title: Tara Browne

text: Following his death, his estranged wife launched a public legal battle for custody of their two young children; Browne's mother also sought custody. A judge eventually ruled that the boys should live with their grandmother.


title: Tara Browne

text: The death of Browne is captured in the song "A Day in the Life" by the Beatles, which was released on their 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". In a 1980 interview with "Playboy" magazine John Lennon said, "I was reading the paper one day [...] the Guinness heir who killed himself in a car. That was the main headline story. He died in London in a car crash." Lennon, who was a friend of Browne, read the coroner's verdict into Browne's death while composing music at his piano. It was this news which inspired him to write the following lines:


title: Tara Browne

text: In 1997, Paul McCartney gave a different explanation of these lines: However, in his 2021 book "The Lyrics", McCartney confirmed that the lyrics were about the death of Tara Browne.


title: Greg Antonacci

text: Gregory Gerald Antonacci (February 2, 1947 – September 20, 2017) was an American television actor, director, producer, and writer. He is best known for portraying Johnny Torrio in "Boardwalk Empire" in every season, from 2010 to 2014, and as Phil Leotardo's right-hand man Butch DeConcini in "The Sopranos" from 2006 to the series finale in 2007.


title: Greg Antonacci

text: Antonacci was born in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan. As a director, producer, and writer, he worked on a number of television series, including "Busting Loose", "Brothers", "The Tortellis", "Perfect Strangers", "The Royal Family", "The John Larroquette Show", "Herman's Head", "It's a Living", "Soap", and other series.


title: Greg Antonacci

text: As an actor, he is best known for his roles in "The Rockford Files", as Vinnie Morabito on "Busting Loose", Tony Manucci on "Makin' It", Butch DeConcini on "The Sopranos," and Johnny Torrio on "Boardwalk Empire". In 1976, he played the role of Hector in "A Nun's Story" and "Good Time Girls" during season two of "Laverne & Shirley". He made a cameo appearance as a mobster in the 2013 film "The Family".


title: Greg Antonacci

text: Antonacci was also a playwright, theatrical actor, and director, participating in multiple productions and roles at the La MaMa Experimental Theater Club in the East Village throughout the early through mid-1970s. He wrote and performed in the 1971 Off-Off-Broadway musical "Dance Wi' Me (or, The Fatal Twitch)," which was directed by Joel Zwick and produced at La MaMa. This play was produced again at La MaMa in 1974, and then renamed and re-staged as the Broadway musical "Dance With Me," opening January 23, 1975 at the Mayfair Theatre in New York City.


title: Greg Antonacci

text: In 1978, Antonacci married actress Annie Potts. They divorced in 1980. In 1981, he married actress Lynda Costanzo. They had one child. He died at the age of 70 in Massapequa, New York, on September 20, 2017. His death occurred exactly one week after that of Frank Vincent, who played Phil Leotardo, Butch DeConcini's boss, on "The Sopranos".


title: Cannabinol

text: Cannabinol (CBN) is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that acts as a low affinity partial agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors. This activity at CB1 and CB2 receptors constitutes interaction of CBN with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).


title: Cannabinol

text: CBN was the first cannabis compound to be isolated from cannabis extract in the late 1800s. Its structure and chemical synthesis were achieved by 1940, followed by some of the first basic research studies to determine the effects of individual cannabis-derived compounds in vivo. Although CBN shares the same mechanism of action as other phytocannabinoids (e.g., delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol or D9THC), it has a lower affinity for CB1 receptors, meaning that much higher doses of CBN are required in order to experience effects, such as mild sedation.


title: Cannabinol

text: Cannabinoid receptor agonists are categorized into four groups based on chemical structure. CBN, as one of the many phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis Sativa L, is considered a classical cannabinoid. Other examples of compounds in this group include dibenzopyran derivatives such as D9THC, well-known for underlying the subjective “high” experienced by cannabis users, as well as D8THC, and their synthetic analogs. In contrast, endogenously produced cannabinoids (i.e., endocannabinoids), which also exert effects through CB agonism, are considered eicosanoids, distinguished by notable differences in chemical structure.


title: Cannabinol

text: Compared to D9THC, one additional aromatic ring confers CBN with a slower and more limited metabolic profile - see CBN Formation & Metabolism, below. In contrast to THC, CBN has no double bond isomers nor stereoisomers. CBN can degrade into HU-345 from oxidation. In the case of oral administration of CBN, first-pass metabolism in the liver involves the addition of a hydroxyl group at C9 or C11, increasing the affinity and specificity of CBN for both CB1 and CB2 receptors (see 11-OH-CBN).


title: Cannabinol

text: This diagram represents the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways by which phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD, THC, CBN) are created in the cannabis plant. Starting with CBG-A, the acidic forms of certain phytocannabinoids are generated via enzymatic conversion. From there, decarboxylation (i.e., catalyzed by combustion or heat) yields the most well-known metabolites present in the cannabis plant. CBN is unique in that it does not arise from a pre-existing acidic form, but rather is generated through the oxidation of THC.


title: Cannabinol

text: CBN is unique among phytocannabinoids in that its biosynthetic pathway involves conversion directly from D9THC, rather than from an acidic precursor form of CBN (e.g., D9THC arises through decarboxylation of THC-A). CBN can be found in trace amounts in the Cannabis plant, found mostly in cannabis that is aged and stored, allowing for CBN formation through the oxidation of the cannabis plant's main psychoactive and intoxicating chemical, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This process of oxidation occurs via exposure to heat, oxygen, and/or light. Although reports are limited, CBN-A has also been measured at very low levels in the cannabis plant, thought to have formed via hydrolyzation of THC-A ("see Phytocannabinoid Biosynthesis diagram, below").


title: Cannabinol

text: When administered orally, CBN demonstrates a similar metabolism to D9THC, with the primary active metabolite produced through the hydrolyzation of C9 as part of first-pass metabolism in the liver. The active metabolite generated via this process is called 11-OH-CBN, which is 2x as potent as CBN, and has demonstrated activity as a weak CB2 antagonist. This metabolism starkly contrasts that of D9THC in terms of potency, given that 11-OH-THC has been reported to have 10x the potency of D9THC.


title: Cannabinol

text: Due to high lipophilicity and first-pass metabolism, there is low bioavailability of CBN and other cannabinoids following oral administration. CBN metabolism is mediated in part by CYP450 isoforms 2C9 and 3A4. The metabolism of CBN may be catalyzed by UGTs (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases), with a subset of UGT isoforms (1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B7) identified as potential substrates associated with CBN glucuronidation. The bioavailability of CBN following administration via inhalation (e.g., smoking or vaporizing) is approximately 40% that of intravenous administration.


title: Cannabinol

text: CBN was the first cannabis compound to be isolated from cannabis extract in the late 1800s. Its structure and chemical synthesis were achieved by 1940, followed by some of the first preclinical research studies to determine the effects of individual cannabis-derived compounds in vivo.


title: Cannabinol

text: Both THC and CBN activate the CB1 (Ki = 211.2 nM) and CB2 (Ki = 126.4 nM) receptors. Each compound acts as a low affinity partial agonist at CB1 receptors with THC demonstrating 10-13x greater affinity to the CB1 receptor. Compared to THC, CBN has an equivalent or higher affinity to CB2 receptors, which are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous system, but are primarily associated with immune function. CB2 receptors are known to be located on immune cells throughout the body, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells. These immune cells have been shown to decrease production of immune-related chemical signals (e.g., cytokines) or undergo apoptosis as a consequence of CB2 agonism by CBN. In cell culture, CBN demonstrates antimicrobial effects, particularly in instances of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. CBN has also been reported to act as an ANKTM1 channel agonist at high concentrations (>20nM). While some phytocannabinoids have been shown to interact with nociceptive and immune-related signaling via transient receptor potential channels (e.g., TRPV1 and TRPM8), there is currently limited evidence to suggest that CBN acts in this way. In preclinical rodent studies, CBN, anandamide and other CB1 agonists have demonstrated inhibitory effects on GI motility, reversible via CB1R blockade (i.e., antagonism).


title: Cannabinol

text: In considering the efficacy of cannabis-based products, there remains controversy surrounding a concept termed “the entourage effect”. This concept describes a widely-reported but poorly-understood synergistic effect of certain cannabinoids when phytocannabinoids are coadministered with other naturally-occurring chemical compounds in the cannabis plant (e.g., flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids). This entourage effect is often cited to explain the superior efficacy observed in some studies of whole-plant-derived cannabis therapeutics as compared to isolated or synthesized individual cannabis constituents.


title: Cannabinol

text: The table highlights several common cannabinoids along with putative receptor targets and therapeutic properties. Exogenous (plant-derived) phytocannabinoids are identified with an asterisk while remaining chemicals represent well-known endocannabinoids (i.e., endogenously-produced cannabinoid receptor ligands).


title: Cannabinol

text: In the brain, the canonical mechanism of CB1 receptor activation is a form of short-term synaptic plasticity initiated via retrograde signaling of endogenous CB1 agonists such as 2AG or AEA (two primary endocannabinoids). This mechanism of action is called depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) or depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE), depending on the classification of the presynaptic neuron acted upon by the retrograde messenger ("see diagram at left"). In the case of CB1R agonism on the presynaptic membrane of a GABAergic interneuron, activation leads to a net effect of increased activity, while the same activity on a glutamatergic neuron leads to the opposite net effect. The release of other neurotransmitters is also modulated in this way, particularly dopamine, dynorphin, oxytocin, and vasopressin.


title: Cannabinol

text: CBN is not listed in the schedules set out by the United Nations' Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs from 1961 nor their Convention on Psychotropic Substances from 1971, so the signatory countries to these international drug control treaties are not required by these treaties to control CBN.


title: Cannabinol

text: According to the 2018 Farm Bill, extracts from the "Cannabis sativa L." plant, including CBN, are legal under US federal law as long as they have a delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of 0.3 percent or less. and sales or possession of CBN could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Maserati Ghibli ("Tipo M157") is an executive car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati since 2013. The car was unveiled to the public at the 2013 Shanghai Motor Show.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli marks Maserati's comeback in the mid-size luxury car segment after two decades of absence, since the last of the Biturbo family saloons went out of production in 1994; it is a key model in Maserati's plan of reaching a production target of 50,000 units by 2015, expanding its lineup to cover all segments in the luxury car market.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: Assembly of the Ghibli takes place alongside that of the Quattroporte VI at the new Giovanni Agnelli Plant in Grugliasco near Turin, Italy. On September 24, 2019, the 100,000th Ghibli rolled off the production line as announced by Maserati.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: At the 2014 Paris Motor Show Maserati presented the Ghibli Zegna Edition Concept, a concept car previewing the marque's second collaboration with Italian fashion house Ermenegildo Zegna after the Quattroporte Zegna limited edition. The cabin is upholstered in Poltrona Frau leather and anthracite Zegna silk fabric; the exterior features triple-layer "Azzurro Astro" paint and special "Liquid Silver" 20 inch wheels. The concept car is based on a Ghibli S Q4.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli was introduced at the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show and marked Maserati's entry into the mid-size executive car market as being positioned below the Quattroporte. The Ghibli is the first car to be underpinned by the Maserati M156 platform and was the company's best seller until the Levante crossover SUV was launched. The company sold 6,000 units of the car in its first year into the market, which alone exceeded the best sales figures for Maserati for 2008, which was 9,000 cars sold in total of different models. The number increased to 22,500 in 2013 and 36,448 in 2014. It continued to increase in 2015 due to the delay in the Levante's launch.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli also marks the return of the name in the US market as the Biturbo based Ghibli (AM336) was not available for sale there.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The diesel engine in the Ghibli, developed under Ferrari engine specialist Paulo Martinelli, is based on the V6 diesel unit found in the Jeep Grand Cherokee. The engine is exclusive to the European market only. A ZF 8HP transmission powers the rear wheels as used by all the major competition except Mercedes-Benz.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli, which is based on a shorter wheelbase than the flagship Quattroporte, uses a steel monocoque chassis with additional subframes with the front subframe made of aluminium. Tested weight distribution for the diesel version stands at 51/49 front/rear.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: Both the Ghibli and the Quattroporte share the same suspension although the Skyhook suspension is optional on the former. An optional Koni adaptive sport suspension is also available. From the 2018 model year the Ghibli can be optioned with one of two new trims, namely GranSport and GranLusso, all of which relate to the interior of the car with the GranSport trim featuring an aggressive front bumper.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli uses a customized version of the Uconnect infotainment system found in other FCA vehicles like the Dodge Charger. Buyers have different leather upholstery for the interior to choose from. An Alcantara headliner, a premium Harman Kardon or Bowers and Wilkins sound system, wood, carbon fiber and optional metal and weaved leather interior inserts and steering wheel are available as an option.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: Safety features and amenities include adaptive cruise control, adaptive LED headlights supplied by Magnetti Marelli, lane keep assist, steering assist and brake force assist. The car received a five-star crash test rating from NCAP due to these features.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The S is a high-performance variant of the Ghibli boasting power output and performance improvements. It was initially powered by a version of the twin-turbocharged V6 engine used in the Ghibli but was uprated at in 2017. Despite the similarities to the Alfa Romeo V6 engine, which is also manufactured by Ferrari, the Maserati engine is not related to the Alfa Romeo engine since the Maserati engine is a 60-degree V6 (using a block cast by Chrysler) rather than Alfa Romeo's 90-degree unit. The same unit is also used by the high performance version of the Levante SUV as well as some Quattroporte models.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli S was initially equipped with a hydraulic power steering which was changed to an electric power steering when the Ghibli range received updates. It also benefits from the same safety features as the base Ghibli.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: In occasion of Maserati's centenary, the limited edition Maserati 100th Anniversary Neiman Marcus Ghibli S Q4 is the luxury car included in the 2014 edition of the Neiman Marcus Christmas Book gift catalogue. It is distinguished by Grigio Maratea paint over a Cuoio tan leather interior, forged multi-spoke wheels and black grille surround. The allotment is limited to 100 units, each priced at $95,000.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: In a world’s first, the hybrid version of the Ghibli features a 2.0L turbocharged 4 cylinder petrol engines, with a 48 volt electric supercharger "e-Booster" and supported by a battery.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The battery is mounted in the rear of the car, which Maserati claims benefits the weight distribution. The hybrid version weighs around less than the Diesel version. The car has a maximum output of 330 horsepower and torque of 450 Nm delivered from 1,500 rpm. The car has a top speed of and acceleration from 0 to in 5.7 seconds.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Maserati Ghibli shares the architecture of the sixth-generation of the Maserati Quattroporte, but sits on a shorter wheelbase for a shorter overall length. Suspension is a double wishbone unit at the front axle and 5-link multilink unit at the rear axle; Maserati's Skyhook adaptive damping system is optional. All Ghibli models employ a ZF 8-speed 8HP automatic transmission and a rear limited slip differential.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The braking system uses vented discs on all four corners, four-piston callipers at the front and floating callipers at the rear; the S models come with larger cross-drilled dual-cast rotors, six-piston callipers at the front and four-piston calipers at the rear.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: From launch, the Ghibli is available with a choice of two petrol and one diesel engines: a 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged V6 in the base Ghibli models, a twin-turbocharged V6 in the


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: high performance Ghibli S or Ghibli S Q4 (all wheel drive version, which is only available with this engine), or a 3.0-litre V6 turbo-diesel in the Ghibli Diesel.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The petrol engine is a 60° V6. It utilizes a turbocharger per cylinder bank, twin intercoolers and direct injection. The engine is designed and assembled by Ferrari. In 2017 the Ghibli S and S Q4 were upgraded to and of torque.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The Ghibli is the first Maserati in history to be offered with a diesel engine. The unit is a , common rail, single variable-geometry turbocharged "A630" V6 designed and produced by Fiat Powertrain's subsidiary VM Motori.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: On the Italian market, only a slightly detuned diesel version is also available at the same price, because of the higher taxation on cars with more than .


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The high performance S version of the Ghibli is also available with all-wheel drive. Attached to the end of the 8-speed transmission is a transfer case, containing an electronically controlled multi-plate wet clutch, which sends power through a drive shaft to an open differential bolted to the oil pan.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: During normal operation the car is rear-wheel drive only; when needed the system can divert up of 50% of engine power to the front wheels.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: The system adds to the weight of the car, with no change in gas mileage or weight distribution. All-wheel-drive Maserati vehicles make up 70 percent of the company's sedan sales in the United States. The powertrain is the same as that in the Quattroporte VI (Q4).


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: In 2013 the US-specification 2014 Maserati Ghibli was tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, receiving "Good" rating in all four tests (moderate overlap front impact, side impact, roof strength, head restraints and seats); it therefore qualified for the 2013 Top Safety Pick.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: In 2021, the Trofeo includes features such as: Full-speed adaptive cruise control, traffic-sign recognition, blind-spot monitoring, lane-keeping assist, automatic emergency braking.


title: Maserati Ghibli (M157)

text: In the United States, the Ghibli was used in a commercial during Super Bowl XLVIII called "Strike", which aired on 2 February 2014. This marked the first time that Maserati aired an ad in the United States, which is part of Fiat Chrysler's promotional push to expand its brands in North America, as it prepared to sell the Ghibli there in the first quarter of 2014.


title: Same Bed, Different Dreams 2: You Are My Destiny

text: Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 - You Are My Destiny () is a South Korean television entertainment program, distributed and syndicated by SBS. It's the second season of the show "Same Bed, Different Dreams" which underwent a format change, now focusing on the life of celebrity couples.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Harvard Divinity School (HDS) is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school's mission is to educate its students either in the academic study of religion or for leadership roles in religion, government, and service. It also caters to students from other Harvard schools that are interested in the former field. HDS is among a small group of university-based, non-denominational divinity schools in the United States (others include University of Chicago Divinity School, Yale Divinity School, Vanderbilt University Divinity School, and Wake Forest University School of Divinity).


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Harvard College was founded in 1636 as a Puritan/Congregationalist institution and trained ministers for many years. The separate institution of the Divinity School dates from 1816, when it was established as the first non-denominational divinity school in the United States. (Princeton Theological Seminary had been founded as a Presbyterian institution in 1812. Andover Theological Seminary was founded in 1807 by orthodox Calvinists who fled Harvard College after it appointed liberal theologian Henry Ware to the Hollis Professorship of Divinity in 1805.)


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: During its first century, Harvard Divinity School was unofficially associated with American Unitarianism. It also retains a historical tie to one of the successor denominations of American Congregationalism, the United Church of Christ.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Throughout the 18th century, Enlightenment ideas of the power of reason and free will became widespread among Congregationalist ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations in tension with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, the overseer of the college Jedidiah Morse demanded that orthodox men be elected.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Nevertheless, after much struggle, the Unitarian Henry Ware was elected in 1805, which signaled the changing of the tide from the dominance of traditional, Calvinist ideas at Harvard to the dominance of liberal, Arminian ideas (defined by traditionalists as Unitarian ideas). The appointment of Ware, with the election of the liberal Samuel Webber to the presidency of Harvard two years later, led Jedidiah Morse and other conservatives to found the Andover Theological Seminary as an orthodox alternative to the Harvard Divinity School.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Today, students and faculty come from a variety of religious backgrounds: Christian (all denominations), Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and others. Its academic programs attempt to balance theology and religious studies—that is, the "believer's" perspective on religion with the "secular" perspective on religion. This is in contrast to many other divinity schools where one or the other is given primacy (Yale Divinity School, for example, emphasizes its theological program, while the majority of students at the University of Chicago Divinity School enroll in its "religious studies" Master of Arts program).


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Divinity Hall, dedicated in 1826, was the first Harvard building built outside Harvard Yard. It contains classrooms, faculty and staff offices, and Divinity Chapel, also called Emerson Chapel, where Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the Divinity School Address in 1838.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Completed in 1911 at a cost of $300,000, Andover Hall was designed by Allen and Collens, a firm that focused largely on neo-medieval and ecclesiastical designs, and is the only building at Harvard built in the Collegiate Gothic style of architecture.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Andover Hall was commissioned by Andover Theological Seminary, which, by 1906, saw its enrollment slide and entered an affiliation with the Divinity School in 1908. The Hall contained a chapel, library, dorms, and seminar and lecture rooms. Today, the building still contains a chapel and some classrooms, but it also holds many administrative and faculty offices.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: On May 1, 2019, the building's name was changed to Swartz Hall in honor of philanthropists Susan Shallcross Swartz and James R. Swartz.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Jewett House, constructed in 1913, is named for its first occupant, James Richard Jewett, a Harvard University professor of Arabic from 1914 to 1933. Jewett’s son had donated the house to Harvard for the use of the Divinity School, but it was instead used by Harvard University Press. In 1956, the house was renovated to serve as the home of the Harvard Divinity School's dean.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The Carriage House of Jewett House is now the home for the Women’s Studies in Religion Program. In the past, it served as a home or office for a series of Divinity School faculty and staff, including the family of Brita and former dean Krister Stendahl, who lived in the Carriage House in the 1960s.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Previously housed in Andover Hall, the library moved into its own two-story granite building, designed by Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott in 1960. In September 2001, the library completed an $11.5-million renovation that added two stories, enhanced its technology facilities and study areas, and improved its information systems.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Constructed in 1960, the Center for the Study of World Religions building was designed by the Catalonian architect Josep Lluis Sert, then dean of Harvard's Graduate School of Design, for what was his first Harvard commission.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Rockefeller Hall, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes in 1970, featured seminar rooms and a refectory on the ground floor and student housing above. A 2008 renovation by VSBA/Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Inc. transformed the upper floors into staff offices, modernized access and created the fourth LEED Gold building at Harvard.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Harvard Divinity School is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) and approved by ATS to grant the following degrees:


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: In April 2014, the faculty of HDS voted to suspend admission to its Doctor of Theology (Th.D.) program, although students already enrolled in the Th.D. program were allowed to complete their degrees. Instead, doctoral students pursue Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees under the auspices of the Committee on the Study of Religion, which is made up of 50% Arts and Sciences and 50% Divinity faculty members and housed in the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. While many Ph.D. students in the GSAS take courses at HDS, and both HDS and FAS characterize the Ph.D. as a joint program, Ph.D. students are formally enrolled in the GSAS and not HDS; only the GSAS at Harvard may award the Ph.D.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Candidates for the M.Div. are required to take at least 12 courses in scriptural interpretation and histories, theologies, and practices. Those 12 courses must include:


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Library support for the study of religion at Harvard predates the establishment of the Divinity School; almost three-fourths of the 400 volumes that John Harvard gave to Harvard College in 1638 were theological in nature. Books on religion made up a third to a half of the college’s holdings until the Divinity School was established in 1816 and duplicates from the College Library were combined with new purchases to form the beginnings of a specialized library for the school. In 1911, Harvard Divinity School and Andover Theological Seminary formed a partnership and agreed to house their collections together in a common library; when the educational partnership of the schools was dissolved in 1926, Andover Seminary's deposits remained in the library under the terms of a continuing agreement. The library's name changed from "Andover-Harvard Theological Library" to "Harvard Divinity School Library" in 2021.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The library’s collections include all religious traditions in order to support the many approaches to the study of religion at Harvard Divinity School. Its historical collection strengths include Protestant Christianity, Unitarian Universalism, and biblical studies. Additional areas of collecting emphasis since the second half of the twentieth century include women’s studies in religion, the relation of religion to ethnicity and to LGBTQ studies, the ecumenical movement, interreligious communication, and religion and peace-making. Similarly, the rare book collection has strengths in early Protestant Christianity, Unitarian Universalism and related “nonconforming” traditions, and biblical studies. Notable special collections include the papers of Unitarian preacher and theologian William Ellery Channing, theologians Paul Tillich and H. Richard Niebuhr, and New Testament scholar Caspar René Gregory.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Harvard Divinity School Library is part of Harvard Library, whose resources are available to all faculty, staff, and students at HDS. Harvard Library's collection has over six million digitized items, 20 million print volumes, 400 million manuscripts, one million maps, tens of millions of digital images, and rare and special collections. Harvard Library collects collaboratively with peer institutions and facilitates international open access, multiplying researchers’ access to materials.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The HDS Library also participates in the Boston Theological Interreligious Consortium (BTI) library program, which extends borrowing privileges to HDS students and faculty at libraries of other BTI schools.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Founded in 1960 after an anonymous donation in 1957, the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard Divinity School is a residential community of academic fellows, graduate students, and visiting professors of many world religious traditions. The Center focuses on the understanding of religions globally through its research, publications, funding, and public programs. It welcomes scholars and practitioners and highlights the intellectual and historical dimensions of religious dialogue.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The Center sponsors a diverse range of educative programs, ranging from public lectures to colloquia and reading groups, student-initiated projects, and "religion in the news" lunches on topics of public interest. The center's meditation room is open to all members of the Harvard community.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Directors of the CSWR have included Robert H. L. Slater (1958-64), Wilfred Cantwell Smith (1954-73), John B. Carman (1973-89), Lawrence E. Sullivan (1990-2003), Donald K. Swearer (2004-10), and Francis X. Clooney (2010-17). , its director is Charles Stang, a scholar of ancient Christianity, focusing especially on Eastern varieties of late antique Christianity.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The Women's Studies in Religion Program (WSRP) at Harvard Divinity School was founded in 1973 as a response to student requests to include women's perspectives in the sources, methods, and subject matter of the HDS curriculum. The program brings five postdoctoral scholars to HDS as visiting faculty each year. Each research associate works on a book-length research project related to religion and gender and teaches a course related to their research. Since its founding, the program has supported more than 200 scholars from institutions of higher learning in the United States and around the world.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Directors of the Women's Studies in Religion Program include Brinton Lykes (1973-77), Constance Buchanan (1977-97), and Ann D. Braude (1998-present).


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The Program in Religion and Secondary Education (PRSE) was a teacher education program that prepared students to teach about religion in public schools from a non-sectarian perspective. It began in 1972 as a two-year pilot project known as the "Secondary School Teaching Certificate Option," and by 1983, it had evolved into a collaboration between Harvard Divinity School and the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Students in the master of theological studies or master of divinity degree programs integrated their work in religion with courses on education and public policy to understand the relationship between religion and education and to advance religious literacy within their fields of licensure. The program stopped admitting new students in the 2009–10 academic year, although students who were already in the PRSE were able to finish their degrees in normal fashion.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The Summer Leadership Institute (SLI) was a two-week training program that sought to establish theological instruction and grounding for individuals engaged in community and economic development. It was offered by Harvard Divinity School from 1998 to 2008.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: The program of study was divided into four modules: Theology, Ethics, and Public Policy; Organizational Development and Management; Housing and Community Development; and Finance and Economic Development. Participants also developed individual plans of action, on a case-study model, applicable to the local work in their communities. It was a full-time residential program, holding classes five days a week, with an emphasis on faith-based case studies of corporations and communities.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: More than 450 participants completed the program. About 50 people were selected each year from around the United States and internationally to participate in lectures, seminars, and field visits with faculty from across Harvard and other recognized experts.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: "Harvard Divinity Bulletin" is a glossy magazine published by Harvard Divinity School two times per calendar year. The magazine features nonfiction essays, opinion pieces, poetry, and reviews about religion and its relationship with contemporary life, art, and culture. The magazine often publishes the text of each year's "Ingersoll Lecture on Human Immortality". It is mailed to a subscriber base of approximately 10,000. The magazine is sent free to Harvard Divinity School students, faculty, alumni, staff, and supporters; others are asked to subscribe. Past contributors have included Reza Aslan, Martine Batchelor, Sarah Sentilles, and Christian Wiman.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Founded in 1908, "Harvard Theological Review" is a quarterly journal that publishes original research in many scholarly and religious fields, including ethics, archeology, Christianity, Jewish studies, and comparative religious studies.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: Founded in 2006 as "Cult/ure", "The Graduate Journal of Harvard Divinity School" is the print/online, student-run academic journal of Harvard Divinity School and the only graduate journal of religion at Harvard University. It publishes exemplary student scholarship in the areas of religious studies, ministry studies, and theology every year.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: "HD Today" was an alumni magazine published three times per year by the HDS Office of Communications. It included original news articles, event listings, an alumni journal, and class notes. It ceased publication in spring 2012.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: "The Nave" was a newsletter of HDS student activities and events published from 1975 to 2007 by the HDS Office of Student Life. The newsletter transitioned from paper to online in 2002. "The Nave" included announcements of lectures, social events, important academic deadlines, and other matters.


title: Harvard Divinity School

text: "The Wick" was a student-run journal for literary and creative works by the HDS community. "The Wick" published both published and unpublished writers of fiction, poetry, essays, photography, sermons, and creative non-fiction. It was last listed as a Harvard Divinity School student organization in the 2014-15 academic year.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Sailor Mercury is the first Sailor Guardian to be discovered by Sailor Moon. She serves as the "brains" of the group, as she is highly intelligent and can also use a supercomputer to collect useful information in battles. She possesses powers associated with water and ice.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Aside from the main body of the "Sailor Moon" series, Ami features in her own short story in the manga, "Ami's First Love". Originally published in volume fourteen of the manga, this was the only of three "Exam Battle" stories to be made into a special for the anime which makes her one of the most recognizable and popular characters in the series. A number of image songs mentioning Ami's character have been released as well, including the contents of three different 3-inch CD singles.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami's most emphasized character trait is that she is extremely intelligent—in the anime and manga she is rumored by other characters to have an IQ of three hundred, while in the stage musicals this is stated as a fact. She is adept at English in both the musicals and the anime, and in the live action it was clearly, although briefly, demonstrated by the actress portraying her (actress Chisaki Hama was speaking to an English speaking character as her character was visiting the United States as a medical intern). Her peers view her with a mixture of awe and distaste, misinterpreting her inherent shyness as snobbery, and so she tends to have a difficult time making new friends. Ami is depicted as kind, sweet, gentle, and loyal, as well as slightly insecure. She also dislikes the fights of Sailor Moon and Sailor Mars. Anne Allison describes her as "a smart girl who needs to relax", calling her "conscientious" and "studious", "everything Usagi is not". Early on in the story, she relies heavily on the approval of her mother, teachers, and friends, but as the series progresses she becomes stronger and more confident in herself. She is generally the most sensible of the main characters, and is often the only one embarrassed when the group has a dull-witted moment. As the story begins, she attends Azabu Jūban Junior High along with Usagi Tsukino and, later, Makoto Kino.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Throughout the series, much of Ami's free time is spent studying. She loves to read, and dreams aloud of one day being a doctor like her mother and becomes one in both Parallel Sailor Moon and the live action series. In the musicals, Ami's dream of being a doctor and leaving Japan to study abroad is a recurring theme. The first part of the song shows Ami's conflict between studying abroad and growing up or being with everyone else and staying a young girl. She faces a similar dilemma in the anime, but very directly; given the opportunity to study in Germany, she gets as far as the airport before deciding to stay in Japan and fight evil alongside her friends.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami has a great appreciation for art as well as science, and, contrary to the usual depiction of a bookworm, enjoys pop culture and romance novels (though she is usually embarrassed to admit it). In both the anime and the manga, Ami's diligence in her studies becomes a running gag; she often comically scolds Usagi and the others for not doing their homework, and she can become obsessive about being the best student. Her character has been interpreted as a political commentary on the education system of Japan. She sometimes displays attraction to boys her age, and other times aversion to the idea. Love letters are listed as the one thing she has most trouble with, and when she later receives one, it gives her a rash. In the anime, a classmate named Ryo Urawa learns her identity and expresses attraction to her, but this is never resolved, as he disappears after just two appearances in the first series.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Besides reading, Ami is shown playing chess and swimming in order to relax. As the team scholar, computers are listed her strong point; she even belongs to the club at school. She loves all her classes, especially mathematics. Her favorite foods are given as sandwiches and anmitsu, with her least favorite being yellowtail. Other loves include cats, the colors aquamarine and blue, the flower Water Lily, and the gemstone sapphire.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami is one of the few girls in the series whose family situation is explicitly mentioned in the anime. Her parents are divorced, and she lives with her mother, a busy doctor who is not home very often, named Saeko in the live-action series. They look very similar, and Ami admires her mother and longs to live up to her example. Besides her workaholic tendencies, Dr. Mizuno is portrayed as a good person who openly resents not having more time to spend with her daughter. Ami's father is never named, but is stated in the manga and anime to be a painter. The manga says that he never visits them, having decided one day not to come home from the forest where he was relaxing and painting, but he sends her postcards on her birthday. Thinking about this, Ami sometimes resents her parents' selfishness in separating, partly because divorce in Japan is taboo. However, in the anime Ami seems to appreciate her father and seems to share some of his artistic traits, at one point even composing matching lyrics for a tune that had none. In the manga, Ami's mother is revealed to be fairly rich, as they live in a condominium. Ami is shown testing the strength of a sword that the Sailor Soldiers received on the Moon by using it to chip a diamond ring. (Classically, a diamond is the hardest mineral.) When the girls panic, she calms them by saying that her mother has many more.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the live-action series, Ami is especially shy and usually wears glasses while in public, even though she does not need them. At her middle school, she has no friends before meeting Usagi and always eats lunch alone on the roof so she can study. Usagi seems to be the only one to realize that Ami is merely shy, not truly standoffish, and in befriending her gradually helps Ami to learn that she is more than just a bookworm. By Act 34, when Ami's mother attempts to transfer her to another school because she thinks Ami's friends are bad influences, Ami rebels, avoiding the admission interview and spending the night at the Sailor Guardians' hideout with Rei Hino. Later she tells her mother that what she's doing in her life right now is more important than studying, and her mother understands.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami is a kind and gentle girl who dislikes quarrels and abhors harming innocent people. These traits are even cited in the title of an anime episode, "Believe in Love! Ami, a Kind-Hearted Soldier", where she persuaded Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune not to kill Hotaru. Like her comrades, her loyalty to Sailor Moon is unwavering, and she would sacrifice her life for her princess if necessary.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: As a character with different incarnations, special abilities, powers, transformations, and ageless extended longevity; an extremely long lifetime virtually spanned between the Silver Millennium era and the 30th century, Ami gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami's Sailor Soldier identity is Sailor Mercury. She wears a uniform colored in shades of blue. In the manga and live-action series, her outfit is initially sleeveless and she has three blue studs in each of her ears. Her "Sailor Moon Crystal" design is largely faithful to her manga design, with the exception of having one blue stud on her right ear, and three on the left. In contrast, the original anime initially depicted her with sleeves and a single blue stud in each ear. Sailor Mercury is given specific titles throughout the various series, including Soldier of Water and Wisdom, Soldier of Intelligence, Soldier of Justice and Wisdom, and Soldier of Love and Exams. Her personality is no different from when she is a civilian, although certain special abilities are unavailable to her in that form.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In Japanese, the name for the planet Mercury is , the first kanji meaning "water" and the second indicating a celestial object. Although the Roman planet-name is used, Sailor Mercury's abilities are water-based due to this aspect of Japanese mythology. Initially most of her powers are strategic rather than offensive, and she possesses various pieces of computerized equipment to help her study the enemy.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: As she grows much stronger and more powerful, Sailor Mercury gains additional powers, and at key points her uniform changes to reflect this. The first change takes place in Act 35 of the manga, when she obtains the Mercury Crystal and her outfit becomes similar to that of Super Sailor Moon. She is not given a new title. A similar event is divided between episodes 143 and 151 of the anime, and she is given the name Super Sailor Mercury. A third form appears in Act 42 of the manga, unnamed but analogous to Eternal Sailor Moon ("sans" wings). In the official visual book for Sailor Moon Eternal, this form was named "Eternal Sailor Mercury".


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the live action series, Ami is briefly taken over by the power of the Dark Kingdom and becomes . This form first appears in Act 21, as a servant of Kunzite. Her sailor suit has black tulle and lace on the back bow and sleeves, and tribal designs appear on her tiara and boots. She also gains a chain with a black charm on it around her waist. Her transformation phrase is "Dark Power! Make-up!" and is said in a much darker tone. She wields a sword fashioned from an icicle, which she creates herself the first time her transformation is displayed. In promotional photos prior to her premiere, she was shown with a different sword, which seemed to have strings on it like a harp or violin; the latter seems more likely, as she is also seen holding a bow. This bow was redecorated and given to Zoisite for use as a sword.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Dark Mercury is created when Kunzite manages to kidnap Ami in a moment of vulnerability while the other Sailor Guardians are busy. He exposes her directly to the power of Queen Metaria, causing drastic personality changes as well as the alterations to her uniform. She is self-confident to the point of egotism, and continues to attend school in civilian form, mainly to antagonize Usagi by brainwashing all of her former friends. Dressing predominantly in black, evil-Ami tends to move about slowly and dramatically, and when confronting the Sailor Guardians gives a sense of sadistic glee.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Dark Mercury has no intention of being a follower to anyone, and is always trying to pursue her own agenda, which is to kill her friends and become as strong as possible. She shows blatant disrespect to Kunzite and the other Kings of Heaven, even to Queen Beryl, perhaps because, unlike even the Four Kings of Heaven, she had been directly exposed to Metaria's power during her conversion, as opposed to having Queen Beryl or another intermediary filtering it.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Despite these alterations, certain aspects of the real Ami still remain. She still wants to do well in school, and wants friends, hence the brainwashing of her classmates. She seems to retain a sense of sympathy, which is evident when she repairs Nephrite's cape for him, stating that she does not like to see him alone.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Periodically, Sailor Moon attempts to heal her friend with the power of the Silver Crystal. Mercury is always snatched away before this can be completed, but it has some effect, ultimately resulting in her recovery. In Act 28, the catalyst for her finally returning to normal is when, having defeated Sailor Moon in battle, the sight of her injured friend causes her to realize she cares about Usagi, and to remember who she really is. After being healed, she has no memories of what happened while she was Dark Mercury. This haunts her, as she becomes terrified of what she may have done to her friends while not in control.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: According to the manga, during the age of Silver Millennium, Sailor Mercury was also the Princess of her home planet. She was among those given the duty of protecting Princess Serenity of Silver Millennium. As Princess Mercury, she dwelt in Mariner Castle and wore a light blue gown—she appears in this form in the original manga and in supplementary art. Naoko Takeuchi once drew her in the arms of Zoisite, but no further romantic link between them was established in the manga or the first anime adaptation. However, in "Sailor Moon Crystal", it is clearly stated that Sailor Mercury and Zoisite were in love during the Silver Millennium. This is also established in the first stage musical, and in the later "Eien Densetsu", where Ami and a disguised Zoisite share a duet, .


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the manga, Ami can dowse without any aids. Otherwise, she is not shown using any special powers in her civilian form, and may not be able to. She must first transform into a Sailor Guardian by raising a special device (pen, bracelet, wand, or crystal) into the air and shouting a special phrase, originally "Mercury Power, Make-up!" As she becomes more powerful and obtains new transformation devices, this phrase changes to evoke Mercury Star, Planet, or Crystal Power. In both anime, Sailor Mercury's transformation sequence evolves slightly over time, whether to update the background images or to accommodate changes to her uniform or a new transformation device, but all of them involve a stream of water which she whirls around her body as she spins, forming her outfit with a ripple-like effect.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Sailor Mercury has the power to create and manipulate water. For the entire first story arc, she uses her water-manipulating capabilities only to create solid and dense clouds of mist and fog, chilling and blinding the enemy while her allies prepare more direct attacks. In the manga she usually does this without speaking, while in the anime it is given the name "Shabon Spray". In the updated renewal manga, this power is renamed "Mercury Aqua Mist" to match the live-action series and the second anime series, in which she has an offensive beam attack by that name, capable of destroying weaker enemies. She uses a total of five attacks in this series, most of which are variations on the first.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Sailor Mercury's first major offensive attack is "Shine Aqua Illusion", introduced in the second story arc, which can be used as a projectile, to freeze the enemy in solid ice, or to create a defensive barrier out of solid ice. Aside from variations on her other powers (mostly improving their strength with the addition of "Freezing" or "Snow"), her next named attack is "Mercury Aqua Mirage", used during the third arc of the manga and again in the special side-story "Ami's First Love" (manga and anime) and she also uses this attack in second anime series. Her final and greatest strength and power comes in the fourth story arc, when she takes on her second Sailor Soldier form (Super Sailor Mercury in the anime). At this stage she acquires a special weapon, the Mercury Rod, and with it "Mercury Aqua Rhapsody", which is her primary attack for the duration of the story. In the anime, Mercury gains the rod deep within her subconscious. The manga took a different approach with the Mercury Rod making it more of an item rather than a rod formed due to the attack. Furthermore, Sailor Mercury gained the rod through her power guardian. In the manga the Mercury Rod, as well as the other Sailor Soldiers' weapons have their own "wills" and can even speak and give input.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In addition to her own powers, Sailor Mercury has more non-magical items than any other Sailor Soldier. Early on in the series she makes frequent use of an extremely powerful "Micro-miniature Super Computer" that enables her to make special calculations, scan her surroundings, track the movements of allies as well as foes, and determine her enemies' weak points. The computer works in sync with her Mercury Goggles, which analyzes the area around her and displays information in front of her eyes and on the Computer. The visor may be a hologram of some sort; it materializes across her face when she touches her earring. The manga sometimes shows her wearing a small microphone connected to her earring, which she uses to communicate with Luna at the Sailor Guardians' hideout during the manga's first arc. All of these devices gradually fall out of use as the series progresses. She is one of two Sailor Guardians to use it for a named attack ("Mercury Aqua Storm"), and later can transform it into a sword. She also creates swords out of water, both as Sailor Mercury and as Dark Mercury.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the manga, the Mercury Crystal and Mercury Rod are among her most significant magical possessions. The former is her Sailor Crystal and the source of all of her power, which becomes especially important in the fifth story arc.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami was not included in the original proposal for a hypothetical "" anime, which instead featured Minako's very similar-looking best friend from that series, Hikaru Sorano. She was present, however, by the time the concept was expanded to center on "Sailor Moon".


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Creator Naoko Takeuchi designed Ami as the "team brain", giving her genius-level intelligence to create the impression that she was not quite human—in fact, the character was originally intended to be a cyborg with an accelerator. One possible storyline involved her losing an arm or being injured in some other way and dying from it, but Takeuchi's editor objected, so Ami became a fully human character.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Sailor Mercury's original costume design, like the others', was fully unique. It featured full-length sleeves, pink ribbons, shoulder guards, green accents, buttons on the stomach, and high-tech goggles. Later, Takeuchi was surprised by these sketches and stated that she did not remember drawing them. She also describes Ami as looking like Noriko Sakai, a J-pop idol of the early 1990s, and in Ami's original debut, Usagi thinks to herself that Ami resembles Miss Rain, a character from another Takeuchi series. This reference was removed in the 2003 renewal manga.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: The kanji in Ami's last name translate as and ; and her first name translates as and . It is structured as a pun, as the syllable "no" indicates a possessive, so that her name can also be understood as "Beauty of Water." It is frequently mistranslated as "Friend of Water" because of the French word "ami", which is included in some Japanese dictionaries.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the original anime production of "Sailor Moon", Ami was voiced by veteran voice actress Aya Hisakawa. After the show's conclusion, Hisakawa wrote in an artbook that she was "raised by" the character of Ami, and was "really, greatly happy" to have met her.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, Ami's name is changed to "Amy". Her voice was provided first by Karen Bernstein, for the original and R series and the movies, and later by Liza Balkan for the S and SuperS series. In the Viz Media English dub Ami's voice is supplied by Kate Higgins.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: Ami has been portrayed by 11 actresses in the stage musicals: Ayako Morino, Yukiko Miyagawa, Hisano Akamine, Mariya Izawa, Chieko Kawabe, Manami Wakayama, Miyabi Matsura, Momoyo Koyama, Yume Takeuchi, Riria Itou, Miria Watanabe, Cocona, Umino Kawamura and Momoko Kaechi.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: In Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, she is played by Rika Izumi. Child actress Kanki Matsumoto portrays Ami in flashback sequences and childhood photographs.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: The official "Sailor Moon" character popularity polls listed Ami Mizuno and Sailor Mercury as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked them at seventh and fourth respectively, out of thirty eight choices. One year later, now with fifty choices, Ami was the eighth most popular while Mercury was ninth. In 1994, with fifty one choices, Ami was the fifteenth most popular character, and Mercury was sixteenth. In early 1996, with fifty one choices, Ami was again the fifteenth most popular character, and Mercury was the nineteenth. Ami was the most popular female character in Animage's May 1993 poll, and an episode featuring her, "Love for Ami?! A Boy Who Can Predict the Future", was the eleventh favorite episode. The following year she came second behind Belldandy, and in 1995 she came fifth. In 1995, an episode featuring Ami, "The Labyrinth of Water! Ami the Targeted", was the ninth favorite episode. In 1996, after the debut of Neon Genesis Evangelion, she came sixteenth, and in 1997 she came twentieth.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: A five-book series was published, one book on each of the Sailor Soldiers and Sailor Moon. Ami's was released in 1996. This book was later translated into English by Mixx. The episode where Sailor Mercury gained her powers was novelised by Mixx.


title: Sailor Mercury

text: She was popular with the male audience of "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon" due to her computer use and skills.


title: Gun law in India

text: Indian law allows firearm possession on a may-issue basis. With approximately five civilian firearms per 100 people, India is the 120th civilly most armed country in the world.


title: Gun law in India

text: Prior to the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, there were few gun control laws in India. The Indian Arms Act, 1878 regulated the manufacture, sale, possession, and carriage of firearms. The act included the mandatory licensing to carry a weapon, but contained exclusions for some groups and persons, for instance "all persons of Kodava (Coorg) race".


title: Gun law in India

text: In the late 1890s, the British Empire was facing a series of internal insurrections in India (as well in Sudan), and the .450 calibre .577/450 Martini–Henry rifle was the most widely distributed firearm in the hands of the anti-British forces. In 1907 the British authorities banned civilians from possessing rifles chambered in a calibre corresponding to British military centerfire cartridges (e. g., .303, .450, and .577) to prevent them from being used against British troops and authorities, or even just bullets being pulled from military ammo and used to reload expended commercial cartridges.


title: Gun law in India

text: That led to the replacement of the .303 with 8×50mmR Mannlicher, locally known as .315 Indian, demise of .375/303 hunting cartridge, which had to be replaced with .318, as well as to a rush by British rifle and ammunition makers to develop substitutes for now-banned popular big-game hunting rounds (Holland & Holland created the .465, Joseph Lang the .470, an unidentified firm the .475 Nitro Express, Eley Brothers the .475 No 2 Nitro Express and Westley Richards the .476, with the .470 NE becoming the most popular). .400 also gained some usage.


title: Gun law in India

text: In 1959 the Arms Act was passed with new strict rules. It has been amended many times since, most recently in 2019.


title: Gun law in India

text: The law states that a license can be issued to anyone who has a good reason without stipulating what constitutes a good reason. Typically, applicants wanting a license for self-defense purposes need to prove danger to their life. Article 14 states that authorities can deny a license for unspecified "public peace or for public safety" reasons. They are not obligated to give reason for refusal of an application if they deem it to be necessary. Firearm licenses must be renewed every five years. Approximately 50% of the applications for license are accepted. For example, of the 12.8 million inhabitants, between April 2015 and March 2016, authorities in Mumbai rejected 169 out of 342 firearm applications.


title: Gun law in India

text: Some local jurisdictions may have additional requirements for granting licenses. For example in 2019 the commissioner of Firozpur district in Punjab ordered that every license applicant must plant at least 10 trees and take photos with them.


title: Gun law in India

text: As of 2016, there are 3,369,444 firearm licenses active in India with 9,700,000 firearms registered to them. According to "Small Arms Survey", there are 61,401,000 illegal firearms in India.


title: Gun law in India

text: There are around 3.22 gun homicides per 100,000 people in India every year. Around 90% of them are committed using illegal guns.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol is a 1987 American comedy film. It is the fourth installment in the "Police Academy" franchise. It was released on April 3, 1987 and is the sequel to "".


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: A group of Police Academy graduates are sent to train a group of newly recruited civilian officers. The original "Police Academy" cast reprise their roles in the film. Capt. Harris, not seen since the first installment, returns as the film's nemesis. In "" and "", Capt. Mauser (played by Art Metrano) filled that role, but Metrano asked to be replaced for the remainder of the series after filming number 3. This was the last "Police Academy" film to feature Steve Guttenberg as Carey Mahoney.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: This film also stars a young David Spade in his feature film debut, as well as featuring a brief appearance from pro skateboarder Tony Hawk as Spade's double in a skateboarding scene. Despite the commercial success, the sequel was panned by film critics.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Commandant Eric Lassard decides the police force is overworked and understaffed, so he comes up with the idea of recruiting civilian volunteers to work side by side with his officers in a program called "Citizens On Patrol" (COP).


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Carey Mahoney and his friends Moses Hightower, Larvell Jones, Eugene Tackleberry, Zed, Sweetchuck, Laverne Hooks, and Debbie Callahan are in charge of training the civilians. The civilians include the enormous Tommy "House" Conklin (who Hightower used to babysit), gung-ho senior citizen Lois Feldman, Tackleberry's own father-in-law, and skateboarding delinquents Kyle and Arnie. The latter pair were caught by Capt. Harris, and the judge was about to throw the book at them until Mahoney speaks to the judge to let Arnie and Kyle join the COP program as alternative punishment. The judge agrees, and the boys are joined by their attorney, Butterworth.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Believing "the concept of citizens doing police work is asinine", Harris is determined to see the COP program fail and take over Lassard's job at the academy. When Lassard leaves on an overseas conference, Harris, and his right-hand man Lt. Proctor, are put in charge of the academy and Harris immediately plots to make the COP volunteers quit and leave police work to officers.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: The volunteers, however, do well in their training. Mrs. Feldman excels in firing Tackleberry's .44 Magnum, and they bond amicably (she reminds him of his mother). In training in water safety and drowning victim rescue, Zed "rescues" a cadet but 'loses' his Mickey Mouse watch, saying it was the last thing he ever stole before joining the academy. However, he gains a love interest, a reporter/photographer Laura, who has come to view Lassard's COP program and becomes attracted to Zed. Unfortunately, Harris ruins the moment, insulting them both and inspiring Zed to replace Harris' Right Guard deodorant with mace, which burns his armpits. Despite pranks pulled on him during training, Harris is still determined to make the Citizens on Patrol program fail.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Jones learns that volunteers House, Kyle, and Arnie feel ready to go out and arrest criminals, so he, Mahoney, Hightower, and Tackleberry prank the boys, locking them in a prisoner transport van with Hightower, who is posing as a Voodoo practitioner who reanimates his "dead" brother (Tackleberry), as a Jason Voorhees-esque maniac with a chainsaw to make them take training more seriously. Later, after Captain Harris yells at Zed again, calling him a disgrace, Laura comforts him, saying she thinks he is perfect.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: After COP volunteers accidentally foil an undercover police sting, the program is suspended, much to Harris' delight. Mahoney believes he did it on purpose to shut down the COP program, paying him back by putting superglue on the mouthpiece of Harris' bullhorn, semi-permanently sticking the mouth guard to its rims. Sometime later, Harris gives some prominent citizens a tour of his precinct when Proctor is tricked into releasing every inmate at the precinct 19 jail, including a team of ninjas, and special guest Randall "Tex" Cobb. After the criminals imprison Harris and his guests, they escape into the street, only to run into Mrs. Feldman, who immediately informs the Lassard academy.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: When Lassard's officers hear of the jailbreak, COP volunteers are dispatched with the regular officers to catch the escaped felons. After stopping a robbery and a high-speed air balloon chase, the felons are all recaptured. Meanwhile, House, Kyle, Arnie, and Butterworth save Harris and Proctor from drowning in the river after the latters' attempt (and failure) to participate in the chase, and Zed impresses his girlfriend Laura by saving Sweetchuck's life after they both fall out of a plane in mid-air. Several of the police chiefs who witness Lassard's program in action congratulate and compliment him on the program and his officers, much to Harris' dismay.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Motown Records issued a soundtrack album on record and cassette; until 2013, this was the only film of the series to have a soundtrack album released.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: The film debuted at number one in the United States weekend box office and would go on to gross a total of $28,061,343. It grossed $76,819,000 worldwide.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rare approval rating of 0% based on reviews from 20 critics, with an average rating of 2.26/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Utterly, completely, thoroughly and astonishingly unfunny, "Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol" sends a once-innocuous franchise plummeting to agonizing new depths." On Metacritic the film has a score of 26% based on reviews from 8 critics, indicating "Generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B−.


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" wrote: "The "Police Academy" series seems to shoot for an ever younger crowd. The optimum viewer for "Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol" would be a 10-year-old boy. Even better, it would be a whole pack of them. That's not to say the film isn't funny; it means only that the sense of humor being addressed is very specific. Stay away if drawing room farce is what you're after."


title: Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol

text: The film was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song for the song "Let's Go to Heaven in My Car". (It was the only film in the entire "Police Academy" film series to receive a Razzie nomination of any sort.)


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer (Dena'ina: "Tuggeght") is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is southwest of Anchorage. According to the 2020 Census, the population is 5,522, up from 5,003 in 2010. Long known as the "Halibut Fishing Capital of the World", Homer is also nicknamed "the end of the road", and more recently, "the cosmic hamlet by the sea".


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer is located at 59°38'35" North, 151°31'33" West (59.643059, −151.525900). The only road into Homer is the Sterling Highway.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer is on the shore of Kachemak Bay on the southwest side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its distinguishing feature is the Homer Spit, a narrow long gravel bar that extends into the bay, on which is located the Homer Harbor.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Much of the coastline, as well as the Homer Spit, sank dramatically during the Good Friday earthquake in March 1964. After the earthquake, very little vegetation was able to survive on the Homer Spit.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: As with much of South-central Alaska, Homer has a moderate subarctic coastal climate (Köppen "Dsc"), which causes its weather to be moderate compared to interior Alaska. Winters are snowy and long, but not particularly cold, considering the latitude, with the average January high only slightly below freezing. The annual snowfall averages per season, falling primarily from November through March, with some accumulation in October and April but rarely in May. Homer receives only about 25 inches of rainfall annually due to the influence of the Chugach Mountains to the southeast, which shelter it from the Gulf of Alaska. Seven days have a minimum or below annually, and Homer falls in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6a. Summers are cool due to the marine influence, with maxima or minima remaining at or above being extremely rare. Extreme temperatures have ranged from on January 28–29, 1989, up to on July 10, 1993.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Tiller digs indicate that early Alutiiq people probably camped in the Homer area, although their villages were on the far side of Kachemak Bay.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Coal was discovered in the area in the 1890s. The Cook Inlet Coal Fields Company built a town, dock, coal mine, and railroad at Homer. Coalmining in the area continued until World War II. It is estimated that 400 million tons of coal deposits are still present in the area.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer was named for Homer Pennock, a goldmining company promoter, who arrived in 1896 on the Homer Spit and built living quarters for his crew of 50 men. However, goldmining was never profitable in the area.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Another earlier settlement, Miller's Landing, was named after a Charles Miller, who homesteaded in the area around 1915. According to local historian Janet Klein, he was an employee of the Alaska Railroad and had wintered company horses on the beach grasses on the Homer Spit. He built a landing site in a small bight in Kachemak Bay, where supply barges from Seldovia could land and offload their cargos. Miller's landing was legally considered a census-designated place separate from Homer until it was annexed in 2002, but has always been locally considered part of Homer.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Halibut and salmon sport fishing, along with tourism and commercial fishing are the dominant industries. Homer co-hosted the 2006 Arctic Winter Games. The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve co-host a visitor center with interpretive displays known as the Alaska Islands and Ocean Visitor Center, and a cultural and historical museum there is called the Pratt Museum.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1964.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 5,003 people, 2,235 households, and 1,296 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 2,692 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.3% White, 4.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.0% Asian, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 2.1% of the population.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: There were 2,235 households, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.0% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21, and the average family size was 2.83.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The median age in the city was 44.0 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 34.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The median income for a household was $52,057, and the median income for a family was $68,455. Males had a median income of $41,581 versus $37,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $32,035. About 3.8% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District provides primary and secondary education to the community of Homer. These schools are:


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The Kachemak Bay Campus of Kenai Peninsula College provides post-secondary education, as well as ESL and GED training to the community of Homer.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The Homer Public Library has enthusiastic support from the Friends of the Homer Library, established in 1948, which raised funds and support for a new library building, opened on September 16, 2006.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Because of the city of Homer's location on the Kenai Peninsula and its abundance of natural resources and marine habitats, there are many public education programs focused on the environment. Some of these educational endeavors include the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Center (also known as the Alaska Island and Ocean Center) and the "Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies". Both organizations encourage science education and sponsor many events aimed to teach people of all ages about the ecosystem and conservation. Some of these events include the Kachemak Crane Watch and the "Kachemak Bay Science Conference", both sponsored by the Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: One of the biggest educational events in Homer is the Kachemak Bay Shorebird festival. The Kachemak Bay Shorebird Festival was first established in 1993 by a group of Homer residents who wished to educate the public about shorebirds and the wetlands the birds inhabit. Today, the festival is sponsored by Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and the Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges. The festival is held annually in early May when more than 13,000 shorebirds (also called waders) from 25 different species visit the Kachemak Bay area during spring migration. Tourists and Alaskans alike attend the festival and are encouraged to watch the shorebird migration through a variety of land and boat tours in collaboration with the festival.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The Homer and Kachemak Bay areas consist of a variety of different habitats and are rich in food and resources that attract migrating birds. The abundance of diverse habitats such as mud flats, rocky isles, and marshlands enable many different species to thrive in the area.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Some of the birds that can be seen during the spring migration and the festival include horned puffins, sandhill cranes, and arctic terns. Arctic Terns are famous for flying the longest distance of any migrating bird.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Many of the birds seen during the festival can be identified with the help of published guides that categorize distinguishable features such as, topography, silhouette, size, and color.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: One of the special events held at the festival is the Shorebirds Sing: Bird Call Contest. The contest takes place at the Homer Brewing Company. The contest is a lighthearted competition to see who can best mimic the calls of various bird species.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: In 2020, the festival was held entirely virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic and all presentations, speeches, and events were conducted online. The 2021 festival was held both in person and virtually, with events taking place online and face-to-face. The year 2022 will mark the 30th anniversary of the festival.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer has one newspaper, the "Homer News", a weekly founded in 1964 and bought in 2000 by Morris Communications.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer has a number of radio stations including commercial stations KWVV-FM at 103.5 FM, KGTL at 620 AM, and public radio KBBI at 890 AM.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer receives 7 analog television stations: Because the stations are rebroadcast into Homer using repeaters, their channel numbers are not the same in Homer and they were not required to participate in the transition to digital television.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer is the southernmost town on the contiguous Alaska highway system. It is also part of the Alaska Marine Highway (the Alaskan ferry system). The regional airport lies near the coast as well, with local air taxis and regular scheduled commercial flights to Anchorage. Homer erected its first traffic light in 2005.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: The United States Coast Guard currently stations six Island Class cutters in Alaska, including one in Homer.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: From February 7, 1992, to June 4, 2015, the USCGC "Roanoke Island" was assigned to Homer. She was retired early, and was replaced by the "Sapelo". The "Sapelo" is scheduled to be replaced by a more modern Sentinel-class cutter.


title: Homer, Alaska

text: Homer uses a city council consisting of seven members. As of April 2020, the current mayor of Homer is Ken Castner.


title: Neo4j

text: Neo4j is a graph database management system developed by Neo4j, Inc. Described by its developers as an ACID-compliant transactional database with native graph storage and processing, Neo4j is available in a non-open-source "community edition" licensed with a modification of the GNU General Public License, with online backup and high availability extensions licensed under a closed-source commercial license. Neo also licenses Neo4j with these extensions under closed-source commercial terms.


title: Neo4j

text: Neo4j is implemented in Java and accessible from software written in other languages using the Cypher query language through a transactional HTTP endpoint, or through the binary "Bolt" protocol. The "4j" in Neo4j is a reference to its being built in Java, however is now largely viewed as an anachronism.


title: Neo4j

text: In November 2016, Neo4j successfully secured $36M in Series D Funding led by Greenbridge Partners Ltd.


title: Neo4j

text: In November 2018, Neo4j successfully secured $80M in Series E Funding led by One Peak Partners and Morgan Stanley Expansion Capital, with participation from other investors including Creandum, Eight Roads and Greenbridge Partners.


title: Neo4j

text: Neo4j comes in five editions. Two are on-premises editions, Community (free) and Enterprise, and three are cloud-only editions: AuraDB Free, AuraDB Professional, and AuraDB Enterprise.


title: Neo4j

text: It is dual-licensed: GPL v3 (with parts of the code under AGPLv3 with Commons Clause), and a proprietary license. The Community Edition is free but is limited to running on one node only due to the lack of clustering and is without hot backups.


title: Neo4j

text: The Enterprise Edition unlocks these limitations, allowing for clustering, hot backups, and monitoring. The Enterprise Edition is available under a closed-source Commercial license.


title: Neo4j

text: In Neo4j, everything is stored in the form of an edge, node, or attribute. Each node and edge can have any number of attributes. Both nodes and edges can be labelled. Labels can be used to narrow searches. As of version 2.0, indexing was added to Cypher with the introduction of schemas. Previously, indexes were supported separately from Cypher.


title: Neo4j

text: Neo4j is developed by Neo4j, Inc., based in San Mateo, California, United States, and also in Malmö, Sweden. The Neo4j, Inc. board of directors consists of Michael Treskow (Eight Roads), Emanuel Lang (Greenbridge), Christian Jepsen (Sunstone), Denise Persson (CMO of Snowflake), David Klein (One Peak), Nathalie Kornhoff-Brüls (Eurazeo), Patrick Pichette (Inovia Capital and former CFO of Google), and Emil Eifrem (CEO of Neo4j).


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The name was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman. The name came for a time to be applied in most European maps to the vaunted "Southern land" or "Terra Australis" even after its coastline was finally explored.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The continent of Antarctica, later named in the 1890s, was still in largely speculative form; it resumed the name "Terra Australis" (sometimes suffixed "Non Cognita", unknown). Its existence had been speculated on in some maps since the 5th century, under the theory of "balancing hemispheres".


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: Lieutenant James Cook, captain of HMS "Endeavour", claimed the eastern portion of the Australian continent for the British Crown in 1770, naming it New South Wales. The British settlement of Sydney as a colony in 1788 prompted Britain to formally claim the east coast as New South Wales, leading to a search for a new collective name. New Holland was never settled by the Dutch people, whose colonial forces and buoyant population had a settled preference for the Dutch Cape Colony, Dutch Guyana, the Dutch East Indies, Dutch Ceylon and the Dutch West Indies.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: New Holland continued to be used semi-officially and in popular usage as the name for the whole land mass until at least the mid-1850s.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The name "New Holland" was first applied to the western and northern coast of Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman, best known for his discovery of Tasmania (called by him "Van Diemen's Land"). The English Captain William Dampier used the name in his account of his two voyages there: the first arriving on 5 January 1688 and staying until 12 March; his second voyage of exploration to the region was made in 1699. Except for giving its name to the land, neither the Netherlands nor the Dutch East India Company claimed any territory in Australia as its own. Although many Dutch expeditions visited the coast during the 200 years after the first Dutch visit in 1606, there was no lasting attempt at establishment of a permanent settlement. Most of the explorers of this period concluded that the apparent lack of water and fertile soil made the region unsuitable for colonisation.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: On 22 August 1770, after sailing north along Australia's east coast, James Cook claimed the entire "Eastern coast of New Holland" that he had just explored as British territory. Cook first named the land "New Wales", but revised it to "New South Wales". With the establishment of a settlement at Sydney in 1788, the British solidified its claim to the eastern part of Australia, now officially called "New South Wales". In the commission to Governor Phillip the boundary was defined as the 135th meridian east longitude (135° east) (map from 25 April 1787), taking the line from Melchisédech Thévenot's chart, "Hollandia Nova—Terre Australe", published in "Relations de Divers Voyages Curieux" (Paris, 1663).


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The term "New Holland" was more often used to refer only to that part of the continent that had not yet been annexed to New South Wales; namely it referred to the western half of the continent. In 1804, the British navigator Matthew Flinders proposed the names "Terra Australis" or "Australia" for the whole continent, reserving "New Holland" for the western part of the continent. He continued to use "Australia" in his correspondence, while attempting to gather support for the term. Flinders explained in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks:


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The propriety of the name Australia or Terra Australis, which I have applied to the whole body of what has generally been called New Holland, must be submitted to the approbation of the Admiralty and the learned in geography. It seems to me an inconsistent thing that captain Cooks New South Wales should be absorbed in the New Holland of the Dutch, and therefore I have reverted to the original name Terra Australis or the Great South Land, by which it was distinguished even by the Dutch during the 17th century; for it appears that it was not until some time after Tasman's second voyage that the name New Holland was first applied, and then it was long before it displaced T’Zuydt Landt in the charts, and could not extend to what was not yet known to have existence; New South Wales, therefore, ought to remain distinct from New Holland; but as it is requisite that the whole body should have one general name, since it is now known (if there is no great error in the Dutch part) that it is certainly all one land, so I judge, that one less exceptionable to all parties and on all accounts cannot be found than that now applied.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: His suggestion was initially rejected, but the new name was approved by the British government in 1824. The western boundary of New South Wales was changed to 129° east in 1825 (16 July 1825 – map). In 1826, to pre-empt a French settlement and claim to the territory, because of the importance of the route to New South Wales the British established the settlement of Albany in south-west New Holland. Governor Ralph Darling of New South Wales put Edmund Lockyer in command of the expedition and gave him the order that if he encountered the French anywhere he was to land troops, to signify to them that "the whole of New Holland is subject to His Britannic Majesty's Government." In 1828 a further settlement was made, this time on the Swan River, and the name "Swan River Colony" was soon the term used to refer to the whole western part of the continent. The name "New Holland" was still invoked as the name for the whole continent when Charles Fremantle on 9 May 1829 took formal possession in the name of King George IV of "all that part of New Holland which is not included within the territory of New South Wales." In 1832, the territory was officially renamed "Western Australia".


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: Even as late as 1837, in official correspondence between the British government in London and New South Wales, the term "New Holland" was still being used to refer to the continent as a whole.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: In the Netherlands, the continent continued to be called "Nieuw Holland" until about the end of the 19th century. The Dutch name today is "Australië".


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: One place where the name persists is in taxonomy. Many Australian species named in previous centuries have the specific name "novaehollandiae" or "novae-hollandiae", for example the emu, "Dromaius novaehollandiae".


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: After British colonisation, the name "New Holland" was retained for several decades and the south polar continent continued to be called "Terra Australis", sometimes shortened to "Australia". However, in the 19th century, the colonial authorities gradually removed the Dutch name from the island continent and, instead of inventing a new name, they took the name "Australia" from the south polar continent, leaving a lacuna in continental nomenclature for eighty years. Even so, the name "New Holland" survived for many decades, used in atlases, literature and in common parlance.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: Dutch politician and cartographer Nicolaes Witsen describes the south West Australian coast in a detailed description in a letter titled ‘Some late observations of New Holland’ written to English naturalist Dr Martin Lister, dated from 3 October 1698:


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: On this Voyage nothing hath been discovered which can be any way serviceable to the Company. The Soil of this Country hath been found very barren, and as a Desart; no Fresh-water Rivers have been found, but some Salt-water Rivers, as also no Fourfooted Beasts, except one as great as a Dog, with long Ears, living in the Water as well as on the Land.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: Black Swans, Parrots, and many Sea-Cows were found there; as also a Lake, whose Water seemed to be Red, because of the Redness of the Bottom of it: and round along the Shore there was some Salt. Our People had seen but Twelve of the Natives, all as black as Pitch, and stark naked, so terrified, that it was impossible to bring them to Conversation, or a Meeting: They lodge themselves as the Hottentots, in Pavilions of Small Branches of Trees. By Night our People saw Fires all over the Country; but when they drew near, the Natives were fled. The Coast is very low, but the Country far from the Sea is high.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: Upon the Island near the coast have been seen Rats as great as Cats, in an innumerable Quantity; all which had a kind of Bag or Purse hanging from the Throat upon the Brest downwards. There were found many well-smelling Trees, and out of their Wood is to be drawn Oyl smelling as a Rose, but for the rest they were small and miserable Trees. There were also found some Birds nests of prodigious greatness, so that Six Men could not, by stretching out their Arms, encompass One of them; but the Fowls were not to be found.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: There was great Store of Oysters, Lobsters, and Crabs; and also strange sorts of Fish. There were also Millions of Flies, very much troubling Men. They saw a great many Footsteps of Men and Children, but all of an ordinary bigness. The Coast is very foul and full of Rocks.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: In "Gulliver's Travels" (1726) by Jonathan Swift, the title character, travelling from Houyhnhnms Land, spends a few days on the southeast coast of New Holland before he is chased away by the natives.


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: The American author Edgar Allan Poe used the name "New Holland" to refer to Australia in his prize-winning 1833 short story "MS. Found in a Bottle":


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: In 1851, Herman Melville wrote, in a chapter of his novel "Moby-Dick" entitled "Does the Whale's Magnitude Diminish? – Will He Perish?":


title: New Holland (Australia)

text: In 1854, another American writer, Henry David Thoreau, used the term "New Holland" (referring to the territory of the "wild" indigenous Australians) in his book "Walden; or, Life in the Woods", in which he writes:


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: The Muppets (stylized as the muppets.) is an American sitcom that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2015 to March 1, 2016. Co-created by Bill Prady and Bob Kushell, the series was produced by ABC Studios and The Muppets Studio, with Randall Einhorn and Muppet performer Bill Barretta serving as executive producers alongside Prady and Kushell. On May 12, 2016, ABC cancelled the series after one season.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: The series is set in Los Angeles and depicts the everyday personal and professional lives of The Muppets during production of "Up Late with Miss Piggy", a fictional late-night talk show starring Miss Piggy"." "The Muppets" serves as a parody of other mockumentary-style series, such as "The Office", "Modern Family", and "Parks and Recreation" by employing the same single-camera setup filming style with the implication of a documentary crew filming everyone. The series stars Muppet performers Steve Whitmire, Eric Jacobson, Dave Goelz, Bill Barretta, David Rudman, Matt Vogel, and Peter Linz in multiple roles.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: The series marks the characters' first ongoing prime-time network television series since "Muppets Tonight" was cancelled in 1998. "The Muppets" was picked up by ABC, the same network that aired "Muppets Tonight"—as the characters, the network, and the production companies are all owned by The Walt Disney Company—on the ABC network schedule.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: This marks the second time Prady has attempted to revive The Muppets. Before co-creating CBS' "The Big Bang Theory", the writer-producer shot some test footage on which ABC ultimately passed. Prady's history with The Muppets dates back to his work on "Fraggle Rock" in 1987. His previous writing credits for Muppet productions include the "Muppet*Vision 3D" attraction at Walt Disney World, and the tribute special "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson", which earned Prady an Emmy Award nomination in 1991.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: Executive producer Bob Kushell explained the intention behind the series; "We have the opportunity to explore these characters as individuals with their own emotional lives that are separate from each other and aren't shadowed by each other's presence, as I think they have been for the last 20 years... it's not just a behind-the-scenes look at a show, but it's the relationship-driven, emotional stories that people go through in their personal lives. Everyone in this version of The Muppets wants to push them further in a way they've never been before." Kushell added, "Rightfully or wrongfully, The Muppets became more of a kids' product over the years. We want to bring them all the way back to what they were intended to be and then some. But never so much that anyone has to explain anything uncomfortable to their kids."


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: Bill Prady originated the idea to bring The Muppets back to prime-time television and enlisted Bob Kushell as co-creator and showrunner for the project, allowing Prady to concurrently continue performing his duties as executive producer on "The Big Bang Theory", which CBS had renewed through its tenth season, for the 2016–17 season. Before ABC was approached, Netflix expressed interest in co-producing the series as part of its original programming roster.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: "The Muppets" was considered a "stealth, late presentation" in the 2015 comedy development season. After buying Prady and Kushell's pitch, ABC ordered a pilot script and a 10-minute proof of concept filmed presentation, which was filmed at the Walt Disney Studios in May and delivered just in time for ABC schedule consideration. On May 7, 2015, ABC greenlit the series to order as an entry in the 2015–16 television season. The pitch presentation, which was first screened to the public on July 11, 2015, at Comic-Con to an overwhelmingly positive response, was released online on July 21, 2015. In regards to what Muppet characters to include, producers decided to omit extremely anthropomorphic characters such as "talking vegetables and dancing chickens".


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: The series was shot at Stages 6 and 7 of the Walt Disney Studios lot in Burbank, California and on-location throughout Los Angeles. Sets must be raised four and a half feet so that the Muppet performers will have room to operate the characters, and all sets have platforms which can be moved. "The Muppets" received a full 16-episode season from ABC on October 29, 2015.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: In early November 2015, it was announced that Kushell was leaving the series, with Kristen Newman in talks to replace him. The move was reportedly part of a creative overhaul of the series, which saw the final six episodes of the first season act as a relaunch of the show. Newman began work during production of the tenth episode, which involved her rewriting the Miss Piggy-Kermit scenes to "bring [their] connection back... that was being walked away from completely" in the early episodes. Newman also hoped to introduce more serialized elements to the series. However, ABC cancelled "The Muppets" on May 12, 2016 after one season.


title: The Muppets (TV series)

text: After being dismissed from The Muppets performer troupe in 2016, Steve Whitmire talked to the media about how he provided notes on scripts for the series, saying that the longtime performers know the characters best. He cited the episode "Little Green Lie" as an example of how he felt the characters were being scripted wrong, noting: