title: Amulet (comics)

text: A flashback shows Max as a promising advocate for the Guardian Council along with a young Vigo, but his father refuses to allow Max to continue learning as he wants Max to follow in his footsteps, not his grandfather's. Max's friend, Layra comes to him when her parents are imprisoned for suspicions that they are on the side of the elf king, despite their contributions. When Max's father expresses disinterest in helping them because of his distrust for elves, Max breaks into Yarboro Prison and breaks them out. He shows them to an airship that will take them to safety. Shortly after taking off, they are shot down and killed by an armed airship. In anger, Max uses his stone to destroy the attacking airship. He is then sentenced to 50 years in the Ice Prison of Korthan, which he escapes from. The environment bests him, but before he perishes, The Voice approaches him, and offers to keep him alive in exchange for his services. In the present, Max and the Elf King visit the Ice Prison. Max frees a giant named Chronos, and empowers him with the remaining piece of the mother stone. Meanwhile, after Emily, Trellis and Vigo assemble as the remaining members of the Council of Stonekeepers, while Navin prepares the resistance for war, as they have found out that the elves were planning an attack on Frontera. Navin and a young woman named Alyson assemble an air fleet, complete with jets and mechs. Max and the Elves attack, destroying many ships. Unbeknownst to everyone except a worried Luger, Trellis is secretly attempting to travel to the past through the void to stop the terrible things that the elves did, which were influenced by the elf king, when he was actually just going into his memories. Emily joins him, telling him they're all in danger. Trellis wakes up to find the airship destroyed and all of them falling, but manages to land everyone safely. He reenters the void to wake up a still-sleeping Emily, and finds they're in the moment Max succumbed to the Voice. They wake up, and so does Max a few miles away. The Voice approaches Max, heals him, and claims that there is work to be done.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Max promises the Elf King that he will kill the other stone keepers once and for all, even though he actually wants to assemble them to kill The Voice inside the void. The elves launch another attack on the resistance fleet, prompting Navin, Alyson, and other young fighters to escape to the ruined city of Lucien. While in Lucien, they are persued by shadows, which are the same species as Sybrian from the first novel. The shadows claim one of the group as victims, but the others are saved by an elf named Riva, who shows them that the inhabitants of Lucien have moved underground. Navin also finds that other members of the resistance, such as Balan are residing in the underground portion of Lucien.. When shadows attack, Riva attempts to evacuate everyone via the underground trains. Navin, Alyson, and Riva's advisor, the robot General Pil, orders them to kill as many shadows as they can, but this is unsuccessful. They're forced to escape to a portal where they borrow mech suits from Pil's parents. They travel to Frontera, the Resistance's base, to attempt to launch an attack on the Elf King's kingdom, Valcor. Meanwhile, the four stone keepers arrive at a memory of Valcor, where the Voice lives. During the confrontation, Chronos is killed, and Max decides he cannot continue on his current path any longer, after being reminded about everything he has done and seeing he was simply a corpse being kept alive by the Voice. The Voice accepts this and takes Max's life away. Before dying, he tells them to visit Algos Island for Trellis. The remaining three stonekeepers arrive in the real world, on an elven ship that is crashing. Trellis proves himself to the elves by using his amulet to create a large bubble shield. Emily, Vigo, Trellis and the others begin a search for Algos Island.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Emily has a dream where she is younger, and is on a camping trip with her father. Vigo, Trellis, and Emily take the Luna Moth to search for Algos Island. They encounter a supplies station, and decided to stop. After exploring around, they find projections of memories from former people from the station. Emily finds out that the reason Algos Island was not on a map was because the supply station was called Algos Island. Meanwhile, Alyson, Navin, and General Pil arrive at their destination. They sell their mechs for a bad price, so they ask if they can work at a restaurant on air that making a destination at Frontera. Before the restaurant reaches frontera, 2 Elf pilots find them and bring them to Frontera. When Vigo, Trellis, and Emily return to the Luna Moth, they find out that Gabilan was hiding onboard, but only because he wanted to help them. He takes Trellis and Emily with him in his submarine. Emily decides to rest, and she has the same dream about the camping trip. She converses with her father, and they discuss how they never were able to go on that trip due to his death. Gabilan, Trellis, and Emily arrive at their destination, and Gabilan shows that he has been storing all the memories he stole in an underwater citadel. Trellis finds the memory he wants to view, and he and Emily enter it. They see memories of Trellis's childhood, and of his father, the Elf King. Trellis tells Emily about when he saw his father remove his mask, revealing that he was just a corpse being used a puppet. As they are about to exit the memory through a portal, Emily sees her father in another one, and decides to follow him. Trellis reluctantly follows Emily. They find themselves following along a suicidal man, who stops his car in the middle of the road. Emily then notices that they are in her hometown, and that the approaching car is her family's. The car crashes, and Emily rushes over to save her father from dying again. Trellis tries to stop her from interfering, so Emily sends a burst of fire from the Amulet to stop Trellis. Emily notices that she is losing control of the stone, and Emily's father reveals himself to be The Voice, who disguised itself to trick Emily. Emily asks Trellis to find her family, before she becomes a firebird. In the real world, Strikerfish possessed by shadows flood Gabilan's citadel. Trellis escapes the citadel with a bubble shield, while Gabilan parts ways with Trellis. Navin, Alyson, and General Pil arrive at Frontera and reunite with Karen, Leon, and the others. The resistance prepare to board a spaceship to a resistance base on another planet, while Emily is revealed to be fully under the control of The Voice.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Emily is commanded by the voice to wreak havoc on a city. Vigo and Trellis witness Emily struggling to destroy some things, which gives them hope that Emily is still there. Meanwhile, in the void, Emily is seen trying to escape The Voice's control. She meets an older version of herself, and learns that the Voice's name is Ikol, and that Ikol wants to rid Alledia of all other species so more of Ikol's kind can make Alledia their new home. Navin and Alyson run missions on a new planet, and learn more about the resistance's reach across planets, and prepares to battle an army of shadows. Emily breaks free of Ikol completely, takes full control of the stone, and unlocks powers that she had not learned before. She uses the stone's magic to fly to Valcor, and she unmasks the Elf King, revealing that the Elf King is a mere vessel for Ikol to control, unlike Max who was only working for Ikol. Emily vows that she will defeat Ikol.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Emily Hayes is a twelve-year-old stonekeeper and the successor of the late infamous Silas Charnon, her late maternal great-grandfather; she is a leading member of the remaining Guardian Council. She is the only daughter of Karen and David, and older sister to Navin Hayes. She has short bright red hair, and later uses a long walking stick to channel the amulet's immense magical strength and abilities via Leon's advice.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Described as a "natural born leader", she has demonstrated herself to be a very skilled and adept fighter and stonekeeper, even if she has much to learn about the true nature of her stone. Her goal upon entering Alledia was to find a cure for Karen when she was poisoned after she was stung by an arachnopod, but she remained in Alledia after her mother was cured in order to lend support in the fight against the Elf King and later the Voice of the amulet itself.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: After saving her mother, and curing her from the arachnopod's poison as well in the second book, she became more comfortable with being a 'hero', and claims even if she did intend to go back to Earth, the amulet would stop her, but in the third book this is revealed to be false. In the same book, she recruits Trellis and becomes one of his only initial friends. In the sixth book, when Max Griffin accepts his fate of dying, she tries to prevent that, which shows another decision affected from her compassionate side. Emily is usually very resistant to the Voice's attempts to control her, except in the seventh book; when the Voice finds out about her longing for her dead father, he causes her to give in to her desire for revenge against the man that accidentally caused the death of David Hayes, and she turns into a firebird (that is, an enormous phoenix) and becomes an unwilling servant of the Voice. Then she is turned back by a trip to the Void and meets her elderly future self.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Navin is Emily Hayes' younger brother. Navin is initially childish and a little immature, but matures over the series. Navin seems to be naturally talented at controlling robots and automatons, stemming from his love for video games as a child. This talent has helped him perform feats that help the group. In the first book, Navin flies a plane with other members of the group. Navin learns how to control the Charnon House, and in the second book, he defeats Luger and saves Emily with his control of the house-robot. In the third, when Enzo's robot loses control of the Luna Moth ship, Navin quickly takes control and prevents them from falling. In the fifth book, Navin attempts to defeat Max in one of the ships, but ultimately fails. In the sixth book, Navin helps defeat the shadows in the cleaning mech suits.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: The robots made by Silas consider Navin as their chief. Navin is also the commander of the Resistance. He is shown to have brown hair, resembling his deceased father.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Trellis is the son of the Elf King and younger brother of Luger, as well as a stonekeeper and intended successor to the throne of Gulfen. After failing to capture Emily and having his act of interception at Gondoa Mountain seen as treason, Trellis and his brother Luger abandon the Elf King, eventually joining Emily and the Resistance after Emily defends them from the Elf King's soldiers.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Originally, Trellis played the antagonist in the first two books, but in the third his purposes were revealed. In the first book, he had attempted to force Emily into defeating his father, the Elf King, through the kidnapping of her mom. In the third book, Emily saves him from the Elf King's guards when they attempted to arrest him, using a stunning staff to electrocute him. He tells Emily that his father is being possessed by something, and that he wanted to destroy whatever was controlling his dead body by destroying the amulet of the king. In the fifth book, they find out it was the Voice. In the sixth book, Trellis becomes warmer to the crew of the "Luna Moth", especially Luger, playing a game of Othello together and exchanging witty banter. Both did not know they were brothers until book three, since Gabilan stole their memories. Trellis starts trusting Emily after her step to save him in book 5, eventually developing a strong bond of trust with her and becoming close.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Like most elves, Trellis has grey skin, but with a lighter tone. He is shown to have long white hair, and in the beginning of the series had sharp teeth, but that was removed after the fifth book. He has a long stitched up scar on his left eye. When he and Emily enter his stolen memories in the seventh book, he finds out that he got his scar when the king, who had abnormally sharp and long fingernails, scratched his eye with it. Trellis is especially talented in defending with the amulet.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Trellis believes his father has long been dead and is under the possession of his stone. His goal is to destroy the stone, and prevent any further harm to his nation, Gulfen, and the rest of Alledia. Trellis has very few memories from his childhood. Many significant events from his past are revealed to him when Trellis tries to enter the Void in book 5, as he finds out he was primarily raised by his mild historian uncle and when he entered his memories in book 7, learning about how he received his scar and the fate of his late uncle.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Vigo first appears in the fourth book, when Cogsley and Miskit fall off the "Luna Moth" and he rescues them and brings them to his house. As a child, he befriended Max Griffin, who often had no friends due to his respect to elves, even though the specific elves he respected did a lot to help the city of Cielis. Soon after he joined the guardian council (the protectors of Cielis) he left because the council only made its decisions based on its fears. When he grew up, Vigo married someone, but after his wife died, his son made an attempt to travel into the past to revive her, a technique of using the power stonekeepers possessed that Silas had made a theory of, when really he was just entering his memories. He stayed in his memories for months, never waking up, then died, causing much grief to Vigo. In the other books, he tries his best to help the crew of the "Luna Moth". He originally disliked Trellis, but became neutral to him in the sixth book. In the seventh book, he mentioned that he didn't like leaving Emily with Gabilan as, by his once being a father, he had a father's instinct. He has a grey beard, and wears a blue overcoat. Interestingly, his stone is green and does not have the Voice's symbol on it, like all the other stones do.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Leon Redbeard, like many other citizens of Kanalis, came under the effects of a curse during his human childhood, causing him to become a humanoid fox (with others in the city becoming different animals). Leon's father was a guard of the jail where the Elf King was kept imprisoned, and was later killed when the King escaped. After this event Leon decided to avenge his father and worked for the Guardian Council to defeat the Elf King, and so looked for Emily per their request. In the second and third books, Leon is able to teach Emily basic lessons on how to wield the amulet's power, teaching her to channel her energy through a staff and how to protect items and beings using her stone. In the fourth book, Leon helps Enzo and Alyson Hunter free Trellis and


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Max Griffin makes his debut in the third book to take Emily to Cielis after she activates a beacon. In the fourth book, he, Emily and two other young Stonekeepers were transported to the caverns of Cielis instead of the void. The four complete multiple tasks, and found themselves the main chamber containing the mother stone. He steals it, revealing his true loyalty to the nation of the Elves. The fifth book shows his tense relationship with his father, and friendship with a young elf called Layra, whose family was persecuted against because they were elves, despite their help in building Cielis. When he destroys a city airship in anger for shooting down Layra's family, he's sentenced to fifty years in prison. His partially successful escape and subsequent death results in the stone taking over. His last appearance was in the sixth book, when he spies on the resistance by hiding in an illusion of clouds while Navin is learning in the colossus program. He sends a servant to request the Guardian Council's help, when he talks to them asking them to help him fight off the voice. Then they all enter the void and talk to the voice where it promptly undoes all that it has done, killing him. His final words were to Trellis that were important: "Forgive your people. They did not know... That you are the king." This meant that Max had been a false prince of the elves for his life and Trellis is the true king.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: The Elf King is mentioned in the first book and makes his debut in the second book. He was the evil ruler of Alledia and was originally an elf child until he lost control of his powers and became a monster. He was reverted to normal by a group of stonekeepers including Silas Charnon, and was locked up. His stone returned to him as he died and reanimated him, allowing him to escape. He took over the Elf nation of Gulfen and led an army to attack the city of Cielis. At some point, his wife (who apparently died) gave birth to Trellis and Luger. He was annoyed by Trellis' rebellious streak and he eventually allowed a shadow to possess his son. When Emily came to Alledia, he first attempted to recruit her, then tried to kill her when she refused to join him. In the fifth book, the thing controlling him was revealed to be the Voice. In the eighth book, Emily ripped off his mask, revealing the Voice's symbol branded on his face. The removal of his mask killed the King.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: The wife of the late David Hayes and mother to Emily and Navin. She happens to be the granddaughter of the deceased Silas Charnon, the amulet's previous host and Stonekeeper. She has light blue eyes, blonde hair and is tall and slim.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Alyson, or simply called Aly, is Navin's friend. Her parents own a restaurant in Cieles, but later, her father is shown to help the Resistance by flying massive and sophisticated robots to defeat the Elf King. Aly and Navin also take part in this.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Enzo and Rico are two brothers who were first shown relaxing in a bar. Enzo is more bossy and rude than Rico, but is kind-hearted. They also own an airship called "Luna Moth".


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Cogsley, Miskit, Morrie, Theodore, Ruby, and Bottle are the robots created by Silas that help Emily in her voyage.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Dagno is a baby wyvern who was adopted by Cogsley and Miskit. Cogsley decided to add the wyvern with the team after multiple unsuccessful attempts of getting rid of Dagno. Dagno is very loyal to his friends, as it is shown in one of the books when Gabilan tries to harm Rico. Dagno hits Gabilan with his head, that makes Gabilan leave Rico, but Dagno gets hurt. Cogsley also says that Dagno has a "Goofy Grin".


title: Amulet (comics)

text: Moze is a boy of Emily's age whom she first and last meets in book 8. Moze is also a stonekeeper. At last, when an old lady is seen fighting Ikol and Moze urges Emily to go in a safe portal, Emily is shocked as she realizes that the old lady was herself and no one else. She asks Moze that will they meet in the future, to which Moze replies as yes. But after Emily is gone, Ikol throws the old Emily to a pile of rocks, and then it is revealed that Moze is Emily's future son.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: On October 3, 2014, Kibuishi confirmed on Twitter that the series will have nine volumes. He estimated that the final volume would come out in 2021. However, the release date was pushed back to November 8th, 2022. According to a tweet from April 2022, the book will "take about another year to publish", thus it is likely Amulet 9 will be released in Spring of 2023.


title: Amulet (comics)

text: In 2016, 20th Century Fox and Temple Hill Entertainment announced production of an adaptation of the graphic novel miniseries. The project had been previously set up at Warner Bros with Will Smith and James Lassiter’s Overbrook Entertainment and Akiva Goldsman’s Weed Road shingle, with Smith’s kids, Willow and Jaden, being previously attached to star. Aron Eli Coleite was selected to write the script.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: "Story of My Life" is a song recorded by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It was released on 28 October 2013 by Syco Music and Columbia Records as the second single from the group's third studio album, "Midnight Memories" (2013). Written by band members Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Harry Styles, Liam Payne, and Louis Tomlinson, along with Julian Bunetta, Jamie Scott, John Ryan, and Hanoch Dagan. The lyrics speak of a tumultuous relationship leading to lament and heartbreak.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: "Story of My Life" is an acoustic folktronica song with indie folk elements. It runs for a total of four minutes and five seconds. Idolator compared the song to the works of Ed Sheeran, Coldplay, and Mumford & Sons. The song is written and recorded in E-flat major. According to musicnotes.com, the song runs at 120 beats per minute. This song was mixed by Joe Zook.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: Sam Lanksy of "Idolator" called the song "surprisingly great" and noted it was a "mature midpoint" between the group's signature "rollicking pop-rock confection[s]" and "dreary ballads". Lanksy additionally called the song "merciful" and complimented it for using alternative-folk influences without "smell[ing] like spilled beer". Amy Sciarretto of "PopCrush" gave the song 4 out of 5 stars, calling it a "contemplative, acoustic guitar-driven song" and complimenting it for being "more memorable" than any of the group's previous works. Sciarretto noted that the song would resonate with listeners of many different ages and showed that One Direction "isn't just a boy band"; although noted the song was not as "crazy catchy" as their previous songs. Lauren Wheeler of TheCelebrityCafe.com gave the song 5 out of 5 stars noting that the lyrics were "reflective" and "much deeper than some of their bigger hits." Wheeler added that the song showed that One Direction "not only have range, but also have matured through their music."


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: On 31 October 2013, the song debuted at number one on the Irish Singles Chart, becoming One Direction's fourth number-one single in Ireland. The song also debuted at number one in New Zealand, becoming both their second number-one debut and single on the New Zealand Singles Chart. It reached number two in the UK. In Australia, the song debuted at number three on the ARIA Charts and has since been certified Gold.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: In the United States, it charted at number six, giving the band their fourth U.S. top ten single. It has charted in the top 15 for 19 weeks, seven of those in the top 10, and has become the band's second-highest selling single in the U.S. after their debut single "What Makes You Beautiful" (2011). The song also reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart, becoming One Direction's first number one on a U.S. airplay chart. It has sold 2.8 million digital copies in the U.S. as of June 2016.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: Three days before the music video was uploaded, three teasers were posted, once each day. Zayn Malik and Liam Payne also posted a picture from the video with Malik posting a picture with his sister.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: The set for the “Story of My Life” music video took five entire days to build. The director of the music video Ben Winston and his crew hung up a combination of 6000 to 7000 pictures that show an evolution of each of the members of One Direction over the years. This music video allows the Directioners (i.e., super fans of this boy band) to dive a little bit deeper into the lives of the members. The fans are used to seeing them in the public eye. “Story of My Life” allows them to connect with each of the members on a more personal and intimate level by looking back at their childhood memories.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: The video was directed by Ben Winston, who also directed the video for their previous single "Best Song Ever". The video was accidentally published and leaked by Vevo two days earlier when they were supposed to upload the second teaser for the music video, but it was immediately removed. It was then officially uploaded on 3 November 2013. The video features some the band's family members: Zayn's sister, Harry's mother, Liam's parents and sisters, Niall Horan's brother and Louis' grandparents (two of whom are now deceased). It starts in a dark room with the band developing photos. Afterwards, certain family photos for each member are shown, and the photos morph into the same family members doing a current recreation of the photos.


title: Story of My Life (One Direction song)

text: Photos included in the video consist of: Zayn, aged 7, with his little sister; Louis, aged 8, with his grandparents; Harry, aged 4, with his mother; Niall, aged 4, with his brother being aged 10 when the photo was taken; Liam aged 10, with his family.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: "Can't Buy Me Love" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released in March 1964 as the A-side of their sixth single. It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song was included on the group's album "A Hard Day's Night" and was featured in a scene in Richard Lester's film of the same title. The single topped charts in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Sweden. In the UK, it was the fourth highest selling single of the 1960s.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: While in Paris, the Beatles stayed at the five-star George V hotel and had an upright piano moved into one of their suites so that songwriting could continue. It was here that McCartney wrote "Can't Buy Me Love". The song was written under the pressure of the success achieved by "I Want to Hold Your Hand", which had just reached number one in America. When producer George Martin first heard "Can't Buy Me Love", he felt that the song needed changing: "I thought that we really needed a tag for the song's ending, and a tag for the beginning; a kind of intro. So I took the first two lines of the chorus and changed the ending, and said 'Let's just have these lines, and by altering the second phrase we can get back into the verse pretty quickly. And they said: "That's not a bad idea, we'll do it that way". The song's verse is a twelve-bar blues in structure, a formula that the Beatles seldom applied to their own material.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: When pressed by American journalists in 1966 to reveal the song's "true" meaning, McCartney stated: "I think you can put any interpretation you want on anything, but when someone suggests that 'Can't Buy Me Love' is about a prostitute, I draw the line." He went on to say: "The idea behind it was that all these material possessions are all very well, but they won't buy me what I really want." However, he was to comment later: "It should have been "Can" Buy Me Love when reflecting on the perks that money and fame had brought him.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: "Can't Buy Me Love" was recorded on 29 January 1964 at EMI's Pathe Marconi Studios in Paris, France, where the Beatles were performing 18 days of concerts at the Olympia Theatre. At this time, EMI's West Germany branch, Odeon, insisted that the Beatles would not sell records in any significant numbers in Germany unless they were actually sung in the German language and the Beatles reluctantly agreed to re-record the vocals to "She Loves You" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand" prior to them being released in Germany. George Martin travelled to Paris with a newly mastered rhythm track for what was to be "Komm, Gib Mir Deine Hand". "Sie Liebt Dich" required the Beatles to record a new rhythm track as the original two-track recording had been scrapped. EMI sent a translator to be present for this recording session which had been hurriedly arranged to tie in with the Beatles' Paris commitments. This was accomplished well within the allotted studio time, allowing the Beatles an opportunity to record the backing track, with a guide vocal, to the recently composed "Can't Buy Me Love". At this stage the song included background vocal harmonies, but after listening to the first take, the band concluded that the song did not need them. Therefore, "Can't Buy Me Love" became the first single the Beatles released without their characteristic background harmonies.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: McCartney's final vocal was overdubbed at EMI Studios, Abbey Road, London, on 25 February. Also re-recorded on this day at EMI Studios was George Harrison's modified guitar solo, although his original solo can still just be heard in the background. Harrison said: "What happened was, we recorded first in Paris and re-recorded in England. Obviously they'd tried to overdub it, but in those days they only had two tracks, so you can hear the version we put on in London, and in the background you can hear a quieter one." Helen Shapiro, a friend of the Beatles and present at this overdub session, says that Ringo Starr also added extra cymbals "over the top" and that "apparently this was something he did quite often on their records". "Can't Buy Me Love" is also the only English-language track that the Beatles recorded in a studio outside the UK, although the instrumentation of the band's 1968 B-side "The Inner Light" was recorded in India by Harrison and some Indian classical musicians.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: "Can't Buy Me Love" was released as a single, backed by John Lennon's song "You Can't Do That". The release took place on 16 March 1964 in the United States and four days later in the United Kingdom. In the US, "Can't Buy Me Love" topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for five weeks. With the success of the song, the Beatles established four records on the Hot 100:


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: In the UK, "Can't Buy Me Love" became the Beatles' fourth number 1 and their third single to sell over a million copies. By November 2012, it had sold 1.53 million copies there. As of December 2018, it was the 35th best-selling single of all time in the UK – one of six Beatles songs included on the top sales rankings published by the Official Charts Company.<ref name="Myers/OCC"></ref>


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: "Can't Buy Me Love" was included on the Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night" album in June 1964 and the US soundtrack album of the same name, released on United Artists Records. For its sequence in the film "A Hard Day's Night", director Richard Lester used crane shots to capture the four band members running and leaping in a sports field. In his book on the history of music videos, "Money for Nothing", author Saul Austerlitz places "Can't Buy Me Love" at number 33 on the "Top 100 Videos List".


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: Subsequent album appearances for the song include the compilations "A Collection of Beatles Oldies" (1966) and "Hey Jude" (1970; also known as "The Beatles Again"), the 1973 double-disc collection "1962–1966", the 1982 release "Reel Music", which features songs from the Beatles' feature films; the 1982 compilation "20 Greatest Hits" and the 2000 greatest hits album "1"; a composite of takes one and two of "Can't Buy Me Love" was included on the "Anthology 1" compilation in 1995. "Rolling Stone" ranked "Can't Buy Me Love" at number 295 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2010.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: In September 2015, the Beatles donated the use of their recording of the song to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals for a television commercial.


title: Can't Buy Me Love

text: Ella Fitzgerald recorded the song for her 1964 album "Hello, Dolly". This version was also released as a single, peaking at number 34 in the UK in June 1964, spending five weeks on the chart. Alex Petridis of "The Guardian" cites Fitzgerald as an example of how several artists, responding to the composition's swing-like rhythmic quality, issued "parent-friendly jazz covers" of "Can't Buy Me Love", and how the song was "key to establishing the Beatles' cross-generational appeal".


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Kevin Lee Gaines (February 6, 1966 – March 18, 1997) was an American police officer assigned to the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums unit implicated in the Rampart scandal.


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Gaines had ties to Death Row Records and the Bloods, and dated Suge Knight's ex-wife. He was shot and killed on March 18, 1997 by undercover LAPD detective Frank Lyga, who was determined to be acting in self-defense. At the time of his death, Gaines was 31, and a seven-year veteran of the force. The shooting of a black officer by a white officer fueled racial tensions and prompted a media frenzy. The investigation into Gaines's behavior also provided the first clues to the widespread police corruption of the Rampart scandal.


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Evidence of Gaines's corrupt behavior first surfaced in the summer of 1996. Police responded to a 911 call reporting a shooting at a Hollywood Hills mansion. Gaines, off duty, showed up at the scene and is alleged to have initiated an altercation with the responding officers. The officers handcuffed Gaines when he became verbally abusive and provocative. According to police records, Gaines shouted profanities and stated, "I hate fucking cops."


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Gaines claimed he was mistreated by the police and hired an attorney to file a claim against the city. However, when LAPD Internal Affairs investigated the incident, they discovered the 911 call had actually been made by Gaines himself. Investigating officer Russell Poole, who later became deeply involved in investigating the Rampart Scandal, claimed that "the evidence suggests that he did that to engage LAPD in a confrontation and basically wanted to secure a pension or whatever by filing a lawsuit."


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Around 4:00 p.m. on March 18, 1997, undercover LAPD narcotics detective Frank Lyga shot and killed Kevin Gaines in what he claimed to be an act of self-defense, following a case of apparent road rage. According to Lyga and other witnesses' testimonies, Gaines pulled his green Mitsubishi Montero SUV up to Lyga's Buick Regal at a traffic light. A verbal confrontation ensued, with Gaines flashing what Lyga believed to be gang signs with his hands. During this argument, Gaines told Lyga he would "put a cap up your ass". Lyga was aware that "cap" was a slang term for shooting someone, causing him to believe that Gaines had a gun and intended to use it. Both vehicles drove off from the traffic light, with Gaines following Lyga southbound on Cahuenga Boulevard at high speed, even swerving into oncoming traffic briefly to continue the chase.


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Lyga stopped at a red light at Regal Place, where he observed Gaines's Montero coming towards him. Lyga unholstered his Beretta 92 and held it on his lap, then called for backup using a hidden police radio activated by a foot pedal. Recordings of his radio transmissions captured Lyga saying, "I've got a problem. There's a black guy in a green Jeep on my ass! I need you guys," followed shortly after by, "I think he's got a gun." Gaines pulled up next to Lyga, who later testified that he heard Gaines shout, "I'll cap you, motherfucker!" Gaines brandished a .45 ACP handgun, and Lyga fired at him twice, lodging one bullet in Gaines's heart. Lyga radioed one final transmission: "I just shot somebody! I need help!"


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: Lyga served desk duty for one year while the LAPD reviewed the details of the shooting. Following three separate internal investigations, Lyga was exonerated of any wrongdoing. The LAPD concluded that Lyga's shooting was "in policy" and not racially or improperly motivated. Within three days of the incident, the Gaines family retained attorney Johnnie Cochran and filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles for US$25 million. The city eventually settled with Cochran for US$250,000. Lyga was angry the city settled, denying him the chance to fully clear his name. Judge Schoettler wrote a letter to Chief Bernard Parks stating, "Had the matter been submitted to me for a determination, I would have found in favor of the City of Los Angeles." Schoettler's letter alleged political reasons for settling the case, namely, City Attorney James Hahn was preparing to run for mayor and black voters were his primary demographic.


title: Kevin Gaines (police officer)

text: In the biography film "City of Lies", Kevin Gaines is played by Amin Joseph. The film features the 1997 road rage incident with Detective Frank Lyga, played by Shea Whigham.


title: AWS Lambda

text: AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of Amazon Web Services. It is a computing service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources required by that code. It was introduced on November 13, 2014.


title: AWS Lambda

text: Node.js, Python, Java, Go, Ruby, and C# (through .NET) are all officially supported . In late 2018, custom runtime support was added to AWS Lambda.


title: AWS Lambda

text: AWS Lambda supports running native Linux executables via calling out from a supported runtime such as Node.js. For example, Haskell code can be run on Lambda.


title: AWS Lambda

text: AWS Lambda was designed for use cases such as image or object uploads to Amazon S3, updates to DynamoDB tables, responding to website clicks, or reacting to sensor readings from an IoT connected device. AWS Lambda can also be used to automatically provision back-end services triggered by custom HTTP requests, and "spin down" such services when not in use, to save resources. These custom HTTP requests are configured in AWS API Gateway, which can also handle authentication and authorization in conjunction with AWS Cognito.


title: AWS Lambda

text: Unlike Amazon EC2, which is priced by the hour but metered by the second, AWS Lambda is metered by rounding up to the nearest millisecond with no minimum execution time.


title: AWS Lambda

text: In 2019, at AWS' annual cloud computing conference (AWS re:Invent), the AWS Lambda team announced "Provisioned Concurrency", a feature that "keeps functions initialized and hyper-ready to respond in double-digit milliseconds." The Lambda team described Provisioned Concurrency as "ideal for implementing interactive services, such as web and mobile backends, latency-sensitive microservices, or synchronous APIs."


title: AWS Lambda

text: Each AWS Lambda instance is a container created from Amazon Linux AMIs (a Linux distribution related to RHEL) with 128–10240 MB of RAM (in 1 MB increments), 512 MB to 10 GB of ephemeral storage in /tmp folder, and a configurable execution time from 1 to 900 seconds. Ephemeral storage remains locally available only for the duration of the instance and is discarded after all tasks running on the instance complete.


title: AWS Lambda

text: The instances are neither started nor controlled directly. Instead, a package containing the required tasks has to be created and uploaded (usually) to an S3 bucket, and AWS is instructed (via Amazon Kinesis, DynamoDB or SQS) to run it when an event is triggered. Each such execution is run in a new environment so access to the execution context of previous and subsequent runs is not possible. This essentially makes the instances stateless, all the incoming and outgoing data needs to be stored by external means (usually via S3 or DynamoDB, inbound connections to the instances are disabled). The maximum compressed size of a Lambda package is 50 MB with the maximum uncompressed size being 250 MB.


title: Shea Weber

text: Shea Michael Weber (born August 14, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman under contract with the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played sixteen seasons in the NHL for the Nashville Predators and Montreal Canadiens. He is known to have one of the hardest shots in hockey history.


title: Shea Weber

text: Drafted in the second round, 49th overall, by the Predators in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, Weber spent eleven seasons in Nashville until being traded to Montreal in 2016. He previously played for the Sicamous Eagles of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL), the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL), and the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League (AHL).


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber has represented Canada at a number of International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)-sanctioned events, winning a World Junior Ice Hockey Championship gold medal in 2005, an Ice Hockey World Championships gold medal in 2007, and two Olympic gold medals at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber was born on August 14, 1985, in Sicamous, British Columbia. His mother, Tracy, was a hairdresser, and his father, James Weber, a sawmill worker. Weber first played organized ice hockey at age six. Growing up, he played in the Sicamous and District Minor Hockey Association, a division of the British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association (BCAHA), often switching between forward and defenceman positions. In Weber's second year of bantam, he permanently switched to defence. He credits his father for convincing him to make the switch because he thought Weber would "have a better shot at a pro career as a defenceman". Between the ages of fourteen and fifteen, Weber grew 5 inches, from 5-foot-9 (1.75 metres) to 6-foot-2 (1.88 metres).


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber went unselected in his Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft year, but was placed by the Kelowna Rockets on their protected-players list during his second season of bantam. At the end of the season, he moved up to junior "B" ice hockey with his hometown Sicamous Eagles of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL). Weber's 42 points in 47 games played helped his team to a near-perfect season of 43–5–1–1, winning both the British Columbian Cyclone Taylor Cup KIJHL league championship and the Western Canadian Keystone Cup. In the Keystone Cup championship game, Weber scored the Eagles' first goal of the game in a 2–1 victory over the Spruce Grove Regals. In addition to his championship run with the Eagles, Weber played in five games for the Kelowna Rockets during their 2001–02 WHL season.


title: Shea Weber

text: The following season Weber began his rookie season with the Rockets. Early into the campaign, Weber established a physical presence, often fighting opposing players. Overall, he had 167 penalty minutes that season, the most in his entire playing career. Offensively, Weber finished his rookie season with eighteen points in seventy games played. He also scored 5 points in 19 playoff games as the Rockets won the franchise's first Ed Chynoweth Cup as WHL champions, defeating the Red Deer Rebels in the finals. As WHL champions, the Rockets represented the WHL at the 2003 Memorial Cup in Quebec City, Quebec, where they were defeated by the Hull Olympiques 2–1 in the semi-final. At the completion of his rookie WHL season, Weber was eligible to be drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) at the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. Heading into the draft, he was ranked 42nd among North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau and 54th overall by International Scouting Services. On June 21, 2003, he was drafted in the second round, 49th overall, by the Nashville Predators.


title: Shea Weber

text: In his second season with the Rockets, Weber was named to the WHL roster for the 2004 ADT Canada-Russia Challenge in Red Deer and Lethbridge, Alberta. In the two games played, he recorded one assist. At the completion of the regular season, Weber had improved his offensive statistics from the previous season, recording 32 points in 60 games. Weber was named the WHL player of the week for April 6–12, 2004, after recording one goal and six assists in four Kelowna wins over the Tri-City Americans as the Rockets eliminated the Americans four games to two in the Western Conference semi-finals. He finished the WHL playoffs with 17 points in 17 games as the Rockets were eliminated four games to three by the Everett Silvertips in the Western Conference finals. Despite being eliminated from the WHL playoffs, the Rockets advanced to their second consecutive Memorial Cup as the host team. At the 2004 Memorial Cup, Weber was named to the tournament all-star team after recording four points in four games played as the Rockets defeated the Gatineau Olympiques 2–1 in the championship game to win their first Memorial Cup. At the completion of the season, Weber was named to the WHL Western Conference's second all-star team.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber's final season with the Rockets proved to be his best with the team, despite a late season injury. On March 5, 2005, he injured his left knee after colliding with Vancouver Giants left winger Cam Cunning. The injury resulted in Weber missing the remainder of the regular season and the Rockets' Western Conference quarter-finals series against the Vancouver Giants. Despite the injury, Weber finished the regular season with WHL career bests for goals (12), assists (29) and points (41) in 55 games played. After returning from injury, Weber scored 9 goals and 17 points in 18 playoff games as the Rockets won the Ed Chynoweth Cup en route to their third consecutive Memorial Cup. For his efforts, he was awarded the airBC Trophy as the most valuable player of the WHL playoffs. At the 2005 Memorial Cup, with what was considered as one of the best tournament fields in Memorial Cup history, the Rockets were eliminated after losing all three of their round robin games. At the completion of the season, Weber was named to the WHL Western Conference first all-star team and was the Western Conference nominee for the Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy as the top defenceman in the WHL, although Dion Phaneuf ultimately won the award. Weber was also named to the Canadian Major Junior second all-star team.


title: Shea Weber

text: On September 10, 2004, Weber signed a three-year, $1.425 million entry-level contract with the Nashville Predators. A year-and-a-half later, Weber made his NHL debut on January 6, 2006, against the Detroit Red Wings, recording three shots on goal in 11:08 minutes of icetime. Three months later, on April 6, 2006, he scored his first NHL goal, against Reinhard Divis of the St. Louis Blues in a 3–0 Nashville victory. Weber went on to play in 28 games during his rookie season, finishing with two goals and ten assists. He also scored two goals in four Stanley Cup playoff games with the Predators before the team was eliminated in the first round by the San Jose Sharks. With Nashville's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals, still in playoff action, Weber was reassigned to the Admirals' roster for the remainder of the AHL playoffs. He recorded 6 goals and 5 assists in 14 games during his time with the Admirals, who finished in second place in the Calder Cup, losing to the Hershey Bears in six games in the Calder Cup Finals.


title: Shea Weber

text: It was during his sophomore season Weber evolved into one of Nashville's most important players. By the midpoint of the season, Weber already had 26 points, and his play was recognized on January 14, 2007, when he was named to the Western Conference roster for the 2007 NHL YoungStars Game in Dallas, Texas. Weber finished the season with 40 points, ranking eighth on the Predators' roster in total points. He added an additional three assists in five playoff games before the Predators were eliminated by San Jose for the second consecutive season.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber's third season with the Predators began with a series of injuries. After playing only 2:19 minutes of the first period in Nashville's season-opening game against the Colorado Avalanche, Weber fell awkwardly and dislocated his kneecap. The injury caused him to miss the next six weeks of play before returning to the Nashville line-up during a game with the St. Louis Blues on November 17, 2007. Weber was sidelined again shortly after, injuring his leg and missing another 11 games before he returned during a January 15, 2008, game against the Calgary Flames. Weber finished the season with 20 points in 54 games. He received a single fifth-place vote to tie for 17th with seven other players in James Norris Memorial Trophy voting as the NHL's best defenceman.


title: Shea Weber

text: On June 23, 2008, Weber signed a three-year, $13.5 million contract extension with the Predators, avoiding restricted free agency. During his first year of the new contract, Weber established himself as one of the top defenceman in the NHL. At the mid-way point of the season, he was among the defencemen statistical leaders, was considered a favourite to win the Norris Trophy and was named to the Western Conference roster for the 2009 National Hockey League All-Star Game in Montreal. Weber finished the season with career-highs in all major statistical categories, including games played (81), goals (23), assists (30), points (53) and penalty minutes (80). His 23 goals set a new Predators franchise record for goals by a defenceman in a single season. Although he received no first-place votes, Weber finished fourth in the Norris Trophy voting with 186 voting points, behind winner Zdeno Chára (1,034 points) and runners-up Mike Green (982 points) and Nicklas Lidström (733 points). Weber narrowly missed being named to the NHL second All-Star team after receiving four-first place votes and 172 voting points, a single voting point behind Dan Boyle, the final defenceman selected.


title: Shea Weber

text: Entering his fifth season with the Predators, Weber continued his stellar record. At the February Olympic break, Weber accumulated 35 points in 59 games for the Predators. He also established a strong leadership role and willingness to defend his teammates, highlighted by three consecutive games in March 2010 in which he fought opposing players. Weber's offensive production slowed after the Olympic break and he finished the season with 43 points in 78 games played. Despite a decrease in offence from the previous season, Weber was a Norris Trophy candidate for the third consecutive year, receiving one first-place vote and 96 voting points to finish as the sixth runner-up behind winner Duncan Keith (1,096 points). Weber also received a single fifth-place vote, tying for 23rd with six other players in Hart Memorial Trophy voting, and was the seventh-ranked defenceman in NHL All-Star team voting with 83 voting points.


title: Shea Weber

text: On July 8, 2010, Weber was named the fifth captain in Nashville Predators history, replacing Jason Arnott, who was traded to the New Jersey Devils. He became the youngest captain in franchise history and the only Predators captain to have been drafted by the team. On January 11, 2011, Weber was among 42 players named to the 2011 NHL All-Star Game in Raleigh, North Carolina. For the first time in its history, the NHL used a fantasy draft format to select teams for the All-Star Game, and Weber was selected eighth overall by Team Lidstrom. At the game, Weber recorded four assists and was a +6, finishing the game tied with Loui Eriksson for most points and second to Nicklas Lidström for best plus-minus. Shortly after his All-Star Game appearance, Weber recorded his 200th career NHL point—an assist—in a game against the Detroit Red Wings on February 9, 2011. During his sixth season with the Predators, Weber averaged 25:19 in ice time and set career-highs in games played (82), assists (32) and shots on goal (25). Weber also contributed 3 goals and 5 points in 12 playoff games as the Predators lost to the Vancouver Canucks after advancing to the Western Conference Semifinals for the first time in their history. At the conclusion of the regular season, Weber was named one of three finalists—along with Zdeno Chára and Nicklas Lidström—for the Norris Trophy, the first finalist nomination of his career. He finished second in Norris Trophy voting, losing with 727 voting points to Lidström's 736. Weber also finished 25th in Hart Memorial Trophy voting with two fifth-place votes. For the first time in his career, Weber was voted to the NHL first All-Star team after receiving 445 voting points, second among defencemen to Lidström's 464. On July 1, 2011, Weber became a restricted free agent. However, he said he wanted to remain with the Predators. To prevent the possibility of other teams signing him to an offer sheet, the Predators filed for salary arbitration with Weber, giving the team and Weber until their hearing to negotiate a new contract. Failing to come to terms on a new contract by their hearing, Weber's case went to arbitration on August 2, the first time in NHL history a team-elected arbitration candidate had reached a hearing. The following day, he was awarded a one-year, $7.5 million contract from which the Predators could not walk away, as the team had opted for arbitration.


title: Shea Weber

text: In the first month of the 2011–12 season, Weber hit forward Jannik Hansen from behind in a game against Vancouver on October 20, 2011. While Hansen was uninjured on the play, Weber was fined $2,500 – the maximum allowable financial penalty – by the NHL the following day.


title: Shea Weber

text: In Nashville's first game of the 2012 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals, against Detroit, Weber slammed centre Henrik Zetterberg's head into the glass boards during the closing seconds of the game after being hit by Zetterberg. The force of the blow cracked Zetterberg's helmet but he suffered no injury and played in the next game. As punishment, the NHL imposed a $2,500 fine (the maximum allowable under the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement [CBA] at the time) on Weber for retaliatory action. NHL commissioner Gary Bettman was in attendance at this game. Weber finished the regular season leading all defencemen in shorthanded goals scored, with two.


title: Shea Weber

text: In the 2012 off-season, with the Predators unable to take Weber to arbitration again (a player can only be subjected to team-elected arbitration once in his career), Weber signed a front-loaded $110 million, 14-year offer sheet ($68 million of it as a signing bonus) from the Philadelphia Flyers on July 19. The offer sheet was the richest in NHL history in terms of total money, money per season, and length; surpassing the previous offer sheet record set by Thomas Vanek. Already having lost Weber's defensive partner Ryan Suter to unrestricted free agency, the Predators matched the offer sheet five days later. Following the 2012–13 NHL lockout, the CBA was changed to prevent teams from signing other players to similar deals.


title: Shea Weber

text: For the 2013–14 season, Weber led all NHL defencemen with 23 goals, which also matched his career-high. He broke Kimmo Timonen's Predator record for single-season points by a defenceman with 56 points, which also led the Predators for the season. On April 28, Weber was named a finalist for the Norris Trophy for the third time in his career; the other finalists were Zdeno Chára and Duncan Keith, the latter of which won the award. Weber finished third in voting.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber was again voted to the NHL second All-Star team for the 2014–2015 season, his fourth post-season All-Star team selection.


title: Shea Weber

text: During the 2015–16 season, Weber recorded his first career hat-trick on December 5 against the Detroit Red Wings, which was also the first-ever by a Predators defenceman. Weber would continue his goal-scoring ways, tying Paul Kariya's franchise record for power-play goals in a season with 14 and finishing with his third 20+ goal season. Weber was also named a finalist for the Mark Messier Leadership Award, which he won.


title: Shea Weber

text: On June 29, 2016, Weber was traded to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for P. K. Subban. The trade surprised many ice hockey fans because the details of this trade were kept strictly confidential until the deal was already made. Weber's first season with the Canadiens was rather successful offensively, recording 17 goals and 42 points in 78 games. In six post-season games, Weber recorded three points during the team's first-round elimination to the New York Rangers.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber only managed to skate in 26 games for Montreal the following season after suffering a tendon tear in his left foot. During the 2018–19 off-season, it was announced he was expected to be out of the Canadiens lineup until mid-December.


title: Shea Weber

text: On October 1, 2018, Weber was named the 30th captain of the Canadiens, replacing Max Pacioretty after he was traded to the Vegas Golden Knights on September 10, 2018. However, Weber did not join the Canadiens lineup until November 27 due to an injury during the offseason that required surgery. In his second game back, he scored two goals in a 5–2 win against the New York Rangers.


title: Shea Weber

text: The rest of Weber's 2020–21 season was plagued by lingering injuries. Montreal reached the playoffs, where Weber played injured. Even in those circumstances, he led the team's top defensive line and on-ice time, guiding them to a surprisingly deep playoff run that took them all the way to the Stanley Cup Finals. Montreal ended up losing to the Tampa Bay Lightning in five games. After the end of the season, Montreal's front office announced that the physical toll of Weber's injuries was too significant for him to overcome and that he would not be playing in the 2021–22 season, with the possibility of early retirement despite five years remaining on his contract.


title: Shea Weber

text: On June 16, 2022, Weber's contract was traded to the Vegas Golden Knights in exchange for Evgenii Dadonov. The Golden Knights acquired Weber's contract for purposes of salary cap relief, and there was not an expectation that he would play for the team.


title: Shea Weber

text: Throughout his career, Weber has represented Canada at several international ice hockey tournaments. His first experience with Hockey Canada came for the national junior team, when, on December 22, 2004, he was named to the roster for the 2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Grand Forks, North Dakota. There, his play with Dion Phaneuf formed the team's top defensive pair, helping Canada win its first junior gold medal since the 1997 tournament. Despite being held pointless throughout the tournament, Weber finished tied for third among plus-minus leaders with a rating of +10.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber debuted with the national senior team on April 22, 2007, accepting an invitation to join the club for the 2007 IIHF World Championship in Russia. However, his experience in this tournament was interrupted by an incident for which he was suspended three games. One minute into Canada's preliminary round game against Germany, Weber hit Yannic Seidenberg in the chin with his elbow, giving the German a concussion and sidelining him for the remainder of the tournament. After serving his suspension, Weber continued with the tournament, finishing with two points in six games, including a goal in Canada's 5–1 quarter-final victory over Switzerland. Canada went on to win the gold medal in the tournament, defeating Finland 4–2 in the final.


title: Shea Weber

text: On April 14, 2009, Weber was named to the national senior team for the 2009 IIHF World Championship in Switzerland, as one of four alternate captains. In Canada's final preliminary round game, Weber was named Canada's VIP after scoring one goal and three assists as Canada defeated Slovakia 7–3. Weber finished the tournament with four goals and eight assists for 12 points in nine games played, leading all defencemen in tournament scoring and finishing tied for third overall among all skaters. Despite being defeated by Russia 2–1 in the gold medal game, Weber was named to the tournament all-star team and was awarded the tournament's Best Defenceman award.


title: Shea Weber

text: On July 2, 2009, Weber was invited to the Canadian orientation camp for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. On December 30, 2009, he was named to the final Canadian roster for the tournament. In Canada's qualification round game against Germany, Weber scored Canada's second goal of the game in an 8–2 victory. His shot passed through the mesh net behind German goaltender Thomas Greiss and a video review was required to award the goal. Weber finished the tournament with six points in seven games, ranking second amongst defencemen in terms of scoring, and was named to the tournament's all-star team, which defeated the United States 3–2 in overtime to win the gold medal. Weber, along with his British Columbian teammates from the Olympic team, were inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in September 2011.


title: Shea Weber

text: After his Nashville Predators failed to make the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs, Weber was considered a lock for the 2013 World Championship team, but Hockey Canada deemed the cost of insuring his large NHL contract too high and ultimately did not select him.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber was named an alternate captain for Canada in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, where Canada repeated as gold medallists. He was also an alternate captain for Canada's champion team at the 2016 World Cup in Toronto.


title: Shea Weber

text: Weber has a brother, Brandon, who is two years younger than him. Brandon grew up playing hockey with Shea's former Predators teammate Cody Franson. When Weber was 14, his mother was diagnosed with brain cancer, which surgery mostly removed. However, she later began suffering from similar symptoms, and in early 2010, had a series of seizures. Weber's mother was placed in an induced coma and died on August 11, 2010.


title: Shea Weber

text: On July 20, 2013, Weber married high school sweetheart, Bailey Munro, whom he had met while playing junior hockey in Kelowna. The couple have three children together.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The American Motors Corporation (AMC) straight-6 family of engines was used in AMC passenger cars and Jeep vehicles from 1964 through 2006.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: American Motors' first straight-six engine was the . Sometimes referred to as the 196 engine, it was produced from 1952 through 1965 in both overhead valve (OHV) and flathead (L-head) side-valve versions.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 196 was originally designed to be an economy engine by Nash Motors, the company that merged with Hudson to form AMC in 1954. This engine was introduced in the 1941 Nash Ambassador 600 model. The intake and exhaust manifolds were integrated into the cylinder block casting to reduce both weight and cost. It had four main bearings, unlike the 7-main-bearing 234 flathead engine it replaced. The new flathead design had a smaller displacement, and was initially rated at . The engine combined with the new Ambassador's advanced "unitized" construction design provided better than . Using the same the same bore, this engine was enlarged 1950 to for the Nash Statesman, and finally to by using different strokes, an unusual practice given that changing forging is more expensive than changing the block casting.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: This engine was redesigned as an OHV for the 1956 model year. The flathead version was discontinued during 1956 and 1957, but reemerged in 1958 as the economy engine for the "new" Rambler American and was available through 1965. The new OHV configuration for 1956 continued with the water pump mounted the left side of the engine (driven by a shaft extending from the back of the generator). This was changed for 1957 with the water pump mounted on the front of the engine above the timing chain. When the flathead model was reintroduced it also received a new water pump. Featuring high-quality parts as forged crankshafts and connecting rods, these engines earned a reputation for durability. The flathead, however, was prone to the typical flathead problem of overheating under sustained heavy load. This was from the hot exhaust traveling through the cylinder block to the exhaust manifold.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: American Motors introduced a die-cast aluminum block version of the OHV engine in 1961. It was produced through 1964. This engine used cast-iron cylinder liners and a cast-iron head. The cylinder heads for the two types of block (aluminum and cast iron) are of similar design, but are not interchangeable. The cylinder head for the aluminum block is roughly 1/8" wider than that for the cast-iron block and uses a slightly different head bolt pattern.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 196 OHV requires more periodic maintenance than newer-model engines. The head bolts must be re-torqued (retightening process) regularly. Factory service manuals recommend that head bolt torque be checked every and to re-torque them every . With modern head gaskets this service interval can be extended to re-torque the bolts every , or every other year. The cause of the headbolts loosening over time is believed to be thermal expansion and contraction of the head due to the rather heavy design. The head expands and contracts by as much as in height during normal operation, this loosens the bolts over time and eventually will cause the seal between head and block to fail. This maintenance is also imperative to prevent the engine from overheating (the first sign of a blown head gasket) and warping or cracking the head. The cast-iron liners in the aluminum block version can also shift if the head bolts are not properly torqued and the engine is allowed to overheat. Good replacement heads and aluminum blocks for these engines are now difficult to find.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The company designed an entirely new six-cylinder with a short stroke and seven main bearing crankshaft for 1964. This design was produced in various forms through 2006. The with "Torque Command" automatic transmission, a Chrysler Torqueflite, inline six was AMC's first modern six-cylinder engine.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: To commemorate the engine's May 1964 introduction, a total of 2,520 "Typhoon" versions were made based on the Rambler Classic hardtop body. Each featured the 8.5:1 compression ratio engine, Solar Yellow body paint, a Classic Black roof, and a distinctive "Typhoon" script in place of the usual "Classic" name. All other AMC options (except engine options) were available.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The new engine replaced the Nash OHV I6 in the Classic and Ambassador for the 1965 model year (this was also the first use of a six in the Ambassador since 1956).


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: In 1966, a version finally replaced the aging OHV and L-head engines. Road tests by "Consumer Reports" described the new powerplant as "a very smooth and quiet engine, which should give good performance."


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: Both the 199 and 232 featured a bore, and either a or stroke. The 199 was discontinued in 1970; the 232 was offered alongside the (made by using a stroke crankshaft and slightly taller block) during the 1970s, but was discontinued in 1979. Increasingly stringent emission control regulations continued to decrease the engine's power output, making the smaller version inadequate as increasingly stringent safety regulations also made vehicles heavier.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 232 was produced from 1964 to 1979. The 232 was the base six-cylinder engine on many models through 1979, and even towards the end of its usage was considered reasonably modern in design.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: After its midyear 1964 introduction in the "Typhoon" two-door hardtop as part of the mid-sized Rambler Classic line, the 232 engine was adapted to fit into the smaller 1965 Rambler American by using a special short water pump, an adaptive piece also used in the 1971–1975 Jeep CJ-5. Air conditioning was available only with the older 196 engine in the American, because there wasn't space for it with the longer 232.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: Through the 1970 model year, the 232 shared a deck height with the engines. Starting in 1971, AMC raised the deck height to produce the 258, and the 232 adopted the 199's longer connecting rods and shared deck height with the 258. Bore and stroke remained the same.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: Changes for the 1976 model year included fuel economy improvements that also reduced emissions and reduced warmup time. This was accomplished by reshaped carburetor air passages that pushed the fuel efficiency of a 232-equipped AMC Gremlin to as tested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, compared to in 1975.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The engine was produced by AMC's Mexican subsidiary Vehiculos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) beginning in 1969 and was dropped after 1972, replaced with AMC's 258 for the 1973 model year onward. This was similar to a 232 in stroke with a larger bore, for an actual displacement of . It was produced in VAM's Lerma, Estado de México engine plant.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The was produced from 1971 to 1990. It featured an undersquare bore and stroke; it was otherwise similar to the 199 and 232. Starting with the 1975 model year, the bore of this engine was decreased to . This allowed both the 232 and 258 to share the same block and cylinder head, helping AMC save a little money in construction costs. This engine is considered reliable, inexpensive, and torquey. Later 258 models (starting with the 1980 model year for California AMC Concords and Spirits, 1981 for California Jeeps, California Eagles, and 49-state Concord and Spirits, as well as in 1982 for 49-state Eagles and all other applications) are equipped with AMC Computerized Engine Control (CEC) system. For 1981, as part of a weight reduction program (aluminum intake manifold, plastic rocker arm cover), the crankshaft was changed from a twelve counterweight design to four, saving approximately . This engine also found some use in farm/industrial applications such as the International Harvester 4000 swather. It had a crankshaft more balanced, with counterweights than the following Jeep HO engines, allowing for extracting more power by transforming engine.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The engine was produced by AMC's Mexican subsidiary Vehiculos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) beginning in 1971 through 1986. This was similar to a 258 in stroke, cast with a larger bore, larger than the 258, giving . All VAM 282s from 1971 through 1978 were still advertised with an output measured using the gross rating system that was last used under AMC in 1971. The 1979–1983 units were measured under the new net rating system. All units were produced in VAM's engine plant located in Lerma, Estado de México.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 282 which had a larger bore is considered the ancestor of the 4.0 stroker engine where it is common for the engine rebuilder to use an AMC 258 crankshaft in a Jeep 4.0 cylinder block – a 4.5 uses the stock AMC 258 connecting rods (with stock or .020 overbore using aftermarket pistons) while the 4.6, 4.7, and 5.0 strokers use the 258 crank but retaining the 4.0 connecting rods.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The engine was developed by AMC in just 26 months using many off the shelf components while featuring, among others, additional strength, improved combustion chamber, port setup, and cam profile. The total weight of the new engine was , only one pound more than the 258 six despite its heavier components and parts. For example, the cast aluminum valve cover featured 15 bolts, the industry's most, to achieve a positive seal.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The new engine, which was introduced in 1986 for the 1987 model year, was a further evolution of AMC's 258 six. It had a bore and a stroke giving it a displacement of . Connecting rod length was 6.125" - similar to the discontinued 199 which was phased out in 1970.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 4.0 is one of AMC's best-known engines. It was one of four AMC engines kept in production when Chrysler bought AMC in 1987. Chrysler engineers continued to refine the engine to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness. The last in the line of the AMC inline sixes, the 4.0 is regarded as one of the best Chrysler 4x4 off-road engines. A "Motor Trend" long-term test of a 1997 Cherokee XJ noted "this long-lived OHV powerplant has a reputation for getting people where they need to go" as well as "much love expressed by owners for the torquey 4.0-liter/190-horsepower inline six." The engine is known for longevity, and can sometimes go more than without rebuilding. Also, the vibration dampener (harmonic balancer) usually gives out after 300,000 miles where it is common for the rubber insulation to deteriorate where a service replacement is warranted. Described "as reliable as a block of wood" by "Popular Mechanics" and ranked first among "the ten best car engines they stopped making in the past 20 years," the 4.0 L should run 200,000 miles before a rebuild is even expected and it is also able to "suffer running conditions that'd kill most motors."


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: When introduced, the block-mounted oil filter check valve was eliminated on the 4.0 (along with the 2.5 and 4.2s manufactured after September 1986) when AMC engineers standardized their oil filters. The pre-1987 engines had an oil filter adapter with 3/4 (cylinder block end) and 13/16 threads (which used a GM oil filter common to Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Cadillac V8 engines) while the 1987-06 engines were originally fitted with a metric thread filter (later revised in 1991 for the common 3/4 threaded Mopar and Ford V8 oil filter; the oil filter adapter was redesigned where the oil filter is positioned 90 degrees offset adjacent to the starter motor - a Ford V8 oil filter can be used in place of the short filter increasing oiling capacity).


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The first 4.0L engines in 1987 had a Renix (Renault/Bendix) engine management system considered quite advanced for their time. A knock sensor allowed the ECU to control spark advance in response to fuel octane and engine load. Unfortunately, there are few scan tools capable of interfacing with the system to pull diagnostics codes. RENIX systems also have no permanent memory for diagnostics codes thus making the diagnosis of intermittent problems more difficult.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 1987 RENIX 4.0 made and . In 1988, the 4.0 received higher flowing fuel injectors, raising output to and —more power than some configurations of the Ford 302, Chevrolet 305, and Chrysler 318 V8 engines, and more than any of the Japanese 6-cylinder truck engines, but with comparable or superior fuel economy.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: In 1991, a Chrysler multi-port fuel injection system replaced the RENIX system, and the intake ports were raised approximately for a better entry radius. Chrysler also enlarged the throttle body and redesigned the intake and exhaust manifolds for more efficiency, and the fuel injectors were replaced with higher flow units. The camshaft timing was also changed. The net result was an engine that made and . Badging on most Jeeps equipped with this engine read "4.0 Litre HIGH OUTPUT." The new cam profile combined with altered computer programming eliminated the need for an EGR valve and knock sensor, but made the engine more sensitive to alterations, especially where emissions are concerned. The OEM fuel injectors used with the Mopar MPI system (manufactured by Siemens) have been known to leak fuel especially with OBDII where plugged catalytic converters are common which usually throws a P0420 code.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: Small changes were made to the cylinder head for the 1995 model year. In 1996, the engine block was redesigned for greater strength. The new block had more webbing and a stud girdle for added rigidity of the crankshaft main bearings. Engines installed in 1999 Grand Cherokees carried the "PowerTech" name that had been used intermittently in prior years and on other Chrysler truck and SUV engines. The name was subsequently passed on to 4.0s in the other Jeep models that used the engine, the Cherokee and Wrangler. The cylinder head was again changed for the 2000 model year to a more emissions-friendly design. This head was designated as "0331" in the casting number. Early 0331 heads are prone to cracking, causing coolant to contaminate the oil, which can lead to catastrophic engine failure. The head cracks in the center between #3 and #4 cylinders. The crack is usually discernible with the valve cover removed as a "milky" tan line. This condition is usually discovered before a catastrophic engine failure, but can lead there if not corrected in a timely manner. The casting was fixed in mid to late 2001, but the same casting number was retained. The "fixed" heads have "TUPY" cast in the center where the cracks used to occur. Also new for the 2000 model year, was the distributorless, coil on plug ignition system. Option code: ERH.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 4.0 engine was discontinued at the end of the 2006 model year, replaced in the redesigned 2007 JK Jeep Wrangler by Chrysler's 3.8 L OHV V6, which originated in the company's minivans.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The deck height of the AMC six cylinder block was increased by (half the rod length difference) in 1971 to allow for the longer stroke required for the 258. Only two deck heights. Tall deck is . Short should be . Tall is from a 74-76 AMC factory service manuals, prior to 1974 deck height was not printed. Deck height changed slightly over the years 1977–1982 service manuals state , the 1993 Jeep factory manual states . Deck heights may have changed to accommodate slightly different compression ratios over the years.


title: AMC straight-6 engine

text: The 1971 and older blocks use a "small" bell housing bolt pattern that is exclusive to AMC and small Nash sixes. In 1972 the bell housing bolt pattern was changed to match the AMC V8's - its final use was in 2006 when the 4.0 was phased out. Four bolts on the cylinder block are matched to the transmission bellhousing where an adapter plate serves both as a dust cover - two additional bolt holes on the transmission bellhousing used on the AMC V8 are used to secure the dust cover. The 1971 model year 258 uses the "small" pattern, the only version of the 258 to do so.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: Damian William Jones (born June 30, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Vanderbilt Commodores. Jones was selected in the first round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors with the 30th overall pick. He is a two-time NBA champion, having won both with Golden State in 2017 and 2018.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: Jones attended Scotlandville Magnet High School in Baton Rouge, Louisiana where he averaged 15.4 points, 8.0 rebounds, 4.0 blocks, and 2.0 assists as a senior. He was rated by Rivals.com as a four-star recruit and committed to Vanderbilt University.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: In three seasons at Vanderbilt, Jones averaged 13.3 points, 6.4 rebounds, 1.69 blocks and 27.2 minutes in 99 games, garnering first-team All-SEC honors as both a sophomore and junior. Jones hit 56.6 percent from the field during his collegiate career, the third-best mark in Vanderbilt history, while finishing second on the school's all-time blocks list (167). As a junior in 2015–16, Jones averaged 13.9 points, 6.9 rebounds and 1.64 blocks in 33 games, helping Vanderbilt to their first NCAA Tournament berth since 2011–12.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: While working out with the Orlando Magic in the lead up to the draft, Jones suffered a torn pectoral muscle in his right arm, which required surgery. Despite this, Jones was selected by the Golden State Warriors with the 30th overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft. He signed with the Warriors on July 13, and made his NBA debut on December 10 against the Memphis Grizzlies. On February 1, 2017, in his first game for the Warriors at Oracle Arena, Jones scored his first career NBA points in a 126–111 win over the Charlotte Hornets. He appeared in 10 regular-season games and four playoff games during the 2016–17 season. The Warriors were crowned champions in 2017 after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–1 in the NBA Finals. The 2017–18 season saw Jones appear in 15 regular-season games and four playoff games, as the Warriors returned to the NBA Finals, where they won their second straight championship. During his first two seasons, he received multiple assignments to the Santa Cruz Warriors, Golden State's G League affiliate.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: Jones became the starting center for the Warriors in 2018–19, starting in 22 of the Warriors' first 24 games. On December 1, 2018, he suffered a torn left pectoral muscle in a 111–102 loss to the Detroit Pistons. He initially was ruled out for the season after undergoing surgery to repair the muscle. He returned to action during the Western Conference Finals. The Warriors went on to reach the 2019 NBA Finals, where they lost to the Toronto Raptors in six games.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: On July 8, 2019, Jones, along with a 2026 second-round pick, was traded to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Omari Spellman.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: On November 30, 2020, Jones signed a 2-year deal with the Phoenix Suns. In 14 games, he averaged 1.6 points and 1.3 rebounds per game. On February 23, 2021, Jones was waived by the Suns.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: On February 26, 2021, Jones signed a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Lakers. On March 11, the Lakers signed him to a second 10-day contract.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: On April 7, 2021, Jones signed a 10-day contract with the Sacramento Kings and ten days later, he signed a second one. On April 28, he signed a multi-year deal with the Kings after appearing in six games, including two starts.


title: Damian Jones (basketball)

text: The son of David and Dana Jones, he has two brothers, Darian and Darryl. Jones majored in engineering science.


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: Chris Conrad is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Jason in "Young Hercules", Dennis McClaren in "Patriot", and Eric McGowen in "The Next Karate Kid".


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: Conrad spent a year studying at the Piven Theatre Workshop, then signed with an agent and moved to Los Angeles with his brother Steven, who was in the process of selling the script for "Wrestling Ernest Hemingway". His early movie roles were in "Airborne" and "The Next Karate Kid". His breakout television role was in the 1998 series "Young Hercules", in which he appeared in 37 episodes as Young Jason.


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: In 2000, Conrad returned home to Florida to finish college, he graduated from Florida Atlantic University with a bachelor's degree in history. He then taught high school and coached football but returned to Los Angeles in 2005 to pursue acting. He returned to television with a one-time appearances in "Bones" and "Criminal Minds".


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: He has appeared in some of his brother's productions, including "Patriot" and "Perpetual Grace, LTD".


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: Conrad originally was cast as Adrian Chase / Vigilante for the streaming series "Peacemaker", the first DC Extended Universe television show. However, he left the series over creative differences after filming five-and-a-half episode; director James Gunn recast the role with Freddie Stroma, reshooting or redubbing all of Conrad's scenes.


title: Chris Conrad (actor)

text: In his free time, Conrad trains in kickboxing, wrestling, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu; he holds a purple belt in Machado jiu-jitsu.


title: The Last Vermeer

text: The Last Vermeer is a 2019 American drama film directed by Dan Friedkin from a screenplay by John Orloff (under the pen name James McGee), Mark Fergus, and Hawk Ostby. It is based on the 2008 book "The Man Who Made Vermeers" by Jonathan Lopez, and tells the story of Han van Meegeren (played by Guy Pearce), an art maker who swindles millions of dollars from the Nazis, alongside Dutch Resistance fighter Joseph Piller (Claes Bang).


title: The Last Vermeer

text: The film had its worldwide release at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 20, 2020, by Sony Pictures Releasing.


title: The Last Vermeer

text: "The Last Vermeer" follows "Dutch folk hero Han van Meegeren (Guy Pearce) who swindled millions of dollars from the art world including the Nazis by selling them forgeries of Johannes Vermeer paintings and is considered the most successful art forger of all time."


title: The Last Vermeer

text: On April 25, 2018, it was announced that Imperative Entertainment had begun production on "Lyrebird", a film directed by Dan Friedkin and produced by Ridley Scott from a screenplay by James McGee, Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby. The film is Friedkin's directorial debut.


title: The Last Vermeer

text: Alongside the film's initial announcement, it was confirmed that Guy Pearce, Claes Bang, Vicky Krieps, and Roland Møller had been cast in film's lead roles. Principal photography for the film was underway by April 2018, taking place in the United Kingdom and Holland. On May 22, 2018, filming took place at Fort Widley in Portsmouth, England. In April and August 2018, filming took place in Dordrecht and Schiedam, Netherlands.


title: The Last Vermeer

text: The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2019. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2019. Prior to, Sony Pictures Classics acquired distribution rights to the film. It was scheduled to be released on May 22, 2020, but was pulled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was then released on November 20, 2020, with TriStar Pictures distributing instead of Sony Pictures Classics.


title: The Last Vermeer

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critics consensus reads: "Led by a skilled performance from Guy Pearce, "The Last Vermeer" derives diverting drama from its historically inspired wartime story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by PostTrak gave the film an average 4 out of 5 stars.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Athens is a city and the county seat of Athens County, Ohio. The population was 23,849 at the 2020 census. Located along the Hocking River within Appalachian Ohio about southeast of Columbus, Athens is best known as the home of Ohio University, a large public research university with an undergraduate and graduate enrollment of more than 21,000 students. It is the principal city of the Athens micropolitan area.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The first permanent European settlers arrived in Athens in 1797, more than a decade after the United States victory in the American Revolutionary War. In 1800, the town site was first surveyed and plotted and incorporated as a village in 1811. Ohio had become a state in 1803. Ohio University was chartered in 1804, the first public institution of higher learning in the Northwest Territory. Previously part of Washington County, Ohio, Athens County was formed in 1805, named for the ancient center of learning, Athens, Greece.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Ohio University in Athens was established with the first federal endowment of an educational institution in the United States. In July 1787, the Congress of the Confederation gave to the Ohio Company of Associates "two townships of good land for the support of a literary institution" in the newly created Northwest Territory.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: During The First Session of the Second Territorial General Assembly, held in Chillicothe from November 23, 1801, to January 23, 1802, the General Assembly passed an act establishing the "American Western University" at Athens. The act was approved by Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory on January 9, 1802. However, no university with the name of American Western University would be established. Ohio became a state in 1803 and on February 18, 1804, the state legislature passed an act establishing the "Ohio University" in the town of Athens. Athens received city status in 1912, following the 1910 census showing the population had passed 5,000 residents, the requirement for city status in Ohio.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Originally, large tracts of land in Athens and Alexander Townships were set aside through a contract between the Congress (under the Articles of Confederation) and the Ohio Company of Associates, a group of American Revolutionary War veterans. These lands were given to Ohio University by the Federal government. This was the first federal land grant for a university, pre-dating the Morrill Act by more than 70 years. At first, lands were mostly leased out, but the failure of many lessors to pay their rents resulted in most of the land being sold. The sale of these lands funded the growth of Ohio University. Today it is one of the largest institutions of higher learning in Ohio, with an enrollment of over 20,000 on the Athens campus and over 28,000 for all campuses.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The earliest industry in the area was salt production, followed by iron production and coal extraction. The largest employer in the county is Ohio University. In 1843, the Hocking Canal opened, enabling shipping from the Ohio River up the Hocking River, which passes through Athens, to Nelsonville, Ohio, and points beyond. However, the canal was closed during cold winters when it froze over.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The first railroad reached Athens in 1857. In the late 19th century, an interurban line opened between Athens and Nelsonville and operated for some years. The Athens Lunatic Asylum, later named the Athens State Hospital, opened in 1874. This was on high ground to the south of town and to the south of the Hocking River. In the late 19th century the hospital was the town's largest employer. The state hospital was eventually decommissioned and the property was deeded to Ohio University. It is now known as The Ridges. Much of the building space has been renovated for offices and research space, and most of the grounds have been set aside as open space, including a land lab.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: In 1904, the U. S. Army and the Ohio National Guard conducted joint training exercises near the city. Multiple US army regulars became drunk and were arrested by National Guard Provosts for causing disturbances. The arrests angered the regulars; on Friday a large contingent set out from camp to free an arrested comrade. The armed regulars were stopped by provosts and the ensuing quarrel quickly escalated into a shoot-out on Washington Street, during which one guardsman was killed and five others were wounded.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: By 1935, Athens was known as a coal and fruit-producing region and a state center of higher education and psychiatric care. The major manufactured goods included stoves, lumber, parquetry flooring, caskets, and flooring.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The university (and in turn, the city) saw large growth during the post-World War Two era and again during the Vietnam War era. Growth slowed in the 1980s with small increases in growth into present times.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Athens is located in the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau about 47 miles from Chillicothe and 35 miles west of Marietta. Athens is surrounded by hills that rise about three hundred feet from river valley to the narrow ridge tops. The county extends west from the Ohio River, mostly centered around the lower Hocking River watershed.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of , of which (or 97.81%) is land and (or 2.19%) is water. Large sections of Athens and Ohio University are located in the floodplain of the Hocking River. Over the last two centuries the town suffered from many destructive floods, including notable floods in 1832, 1873, 1907, 1937, 1949, 1964 and 1968. In 1969 the Army Corps of Engineers completed a major work that rerouted and expanded the channel of the Hocking River, for a stretch of several miles around the town, moving the river hundreds of feet to the south. That project and the ongoing efforts to maintain the channel have greatly reduced the negative effects of seasonally high river levels.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Athens is located mostly on and around a south-jutting ridge bordered by a loop in the Hocking River. The underlying geology is mostly sandstone and shale, including "redbed" shale that presents a severe slip hazard when structures are built over it on hillsides. However, there are safe zones above sandstone beds, most notably the Connelsville Sandstone that outcrops high on the hillsides. The old Athens Mental Hospital grounds (now part of the university) was built on the top of a hillside in the late 1860s, and is completely stable due to its position atop the hill rather than on a slope. The recent University Courtyard Apartments is also built on similar underlying geology across a small valley, but the hilltop was extensively removed in order to create a stable base. The city receives all its water supply from wells in unconsolidated river aquifers, and is reputed to be the largest city in the United States to do so.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 23,832 people, 6,903 households, and 1,842 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 7,391 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.4% White, 4.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 6.1% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: There were 6,903 households, of which 11.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 20.5% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 73.3% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.74.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The median age in the city was 21.6 years. 5.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 67.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.4% were from 25 to 44; 7.9% were from 45 to 64; and 4.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 21,342 people, 6,271 households, and 1,906 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,560.4 people per square mile (988.0/km). There were 6,715 housing units at an average density of 805.6 per square mile (310.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 89.16% White, 3.82% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 4.47% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: There were 6,271 households, out of which 12.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 22.9% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 69.6% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.72.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: In the city the population was spread out, with 6.7% under the age of 18, 66.7% from 18 to 24, 13.7% from 25 to 44, 8.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: The median income for a household in the city was $17,122, and the median income for a family was $53,391. Males had a median income of $35,849 versus $28,866 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,061. About 14.8% of families and 51.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: From the mid-1800s until the 1950s, coal and brick-making were major sources of employment in the county. They became a minor source after the best and most available coal had been extracted and cheaper brick-making became available outside the area. A former manufacturing company was the Midget Motors Corporation, makers of the small automobile, the King Midget.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Ohio University is the largest employer in Athens County. In addition to direct employment through the University, much of the local economy depends on tourism and events related to the University, through local restaurants, bars, stores and hotels. Manufacturing and technology related businesses, including Quidel Corporation (formerly Diagnostic Hybrids), Stewart-MacDonald, Sunpower, Mitchell Electronics, Fastenall, and Gorman-Redlich.


title: Athens, Ohio

text: Since the 1970s Athens has earned a reputation as one of the more progressive (liberal) communities in Southeastern Ohio. That reputation includes Democratic political leaning, presence of some international communities, support for use of alternative energy, calling for 'smart growth' development, development of small farms emphasizing sustainable and organic-produced crops, and support for local businesses. The Athens Farmers Market is open year-round.