title: Agnipath Scheme

text: Student organization like Students' Federation of India (SFI) organised took massive rallies and protests in several parts of country against the alleged anti youth scheme. There were protests in Delhi, UP, Haryana, Rajasthan and other parts of the country. SFI along with Democratic Youth Federation of India have called for a protests at Jantar mantar on 19 June.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: On 19 June, Virendra Kumar, Chief Public relations officer, East Central Railway, told media that estimates of the damage to property are still being made, but approximately upwards of Rs 700 crore property has been damaged. He also said that five trains, 60 coaches and 11 engines have been burnt, railway is preparing a full report for the damage caused to property. In Karnataka, Police lathi-charged "Agnipath" protesters in Karnataka's Dharwad. Anti-'Agnipath' protests were also reported from other parts of Karnataka, such as Gokak and Belgaum districts. Patna District magistrate said 23 FIRs were registered and 147 arrests were made. He alleged the involvement of 3 coaching centres in the protests. Ludhiana Police termed the protests "planned conspiracy" as the Ludhiana Railway station was vandalised.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: Congress leader Kanhaiya Kumar called the new military recruitment scheme, "a scam" but added that the protests against it should be peaceful.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: On 20 June, a country wide strike named "Bharat Bandh" was called by the protesting organisations demanding a roll back of the scheme. The call was made on social media without naming any organisation. More than 600 trains were cancelled due to the strike. The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway saw heavy traffic jams following a call for Bharat Bandh against the recruitment scheme. In Faridabad and Noida, prohibitory orders had been imposed that prohibit the assembly of four or more persons. Massive jams was seen on the expressway near the Sarhaul border as Delhi Police checked vehicles. Internet services were shut down in more than 20 districts of Bihar


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: In Jharkhand, all schools were closed and heavy security was deployment in state on calls for a bandh. In Karnataka, holiday was announced for 75 educational institutions on the wake Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the state. Some attributed it to security concerns due to the ongoing protests and calls for a bandh. Section 144 was imposed in some parts of the state of Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. In Jammu and Kashmir, Aam Aadmi Party leader Mehraj Malik put under house arrest. Government of Bihar suspended Internet in 20 districts amid protests. Meanwhile, it enhanced the securities of BJP offices in 11 districts. The Bihar Police deployed Sashastra Seema Bal personnel at the offices of BJP to prevent any untoward incidents.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: 21 June onwards several protest marches were held in multiple cities. Samyukt Kisan Morcha has supported the protests and planned protest meetings between 7–14 August.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: 3 pleas were filed in the Supreme Court of India in June by Advocates M. L. Sharma, Vishal Tiwari and Harsh Ajay Singh against the Agnipath scheme. Sharma alleged that the government has quashed the century-old selection process for the Armed forces which is contrary to the constitutional provisions and without having parliamentary approval.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: A plea, filed in the apex court by Advocate M. L. Sharma, has sought to quash the June 14 notification/press note claiming it to be illegal and unconstitutional. M. L. Sharma alleged that on June 14, 2022, contrary to the constitutional provisions and without having approval in parliament and without any gazette notification, the Centre tinkered with the century-old Army selection process and imposed the scheme for recruitment in all three Armed forces divisions. The plea also referred to the protest all over the country against the scheme. The plea has also sought directions to the Centre and Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Haryana, and Rajasthan governments to submit a status report on the violent protests. It has sought a direction to set up an expert committee under the chairmanship of a retired apex court judge to examine the scheme and its impact on national security and Army.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: On 6 July, a fresh plea was filed in the Supreme Court by ex-servicemen Ravindra Singh Shekhawat. He has sought quashing of notification issued by the Ministry of Defence, contending it as illegal, unconstitutional, and ultra vires to the rights guaranteed under the Constitution. He said, "The recently launched scheme has received skepticism nationwide from the armed forces aspirants and has left several questions unanswered. Some of the concerns are related to the aspirants who were in the middle/final stages of their recruitment process.This abrupt change in the recruitment process has evoked several unforeseeable circumstances for the aspirants and has put their futures at stake/in the dark. The scheme fails to accommodate the individuals who have been preparing for the armed forces for the last many years and have not been able to participate in the recruitment process due to lack of vacancies due to COVID-19," the plea said. Plea also sought direction to initiate a 'Pilot project', to study the cause and effect of the scheme, and the impact of the newly introduced training process on combat effectiveness, operational readiness, and defence preparedness.


title: Agnipath Scheme

text: On the same day, a petition was also moved before the Delhi High Court by various candidates shortlisted as Airmen in Indian Air Force seeking issuance of enrolment list and completion of previous recruitment as per a 2019 notification, without being affected by Centre's new Agnipath recruitment scheme for armed forces. A division bench consisting of Justice Suresh Kumar Kait and Justice Saurabh Banarjee deferred the petition for two weeks in view of the pendency of a similar matter before the Supreme Court. Filed through Advocate Prashant Bhushan, the plea has been moved by 20 candidates awaiting their enrolment as Airmen in Indian Air Force in Group "X" trades (except education instructor trade) and Group "Y" trades (except automobile technician), Indian Air Force (Security), Indian Air Force (Police) and musician trades.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Pandemic is a cooperative board game designed by Matt Leacock and first published by Z-Man Games in the United States in 2008. "Pandemic" is based on the premise that four diseases have broken out in the world, each threatening to wipe out a region. The game accommodates two to four players, each playing one of seven possible roles: dispatcher, medic, scientist, researcher, operations expert, contingency planner, or quarantine specialist. Through the combined effort of all the players, the goal is to discover all four cures before any of several game-losing conditions are reached.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Three expansions, "Pandemic: On the Brink", "Pandemic: In the Lab", and "Pandemic: State of Emergency", co-designed by Matt Leacock and Tom Lehmann, each add several new roles and special events, as well as rule adjustments to allow a fifth player or to play in teams. In addition, several rule expansions are included, referred to as "challenge kits".


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic" is considered one of the most successful cooperative games that have reached mainstream market sales, condensing the type of deep strategy offered by earlier cooperative games, like "Arkham Horror", into a game that can be played in a limited time by a broader range of players.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Aside from expansions, several spinoffs have been released, most notably the "Pandemic Legacy" series, which encompasses three seasons (Season 1, Season 2 and Season 0), which adds an ongoing storyline and permanent changes to the game. The "Pandemic Legacy" games have been received with critical acclaim, with "Season 1" ranking 2nd place on BoardGameGeek out of approximately 22,000 games.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Leacock began designing the game in 2004 after realizing that competitive games were making for strained evenings with his wife. He based the Pandemic board game on the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The goal of "Pandemic" is for the players, in their randomly selected roles, to work cooperatively to stop the spread of four diseases and cure them before a pandemic occurs.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The game consists of a game board representing a network connecting 48 cities on a world map, two decks of cards (Player cards and Infection cards), four colors of cubes with 24 cubes each (each representing a different disease), six Research Stations, and a pawn for each role. The Player cards include cards with each city name (the same as those on the board); Event cards, which can be played at any time (except for some events in expansions) to give the players an advantage; and Epidemic cards. Infection cards consist of one card for each city on the board and a color of the disease that will start there.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: At the start of the game, Infection cards are randomly drawn to populate the board with infections, from one to three cubes for a number of cities. Players start at Atlanta, the home of the Centers for Disease Control, and are given a random role and a number of Player cards based on the number of players.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: On each player's turn, there are four actions to take up, consisting of any combination of the eight possible actions (some of which require cards, including curing). After taking their actions, the player draws two Player cards, reducing their hand down to seven cards if necessary. If either draw is an Epidemic card, the player moves the Infection rate marker one space, draws a card from the bottom of the Infection deck and places three cubes on that city, puts that card into the Infection discard pile, reshuffles the discard pile, and places it back on top of the Infection deck (so that cards just drawn will come out again soon, unless another Epidemic follows shortly after). After the two Player cards are drawn (Epidemic or otherwise), a number of Infection cards are revealed (increasing throughout the game and corresponding to the Infection rate marker), and one cube of the indicated color is placed on each city drawn. Should a city already have three cubes and a new cube is to be added, an Outbreak occurs, and each interconnected city gains one cube of that color. This can create a chain reaction across many cities if several already have three disease cubes on them. After the infections are resolved, the player on the left has a turn.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The game is over if the players either win (by discovering the cure for all four diseases) or lose (by having 8 outbreaks, not having enough disease cubes of a color to place at any time, or not having enough Player cards when someone needs to draw).


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: To aid in winning the game, players are given roles that allow them to alter the above rules. Five roles were introduced in the original core game, with 7 in the 2nd edition, but additional roles were added through the game's expansion. For example, the Medic is able to treat all cubes in a city with a single action or, once a cure for a disease has been found, can remove cubes of that color in the city he is in without spending an action, while the Scientist needs only four cards of the same color to discover the cure (instead of 5). The players are also helped by the Event cards, which allow for similar one-time actions, such as direct removal of a few disease cubes or immediate construction of a research station.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic" requires all players to coordinate their efforts to win the game, specifically in gathering and sharing the necessary cards to discover cures while moving in coordination around the board and preventing Outbreaks in an efficient manner. However, a criticism of the game, dubbed "quarterbacking" is that there is a tendency for one player – the "alpha gamer" – to control the game. However, this is not limited to Pandemic – other cooperative board games can also suffer from quarterbacking.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: In 2009 the first official expansion was released, featuring several new roles, rules variants for a fifth player, new Special Event cards, and new challenges for the players.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: There are eight Role Cards in this expansion, including a revised Operation Expert card and a Bio-Terrorist card, which pits one player against the rest of the team.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The challenges include a fifth disease, Mutation, which must be cured or not present at the game board when the players score for victory. Another challenge is the Virulent Strain, which makes one disease particularly deadly, replacing standard Epidemic cards with new ones. Each such card represents a special nasty effect that this particular epidemic has on the game play.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: A second expansion was released in the summer of 2013, with a new game board that allows players to research disease cures in a laboratory. The goal of this activity is the same as in the base game—to find cures for diseases—but this time with an added research aspect. Players can also use new characters and new special events included with the expansion. In addition, it added a one-player mode and a team play mode, in which teams of two compete to be the most effective team. "In the Lab" requires both "Pandemic" and "On the Brink" to play, and also requires replacement decks if using the first editions of "Pandemic" and "On the Brink".


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: A third expansion, released in March 2015, adds new roles and events and three new challenges: The Hinterlands, where animals spread diseases to human; Emergency Events, in which unpredicted events have a negative effect on the game; and Superbug, where a fifth disease is introduced that cannot be treated. The expansion is compatible with the two previous expansions, but neither is required. The purple disease cubes included with "State of Emergency" make the set included in "On the Brink" redundant.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Z-man Games has released free-to-download scenarios, with changes to the base game. Various scenarios are set to be released. , scenarios "Isolation" and "Government Shutdown" have been published.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: A second edition of "Pandemic" was released in 2013, with new artwork and two new characters: the Contingency Planner and the Quarantine Specialist. Some prints of the second edition had an error with a missing line between Lagos and São Paulo and edge-to-edge printing on cards.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: In July 2018 a 10-year Anniversary Edition was released. This edition includes detailed miniatures representing the individual roles, updated role cards, a larger board, and wooden disease cubes. All components contained in a metal box made to represent a first aid kit from the early 20th century. This edition is a remake of the original game, but includes additional room within the box to hold expansions.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The "Pandemic base replacement deck" updates the first edition of "Pandemic" to its second edition. It has been discontinued.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Compatibility pack #2" updates the first edition of the "On the Brink" expansion to its second edition. It has been discontinued.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The "In the Lab" expansion (released after the second editions of "Pandemic" and "On the Brink") requires the second edition(s), or the first edition(s) along with its compatibility pack(s).


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Six spinoffs or alternate versions of "Pandemic" have been released by Z-Man Games, all of which are stand-alone games and are not compatible with the original or with each other.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Released in 2014, "Pandemic: The Cure" is a dice-based game that uses a similar rule set to the original board game but strips down the number of cities and leaves the outcome of turns up to chance via dice rolls. An expansion to the game, "Pandemic: The Cure - Experimental Meds", was released in November 2016, adding a fifth disease and a new hot zone mechanism.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic: Contagion" is a card-based version of the game, first released at Spiel 2014, that puts players in the role of the diseases and, unlike in the base game, the players do not cooperate. The object of the game is to eradicate the human race by spreading infections.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic: Reign of Cthulhu", designed by Matt Leacock and Chuck Yager, was released at GenCon 2016. In this version of the game, players battle against occultists to prevent the summoning of the monster Cthulhu.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic Survival" is not a single game, but instead a series of separate historical games covering a local area instead of the whole globe.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic: Rapid Response" is a real-time cooperative game set in the "Pandemic" universe, released in 2019 and designed by Kane Klenko. In "Rapid Response," players take on the role of an international crisis response team tasked with delivering essential supplies to cities affected by natural disasters. Players roll dice and allocate the results to various actions, including producing resources, piloting the plane towards affected cities, recycling the waste created by producing resources, and dropping off finished supplies in the cities that need them. The game takes place in real time, with the game briefly pausing and a new city being added after a two-minute timer expires. Players win by delivering relief to all cities and lose by running out of time or creating too much waste.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: "Pandemic: Hot Zone - North America" was released in July 2020. In "Hot Zone - North America" players assume the role of a disease control unit and must discover the cure for three deadly diseases in North America.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The "New Scientist" listed "Pandemic" as one of "9 of the best board games to play for fans of science and tech". The game has been met with positive critical and commercial reviews including winning the 2009 Golden Geek Best Family Board Game and nominated for the 2009 Spiel des Jahres. "Pandemic" has been described as a "modern classic" with a "simple and compelling" design by "Ars Technica". "The Guardian" also praised the theme, stating that "Sam Illingworth has used "<nowiki>[Pandemic: Iberia]</nowiki>" to help teach schoolchildren about the different causes of disease and the importance of water purification", and suggests that it has “a brilliant central message that it’s not just one scientist in a lab, fighting disease, it’s lots of people working together”. A review from the "Pyramid" also praised the cooperative nature of the game. "Pandemic" was commercially successful, with approximately two million copies sold, and its popularity also increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: The "Pandemic Legacy" games have also received critical acclaim. "Season 1" has been described as a "leap forward in modern board game design", and "the best board game ever created", and is the second highest rated board game of all time on the influential BoardGameGeek website, having occupied the highest rank for several years. The Guardian has claimed that "this may be the best board game ever created", BoardGameTheories stresses that its strategic depth is increased significantly because players have to balance the interest of the current game with that of the overall campaign while making decisions, and Board Games Land described the game as "smart, dramatic and thematic, designed to create those memorable moments full of emotional highs and lows only a handful board games can match". "Pandemic Legacy: Season 2" and "Pandemic Legacy Season 0" have also been met with critical success, with The Opinionated Gamers describing the discovery system as 'brilliant' and the gameplay to be "the best version of Pandemic I’ve played". Ars Technica also praised the game's legacy format as 'immeasurably satisfying and stating that the "clever innovations boost almost every aspect of play". "Pandemic Legacy Season 2" was awarded five stars by Board Game Quest, with its legacy campaign praised as allowing "a level of engagement that isn’t available in other games". Furthermore, "Pandemic Legacy Season 0" has also been received positively, described as a '"flawless finale" Both of the subsequent seasons rank among the top 100 games of all time on BoardGameGeek.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: In 2013, an iOS version entitled "Pandemic: The Board Game" was released by Asmodee Digital. The digital game was ported to PC five years later and released via Steam. As of January 2022, Pandemic is no longer purchasable on Steam.


title: Pandemic (board game)

text: Leacock is developing "Daybreak", a tabletop game about the global response to climate change with gameplay similar in premise to "Pandemic".


title: Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom

text: The Government of the United Kingdom is divided up into departments. These, according to the government, are responsible for putting government policy into practice. There are currently 23 ministerial departments, 20 non-ministerial departments and 419 agencies and other public bodies.


text: Ministerial departments are generally the most high-profile government departments and differ from the other two types of government departments in that they include ministers.


text: Non-ministerial departments are headed by civil servants and usually have a regulatory or inspection function.


title: Edda

text: "Edda" (; Old Norse "Edda", plural "Eddur") is an Old Norse term that has been attributed by modern scholars to the collective of two Medieval Icelandic literary works: what is now known as the "Prose Edda" and an older collection of poems without an original title now known as the "Poetic Edda". The term historically referred only to the "Prose Edda", but this has fallen out of use because of the confusion with the other work. Both works were written down in Iceland during the 13th century in Icelandic, although they contain material from earlier traditional sources, reaching into the Viking Age. The books are the main sources of medieval skaldic tradition in Iceland and Norse mythology.


title: Edda

text: The "Poetic Edda", also known as "Sæmundar Edda" or the "Elder Edda", is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius ("Royal Book"). Along with the "Prose Edda", the "Poetic Edda" is the most expansive source on Norse mythology. The first part of the Codex Regius preserves poems that narrate the creation and foretold destruction and rebirth of the Old Norse mythological world as well as individual myths about gods concerning Norse deities. The poems in the second part narrate legends about Norse heroes and heroines, such as Sigurd, Brynhildr and Gunnar.


title: Edda

text: It consists of two parts. The first part has 10 songs about gods, and the second one has 19 songs about heroes.


title: Edda

text: The Codex Regius was written in the 13th century, but nothing is known of its whereabouts until 1643, when it came into the possession of Brynjólfur Sveinsson, then the Church of Iceland's Bishop of Skálholt. At that time, versions of the "Prose Edda" were well known in Iceland, but scholars speculated that there once was another "Edda"—an "Elder Edda"—which contained the pagan poems Snorri quotes in his book. When the Codex Regius was discovered, it seemed that this speculation had proven correct. Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest. While this attribution is rejected by modern scholars, the name "Sæmundar Edda" is still sometimes encountered.


title: Edda

text: Bishop Brynjólfur sent the "Codex Regius" as a present to King Christian IV of Denmark, hence the name "Codex Regius". For centuries it was stored in the Royal Library in Copenhagen but in 1971 it was returned to Iceland.


title: Edda

text: The "Prose Edda", sometimes referred to as the "Younger Edda" or "Snorri's Edda", is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories. Its purpose was to enable Icelandic poets and readers to understand the subtleties of alliterative verse, and to grasp the mythological allusions behind the many kennings that were used in skaldic poetry.


title: Edda

text: It was written by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around 1220. It survives in four known manuscripts and three fragments, written down from about 1300 to about 1600.


title: Edda

text: The "Prose Edda" consists of a Prologue and three separate books: "Gylfaginning", concerning the creation and foretold destruction and rebirth of the Norse mythical world; "Skáldskaparmál", a dialogue between Ægir, a Norse god connected with the sea, and Bragi, the skaldic god of poetry; and "Háttatal", a demonstration of verse forms used in Norse mythology.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Final Cut Pro, previously Final Cut Pro X, is a professional non-linear video editing software published by Apple Inc. as part of their Pro Apps family of software programs. It was released on June 21, 2011 for sale in the Mac App Store. It is the successor to Final Cut Pro. It was renamed "Final Cut Pro" in November 2020, coinciding with the release of macOS Big Sur.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Final Cut Pro X shares some of both its code and interface design philosophy with Apple's consumer video editing software, iMovie.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: While inheriting the name from its predecessor, Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Pro X is a completely re-written application. As a native 64-bit application it takes advantage of more than 4GB of RAM. It utilizes all CPU cores with Grand Central Dispatch. Open CL support allows GPU accelerated processing for improved performance for playback, rendering, and transcoding. It is resolution-independent, supporting images sizes from SD to beyond 4K. Final Cut Pro X supports playback of many native camera and audio formats. It can also transcode video clips to the Apple ProRes codec for improved performance. Many tasks are performed in the background such as auto-saving, rendering, transcoding, and media management, allowing the user an uninterrupted experience. Final Cut Pro X was developed for macOS only.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Final Cut Pro X was made available for purchase and download on the Mac App Store on June 21, 2011 along with new versions of Motion and Compressor. The application was later updated a few times each year with new features, bug fixes, native codec support, and overall improvements with stability.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Many features found in Final Cut Pro 7 that were missing in Final Cut Pro X on its initial release have subsequently been added such as: XML import and export, server support, multicam editing, chapter markers, and broadcast monitor support.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Because Final Cut Pro X abandoned a track-based timeline in favor of the Magnetic Timeline initially there were limitations in exporting audio stems for broadcast and distribution needs. On September 9, 2011 version 10.0.1 was released with a new solution to this problem, the introduction of Video and Audio Roles. Clips are assigned roles and upon sharing a project the user could export multitrack Quicktime files or stems. AAF export is done with a third-party app called X2Pro which uses FCPXML. Another method is to use Logic Pro X to make an AAF.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: With version 10.0.6 released on October 23, 2012, Apple introduced native Redcode Raw support as well as MXF support through a third party plugin. MXF was eventually natively supported by version 10.1.4.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Prior to the introduction of version 10.1.0 Project and Event Libraries were separate folders. Events contained all the original media and Project Libraries contained the actual edited Projects on timelines. The Project and Event Libraries were stored in a user's Movie folder or on the root level of an external hard drive. These Libraries automatically opened in Final Cut Pro X depending on which hard drives were mounted. That all changed on December 19, 2013, when Project and Event Libraries were merged into a new Library model. Libraries contained Events which in turn contained Projects. And unlike before Libraries could be opened and closed by the user. Media could be stored internally in the Library or kept outside the Library. On June 27, 2014 media management was further refined with the release of version 10.1.2.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: During the NAB Show 2015 Apple released version 10.2.0. 3D Titles were introduced directly in Final Cut Pro X as well as its companion application, Motion. The Color Board merged with a new Color Correction effect to allow for more flexibility in stacking layers of effects. The ability to apply a Keying or Shape Mask directly to any effect was also introduced.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Version 10.3 introduced an entirely new interface and an improved magnetic timeline. Support for iXML metadata when importing audio. Audio editing vastly improved. Audio roles can be shown in lanes. REC 2020 color import, edit, and export. MXF support.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Version 10.4.0 introduced color wheels and color curves, 360º video editing and High Dynamic Range (HDR) video.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: During the NAB Show 2018 Apple released version 10.4.1. Closed Captioning was introduced as well as support for ProRes RAW. Version 10.4.1 requires Mac OS version 10.13.2 High Sierra.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Final Cut Pro X was announced in April 2011 simultaneously at the Los Angeles Final Cut Pro Users Group held at Bally's Las Vegas and at the NAB Show in the Las Vegas Convention Center and released in June 2011.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: The reaction was extremely mixed, with veteran film editor Walter Murch initially saying, "I can't use this," citing a lack of features compared to Final Cut Pro 7. In a 2015 interview, Murch was much less critical of the tool and suggested that he was interested in using it.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Missing features and issues noted as essential to professional video production in FCPX included lack of edit decision list (EDL), XML and Open Media Framework Interchange (OMF) support, inability to import projects created in previous releases of Final Cut Pro, a lack of a multicam editing tool, third-party I/O hardware output, and videotape capture being limited to Firewire video devices only, including capture with third-party hardware, were addressed within the first six months of the product's life. EDL export, a product of the early days of videotape editing, is now supported through third-party software and creating an AAF (a newer version of OMF) for passing projects to Pro Tools through X2Pro.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Since then, in some people's opinions, some of Final Cut Pro X's initial shortcomings have been fixed.


title: Final Cut Pro X

text: Since its release, FCP X has supported the construction of effect, transition, and title plugins by publishing custom-built effects from Apple Motion. This has led to a third-party ecosystem of developers building effects from simple color corrections to complex templates. Third-party plug-ins can also be created through Apple's FxPlug SDK. As Projects, Events, and Libraries are stored in a database format; this has allowed many third-party developers to build workflow tools by utilizing FCPXML.


title: Engineering fit

text: Engineering fits are generally used as part of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing when a part or assembly is designed. In engineering terms, the "fit" is the clearance between two mating parts, and the size of this clearance determines whether the parts can, at one end of the spectrum, move or rotate independently from each other or, at the other end, are temporarily or permanently joined. Engineering fits are generally described as a "shaft and hole" pairing, but are not necessarily limited to just round components. ISO is the internationally accepted standard for defining engineering fits, but ANSI is often still used in North America.


title: Engineering fit

text: ISO and ANSI both group fits into three categories: clearance, location or transition, and interference. Within each category are several codes to define the size limits of the hole or shaft - the combination of which determines the type of fit. A fit is usually selected at the design stage according to whether the mating parts need to be accurately located, free to slide or rotate, separated easily, or resist separation. Cost is also a major factor in selecting a fit, as more accurate fits will be more expensive to produce, and tighter fits will be more expensive to assemble.


title: Engineering fit

text: Methods of producing work to the required tolerances to achieve a desired fit range from casting, forging and drilling for the widest tolerances through broaching, reaming, milling and turning to lapping and honing at the tightest tolerances.


title: Engineering fit

text: The International Organization for Standardization system splits the three main categories into several individual fits based on the allowable limits for hole and shaft size. Each fit is allocated a code, made up of a number and a letter, which is used on engineering drawings in place of upper & lower size limits to reduce clutter in detailed areas.


title: Engineering fit

text: A fit is either specified as shaft-basis or hole-basis, depending on which part has its size controlled to determine the fit. In a hole-basis system, the size of the hole remains constant and the diameter of the shaft is varied to determine the fit; conversely, in a shaft-basis system the size of shaft remains constant and the hole diameter is varied to determine the fit.


title: Engineering fit

text: The ISO system uses an alpha-numeric code to illustrate the tolerance ranges for the fit, with the upper-case representing the hole tolerance and lower-case representing the shaft. For example, in H7/h6 (a commonly-used fit) H7 represents the tolerance range of the hole and h6 represents the tolerance range of the shaft. These codes can be used by machinists or engineers to quickly identify the upper and lower size limits for either the hole or shaft. The potential range of clearance or interference can be found by subtracting the smallest shaft diameter from the largest hole, and largest shaft from the smallest hole.


title: Engineering fit

text: "Interference fits", also known as "press fits" or "friction fits", are fastenings between two parts in which the inner component is larger than the outer component. Achieving an interference fit requires applying force during assembly. After the parts are joined, the mating surfaces will feel pressure due to friction, and deformation of the completed assembly will be observed.


title: Engineering fit

text: "Force fits" are designed to maintain a controlled pressure between mating parts, and are used where forces or torques are being transmitted through the joining point. Like interference fits, force fits are achieved by applying a force during component assembly.


title: Engineering fit

text: "Shrink fits" serve the same purpose as force fits, but are achieved by heating one member to expand it while the other remains cool. The parts can then be easily put together with little applied force, but after cooling and contraction, the same dimensional interference exists as for a force fit. Like force fits, shrink fits range from FN 1 to FN 5.


title: Engineering fit

text: The smaller RC numbers have smaller clearances for tighter fits, the larger numbers have larger clearances for looser fits.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are intended for the accurate location of parts which must assemble without noticeable play.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are intended for the accurate location but with greater maximum clearance than class RC1. Parts made to this fit turn and move easily. This type is not designed for free run. Sliding fits in larger sizes may seize with small temperature changes due to little allowance for thermal expansion or contraction.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are about the closest fits which can be expected to run freely. Precision fits are intended for precision work at low speed, low bearing pressures, and light journal pressures. RC3 is not suitable where noticeable temperature differences occur.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are mostly for running fits on accurate machinery with moderate surface speed, bearing pressures, and journal pressures where accurate location and minimum play are desired. Fits of this kind also can be described as smaller clearances with higher requirements for precision fit.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are designed for machines running at higher running speeds, considerable bearing pressures, and heavy journal pressure. Fits of this kind also can be described with greater clearances with common requirements for fit precision.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are intended for use where accuracy is not essential. It is suitable for great temperature variations. This fit is suitable to use without any special requirements for precise guiding of shafts into certain holes.


title: Engineering fit

text: Fits of this kind are intended for use where wide commercial tolerances may be required on the shaft. With these fits, the parts with great clearances with having great tolerances. Loose running fits may be exposed to effects of corrosion, contamination by dust, and thermal or mechanical deformations.


title: Brabant killers

text: The Brabant killers, also named the Nivelles Gang in Dutch-speaking media (), and the mad killers of Brabant in French-speaking media (), are responsible for a series of violent attacks that mainly occurred in the Belgian province of Brabant between 1982 and 1985. A total of 28 people died and 22 were injured. The actions of the gang, believed to consist of a core of three men, made it Belgium's most notorious unsolved crime spree. The active participants were known as The "Giant" (; a tall man who may have been the leader); the "Killer" ("Le Tueur"; the main shooter) and the "Old Man" ("Le Vieux"; a middle aged man who drove). The identities and whereabouts of the "Brabant killers" are unknown. Although significant resources are still dedicated to the case, the most recent arrests are of the now-retired original senior detectives themselves.


title: Brabant killers

text: The gang abruptly ceased their activities in 1985. The ensuing chaotic investigation failed to catch them or even make serious inroads into solving the case. This led to a parliamentary inquiry and public discussion, both of which revolved around the possibility that the gang members were Belgian or foreign state security elements either carrying out covert missions (disguising targeted assassinations) or conducting political terrorism.


title: Brabant killers

text: As a result of these robberies, security was increased at many stores in the region — including armed guards.


title: Brabant killers

text: In November 1986, the discovery in a canal of various items and weapons taken or used in the gang's crimes provided important evidence. A long running dispute erupted over the find, amid assertions that the location was checked in 1985; therefore the weapons could not have been there from before that time and a second search must have been done with guilty knowledge. In 2019, the now-retired officers responsible for ordering the 1986 search were officially questioned on suspicion of manipulating the investigation, but they protested that original search of the canal was not an underwater inspection by frogmen, as done in 1986. A Volkswagen Golf car — similar to that used in the getaway — had been found burned out in 1985 in woods relatively close by to the canal, however it was said the condition of the items meant they could not have been immersed since that time.


title: Brabant killers

text: The items taken and paraphernalia they disposed of seemed to indicate that the gang were shooting enthusiasts involved in drug dealing and burglaries, combining their criminal activity with daytime jobs such as food preparation or scrap metal dealing. Under this interpretation, the crimes were largely for material reward and escalated out of bravado. On the other hand, odd elements were also evident:


title: Brabant killers

text: The gang is believed to have had at least one helper on its last raid. In 1986 weapons that the gang had were found along with bullet proof jackets and other items in a canal about 30 km outside Brussels. The Winchester pump shotguns used in the massacres were never found.


title: Brabant killers

text: Certain events surrounding the robbery of the Delhaize supermarket in Aalst on 9 November 1985 served to further strengthen media-fuelled rumours of a connection between the gang and elements of the Belgian military and the Belgian Gendarmerie in particular. For example, the supermarket was hit despite patrols passing it every twenty minutes and gendarmes close to the scene did not engage or pursue the robbers. Although no such connection has been proven, the perceived lack of satisfactory performance in the Brabant killers case was among the reasons for reforming the Belgian Gendarmerie.


title: Brabant killers

text: A connection to the Belgian stay-behind network S.D.R.A VIII (Gladio) has also been suggested. However, a parliamentary inquiry found no substantive evidence that the network was involved in any terrorist acts or that criminal groups had infiltrated it.


title: Brabant killers

text: A supposed connection between the Brabant killers, Gladio, and the by-then defunct Belgian far-right organisation Westland New Post led by Paul Latinus is mentioned in the 1992 BBC "Timewatch" documentary series "Operation Gladio", directed by Allan Francovich, in which it is suggested that Latinus said that his organisation was sanctioned by the Belgian government.


title: Brabant killers

text: In March 1981, Paul Latinus and members of Front de la Jeunesse founded Westland New Post, a paramilitary far-right group that was investigated after a 1980 incident in which a member shot at a group of North Africans, causing one death and a national outcry. The killer was with a firearms enthusiast who was a friend of Madani Bouhouche, and decades later let him stay in a French property after Bouhouche was released on licence from a life sentence for two murders. The milieu of WNP included a former member (now deceased) of the OAS, and several others from the Front de la Jeunesse who conducted paramilitary firearms training in some of the forested areas that were later used by the Brabant killers. The WNP was a secret organisation. Speculation about a connection to the Brabant killers increased after former WNP members — including the only Gendarmerie — recalled being ordered to covertly surveil and compile a report on security arrangements at Belgian supermarkets of a large chain that was targeted by the killers. WNP had a genuine intelligence operative advising on covert techniques; NATO behind-the-lines units are known to have used the planning of robberies as a training exercise. Michel Libert, the former second-in-command of Westland New Post, admitted passing on Latinus's orders to gather detailed information on supermarkets with a view to robberies, but denied knowing of any purpose to the assignments beyond developing clandestine skills.


title: Brabant killers

text: Marcel Barbier, an enforcer-type WNP member who lived with Libert, was arrested in August 1983 after a shooting, and became suspected in a double murder at a synagogue a year earlier. Latinus went to police and informed them that Barbier and another WNP member had committed the synagogue murders, and that he (Latinus) had helped Barbier get rid of the murder weapon. This caused dissension within the WNP as Latinus was seen as having betrayed a member of the organisation. Also in 1983 several members of WNP who were in Front de la Jeunesse (Belgium) were convicted of organising it as an illegal militia, and given terms in prison. Leading WNP members were also arrested for unauthorised possession of low-level classified NATO documents. Latinus committed suicide in April 1984, and his followers formed rival cliques. Some theories have connected these facts to the inactivity of the Brabant Killers gang between December 1983 and September 1985, and them having a seemingly intensified grudge against society during the supermarket massacres of 27 September and 9 November 1985.


title: Brabant killers

text: Barbier was convicted for the synagogue murders. His co-accused, WNP member Eric Lamers, was acquitted of murder but received 5 years for other offences, and in 1991 was convicted of a separate double murder. Lammers fled the country after being accused of a sexual exposure against a child and accessing images of child sex abuse. After he was brought back from Serbia he appeared in a 2014 Belgian TV program in which he accused WNP leaders of being behind the Brabant killings, based on WNP reconnaissance on the supermarket chain whose premises were subjected to the murderous attacks of 1985. Libert was arrested as a suspect soon after the program was broadcast, but released without charge after 48 hours. In 2018 a former subordinate of Libert publicly accused him of being the 'Giant', although without any official reaction. Libert went on television to yet again deny the allegations, and said the accuser had mental health difficulties.


title: Brabant killers

text: Various conspiracy theories link the killings to political scandals, illegal gun-running mafias, and legitimate businesses, suggesting they were done to disguise targeted assassinations. It has been suggested that one of the supposed victims of these assassinations was the banker Léon Finné, who was shot by the gang during the robbery of the Delhaize supermarket in Overijse on 27 September 1985.


title: Brabant killers

text: Notorious professional criminals, including Patrick Haemers and Madani Bouhouche (both deceased) have been canvassed as likely suspects. Haemers's height made him an apparent fit for the Brabant gang's 'Giant', but his known crimes lacked the gratuitous violence and small-time takings that were the Brabant killers' hallmark.


title: Brabant killers

text: Bouhouche was a former gendarme and gun shop owner suspected and known to have been involved in a number of violent crimes. He was arrested in 1986 for the murder of Juan Mendeza, an acquaintance of his who had expressed his fear that some weapons stolen from him by Bouhouche had been used in the Brabant killers crimes. Although he was released in 1988, police had found that Bouhouche had anonymously rented garages to store stolen cars, weapons he had stolen in a 1981 burglary of a Gendarmerie guard station in Etterbeek, and false duplicate car plates, some of which could have a connection to the Brabant killers. Also, items thought to have been abandoned by the Brabant killers turned out to include several TV remote controls adapted for triggering explosions, not unlike Bouhouche had intended to use in a complex extortion scheme involving IED attacks against a supermarket chain years before the Brabant killers started targeting supermarkets. This and all other evidence seemingly connecting him to the Brabant killers was considered inconclusive, but did little to allay the suspicion that he may have had inside information about the Brabant killers. He eventually died in 2005 while employed by a rental accommodation business owned by an old shooting and Westland New Post acquaintance.


title: Brabant killers

text: In 1983, on the basis of a forensic examination of a weapon, and a witness who said he had seen the Saab hidden, authorities charged the gun owner (a former municipal policeman) and several other men ("Borains") with the Brabant killings. Police said they obtained incriminating statements containing guilty knowledge. The Brabant killers' jewelry shop double murder occurred while the "Borains" accused were in detention. After it was found that a German ballistic experts' report discrediting the main hard evidence against the accused had been suppressed by the prosecutor, charges against the "Borains" were dismissed, and the freed men furiously alleged they had been coerced in abusive 36 hour interrogations, and supplied with details for false confessions. The original "Borains" suspect was unsuccessfully approached for information in 2015.


title: Brabant killers

text: An initially promising lead for the enquiry concerned a member of a family of Romany origin that was well known in the underworld, who led a group of armed robbers. He was charged with being one of the Brabant Killers and at one point made (later retracted) admission to having participated without his gang in the massacres, but provided no details, and the line of investigation proved fruitless.


title: Brabant killers

text: The law enforcement agencies hunting the killers made many mistakes during the early years of the investigation, often as a result of rivalries among the various authorities. Among the worst oversights were failure to preserve cars the gang modified and dumped, and loss of items with fingerprints. The original investigating magistrate was criticized for lack of professionalism by mishandling evidence and not considering alternatives to his hypotheses. Publicity about the case and the offer of a substantial reward resulted in a vast number of tips from ordinary Belgians with personal scores to settle, thereby diverting investigative resources from viable suspects.


title: Brabant killers

text: Most suspects date back to the beginning of the investigation, and have been repeatedly questioned over the years. The latest was Christiaan Bonkoffsky, ex-Gendarmerie unit "Group Diane", who before his alcohol-related 2015 death made a confession to being the so-called Giant. A riot gun and ammunition basket labelled "Gendarmerie-Politie", were apparently dumped by the Brabant killers (possibly after having been stolen by them). Bonkofsky had already been scrutinised as a potential suspect in 2000. Investigators utilising forensic DNA and fingerprints have definitely ruled him out as the Giant.


title: Brabant killers

text: In June 2020 Belgian detectives appealed for information on the identity of man in a photograph sent to police in 1986. They reissued a photo of a man holding a SPAS-12 in a forest. The photo was reissued on the orders of a judge. They also appealed for information on the identity of a man with a 3.5 cm wine stain birthmark on the nape of his neck who took part in one of the gang's raids on a Delhaize supermarket in Beersel on the southern outskirts of Brussels in October 1983.


title: Brabant killers

text: A special extension to the statute of limitations on the case runs out in 2025, by which time the core members of the gang would be in their mid seventies at least, if still alive.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Expeditionary warfare is a military invasion of a foreign territory, especially away from established bases. Expeditionary forces were in part the antecedent of the modern concept of rapid deployment forces. Traditionally, expeditionary forces were essentially self-sustaining with an organic logistics capability and with a full array of supporting arms.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The earliest examples of expeditionary warfare come from the Sea Peoples, a term used for a confederation of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory during the late 19th dynasty, and especially during Year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The raiding tactics were expanded into the more complex expeditionary warfare operations by Alexander the Great who used naval vessels for both troop transporting and logistics in his campaigns against the Persian Empire.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The next exponents of expeditionary warfare in the ancient world of the Mediterranean Basin were the Carthaginians who introduced two entirely new dimensions to the use of naval forces by staging not only operations that combined naval and land troops, but also eventuated in combining strategic multi-national forces during the land phase of the operation when Hannibal in his most famous achievement at the outbreak of the Second Punic War marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Following on the example of Carthage, the Romans used expeditionary operations extensively to expand their Empire and influence in the Mediterranean and beyond, including the Roman conquest of Britain which was not only a limited expeditionary operation, but one conceived to include long-term occupation and Roman settlement of the territories.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The Han Dynasty of ancient China also famously used expeditionary warfare to deal with the nomadic Xiongnu people during the Han–Xiongnu War. Under the orders of Emperor Wu of Han, the Han launched numerous long-distance raids deep into Xiongnu territory. The exploits of famed Han generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were of particular note, with both recording multiple successful expeditions between the years 127 and 119 BC, eventually annexing the Hexi Corridor and expelling the Xiongnu from the Qilian Mountains. The expeditionary Han forces were primarily made up of cavalry and were typically arrayed in columns. They also frequently crossed vast distances–Huo Qubing is said to have travelled 2,000 "li", roughly 620 miles, during one of his raids.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Shortly after the collapse of the Roman empire in Italy, the European Middle Ages began with an expedition of imperial Byzantine general Belisarius against the Vandals. But as that empire dwindled, its warfare became more defensive.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The most prominent development of expeditionary warfare during the European Middle Ages came from the environmental pressures in the Scandinavian region during the Middle Ages, and the emergence of the Viking migrations that combined raiding, longer term inland operations, occupation and settlement. These operations were conducted as sea, coastal and riverine operations, and sometimes were strategic in nature, reaching as far as Constantinople.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Expeditionary warfare in East Asia began very much in the same way it had in the Mediterranean with short-term raids by Japanese pirates. Because the Wokou were weakly resisted by the Ming Dynasty, the raiding eventually developed into fully-fledged expeditionary warfare with the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The development in expeditionary operations reached a new level when during the Crusades the element of political alliance as an influence on the military strategy was introduced, for example in the Sixth Crusade (AD 1228.)


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Although all expeditionary warfare until the invention of the combustion engine was largely dependent on the sailing vessels, it was with the creation of sophisticated rigging systems of the European Renaissance that the Age of Sail allowed a significant expansion in expeditionary warfare, notably by the European colonial empires. Some have argued that this was the first revolution in military affairs that changed national strategies, operational methods and tactics both at sea and on the land. One notable example of this evolution was the French Invasion of Egypt (1798).


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Though a significantly expanded expeditionary operation, the Crimean War was the first example of a planned expeditionary campaign that was directed as part of a multinational coalition strategy. Aside from being the first modern expeditionary operation that used steam powered warships and telegraph communications which marked it as the departing point for the rest of the 19th and 20th century developments. It was also the first used as a military theatre instrument to force decision in the conflict, in what proved to be the last use of the sailing vessels in military expeditions.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Perhaps unique in the development of expeditionary warfare were the operations by Yermak during the Russian conquest of Siberia which was a largely land-based operation. This eventually led to the Russian settlement of the Far East and the coast of the Pacific Ocean.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The next development in the evolution of the expeditionary warfare was made during the expansion of the western European empires and the era of colonialism that also led to the inclusion of the expeditionary methods into the direct expression of national strategies to avoid full-scale conflicts in the shape of the gunboat diplomacy approach. It was at this time that naval troops previously used almost exclusively for defence of vessels or minor beach operations were expanded to enable extended littoral operations. The colonial experience, though largely confined to the period before the First World War, persisted well into the 20th century.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: Unique in this period was the emergence of non-empire building multinational (though not coalition) operations to defeat the Boxer Rebellion by the Eight-Nation Alliance that can be categorised as possibly the first peacekeeping operation in the modern era.


title: Expeditionary warfare

text: The period of the First World War that prolonged well past its completion into the 1920s saw expeditionary warfare established as a systematic and planned type of operations with larger scope than simple transportations of troops to the theatre such as the British Expeditionary Force in 1914, Russian Expeditionary Force in 1916, and the American Expeditionary Force in 1917, and the beginnings of development in true combined operations at strategic, operational and tactical levels with the unsuccessful amphibious landing at Gallipoli. Not only did this operation combine the elements of overall war planning context, multinational deployment of forces as part of the same operation, and use of troops prepared for the landings (as opposed to disembarkation), as well as naval gunfire support that was only limited during the era of sailing ships, but also included extensive use of combat engineering in support of the infantry. One of the most extensive and complex of expeditionary operations that followed the war was the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War that saw forces deployed in the Baltic region, the Arctic region, along the Black Sea coast, and in the Russian Far East.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Following a two-decade-plus career in Finnish movies, Pääkkönen's international breakthrough role came in 2015 in the historical drama television series "Vikings" (2016–2018; 2020) as Halfdan the Black. His next roles were in Spike Lee's comedy-drama film "BlacKkKlansman" (2018) and in the war drama film "Da 5 Bloods" (2020).


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Pääkkönen was born in Helsinki, Finland, the son of actor Seppo Pääkkönen and Virve Havelin. His uncle Antti Pääkkönen is also an actor, and is a prolific voice actor. Already as a child, Pääkkönen was a theater assistant and attended Kallio Upper Secondary School of Performing Arts in Kallio, Helsinki. When Pääkkönen was 17, he spent a year in Maryland as an exchange student at Baltimore’s Owings Mills High School during the 1997–98 school year.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Pääkkönen's first film role was in "The Glory and Misery of Human Life" from 1988, when he was seven years old. He became famous as Saku Salin in the Finnish television soap opera "Salatut elämät" (1999–2002). According to a calculation published by Finnish tabloid "Ilta-Sanomat", Pääkkönen is "the most profitable film actor in Finland" for having starred in numerous box office hits during his career. Many of Pääkkönen's films have made #1 at the Finnish box office, including "Bad Boys", which is one of the most successful Finnish films at the national box office of all time. Other of Pääkkönen's commercial and critical successes include "Frozen Land" (2005), "" (2006), "Lapland Odyssey" (2010) and "Heart of a Lion" (2013).


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: For his role in "Bad Boys", Pääkkönen was given the Best Actor Award in the Brussels International Independent Film Festival. He has earned international praise from film critic Michael Giltz from the "Huffington Post", who called the actor "handsome and compelling" in his role in "Lapland Odyssey". Film critic Leslie Felperin from "Variety" named Pääkkönen a "rising thesp, showing impressive range" in his starring role in "Matti". In 2006 the European Film Promotion introduced Pääkkönen as the Shooting Star of Finland at the Berlin International Film Festival.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: In 2013, Pääkkönen starred in Finnish drama film "Heart of a Lion" that earned him his first Jussi Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015, Pääkkönen was cast in the fourth season of the History Channel TV series "Vikings" as Halfdan the Black.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Pääkkönen co-starred as a KKK member in Spike Lee's drama "BlacKkKlansman", which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and was released on August 10, 2018. He starred in Lee's 2020 Netflix production "Da 5 Bloods".


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: In 2009 Pääkkönen founded the Pokerisivut.com poker magazine together with film producer Markus Selin. In 2010 Pokerisivut.com was awarded Best Overall Affiliate at the London 2010 iGB Affiliate Awards.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Pääkkönen is a member of the Vision fly fishing world team and has appeared on fly fishingTV shows and DVDs as a celebrity guest. Pääkkönen is also known as the protector of endangered fish species of Finland (especially salmon). He has also founded and is one of the owners of Superflies.com, which sells a selection of flies curated by Pääkkönen and raises funds for endangered native fish populations.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Pääkkönen has also begun an entrepreneurship with MP Antero Vartia. They built a large sauna and restaurant complex called Löyly at the shore of Hernesaari, Helsinki which cost €6 million to build. Pääkkönen is one of the founders of Röykkä Invest Oy, in whose name the former Nummela Sanatorium, located in the Röykkä village in Nurmijärvi, was bought for €1.5 million. Pääkkönen has announced a plan to turn the former sanatorium into a hotel.


title: Jasper Pääkkönen

text: Since 2017, Pääkkönen has been married to Spanish-Filipino model Alexandra Escat. The couple had a daughter on Christmas Day 2021.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Saman Ghoddos (; born 6 September 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder, striker or winger for club Brentford and the Iran national team.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Born in Sweden to Iranian parents, he initially played for the Sweden national team, before switching allegiance to Iran in 2017.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Saman Ghoddos scored 10 league goals in his first season in the Allsvenskan for Östersunds FK, including their first top-flight goal in his Allsvenskan debut on 4 April 2016 against Hammarby IF. He scored a brace at his hometown club Malmö FF on 22 October in Swedbank Stadion. After his good performances in the 2016 season, Ghoddos drew interest from German club Hertha Berlin and Dutch club Ajax.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos started the 2017 season in fine form, leading Östersund to the Swedish Cup final with six goals in six games, including an acrobatic goal in the quarter-final against Trelleborgs FF and a brace in the semi-final against Häcken. He scored his seventh domestic cup goal of the season in the final, leading Östersund to the second qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League with manager Graham Potter.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: In his UEFA debut, Ghoddos scored a goal and provided an assist for a 2–0 win against Galatasaray on 13 July 2017. In the return leg, Ghoddos won a penalty with a dribble past Fernando Muslera. In a league match on 13 August, he scored a long-range goal from 40 meters out against Hammarby IF in Stockholm's Tele2 Arena. On 24 August, Ghoddos scored two goals in the Europa League play-offs against PAOK to qualify his team to the group stages of the competition. He scored the club's first tournament proper goal in their group stage debut on 14 September. He won the attacker of the year award at the end of the 2017 Allsvenskan season. On 23 November, Ghoddos scored the winning goal to send his club to the knockout phase of the Europa League.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos provided two assists in his side's 2–1 win in the second leg of the Europa League round of 32 against English Premier League side Arsenal in London, though they were defeated 4–2 on aggregate. He scored his first league goal of the season on 15 April against IFK Göteborg, and scored a free kick on 30 April against Brommapojkarna. On 14 May, he scored from a free kick against AIK in the Friends Arena. He scored another goal in the next game during a derby match against GIF Sundsvall. Upon returning from the World Cup, Ghoddos captained his club side and scored a goal in a 2–1 win at Hammarby. He scored another free kick in the following match on 14 July at Malmö FF. Ghoddos scored a brace in the following match against Trelleborg to become joint-top scorer of the 2018 Allsvenskan. He subsequently won the Allsvenskan player of the month award for his performances in July.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 23 August 2018, Ghoddos transferred to French Ligue 1 side Amiens SC signing a five-year contract. The transfer fee paid to Östersund was reported as 40 million SEK (about €3.8 million) plus bonuses which would make the transfer the third-most expensive in Allsvenskan history after Alexander Isak and Zlatan Ibrahimović. However, the transfer was put in doubt by La Liga newcomers SD Huesca contacting FIFA to enquire about the validity of their own agreement to sign Ghoddos. Ghoddos had signed a contract with the Spanish club which also had a written agreement with Östersund. Previously, Stade Rennais had decided against signing Ghoddos.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos made his competitive debut for Amiens on 25 August 2018 in the Ligue 1 4–1 home win over Reims, scoring a goal for Amiens in the 58th minute. He thus became the first Iranian player to play in Ligue 1.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 29 August 2019, FIFA suspended Ghoddos from all games for four months plus a €4 million fine for his failed transfer to Huesca. On 10 November 2020, the Court of Arbitration for Sport partially upheld the ruling with the fine being removed but Östersund being banned from signing new players for the next two transfer windows.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 21 September 2020, Ghoddos joined English Championship side Brentford on a one-year loan deal with a subsequent option for a two-year permanent deal. He made his club debut on 1 October 2020 with an assist to Marcus Forss in an EFL Cup match against Fulham. He scored his first goal for the club and provided an assist on 9 January 2021 in an FA Cup match against Middlesbrough.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 14 January 2021, Ghoddos completed a permanent move to Brentford, with a contract that runs until the summer of 2023 with the option for an extra year. He scored his first league goal for the club on 20 January 2021 against Luton Town. In May 2021, Ghoddos and Brentford clinched promotion to the Premier League, the first top-flight appearance for the club in 74 years. He made his Premier League debut on 21 August 2021 against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park. Ghoddos scored his first goal in the Premier League on 30 October 2021 against Burnley.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Due to his Iranian heritage, Ghoddos was eligible to be called up by both Iran and Sweden. In December 2016, Ghoddos was called up by Sweden manager Janne Andersson for friendlies against Ivory Coast and Slovakia. He made his debut against the Ivory Coast on 8 January 2017 and scored his first international goal for Sweden in a 6–0 win over Slovakia on 12 January 2017.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: In June 2017, Ghoddos revealed that he had been approached by the Iranian federation. In an interview in July 2017, Ghoddos stated that he may accept an invitation to play for Carlos Queiroz's Iran should he be given one. He applied for Iranian citizenship on 21 August, stating that it is an honour to play for Sweden and his decision to represent either country is "fifty-fifty". He was not called into Sweden's World Cup qualification squad on 23 August, with Janne Andersson opting to choose expatriate footballers and stating that Ghoddos is not far from a call-up if he were to remain with the Swedish national team.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 25 August 2017, Ghoddos revealed in an interview that he acquired his Iranian passport from the embassy. The following day, 26 August 2017, he announced on his Instagram page that he would be joining Iran for their 2018 World Cup qualifiers against South Korea and Syria. Ghoddos was called up for the first time for the Iran senior team training camps on 27 August 2017 by coach Carlos Queiroz for Iran's 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches against South Korea and Syria. After Ghoddos couldn't make his debut for Iran due to administrative issues with FIFA, he was called into Sweden's World Cup qualification squad on 27 September for matches against Luxembourg and Netherlands. However, on 29 September, the Swedish Football Association released a statement on their website stating Ghoddos had declined the offer, choosing to play for Iran instead. He made his debut for Iran in a 2–0 friendly victory against Togo on 5 October 2017. On 9 November, he scored his first goal for Iran in a friendly match against Panama.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: On 13 May 2018, Ghoddos was named in Queiroz's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. In an interview with Olof Lundh in May 2018, Ghoddos stated that if the Swedish federation had contacted him earlier, it's very likely for him to have chosen to represent Sweden, though he does not regret his decision to play for Iran. Club teammate Emil Krafth later added that Ghoddos told him he wanted to play for Sweden. He was named in Iran's final 23-man squad for the 2018 World Cup on 4 June 2018. Ghoddos made his World Cup debut against Morocco on 15 June 2018, winning a free kick that led to a goal for Iran’s first World Cup win in twenty years. He was used as a substitute in all three World Cup matches against Morocco, Spain and Portugal. After the World Cup in November 2018, Ghoddos faced conscription issues in Iran.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: He was named in Queiroz’s final squad for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup on 26 December 2018. In the team's opening match of the tournament, Ghoddos came on as a second-half substitute and scored the final goal in a 5–0 victory over Yemen.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos plays as an attacking midfielder, striker or winger, and has been praised for his technical ability and clinical finishing.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos was born and raised in Malmö and speaks English, Swedish, and Persian. His parents were born in Iran and hail from the city of Ahvaz.


title: Saman Ghoddos

text: Ghoddos was born in Malmö as "Saman Ghoddos". Upon switching allegiance to Iran in 2017, he was given the name "Seyed Saman Ghoddoos" in Iran.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: Frank Richard George Lampard (born 20 September 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He played most of his career for West Ham United, had a brief spell with Southend United, and was capped twice for the England national team. He is the father of former Chelsea midfielder and current Everton FC manager, Frank Lampard, and is often referred to as "Frank Lampard Senior" or "Frank Senior" when there is a chance of confusion between the two.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: Lampard was born in East Ham, Essex, in 1948 to Frank Richard Lampard (born 1920) and Hilda D. Stiles (born 1928). He has a sister, Gwendoline, who is a year younger than him. He was only five years old when his father died in 1953, aged 33.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: Lampard started for the youth team of West Ham United in 1964. He debuted for West Ham United in November 1967 in a 3–2 home defeat by Manchester City, and quickly established himself in his preferred left-back position. Lampard was awarded a testimonial game by West Ham on 2 November 1976; a West Ham XI playing Fulham at the Boleyn Ground resulting in a 3–1 win for West Ham.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: At club level, he won two FA Cups with West Ham, in 1975 and 1980, and the old second division title in 1981. By the time he left the club on a free transfer at the end of the 1984–85 season, Lampard had played 660 games, scored 22 goals and become one of the most celebrated players to pull on the claret and blue jersey. He wore the number 3 on his jersey.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: He moved to Southend United for the 1985–86 season, then managed by another ex-West Ham star Bobby Moore, and made 38 appearances for the Essex club before retiring.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: At international level, Lampard won four England Under-23 caps, and debuted for the England senior national team against Yugoslavia in October 1972.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: From 1994 to 2001 he returned to West Ham to serve as assistant manager under Harry Redknapp, his brother-in-law.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: On 24 November 2008, Lampard was appointed as a football consultant to new Watford manager Brendan Rodgers. and then followed Rodgers to Reading in June 2009 to take up a similar role at the Madejski Stadium in June 2009. Lampard left Reading when Rodgers departed by mutual consent on 17 December 2009.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: Lampard was married to Patricia Harris before her death on 24 April 2008 following complications from pneumonia. They had three children named Natalie, Claire and Frank Jr, who was also a professional footballer and manager.


title: Frank Lampard, Sr.

text: Patricia's twin sister is Sandra Redknapp, wife of former Queens Park Rangers manager Harry Redknapp. He is also the uncle to former England, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, AFC Bournemouth and Southampton player Jamie Redknapp. In 2019, Lampard became the landlord of The Nightingale public house in Wanstead, London.


title: Glory of Love

text: "Glory of Love" is a 1986 song performed by Peter Cetera, which he wrote and composed with his then-wife Diane Nini and David Foster. The song was recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the film "The Karate Kid Part II" (1986), it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and it was included on his album "Solitude/Solitaire" (1986), which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name="Solitude/SolitaireCD"></ref>


title: Glory of Love

text: "Glory of Love" peaked at number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart on August 2, 1986, remaining in that spot for two weeks. It also spent five weeks atop the US adult contemporary chart. "Billboard" ranked the power ballad as number fourteen on the Top Pop Singles of 1986,<ref name="BB 12/27/86"></ref> and number four on the Top Adult Contemporary Singles of 1986. The song achieved similar success in the UK, peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart, where it was the 26th best-selling single of 1986.


title: Glory of Love

text: "Glory of Love" made its first appearance on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US at number 62, for the week ending on June 7, 1986, and debuted at number 59 on the "Cash Box" Top 100 Singles chart that same date. In the same issue, "Cash Box" also shows the single as a new release.


title: Glory of Love

text: The single has not been certified gold or platinum by the RIAA, although the record album that it appeared on, "Solitude/Solitaire", has been certified both gold and platinum.


title: Glory of Love

text: The song earned nominations for an Academy Award for Best Original Song, and a Golden Globe in the category of Best Original Song. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 1987 for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Male Artist, and went on to win an ASCAP Award for Most Performed Songs from a Motion Picture and a BMI Film & TV Award for Most Performed Song from a Film.


title: Glory of Love

text: Cetera has said that he originally wrote and composed "Glory of Love" as the end title for the film "Rocky IV" (1985), but it was passed over by United Artists, instead ultimately being used as the theme for "The Karate Kid Part II" (1986).


title: Glory of Love

text: The single of "Glory of Love" and the accompanying video were released in May 1986, while the album, "Solitude/Solitaire", was released within days of the release of the movie, "The Karate Kid Part II", a month later. Upon its release, the song was often incorrectly credited as being a new song performed by Cetera's former band Chicago owing to its similarity in style to many of the band's popular songs for which Cetera had been the lead vocalist.


title: Glory of Love

text: Cetera performed a shortened version of the song live at the 59th Academy Awards ceremony, which took place on Monday, March 30, 1987, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion.


title: Glory of Love

text: The music video by Peter Cetera is set in a Japanese martial arts dojo, with cut and fade scenes of the movie "The Karate Kid Part II" throughout. The video was directed by Peter Sinclair.


title: Glory of Love

text: The song "On the Line" which was on the B-side of the 45 rpm single was from Cetera's eponymously named first solo album, "Peter Cetera", which had been released in 1981.


title: Filosofem

text: Filosofem (Norwegian for "Philosopheme") is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal solo project Burzum. It was recorded in March 1993 and was the last recording before Varg Vikernes was sentenced to prison in 1994; the album was not released until January 1996, however. It was released through Misanthropy Records and Vikernes's own record label, Cymophane Productions. A music video was made for the song "Dunkelheit" and received airtime on both MTV and VH1.


title: Filosofem

text: The album is noted for its experimental sound when compared to most other second wave black metal (see music and artwork section). Vikernes considered the release an "anti-trend album". "Filosofem" is widely considered Burzum's masterwork, maintaining a minimalist perspective and an emphasis on hazy soundscapes.


title: Filosofem

text: Varg Vikernes recorded the first four Burzum albums between January 1992 and March 1993 at the Grieg Hall in Bergen. However, the releases were spread out, with many months between the recording and the release of each album. During this time, Vikernes became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and met Mayhem guitarist Euronymous. He also allegedly took part in burning down four churches, along with other members of the scene. In August 1993, Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death outside his apartment in Oslo. He was arrested a few days later and, in May 1994, was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder, and for church arson.


title: Filosofem

text: The opening track on "Filosofem", "Dunkelheit", was the first song Vikernes wrote as Burzum, with the song itself initially being named "Burzum". It had been recorded in September 1992 for the "Hvis lyset tar oss" album, but Vikernes was unhappy with it and re-recorded it for this album six months later. According to a statement made by Vikernes on burzum.org, the master tapes for the version of "Burzum" meant for "Hvis lyset tar oss" were lost by the Norwegian prison system.


title: Filosofem

text: The album was recorded under purposefully bad conditions in order to retain a raw lo-fi sound. No guitar amplifier was used; instead Vikernes plugged his guitar into the amplifier of his brother's stereo and used old fuzz pedals. For the vocals, he asked a sound technician for the worst microphone he had, and ended up using an old helicopter headset.


title: Filosofem

text: The music of "Filosofem" continued Vikernes's experimentation with minimalism, repetition, and ambient music within black metal. The tracks are all quite long (the shortest being just over seven minutes), and are typically composed around very few musical motifs. For instance, "Jesu død", a track of over eight-and-a-half minutes, is primarily based on variations of a single riff. The epic "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte", Burzum's longest ambient song to date, repeats a simple melody for nearly the entirety of the runtime, switching from a bass ostinato to a harmony ostinato midway through the piece. Furthermore, the first three songs are in the key of E minor.


title: Filosofem

text: "Burzum" ("Dunkelheit"), the opening track, features a prominent melody played by a synthesizer that sits atop the distorted guitars and vocals. The two "Decrepitude" tracks complement each other, with ".i." featuring vocals and keeping the guitars in the foreground; while ".ii." is instrumental and instead focuses on the sound effects and keyboard melody in the background of ".i.".


title: Filosofem

text: The album cover and booklet contain artwork by Theodor Kittelsen. The front cover is named "" (Norwegian for "Up in the Hills a Clarion Call rings out").


title: PTC (software company)

text: PTC Inc. (formerly Parametric Technology Corporation) is an American computer software and services company founded in 1985 and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The global technology company has over 6,000 employees across 80 offices in 30 countries, 1,150 technology partners and over $1bn in revenue. The company began developing parametric, associative feature-based, solid computer-aided design (CAD) modeling software in 1988, including an Internet-based product for product lifecycle management (PLM) in 1998.


title: PTC (software company)

text: PTC products and services include Internet of things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), and collaboration software. They also do consulting, implementation and training business.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Russian immigrant and mathematician Samuel P. Geisberg worked at software-design providers Applicon and Computervision prior to forming Parametric Technology Corporation in May 1985. In 1988, the company unveiled its first Unix-based commercial product called Pro/ENGINEER and soon-after landed John Deere as its first customer. Pro/ENGINEER was the first parametric, feature-based solids modeling CAD software. Pro/ENGINEER could recognize a change in a single variable of a design and adjust the rest of the model accordingly.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Parametric's revenue grew quickly from $3 million in 1988 to $45 million in 1991. The company went public in 1989 with symbol PMTC. In 1992 IndustryWeek named Pro/ENGINEER 'Technology of the Year'. It made the Fortune 500 in 1995 and exceeded $800 million in revenue in 1997. The company made a few acquisitions in the 1990s including CDRS and 3DPaint products from Evans & Sutherland, Rasna Corp., Reflex and DivisionGroup.


title: PTC (software company)

text: In 1998, Parametric acquired the company (Computervision) its founder Geisberg had previously worked for. The company consequently acquired Computervision subsidiaries including Windchill Technology, a Minnesota-based startup co-founded by PTC CEO, James Heppelmann. Later that year, Parametric released its internet-based "Windchill" Product Lifecycle Management (PLM).


title: PTC (software company)

text: In the 2000s, Parametric developed lifecycle management software for products, assets, applications, processes and services through acquiring several companies including Polyplan Technologies, Arbortext, Aptavis Technologies Corp. (Retail PLM), NetRegulus, Synapsis Technology, Relex Software and Planet Metrics. It also made a few CAD-related acquisitions including Cadtrain, NC Graphics, Mathsoft (developers of Mathcad), ITEDO Software GmbH and CoCreate.


title: PTC (software company)

text: A Y2K-like bug in 2003 was described by "The New York Times" 20 days before it would have caused a problem.


title: PTC (software company)

text: On October 1, 2010, James Heppelmann assumed the role of president and chief executive officer of Parametric. The company renamed its initial CAD product Pro/ENGINEER to PTC Creo. The company officially changed its legal name ‘Parametric Technology Corporation’ to PTC Inc and its NASDAQ ticker to PTC from PMTC in 2013. PTC continued to acquire CAD and PLM-related companies including MKS Software, 4CS Software Solutions, Servigistics, Enigma, NetIDEAS, Atego and Plugin76.


title: PTC (software company)

text: In December 2013, the company made its preliminary Internet of Things acquisition with the $112m takeover ThingWorx. PTC continued to acquire IoT companies with the acquisition of IoT connectivity management provider Axeda Corporation for $170m in August 2014, IoT predictive analytics company Coldlight for $105m in May 2015 and industrial connectivity provider Kepware for $100m in January 2016. The company made its initial outside investment into the Augmented Reality space with the acquisition of Vuforia from Qualcomm in November 2015 and then acquired Waypoint Labs in April 2018.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Rockwell Automation made a $1bn equity investment in PTC acquiring 8.4% ownership stake in PTC on June 11, 2018. PTC also announced major strategic partnerships with ANSYS and Microsoft in 2018.


title: PTC (software company)

text: The PTC Creo suite includes product design and engineering software. Creo runs on Microsoft Windows and provides apps for 3D CAD parametric feature solid modeling, 3D direct modeling, 2D orthographic views, Finite Element Analysis and simulation, schematic design, technical illustrations, and viewing and visualization. Creo integrates with PTC's other product development offerings, including Windchill, Mathcad, and Arbortext. Mathcad is used to solve, analyze, and share engineering calculations.


title: PTC (software company)

text: The PTC CAD product provides computer aided design capabilities. PTC CAD is a suite of 2D and 3D product design software used to create, analyze and view product designs. PTC Creo software was released in June 2011 to replace and supersede PTC's products formerly known as Pro/ENGINEER, CoCreate, and ProductView. O


title: PTC (software company)

text: Windchill is the brand for product lifecycle management information such as CAD models, documents, technical illustrations, embedded software and calculations.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Engineering calculation software that is used by engineers to solve, document and share the calculations used for product design.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Service lifecycle management (SLM) software is used by manufacturers to understand how service planning, customer service, and analysis of returned product data can improve service value over a product's life.


title: PTC (software company)

text: The Servigistics product integrates service planning, delivery and analysis to optimize service outcomes by providing a single view of service.


title: PTC (software company)

text: PTC SLM products include what was formerly Arbortext. Servigistics Arbortext enables manufacturers to create, illustrate, manage and publish technical and service parts information.


title: PTC (software company)

text: Kepware software, primarily KEPServerEX, is a connectivity platform industrial automation endpoints. The software enables users to connect, manage, monitor, and control heterogeneous devices.


title: PTC (software company)

text: PTC president and CEO James (Jim) Hepplemann contributed to Harvard Business Review reports in 2014, 2015, and 2017.


title: PTC (software company)

text: In September 2017, PTC announced plans to move headquarters from Needham, Massachusetts to Boston's Seaport District in January 2019.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: Rhythm Heaven, known as Rhythm Paradise in Europe and Rhythm World () in Korea, is a Japanese rhythm video game developed by Nintendo SPD for the Nintendo DS. It is the second game in Nintendo's "Rhythm Heaven" series and the first one released worldwide, following the Japan-only Game Boy Advance title "Rhythm Tengoku", and was succeeded by "Rhythm Heaven Fever" for the Wii and "Rhythm Heaven Megamix" for the Nintendo 3DS. The game was released in Japan on July 31, 2008, in North America on April 5, 2009, in Europe on May 1, 2009, and in Australia on June 4, 2009.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: Unlike its predecessor which is played using the GBA's buttons, "Rhythm Heaven" is played using the touch screen with the DS held vertically, similarly to a book. Throughout the game, players use the stylus to play through several rhythm-based levels known as Rhythm Games, each with their own specific rules. Controls used include tapping the touch screen, holding the stylus down on the touch screen, dragging it across the screen and flicking it off the screen. A guitar-based minigame late in the game known as "Rockers 2", along with the unlockable guitar lessons, also include the use of the DS's shoulder buttons to bend guitar notes.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: The game's fifty Rhythm Games are split into ten sets, each consisting of four Rhythm Games and a themed Remix level that incorporates the previous games (or more) into one song. In each Rhythm Game, the player must attempt to keep with the rhythm throughout the level, receiving a rank at the end of the game depending on how well they did. To clear a Rhythm Game and progress onto the next game, the player needs to get a 'Just OK' or 'OK' rank. By receiving a 'Superb' rank on each Rhythm Game, players receive Medals which unlock bonus content, such as Endless Games, Rhythm Toys and Guitar Lessons. Sometimes, a Rhythm Game that a player has received a Superb rating on may be randomly selected for a Perfect attempt. Only appearing on the menu three times before moving elsewhere, these runs require the player to complete a Rhythm Game perfectly without making any mistakes. Completing a Perfect run earns more bonus features in the cafe, such as song sheets and lyrics.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: While the game is automatically set to be played on right-handed mode, there is also a left-handed mode for left-handed individuals.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: "Rhythm Heaven" uses original music composed by Tsunku and Masami Yone, with vocals by TNX artists including Canary Club, The Possible, and Tsunku himself (credited as Occhama). These vocals were re-recorded in English for the Western version by other vocalists (most notably Ayaka Nagate, a former member of the Tsunku-produced Coconuts Musume), as were some of the voice cues. There were plans to include the Japanese songs in the music player section, but they were soon taken out due to space restrictions. Soundtrack albums for the game have been released in Japan, but not in North America.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: The European version has been fully translated in Spanish, English, French, German, and Italian language, including the vocal songs in the "Fan Club", "The Dazzles", "Frog Hop", "Karate Man", and "Airboarder" Rhythm Games.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: "Rhythm Heaven" was developed by Nintendo SP&D1 with the assistance of Tsunku, a music record producer, both also worked on the original "Rhythm Tengoku". The conception of the game is credited to Nintendo programmer Kazuyoshi Osawa who previously worked on "Metroid" and "WarioWare" titles.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: The game's development "wasn't easy" for the staff. Osawa didn't like the idea of using buttons, so he considered a control mechanic that involved the Touch Screen. The ability to touch the edge of the Touch Screen was considered, but was determined to be too difficult.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: The Flick action took the staff a "little getting used to" as they had to make it feel "fair" to the player until they realised that if flicking was combined with the music it would give the players a "good sense of timing". The Flick action took them about "two to three months" to research and "six months" to eventually adapt the control into the game. Tsunku really liked the idea of the Flick action regardless of the long time to adapt. At that time, he thought of the idea for "Frog Hop", which became one of the first games to be made for "Rhythm Heaven". Not unlike many other games, there are various differences across regions when the game (and its following sequels) was releasing worldwide.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, "Famitsu" gave it a score of two eights and two nines, for a total of 34 out of 40.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: 411Mania gave it a score of nine out of ten and called it "a must-own that won't disappoint." "Wired" gave it a similar score of nine stars out of ten and called it "the sort of novel, deep, challenging game that people accuse Nintendo of not creating anymore." "The Daily Telegraph" gave it eight out of ten and said that the touches "elevate [the game] from a fun but throwaway music game into an addictive quest for rhythm perfection. It's not a music game as wonderfully elaborate as the superb Elite Beat Agents, but its ostensibly simple mechanics give it a sense of purity that a lot of games lack." "The A.V. Club" gave it a B and called it "the cutest drum machine on the market."


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: As of 11 January 2009, "Rhythm Heaven" had sold 1,568,000 copies in Japan. It was also the sixth best-selling game in Japan in 2008.


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: A "Rhythm Heaven" Wii game, "Rhythm Heaven Fever", succeeded this version; Nintendo president Satoru Iwata saw potential in the game in people's living rooms. He replied: "When you see others play with the game and notice that he or she misses out on being perfectly in rhythm, it can also be surprisingly fun."


title: Rhythm Heaven

text: Six years later, another Rhythm Heaven game was released for the Nintendo 3DS under the title of Rhythm Heaven Megamix. It features games from the DS installment, as well as rhythm games from "Fever" and the original "Rhythm Tengoku" along with brand-new ones such as "Pajama Party", "Blue Bear", "Tongue Lashing" and etc. (as well as newer variants of older ones, such as "Super Samurai Slice", "Karate Man Senior", and "Cosmic Rhythm Rally").


title: Bless the Harts

text: Bless the Harts is an American animated sitcom created by Emily Spivey for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Debuting on September 29, 2019, the series is executive produced by Spivey, Andy Bobrow, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, Kristen Wiig, and Seth Cohen. The series is a joint production between Fox Entertainment and 20th Television. The animation production is handled by Titmouse, Inc., with overseas animation services by Yearim and Digital eMation in Seoul, South Korea. The show's title is based on the Southern phrase "Bless your heart". Spivey and Bobrow served as co-showrunners for the series' run.


title: Bless the Harts

text: "Bless the Harts" follows a working-class family living in North Carolina. The main protagonist, waitress Jenny Hart, struggles to make ends meet, and lives with her artistically talented daughter Violet Hart and mother Betty Hart. Her boyfriend Wayne has dated Jenny since her daughter Violet was a toddler, and acts as a father figure in Violet’s life. Jenny works at “The Last Supper”, a religious themed restaurant, with her best friend since high school, Brenda. The show's creator Emily Spivey has stated that it is based on her life growing up in High Point, North Carolina and is set in the state's Triad region. The name of the show's fictional town, Greenpoint, is a portmanteau of Greensboro and High Point; a map in the episode "The Last Supper" shows Greenpoint in northeast Forsyth County in the region.


title: Bless the Harts

text: "Bless the Harts" loosely shares a universe with the Fox series "King of the Hill", which ran from 1997 to 2010. Spivey cites "King of the Hill" as her major influence for creating "Bless the Harts". The fictional superstore Mega Lo Mart, first introduced in "King of the Hill", makes several appearances in "Bless the Harts".


title: Bless the Harts

text: On September 25, 2018, Fox gave the production a straight-to-series order for a first season consisting of thirteen episodes. The series was created by Emily Spivey, who was also expected to executive produce alongside Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, Kristen Wiig, and Seth Cohen. Production companies involved with the series were slated to include 20th Century Fox Television and Lord Miller Productions, but with the Disney acquisition of 21st Century Fox, the Fox Corporation was added as a production company (also copyright holder) later on.


title: Bless the Harts

text: On November 27, 2019, writer, showrunner, and executive producer Andy Bobrow confirmed that 3 of the episodes in season 1 would air in season 2 as holdovers.