title: Magma (band)

text: In 1978, Magma released the album "Attahk". Vying for more commercial success, the album included elements of soul, rhythm & blues, and funk music.


title: Magma (band)

text: Celebrating 10 years as a band, in 1980, Magma performed three nights at L'Olympia in Paris, with guest appearances from many of the group's past musicians. These were recorded and released as "Retrospektïẁ (Parts I+II)" and "Retrospektïẁ (Part III)". The concerts were successful, and allowed Magma to play a number of shows around France, including a three-week residency at Paris's Bobino in 1981, which was recorded and filmed, and later released as "Concert Bobino 1981".


title: Magma (band)

text: In 1984, the band recorded the album "Merci", and disbanded shortly afterwards. Christian Vander formed other projects such as Offering, and various jazz projects including the Christian Vander Trio.


title: Magma (band)

text: While performing as Offering, Vander would occasionally perform Magma songs. In 1989, professional snooker champion Steve Davis convinced Vander to perform a reunion tour (at least six shows) which led Vander to consider reuniting Magma.


title: Magma (band)

text: After the dissolution of Offering, this was fully realised in 1996 after friend Bernard Ivan asked Vander if he was considering reviving Magma, as he was confident he could get Vander concert dates. Vander agreed, but confessed that he didn't think there would be any remaining interest in the band. Ivan came back to Vander to tell him he fully booked a number of gigs for Magma and Vander, surprised, quickly cobbled a lineup from Offering and friends in the music scene to create a new 14-piece Magma.


title: Magma (band)

text: Vander decided to revive some sections of tracks he had written back in 1972-1973 while working on "Köhntarkösz" on this new tour. Eventually, these merged into one big composition "K.A (Köhntarkösz Anteria)", which released in 2004 to acclaim and surprise at their comeback. "K.A" is conceptually the prequel to "Köhntarkösz", which was then followed up by a sequel "Ëmëhntëhtt-Ré" in 2009, ending a narrative trilogy between the three albums.


title: Magma (band)

text: Magma announced that they would officially release their new album "Kartëhl" on 30 September. The album is a collective work of the band members. The copyright proceeds of the track "Dëhndë" will be donated to a charity for people with autism.


title: Magma (band)

text: Kobaïan is a lyrical language created by French drummer and composer Christian Vander for his progressive rock band Magma. It is the language of Kobaïa, a fictional planet invented by Vander and the setting for a musical "space opera" sung in Kobaïan by Magma on fifteen concept albums.


title: Magma (band)

text: French drummer and composer Christian Vander formed Magma in late 1969 in an attempt to fill the void left by the death of American jazz musician and composer John Coltrane. Magma's first album, "Magma" (later reissued as "Kobaïa"), told a story of refugees fleeing a future Earth and settling on a fictional planet called Kobaïa. The lyrics were all in Kobaïan (except the title track, sung mostly in English), a language Vander constructed for the album, some sung by soloists and others by "massive quasi-operatic choruses". Over the next three decades Magma made a further thirteen albums that continued the mythology of Kobaïa, all sung in Kobaïan.


title: Magma (band)

text: Vander (his Kobaïan name is Zëbëhn Straïn dë Ğeuštaah) said in an interview that he invented Kobaïan for Magma because "French just wasn't expressive enough. Either for the story or for the sound of the music". He said that the language developed in parallel with the music, that sounds appeared as he was composing on a piano. Vander based Kobaïan in part on elements of Slavic and Germanic languages and in part on the scat-yodeling vocal style of American avant garde jazz singer Leon Thomas. The subsequent expansion of the language became a group effort, and as Magma's personnel changed, so new ideas were incorporated into the language (and the music).


title: Magma (band)

text: British music critic Ian MacDonald said that Kobaïan is "phonetic, not semantic", and that it is based on "sonorities, not on applied meanings". One of Magma's singers, Klaus Blasquiz, described Kobaïan as "a language of the heart" whose words are "inseparable from the music". Magma expert Michael Draine said "the abstraction provided by the Kobaïan verse seems to inspire Magma's singers to heights of emotional abandon rarely permitted by conventional lyrics".


title: Magma (band)

text: The Kobaïan lyrics on Magma's albums were generally not translated (though both Kobaïan lyrics and an English translation were provided for the first UK release on A&M of "Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh"), but clues to the unfolding story of Kobaïa were given in French in the albums' liner notes. While the original intent of the language was to avoid over-scrutiny, unofficial Kobaïan online lexicons were created by Magma fans, and Vander himself has since translated many of the words.


title: Magma (band)

text: Christian Vander called Magma's music "Zeuhl" (Kobaïan for "celestial"), and it influenced a number of other (mostly French) bands, including Zao (France), Art Zoyd (France) and Univers Zero (Belgium). Zeuhl later became a music genre which was used to describe music similar to that of Magma. Several Japanese Zeuhl bands also sprang up, including Ruins and Kōenji Hyakkei, whose lyrics are also sung in a constructed language similar to Kobaïan.


title: Magma (band)

text: Christian Vander has described the style of progressive rock that he developed with Magma in France from 1969 onwards as "zeuhl". Dominique Leone, writing for "Pitchfork", says the style is "about what you'd expect an alien rock opera to sound like: massed, chanted choral motifs, martial, repetitive percussion, sudden bursts of explosive improv and just as unexpected lapses into eerie, minimalist trance-rock." The term comes from Kobaïan, the fictional language created by Vander for Magma. He has said that it means "celestial"; that "Zeuhl music means 'vibratory music'" and that zeuhl is ""L'esprit au travers de la matière". That is Zeuhl. Zeuhl is also the sound which you can feel vibrating in your belly. Pronounce the word Zeuhl very slowly, and stress the letter 'z' at the beginning, and you will feel your body vibrating."


title: Magma (band)

text: Originally applied solely to the music of Magma, the term "zeuhl" was eventually used to describe the similar music produced by French bands beginning in the 1970s. In addition to Magma, bands who are associated with the term include: Happy Family, Kōenji Hyakkei, and Ruins from Japan, and French band Zao.


title: Magma (band)

text: The band is widely considered to be musically adventurous and imaginative among music critics. Magma uses choirs extensively in a way reminiscent of the composer Carl Orff. Magma's music is also highly influenced by jazz saxophone player John Coltrane, and Vander has said that "it is still Coltrane who actually gives me the real material to work on, to be able to move on".


title: Magma (band)

text: Many of the musicians who have played with Magma have also formed solo projects or spinoff acts. The Kobaïan term Zeuhl has come to refer to the musical style of these bands and the French jazz fusion/symphonic rock scene that grew around them. Besides Christian Vander, other well-known Magma alumni include the violinist Didier Lockwood, bassist-composer Jannick "Janik" Top, and spinoff act Weidorje.


title: Magma (band)

text: The band has a number of high-profile fans. Punk rock singer Johnny Rotten, metal musician Kristoffer Rygg, Steven Wilson of Porcupine Tree, Mikael Åkerfeldt of Opeth, Cattle Decapitation vocalist Travis Ryan, magician Penn Jillette, and Chilean filmmaker Alejandro Jodorowsky have all stated their admiration of the band.


title: Magma (band)

text: In the 1980s, British World champion snooker player Steve Davis declared himself a passionate follower of the band since his youth and used some of his winnings to promote a series of concerts by Magma in London.


title: Magma (band)

text: In 2017, documentary filmmaker Laurent Goldstein directed "To Life, Death and Beyond – The Music of Magma". Interviewees include Christian Vander, Stella Vander, James MacGaw, Trey Gunn, Robert Trujillo, and Jello Biafra.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: RÉSO, commonly referred to as the Underground City (), is the name applied to a series of interconnected office towers, hotels, shopping centres, residential and commercial complexes, convention halls, universities and performing arts venues that form the heart of Montreal's central business district, colloquially referred to as Downtown Montreal. The name refers to the underground connections between the buildings that compose the network, in addition to the network's complete integration with the city's entirely underground rapid transit system, the Montreal Metro. Moreover, the first iteration of the Underground City was developed out of the open pit at the southern entrance to the Mount Royal Tunnel, where Place Ville Marie and Central Station stand today.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Though most of the connecting tunnels pass underground, many of the key passageways and principal access points are located at ground level, and there is also one skybridge (between Lucien-L'Allier Metro station and Gare Lucien L'Allier). In this regard, the Underground City is more of an indoor city (ville intérieure) than a truly subterranean city, although there are vast commercial sectors located entirely underground.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The network is particularly useful during Montreal's long winters, during which time well over half a million people are estimated to use it every day. The network is largely climate controlled and well-lit, and is arranged in a U-shape with two principal north–south axes connected by an east–west axis. Combined, there are of tunnels over of the most densely populated part of Montreal. In total, there are more than 120 exterior access points to the network, not including the sixty or so Metro station entrances located outside the official limits of the RÉSO, some of which have their own smaller tunnel networks. Some of the city's larger institutions, namely McGill University, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Concordia University and the Université de Montréal, also have campus tunnel networks separate from the Underground City.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: In 2004, the downtown network of the underground city was re-branded and given the name RÉSO, which is a homophone of the French word "réseau", or network. The "O" at the end of the word is the logo of the Montreal Metro. Schematic maps bearing the RÉSO logo are found throughout the network. The largest and best-known segment is located in the centre of downtown, delimited by the Peel and Place-des-Arts Metro stations on the Green Line and the Lucien-L'Allier and Place-d'Armes stations on the Orange Line.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The underground city is promoted as an important tourist attraction by most Montreal travel guidebooks, and as an urban planning achievement it is impressive. For most Montrealers, however, it tends to be considered more as a large mall complex linking Metro stations—they may not even know they are in it. Many Canadian cities have some kind of tunnel or skywalk system downtown to help people avoid the weather. Most parts of the Montreal underground city are open while the Metro is in operation (5:30 AM to 1:00 AM), though some are closed outside of business hours. Maps of the underground city and the Metro can be obtained free of charge from all Metro stations, and the network of buildings is indicated on most maps of the downtown core.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Nearly 500,000 people use it per day. It is also the largest underground complex in the world. It stretches for 32 kilometers (20 miles) and covers 4 million square meters (one and a half square miles). According to official statistics, its corridors link up with 10 metro stations, 2 bus terminals, 1,200 offices, about 2,000 stores including 2 major department stores, approximately 1,600 housing units, 200 restaurants, 40 banks, movie theatres providing 40 screens and other entertainment venues, 7 major hotels, 4 universities, Place des Arts, a cathedral, the Bell Centre (home of the Montreal Canadiens), and 3 exhibition halls: the Place Bonaventure, the Convention Centre (Palais des Congrès de Montréal) and the Olympic Centre.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The vision for the underground city was originally that of urbanist Vincent Ponte, for whom a commemorative plaque was unveiled in November 2006 at Place Ville Marie. The first link of the underground city arose with the construction of the Place Ville Marie office tower and underground shopping mall, opened in 1962 and built to cover an unsightly pit of railway tracks north of the Central Station. Two tunnels linked it to Central Station and the Queen Elizabeth Hotel.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The advent of the Montreal Metro in 1966, in time for Expo 67, brought tunnels joining Bonaventure station to the Château Champlain hotel, the Place du Canada office tower, Place Bonaventure, Central Station, and Windsor Station, forming the core of the Underground City. Square-Victoria-OACI station connected to the Tour de la Bourse, Montreal's stock exchange building.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Adding to the development of the underground city was the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission's policy of offering the aerial rights above Metro station entrances for construction through emphyteutic leases, an advantageous way to acquire prime real estate. When the Metro began running in 1966, ten buildings were already connected directly to Metro stations; development would continue until only three free-standing station entrances (Square-Victoria-OACI, St-Laurent and Place-des-Arts) remained in the central segment.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: In 1974, the Complexe Desjardins office tower complex was constructed, spurring the construction of a "second downtown" underground city segment between Place-des-Arts and Place-d'Armes station, via Place des Arts, Complexe Desjardins, the Complexe Guy Favreau federal government building, and the Palais des Congrès (convention centre).


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Between 1984 and 1992, the underground city expanded, with the construction of three major linked shopping centres in the Peel and McGill Metro station areas: Cours Mont-Royal, Place Montréal-Trust, and the Promenades Cathédrale (built underneath Christ Church Cathedral). McGill station was already linked with The Bay, Eaton's (now the Complexe Les Ailes), Centre Eaton, and two other office/mall complexes. Between 1984 and 1989, the underground city grew from of passages to almost .


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Mega-projects added to the size of the network throughout the 1990s, including Le 1000 De La Gauchetière (the tallest building in Montreal), Le 1250 René-Lévesque, and the Montreal World Trade Centre. Although these buildings have only a secondary commercial sector, they use their connection to the underground city as a selling point for their office space. Also, the construction of a tunnel between Eaton Centre and Place Ville-Marie consolidated the two central halves of the underground city. The construction of the Bell (originally Molson) Centre connected Lucien-L'Allier Metro station to the underground city, as well as replacing Windsor Station with the new Gare Lucien-L'Allier commuter train station.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Most recently, in 2003, the complete redevelopment of the Quartier international de Montréal consolidated several segments of the central underground city with continuous pedestrian corridors. The construction of the ICAO headquarters joined Place Bonaventure to Square-Victoria-OACI station, which in turn was joined to the Palais des Congrès and Place-d'Armes station via the new Caisse de dépôt et de placement building and a tunnel under Place Jean-Paul Riopelle. Uniquely, the new tunnel sections in the Quartier International contain educational and artistic displays sponsored by major Montreal museums. As a result of this construction, one can now walk all the way across the centre of downtown, from the UQAM Sherbrooke Pavilion at the corner of Sainte Famille Street and Sherbrooke Street to the Lucien-L'Allier Metro station just south-west of the Bell Centre, without going outside—a span of as the crow flies, or approximately walking distance.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: On Friday, August 24, 2007, construction crews discovered a seven-meter (23 foot) long fissure in the ceiling of an underground corridor linking the McGill station to The Bay store located under de Maisonneuve Boulevard, between Aylmer Street and Union Avenue. The station, the Underground City shops, and above ground streets and buildings were closed to assess whether there was any risk of collapse of the structure. Service on the Métro Green Line was halted between Berri-UQAM and Lionel-Groulx stations until Sunday evening. According to a spokesperson for the Hudson's Bay Company, city workers may have caused the damage by hitting a nearby pillar.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: During the weekend, city workcrews worked non-stop to shore up the sagging slab of concrete, installing more than 1,000 temporary metal supports.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: On Monday, August 27, 2007, service was restored to the Green Line, and all streets but the block of de Maisonneuve boulevard between Union and Aylmer were reopened to traffic. The one block that was not open to traffic was open to pedestrians. All buildings reopened, including The Bay. Officials said that it would take months to fix the problem. While inspecting the site, it was discovered that 2021 Union, the Parkade Montreal building, was in danger of having concrete side panels fall off. City engineers performed emergency repairs. A report later blamed the construction of a bike path for the damage. Street traffic on De Maisonneuve resumed in March 2008.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The central segment interconnects the following seven Metro stations via indoor walkway. As the Berri-UQAM station, which allows transfers between the Green, Orange and Yellow lines, is two Metro stops from the closest station in this segment, in many cases it is quicker to walk than to take the Metro. The lists of connected facilities which follow are grouped by segment and nearest Metro station.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: The hub of the Metro network located two Metro stations east of Place-des-Arts at the eastern edge of downtown is the transfer point for changing between the Green, Orange and Yellow lines.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Located one Metro station west of Peel, this station is at the center of the Sir George Williams campus of Concordia University.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: One Metro station west of Guy-Concordia, this station is at the western edge of downtown and just inside the territory of Westmount.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Situated on the Blue line in between Côte-des-Neiges and Édouard-Montpetit stations, this station serves as the main campus of the university on the northwest slope of Mount-Royal.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Situated two Metro stations south of Berri-UQAM, this station is a major hub for bus transportation on the south shore.


title: Underground City, Montreal

text: Every February, Art Souterrain presents a journey through the central segment of the Underground City during the Montreal Highlights Festival, showing contemporary artistic projects.


title: Safe mode

text: Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS). It can also refer to a mode of operation by application software. "Safe mode" is intended to help fix most, if not all, problems within an operating system. It is also widely used for removing rogue security software.


title: Safe mode

text: Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android and Linux distributions such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint are examples of contemporary operating systems that implement a safe mode (called "Safe Boot" in macOS) as well as other complex electronic devices.


title: Safe mode

text: In safe mode, an operating system has reduced functionality, but the task of isolating problems is easier since many non-core components are disabled, such as sound. An installation that will only boot into safe mode typically has a major problem, such as disk corruption or the installation of poorly-configured software that prevents the operating system from successfully booting into its normal operating mode.


title: Safe mode

text: Though it varies by operating system, safe mode typically loads only essential executable modules and disables devices except for those necessary to display information and accept input. It can also take the form of a parallel "miniature" operating system that has no configuration information shared with the normal operating system. For example, on Microsoft Windows, the user can also choose to boot to the Recovery Console, a small text-based troubleshooting mode kept separate from the main operating system (which can also be accessed by booting the install CD) or to various "safe mode" options that run the dysfunctional OS but with features, such as video drivers, audio, and networking, disabled.


title: Safe mode

text: Safe mode typically provides access to utility and diagnostic programs so a user can troubleshoot what is preventing the operating system from working normally. Safe mode is intended for maintenance, not functionality, and it provides minimal access to features.


title: Safe mode

text: Microsoft Windows' safe mode (for 7/Vista /XP /2000/ME/98/95) is accessed by pressing the F8 key as the operating system boots. Also, in a multi-boot environment with multiple versions of Windows installed side by side, the F8 key can be pressed at the OS selector prompt to get to safe mode. However, under Windows 8 (released in 2012), the traditional press-F8-for-safe-mode-options UI convention no longer works, and either Shift-F8 or a special GUI-based workaround is necessary.


title: Safe mode

text: An equivalently minimal setting in Unix-like operating systems is single-user mode, in which daemons and the X Window System are not started, and only the root user can log in. It can do emergency repairs or maintenance, including resetting users' passwords on the machine without the need to know the old one.


title: Safe mode

text: In macOS holding the shift key after powering up activates Safe Boot that has background maintenance features (Besides the mode selection, it runs a file system repair, and in Mac OS 10.4, it disables all fonts other than those in /System/Library/Fonts, moves to the Trash all font caches normally stored in /Library/Caches/com.apple.ATS/(uid)/, where (uid) is a user ID number such as 501, and disables all startup items and any Login Items). Unlike in Windows where safe mode with networking is disabled by default and requires using a safe mode with networking enabled, in the macOS Safe Boot always includes networking.


title: Safe mode

text: On the Classic Mac OS versions 6, 7, 8, and 9, a similar mode to the Unix root is achieved by holding down the shift key while booting, which starts the system without extensions.


title: Safe mode

text: The way that safe mode in Android can be activated differs per vendor. Safe mode can be disabled by rebooting the device.


title: Safe mode

text: Application software sometimes offers a safe mode as well. In the PHP interpreter, prior to version 5.4, safe mode offers stricter security measures.


title: Safe mode

text: The Glasgow Haskell Compiler from version 7.2 offers "Safe Haskell" mode, restricting usage of functions such as codice_1. Mozilla Firefox's safe mode allows the user to remove extensions which may be preventing the browser from loading. Internet Explorer can run in "No Add-Ons" mode and Protected Mode. Cydia's MobileSubstrate also has a safe mode that allows the user to uninstall tweaks and extensions that may crash the SpringBoard.


title: Colored fire

text: Colored fire is a common pyrotechnic effect used in stage productions, fireworks and by fire performers the world over. Generally, the color of a flame may be red, orange, blue, yellow, or white, and is dominated by blackbody radiation from soot and steam. When additional chemicals are added to the fuel burning, their atomic emission spectra can affect the frequencies of visible light radiation emitted - in other words, the flame appears in a different color dependent upon the chemical additives. Flame coloring is also a good way to demonstrate how fire changes when subjected to heat and how they also change the matter around them.


title: Colored fire

text: To color their flames, pyrotechnicians will generally use metal salts. Specific combinations of fuels and co-solvents are required in order to dissolve the necessary chemicals. Color enhancers (usually chlorine donors) are frequently added too, the most common of which is polyvinyl chloride. A practical use of colored fire is the flame test, where metal cations are tested by placing the sample in a flame and analyzing the color produced.


title: Colored fire

text: Emitted colors depend on the electronic configuration of the elements involved. Heat energy from the flame excites electrons to a higher quantum level, and the atoms emit characteristic colors (photons with energies corresponding to the visible spectrum) as they return to lower energy levels


title: Colored fire

text: Flame colorants are becoming popular while camping. Scouts and other outdoor enthusiasts have placed sections of copper pipe with holes drilled throughout and stuffed with garden hose onto campfires to create a variety of flame colors. An easier method of coloring campfires has been fueled by commercial products. These packages of flame colorants are tossed onto a campfire or into a fireplace to produce effects.


title: Colored fire

text: Although these chemicals are very effective at imparting their color into an already existing flame, these substances are not flammable alone. To produce a powder or solid that, when lit, produces a colored flame, the necessary steps are more complex. To get a powder to burn satisfactorily, both a fuel and oxidizer will mostly be needed. Common oxidizers include.


title: Colored fire

text: Many of these oxidizers also produce a colored flame by themselves. Some of them - as well as the main colorants - are severely toxic and therefore environmentally damaging.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: Done with Mirrors is the eighth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on November 4, 1985. It marked the return to the band of guitarists Joe Perry, who left in 1979 and Brad Whitford, who departed in 1981. The band's first album on Geffen Records, it was intended as their ‘comeback’. However, the record didn’t live up to commercial expectations despite positive reviews.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: "Let the Music Do the Talking" was a rerecording of the title track from first album by the Joe Perry Project, with altered lyrics and melody.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: Brad Whitford revealed that producer Ted Templeman wanted to capture the band's aggressive, "out of control freight train" sound by removing the red light indicating that recording was underway (a technique he had used to capture Van Halen's sound). Templeman told the band to run through the songs in the studio and recorded them without their knowledge. Whitford referred to the nerves generated when knowingly recording songs as "the red light blues".


title: Done with Mirrors

text: "I had a great time making that record," Templeman told "The Washington Post"'s Geoff Edgers” and Steven was one of the most amazing guys. But we had to do that record in Berkeley because they didn’t want those guys to score (drugs). They didn’t want them to be in L.A. or San Francisco. I wasn’t familiar with the board. As a producer, if you know your room and the mic preamps, you know how things are going to sound. I don’t think I made Joey’s drums sound as good as they could have or Joe’s guitar."


title: Done with Mirrors

text: On VH1 Classic's "That Metal Show", Joey Kramer expressed his dislike of "Done with Mirrors", claiming the band "never really finished it".


title: Done with Mirrors

text: Joe Perry was similarly dismissive: ""Done with Mirrors", as far as I'm concerned, is our least inspired record. But I've heard fans really like it so I'm not gonna stand there and tell 'em, 'No, it sucks.' We had to do that record to get to the next one so it served its purpose. I just don't think it's up to the standard of some of our others."


title: Done with Mirrors

text: Viacom (MTV & VH1) executive Doug Herzog recalled that, after this album, "Aerosmith was done… They were a little bit of a joke." However, they would revive their career in 1986 with a landmark remake of 1975's "Walk This Way" with hip-hop group Run DMC, followed by an album that would eventually go 5× Platinum – "Permanent Vacation" – in 1987.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: Despite the band's views, this album earned mostly positive reviews and is a cult favorite among fans.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: To date, "Done with Mirrors" is the last Aerosmith record written without the aid of outside songwriters.


title: Done with Mirrors

text: In keeping with the title, all the text (bar the catalog number and UPC) on the original releases were written back-to-front – to be read by holding it to a mirror. Rereleases flip the artwork so it can be read without a mirror, and add the band's logo. As a result, the original CD (which came in a longbox) is collectable. (All text in the booklet of the first CD pressing is also back-to-front.)


title: Done with Mirrors

text: The title refers both to illusions that are "done with mirrors", and the laying out of drugs such as cocaine, traditionally snorted off a mirror.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Dean Muhtadi (; born July 17, 1986) is an American professional wrestler, actor, and former American professional football player. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed under the ring name Mojo Rawley. During his tenure with WWE, he was a seven-time WWE 24/7 Champion and the winner of the 2017 edition of the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Dean Muhtadi was born on July 17, 1986 in Alexandria, Virginia, the son of T.J. Muhtadi and Maria Muhtadi-Roach. Muhtadi's father is Palestinian and his mother is half-Syrian, and he has extended family through his father's side in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and throughout the Middle East.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: While in the seventh grade, Muhtadi began working for the financial services firm Morgan Stanley as an intern. After graduating from high school, Muhtadi continued to work for Morgan Stanley.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: At the T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia, Muhtadi was a four-year starter along the defensive and offensive lines. He also was the team's punter during his last two years. He finished second in the Patriot District in sacks in 2004, and broke the school's all-time punting record with a long of 76 yards against West Springfield High School.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Throughout his high school playing career, Muhtadi started games at defensive tackle, end, nose guard, and outside linebacker on defense, and at offensive tackle, guard, center, and tight end on offense. He was also the team's punter and kicker. Often his position changed every week to shadow the opposing team's best player. Muhtadi was an All-District choice at both defensive line and punter, as well as the team MVP.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: In 2004 and 2005, Muhtadi played college football for Division III Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia. After redshirting his freshman season due to mononucleosis, Muhtadi started at defensive tackle for the Captains his sophomore year. He then transferred to the University of Maryland in the Atlantic Coast Conference where he earned a scholarship, and a starting position. In 2008, Muhtadi finished third in sacks for the Terrapins. He was also only the second player in the past 15 years to play all defensive line positions in a game for the Terrapins.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: At Christopher Newport, Muhtadi was awarded a full academic scholarship. While also being named the top student-athlete on the team, Muhtadi was a two-time All USA South Athletic Conference All-Academic Selection, a member of the President's Leadership Program, Honors Program, and Student Executive Board of the Business School. He also received the Edith McMurran Honors Scholarship for the student who best demonstrates the balance of leadership, public service, and academic excellence.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: In his three years at Maryland, Muhtadi was one of the top student-athletes in the Atlantic Coast Conference. In 2008, Muhtadi won the Jim and Pat Thacker Postgraduate Scholarship for being one of the top student-athletes in the ACC for all sports and all schools. In 2007 and 2008, Muhtadi also received the George Boutselis Memorial Award for being the letterman with the highest academic average on the football team. He also was named to the All-ACC Academic Team in 2008 and was a three-time Dean's List student. Muhtadi received his MBA from the Smith Business School MBA Program.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Muhtadi was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent following the 2009 NFL Draft on May 4, 2009. He earned his contract on a tryout basis by being one of three players signed out of 25 trying out for the team. Muhtadi was the only player on the depth chart listed at both Defensive End and Nose Guard. On September 3, 2009, in a preseason game against the Tennessee Titans, Muhtadi finished third on the team with 5 tackles, 1 for loss, and a forced fumble. Toward the end of the game, Muhtadi forced a fumble to save a touchdown. He was waived the next day.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Muhtadi was signed by the Arizona Cardinals on January 20, 2010 to play defensive line. Muhtadi became training partners with Darnell Dockett as the two competed against one another every day in workouts. He sustained a calf injury during training camp and placed on Injured Reserve before being released by the Cardinals.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Muhtadi spent 18 months rehabilitating from the injury he sustained with the Arizona Cardinals. During his recovery, he had received offers to return to the NFL and to work in financial services, but instead opted to become a professional wrestler with WWE by August 2012. He joined WWE's developmental territory WWE NXT and he adopted the ring name "Mojo Rawley".


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Rawley made his television debut on the May 29, 2013 episode of "NXT", competing in a battle royal that was won by Bo Dallas. On the October 9 episode of "NXT", Rawley adopted a high-energy character based on the concept of "staying hyped"; Rawley explained that if getting hyped allowed superhuman achievements, he would take it one level higher by staying hyped. Rawley defeated CJ Parker at NXT Arrival and then went on an unbeaten streak, defeating CJ Parker, Sylvester Lefort and Oliver Grey, among others. He also took part in a battle royal to determine the new number one contender where he made it to the final seven before being eliminated by Jason Jordan. On May 29, 2014 at NXT TakeOver event, Rusev beat down Rawley. Rawley then formed a team with Bull Dempsey, but they lost in the 1st round of the number one contenders tournament for the tag titles, causing Dempsey to turn on Rawley. The two faced off at with Rawley losing, he also lost a rematch a few weeks later. In October, Rawley suffered an shoulder injury that would take him out of action for four to six months.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: In June 2015, Zack Ryder debuted in NXT, and returning Rawley formed an alliance with him, dubbing themselves as The Hype Bros. On the June 10 episode of "NXT", The Hype Bros went on to defeat Elias Samson and Mike Rallis. On August 22 at , The Hype Bros teamed up with Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady to defeat Jason Jordan, Chad Gable and The Mechanics (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) in an 8-man tag team match. On the October 16 episode of "NXT", The Hype Bros competed in a match for the NXT Tag Team Championship in a losing effort. On the October 22 episode of "NXT", Rawley competed in a 26-man battle royal to determine the number one contender for the NXT Championship, he was unsuccessful, although he was among the last few competitors in the match. On the November 11 episode of "NXT", The Hype Bros teamed up with Bayley during an intergender tag team match against Blake and Murphy and Alexa Bliss, where they emerged victorious. On the February 10, 2016, episode of "NXT", The Hype Bros defeated Corey Hollis and John Skyler in a tag team match.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: On July 19, Rawley was called up to the main roster as a supplemental pick in the 2016 WWE draft, being selected in the 11th round by "SmackDown", the brand in which his partner Zack Ryder wrestled. He made his main roster debut at Battleground, helping Ryder against being assaulted post-match by Rusev. On the SummerSlam pre-show, The Hype Bros teamed with American Alpha (Jason Jordan and Chad Gable) and The Usos (Jimmy and Jey Uso) to face The Vaudevillains (Aiden English and Simon Gotch), Breezango (Tyler Breeze and Fandango), and The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) in a 12-man tag team match, where The Hype Bros' team was victorious. On the August 30 episode of "SmackDown", they defeated The Vaudevillains to advance in the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship Tournament. The Hype Bros were later eliminated by Heath Slater and Rhyno in semifinals. The Hype Bros would later get a second chance to face Heath Slater and Rhyno in the final at Backlash after American Alpha were injured by The Usos, in a losing effort. On the October 25 episode of "SmackDown", The Hype Bros defeated The Ascension to qualify as part of Team SmackDown for the 10–on–10 Survivor Series Tag Team Elimination match at Survivor Series. On the December 13 episode of "SmackDown", The Hype Bros won a multi-team battle royal for a chance to take on The Wyatt Family for the titles, but Ryder sustained a knee injury, cancelling their #1 contender status.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: After Ryder's injury was determined, the following week on "SmackDown", Rawley defeated Curt Hawkins. On the January 24, 2017 episode of "SmackDown", Rawley won a battle royal to earn a spot in the 2017 Royal Rumble match. At the event, Rawley entered at number four and was eliminated by Braun Strowman. He then defeated Hawkins on the Elimination Chamber pre-show the following month. Rawley's biggest career win would come on the WrestleMania 33 kickoff show when with the help of then NFL's Rob Gronkowski, he won the fourth annual André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal with the last elimination of Jinder Mahal.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: After six months of inactivity, Ryder returned on the June 13 episode of "SmackDown", reuniting with Rawley. On June 18, at the Money in the Bank pre-show, The Hype Bros faced The Colóns (Primo and Epico Colón) in a winning effort. Two days later on "SmackDown," Shane McMahon announced that The Hype Bros would have an opportunity to become number one contenders for the SmackDown Tag Team championship at the June 27 episode of "SmackDown" in a match against tag team champions The Usos, in which they were defeated.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: After several weeks of losing matches causing dissension between the team, both Rawley and Ryder began to claim that a change was needed. On the November 28 episode of "SmackDown Live", after losing to The Bludgeon Brothers (Harper and Rowan), Rawley attacked Ryder, turning heel for the first time in his career. Rawley appeared on the December 5 episode of "SmackDown Live", claiming Ryder was dead weight. Rawley and Ryder had a match scheduled at Clash of Champions, which Rawley won.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Rawley then competed in a United States Championship tournament, where he defeated Zack Ryder in the first round, but lost to Bobby Roode in the semi-finals. At Royal Rumble on January 28, 2018, Rawley answered Bobby Roode's open challenge for the United States Championship, but was unsuccessful in winning the title. As part of the Superstar Shake-up, Rawley was drafted to Raw brand. On April 27, Rawley participated in the Greatest Royal Rumble, entering at number 29, but was eliminated by Randy Orton. On the June 18 episode of "Raw", after defeating No Way Jose, Rawley claimed that he was no longer hyped and simply focused. Over the following weeks on "Raw", Rawley defeated No Way Jose, and Tyler Breeze several times. Following a brief feud with Bobby Roode, Rawley found himself off Raw for an extended amount of time. On the January 28, 2019 episode of Raw, Rawley began to appear in pre-recorded segments talking to an off-screen person, blaming them for his lack of success, before being revealed that he was talking to a mirror. On the May 13 episode of "Raw", he debuted with a new look, quickly defeating Apollo Crews. However, the gimmick was quietly dropped.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: On December 31, Rawley won the WWE 24/7 Championship from R-Truth, his first championship in WWE; however, he would lose it back to Truth moments later. Rawley won the title again on the January 13, 2020 episode of "Raw", pinning R-Truth on the entrance ramp. During three house shows from January 17 to 19, Rawley lost the title to Truth, but quickly regained it moments later. On the January 27 episode of "Raw", Rawley lost the title to Truth, but he would quickly regain it back by pinning Truth, who was distracted by Rawley's new bodyguard Riddick Moss whom Rawley dubbed his 'offensive lineman', becoming a six-time champion. On the February 10 episode of "Raw", Rawley lost the title to Moss after Moss turned on him during a tag team match, ending their alliance.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: On the March 13 episode of "SmackDown", as a face with his old "Hype" gimmick, Rawley was moved to the SmackDown brand and announced that Rob Gronkowski would be appearing on "SmackDown" the next week. This move has been seen by critics as a lifeline to Rawley's stagnant career as Gronkowski is more widely known to the general public and is one football's most popular stars before joining WWE. At WrestleMania 36, with no crowd in attendance, Rawley won the 24/7 championship from R-Truth on the first day of the two-day event, marking his 7th title win. The following day, Gronkowski pinned Rawley to win the title. On the June 5 episode of "SmackDown", Rawley reverted to being a heel by mocking Shorty G and later joining Shinsuke Nakamura and Cesaro in attacking him. Two weeks later on the June 19 episode of "SmackDown", Rawley was defeated by Shorty G in what would be his final WWE match. On April 15, 2021, after ten months of inactivity, Rawley was released from his WWE contract.


title: Mojo Rawley

text: Rawley made his video game debut as a playable character in "WWE 2K17" (as a downloadable character), and has since appeared in "WWE 2K18", "WWE 2K19", and "WWE 2K20". Following his WWE release, Muhtadi appeared in the G.I. Joe prequel film, "Snake Eyes". Rawley is currently a co-host on TMZ Sports which airs daily on Fox Sports FS1. Additionally, Mojo stars on the "God Bless Football" podcast with his partners Chris Gronkowski, K-Funk, Joba Chamberlain, Billy Gil, and Stugotz


title: Mojo Rawley

text: On February 12, 2022, Muhtadi got engaged to Gracie Tracy. In January 2022, Muhtadi revealed he had COVID-19 in 2020 and defined it as a near-fatal experience.


title: Shades of azure

text: On the , "azure" (hexadecimal #0080FF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light. The complementary color of azure is orange.


title: Shades of azure

text: In a color proximity sense, a primary color has a color range of 120° (60° on each side of the color's hue) and any color has to be within that range to be considered a variation of that color. Secondary colors have a color range of 60° (30°), tertiary colors have a color range of 30° (15°), quaternary colors have a color range of 15° (7.5°), quinary colors have a color range of 7.5° (3.75°), and so on. Because azure is located at a hue angle of 210°, it has a tertiary color range of 195° and 225°, and any color out of this range is more related to cyan or blue than azure. If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, azure (subtractive primary) appears midway between blue and cyan, or violet and spring green:


title: Shades of azure

text: All of the colors shown below in the section "variations of azure" are referenced as having a hue code of between 195 and 225 (the hue code is the "h" code in the HSV color space), signifying that these colors are tones of azure. The only exception, as noted below, is the web color azure which, with a color code of 180, is actually a tone of cyan.


title: Shades of azure

text: Strictly speaking, according to the mathematical logic of the , indigo colors are those colors with hue codes of between 255 and 225, azure colors are those colors with hue codes of between 195 and 225, and cyan colors are those colors with hue codes of between 150 and 210.


title: Shades of azure

text: In the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan or whitish cyan rather than a shade of azure.


title: Shades of azure

text: In this section, the term shade is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with black or dark gray. The colors arranged in order of their value (brightness) (V in the HSV code), the brighter colors toward the top and the darker colors toward the bottom.


title: Shades of azure

text: The first recorded use of "sky blue" as a color name in English was in 1728 in the "Cyclopædia" of Ephraim Chambers. Prior to the Chambers reference, the color had first been used in 1585 in a book by Nicolas de Nicolay where he stated "the tulbant of the merchant must be "skie coloured"".


title: Shades of azure

text: The color "Capri" in general is named for the azure-cyan color of the Mediterranean Sea around the island of Capri off Italy, the site of several villas belonging to the Roman Emperor Tiberius, including his imperial residence in his later years, the "Villa Jovis". Specifically, the color Capri is named after the color of the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri as it appears on a bright sunny day. Today the island of Capri is a resort island popular with tourists.


title: Shades of azure

text: The name "deep sky blue" for this color did not come into use until the promulgation of the X11 color list in 1987.


title: Shades of azure

text: The word is probably derived from the Latin word "caeruleus", "dark blue, blue, or blue-green", which in turn probably derives from "caelulum", diminutive of "caelum", "heaven, sky".


title: Shades of azure

text: The color name "jordy blue" has been in use since 2001, when this color was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List.


title: Shades of azure

text: Columbia blue is a medium light tone of azure named after Columbia University. The typical Columbia blue is defined by Pantone Columbia Blue (PANTONE 290).


title: Shades of azure

text: The color name "picton blue" dates back to at least 2001, and came into wider use when the Resene Paints colors were used as one of the sources for the Xona Games Color List.


title: Shades of azure

text: "Bleu de France" is a color that has been associated in heraldry with the Kings of France since the 12th century.


title: Shades of azure

text: The university administration defines Brandeis blue as corresponding to the Pantone color of 294 or the process color of 100c 86m 14y w24k.


title: Shades of azure

text: The color true blue is a deep tone of azure that is the color of the uniforms of the sports teams of UCLA. It is also one of the shades of blue used by the Los Angeles Chargers though they use the name powder blue.


title: Shades of azure

text: The source of this color is the "Plochere Color System", a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.


title: Shades of azure

text: The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #15-3930 TPX—Vista Blue.


title: Shades of azure

text: The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #17-4030 TPX—Silver Lake Blue.


title: Shades of azure

text: Displayed at right is the color air force blue, also known as RAF blue. This is the tone of "air force blue" used by the Royal Air Force, the first air force to choose an "air force blue" color by which to identify itself, in 1920.


title: Shades of azure

text: The color "air force blue" is a medium tone of azure since it has a hue code of 204 which is a hue code between 195 and 225, signifying a tone of azure.


title: Shades of azure

text: Steel blue is a grayish tone of azure that resembles the color blue steel, i.e., steel which has been subjected to bluing in order to protect it from rust.


title: Shades of azure

text: According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first use of " French Blue" in English was in "The Times" of 1802.


title: Shades of azure

text: The web color light blue is part of the X11 color system, with a hue code of 194. This color is closer to cyan than to blue. Variations of this color are known as sky blue, baby blue, or angel blue.


title: Shades of azure

text: Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors. With a hue code of 199, this color is a tone of azure.


title: Shades of azure

text: The color defined as "blue" in the NCS or Natural Color System is an azure-like color shown at right (NCS 2060-B). The Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.


title: Shades of azure

text: The color defined as "blue" in the Munsell color system (Munsell 5B) is shown at right. The "Munsell color system" is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly (according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception) in three dimensions in the Munsell color solid, which is shaped like an elongated oval at an angle. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.


title: Shades of azure

text: Munsell can only be displayed approximately on a computer screen, as these spectral colors have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut. In the 21st century, this hue is classified as an intermediate between azure and cyan.


title: Shades of azure

text: Spanish blue is the color that is called "Azul" (the Spanish word for "blue") in the "Guía de coloraciones" ("Guide to colorations") by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm. It is a shade of azure.


title: Shades of azure

text: Berkeley Blue is one of the official colors of the University of California, Berkeley, along with California Gold. Until 2007, the university had used Yale Blue in its place, given Berkeley's historical ties to Yale University, particularly in its founding. Berkeley's school colors are the originators for those of all the campuses in the University of California system, of which Berkeley is the oldest as its flagship.


title: Shades of azure

text: Celtic blue is a shade of blue, also known as "glas celtig" in Welsh, or "gorm ceilteach" in both the Irish language and in Scottish Gaelic. Julius Caesar reported (in Commentarii de Bello Gallico) that the Britanni used to colour their bodies blue with vitrum, a word that means primarily "glass", but also the domestic name for the "woad" ("Isatis tinctoria"), besides the Gaulish loanword "glastum" (from Proto-Celtic *glastos "green"). The connection seems to be that both glass and the woad are "water-like" (lat. vitrum is from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- "water-like").


title: Shades of azure

text: Yale Blue is the dark azure color used in association with Yale University. The hue of Yale Blue is one of the two official colors of Indiana State University, the University of Mississippi, and Southern Methodist University. The official color "DCU Blue" of Dublin City University is very close to Yale Blue.


title: Shades of azure

text: Penn Blue is one of the official colors of the University of Pennsylvania, along with Penn Red. While the school colors were defined by 1910, university history points to earlier times when the colors may have been chosen, including a possible visit by George Washington to the University, where students used the color of his tunic to determine school colors or a track meet where Penn athletes declared that they would wear the colors "of the teams we beat," which would be those of both Harvard University and Yale University. Originally defined as the colors used on the American flag, the colors have since deviated.


title: Shades of azure

text: Sapphire is a deep shade of navy blue, based on the color of an average sapphire gemstone. However, sapphires can also be pink, yellow, or orange.


title: Shades of azure

text: Delft blue is a dark blue color. The name is derived from the Dutch pottery Delftware, also known simply as "Delft Blue".


title: Shades of azure

text: Resolution blue is a vivid blue color. This color name first came into use in 2001 when it was formulated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" (; RR: "ttuduttudu") is a song recorded in Korean and Japanese by South Korean girl group Blackpink. It was released on June 15, 2018, through YG Entertainment, in conjunction with the release of the group's first Korean-language extended play, "Square Up". The Japanese version of the single was released through YGEX on August 22, 2018, and was distributed in three physical formats. Described as a pop rap song infused with trap beats and bubblegum pop sounds, the track was written by YG collaborator Teddy Park, whilst production and composition were handled by Park, 24, Bekuh Boom and R.Tee.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was a commercial success in South Korea, peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart for three consecutive weeks, marking Blackpink's second number-one single in the country. The song also topped the national charts in Singapore and Malaysia, in addition to peaking atop the "Billboard" K-pop Hot 100 and World Digital Songs charts. The song was certified double platinum for streaming and platinum for digital sales by the Korea Music Content Association (KMCA), and was further certified gold in the United States and Japan and silver in the United Kingdom.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: Its accompanying music video was uploaded to the group's official YouTube channel on the same day and soon became the most viewed online video, and second most-watched music video of all time within 24 hours, at the time of its release. It has since become the first and fastest music video by a K-pop group to reach 1 billion views, and it is currently the most-viewed music video by a K-pop group on YouTube. It was named as the Song of the Year through the public survey conducted by Gallup Korea in 2018.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: On June 4, 2018, YG Entertainment confirmed via YG Life that Blackpink will release their debut Korean-language mini-album "Square Up" on June 15, with "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" serving as the title track. It marked the group's first original release in one year, since "As If It's Your Last" in June 2017. The name of the track attracted attention from fans due to the song's name being reminiscent of an onomatopoeia, and sparked curiosity regarding its genre and concept. Following a series of concept photos and teasers, Blackpink were reported saying, "as it is our debut mini-album and comeback after one year, we prepared each song with a lot of sincerity and affection." Additionally, member Jennie commented, "I am confident and I look forward to our comeback. I am happy to be able to express the musicality of Blackpink in various ways."


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was released via digital download and streaming on June 15, 2018, in conjunction with "Square Up". It was written and produced by Teddy Park and co-produced by Park, Bekuh Boom, 24 and R.Tee. On August 17, YGEX announced that a Japanese version of the track would be released as the group's debut single in Japan on August 22. It was subsequently distributed in three physical formats: a CD-only regular edition, limited edition CD+DVD, and CD edition featuring each member. The regular and limited editions includes all the tracks from "Square Up", in addition to the Japanese version of the single.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: The track has been described as a "fierce Pop-rap track overflowing with charisma" that "features a prominent trap beat" infused with bubblegum pop sounds. It combines instrumentations of oriental percussion rhythms and whistling on top of the bassline.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: In South Korea, "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" debuted at number three on the Gaon Digital Chart for the week of June 16. The following week, the song ascended to the number one position, making it Blackpink's second number-one single in the country. It broke the highest weekly points in the Gaon Digital Chart, previously held by labelmate Big Bang with the single "Flower Road". It remained atop the chart for three weeks and subsequently spent over 50 weeks in the top 100. It was then certified platinum for both download and streaming by the Korea Music Content Association (KMCA) for 100 million streams on November 8, 2018, and 2.5 million digital sales on April 11, 2019. The Japanese version of the single debuted at number 6 on the Japanese Oricon Daily Singles Chart and peaked at number 2 six days later, selling 3,725 units. On the chart's weekly counterpart, the song debuted at number 7 and sold 24,385 copies. The song was certified gold for 50 million streams by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) in July 2021.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: In the United States, "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" debuted and peaked at number 55 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 on June 30, 2018, simultaneously becoming the highest-charting song by a Korean girl group on the chart; breaking the record previously held by Wonder Girls' "Nobody" (2008). Within its first week, the song accumulated 12.4 million streams and sold more than 7,000 digital units in the country. According to Nielsen, the song received 113 million on-demand streams in 2018. On August 23, 2019, the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for track equivalent sales of 500,000 units, thus becoming the first Korean girl group and third Korean artist overall to receive the certification, after Psy and BTS. In Canada, "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" debuted at number 22 on the Canadian Hot 100 and remained on the chart for ten weeks. In Europe, the song peaked at number 32 on the Scottish Singles and Albums Charts and number 78 on the UK Singles Chart. The track reached 13.7 million streams in the UK as of April 2019, and 45.5 million streams as of September 2022, becoming the group's most-streamed song in the country. In June 2021, the song was awarded a silver certification in the country by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for track-equivalent sales of 200,000 units.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was met with mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Hwang Seon-up from Korean webzine "IZM" gave it a 3.5/5 rating, where he said the "ordinary trap beat" was unexpectedly met with the instrumentations of the synths, where it made "the sense of creating a climax with the drop of 'Ddu-Du Ddu-Du' ... outstanding." Writing for "The 405", Chase McMullen called the song boisterous and "beautifully ludicrous", and referred to the chorus as "essentially nonsense". He wrote that "what's being said [is] less important than how they say it, building strength on irresistible cadences, verses, whether sung or rapped, flowing seamlessly. Jeff Benjamin for "Paper" praised the song's musical production and ranked the track number 13 in their list of Top 20 K-Pop Songs of 2018, commenting that the song "struck the right balance between hard hip-hop, honeyed harmonies and hazy-EDM hubbub." Furthermore, Benjamin added that "from the opening shoutout of their group name, Blackpink delivers one of the year's strongest anthems."


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: Rhian Daly from "NME" ranked "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" the best song in the group's discography in May 2019, writing that the "it's a no-holds-barred, powerful anthem packed full of supreme self-confidence and swagger." In December 2019, Taylor Glasby of "British GQ" named the song the highlight of K-pop in 2018, in addition to being one of the game-changers from a decade of K-pop. Glasby wrote that the song "looked exactly as brilliant as OTT K-pop should, there was that hooky title refrain, the rappers injected sly confidence on the verses and an emotional build into the chorus gave the vocalists space to power up." "Business Insider"s Palmer Haasch, however, was unfavorable towards the song, writing in 2020 that it "is dramatic and filled to the brim with confidence, but it doesn't have the same kind of thematic substance as tracks like 'Kill This Love', despite following a similar structure." Haasch further added that the "bridge and final bars don't feel like a particularly satisfying conclusion".


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: In a selection by 35 music experts curated by Melon and newspaper "Seoul Shinmun" ranking the top 100 K-pop songs of all-time, "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" ranked at number 13, with KBS Radio director Soyeon Kang writing that "the pink flame" which is embodied by the song "has fired a signal as a K-pop girl group that the world is paying attention to". Kang noted Blackpink's record breaking success and said that the "energetic song development based on EDM trap beats" along with its strong hooks establishes the identity of Blackpink, and at the same time showed the potential of how far they could go in the future.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: The music video for "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was uploaded to the group's official YouTube channel on June 15 in conjunction with the release of the single. It soon became the most viewed online video in the first 24 hours by a Korean act, and the second most watched music video of all time with more than 36.2 million views within 24 hours after release, surpassing Psy's "Gentleman" (2013) and second only to Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" (2017). The music video hit 100 million views in 10 days, making “Ddu-Du Ddu-Du” the only music video by an all-female group to achieve the feat within the timeframe. In November 2018, five months after release, it became the fastest music video by a K-pop group to reach 500 million views and the fifth most viewed K-pop video of all time at the time. "Rolling Stone" named it the eighth best music video of 2018, describing it as "a feat of bonkers, maximalist creativity that includes the best use of a tank in a music video since Master P's "Make 'Em Say Uhh!" (1998). A dance practice video for the song was released on June 18.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: On January 21, 2019, the video became the most-viewed music video by a K-pop group on YouTube, with 620.9 million views; the video averaged 2.5 million views per day since its release, with 1.95 million daily views in January 2019. On November 11, 2019, the music video surpassed 1 billion views, making Blackpink the first K-pop group, second girl group, and fourth music group overall to achieve the milestone. The video subsequently surpassed 1.5 billion views on February 23, 2021, making it the first K-pop group video to achieve the milestone, and the second K-pop video overall to achieve the feat, after "Gangnam Style" (2012) by Psy.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: As part of promotions for "Square Up", Blackpink premiered the song on live television along with "Forever Young" on "Show! Music Core" on June 16, 2018. Osen contrasted the "refreshing and melodic" performance of "Forever Young" with the strong hip-hop concept of "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du". They subsequently appeared on "Inkigayo" for the first time the next day. On June 22, the group was slated to perform the track at the Lotte Duty Free Family Concert 2018, however after several songs, their performance was abruptly halted before having a chance to perform "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" due to "safety concerns". Fans expressed discontent regarding the handling of the situation as many in the audience paid tickets to see the group and they did not return after being escorted off the stage. The event organizers soon apologized for the incident.


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was included on the set lists for the group's two headlining concert tours—the Blackpink Arena Tour 2018 and In Your Area World Tour (2018–20), where the song was used as the opening number. They also performed the song at the TGC Kitakyushu 2018 festival by Tokyo Girls Collection in Kitakyushu, Japan on October 6, and the SBS Super Concert in Suwon on October 14. On December 1, 2018, Blackpink performed it live at the 2018 Melon Music Awards where they won the award for best female dance performance. On December 25, Jennie performed her single "Solo" at the annual "SBS Gayo Daejeon" before reuniting with the rest of the members for the performance of "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" and "Forever Young".


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: In January 2019, the group made performances with the song at the 33rd Golden Disc Awards and the 8th Gaon Chart Music Awards. On February 9, the group performed in the United States for the first time at Universal Music's Grammy Artist Showcase with "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" and "Forever Young". On February 11, Blackpink made their American television debut in New York City on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert;" their performance on the show coincided with the 55th anniversary of The Beatles' American television debut at the same theater. They also made a performance with the song on "Good Morning America" the following day. At the April 2019 Coachella Festival in Indio, California, "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was also used for the opening performance. On January 31, 2021, the group performed the song as part of their set list for their virtual concert The Show; the stage was decorated with a display of fire and pyrotechnics and was transformed into a shallow pool. "Teen Vogue" wrote that the performance was "one of the greatest spectacles of the concert". "Billboard" said that "the fire and water elements shine", and wrote that they brought out "some of their most intricate choreography of the entire show."


title: Ddu-Du Ddu-Du

text: The song was featured in the fourth episode of season three of Freeform series "The Bold Type" in April 2019 and the fifth episode of the tvN television series "Mr. Queen" in December 2020. South Korean boy band Stray Kids performed "God's Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" (), a "Deadpool"-themed mashup of "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" with their own song "God's Menu," in the 2021 Mnet competition show "".


title: Rashod Bateman

text: Rashod Bateman (born November 29, 1999) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Minnesota and was drafted by the Ravens in the first round of the 2021 NFL Draft.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: Bateman grew up in Tifton, Georgia and attended Tift County High School. Bateman caught 56 passes for 825 yards and five touchdowns in his junior season and committed to play college football at the University of Minnesota the following summer upon receiving a scholarship offer from the school. As a senior, he was named first team All-State after catching 83 passes for 1,539 yards and 21 touchdowns. Bateman's productive senior season led to him receiving late recruiting interest from many top-level college programs, but he chose to stick to his commitment to Minnesota.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: As a true freshman at Minnesota, Bateman started at wide receiver and set freshman records for the Golden Gophers with 51 receptions, 704 receiving yards, and six touchdowns. As a sophomore, Bateman was named a semi-finalist for the Fred Biletnikoff Award and first team All-Big Ten with teammate Tyler Johnson (the first time teammates shared wide receiver honors) and the Richter–Howard Receiver of the Year after catching 57 passes for sophomore records of 1,170 yards (20.5 yards per catch, second all time to Johnson) and 11 touchdowns. Bateman was named a second team All-American by "Sports Illustrated" and "USA Today" and was a third team selection by the Associated Press.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: On August 4, 2020, Bateman announced that he would forgo his 2020 season due to the Big Ten's decision to not play football during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Big Ten would later reverse their decision, with Bateman also rejoining the team for the shortened season.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: Bateman was selected by the Baltimore Ravens with the 27th overall pick of the 2021 NFL Draft, making him the first Gopher to be drafted in the first round since Laurence Maroney in 2006. On May 12, 2021, Bateman signed with the Ravens on a $12.6 million contract that included a $6.5 million signing bonus.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: On September 1, 2021, Bateman was placed on injured reserve to start the season after undergoing groin surgery. On October 16, 2021, Bateman was activated to the active roster from injured reserve. In Week 14 Bateman recorded his first 100 yard game catching 7 passes for 103 yards in a 22–24 loss against the Cleveland Browns. In Week 16 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Bateman scored his first NFL touchdown on a 4-yard pass from Josh Johnson in the 41-21 loss.


title: Rashod Bateman

text: Bateman became a full-time starting wide receiver along with Devin Duvernay following the trade of Marquise Brown to the Arizona Cardinals during the offseason. In a Week 2 38–42 shootout loss to the Miami Dolphins, Bateman recorded 108 receiving yards on four catches, including one catch that he took 75 yards for a touchdown. The following week, in a 37–26 win over the New England Patriots, he had two catches for 59 yards, although he fumbled away the ball on the first catch. However, he also injured his foot during the game and missed the following two games. Bateman returned against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but left in the second quarter with a foot injury. On November 3, 2022, it was announced Bateman will undergo surgery on his foot, ending his season.


title: Tarzan II

text: Tarzan II (also known as Tarzan 2 and Tarzan 2: The Legend Begins) is a 2005 American direct-to-video musical animated film, and the third and final Disney "Tarzan" film after "Tarzan and Jane", though it chronologically takes place during the events of the "original film" set during Tarzan's childhood, years before he met Jane. It was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and DisneyToon Studios Australia, with animation outsourced to Toon City Animation. The film tells the story between the young Tarzan is raised by apes and become an adult Tarzan, where he becomes the leader of his gorillas. It follows Tarzan's adventure to discover who he really is. Glenn Close and Lance Henriksen reprise their roles as Kala and Kerchak from the first film while Harrison Chad, Brenda Grate, and Harrison Fahn are the new voices for the younger versions of Tarzan, Terk, and Tantor, replacing Alex D. Linz, Rosie O'Donnell, and Taylor Dempsey. They are joined by new characters voiced by George Carlin, Estelle Harris, Brad Garrett, and Ron Perlman.


title: Tarzan II

text: As a human orphan being raised by a family of gorillas after his parents were killed in an African jungle, Tarzan is worried that a fabled monster known as the Zugor will someday attempt to capture him. He is disappointed that he can't run as quickly as the other young apes in his family, and his attempts to prove himself keep resulting in chaos, hurting the baby gorillas and disappointing the mother apes and his adoptive father, Kerchak.


title: Tarzan II

text: The next morning, when an accident leads his ape mother, Kala, to think Tarzan has died after the gorillas have crossed a ravine, the other apes feel that Tarzan has reached a fitting end. Tarzan believes it is best for everyone involved if he runs away.


title: Tarzan II

text: Alone in the jungle, Tarzan gets chased by Sabor the leopardess to a rocky place known as the Dark Mountain. When the echo of the monster calls, Sabor runs away just as Tarzan is encountered by two hulking, spoiled gorilla brothers, Uto and Kago, and their controlling, over-protective mother Mama Gunda. They fear the Zugor as much as Tarzan does, and when the booming call of the monster again echoes through the valley, the trio flee and Tarzan is able to escape Dark Mountain. He encounters a crotchety old gorilla who at first keeps the boy distant, but Tarzan discovers this gorilla is actually named Zugor and was pretending to be the monster. He uses hollow trees as megaphones to amplify his voice and pretend to be a monster, scaring other jungle creatures away from his territory and food. Tarzan uses this discovery to blackmail Zugor into letting the boy stay with him. Thanks to Tarzan's cheerfulness and helpfulness, Zugor begins to warm up to him. Tarzan continues to try to figure out what he is along with Zugor, but they both promise not to tell anyone.


title: Tarzan II

text: Meanwhile, Tarzan's two best friends, the young gorilla Terk and the young elephant Tantor, come looking for him, and Kala also finds out that Tarzan is alive, so she goes looking for him as well, but allows the baby gorillas to join her. Terk and Tantor encounter trouble in Dark Mountain in the form of Mama Gunda, Uto, and Kago, but they are able to escape. Terk and Tantor eventually reunite with Tarzan, and the three become best friends once again. They leave Dark Mountain, and Mama Gunda, Uto, and Kago follow them. Tarzan does not want to return home with them but he reveals that there is no monster. Mama Gunda, Uto, and Kago overhear their conversation and learn it was Zugor who was pretending to be the monster; he gets himself into trouble. Uto and Kago wreck Zugor's treehouse in retaliation for scaring them. Zugor accuses Tarzan for breaking his promise and runs away, refusing to help him face the brothers. Terk and Tantor run to go and warn Kerchak. Kala and the baby gorillas arrive near Dark Mountain and also encounter trouble with Mama Gunda, Uto and Kago. Tarzan finally realizes what he is supposed to be: a "Tarzan", with his own special tricks that no one else can do in the jungle, Zugor comes to a similar realization, at which he returns to Tarzan and reconciles with him.


title: Tarzan II

text: Tarzan is able to use tricks and traps to defeat Uto and Kago as Terk and Tantor try to save Kala and the baby gorillas from falling off a cliff; Tarzan saves Kala just in time. where as Zugor holds Mama Gunda hostage, but due to their connection and Zugor accidentally telling Mama Gunda that she has "beautiful eyes", they both fall in love. Uto and Kago return and are shocked to see them together. Tarzan tells Kala that she was right before and he is a part of her gorilla family.


title: Tarzan II

text: As the movie ends, Tarzan, Kala, Terk, Tantor and the baby gorillas return to the gorilla troop. Kala gives Tarzan a hug and tells him how proud she is of him for rescuing her from the fall and from Uto and Kago. Mama Gunda punishes her sons for destroying Zugor's treehouse and tells them that there won't be any more fighting or wrecking things. Tarzan, Terk, and Tantor decide to play a monster game; Tarzan is now happy and proud of himself, as he now knows what he is supposed to be. Like the original movie, Tarzan stands on a sequoia tree and closes the movie by letting out the typical Tarzan yell.


title: Tarzan II

text: The movie was nominated at the 33rd Annie Awards for Best Home Entertainment Production. The film received negative reviews from critics, and holds a score of 33% on Rotten Tomatoes based on six reviews.


title: Tarzan II

text: Mark Mancina, the first movie's composer, returned to compose the score for the film, joined by Dave Metzger. "Leaving Home" later became the song "I Need to Know" for the Broadway musical version of "Tarzan". Phil Collins, who performed the songs for the first film, returns to write new songs for the sequel while reusing the ones from the previous film.


title: Tarzan II

text: In 2004, DisneyToon Studios announced that a second sequel titled "Tarzan III", that film focused on Terk and Tantor leading their homes in London with Tarzan and Jane with their son named Paxton. Stan Phillips is attached to direct and write the story to the film. In 2006, it was cancelled by John Lasseter.


title: Eliot Salt

text: Salt is from Stockport, Greater Manchester. She studied English at the University of Bristol and later trained in Acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA).


title: Eliot Salt

text: Salt made her television debut in 2019 in 4 episodes of the Channel 4 sitcom "GameFace". In 2020, Salt began playing Evelyn in the Sky One spy comedy series "Intelligence". She also appeared as Joanna, Marianne's friend at Trinity College Dublin, in the BBC Three and Hulu miniseries "Normal People". She starred as Terra in the 2021 Netflix series "".


title: Eliot Salt

text: Salt founded Deadpan Theatre with Artemis Fitzalan Howard in 2013. The pair co-wrote "Low Tide in Glass Bay", "Changing Partners", and "Get Your Shit Together".


title: Eliot Salt

text: It was here Salt formed a comedy duo with Jude Mack, whom she met at university, later known as Mack and Salt. Mack and Salt's productions through Deadpan include "Predrinks / After Party" and "Third Wheel". It was announced in January 2021 that BBC Three had picked up Mack and Salt's pilot "Amicable", a screen adaptation of the former, which they would write and star in.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine has formal relations with many nations and in recent decades has been establishing diplomatic relations with an expanding circle of nations. The foreign relations of Ukraine are guided by a number of key priorities outlined in the foreign policy of Ukraine.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine considers Euro-Atlantic integration its primary foreign policy objective, but in practice balances its relationship with Europe and the United States with strong ties to Russia. The European Union's Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with Ukraine went into force on March 1, 1998. The European Union (EU) has encouraged Ukraine to implement the PCA fully before discussions begin on an association agreement. The EU Common Strategy toward Ukraine, issued at the EU Summit in December 1999 in Helsinki, recognizes Ukraine's long-term aspirations but does not discuss association.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: On January 31, 1992, Ukraine joined the then-Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe—OSCE), and on March 10, 1992, it became a member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. Ukraine also has a close relationship with NATO and has declared interest in eventual membership. It is the most active member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP). Former President Viktor Yushchenko indicated that he supports Ukraine joining the EU in the future. Plans for Ukrainian membership to NATO were shelved by Ukraine following the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election in which Viktor Yanukovych was elected President.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Yanukovych opted to keep Ukraine a non-aligned state. This materialized on June 3, 2010 when the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) excluded, with 226 votes, the goal of "integration into Euro-Atlantic security and NATO membership" from the country's national security strategy giving the country a non-aligned status. "European integration" has remained part of Ukraine's national security strategy and co-operation with NATO was not excluded.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine then considered relations with NATO as a partnership. Ukraine and NATO continued to hold joint seminars and joint tactical and strategical exercises. After February 2014's Yanukovych ouster and the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the nation has renewed its drive for NATO membership. On 23 December 2014 the Verkhovna Rada abolished, with 303 votes, Ukraine's non-aligned status.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine's relations with Russia are complicated by energy dependence and by payment arrears. However, relations have improved with the 1998 ratification of the bilateral Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. The two sides have signed a series of agreements on the final division and disposition of the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet that have helped to reduce tensions.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine became a (non-official) member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on December 8, 1991. In January 1993 it refused to endorse a draft charter strengthening political, economic, and defense ties among CIS members, and completely ceased to participate as a member in March 2014. Ukraine was a founding member of GUAM (Georgia-Ukraine-Azerbaijan-Moldova).


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: In 1999–2001, Ukraine served as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Soviet Ukraine joined the United Nations in 1945 as one of the original members following a Western compromize with the Soviet Union, which had asked for seats for all 15 of its union republics. Ukraine has consistently supported peaceful, negotiated settlements to disputes. It has participated in the quadripartite talks on the conflict in Moldova and promoted a peaceful resolution to conflict in the post-Soviet state of Georgia. Ukraine also has made a substantial contribution to UN peacekeeping operations since 1992.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Leonid Derkach (chairman of the SBU, which is Ukraine's security service, successor to the KGB) was fired due to Western pressure after he organized the sale of radar systems to Iraq while such sales were embargoed.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: The 1997 boundary treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Delimitation of the land boundary with Russia is incomplete, but the parties have agreed to defer demarcation. The maritime boundary through the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and on-going expert-level discussions. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin allegedly declared at a NATO-Russia summit in 2008 that if Ukraine would join NATO his country can contend to annex the Ukrainian East and Crimea.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with the European Union started a period of civil unrest between Ukrainians who favored integration with the European Union and those who wanted closer ties with Russia. This culminated in the Revolution of Dignity. Russia took advantage of this political instability to annex Crimea in March 2014, though Ukraine still claims sovereignty over the territory. Russia has also allegedly supported separatist forces in the War in Donbas. In December 2015 Russian hackers reportedly hacked Ukraine's power grids leading to a blackout and widespread terror.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: On 24 February 2022, diplomatic relations were cut with Russia as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region which remains under OSCE supervision.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine and Romania have settled their dispute over the Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and the Black Sea maritime boundary at the International Court of Justice. The CIA World Factbook states that "Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea".


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: State enterprise InvestUkraine was created under the State Agency for Investment and National Projects (National Projects) to serve as a One Stop Shop for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.


title: Foreign relations of Ukraine

text: Ukraine and all UN member states in Europe, except Belarus and Kazakhstan, are members of the Council of Europe.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Arlis Kay Perry (February 22, 1955 – October 12, 1974) was a 19-year-old American newlywed who was murdered inside Stanford Memorial Church, within the grounds of Stanford University in California, on October 12, 1974. The murder went unsolved for more than forty years before police named Stephen Blake Crawford as the perpetrator following DNA profiling in 2018. Crawford, a security guard at Stanford who reportedly discovered the body, died by suicide before he could be arrested.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Arlis Kay Dykema grew up in Bismarck, North Dakota, where she and Bruce D. Perry were high-school sweethearts. In August 1974, six weeks before her death, Arlis moved to the Stanford University campus with her husband, who was a sophomore pre-med student. At the time of her murder, Arlis had been working as a receptionist at a local law firm.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Around 11:30 p.m. the night of October 12, 1974, the Perrys had an argument about their car's tire pressure. Perry told her husband that she wanted to pray alone inside the Stanford Memorial Church, and they parted. Bruce became concerned when his wife had not returned home by 3:00 a.m. and called the Stanford police to report her missing. However, officers from the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office went to the church and reported all the outer doors were locked.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Campus security guard Stephen Crawford, a former Stanford police officer, claimed to have found Perry's body around 5:45 a.m. October 13, in the church's east transept, near the altar. She was found face-up with her hands folded across her chest. An ice pick was sticking out of the back of her head, though the handle had broken off and was missing. There were also signs of strangulation. Police reported that Perry was naked from the waist down. A three-foot (1 meter) long altar candle was inserted in her vagina, and another placed between her breasts. Her jeans had been arranged across her legs in a diamond pattern.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Crawford told police he had locked up the church a little after midnight after noticing no apparent activity inside. He also claimed (later found to be false) to have rechecked the doors around 2:00 a.m. and found they were still locked. When Crawford visited the church at 5:45 a.m. to open it for the day, he said he found the west side door open and that it had been forced from the inside.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Investigators found semen on a kneeling pillow near Perry's body. They also found a partial palm print on one of the candles. Neither the semen nor the print matched Bruce Perry or Crawford. The Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office also ruled out any links between the murder and three previous killings in the area dating back to February 1973, (these three crimes were later attributed to John Getreu). Perry’s husband was an initial suspect, but was eventually ruled out.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: At least seven people were in the Stanford Memorial Church during the night of October 12 and the morning of October 13; among them were Perry and Crawford. Four other people were identified; a seventh was not. A passerby noted this young man was about to enter the church around midnight. He had sandy-colored hair and was not wearing a watch; was of medium build; and stood about five-foot-ten.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: The case remained open and was routinely reviewed as a cold case by the cold case unit of the Santa Clara County District Attorney's and Sheriff's Office. In 2018, however, Crawford was definitively linked to the murder following a more advanced DNA test. On June 28, as police arrived at Crawford's residence at Camden Avenue in San Jose, California, 20 miles from Stanford University with a search warrant, Crawford locked his door and committed suicide with a pistol before he could be arrested.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Serial killer David Berkowitz mentioned the Perry murder in a few letters, suggesting that he heard details of the crime from "Manson II," the alleged culprit. In the "San Jose Mercury News", Jessie Seyfer noted that "investigators interviewed Berkowitz in prison and now believe he has nothing of value to offer" regarding the Perry case. However, investigative reporter Maury Terry noted that Berkowitz had volunteered information about the case without being prompted, writing in 1979: "ARLISS [sic] PERRY, HUNTED, STALKED AND SLAIN. FOLLOWED TO CALIFORNIA. STANFORD UNIV."


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: Terry interviewed Perry's friends in Bismarck, discovering that someone on the Stanford campus had taken a telephone listing under Bruce Perry's name. The resultant confusion when Perry’s best friend and Bruce's mother attempted to reach the Perrys at the fraudulent phone number apparently led Perry to call the number herself and speak to someone in residence there.


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: The case was covered in detail, along with the John Getreu murders, in a February 2020 episode of "Casefile True Crime Podcast".


title: Murder of Arlis Perry

text: The supposed links between David Berkowitz and the Perry murder were outlined in the Netflix documentary "".


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The Brabourne Stadium is a cricket ground in Mumbai in Western India, built in the British Bombay era. It was the home ground of the Mumbai men's and women's cricket teams. It can accommodate 50,000 people for sports matches. The ground is owned by the Cricket Club of India (CCI). The North Stand of the Brabourne had housed the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) headquarters and the 1983 Cricket World Cup trophy until 2006, when both were moved to the newly built "Cricket Centre" at the nearby Wankhede Stadium.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The Brabourne Stadium hosted Test matches from 1948 to 1972 and it was the venue for Bombay Pentangular matches from 1937 until 1946. After disputes over ticketing arrangements with the CCI, the Bombay Cricket Association (BCA) built the Wankhede Stadium exactly 700 metres north of Brabourne Stadium. After the Wankhede Stadium was built, Brabourne was no longer used for Tests, although visiting teams played a few first-class matches at the ground. Apart from cricket, the ground has played host to tennis and association football matches as well as music shows and concerts.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: In recent times, international cricket has returned to the Brabourne; it played host to the ICC Champions Trophy in 2006 and it was the venue for the first Twenty20 International played in India in 2007. Brabourne hosted a Test match in December 2009 after 36 years, thus creating a record for the biggest gap between two Tests at the same ground. The ground was home to the Mumbai Indians. The opening, Super Six and final matches of the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2013 were held here. At its AGM in September 2013, the BCCI unanimously decided to allot international matches as per its rotation policy thereby bringing the ground back as a regular international venue. BCCI also used this stadium on 29 May 2014 for the IPL playoff match between the Mumbai Indians and the Chennai Super Kings. In the 2015 IPL season, the venue was the secondary home ground of the Rajasthan Royals.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The CCI was incorporated as a company on 8 November 1933, during the MCC's 1933–34 tour of India, with its registered office in New Delhi. R. E. Grant Govan, the President of the BCCI, became the first President of the club. Anthony de Mello, the Secretary of the BCCI from its inception in 1928 until 1937, also served the secretary of CCI from 1933 to 1937. Sir Nowroji Saklatwala was the first Chairman of club, who served till his death in 1938, who also donated a large sum for construction of pavilion of the stadium. Though the CCI was originally based in New Delhi, Bombay (present-day Mumbai) was chosen as the location of its new ground as Bombay was considered the home of cricket in India. Brabourne Stadium was built on 90,000 square yards of reclaimed land along Marine Drive near Churchgate railway station in South Bombay and was India's first permanent sporting venue.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The negotiations for the land for the new cricket ground took place between de Mello and the then Bombay governor Lord Brabourne. De Mello used the name of Antonio Piedade da Cruz, an artist from Goa who was painting Lord Brabourne at the time, in order to obtain a meeting. The popular story goes that before returning at the end of the meeting, de Mello asked Lord Brabourne : 'Your excellency, which would you prefer to accept from sportsmen, money for your Government, or immortality for yourself?'. Brabourne chose immortality and the CCI was allotted 90,000 square yards at a price of 13.50 per square yard from land reclaimed in the Backbay reclamation scheme. Messrs. Gregson, Batley and King were appointed the architects of the facility and Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. were awarded the contract for construction. The intention of the ground design was such that it be the Lord's of India.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The foundation stone was laid by Lord Brabourne on 22 May 1936. The ground was intended to provide covered accommodation for 35,000 spectators and contain pavilions, tennis courts, and a swimming pool. Frank Tarrant was the first groundsman. The first match was played on the incomplete ground in October 1937 between the CCI and the Spencer Cup XI. The ground was opened on 7 December 1937 by Roger Lumley, then Governor of Bombay, Lord Brabourne now being the Governor of Bengal. The ground was named after Brabourne at the suggestion of the Maharaja of Patiala. On the same day, the CCI XI met the visiting Lord Tennyson's XI in the inaugural first-class match on the ground.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The estimated cost of construction was 1.8 million but the actual costs exceeded this by over a third. It took the efforts of Abubhai Jasdenwala, who had succeeded de Mello as the secretary in 1937, and Sir Nowroji Saklatwala, then Chairman of the Tata Group, among others, for the CCI to cover the costs. The Maharaja of Idar paid for the Governor's pavilion, and the Maharaja of Patiala paid for the pavilion that is his namesake. The remaining deficits were paid off from the sale of debentures and from the income from the Bombay Pentangular matches.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The Brabourne has been identified as a Heritage Grade IIB structure. The stadium has a pavilion and three public stands, namely the West Stand, North Stand and East Stand. The three public stands face the clubhouse from three different sides of the ground and are sheltered by cavernous, overhanging roofs.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The pavilion can be divided into the clubhouse in the centre with the Governor's Pavilion and the Maharaja of Patiala Pavilion on either side and is a three-story art deco nautical structure with rounded pediments, flagpoles and port-hole windows. The pavilion boasts of dark wood wall panelling and decorative marble floors. The walls of the pavilion are adorned with portraits of past and present cricketers and photographs of famous cricket matches.


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The Brabourne Stadium has drawn praise from various quarters. Australian cricketer Keith Miller called the ground "the most complete ground in the world", West Indian legend Frank Worrell stated that the Brabourne was the only ground in the world where he could be in his dressing gown until he had to pad up, hence he loved playing at the venue. According to Worrell's compatriot, Brian Lara, "It is one of the most beautiful venues across the world. Perfect to host a good cricket match." Former Indian captain Ajit Wadekar commented on the eve of the India-Sri Lanka test in 2009, "It is the ultimate dream for any cricketer to play at Lord’s; by the same token, every Indian cricketer would like to play at the CCI. It has a lovely atmosphere and that makes you feel different. You also play in front of a knowledgeable crowd." Former Indian captain M. S. Dhoni stated, "... Of course, it is special to play at CCI. ... It has a nice atmosphere." Noted Journalist and Chairman of the Mid-Day group, Khalid A. H. Ansari wrote in his newspaper, "Having witnessed cricket the world over, I can confidently say that cricket at the alluring Brabourne Stadium is an experience without parallel."


title: Brabourne Stadium

text: The first first-class match to be played at the ground was between Lord Tennyson's XI and a CCI XI in 1937.