1956 student numbers topped 1,000 for the first time.


title: University of Hull

text: The academic authority and autonomy of the university is symbolically embodied in the ceremonial mace. Made of gilt silver, and incorporating devices from the Hull University coat of arms, the mace was presented to the university in December 1956 by the Lord Mayor of Hull. As a gift from the city it also reflects the close relationship between "town and gown" existing in Hull. The mace is carried in procession and displayed at all major university ceremonies.


title: University of Hull

text: The period of rapid expansion of Hull University coincided with the vice-chancellorship of Sir Brynmor Jones (1956–1972), during whose time in office student numbers quadrupled.


title: University of Hull

text: The Brynmor Jones Library, which houses more than a million volumes, was constructed in two phases: the first phase was fully completed in 1959, with a tower block extension officially opened in 1970. During the 1950s and 1960s a considerable number of academic buildings were built, including the Larkin and Wilberforce Buildings (originally given other names). The 'Martin Plan' of 1967, Sir Leslie Martin was the university architect, envisaged a campus with its tallest buildings in the centre surrounded by buildings diminishing in height towards the perimeter. In the course of the 1960s most of the departments housed in temporary structures were moved into new purpose-built premises. However, Biochemistry was still partially located in a 'hut' to the rear of the Venn building into the early 1980s. This early phase of expansion through building ended in 1974, after this year there was to be no further academic building construction on the campus until 1996. However, student numbers doubled in this period, with the university becoming highly efficient in using its existing building stock.


title: University of Hull

text: In 1972 George Gray and Ken Harrison created room-temperature stable liquid crystals in the university chemistry laboratories, which were an immediate success in the electronics industry and consumer products. This led to Hull becoming the first university to be awarded the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for the joint-development of the long-lasting materials that made liquid crystal displays possible.


title: University of Hull

text: In 2000 the university bought the site of University College Scarborough on Filey Road, Scarborough, plus two linked buildings on the same road. This became the University of Hull Scarborough Campus.


title: University of Hull

text: A further significant expansion took place in 2003, when the buildings of the former Humberside University campus, which were situated immediately adjacent to Hull University's main campus, were purchased. The acquisition increased the size of the Cottingham Road campus by more than a third. It was the largest single act of expansion in the history of the university. Hull University fully occupied the newly acquired premises in the 2005 academic year; the area becoming the university's West Campus. The site now houses the Hull York Medical School and the relocated business school, which is located in three of the most prominent buildings – Wharfe, Derwent and Esk.


title: University of Hull

text: In 2012, the university began the ambitious refurbishment of the Brynmor Jones Library, a £28 million project which will transform the 7 storey former workplace of Philip Larkin, into a learning hub suitable for students for years to come. The project was completed in 2015.


title: University of Hull

text: The Hull History Centre, which opened in 2010, is located in a new building on Worship Street in Hull city centre. It unites the holdings of Hull City Library's Local Studies collections and Hull University's archives and is run in partnership between the City Library and University Library.


title: University of Hull

text: The university was a principal partner of the city's bid to become UK City of Culture in 2017. As well as being involved in the planning and preparation of the bid, the university and its staff and students have been involved in many of the events of the year. For example, during the initial three-month season, Hull Maritime Museum displayed a multimedia installation depicting a Bowhead whale The installation was designed by students from Hull School of Art and Design with music by students from Hull University. The opening event of the whole year, from 1–7 January, included a multimedia projection called "Arrivals and Departures" which was greatly influenced by the work of Dr Nick Evans on migration patterns into and through Hull. The installation was projected onto The Deep using stop-frame animation, image and sound.


title: University of Hull

text: The main campus is located in a residential district of North Hull on Cottingham Road. The university had a smaller campus in Scarborough on the North Yorkshire coast.


title: University of Hull

text: Hull University is a campus university; though situated in a city, its main campus is in a suburban rather than urban district. The main campus occupies a single, clearly defined site and is self-contained in regard to catering and entertainment for students and staff. Most of the major features of the campus are described in the 'history' section above; in addition, the campus has a large Students' Union building, which is often described as one of the finest in the country, and extensive playing fields and other sports facilities. The large village of Cottingham on Hull's north-western outskirts housed for many years some of the university-owned student accommodation, although none are used for this purpose now.


title: University of Hull

text: University of Hull: Scarborough Campus was a satellite campus of the university located in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, attended by approximately 2,000 students. Formerly a higher education institution offering BSc and BA degrees, the building was acquired by the University of Hull in 2000, offering Education courses, particularly at a primary level, as well as courses in Marine Biology, Digital Media, Music Technology Theatre Studies, Tourism Management, and a number of Business and English courses.


title: University of Hull

text: Scarborough ran somewhat independently of the main campus in Hull, with its own branch of the Hull University Union. Graduation ceremonies took place within Scarborough's historic Spa Complex. The campus also contained basic amenities for study, such as computer labs, performance studios for students of Theatre and Dance related courses as well as dedicated music suites in the "Filey Road Studios" building opposite the campus.


title: University of Hull

text: In April 2014, the university released a statement that Scarborough Campus was "not sustainable in the medium to long term", and in June held a public consultation outlining the future of the campus with a new academic model in mind. In March 2015, it was revealed that the Hull College Group were the university's "preferred partners for taking forward the Scarborough Campus". The college returned to its former name, "University College Scarborough" and became part of the Hull College group, but still hosts programmes from both Hull College and the University of Hull.


title: University of Hull

text: Since September 2013, all undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses at the Leeds Conservatoire are validated by the University of Hull. Beginning in 1993 Hull has validated Masters of Education programmes for the Christian Leadership in Education Office (CLEO), in Cork (and from 1993 to 1996 in Limerick), Ireland. Hull also validates a number of programmes in Rotherham College, Dearne Vally College, and other RNN Group locations.


title: University of Hull

text: From 1972 until 1982 the University of Hull validated programmes at the postrgaduate Irish School of Ecumenics.


title: University of Hull

text: Until recently, there were two faculties, the 'Faculty of Applied Science & Technology' and the 'Faculty of Science & the Environment', before becoming the 'Faculty of Science' and later being renamed to the 'Faculty of Science and Engineering'.


title: University of Hull

text: Notable centres for research include the Hull Immersive Visualisation Environment (HIVE), the Institute for Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS), the E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics (MCA) and the G W Gray Centre for Advanced Materials.


title: University of Hull

text: A new biomedical research facility will bring academics from biology and chemistry together and will include Positron Emission Tomography with CT scanning (PET-CT) and two mini cyclotrons. Two new research groups will be based at the facility, called the Allam building: one focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic research and the other on cancer.


title: University of Hull

text: Most social science and law-related department housed in the refurbished Wilberforce Building. Includes the School of Arts and New Media at Scarborough, formed in August 2006. Drama is taught in the Gulbenkian Centre, including the Donald Roy Theatre. History, English, Languages and Music are in the Larkin Building.


title: University of Hull

text: Based in the Calder, Aire and Dearne buildings in the west campus. Allam Medical Building contains mock clinical areas, wards, an operating theatre and a midwifery suite, within a simulated environment.


title: University of Hull

text: Teaching of medicine began in October 2003 on the west campus. Medical students receive joint degrees from the universities of Hull and York. The school includes the 'International Society for the Study of Cough' based at Castle Hill hospital on "Castle Road" in Cottingham. Third and fourth year students train also at hospitals in Scunthorpe, Grimsby, and Scarborough.


title: University of Hull

text: Established in 1994, one of the PGMI's sections is the Yorkshire Cancer Research-funded Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations which is actively engaged in researching the application of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques to cancer research.


title: University of Hull

text: Established in August 1999, Hull University Business School has around 3,500 students from over 100 countries. Students are taught at the Hull campus, with additional MBA students taught overseas. On the Hull campus, the school occupies refurbished listed buildings on the West Campus which were opened in 2005. The Logistics Institute was completed in September 2007, and officially launched in March 2008.


title: University of Hull

text: In 2011, following accreditation by the AMBA, EQUIS and AACSB, the Business School became the first in Yorkshire, and the 13th in the UK, to achieve "triple crown accreditation" status.


title: University of Hull

text: The Wilberforce Institute, patron Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu, for the study of Slavery and Emancipation (WISE) is located in Oriel Chambers on the High Street in Hull's Old Town, adjacent to Wilberforce House. It undertakes graduate research in the field of slavery and human rights.


title: University of Hull

text: The university's Maritime Historical Studies Centre provides a BA in History and Maritime History, an online Diploma in Maritime History and PhD research in Maritime History. The centre is located in the Hull's Old Town in Blaydes House. Its director is David J Starkey.


title: University of Hull

text: Hull University Union is the main provider of student catering, services and entertainment on the university campus. It has over 100 student societies affiliated to it, and also runs a volunteering and charity hub. Approximately 50 sports clubs are affiliated to the Students Union's Athletic Union, many of which compete in BUCS national university leagues. The University Union was voted Students' Union of the Year in July 2012.


title: University of Hull

text: The student union building comprises an on-site nightclub as well as a number of bars and catering outlets. The building also houses a shop, advice centre, and the university-run careers service.


title: University of Hull

text: There is a monthly student newspaper called "The Hullfire", an online television station called Hullfire TV and a student radio station which broadcasts from the union building called JAM Radio which relaunched in 2018.


title: University of Hull

text: In the recent past there were halls of residence in Cottingham at The Lawns, seven halls which could hold around 1,000 students. In March 2019 it was announced that The Lawns would close. Historically, the main concentration of 'traditional' (catered) university halls of residence was in Cottingham. These comprised: Cleminson Hall (closed in 2004), Needler Hall (closed in 2016), and Thwaite Hall (closed in 2017). Ferens Hall was originally a traditional hall, but was later amalgamated with the adjoining Lawns halls. Prior to the mid-1980s, Cleminson and Thwaite halls were exclusively for female residents, Needler and Ferens exclusively for male residents. There was a former on-campus student residence, Loten Hall (now known as the Loten Building).


title: University of Hull

text: Student housing is based primarily in the terraced streets around the university campus itself, as well as around the Newland Avenue and Beverley Road areas of the city.


title: University of Hull

text: Alumni of the University of Hull are especially prominent in the fields of politics, academia, journalism and drama. They include former MP and later Deputy Prime Minister Lord Prescott (John Prescott), former MP and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party Lord Hattersley (Roy Hattersley) and former Labour MP and deputy leader Tom Watson, former Labour MP and author Chris Mullin, vaccinologist Dame Sarah Gilbert who was Project Lead on the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, social scientist Lord Giddens (Anthony Giddens), poet Roger McGough, journalist John McCarthy, film director, playwright and screenwriter the late Anthony Minghella.


title: University of Hull

text: The university's Brynmor Jones Library was the workplace of the poet Philip Larkin who served as its Head Librarian for over thirty years. The Philip Larkin Society organises activities in remembrance of Larkin including the Larkin 25 festival which was organised during 2010 in partnership with the university. Andrew Motion, another prominent poet, and former poet laureate, also worked at the university. Prominent former academics include: marine biologist Sir Alister Hardy, architect Sir Leslie Martin, mathematician and historian Jacob Bronowski and novelist Sir Malcolm Bradbury.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola Cars International Ltd. was a British race car engineering company in operation from 1958 to 2012. The company was founded by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England (then in Kent, now part of Greater London), before moving to new premises in Slough, Buckinghamshire and finally Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, and endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola Cars started by building small front-engined sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. Lola was acquired by Martin Birrane in 1998 after the unsuccessful MasterCard Lola attempt at Formula One.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola Cars was a brand of the Lola Group, which combined former rowing boat manufacturer Lola Aylings and Lola Composites, that specialized in carbon fibre production. After a period in bankruptcy administration, Lola Cars International ceased trading on 5 October 2012. Many of Lola's assets were subsequently purchased by a partnership composed of Multimatic Engineering and the Carl A. Haas Automotive company. In June 2022, Till Bechtolsheimer bought Lola Cars and is due to revive it in the next two years.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola was one of the top chassis suppliers in the 1960s. After its small front-engined sports cars came various single-seaters including Formula Junior, Formula 3, Formula 2 and Formula 1 cars.


title: Lola Cars

text: Broadley designed the Ford V8 powered Lola Mk.6 coupe. Ford took a keen interest in this and paid Broadley to put the company on hold for two years and merge his ideas with Roy Lunn's work, giving rise to the Ford GT40. Initial work was done at the Lola works at Bromley before moving to a factory on the Slough Trading Estate. Broadley managed to release himself from this contract after a year and started developing his own cars again, retaining the Slough factory, which was in Lola's name (leaving John Wyer to find new premises for Ford Advanced Vehicles, which were also on the Slough Estate). Broadley started off in sports cars with the Lola T70 and its successors (T16x, T22x) which were used successfully all over the world from the World Championship for Makes to the CanAm series, until 1973. In 2005, Lola announced that a new batch of T70 coupés, to the original specifications, would be released. These were to be homologated for historic racing and there was talk of a one-make series for the cars. The Slough built cars incorporated the letters 'SL' in their chassis numbers, just as the cars built at Bromley had incorporated 'BR'.


title: Lola Cars

text: Various Group 5 and Group 6 sports cars including the T210 and T212, and T28x/29x/38x/39x series were also built, competing with Chevron, March and others. Alain de Cadenet's Le Mans 'specials' tended to be based on Lola technology.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola (with rebodied Formula 5000 cars) dominated the CanAm sports car series when it was revived in the late 1970s, but many motorsport fans do not consider the single-seater Formula 5000-based cars from this era to be true sports cars, despite their full bodywork and enclosed wheel-wells.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola introduced the T600/T610 range for IMSA GTP racing in the early 1980s – these were fitted with a range of engines including Cosworth, Mazda and Chevrolet, as well as the novel Polimotor engine built using composite materials. Derivatives of this car were successful for some time in IMSA and Group C racing. Later Lola Group C and GTP cars tended to be built specifically for manufacturer programmes, specifically the later Nissan Group C entries and the Chevrolet Corvette GTP program. Lola also built a car for the 3.5 L Group C formula, the T92/10, but the championship collapsed before this could be fully developed.


title: Lola Cars

text: More recently, Lola produced a range of sports cars for Le Mans-style racing starting with the B98/10, which was successful in the European market but less so in the USA. The B2K/10, with its additional central headlight reminiscent of a cyclops or a locomotive was more notable for its looks than its performance. While Lola has had limited success in the top class of the sport versus factory cars like the BMW V12 LMR and Audi R8, Lola has enjoyed periods of dominance in the second class (formerly LMP675, now LMP2), including championship class victories in the American Le Mans Series, although this has been threatened in the ALMS LMP2 by works-supported entries from Acura and Porsche.


title: Lola Cars

text: A dedicated LMP675 car was built for MG in 2001, powered by a two-litre four-cylinder AER turbocharged engine. This was entered at Le Mans by the works team as the MG-Lola EX257, and was also run as the Lola B01/60 by private entrants. Later developments of this car have been fitted with assorted small V8s and the chassis was developed into recent customer LMP1 and LMP2 chassis.


title: Lola Cars

text: An updated version of the Lola LMP2 came in 2005 with the introduction of the Lola B05/40 (also known as the MG-Lola EX264/265). It quickly became a contender in LMP2 by taking class honours in 2005 and 2006 at Le Mans with Ray Mallock Limited. It also earned several class wins in the American Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006 with Intersport Racing, including a second-place overall finish in the 2006 12 Hours of Sebring. In 2007, extensive updates were made to the chassis, to accommodate the all-new Acura powerplant run by Fernandez Racing. In addition, an essentially brand new LMP2 prototype, the B07/40, was built to house the new AER-based Mazda engine. This new version is being run exclusively in the U.S. by B-K Motorsports.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola also updated its LMP1 challenger in 2006 with the introduction of the B06/10. The car was run in the American Le Mans Series by Dyson Racing and in the Le Mans Series and the 24 Hours of Le Mans by UK-based Chamberlain-Synergy Racing. Chamberlain continued to run the machine in 2007 and 2008, while the former Dyson cars have been run off and on in the ALMS by Cytosport Racing and Intersport Racing. As with its LMP2 program, the 2007 calendar year saw Lola introduce further upgrades with the debut of the B07/10, which saw action in the Le Mans Series and the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Charouz Racing and the Swiss Spirit team (using the same engine as the Audi R8).


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola (in association with Tracy Krohn) took over the Multimatic franchise in Grand-Am's Daytona Prototype category in 2007. Krohn used his Riley cars at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2008 but switched to the new cars later in the season.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola also introduced a pair of closed-cockpit Le Mans prototypes in 2008, the first of which is the B08/60 running in the P1 category. The first B08/60 was raced by the Charouz team (with assistance from Prodrive) and featured an Aston Martin V12 engine to GT1 specification.


title: Lola Cars

text: The B08/80 built to P2 regulations was first raced by Sebah Racing (and Speedy Racing in the 2008 Le Mans 24 Hours) and continued racing in the 2009 and 2010 seasons.


title: Lola Cars

text: It was announced on 21 July 2010, that Lola would be building the B11/40 to comply with the new 2011 LMP2 regulations. The car was to be a carbon fibre open-top monocoque race car featuring an all-carbon bodykit, quick-release removable rear bodywork including a stabilization fin on the engine cover which is a safety requirement of the new regulations. However, on 16 May 2012, it was reported that Lola Cars was entering financial administration. The administrator, CCW Recovery Solutions, was unable to find a suitable buyer and the firm ceased trading on 5 October 2012, laying off the last employees.


title: Lola Cars

text: On 16 October 2012, it was announced in the competition press that some assets of Lola Cars were acquired by Multimatic Inc. and Haas Auto. In addition to the asset purchase, Multimatic and Haas obtained a licence agreement to use the Lola Cars name and intellectual property.


title: Lola Cars

text: Multimatic has since supplied two Lola B12/80 LMP2 chassis' to Mazda for IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship competition. The cars were powered by turbocharged inline-four Mazda diesel powerplants in 2014 and 2015, and a gasoline-powered turbo inline-four in 2016. All of the WeatherTech Sports Car Championship's Prototype-class chassis were retired at the end of the 2016 season in favour of a new specification, marking the end of Mazda's use of the Lola chassis.


title: Lola Cars

text: In late 2021, Till Bechtolsheimer bought Lola, the assets of which include the brand and trademarks, intellectual property, and the Lola Technical Centre (with wind tunnel). The plan is to have a car on the track in 2024-25 time frame. Bechtolsheimer drove a Lola for the first time in November 2022—a 1958 Mk1 at Harris Hill Raceway.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola resisted making a 'works' (i.e. a factory) Formula One entry for many years, being content to construct cars on behalf of other entrants. Lola's first works entry in 1997 led directly to the financial ruin of the company.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola made its first foray into Formula One in 1962, supplying Lola Mk4 cars to Reg Parnell's "Bowmaker-Yeoman Racing Team", with John Surtees and Roy Salvadori as drivers. A measure of success was immediate, with Surtees's car claiming pole position in its first World Championship race, but although points were often scored, wins in Championship Grands Prix eluded the team. After Bowmaker's withdrawal, Parnell continued to run the cars privately. Privateer Bob Anderson gave the Mk4 its last victory, in the non-Championship 1963 Rome Grand Prix. Consistency, however, was not to be found, and after only two seasons, Lola abandoned Formula One cars for the time being.


title: Lola Cars

text: In 1967, Lola assisted Honda Racing and John Surtees with the design of their F1 car. The overweight chassis design by the engine-specialists from Honda was abandoned, and a 1966 Lola Indianapolis monocoque (Lola T90) used as the basis for a Honda-engined car. The resultant Honda RA300 was called the "Lola T130" by Lola Cars, unofficially called the "Hondola" by the press, and was sufficiently light and powerful to win the 1967 Italian Grand Prix.


title: Lola Cars

text: A number of Lola-built BMW F2 cars were subsequently entered in the F2 class of the German Grand Prix at about this time.


title: Lola Cars

text: Towards the end of his long career, Graham Hill found it difficult to attract works drives; with a view to both finding a drive and a future as a team owner he established his own team backed by the Embassy cigarette brand. After an unsuccessful 1973 with a customer Shadow, the team commissioned its own cars from Lola. The T370 was largely based on the Formula 5000 cars of the time, and looked similar to Lola's F5000 cars, although it sported a larger airbox. The car was developed by Andy Smallman into the Hill GH1 in 1975, but the team's first in-house design, the Hill GH2, remained unraced when Hill, Tony Brise, Smallman and several other team personnel were killed in an air crash in November 1975.


title: Lola Cars

text: The Haas Lola F1 programme was extremely promising, funded by a large American industrial conglomerate Beatrice Foods and run by the highly experienced Teddy Mayer, with the promise of works Ford power, but it flattered to deceive. The handsome car, designed mostly by Neil Oatley, was barely a Lola; the name was used largely because Haas was Lola's US concessionaire although Broadley had some involvement with the car. Alan Jones was tempted out of retirement to drive it in F1 races towards the end of the 1985 season, with Patrick Tambay joining in a second car for 1986. A works Ford-Cosworth turbocharged engine was promised, but this did not materialise until 1986 and old Hart four-cylinder units were used. Car, engine, drivers and sponsors were all troublesome and the team folded after the 1986 season with most of its assets (including the factory) being sold to Bernie Ecclestone. At one point during the season, Ecclestone informed the Haas Lola team that "his driver" (Patrese) would be in the car at the next meeting; Ecclestone was primarily interested in acquiring the Ford engines as a replacement for the BMW units in his Brabhams but the manufacturer vetoed this, offering the engines to Benetton instead. He used the team's factory to build the ill-fated Alfa Romeo "ProCar" (a series for "silhouette" touring cars with F1-style mechanicals and engines).


title: Lola Cars

text: The Larrousse & Calmels programme was initially much lower-key than the previous effort. Starting from a simple Cosworth-powered car based on Lola's F3000 technologies, the French team built up a steady reputation in normally aspirated F1 from 1987 on. They attracted Lamborghini V12 power for 1989 and once the Chris Murphy-designed car was on stream, scored some good results with Éric Bernard and Aguri Suzuki. The team experienced some problems after Didier Calmels's arrest for the murder of his wife, but continued at a slightly lower key with Cosworth power again. Unfortunately, due to irregularities with the team's F1 entry in 1990, (the cars were entered as Larrousses but were really Lolas) they lost all their Constructors' Championship points – which promoted the politically well-connected Ligier outfit into a position in the Constructors' Championship that gave them significant FIA benefits.


title: Lola Cars

text: The Scuderia Italia programme was something of a disaster from the start. The team had done reasonably well with Dallara chassis before, but turned to Lola for 1993. Powered by customer Ferrari engines, both engine and car seemed to be well off the pace and Michele Alboreto and Luca Badoer struggled to even qualify for races. Badoer finished 7th in the 1993 San Marino Grand Prix, a race of high attrition, to score the best Lola result of the season. The team withdrew from F1 before the final two races of the season. It partly merged with Minardi for 1994.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola built a number of Cosworth V8 powered test cars in 1994–95, with rumours of a Havoline-funded quasi-works Ford team. The rumour was that Cosworth V12s badged Jaguar would go to Benetton, in fact no Ford/Jaguar V12 ran in F1 or elsewhere, and Lola would inherit the Zetec V8.


title: Lola Cars

text: Allan McNish did much of the test driving, but as this was a period of instability in the F1 rules little was achieved.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola had originally intended to enter Formula One in their own right in 1998, but pressure from main sponsor MasterCard caused Lola to debut its new car one year early, in 1997. The sponsorship model was curious, linked both to MasterCard membership of a 'club', and to results – something a first-year F1 team often finds hard to achieve. A custom-built V10 engine from Al Melling was going to be fitted to the cars, which initially started racing fitted with underpowered Ford Cosworth ED V8s.


title: Lola Cars

text: The cars had a lot of problems, the worst being aerodynamics – they had never even been tested in a wind-tunnel when they arrived in Australia, which by that point in time was unthinkable. The car was fundamentally flawed, and the lack of wind-tunnel time had made it even less competitive. Despite the car's problems, the team was confident that it could finish ahead of some of the other teams. The results were disastrous, the cars were well off the pace and were no faster than Lola's Formula 3000 cars. After only one race, the sponsors pulled out; the team turned up for the second race in Brazil but the cars did not turn a wheel and that was the end of the MasterCard Lola story. Shortly afterwards, the entire Lola Car Company went into receivership. The company was saved through the purchase and cash rescue package from Martin Birrane.


title: Lola Cars

text: On 22 April 2009, Lola announced on its website that "Lola Group has commenced a major project comprising a full technical, operational and financial evaluation aimed at developing a car to compete in the FIA Formula One World Championship".


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola was one of several teams to lodge an entry with the FIA for the 2010 Formula One World Championship.


title: Lola Cars

text: On 17 June, however, the company abandoned its plans to return to F1 after failing to secure a place on the initial 2010 entry list.


title: Lola Cars

text: The owner of the Force India team, Vijay Mallya, had intended to rename his team since mid-2017, however, this plan did not go ahead until the arrival of Lawrence Stroll, a Canadian billionaire, who bought Force India in 2018 and renamed as "Racing Point". However, Stroll's intention was to get the rights to the name Lola (among others) to compete in the 2019 season. Stroll failed in this attempt, and Racing Point remained with that name.


title: Lola Cars

text: After its limited success in the 1960s with Formula One, Lola turned its attention primarily to sports cars but also to Formula Two, where Lola became the works team for BMW. As the years went on, Lola had somewhat more success in Formula Two than it ever had in Formula One, although as March and later Ralt established themselves, Lola's involvement in the category became intermittent and less successful. The final Lola F2 was derived from a Ralt design – the Ralt RT2 became the Toleman TG280, which Toleman licensed to Lola who productionised it as the T850. When Formula Two was replaced by Formula 3000 in 1985, Lola made a "false start" with a car based on their significantly larger Indycar chassis; from 1986 they returned with a bespoke F3000 design. Lola enjoyed significant success for the next few years, competing with Ralt and Reynard, although Reynard effectively wiped the others out of the market. In 1996 the International Formula 3000 Championship became a one-make series, and Lola was awarded the contract by the FIA to build the Lola T96/50 chassis for all teams competing in the championship. The contract which was renewed in 1999 (Lola B99/50)and 2002 (Lola B02/50) before International F3000 was replaced by GP2 and Lola lost the bid to build the new chassis.


title: Lola Cars

text: Formula Nippon ran mixed grids of cars (with Reynard dominating) until 2003, when Lola was awarded that contract as well. The Euroseries 3000 used the B02/50 from 2007 to 2009, while the ex-A1GP B05/52 chassis was introduced in 2009.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola succeeded in winning the largest-ever contract for single-seater racing cars in 2005, the contract for the A1 Grand Prix series. Lola built 50 identical Zytek V8-powered A1 Grand Prix cars which were leased to the national franchisees (although the teams' spare cars were recalled part-way through the 2005 season to be used for spare parts); development work on these was strictly prohibited. The cars were approximately at the F3000 level of technology.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola has been supplying the car body since 1985, the first year of F3000. The body, named T950, was developed based on the IndyCar T800.


title: Lola Cars

text: The T86/50, designed by Ralph Bellamy, who had transferred from March, was supplied to International F3000. Some of the vehicles used in the International F3000 were sold to Japanese teams and used in the All Japan F3000 Championship the following year.


title: Lola Cars

text: It is a model that improved the T86/50 and made the monocoque made of carbon. In the International Formula 3000, Stefano Modena, who rides the March, won the championship, but in the All Japan F3000, which was the first year of the F3000 in 1987, as the season progressed, more teams switched from March to Lola, and Hoshino switched to Lola. Kazuyoshi became the champion.


title: Lola Cars

text: Developed for the 1988 season. In the All Japan F3000, Aguri Suzuki became the champion by making full use of both Reynard and March, and Kazuyoshi Hoshino was second in the series ranking in the Lola group.


title: Lola Cars

text: In the All Japan F3000, Hitoshi Ogawa became the series champion (the 1988 machine was used in the early stages and the 1989 machine was used after the middle stage), and Lola's strength began to stand out. Reynard was the champion machine in International F3000.


title: Lola Cars

text: Until T89/50, the engine part was exposed, but for the first time in this model, a cowl covering the engine was installed behind the roll bar. The intake to the engine is not behind the roll bar until the previous year, but introduced a design that is guided from the air duct next to the cockpit, similar to the previous year's Benetton F1.


title: Lola Cars

text: Kazuyoshi Hoshino, who controlled this T90/50 in All Japan F3000, and Eric Comas, who entered from DAMS and drove the T90/50 in International F3000, became the champion, and Reynard users changed to Lola in the middle of the season.


title: Lola Cars

text: It looked a lot like the T90/50, but according to Lola, it was 80% new. This year, radial tires were introduced at International F3000 and the suspension geometry was reviewed.


title: Lola Cars

text: Allan McNish, who had a hard time in International Formula 3000 and participated in the previous year's champion team DAMS, suffered two qualifying losses in the three races since the opening. The All Japan F3000 also had a hard time, and at the beginning of the season, many teams used the old T90/50, but as the season progressed, more teams introduced the T91/50.


title: Lola Cars

text: A new underbody and front wing have been adopted to correct the aerodynamic shortcomings of the T91/50 and increase stability. The Benetton-type air intake has been abolished, and intake air to the engine has been taken in from the opening behind the roll bar.


title: Lola Cars

text: The international F3000 continued to struggle, and the only victory was Jean-Marc Gounon 's victory in the final race. At the start of the season, there was no entry for the T92/50 in the All Japan F3000, but soon more than 10 cars entered the race. Mauro Martini on Lola won the title, and Toshio Suzuki of Lola also won second place in the series ranking.


title: Lola Cars

text: It was an evolution of the previous year's model, but a new horizontal sequential gearbox made by Hewland was adopted. The T93/50 weighed between 20 kg and 25 kg, exceeding the specified weight. Journalist Manabu Kumano pointed out that the very heavy weight of the new gearbox may be the main cause of the overweight, comparing the weight balance with the previous year's model T92/50. At the All-Japan F3000, some teams took measures such as introducing lightweight under panels and transmission cases to reduce the weight of the rear of the machine and installing a T92/50 gearbox.


title: Lola Cars

text: There was no entry in International F3000 and it was used only in Japan. He won pole positions in Rounds 7 and 8 when the finals were canceled due to heavy fog, but he never recorded a victory. Kazuyoshi Hoshino, who drives Lola, became the third champion, but Hoshino used the previous year's machine, which has abundant data and is highly reliable.


title: Lola Cars

text: After the end of the International F3000 season, a T93/50 demonstration was held at a European circuit. The T93/50, driven by Vincenzo Sospiri, set a new time for Reynard, and Lola was confident in receiving orders from the international F3000 team for the coming season.


title: Lola Cars

text: The car body became thinner overall, and the side pods became smaller and shorter. It was thought that this change would make it aerodynamically stable and less susceptible to the pitching of the car body. Changes have also been made to the horizontal gearbox, which was pointed out to be overweight in the previous model. A new lightweight case with a total width of about 1 inch has been created, and the airflow behind the vehicle has also been improved. The weight of the car was 530kg, and 20kg of ballast was needed to meet the regulations.


title: Lola Cars

text: Two teams, Nordic and Omegaland, used Lola in the International F3000, but the top of the season was Nordic Jordi Gené 's fourth place on the Catalan circuit.


title: Lola Cars

text: The body design has changed significantly from T94/50. The machine has won the international F3000 since 1992, with Mark Goosen taking third place in the series. In the All Japan F3000, it was used by the Nova The 1995 champion was won by Toshio Suzuki of Lola, but due to the older T94/50.


title: Lola Cars

text: In order to prevent the cost of entering the international F3000 from rising, the machine was Lola and the engine was Gibson Judd's one-make series, eliminating competition in terms of hardware.


title: Lola Cars

text: The International F3000 ended in 2004, but at the Euroseries 3000 Championship, which uses the old chassis, the Lola chassis was used consistently until the end of the 2009 series.


title: Lola Cars

text: In the late 1960s, the SCCA's Formula A series evolved into Formula 5000 and attracted the attention of more professional drivers and teams. It was intended to be a cheap, high-powered open-wheeled racing series using relatively cheap tuned stock-block V8 engines. Lola entered this market as well, and after some interesting struggles with McLaren, Team Surtees and Chevron, came to dominate the later years of the series, producing the bulk of Formula 5000 cars throughout the 1970s – these competed in F5000 in Europe, the US and Australasia. The cars continued when the CanAm series was revived using Formula 5000 cars as the base. Lola made a seamless switch into this kind of "sports car racing", and won five consecutive Can-Am championships.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola had built chassis for the Indianapolis 500 as early as the 1960s – Graham Hill had won the 1966 Indianapolis 500 in a Lola, and Jackie Stewart raced a four-wheel drive Lola there. Al Unser won the 1978 Indianapolis 500 race in a modified Lola chassis. However, the marque did not make a fully fledged attack on the American open wheel market until the mid-1980s.


title: Lola Cars

text: The revived CanAm was a fading series which collapsed in 1986, prompting Lola to move its focus to CART and the Indianapolis 500 beginning in 1983 with Mario Andretti driving a Lola for the new Newman/Haas Racing that year. Once again, Lola showed its ability to succeed in all motorsports outside of Formula One, pushing March down to one team for the 1990 CART season, and out of the series altogether by 1991. Six years after its full-time entrance into Indycar racing, Lola triumphed at Indy again, as the winning car for Arie Luyendyk in the 1990 Indianapolis 500.


title: Lola Cars

text: The rivalry between Lola and Reynard continued in the United States as well as the European F3000 series. Reynard entered CART in 1994 and eventually almost completely displaced Lola from the market. By 1998 only the backmarker Davis Racing team was utilizing the Lola chassis, with Penske Racing using their own chassis, Newman/Haas Racing and Della Penna Motorsports using the new Swift Chassis, All American Racers running their own Eagle chassis, and all others running Reynards. However, when Penske Racing elected to abandon their proprietary chassis in 1999, they elected to run Lolas for the rest of that season, switching to Reynard for 2000 and 2001. Newman/Haas and Chip Ganassi Racing switched to Lolas in running the cars the following year. By 2001 the field was evenly split between the two cars.


title: Lola Cars

text: Reynard's financial trouble and the fact that many of the top teams running the Reynard switched to the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series in 2002 and 2003 meant that development on the Reynard largely ceased. By 2003 Lola was the only remaining manufacturer building new chassis for the Champ Car series. For the 2007 season, Champ Car switched to a spec Panoz chassis, the DP01, as its new chassis used by all competitors. The previous Lola, the B02/00, had been in the series since the 2002 season.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola also produced the spec chassis for the CART Indy Lights developmental series that was used from 1993 to 2001, replacing the previous car that was essentially a modified March 85B Formula 3000 car.


title: Lola Cars

text: In Formula 3, Lola partnered with Dome of Japan to produce a chassis in 2003. There they were competing with long-established Dallara, the two makers being among the last specialty race-car manufacturers in Europe. The partnership was broken in 2005, with Lola building their own chassis which won its debut race in the British series, but the Dallara near-monopoly held.


title: Lola Cars

text: The Lancer WRC04 with the 4G63 engine was mounted to a 5-speed semi-automatic transmission and a new all-wheel drive system co-developed by Ricardo Consulting Engineers and Mitsubishi Motors Motorsports (MMSP). The bodywork was subjected to extensive aerodynamic testing at Lola Cars' wind tunnel and significant changes to body were made after that.


title: Lola Cars

text: Lola built chassis for a wide range of minor categories over the years. Formula Atlantic cars tended to be derived from F2 and F3 designs, and other Lolas raced in Formula Ford, Sports 2000, Formula Super Vee and many other categories, often designed by people who went on to successful careers elsewhere in the sport. For example, Patrick Head of Williams fame designed his first cars for Broadley. There was not much profit margin in the minor-formulae cars, which tended to be built during the summer when the factory was otherwise quiet (most senior-formulae cars are built over the winter in the off-season) – but they kept staff occupied, gave designers somewhere to learn, and established relationships with drivers at early stages of their careers.


title: Lola Cars

text: At the time of Lola's creation, their sports cars and formula cars followed a naming scheme of being numbered in order of construction, and preceded by the term Mark (Mk1 through Mk6). However, in 1964, the designations were altered to become Type (marked as simply T), with the first digit or two designating what type of car, and the final digit designating a variant of that car. This continued until 1986 when the numbering scheme was slightly altered. The T would remain, yet the next two digits would designate the year of original design, and the next two would designate what type of car it was. The final digit would again denote variants of that design. This was again slightly altered in 1998, with the T being replaced by a B, in honor of Lola's owner Martin Birrane. The numbering system would however remain the same.


title: Lola Cars

text: Therefore, a car like the T92/10 would be a 1992 Group C car, and the B02/00 would be a 2002 Champ Car chassis.


title: Lola Cars

text: Note that the Lola former A1 Grand Prix cars currently do not have a designation that matches this scheme, and are marked simply as "Lola A1GP". The evolution of this car used in the Euroseries 3000 and its immediate successor AutoGP was given the name B0552.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: Big Red is a soft drink. It was created in 1937 by Grover C Thomsen and R.H. Roark in Waco, Texas and originally known as Sun Tang Red Cream Soda. It is an American variety of cream soda and it is the original "red cream soda".


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: The name was changed to "Sun Tang Big Red Cream Soda"' in 1959 and to "Big Red" in 1969 by Harold Jansing, then president of the San Antonio bottling plant, after hearing a golf caddy refer to the soda by that name.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: Big Red was initially marketed exclusively in Central and South Texas and around Louisville, Kentucky, and in Southern Indiana. The Louisville connection was due to Roark owning the R.C. Bottling Company in Louisville. Kentucky was the first state in which this soda was available to consumers. May 16, 2018, was proclaimed "Big Red Day" by Louisville mayor Greg Fischer in recognition of the 80th anniversary of Big Red's introduction in that city.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: The drink is popular in the Southern United States, known for its unique taste and red color. Though often thought to be bubble gum, its flavor is a combination of lemon and orange oils, topped off by a pure vanilla that offers a creamy aftertaste. Big Red is produced and distributed by various independent bottlers including Keurig Dr Pepper, CCE, and Pepsi Bottling Group under license from Big Red, Inc., based in Austin, Texas.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: Big Red was the sixth-highest-selling soft drink company in the United States from 2002 to 2004, after Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Dr Pepper/7Up, Cott, and National Beverage Company. As a preeminent red crème soda in the South.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: In 2007 Big Red Ltd. was purchased by Gary Smith, with backing from Citigroup Venture Capital and Goldman Sachs. Smith serves as the Chairman and CEO of Big Red and All Sport, Inc. In 2008 Keurig Dr Pepper purchased a minority interest in Big Red, Inc. Dr Pepper distributes almost 80% of Big Red annually. Although the production facility is still in Waco, Texas, Big Red relocated their corporate headquarters to Austin, Texas, in 2009.


title: Big Red (soft drink)

text: In 2020, Islla St. Brewery in San Antonio, Texas created a Big Red flavored beer called Big Rojo (later renamed Wild Rojo).


title: Polina Gagarina

text: Polina Sergeyevna Gagarina (; born 27 March 1987) is a Russian singer and songwriter. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with "A Million Voices" where she finished second with 303 points. In doing so, she became the first second placed finisher to exceed 300 points. Gagarina also participated in the Chinese reality-competition "Singer" in 2019, where she was one of the finalists.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: She was the tenth-highest Russian earner on Instagram and YouTube in 2021, with net revenue of about 6 million US dollars from 8.9 million subscribers.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: Polina Gagarina was born in Moscow, but spent most of her youth in Greece. Her mother was a ballet dancer. In 1993, Gagarina's father died and her mother decided to move back to Russia, but they soon moved back to Greece and settled in Athens. After completing her education, she moved to Saratov to live with her grandmother. Besides her native language Russian, she is also fluent in Greek and English.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: In 2003, Gagarina competed in season two of "Star Factory", a Russian reality singing competition. She performed several songs by Maxim Fadeev and went on to win the show, but refused to work with Fadeev after her victory. After winning "Star Factory", Gagarina was invited to perform in the group Playgirls. The group received a recording contract with ARS Records, but ultimately disbanded. She later released the singles "Kolybelnaya", "Morning", "Ya tvoya", "Pomnyu", and "Ya tebya ne proshchu nikogda". Her debut album "Poprosi u oblakov" was released in 2007.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: In 2008, Gagarina released the single "Komu, zachem?", a duet with Russian singer Irina Dubtsova. In March 2010, her second studio album "O sebe" was released. In 2012, Gagarina started to collaborate with Russian-Georgian producer Konstantin Meladze. With Meladze she recorded four singles: "Spektakl okonchen" ("The Play Is Over"), "Net" ("No"), "Navek" ("Forever") and "Shagay" ("Stride").


title: Polina Gagarina

text: On 9 March 2015, it was revealed that Gagarina would represent Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "A Million Voices". Gagarina placed first in the first semi-final with 182 points, before coming second in the Grand Final of the contest, ending up with 303 points. This was the fourth highest overall points total of all time and she became the first non-winning participant to exceed 300 points. On 25 July 2015, she performed "A Million Voices" as the closing song of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying draw in Saint Petersburg, shown on television worldwide. On 9 August 2015, she performed at the closing ceremony of the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan. She was a coach in the Russian reality talent show "The Voice" in seasons four and five. In September 2016, her third studio album "9" was released. This album peaked at number one on the Russia iTunes charts.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: On 1 February 2019, it was revealed that Gagarina participated in Chinese' reality competition "Singer 2019", also known as the seventh season of "I Am a Singer", entering under the substitute singer status on the fourth week. Gagarina was the third European contestant to participate after season six's winner Jessie J (United Kingdom) and Kristian Kostov (Bulgaria), who participated in season seven alongside her. Gagarina achieved three top placements on the first five-week of shows before finishing last in her sixth show, which was the Challenge round; Gagarina would have been eliminated per the competition rules but was instead saved after the Challenger of the week was unsuccessful in beating a majority (4) of the seven singers. On 22 March, she was temporarily given a bye after reporting to the media that she sustained a muscle injury during rehearsals. Despite her injury, she eventually ranked in the top three during the following week's round, called the Breakout round (a round featured previously eliminated contestants, substitute singers, except withdrawn and non-competing singers), where she became one of the seven finalists eligible for the title of "Singer 2019" winner. In the Finals Rush Hour, she performed a duet with Chinese singer Geng Sihan, singing the song "Shallow". In the first round of the final, she sung "We Are the World" alongside Kazakhstan's Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 participant Daneliya Tuleshova, Filipino-Canadian singer Darren Espanto and Chinese rapper Air Ari. She was, however, was knocked out that round.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: For season eight of the Voice in 2019, she rejoined as a coach. Also, for the first time on The Voice Kids, she was a coach for season seven.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: In 2021, she teamed up with fellow Eurovision 2015 contestant Måns Zelmerlöw to record the official song, "Circles and Squares", for the 2021 World Figure Skating Championships. It was released on 21 February 2021.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: On 18 March 2022, Gagarina sang at a pro-government rally held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow celebrating the eighth anniversary of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation from Ukraine and endorsing Russia's invasion of Ukraine that started the previous month. She was subsequently banned from entering Latvia, along with a list of 24 other Russian artists who had expressed their support for the Russian government's actions. Her concert, scheduled in February 2023 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, was cancelled after online protest in Kazakhstan over her support of Russian's military operation. The Presidential Administration of Russia put Gagarina on the list of singers who were recommended to be invited to state-sponsored events.


title: Polina Gagarina

text: On 25 August 2007, Gagarina married Russian actor Pyotr Kislov. She gave birth to their son, Andrey, on 14 October 2007. They divorced on 31 March 2010. She married photographer Dmitry Iskhakov on 9 September 2014. In April 2017, she gave birth to their daughter, Miya. The couple split in 2021.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: A Good Marriage is a 2014 American psychological thriller film based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King, from the 2010 collection "Full Dark, No Stars". It stars Joan Allen, Anthony LaPaglia, Kristen Connolly and Stephen Lang. It was released on October 3, 2014.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Bob (Anthony LaPaglia) and Darcy Anderson (Joan Allen) are happily married with two adult children. One evening while Bob is away on a business trip, Darcy goes into the garage to search for batteries. When rummaging through Bob's things, she comes across pornographic magazines containing sadomasochistic images. Upon looking further, she finds a secret compartment behind the garage's baseboard and inside is a small box containing ID cards of Marjorie Duvall, a victim of a serial killer known as "Beadie".


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Horrified, Darcy looks up Beadie online and cross-checks Bob's business records with the locations of the murders, finding that he was close to most of the crimes. She also sees a photograph of Duvall wearing earrings identical to the ones Bob recently gave her as an anniversary gift. Meanwhile, after spotting a young woman leaving a diner, Bob follows her in his car. He then returns home to confront Darcy; he has deduced her discovery. He calmly explains his insanity to Darcy, recounting how he and a sadistic friend named Brian Delahanty, or "BD" (from which "Beadie" was derived), planned a school shooting as teenagers. However, Delahanty was hit by a car before they could carry it out, but Bob claims he had "infected" him with "certain ideas", resulting in his homicidal urges.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Bob claims that, after he started a family with Darcy, his murderous alter ego receded and he was not driven to kill again for several years. He asks Darcy to put the matter behind them for the sake of their children, and then falls asleep. The following morning, Darcy feigns an agreement to forget what she has discovered, on the condition that he does not kill again, and that he bury Duvall's ID cards in the woods. Bob agrees.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: A few months later, Bob, who is an avid coin collector, finds a rare 1955 doubled die cent, he and Darcy go out to celebrate. Upon arriving home, Darcy has Bob fetch some Perrier while she waits for him upstairs, ostensibly for sex. However, when Bob goes up, Darcy pushes him back down the stairs, breaking his back and arm. She then manages to shove a plastic bag and a dish cloth down his throat, killing him. After removing all evidence of murder, Darcy manages to convince the police and the children that Bob died in a drunken accident. Darcy assumes the ordeal is over.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Not long after Bob is buried, a retired ailing detective named Holt Ramsey (Stephen Lang), visits the house. Ramsey has spent years investigating the Beadie murders and had questioned Bob previously. Ramsey tells Darcy that he suspected Bob was the killer, since his Chevrolet Suburban was seen in the vicinity of each victim. Darcy realises that Ramsey has figured out her role in Bob's death, but she rejects any accusations and Ramsey leaves. Later that night when Ramsey is admitted to hospital, Darcy visits him and threatens to smother him with a pillow, claiming "two can keep a secret if one of them is dead". Once she admits the truth, Ramsey assures her that she did the right thing.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Darcy returns home and enjoys life on her own, after realising that Bob was close to being caught and therefore wasn't as smart as he thought he was. She finds that she can now be at peace with herself.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: On May 19, 2012, ScreenDaily reported that Will Battersby and Peter Askin were producing an adaptation of "A Good Marriage"; Askin was announced as directing Stephen King's screenplay of his own novella. On September 11, 2012, Joan Allen was announced as the lead in the film.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: The film, when announced, caused controversy when King said that he took influence from serial killer Dennis Rader. Kerri Rawson, Rader's daughter, said that King was exploiting her father's victims by taking inspiration from his life.


title: A Good Marriage (film)

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 35% of 20 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 4.8/10. Metacritic rated it 43/100 based on eight reviews. Frank Scheck of "The Hollywood Reporter" called it "a decidedly minor" adaptation that "fails to fulfill the potential of its provocative premise". Andy Webster of "The New York Times" called it a "low-key, assured thriller" with a strong performance from Allen. Gary Goldstein of the "Los Angeles Times" called it "a wry, old-fashioned game of cat and mouse" with good acting. Pete Vonder Haar of "The Village Voice" wrote that it is a serviceable, nondescript thriller that was a surprising choice to adapt to film. Rod Pocowatchit of "The Wichita Eagle" rejected concerns of exploitation, but said that the film comes across as a low-budget made-for-TV film. Kiva Reardon of "The A.V. Club" rated it D+ and wrote, "By its conclusion, "A Good Marriage" doesn't give a definitive answer to its titular topic, but it does make clear what makes a bad movie." Chuck Bowen of "Slant Magazine" rated it 2/4 stars and wrote, "The film is watchable in a plodding one-thing-after-another sort of way, but it could have used far more of King's mordant humor". Patrick Cooper of Bloody Disgusting rated it 1/5 stars and called it the worst King adaptation yet due to its lack of thrills. Staci Layne Wilson of Dread Central rated it 3/5 stars and questioned the choice of source material. Wilson said that the actors are good, but they have no chemistry, which makes the film stale.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: Friedrich Alexander Maria "Fritz" Mandl (9 February 1900 – 8 September 1977) was chairman of Hirtenberger Patronen-Fabrik, a leading Austrian armaments firm founded by his father, Alexander Mandl.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: A prominent fascist, Mandl was attached to the Austrofascism and Italian varieties and an opponent of Nazism. In the 1930s he became close to Prince Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg, the commander of the Austrian nationalist militia ("Heimwehr"), which he furnished with weapons and ammunition. He inherited the weapons factory from his father, Alexander Mandl, which was used to help equip Hitler's Germany. Until 1940, Mandl tried to maintain contact with Hermann Göring's office in order to supply Germany with iron.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: Mandl was born on 9 February 1900, in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, the son of a Jewish father and a Catholic mother: Alexander Mandl (1861–1943) and Maria Mohr (1873–1924).


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: Lamarr later wrote in "Ecstasy and Me", that both Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and German dictator Adolf Hitler attended Mandl's parties. However, Mandl had a personal quarrel with the Nazi minister Hermann Göring which, as well as his Jewish descent, led to the expropriation of his property in Europe. After the Anschluss of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Mandl transferred as many of his assets as he could to Swiss ownership, resigned as director-general of the munitions company and fled to Switzerland. He was forced to sell his business for £170,000 and 1.24 million Sperrmark to the German Wilhelm Gustloff Stiftung. The remaining property was seized.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: Some time in the mid-1940s, Mandl moved to Brazil and then to Argentina. He arrived in Argentina as a "refugee", with his Rolls Royce, a court of maintainers, and a ton of gold bullion. He became a citizen and remarried in 1951. In Argentina he opened factories and companies during Peronism.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: In Argentina, he served as an advisor to Juan Perón and attempted a new role as film producer. He also founded a new airplane manufacturing firm, Industria Metalúrgica y Plástica Argentina. Mandl became a leading member of Argentina's social circles. He acquired a home in Mar del Plata, a castle in Córdoba and a small hotel in Buenos Aires. He worked closely with French designer Jean-Michel Frank, who was then artistic director of Comte S.A., who produced most of Mandl's furnishings.


title: Friedrich Mandl

text: Mandl had to close his businesses in Argentina when Americans harassed him on suspicion of his being a Nazi. He returned to Austria in 1955 where he resumed running the factory at Hirtenberg. He died in Vienna in 1977. After his death, a dispute broke out over his inheritance that took years to resolve.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: Endgame is the twelfth studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. It was produced by Dave Mustaine and Andy Sneap and released through Roadrunner Records on September 15, 2009. "Endgame" was the first album to feature guitarist Chris Broderick, following Glen Drover's departure in 2008, and is the band's last studio album with bassist James LoMenzo, as original bassist David Ellefson rejoined the band several months after the album's release.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: There are eleven tracks on the album, with lyrics inspired by subjects ranging from "The Lord of the Rings" and the financial crisis of 2007–08, to insanity, torture and crime. Two singles were released from the album: "Head Crusher" and "The Right to Go Insane"; the former was nominated for "Best Metal Performance" at the 2010 Grammy Awards. "Endgame" entered the "Billboard" 200 at number nine, and reached number one on the U.S. Top Hard Rock Albums chart. As of April 2011 it has sold about 150,000 copies in the U.S. The album received positive reviews from music critics, and was thought to continue the success of the band's previous album, "United Abominations" (2007). In 2009, it won two Metal Storm Awards: Best Thrash Metal Album and Biggest Surprise. It was also awarded Best Album in "Burrn!" magazine's 2009 Readers' Poll.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: On May 27, 2009, Megadeth frontman and guitarist Dave Mustaine confirmed twelve songs were complete and the group was currently mixing and mastering the record. The first preview from "Endgame" was a six-minute video featuring Sneap describing the process of mixing "Head Crusher" at his studio in Derbyshire, England. In the video, he called the upcoming album "old-school". "Endgame" was recorded at the band's studio, "Vic's Garage", in San Marcos, California. The track listing was initially revealed on July 2, 2009, although several track titles were later shortened for the final release. The album was produced by Andy Sneap, who also produced Megadeth's previous album, "United Abominations".


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: Mustaine said of the album: "It is fast, it is heavy, there is singing, yelling, speaking, and guest voices (maybe not singing – more like in "Captive Honour"), the soloing is insane." He described it as a riff-oriented album, less melodic than the band's mid-to-late 90s material. Mustaine had saved a number of old rehearsal tapes, which were used as the album's starting point. The band members had online chats with fans on their website while recording, which according to Mustaine, helped lift the band's enthusiasm.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: Megadeth finished recording the album on May 19, and on June 18, the album title was announced to be "Endgame". The cover artwork was released online on July 27, 2009. John Lorenzi, who designed the cover for "United Abominations", returned for the album cover for "Endgame" The release date for "Endgame" was announced on the Megadeth official website as September 15, 2009, and "Metal Hammer" was the first to review the album track by track. A week after its release, the album had sold 45,000 copies in the United States and 8,200 copies in Canada, debuting at number nine on the "Billboard" 200, one place lower than the debut of "United Abominations" in 2007. The album placed first on the Hard Rock Albums chart and second on the Rock Albums chart.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: On May 10, 2009, Mustaine announced on TheLiveLine that some music from Megadeth would appear in the film "Land of the Lost" to help promote "Endgame". Whether the music was to be from the album was not clear. During the message Mustaine left on TheLiveLine, it was stated there was new music playing in the background of the message. Ultimately, parts of the song "The Right to Go Insane", can be heard near the end of the film. Another song from the album, "This Day We Fight!", was used as a playable song on "". As promotion for "Endgame", Megadeth performed "Head Crusher" on the September 17, 2009, edition of "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon".


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: Megadeth toured in support of the album, beginning in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in November 2009 and ending on December 13, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The tour featured Machine Head, Suicide Silence, Warbringer, and Arcanium. Megadeth, Slayer, and Testament were set to embark on the American Carnage tour on January 18, but it was postponed until summer due to Slayer frontman Tom Araya's undergoing back surgery.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: "Endgame"'s lyrical themes are diverse. "This Day We Fight!" drew inspiration by Aragorn's plea to his fighters from "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. "44 Minutes" is about the North Hollywood shootout of 1997 and the title is derived from the film "" based on the event. "1,320" was written about nitro fuel funny cars. Mustaine said "Bite the Hand" was written "about the greed of the fiduciary leaders of the financial world and how they just didn't care about the responsibility they had to the public." The title track was written "about a bill that ex-President George W. Bush signed into law that gave him the power to put American citizens in detention centers here in the United States".


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: "The Hardest Part of Letting Go…Sealed With a Kiss" is a two-part song which Mustaine wrote for his wife. PopMatters reviewer Adrien Begrand called it a "twisted love song". "Head Crusher", describes the medieval torture device of the same name. Mustaine said "How the Story Ends" was inspired by the teachings of Sun Tzu. Begrand describes "The Right to Go Insane" as "[Mustaine's] usual 'I'm slowly going nuts' shtick"; however, Mustaine stated the song was "about having been wiped out, like so many Americans, from the recession and potential depression years of 2000 [sic]".


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: The album's lead single was "Head Crusher". According to Roadrunner Records' website, a download of "Head Crusher" was available for 24 hours on July 7, starting at 11:00 AM Eastern Time Zone. The availability of the download ended the morning of July 8. The track was previously available for listening by calling Dave Mustaine's number through the TheLiveLine.com, a service he launched that enables musicians to connect to their audience over the phone. The song was nominated for "Best Metal Performance" at the 52nd annual Grammy Awards – the band's first Grammy nomination since the 1997 song "Trust" – and received a music video directed by Bill Fishman.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: The second single, "The Right to Go Insane", was released eight months later. A music video for it was released in April 2010 and featured then-recently returned bass player David Ellefson. The video's plot is roughly based on the story of Shawn Nelson, an unemployed plumber who rampaged through San Diego in a stolen M60 Patton tank. The video premiered at a show in Austin, Texas on March 26 during the anniversary tour for "Rust in Peace". The song hit position 34 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: "Endgame" received generally positive reviews from critics. Stephanie Burkett from BBC Music said the album is "their most reliable and proficient album since "Rust in Peace"." She also noted that Megadeth "are once again asserting their right to be considered one of the best and most consistent heavy metal groups on the planet." Chad Bowar of About.com awarded four and a half stars saying, "Megadeth is still at the top of their game. "Endgame" has some old-school moments, but also modern ones. 2007’s "United Abominations" garnered a lot of critical praise and was on many year-end best of lists that year... "Endgame" is even better." AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia said "Megadeth's second release for Roadrunner, "Endgame", whose title apparently refers to "coming full circle" rather than any sort of goodbye, and finds the latest iteration of Megadeth – debuting new guitarist Chris Broderick (ex-Nevermore, Jag Panzer) – working primarily within their technical thrash comfort zone (think "Peace Sells" through "Rust in Peace"), with only a few latter-day elements and rare experimental diversions."


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: Adrien Begrand of Popmatters noted "not a moment is wasted on "Endgame"" and said "it's all due to Mustaine sticking to his strengths, and with the extraordinarily talented Broderick as his new wingman, the record positively scorches with an intensity we haven't heard since "Rust in Peace". With its furious back-and-forth solos, opening instrumental 'Dialectic Chaos' wastes no time in showcasing that dynamic between Mustaine and Broderick, and combined with the pure speed of 'This Day We Fight!', longtime fans will be instantly reminded of the bracing 'Into the Lungs of Hell'/'Set the World Afire' one-two punch that kicks off 1988's great "So Far, So Good... So What!"." Mark Eglinton of "The Quietus" described the album as "a return to form" for Megadeth. Rock guitarist Slash gave a favorable review to "Endgame" via Twitter. Also, "Q" gave the album three stars out of five and said: ""Endgame" starts with an instrumental before hitting the kind of rhythms that once earned Megadeth the tag 'state-of-the-art speed-metal-band'."


title: Endgame (Megadeth album)

text: "Endgame" has since been regarded as a high point of the band's later career. It follows upon two well-received predecessors, while the band started to change its musical direction on the following two albums. In 2013, WhatCulture included "Endgame" as number five on its "Top 5 Megadeth albums" list, behind "Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!".


title: Acrobatics

text: Acrobatics () is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, and gymnastics, and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.


title: Acrobatics

text: Acrobatic traditions are found in many cultures, and there is evidence that the earliest such traditions occurred thousands of years ago. For example, Minoan art from c. 2000 BC contains depictions of acrobatic feats on the backs of bulls. Ancient Greeks practiced acrobatics, and the noble court displays of the European Middle Ages would often include acrobatic performances that included juggling.


title: Acrobatics

text: In China, acrobatics have been a part of the culture since the Tang Dynasty (203 BC). Acrobatics were part of village harvest festivals. During the Tang Dynasty, acrobatics saw much the same sort of development as European acrobatics saw during the Middle Ages, with court displays during the 7th through 10th century dominating the practice. Acrobatics continues to be an important part of modern Chinese variety art.


title: Acrobatics

text: Though the term initially applied to tightrope walking, in the 19th century, a form of performance art including circus acts began to use the term as well. In the late 19th century, tumbling and other acrobatic and gymnastic activities became competitive sport in Europe.


title: Acrobatics

text: Acrobatics has often served as a subject for fine art. Examples of this are paintings such as "Acrobats at the Cirque Fernando (Francisca and Angelina Wartenberg)" by Impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, which depicts two German acrobatic sisters, Pablo Picasso's 1905 "Acrobat and Young Harlequin", and "" by Viktor Vasnetsov.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Acrobalance" is a floor based acrobatic art that involves balances, lifts and creating shapes performed in pairs or groups.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Acro dance" is a style of dance that combines classical dance technique with precision acrobatic elements.


title: Acrobatics

text: A "trapeze" is a short horizontal bar hung by ropes or metal straps from a support. Trapeze acts may be static, spinning (rigged from a single point), swinging or flying, and may be performed solo, double, triple or as a group act.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Corde lisse" is a skill or act that involves acrobatics on a vertically hanging rope. The name is French for "smooth rope".


title: Acrobatics

text: "Cloud swing" is a skill that usually combines static and swinging trapeze skills, drops, holds and rebound lifts.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Cradle" (also known as aerial cradle or casting cradle) is a type of aerial circus skill in which a performer hangs by their knees from a large rectangular frame and swings, tosses, and catches another performer


title: Acrobatics

text: "Aerial silks" is a type of aerial skill in which one or more artists perform aerial acrobatics while hanging from a long length of fabric suspended from a frame or ceiling.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Aerial hoop" (also known as the "lyra", "aerial ring" or "cerceau"/"cerceaux"') is a circular steel apparatus (resembling a hula hoop) suspended from the ceiling or a frame, on which artists may perform aerial acrobatics. It can be used static, spinning, or swinging.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Contortion" (sometimes contortionism) is a performance art in which performers called contortionists showcase their skills of extreme physical flexibility


title: Acrobatics

text: "Tightrope walking", also called funambulism, is the skill of walking along a thin wire or rope. Its earliest performance has been traced to Ancient Greece. It is commonly associated with the circus. Other skills similar to tightrope walking include slack rope walking and slacklining.


title: Acrobatics

text: "Tumbling" is an acrobatic skill involving rolls, twists, somersaults and other rotational activities using the whole body. Its origin can be traced to ancient China, Ancient Greece and ancient Egypt. Tumbling continued in medieval times and then in circuses and theatre before becoming a competitive sport.


title: Verónica Castro

text: Verónica Castro (), full name Verónica Judith Sáinz Castro (born 19 October 1952), is a Mexican actress, singer, producer, former model and presenter.


title: Verónica Castro

text: She started her career as a television actress, where she met comedian Manuel Valdés, father of her son Cristian Castro, and in fotonovelas and telenovelas while earning her degree in international relations.


title: Verónica Castro

text: In 1986, she performed in the Latin version of "We Are The World", Cantare, cantaras. She also released one of her most ambitious albums to date, "Simplemente Todo." The top-selling singles from "Simplemente Todo" were "Oye Tu," the title selection, "Nunca Lo Sabra," and "Macumba." Unlike other artists of the time, however, Castro accompanied her singles with videos, becoming one of the pioneers of the MTV age in Latin America. Even as she recorded the music video "Macumba," she worked in telenovelas in Argentina and Italy.


title: Verónica Castro

text: During the 1990s, she began hosting variety shows, and has continued to do so since. Her son, Cristian, is a teen idol singer across Latin America and the United States.


title: Verónica Castro

text: In 2009 Verónica Castro went back to telenovelas, and left her native Mexico for Argentina to film the telenovela "Los Exitosos Pérez." It premiered in Mexico on August 30, 2009.


title: Verónica Castro

text: In 2017, she was cast as the matronly Virginia de la Mora in Netflix's "The House of Flowers", a Mexican comedy-drama series. It premiered on Netflix in August 2018.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Amanda Ribas (born August 26, 1993) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist. She currently competes in the Strawweight division in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of August 15, 2022, she is #9 in the UFC women's strawweight rankings, and as of November 21, 2022, she is #15 in the UFC women's flyweight rankings.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: The Varginha native is the daughter of Marcelo Ribas, a judo and Jiu-jitsu coach who also teaches Muay Thai. She trained under her father until she was part of one of the national judo youth teams in Brazil. She stopped training and competing for some years after suffering knee injuries. She started to train and compete again after seeing some of her colleagues training for an MMA tournament.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: After winning 2014 IMMAF World Championship in the Women's Flyweight division, Ribas started her professional MMA career in 2014 and fought primarily in Brazil. She amassed a record of 6–1 prior to being signed by UFC.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was scheduled to face Juliana Lima at on July 7, 2017. However, Ribas was flagged by USADA for a potential anti-doping violation and removed from the bout. The possible violation stems from a sample collected June 7. She was replaced by Tecia Torres. She initially received a two-year sanction by USADA after testing positive for Ostarine, but the suspension was terminated on May 3, 2019 as USADA determined that the positive test was the result of an ostarine contaminated dietary supplement.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: In her UFC debut, Ribas faced Emily Whitmire on June 29, 2019 at UFC on ESPN 3. She won the fight via a rear-naked choke submission in the second round.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was scheduled to face Paige VanZant on March 14, 2020 at . However, VanZant was forced to pull out of the fight due to fracturing her right arm, and she was replaced by Randa Markos. She won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: The bout with VanZant was rescheduled and eventually took place at UFC 251 on July 12, 2020. Ribas won the fight via a submission in round one.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was expected to face Carla Esparza on December 12, 2020 at UFC 256. However, on October 9, it was announced that Esparza was pulled due to undisclosed reasons. Instead, Ribas was scheduled to face Michelle Waterson on January 24, 2021 at UFC 257. However, it was reported on December 8, 2020 that Waterson was forced out of the event, and she was replaced by Marina Rodriguez. Ribas lost the fight via technical knockout in round two.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was scheduled to meet Angela Hill on May 8, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 24. However, the day of the event Ribas was removed from the bout due to COVID-19 protocols and the bout was cancelled. The bout was rescheduled for UFC Fight Night 189 on June 5, 2021. Two weeks later, the pairing was scrapped once again as Ribas was still suffering from lingering COVID-19 symptoms.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was again scheduled to face Michelle Waterson on March 26, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 205. However, the bout was postponed to UFC 274 on May 7, 2022 due to Waterson sustaining an undisclosed injury before she ultimately was ruled out of the bout in mid-March.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas faced Katlyn Chookagian on May 14, 2022 at UFC on ESPN 36. She lost the close bout via split decision. The bout earned Ribas her first "Fight of the Night" bonus award.


title: Amanda Ribas

text: Ribas was scheduled to face Tracy Cortez on December 3, 2022 at UFC on ESPN 42. However, shortly after the official weigh-ins, the promotion announced Cortez was pulled from the bout due to an unspecified medical issue and the bout was cancelled.


title: Dan Murphy's

text: Dan Murphy's is an Australian liquor store owned by Endeavour Group, with over 250 stores across the country. Endeavour Group also owns BWS and more than 300 licensed venues. Dan Murphy's competes principally with Coles Group brands First Choice Liquor, Vintage Cellars and Liquorland. The business offers a "lowest liquor price guarantee" and promises to beat any competitor's advertised price. The business was founded in 1952 by winemaker Daniel Francis Murphy.


title: Dan Murphy's

text: Daniel Francis Murphy, a winemaker, journalist and founder of the first wine club in Australia, learned the trade working in a liquor store owned by his father Timothy Murphy. Following a brief active stint in the RAAF, serving as a Flight Sergeant, Dan Murphy opened his first liquor store in 1952. Located on Prahran's Chapel Street, it was just a few hundred metres away from his father's store. Murphy was heavily involved in the Australian wine industry, and he was a friend to influential winemakers, including Maurice O'Shea and Max Schubert.


title: Dan Murphy's

text: After growing his business to five stores across Victoria, Murphy sold his business to Woolworths in 1998. The business has since contributed to the formation of an oligopoly in the Australian liquor market, with concerns about the ability of smaller liquor retailers to compete.