title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: These three had conspired with Robert Thomas Robertson to have a mass killing at the mall. The three had gotten involved in ritualistic satanism as teenagers and first killed when they were 15 on a "dare." They pledged their loyalty to their "dark god," vowing to go into careers in which they could promote satanism and chaos. Varner and Eckles became cops, while Gosset became a school teacher. Varner had killed Robert Thomas Robertson after he found out that Odd had been in Robertson's house and suspected him, he then tried to frame Odd for the murder. Eckles and Varner were the two gunmen that Odd subdued; Eckles first with the bat then Varner with a shot to the shoulder and head. Gosset had shot Odd twice in the back, Odd managed to pull the wires out of the bomb, thereby disarming it as he fell to the ground. Gosset later told everything that had happened between all the conspirators. They called the atrocity "just another way of worshipping."


title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: Nicknamed 'little' despite being larger than his father, Ozzie has a 6th finger on his left hand and has published many very successful detective novels. He has a pet cat named Terrible Chester who Ozzie claims is over 50 years old, and has pictures to prove it. Terrible Chester does not like Odd and Little Ozzie is one of the few people who knows about Odd's 'Gifts'.


title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: Novelist Dean Koontz told San Diego Comic-Con attendees on July 26, 2008, that he had a movie script adapted from his book "Odd Thomas" and he's very pleased with the results. Koontz also teased that an unnamed actor has signed on to play the title character, but refused to reveal any further details. Koontz added that after reading the script, which was written by an unnamed screenwriter, he 'fell over' because it was 'so perfect.'


title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: The unnamed writer was confirmed in November 2010 to be American filmmaker Stephen Sommers, who also handled the directing. The film was produced independently by Howard Kaplan and John Baldecchi.


title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: It was announced in February 2011 that Anton Yelchin was cast to play the title role. After being delayed by a series of lawsuits, The Movie Insider reported that the film adaptation was scheduled for release in the United States on April 5, 2013.


title: Odd Thomas (novel)

text: The movie won the Saturn Award for Best DVD/Blu-Ray release in 2015 from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, & Horror Films.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde (PFA) is the smallest polyoxymethylene, the polymerization product of formaldehyde with a typical degree of polymerization of 8–100 units. Paraformaldehyde commonly has a slight odor of formaldehyde due to decomposition. Paraformaldehyde is a poly-acetal.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde forms slowly in aqueous formaldehyde solutions as a white precipitate, especially if stored in the cold. Formalin actually contains very little monomeric formaldehyde; most of it forms short chains of polyformaldehyde. A small amount of methanol is often added as a stabilizer to limit the extent of polymerization.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde can be depolymerized to formaldehyde gas by dry heating and to formaldehyde solution by water in the presence of a base, an acid or heat. The high purity formaldehyde solutions obtained in this way are used as a fixative for microscopy and histology.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Once paraformaldehyde is depolymerized, the resulting formaldehyde may be used as a fumigant, disinfectant, fungicide, and fixative. Longer chain-length (high molecular weight) polyoxymethylenes are used as a thermoplastic and are known as polyoxymethylene plastic (POM, "Delrin"). It was used in the past in the discredited Sargenti method of root canal treatment.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde is not a fixative; it must be depolymerized to formaldehyde in solution. In cell culture, a typical formaldehyde fixing procedure would involve using a 4% formaldehyde solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on ice for 10 minutes. In histology and pathology specimens preparation, usually, the fixation step is performed using 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (4% formaldehyde) for, at least, 24 hours.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde is also used to crosslink proteins to DNA, as used in ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) which is a technique to determine which part of DNA certain proteins are binding to.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: Paraformaldehyde can be used as a substitute of aqueous formaldehyde to produce the resinous binding material, which is commonly used together with melamine, phenol or other reactive agents in the manufacturing of particle board, medium density fiberboard and plywood.


title: Paraformaldehyde

text: As a formaldehyde releasing agent, paraformaldehyde is a potential carcinogen. Its acute oral median lethal dose in rats is 592 mg/kg.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Beckley is a city in and the county seat of Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It was founded on April 4, 1838. This city is the home of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology or West Virginia University, Beckley Campus.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The area surrounding Beckley was long home to many indigenous peoples. Early encounters describe the land as being an ancestral home of the Catawba-speaking Moneton people, who referred to the surrounding area as Okahok Amai, and were allies of the Monacan people. The Moneton's Catawba speaking neighbors to the south, the Tutelo (since absorbed into the Seneca-Cayuga Nation) may have absorbed surviving Moneton communities, and claim the area as ancestral lands. Cherokee and Shawnee and Yuchi peoples also claim the area as included in their traditional lands. Waves of conflict and displacement connected to European settler-colonial conquest also resulted in varied communities finding home and refuge in southern West Virginia, becoming identified as Mingo — remote affiliates of the Iroquois Confederacy.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Beckley was named in honor of John James Beckley, who was the first Clerk of the House of Representatives and the first Librarian of Congress. It was founded by his son, Alfred Beckley (US Army lieutenant and brigadier general of Virginia militia), who was from the District of Columbia.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Although founded in 1838, Beckley existed only on paper at that time, "Alfred Beckley said he "was frequently jeered and laughed at for his Paper Town..." Early in its history, the town was known as Beckley, Raleigh Court House, and, occasionally, Beckleyville.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The town was originally located in Fayette County, Virginia. In 1850 the act of the Virginia legislature creating Raleigh County named Beckley the county seat.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The city is sometimes called the "Smokeless Coal Capital", "The City of Champions" and the "Gateway To Southern West Virginia."


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: During the presidential primaries of 1960, the vehicles of rivals John F. Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey stopped at the same streetcorner in Beckley. Recognizing each other, the two men got out and chatted briefly.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The city sits atop the Allegheny Plateau, with the more steeply eroded Logan Plateau bordering to the west and the highland Allegheny Mountains lying to the east. Neighboring ridgelines include Flat Top Mountain to the south, Scott Ridge of Shady Spring Mountain to the southeast, Batoff Mountain to the northeast, and Lilly Mountain to the west.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Beckley is mostly contained in the Piney Creek watershed, which flows into the New River National Park and Reserve. The city is roughly bordered by Piney Creek to the east, and to the south by its tributary Whitestick Creek. Cranberry Creek and its southern tributary Little Whitestick Creek flow through the northern part of the city. The northwestern corner of the city, around Tamarack, includes the headwaters of Paint Creek, another New River tributary. Neighboring watersheds include Glade Creek to the east, headwaters of the Coal River to the west, and headwaters of the Guyandotte River to the southwest.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Due to its elevation, the climate of Beckley is humid subtropical (Köppen "Cfa") bordering on both an oceanic (Köppen "Cfb") and humid continental (Köppen "Dfa/Dfb"), and the city straddles the border between USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6B and 7A. Summers are warm and humid, usually a few degrees cooler than lower-elevation places within the state, with an average of only 1.3 days of a maximum at or above annually. Winters are generally cold and snowy with occasional intervening milder periods and an average of 1.4 nights annually with a minimum of or lower. Normal monthly daily mean temperatures range from in January to in July. Snowfall varies with an average of per season and mostly occurs from December to March with an occasional snowfall in November of (usually) . Record temperatures range from on January 21, 1985, up to on July 21 and August 11, 1926; the extreme coldest daily maximum was on February 13, 1899, while, conversely, the extreme warmest daily minimum was on July 7, 1924 and August 22, 1926. On average, the first and last occurrences of freezing temperatures in the cooler season are October 13 and April 30, respectively, allowing for a growing season of 165 days.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 17,614 people, 7,800 households, and 4,414 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 8,839 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 72.3% White, 21.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: There were 7,800 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.4% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 17,254 people, 7,651 households, and 4,590 families living in the city. The population density was 1,874.9 people per square mile (724.1/km). There were 8,731 housing units at an average density of 948.8 per square mile (366.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 73.64% White, 22.89% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: There were 7,651 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.83.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The median income for a household in the city was $28,122, and the median income for a family was $38,110. Males had a median income of $35,780 versus $23,239 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,912. About 16.4% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.9% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Three universities are located in Beckley: West Virginia University Institute of Technology, University of Charleston-Beckley, and a branch campus of Concord University. Additionally, a branch campus of Valley College is located in Beckley; New River Community and Technical College is in the nearby community of Beaver; and the nonprofit, nondenominational Appalachian Bible College is located just outside the city limits, in nearby Bradley.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: The city is the regional hub for over 100,000 Southern West Virginia residents. It is the ninth-largest city in West Virginia, exceeded in population by Martinsburg and followed by Clarksburg.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Amtrak serves Beckley at Prince Station in Prince as part of the Cardinal line running from Chicago to Washington DC.


title: Beckley, West Virginia

text: Greater Beckley's only airport is Raleigh County Memorial Airport. Raleigh County Memorial Airport is served by Contour Airlines with service to Charlotte and Parkersburg.


title: Payroll tax

text: Payroll taxes are taxes imposed on employers or employees, and are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their employees. By law, some payroll taxes are the responsibility of the employee and others fall on the employer, but almost all economists agree that the true economic incidence of a payroll tax is unaffected by this distinction, and falls largely or entirely on workers in the form of lower wages. Because payroll taxes fall exclusively on wages and not on returns to financial or physical investments, payroll taxes may contribute to underinvestment in human capital such as higher education.


title: Payroll tax

text: The Australian federal government (ATO) requires withholding tax on employment income (payroll taxes of the first type), under a system known as pay-as-you-go (PAYG).


title: Payroll tax

text: In Bermuda, payroll tax accounts for over a third of the annual national budget, making it the primary source of government revenue. The tax is paid by employers based on the total remuneration (salary and benefits) paid to all employees, at a standard rate of 14% (though, under certain circumstances, can be as low as 4.75%). Employers are allowed to deduct a small percentage of an employee's pay (around 4%). Another tax, social insurance, is withheld by the employer.


title: Payroll tax

text: In Brazil employers are required to withhold 11% of the employee's wages for Social Security and a certain percentage as Income Tax (according to the applicable tax bracket). The employer is required to contribute an additional 20% of the total payroll value to the Social Security system. Depending on the company's main activity, the employer must also contribute to federally funded insurance and educational programs.


title: Payroll tax

text: There is also a required deposit of 8% of the employee's wages (not withheld from him) into a bank account that can be withdrawn only when the employee is fired, or under certain other extraordinary circumstances, such as serious illness (called a "Security Fund for Duration of Employment"). All these contributions amount to a total tax burden of almost 40% of the payroll for the employer and 15% of the employee's wages.


title: Payroll tax

text: The Northwest Territories in Canada applies a payroll tax of 2% to all employees. It is an example of the second type of payroll tax, but unlike in other jurisdictions, it is paid directly by employees rather than employers. Unlike the first type of payroll tax as it is applied in Canada, though, there is no basic personal exemption below which employees are not required to pay the tax.


title: Payroll tax

text: In China, the payroll tax is a specific tax that is paid to provinces and territories by employers, not by employees. The tax is deducted from the worker's pay. The Chinese Government itself requires only one tax to be withheld from paychecks: the PAYG (or pay-as-you-go) tax, which includes medicare levies and insurances.


title: Payroll tax

text: Tax calculations and contributions differ from city to city in China, and each city's data will be updated yearly.


title: Payroll tax

text: Taxable Income = Gross Salary – Social Benefits – ¥3,500 IIT = Taxable Income x Tax Rate – Quick Deduction Net Salary = Gross Salary – Social Benefits – IIT


title: Payroll tax

text: The income tax in the Czech Republic is progressive. The primary tax rate is 15% of gross income, but for an annual salary that is 48 times bigger than the average monthly salary (38.911 CZK in 2022, around 1.600 EUR), the rate is 23%. That applies only to the difference. The minimum wage to pay income tax is 27.840CZK in 2021 (approx. 1140EUR).


title: Payroll tax

text: For people with trade certificates, the rate applies only to 40% of their revenue. The remaining 60% can be deducted as a standard expense. Freelancers also have to file an Income tax return every year.


title: Payroll tax

text: Taxpayers can apply a few tax deductions, such as a deduction for a child (starting at approx. 600EUR annually in 2021), for being a student (approx. 160EUR in 2021), for a dependent spouse (approx. 1000EUR in 2021) and more.


title: Payroll tax

text: Health and social insurance are mandatory and a part of a payroll tax. The health insurance rate is 13,5%. For employees with a salary higher than the minimum wage (16.200CZK in 2022, approximately 660EUR), 9% pay the employers, and only 4,5% pay the employees. Trade license workers pay it themselves. Categories that do not have to pay health and social insurance are, for example, students or people registered at the unemployment department. The social insurance rate is 31,5% for employees (6,5% paid by the employee and 25% by the employer) and 29,2% for freelancers.


title: Payroll tax

text: The income tax makes up to half of the national income. The health and social insurance make another 30-40%.


title: Payroll tax

text: In France, statutory payroll tax only covers employee and employer contributions to the social security system. Income tax deductions from the payroll are voluntary and may be requested by the employee, otherwise, employees are billed 2 mandatory income tax prepayments during the year directly by the tax authority (set at 1/3 of the prior year's final tax bill). Employee payroll tax is made up of assigned taxes for the three branches of the social security system and includes both basic and supplementary coverage. Different percentages apply depending on thresholds that are multiples of the social security earnings ceiling (in 2012 = 36,372 euro per year).


title: Payroll tax

text: Contributions for salaries between the minimum wage and 1.6 times the minimum wage are eligible to relief (known as Fillon relief) of up to 28 percentage points of employer contributions, effectively halving employer non-wage costs.


title: Payroll tax

text: German employers are obliged to withhold wage tax on a monthly basis. The wage tax withheld will be qualified as prepayment of the income tax of the employee in case the taxpayer files an annual income tax return. The actual tax rate depends on the personal income of the employee and the tax class the employee (and his/her partner) has chosen. The choice of tax class is only important for withholding tax, and therefore for immediately disposable income. The choice of tax class has no effect on tax refunds.


title: Payroll tax

text: In addition to income tax withheld, employees and employers in Germany must pay contributions to finance social security benefits. The social security system consists of four insurances, for which the contribution will be (nearly) equally shared between employer and employee (old age insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and nursing care insurance). Contributions are payable only on wages up to the social security threshold:


title: Payroll tax

text: In addition there are some insurance which are covered by the employee only (accident insurance, insolvency insurance, contribution to the maternity allocation, contribution for sick pay allocation for small companies).


title: Payroll tax

text: An employer is obligated to deduct tax at source from an employee and to make additional contributions to social security as in many other EU member states. The employer's contribution amounts to 28.06% of the salary. The employee's contribution is 16%.


title: Payroll tax

text: In Hong Kong, salaries tax is capped at 15%. Depending on income, employers fall into different tax brackets.


title: Payroll tax

text: In 2018, the Swedish social security contribution paid by the employer is 31.42 percent, calculated on top of the employee's salary. The percentage is lower for old employees. The other type of Swedish payroll tax is the income tax withheld (PAYE), which consists of municipal, county, and, for higher income brackets, state tax. In most municipalities, the income tax comes to approximately 32 percent, with the two higher income brackets also paying a state tax of 20 or 25 percent respectively. The combination of the two types is a total marginal tax effect of 52 to 60 percent.


title: Payroll tax

text: According to a 2019 study in the "American Economic Review", a large employee payroll tax cut for young workers did not lead to increases in wages for young workers, but it did lead to an increase in employment, capital, sales, and profits of firms with many young workers.


title: Payroll tax

text: In the United Kingdom, pay as you earn (PAYE) income tax and Employees' National Insurance contributions are examples of the first kind of payroll tax, while Employers' National Insurance contributions are an example of the second kind of payroll tax. There are currently (February 2022) five PAYE income tax bands in Scotland and four elsewhere; see for details. Both income tax and National Insurance contributions are paid only on income above a lower threshold. In Scotland this threshold is progressively eliminated for the highest earners, beginning at £100,000 per year.


title: Payroll tax

text: In the United States, payroll taxes are also called employment taxes by the Internal Revenue Service.


title: Payroll tax

text: In the United States, payroll taxes are assessed by the federal government, some of the 50 states (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming do not have state income tax; New Hampshire only taxes income from interest and dividends although these will be phased out by 2027), Washington, D.C., and numerous cities. These taxes are imposed on employers and employees and on various compensation bases and are collected and paid to the taxing jurisdiction by the employers. Most jurisdictions imposing payroll taxes require reporting quarterly and annually in most cases, and electronic reporting is generally required for all but small employers. The Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax is a federal payroll tax imposed on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare—federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers.


title: Payroll tax

text: Federal, state, and local withholding taxes are required in those jurisdictions imposing an income tax. Employers having contact with the jurisdiction must withhold the tax from wages paid to their employees in those jurisdictions. Computation of the amount of tax to withhold is performed by the employer based on representations by the employee regarding their tax status on IRS Form W-4.


title: Payroll tax

text: Amounts of income tax so withheld must be paid to the taxing jurisdiction, and are available as refundable tax credits to the employees. Income taxes withheld from payroll are not final taxes, merely prepayments. Employees must still file income tax returns and self assess tax, claiming amounts withheld as payments.


title: Payroll tax

text: Federal social insurance taxes are imposed on employers and employees, ordinarily consisting of a tax of 12.4% of wages up to an annual wage maximum ($118,500 in wages, for a maximum contribution of $14,694 in 2016) for Social Security and a tax of 2.9% (half imposed on employer and half withheld from the employee's pay) of all wages for Medicare. The Social Security tax is divided into 6.2% that is visible to employees (the "employee contribution") and 6.2% that is visible only to employers (the "employer's contribution"). For the years 2011 and 2012, the employee's contribution had been temporarily reduced to 4.2%, while the employer's portion remained at 6.2%, but Congress allowed the rate to return to 6.2% for the individual in 2013. To the extent an employee's portion of the 6.2% tax exceeded the maximum by reason of multiple employers, the employee is entitled to a refundable tax credit upon filing an income tax return for the year.


title: Payroll tax

text: Employers are subject to unemployment taxes by the federal and all state governments. The tax is a percentage of taxable wages with a cap. The tax rate and cap vary by jurisdiction and by employer's industry and experience rating. For 2009, the typical maximum tax per employee was under $1,000. Some states also impose unemployment, disability insurance, or similar taxes on employees.


title: Payroll tax

text: Employers must report payroll taxes to the appropriate taxing jurisdiction in the manner each jurisdiction provides. Quarterly reporting of aggregate income tax withholding and Social Security taxes is required in most jurisdictions. Employers must file reports of aggregate unemployment tax quarterly and annually with each applicable state, and annually at the Federal level.


title: Payroll tax

text: Each employer is required to provide each employee an annual report on IRS Form W-2 of wages paid and Federal, state and local taxes withheld. A copy must be sent to the IRS, and some state governments also require a copy. These are due by January 31 and February 28 (March 31 if filed electronically), respectively, following the calendar year in which wages are paid. The Form W-2 constitutes proof of payment of tax for the employee.


title: Payroll tax

text: Employers are required to pay payroll taxes to the taxing jurisdiction under varying rules, in many cases within one banking day. Payment of Federal and many state payroll taxes is required to be made by electronic funds transfer if certain dollar thresholds are met, or by deposit with a bank for the benefit of the taxing jurisdiction.


title: Payroll tax

text: Failure to timely and properly pay federal payroll taxes results in an automatic penalty of 2% to 10%. This is called the Trust Fund Recovery Penalty. Similar state and local penalties apply. Failure to properly file monthly or quarterly returns may result in additional penalties. Failure to file Forms W-2 results in an automatic penalty of up to $50 per form not timely filed. State and local penalties vary by jurisdiction.


title: Payroll tax

text: A particularly severe penalty applies where federal income tax withholding and Social Security taxes are not paid to the IRS. The penalty of up to 100% of the amount not paid can be assessed against the employer entity as well as any person (such as a corporate officer) having control or custody of the funds from which payment should have been made.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Douglas Durst (born December 19, 1944) is an American real estate investor and developer. He is the president of the Durst Organization, which he has been in charge of since 1992.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Durst was born in New York City in 1944 to a Jewish family, the son of Bernice (née Herstein) and Seymour Durst. He is the younger brother of Robert Durst.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Durst's paternal grandfather, Joseph Durst, a penniless immigrant tailor from Austria Hungary, eventually became a very successful real estate manager and developer founding The Durst Organization in 1915. His father, Seymour, became head of the family business in 1974 upon Joseph's death. Douglas's mother died when he was a child, in a fall from the roof of the family's three-story house; the exact circumstances were never clarified. Douglas graduated from the Fieldston School in 1962 and the University of California at Berkeley in 1966. He attended New York University's Urban Studies program for two years and then joined the family business then run by his father and two uncles, Roy and David.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Douglas took over the Durst Organization in 1992 upon his father's retirement. He presided over the development of several major buildings in New York City:


title: Douglas Durst

text: Durst is a director of the Real Estate Board of New York. Durst is known for emphasizing density and sustainability in his projects.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Located on 14th Street and 5th Avenue in Manhattan, the New School university center was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and developed by The Durst Organization. The building is designed to LEED Gold standards.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In 2010, the Durst Organization bid on and won the right to invest $100 million in the One World Trade Center development becoming a co-developer with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.


title: Douglas Durst

text: The contract negotiated between the Port Authority and the Durst Organization specifies that the Durst Organization will receive a $15 million fee and a percentage of "base building changes that result in net economic benefit to the project." The specifics of the signed contract give Durst 75 percent of savings up to $24 million and stepping down thereafter (to 50 percent, 25 percent and 15 percent) as the savings increased. Durst had offered to work for a fixed $35 million fee, but the Port chose the incentive fee arrangement. Significant changes to the building have been made since his joining of the project.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In May 2010, Douglas Durst, former Vice President Al Gore, and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg officially opened the Bank of America Tower. It was the first high-rise commercial tower to receive LEED platinum rating in the United States. The 55 story, 2.1 million square foot building located on the corner of Sixth Avenue and 42nd Street was designed by Cookfox Architects.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In June 2009, a group of banks provided Bank of America and Durst Organization $1.28 billion to refinance the building. Bank of America provided half of the loan. The other parts came from New York Mellon Corp., Wells Fargo, Westdeutsche Immobilien Bank, and Helaba Bank.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In the early 2000s, architect Bjarke Ingels met Durst when he was in Copenhagen with his wife, Susanne, a native of Denmark. He visited Ingels' studio in February 2010.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In spring 2010, Durst Fetner Residential commissioned Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) to bring a new residential typology to Manhattan. In 2011, BIG opened an office in New York to supervise VIA's development and construction. Completed in 2016, VIA 57 West is a 709-unit, four sided, pyramid shaped tower of apartments on West Fifty-seventh Street.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Durst is a director of The New School, The Trust for Public Land, Project for Public Spaces, and the Roundabout Theatre Company. He is a trustee of the Old York Foundation, which was established by his father, to help educate people about the history and ongoing problems of New York City. Durst is also a prominent environmentalist and operates one of the largest organic farms in New York State.


title: Douglas Durst

text: In 1987, Durst purchased a piece of land from Ray McEnroe, the owner of an organic farm in Dutchess County, New York, some 100 miles north of Manhattan. He purchased the land to dispose of his horses' manure in an environmentally friendly way. Durst later partnered with McEnroe, and now the farm is 500 acres, and among the top 25% of organic farms in the United States.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Douglas Durst suffered a severe leg injury in 1972 when a coal-fired water heater exploded in a Newfoundland house where he was then living with his wife and young family. "I should've died there," Durst would later tell "The New York Times". "It changed my whole outlook on life. I had to get more serious about what I was doing", he said, moving back to the family real estate business following months of recuperation. After suffering more than four decades of pain, despite many years of surgery, part of Durst's lower right leg was amputated in 2015. He walks today with the help of a prosthesis.


title: Douglas Durst

text: Douglas and his brother Robert had a contentious childhood. As children, they were both put in therapy to help resolve their differences. When they became adults, both eventually worked in the family business. As oldest brother, Robert believed he would be the natural successor to his father as the leader of the Durst Organization. When their father Seymour chose Douglas over him in 1992, Robert estranged himself from his entire family and in 2006 sued for his share of the Durst family trust. A $65 million settlement was reached that divested Robert of all future share of the Durst family wealth. In 2001, Robert Durst was charged with murdering a neighbor and dismembering his body in Galveston, Texas. Pleading self-defense, he was acquitted of the murder charge. Douglas was interviewed by "The New York Times" in January 2015, and was quoted as saying about Robert: "There's no doubt in my mind that if he had the opportunity to kill me, he would."


title: Douglas Durst

text: Douglas Durst told "The New York Times" in December 2015 that he believed, until 2001, in his brother's innocence regarding Kathleen McCormack Durst's "disappearance" in 1982. Contrary to his brother's assertions to the documentary filmmakers of "The Jinx", he was never privy to his father's meetings with a lawyer and private detective tasked with investigating Kathleen's disappearance. "I'm going to be a witness in Los Angeles" for the prosecution of his brother for the murder of Susan Berman, whom investigators believe Durst murdered because she knew details of Robert's role in his wife Kathleen's death, "so they don't want me to talk too much about anything after 2001", Douglas Durst said. On June 28, 2021, Douglas Durst appeared in court as a witness for the prosecution in the Susan Berman murder trial, saying he was not happy to testify against his brother and only appeared under threat of subpoena. He said Robert's wife Kathie told him she was going to seek a divorce from Robert. Robert told him and his wife Kathie vanished a couple of days after he put her on a train to New York City from their lakeside house in Westchester County, and that was the last time he saw her. "His tone was very neutral," Douglas Durst said. "There was no great anxiety in his tone. It seemed a little strange.” Douglas said growing up as children his brother Robert "Treated me miserably. He would fight with me at every chance. He would embarrass me." Douglas said Robert would "like to murder me”, and he has not spoken to Robert since 1999.


title: Aerosmith singles discography

text: American rock band Aerosmith has released 72 singles. Some of their singles have been officially released to the public, while others have been released as album cuts only to radio. Twenty-one of their songs have reached the Top 40 of the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the band has long been a stalwart of the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, achieving one number-one hit on that chart to date. An additional 28 of the band's songs have reached the Top 40 on various charts worldwide. The band has achieved four multi-platinum singles (“Dream On”, “Sweet Emotion”, “Walk This Way”, and “I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing”), while an additional eight singles have attained silver, gold, or platinum certifications in various territories. The band has certified sales of 16.5 million singles in the United States.


title: Citilink

text: PT Citilink Indonesia, operating as Citilink, is a low-cost airline headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia. Established in July 2001 as a low-cost brand of Garuda Indonesia, it operates shuttle services between Indonesian cities. Since 30 July 2012, Citilink has officially operated as a separate subsidiary of Garuda Indonesia, operating with its own callsign, airline codes, logo and uniform. Its main base is Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and Juanda International Airport. The company slogan is "Better fly, Citilink."


title: Citilink

text: Garuda Indonesia established Citilink as a low-cost brand in 2001 and operations commenced on 16 July that year with two Fokker F28 Fellowships transferred from the mainline fleet. Initial operations were from Surabaya on the island of Java to destinations not served by Garuda Indonesia's mainline fleet: Yogyakarta (also on Java); Balikpapan on the island of Borneo and Tarakan, North Kalimantan, just off Borneo's coast; and Makassar on the island of Sulawesi. By the end of 2001 Garuda had transferred five F28s to Citilink. In 2004 Citilink was serving ten destinations and Garuda began to replace the F28s with Boeing 737-300s. In 2008 Garuda temporarily suspended operations of Citilink, relaunching the brand in January 2009 after replacing the remaining Fokker F28s with more modern aircraft. In July 2010 Citilink operations were being conducted by two Boeing 737-300s and a Boeing 737-400.


title: Citilink

text: In May 2011 Garuda announced plans for a spin-off of Citilink. The new business plan was for Citilink to become a separate business entity in the first quarter of 2012 with a full brand overhaul for the airline, including a new livery design; new website; a new cabin interior design and cabin crew uniforms; and new advertising and marketing strategies.


title: Citilink

text: An integral part of this plan was for Citilink to secure 25 new Airbus A320s and utilising these new and more economical aircraft to expand into a significant regional low-cost carrier with the anticipation that by 2015, Citilink would contribute 30 percent of Garuda Indonesia's revenue.


title: Citilink

text: After obtaining an Air Operator's Certificate in August 2012, Citilink had carried 8 million passengers by the end of 2013 and was running at a load factor of 85 percent and an On Time Arrival rate of 87 percent. In May 2015 the airline's fleet consisted of four Boeing 737-300s, four Boeing 737-500s and thirty-four Airbus A320s.


title: Citilink

text: In late 2019, Citilink took delivery of two Airbus A330-900s originally ordered by WOW Air which are to be used for flights to Germany, Japan, and Saudi Arabia.


title: Citilink

text: As of November 2022, Citilink mostly serves Indonesian domestic destinations; it serves three international destinations:


title: Citilink

text: On 9 August 2011, Garuda Indonesia finalised an order for 25 Airbus A320 aircraft with options for 25 more, making the airline a new customer for the Airbus single aisle aircraft type. The order consisted of 15 Airbus A320s and 10 Airbus A320neos, with five aircraft expected to be delivered each year between 2014 and 2018. The fleet upgrade program was valued at around $2.13 billion.


title: Citilink

text: By late 2011, Garuda Indonesia was seeking more used A320s in preparation for the launch of proposed international Citilink services in 2012.


title: Citilink

text: In December 2012, Citilink placed an order for 25 ATR 72-600s with options for 25 more. This was Citilink's first direct order to a manufacturer. A direct order for 25 additional A320neos followed in January 2013, bringing up the total order to 35.


title: Citilink

text: Citilink's first A320, a second-hand aircraft, arrived in late June 2011 and entered into service on 16 September 2011, linking Jakarta with Balikpapan, Banjarmasin and Medan.


title: Citilink

text: Citilink aircraft cabins have standard configuration of 180 seats. In July 2018, Citilink introduced "Green Zone" programme. Seats on the first five rows and emergency window exit rows are named green seats, while the rest are named regular seats. Passengers wanting to book or request a green seat or specific regular seat during booking or check-in will be charged for a certain fee. Additional benefits include free snacks, drinks, and insurance.


title: Citilink

text: On 16 January 2019, Citilink became the first low cost carrier in the Asia Pacific region to offer Wi-Fi at 35,000 feet above ground for free using GX Aviation Systems. The first flight with the connectivity feature flew flight number QG684 on the Jakarta to Denpasar route.


title: Citilink

text: On 28 December 2016, a video taken by a passenger aboard Citilink Flight 800, a flight from Juanda International Airport in Surabaya to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta went viral after it purportedly showed a drunk pilot making a "bizarre announcement" before takeoff. Several passengers immediately reported the incident to the airline's headquarters. The crew of the flight quickly removed the drunk pilot from the cockpit. Due to the incident, the flight was delayed for an hour.


title: Citilink

text: Citilink immediately took action by sacking the pilot involved in the incident and issuing letters of apology to affected passengers. The Indonesian Transport Ministry apologized publicly to the Indonesian people due to the incident. The ministry later added that the pilot had undergone drug testing, conducted by the Indonesian National Narcotic Agency.


title: Citilink

text: Another video, captured from cameras at the airport security checkpoint, later surfaced and went viral. The video showed the drunk pilot becoming jittery and even nearly losing his balance during the security check. Police investigated the video, resulting in the Indonesian Transport Ministry sending Citilink its very first warning.


title: Citilink

text: In the aftermath of the incident, the CEO of Citilink, Albert Burhan, resigned. The operational director of Citilink, Hadinoto Soedigno, also resigned in response to the incident.


Citilink


title: Eurasier

text: The Eurasier, or "Eurasian", is a spitz type breed of dog that originated in Germany through cross-breeding between popular European and Asian Spitz. Its widely known as a wonderful companion that maintains its own personality, has a dignified reserve with strangers, has a strong bond to its family, and is relatively easy to train.


title: Eurasier

text: The Eurasier is a balanced, well-constructed, medium-sized Spitz (Spitzen) type dog with prick ears. It comes in different colors: fawn, red, wolf-grey, solid black, and black and tan. All color combinations are allowed, except for pure white, white patches, and liver color. Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) standards call for the Eurasier to have a thick undercoat and medium-long, loosely lying guard hair all over the body, with a short coat on the muzzle, face, ears, and front legs. The tail and the back of the front legs (feathers) and hind legs (breeches) should be covered with long hair. The coat on the Eurasier's neck should be slightly longer than on the body, but not forming a mane. The breed may have a pink, blue-black, or spotted tongue.


title: Eurasier

text: The male has a height of 52 to 60 cm (20–23.5 inches) at the withers and weighs between 23 and 32 kg (50–70 lb) and the female has a height of 48 to 56 cm (19–22 inches) at the withers and weighs between 18 and 26 kg (40–57 lb).


title: Eurasier

text: Eurasiers are calm, even-tempered dogs. They are watchful and alert, yet reserved towards strangers without being timid or aggressive. Eurasiers form a strong link to their families. For the full development of these qualities, the Eurasier needs constant close contact with its family, combined with understanding, yet consistent, training. They are extremely sensitive to harsh words or discipline and respond best to positive reinforcement. The Eurasier is a combination of the best qualities of the Chow Chow, the Keeshond, and the Samoyed, resulting in a dignified, intelligent breed.


title: Eurasier

text: Eurasiers were bred as companion dogs; as such, they do poorly in a kennel environment such as those commonly used for institutionally trained service dogs, nor are they well suited for the social stresses of working as a sled or guard dog. Eurasiers should never be restricted to only a yard, kennel, crate, or chained up. They would pine and become depressed. Within these limitations, Eurasiers can work very well as therapy dogs. This breed enjoys all kinds of activities, especially if the activities involve their family. Eurasiers are calm and quiet indoors; outdoors they are lively and enjoy action.


title: Eurasier

text: Eurasiers originated in Germany in 1960, when the founder, Julius Wipfel, set out together with Charlotte Baldamus and a small group of enthusiasts to create a breed with the best qualities of the Chow Chow and the Wolfspitz. The initial combination of the breeds resulted in what was first called "Wolf-Chow" and then, twelve years later, after crossing with a Samoyed, was renamed "Eurasier" (Eurasian) and recognized by the FCI in 1973. Nobel Laureate Konrad Lorenz obtained a Eurasier puppy from Charlotte Baldamus, Nanette vom Jaegerhof, whom he called "Babett". He thought her character was the best he had ever known in a dog.


title: Eurasier

text: Today, unethical breeders sometimes try to pass off a Keeshond/Chow Chow mix as a Eurasier. While they are genetically similar, these mixes cannot be classified as Eurasiers.


title: Eurasier

text: The Eurasier breed was recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) in 1995 as a member of Group 3 (Working Dogs).


title: Eurasier

text: The Kennel Club announced in December 2012 that with effect from April 1, 2013, the Eurasier breed will transfer from the imported register to the breed register.


title: Eurasier

text: Eurasiers are generally healthy dogs, though a small gene pool in the breed's early years has led to some hereditary diseases being seen occasionally. Known issues include hip dysplasia, luxating patella, and hypothyroidism, as well as eyelid and lash disorders such as distichiae, entropion, and ectropion.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi (English: "Another Kind of Marriage") is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film based on the story of Ashapurna Devi. The film is directed by Kaushik Ghatak and stars Isha Koppikar and Sonu Sood. "Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi" was released on 7 November 2008.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: "Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi" is the story of Chandni who belongs to a middle-class family living in Bhopal and Prem who is an unconventional ghazal singer and hails from an upper-middle-class family. Chandni’s mother died when she was 15 and she has two very young brother and sister. Chandni and Prem meet to practice for a Ghazal competition and fall in love. Families meet and agree for their marriage. On the day of their engagement, Chandni's father dies leaving her younger brother and younger sister dependent on Chandni herself. Initially Chandni decides to leave the house and her siblings under the care of her paternal uncle- however when she realizes that her unscrupulous uncle and aunt want only the house and care two hoots about her siblings, she decides to bring them up herself. Prem promises to wait for her and assists her in her troubles- while at the same time having become a famous ghazal singer.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: Chandni sacrifices her dream of becoming a singer and start giving music lessons at home. She also sings in parties and weddings to earn livelihood. Years pass by, her siblings have grown up now. Her brother graduates with flying colours and lands up with a good job. He insists Chandni to leave all the responsibilities on him. She insists that he marry his long-time girlfriend Natasha. Since Natasha is from an affluent family, he believes that she won’t understand their culture and lifestyle. But he marries her anyway.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: Believing that now Anuj and Natasha will take care of the ancestral house, Chandni and Prem decide to get married. But Chandni’s problems never seem to end. Chandni's brothers wife Natasha refusing to keep up with traditions and demanding a separate life with her husband.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: Prem’s mother who had grown old and wants to see her son married requests Chandni to marry him or leave him for good. Chandni who has already sent her brother with his wife to lead a separate life, cannot leave her sister alone. She wants to send her sister abroad for further studies. She asks Prem to forget her and get married for his mother’s sake.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: Chandni’s student who is settled with his family abroad agrees to help arrange Chandni’s sister’s studies. His mother then gets a thought of getting them married. Chandni agrees and plans to go on a pilgrimage after this. On the other hand, Anuj feels helpless being separated from his sisters. Natasha’s father makes her realise her mistake and understand the importance of family.


title: Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi

text: In the end, Natasha and Anuj returns home in younger sister’s marriage. Chandni is now free from her responsibilities. Prem returns with his mother to finally take Chandni to his home. Chandni and Prem's marriage is arranged and they are shown singing in a show together signifying that they lived happily ever after.


title: Cross River State

text: Cross River State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Named for the Cross River, the state was formed from the eastern part of the Eastern Region on 27 May 1967. Its capital is Calabar, it borders to the north through Benue state, to the west through Ebonyi state and Abia state, and to the southwest through Akwa Ibom state,while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon. Originally known as the South-Eastern State before being renamed in 1976, Cross River state formerly included the area that is now Akwa Ibom state, which became a distinct state in 1987.


title: Cross River State

text: Of the 36 states in Nigeria, Cross River state is the nineteenth largest in area and 27th most populous, with an estimated population of over 3.8 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is mainly divided between the Guinean forest–savanna mosaic in the far north and the Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests in the majority of the interior of the state. The smaller ecoregions are the Central African mangroves in the coastal far south and a part of the montane Cameroonian Highlands forests in the extreme northeast. The most major geographical feature is the state's namesake, the Cross River, which bisects the state's interior before forming much of the state's western border, and flowing into the Cross River Estuary. Other important rivers are the Calabar and Great Kwa rivers, which flow from the inland Oban Hills, before flanking the city of Calabar and flowing into the Cross River Estuary as well. In the forested interior of the state are several biodiverse protected areas including the Cross River National Park, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, and Mbe Mountains Community Forest. These wildlife reserves contain populations of Preuss's red colobus, African forest buffalo, bat hawk, tree pangolin, grey-necked rockfowl, and West African slender-snouted crocodile, along with some of Nigeria's last remaining Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee, drill, African forest elephant, and Cross River gorilla populations.


title: Cross River State

text: Modern-day Cross River state has been inhabited by several ethnic groups for hundreds of years, primarily the Efik of the riverside south and Calabar; the Ekoi (Ejagham) of the inland south; the Akunakuna, Boki, Bahumono, and Yakö (Yakurr) of the central region; and the Bekwarra, Bette, Igede, Ukelle (Kukele) of the northern region. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Cross River state was divided between its ethnic groups with some joining the Aro Confederacy, while the Efik founded the Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar) city-state. The latter become a British protectorate in 1884, as the capital of the Oil Rivers Protectorate; but it was in the early 1900s that the Britons gained formal control of the entire area. Around the same time, the protectorate (now renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate) was incorporated into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate, which later merged into British Nigeria. After the merger, much of the modern-day Cross River state has become a center of anti-colonial resistance during the Women's War and trade,through the international seaport at Calabar.


title: Cross River State

text: After independence in 1960, the area now regarded as Cross River state was a part of the post-independence Eastern Region until 1967, when the region was split and the area became part of the South-Eastern state. Less than two months afterwards, the Igbo-majority of the former Eastern Region attempted to secede as the state of Biafra; in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War. Calabar and its port was hard fought over in Operation Tiger Claw, while the people from Cross River state were persecuted by the Biafran forces as they were mainly non-Igbos. At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the South-Eastern state was reformed until 1976, when it was renamed Cross River state. Eleven years later, Cross River state was divided with western Cross River being broken off to form the new Akwa Ibom state. The state formerly contained the oil-producing Bakassi Peninsula, but it was ceded to Cameroon under the terms of the Greentree Agreement.


title: Cross River State

text: As an agricultural state, the Cross River state's economy partially relies on crops, such as cocoyam, rubber, oil palm, yam, cocoa, cashews, and plantain crops, along with fishing. Key minor industries involve tourism in and around the wildlife reserves along with the historic Ikom Monoliths site, Calabar Carnival, and Obudu Mountain Resort. Cross River state has the joint-thirteenth highest Human Development Index in the country and numerous institutions of tertiary education.


title: Cross River State

text: Cross River state derives its name from the Cross River, which passes through the state. It is a coastal state located in the Niger Delta region, and occupies 20,156 square kilometers. It shares boundaries with Benue state to the north, Ebonyi and Abia states to the west, to the east by Sud-Ouest Province in Cameroon, and to the south by Akwa-Ibom and the Atlantic Ocean. The state is made up of 18 Local Government Area Councils.


title: Cross River State

text: Like few other Nigerian states, the climate of Cross River state is tropical. Not only this, the state is characterised with relative humidity. The average temperature of the state is between 15C and 30C. However, this climatic condition is different in locations within the Cross River state such as the high plateau of Obudu, which has a record of a fall in temperature between 4C and 10C, as a result of the high altitude of this area. The capital city of the State, Calabar, has a significant record of rainfall within the year, while the dry season has less significant effect in the state due to the depth of rainfall experienced. Based on the records presented by the Climate Data of the state, the annual rainfall of Cross River state is 3306mm| 130.2 inch.


title: Cross River State

text: Cross River as a south-south state was created on 27 May 1967 from the former Eastern Region, Nigeria, by the General Yakubu Gowon regime. Its name was changed to Cross River state in the 1976 state creation exercise by the then General Murtala Mohammed regime from South Eastern State.The present day Akwa Ibom State was excised from it in the state creation exercise of September 1987 by the then regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. The struggle for a new state creation started in 1980 in the reign of president shehu shagari where Senator Joseph Oqua Ansa (Mon) the senator representing Calabar senatorial district then was at the helm of affairs. Its capital is Calabar. Its major towns are Calabar Municipality, Akamkpa, Biase, Calabar South, Ikom, Igede, Obubra, Odukpani, Ogoja, Bekwarra, Ugep, Obudu, Obanliku, Akpabuyo, Ofutop, Iso-bendghe, Danare, Boki, Yala, Bendeghe Ekiem, Etomi, Ediba, Itigidi, Ugep, Ukpe and Ukelle.


title: Cross River State

text: The state has many governors and administrators including Udoakaha J. Esuene, Paul Omu, Tunde Elegbede, Clement Isong, Donald Etiebet, Daniel Archibong, Ibim Princewill, Ernest Atta, Clement Ebri, Ibrahim Kefas, Gregory Agboneni, Umar Faoruk Ahmed, Christopher Osondu, Donald Duke, Liyel Imoke and Benedict Ayade. The Current Governor is Benedict Ayade, who was sworn into office on 29 May 2015. He was re-elected for a second term in office in 2019 under the platform of The People's Democratic Party.


title: Cross River State

text: The State is composed of several ethnic groups, which include the Efik, the Ejagham, Yakurr, Bahumono, Bette, Yala, Igede, Ukelle and the Bekwarra among others. There are four major languages spoken in the state: English, the common language, Efik, Bekwarra, and Ejagham. The Efik language is widely spoken in Cross River State, especially in Calabar Municipality, Calabar South, Akpabuyo, Bakassi, Akampkpa, Biase, and Odukpani Local Government Areas. The Ejagham language is also widely spoken language in Cross River State.


title: Cross River State

text: The Efik-speaking people live mainly in the Southern senatorial districts of Cross River, or as it is commonly referred to, the Greater Calabar district, which includes Calabar Municipality, Calabar South, Bakassi, Biase, Akpabuyo, Odukpani, and Akamkpa LGAs. There is also the Qua community in Calabar, which speaks Ejagham. The main Ejagham group occupies mostly the Greater Calabar areas of Calabar Municipality, Odukpani, Biase and Akampkpa sections of Cross River State.


title: Cross River State

text: There are also the Yakurr /Agoi/Bahumono ethnic groups in Yakurr and Abi LGA, while the Mbembe are predominantly found in Obubra LGA. Further up the core northern part of the state are several sub-dialectical groups, among which are Etung, Olulumo, Ofutop, Nkim/Nkum, Abanajum, Nseke and Boki in both Ikom, Etung and Boki LGAs. Also, the Yala/Yache, Igede, Ukelle, Ekajuk, Mbube, Bette, Bekwarra and Utukwang people are found in Ogoja, Yala, Obudu and Obanliku and Bekwarra LGA's. The Yala are a subgroup of the Idoma nation, part of the Yala LGA's subgroups are the Igede speaking people believed to have migrated from the Oju part of Benue State, who migrated from Ora, in Edo North.


title: Cross River State

text: In Cross River North, Bekwarra is one of the most widely spoken language. It is understood by other tribes in the district. This language along with Efik and Ejagham is used for news broadcast in the state owned radio and TV stations.


title: Cross River State

text: Cross River State epitomises the nation's linguistic and cultural plurality and it is important to note that, in spite of the diversity of dialects, all the indigenous languages in the state have common linguistic roots as Niger–Congo languages.


title: Cross River State

text: From the soaring plateaus of the mountain tops of Obanliku to the Rain forests of Afi, from the Waterfalls of Agbokim and Kwa to the spiralling ox-bow Calabar River which provides sights and images of the Tinapa Business Resort, Calabar Marina, Calabar Residency Museum and the Calabar Slave Park along its course, there is always a thrilling adventure awaiting the eco-tourist visiting Cross River State.


title: Cross River State

text: Other tourist attractions are the Ikom Monoliths (a series of volcanic-stone monoliths of unknown age), the Mary Slessor Tomb, Calabar Drill Monkey Sanctuary, Cross River National Park, Afi Mountain walkway canopy, Kwa falls, Agbokim waterfalls, Tinapa Business Resort, Mono rail way and the annual Calabar Carnival that takes place during the Christmas period.


title: Cross River State

text: Cross River State can be accessed by air through the Margaret Ekpo International Airport at Calabar. There are daily flights to Calabar from Lagos and Abuja serviced by airlines such as Air peace Airlines, Ibom Air Airlines and recently Cally Air, operated by Aero Contractors which worked for about 5 months in 2021 and at the start of 2022, it stopped operation. Reason is still unknown.


title: Cross River State

text: Education started with mother tongue education. Presently, a lot of schools in the state for educative learning in the society. The Tertiary educational institutions in the State includes:


title: Western Railway zone

text: The Western Railway (abbreviated WR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways and is among the busiest railway networks in India, headquartered at Mumbai, Maharashtra. The major railway routes of Indian Railways which come under Western Railways are: Mumbai Central–Ratlam, Mumbai Central–Ahmedabad and Palanpur–Ahmedabad. The railway system is divided into six operating divisions: , , , , , and . Vadodara railway station, being the junction point for the Ahmedabad–Mumbai route and the Mumbai–Ratlam route towards New Delhi, is the busiest junction station in Western Railways and one of the busiest junctions of Indian Railways too, while Ahmedabad Division earns highest revenue followed by Mumbai Division and Vadodara Division. Surat railway station is one of the busiest railway station in Western Railway in non-junction category where more than 180 trains pass per day.


title: Western Railway zone

text: Western Railway General Manager's official bungalow 'Bombarci' (abbreviation of Bombay, Baroda and Central India) is located on Altamont road in Cumbala hill, Mumbai.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The Western Railway was created on 5 November 1951 by merging several state-owned railways, including the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway (BB&CI), and the Saurashtra Railway, Rajputana Railway and Jaipur State Railway. The narrow-gauge lines of Cutch State Railway was also merged into it in 1951.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The BB&CI Railway was itself inaugurated in 1855, starting with the construction of a 29-mile (47-km) broad-gauge track from Ankleshwar to Utran in Gujarat state on the west coast. In 1864, the railway was extended to Mumbai.


title: Western Railway zone

text: Subsequently, the project was further extended beyond Vadodara in a north easterly direction towards Godhra, Ratlam, Nagda and thereafter northwards towards Kota and Mathura, to eventually link with the Great Indian Peninsular Railway, now the Central Railway, which had already started operating in Mumbai in 1853. In 1860 Surat railway station was built and it was first railway station in Asia which is having platform on first floor (above ground level). In 1883, a metre-gauge railway system, initially linking Delhi with Agra, Jaipur and Ajmer, was established.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The first suburban service in Mumbai with steam traction was introduced in April 1867. It was extended to Churchgate in 1870. By 1900 45 trains in each direction were carrying over one million passengers annually.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The railways of several princely states were also integrated into the Western Railway. The Gaekwars of Baroda built the Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway (GBSR), which was merged into the BB&CI in 1949. Several railways of western Gujarat, including the Bhavnagar, Kathiawar, Jamnagar & Dwarka, Gondal, and Morvi railways were merged into the Saurashtra Railway in 1948. The Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway was taken over by Rajasthan state in 1949, after the western portion was ceded to the government of Pakistan.


title: Western Railway zone

text: In 2002, the Jaipur and Ajmer divisions of the Western Railway became part of the newly created North Western Railway, and in April 2003 the Kota division of the Western Railway became part of the newly created West Central Railway.


title: Western Railway zone

text: Western Railway headquarters is in Mumbai's Churchgate station and serves the entire state of Gujarat, some portions of Western Madhya Pradesh, and coastal Maharashtra. The Western coast of India served by Western Railway has a number of ports, most important among them being Kandla, Hajira, Surat, Dahej, Mundra, Okha, Veraval, Porbandar, Bhavnagar in Gujarat state and Mumbai in Maharashtra.


title: Western Railway zone

text: Navapur railway station is unique as it falls in both the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra because both were as a one state of Bombay State before 1960 and after States Reorganization Act the Navapur station was divided equally among Gujarat and Maharashtra. So is the Surat railway station unique. It is Asia's one of the first railway station where the platforms is on the first floor, that is above the ground level. The ticket counter is on the ground floor.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The Western Railway operates Electric multiple units (EMUs) on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, which forms part of the Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line. The EMUs ply between Churchgate and Virar (60 km) and is projected to extend the service until Dahanu Road (Services actually started on 16 April 2013), while mainline electrical multiple units (MEMUs) service the section beyond Virar until Dahanu Road (60 km). EMUs are of 12-car or 15-car rakes and are differentiated as slow and fast locals. Slow trains halt at all stations, while fast ones halt at important stations only and are preferable over longer distances. The first electric train on this section was introduced in 1928 between Churchgate and Andheri.


title: Western Railway zone

text: On 17 January 2021, the Statue of Unity came on the railways map. Western Railway connected the Statue of Unity with Broad Gauge electrified line with Mumbai- Delhi main line at Vadodara. The project included gauge conversion of Dabhoi-Chandod section, new line from Chandod to Kevadiya(Statue of Unity) and electrification of Pratapnagar(Vadodara) to Kevadiya. The project was completed in a record time in close coordination with state government by Western Railway. It was inaugurated by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister through video conferencing from New Delhi. 8 inaugural trains were flagged off from various parts of the country on same day. Vistadome coach has been introduced in Ahmedabad-Kevadiya Janshatabdi express.


title: Western Railway zone

text: Conserving heritage, Western Railway has opened Heritage Gallery at its headquarters building at Churchgate, Mumbai. The Gallery has recently been renovated. It is a collection of various models of BB&CI era, the precursor of Western Railway. Many notes of agents of BB&CI dating back to 1860s have also been displayed. Suburban timetable of 1948, steam engine model, signalling equipment, Model of 1928 EMUs, working model of Auxiliary Warning System, etc. have been beautifully displayed.


title: Western Railway zone

text: The gallery gives an insight about the development of lines on Western Region of India. The BB&CI map dating back to 1930s shows us that the Western line started from Mumbai via Vadodara, Ratlam connected GIP Railway at Mathura to reach Delhi and further Peshawar. The "Frontier Mail" ("Golden Temple Mail") used to run up to Peshawar. The Gallery is open for public free of cost during working hours and on special occasions.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Al-Maghfur-Lah (Jawi: ; born 27 November 1956) is the 35th and current Sultan of Perak since May 2014. Co-currently, he is serving as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong since 13 December 2016. Additionally, he served as the Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong from November 2018 to December 2018 and again in January 2019.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: He is also a half-third cousin of Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim (the Crown Prince of Johor), since both share a common ancestor, Sultan Idris Shah I of Perak.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin Shah was born on 27 November 1956 at George Town, Penang, Malaya. during the reign of his grandfather, Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah. He is the eldest son of the late Sultan of Perak, Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah and the former Raja Permaisuri of Perak, Tuanku Bainun Binti Mohd Ali.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: He studied at Sekolah Rendah Jalan Kuantan, Kuala Lumpur from 1962 to 1967 then followed by lower secondary stage at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur from 1968 to 1970, and furthered his upper secondary and sixth form at The Leys School, Cambridge (UK) until 1975.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin Shah was born in Penang, Malaya on 27 November 1956 as the first child of Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah and his wife Tuanku Bainun binti Mohd Ali. Back then, his father was working as a magistrate and his mother was a teacher. His siblings are:


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin was educated at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur and holds a BA degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Worcester College, Oxford. He also holds an MPA degree from John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a PhD degree in Political Economy and Government from Harvard University.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin's research interests are in the area of economic and political development in South-East and North-East Asia, historical national income accounting and economic growth in developing countries.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: The Sultan has also written articles and spoken on a wide range of issues including the role of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia, education, Islam, ethnic relations and economic development.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: He has assumed the role of Financial Ambassador of the Malaysian International Islamic Financial Centre (MIFC), has been Chancellor of Universiti Malaya since 2014 and is the chairman of the Board of Governors of the Malay College Kuala Kangsar.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: He is also an Eminent Fellow of the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: The Perak Sultanate does not practice Agnatic Primogeniture like the other 7 Malay Rulers of Malaysia (excluding Negeri Sembilan), so, when his father ascended to become the Sultan of Perak, he does not automatically becomes the Raja Muda (Crown Prince). The Sultanate practices a hierarchy system, where the Sultan appoints princes of Perak to any vacant ranks. Fortunately at that time, there were some vacancies of the 6 princes with titles ranks. On 16 February 1984, he was proclaimed as the Raja Kechil Besar of Perak, which makes him 3rd in line to inherit the throne. After the death of Raja Ahmad Saifuddin ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Shah, the then-Raja Muda of Perak in 1987, the Raja Muda title was passed to him due to the then-Raja Di-Hilir of Perak, Raja Ahmad Hisham ibni Raja Abdul Malik, who was 80, refused the title due old age. He was proclaimed the Raja Muda of Perak on 15 April 1987.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: On 29 May 2014 he became the 35th Sultan of Perak on the death of his father, Sultan Azlan Shah. This momentous occasion marks the first time in almost a century ago that a father-son inheritance of the throne occurred in Perak due to the Sultanate not practicing Agnatic Primogeniture. It also marks the first time in centuries that the Sultan of Perak was not born in Perak as he was born in Penang.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: in Malay: "Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Al-Maghfurlah, Sultan, Yang di-Pertuan dan Raja Pemerintah Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan dan Jajahan Takluknya, D.K., D.K.S.A., D.K.A.,D.M.N., D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Kelantan), S.P.C.M, S.P.T.S, S.P.M.P. (Perlis), Ph.D (Harvard), MPA (Harvard)".


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: in English: "His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Al-Maghfurlah, The Sultan, Sovereign Ruler and Head of the Government of Perak Abode of Grace and its dependencies, D.K., D.K.S.A., D.K.A.,D.M.N., D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Kelantan), S.P.C.M, S.P.T.S, S.P.M.P. (Perlis), Ph.D (Harvard), MPA (Harvard)".


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Previously, he had been appointed as the Regent of Perak twice. The first time was when his father was elected as the ninth Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, where he became Regent for five years, starting from 26 April 1989 until 25 April 1994. When his father's health deteriorated in 2008, Sultan Nazrin served again as the Regent from 27 January 2008 until he ascended the throne and became the Sultan of Perak in 2014.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: As the Sultan of Perak, he is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Malaysian Army's Royal Army Engineers Regiment.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin was elected as the Deputy Yang Di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 14 October 2016. The appointment took effect on 13 December 2016.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: On 2 November 2018, Sultan Nazrin was proclaimed as the Acting Yang Di-Pertuan Agong after Sultan Muhammad V was on medical leave. He ended his duties on 31 December 2018. However, due to the sudden abdication of Sultan Muhammad V as the 15th Yang Di-Pertuan Agong on 6 January 2019, he again became the Acting King the very next day whilst the Conference of Rulers elects the 16th Yang Di-Pertuan Agong on 24 January 2019 and the subsequent swearing-in ceremony on 31 January 2019.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: In the 251st Meeting of the Conference of Rulers, while Sultan Abdullah of Pahang was elected as the 16th Yang Di Pertuan Agong, Sultan Nazrin was re-elected as the Deputy King for a new 5-year term effective on 31 January 2019. His regency as Acting King ended effective at the stroke of midnight on 31 January 2019.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: Sultan Nazrin married Zara Salim Davidson at Istana Iskandariah, Bukit Chandan, on 17 May 2007. Sultan Nazrin and Tuanku Zara had known each other for eight years prior to the wedding.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: The day after the wedding there was a ceremony to bestow Tuanku Zara Salim with the official title of Raja Puan Besar (Crown Princess) of Perak. Sultan Nazrin's father proclaimed Tuanku Zara Salim as the Raja Puan Besar of Perak and conferred the Darjah Kerabat on her.


title: Nazrin Shah of Perak

text: The first child of the couple, Raja Azlan Muzzaffar Shah, was born on 14 March 2008, followed by Raja Nazira Safya Shah, was born on 2 August 2011.


title: Queen of the Ring (TV series)

text: Queen of the Ring () is a 6-episode South Korean television drama starring Kim Seul-gi and Ahn Hyo-seop. The drama is one of the "Three Color Fantasy" drama trilogy by MBC and Naver. The drama's color is "Gold", It's previously occupied by "Romance Full of Life (Green)". It will air on Naver TV Cast every Tuesday at 0:00 (KST) starting from March 7, 2017 and on MBC every Thursday at 23:10 (KST) starting from March 9, 2017.


title: Queen of the Ring (TV series)

text: Story about a girl Nan-hee (Kim Seul-gi) who does not believe in herself because she feels she does not look as pretty as others. One day she receives a ring which holds a family secret. Due to the magical ring, she gets Se-gun (Ahn Hyo-seop) who's a handsome guy but has a cold-blooded personality to see her as his ideal type.


title: Queen of the Ring (TV series)

text: The director Kwon Sung-chan is known for his drama "One More Happy Ending", and the drama is the second work for the screenwriter Kim A-jung, after writing the scenario for "Divorce Lawyer in Love" drama.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Ulf Mark Schneider (born 9 September 1965) is a German-American businessman, and the CEO of Nestlé. He is the former CEO of the healthcare group Fresenius SE.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Schneider was born and raised in Neuwied, Germany. He became a U.S. citizen in 2003. He holds a doctorate in economics from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and an MBA from Harvard Business School.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Schneider was group finance director for Gehe UK plc, a pharmaceutical wholesale and retail distributor, in Coventry, England. Schneider held several senior executive positions starting in 1989 with Gehe's majority shareholder, Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH, a diversified German industrial company.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Schneider joined Fresenius in November 2001, when he was appointed chief financial officer of Fresenius Medical Care. From May 2003 until June 2016 he served as CEO of the parent company Fresenius. Under Schneider's leadership of Fresenius, the number of employees more than tripled, revenue quadrupled and net income increased twelvefold. While Schneider was CEO, Fresenius also carried out a number of major strategic acquisitions: the private hospital chain HELIOS Kliniken in 2005; US dialysis provider Renal Care Group, in 2006; US pharmaceutical company APP Pharmaceuticals, in 2008; Liberty Dialysis, another major dialysis provider in the US, in 2011; and, in 2014, the purchase of 41 hospitals from Rhön-Klinikum, through which HELIOS became the largest private hospital operator in Germany.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: In June 2016, Schneider was appointed CEO of Nestlé S.A., replacing Paul Bulcke. He started as CEO in January 2017. Schneider is the first outsider to run Nestlé since 1922. In 2017, Schneider announced the intent to focus capital spending on higher-growth categories of coffee, pet food, baby food and water and added consumer health to the list of priorities. He divested U.S. confections and ice cream businesses in a multibillion-dollar deals and led acquisitions of Atrium Health, Blue Bottle Coffee (majority stake), Sweet Earth Foods, Chameleon Cold-Brew, Tails.com, Freshly, and the Starbucks retail brand.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Schneider took the company out of stagnant product categories like bottled water and expanded into growing markets like supplements and plant proteins. Nestlé completed 85 acquisitions, while also selling many Nestlé businesses like the skincare division in order to focus on the food and beverage markets. Sales growth accelerated. According to "Financial Times", Schneider also led "some of the sector’s more ambitious environmental targets," such as a $2 billion effort to improve the recyclability of Nestlé's product packaging.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: Schneider chaired the European advisory board of Harvard Business School until 2016 and served on the board of directors of the American chemical company DuPont from 2014 to 2017.


title: Ulf Mark Schneider

text: In March 2022, Denys Shmyhal, the prime minister of Ukraine, criticized Schneider for not showing 'understanding' as the latter reportedly refused to suspend operations of Nestlé in Russia during the invasion of Ukraine. Shmyhal said that 'paying taxes to the budget of a terrorist country means killing defenseless children & mothers'. Nestle later suspended shipment of non-essential items but continued to produce essential food items in Russia. The company said that "our activities in Russia will focus on providing essential food, such as infant food and medical/hospital nutrition".


title: Mahesh Anand

text: Mahesh Anand (13 August 1961 – 9 February 2019) was an Indian actor, dancer and martial artist who worked in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He is remembered for playing villainous roles in Hindi films. He was a black belt in Karate and was a model and a trained dancer before he started acting. His debut movie was "Karishmaa" 1984 while his last on-screen appearance was in the 2019 comedy-drama "Rangeela Raja". Before acting in "Karishmaa" he performed for the opening sequence of "Sanam Teri Kasam" 1982 with his dance in silhouette.


title: Mahesh Anand

text: Anand has been married five times and also has a son. He first married actor Reena Roy’s sister Barkha Roy and went on to marry Miss India International, Erica Maria D’Souza in 1987, Madhu Malhotra in the year 1992, Usha Bachani in the year 2000 and a woman of Russian origin in 2015.


title: Mahesh Anand

text: On 9 February 2019, his maid failed to get any response from him after ringing the bell of his residence many times. She then immediately informed his sister who came there with Versova Police. Anand was found dead, sitting on a sofa and a bottle of alcohol & a food plate was found lying on a table beside him.


title: Gallup's most admired man and woman poll

text: Gallup, an American analytics and advisory company, has conducted an annual opinion poll to determine the most admired man and woman in the United States at the end of most years since 1946. Americans are asked, without prompting, to say which man and woman "living today in any part of the world" they admire the most. The results of the poll published as a top-ten list. In most years, the most admired man has been the incumbent president of the United States, and the most admired woman has been the first lady.


text: The incumbent president has been the most admired man in 58 of the 72 years in which the poll has been conducted. Dwight D. Eisenhower and Barack Obama have each been the most admired man 12 times. In his lifetime, the evangelist Billy Graham had 61 appearances in the top-ten list, the most of any individual, and 8 second-place finishes. Other men with many appearances are Ronald Reagan (31), Jimmy Carter (28), and Pope John Paul II (27). The incumbent pope has finished in the top-ten list every year since 1977. The survey has been considered, in part, to be a test of name recognition. While the top of the list is often predictable, scholars have found appearances further down in the top ten to be illuminating. For instance, in 1958, Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas, a segregationist, appeared on the list in the wake of the Little Rock Nine civil-rights episode.


text: Two former first ladies have had the most appearances as the most admired woman: Eleanor Roosevelt and Hillary Clinton. In the late 1940s and 1950s, Roosevelt was an ambassador to the United Nations, serving as the chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and leading the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and was widely referred to as the "First Lady of the World". Clinton served as the first lady from 1993 to 2001, a senator from New York, the secretary of state, and was the first American female presidential nominee of either of the two major American political parties when she ran in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton topped the list in 22 of the 25 polls conducted during between 1993 and 2017, including 16 times in a row from 2002 to 2017, before Michelle Obama became the most admired woman in 2018. Roosevelt was named the most admired woman 13 times. The highest number of top-ten appearances belongs to Queen Elizabeth II, with 52. Despite never winning, broadcaster Oprah Winfrey has finished in the top ten a total of 33 times, including finishing second 14 times.


text: In 1980, Mother Teresa and Rosalynn Carter tied for the most admired woman, and in 2019, Barack Obama and Donald Trump shared the title of most admired man. For the years 1946 and 1947, the "most admired person" was asked; the "most admired woman" was not asked in 1967. No poll was conducted in 1976 or 2021. A portion of those surveyed chose a friend or relative instead of a public figure.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In grammar, sentence and clause structure, commonly known as sentence composition, is the classification of sentences based on the number and kind of clauses in their syntactic structure. Such division is an element of traditional grammar.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: Sentences – which are composed of these clauses, in either "dependent" or "independent" form – also have patterns, as explained below.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A "simple sentence" consists of only one clause. A "compound sentence" consists of two or more independent clauses. A "complex sentence" has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. A set of words with no independent clause may be an "incomplete sentence", also called a "sentence fragment".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a "complex-compound sentence" or "compound-complex sentence".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses ("I don't know how to bake" and "I buy my bread already made"), combined into a single sentence with the coordinating conjunction "so". In example 3, "I enjoyed the apple pie" is an independent clause, and "that you bought for me" is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex. In sentence 4, "The dog lived in the garden" and "the cat lived inside the house" are both independent clauses; "who was smarter" is a dependent clause. Example 5 features a noun phrase but no verb. It is not a grammatically complete clause.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, "I", and one verb, "run".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, "girl", and one predicate, "ran into her bedroom". The predicate is a verb phrase that consists of more than one word.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, "dog", and one predicate, "barked and howled at the cat". This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate: "barked" and "howled". (This should not be confused with a compound sentence.) "In the backyard" and "at the cat" are prepositional phrases.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In the English language, a compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a "coordinating" conjunction, a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as "for", "and", "nor", "but", "or", "yet", and "so". Examples:


title: Sentence clause structure

text: The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a comma splice and is generally considered an error (when used in the English language). Example:


title: Sentence clause structure

text: If a sentence contains "homogenous" members referring to another common member of the sentence, the sentence may be considered either simple or compound. If the homogenous members are removed, then the sentence is called "contracted". In some languages, like Russian, a comma is not always required in a sentence with homogenous members.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a subordinating conjunction or similar word. There are a large number of subordinating conjunctions in English. Some of these give the clause an adverbial function, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called adverbial clauses.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause, "When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house". The adverbial clause describes when and where the action of the main clause, "I had only two things on my mind", took place.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase in the independent clause. In other words, the relative clause functions similar to an adjective.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In the first example, the restrictive relative clause "who has been deceived" specifies or defines the meaning of "him" in the independent clause, "Let him complain". In the second example, the non-restrictive relative clause "who have never known your family" describes "you" in the independent clause, "You see them standing around you".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. A noun clause may function as the subject of a clause, a predicate nominative or an object.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause "What she had realized" serves as the subject of the verb "was", and "that love was that moment" serves as complement. The sentence also contains a relative clause, "when your heart was about to burst".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: An incomplete sentence, or sentence fragment, is a set of words that does not form a complete sentence, either because it does not express a complete thought or because it lacks some grammatical element, such as a subject or a verb. A dependent clause without an independent clause is an example of an incomplete sentence.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: An -"ing" fragment is a type of incomplete sentence containing a word ending in -"ing" that is a gerund or noun, not a verb, because it lacks a helping verb. An example is, "Swimming in the ocean".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: Some prescriptive grammars consider sentences starting with a conjunction such as "but" or "and" to be incomplete sentences, but this style prescription has "no historical or grammatical foundation". Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: A "run-on" sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (i.e. clauses that have not been made dependent through the use of a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction) that are joined without appropriate punctuation: the clauses "run on" into confusion. The independent clauses can be "fused", as in "It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark", in which case the two independent clauses might be separated (between "five" and "we") with a period [...five. We...], a comma and conjunction (...five, and we...), or a semicolon (...five; we...). The independent clauses can be joined "inadequately" with only a comma (the comma splice). James Joyce's novel "Ulysses" employs a stream of consciousness, which takes literary license by intentionally breaking this grammatical rule by use of long, punctuation-free, run-on sentences, particularly in the final chapter "Penelope".


title: Sentence clause structure

text: In general, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without using a coordinating conjunction (i.e. "for", "and", "nor", "but", "or", "yet", "so") or correct punctuation (i.e. semicolon, dash, or period). A run-on sentence can be as short as four words – for instance, "I drive she walks", or even "I drive, she walks," – because in these short cases there are two subjects paired with two intransitive verbs. An imperative sentence like "Run walk" can be a run-on even if it only has two words.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: While some sources view comma splices as a form of run-on sentences, others limit the term to independent clauses that are joined without punctuation.


title: Sentence clause structure

text: Per "The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language", the term "run-on sentence" is also used for "a very long sentence, especially one lacking order or coherence".


title: Sean Marks

text: Sean Andrew Marks (born 23 August 1975) is a New Zealand-American basketball executive and former player and coach who is the general manager and alternate owner of the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was the first New Zealand-born player to play in the NBA. Marks won two championships with the San Antonio Spurs: one as a player in 2005 and another as an assistant coach in 2014.


title: Sean Marks

text: After attending Rangitoto College in Auckland, Marks moved to the United States in 1992 to play for the University of California, Berkeley where he majored in political science, graduating with a BA degree in 1998. He was drafted 44th overall in the 1998 NBA Draft by the New York Knicks, and was traded on draft night, alongside Charles Oakley, to the Toronto Raptors for Marcus Camby. Marks would later play for the Miami Heat and San Antonio Spurs.


title: Sean Marks

text: In 2000–01, Marks started the season with Śląsk Wrocław of Poland, and in December 2000 had an unsuccessful ten-day contract (0 games) with the Seattle SuperSonics, returning to his Polish team until the season ended. In 2003–04, while with the Spurs, he did not play a single second due to patella tendonitis.


title: Sean Marks

text: In the next season, while playing for the Spurs Marks averaged 10 minutes per game and produced an average of 3 points and 2 rebounds. That year the Spurs won the NBA championship by defeating the Detroit Pistons in seven games. Marks did not receive any playing time for the Spurs during the 2005 playoffs.


title: Sean Marks

text: Marks signed with the Phoenix Suns on 27 July 2006, to a one-year contract, re-signing with the Arizona outfit on 24 July 2007.


title: Sean Marks

text: On 16 April 2008, during a win over the Portland Trail Blazers in the Suns last regular-season game, Marks scored a double-double with 16 points and 13 rebounds, along with 1 steal and 1 block.


title: Sean Marks

text: Marks later signed with the New Orleans Hornets on 28 August 2008. On 21 October 2010, Marks was waived by the Washington Wizards after he had failed to suit up for a pre-season game because of a hamstring injury. He was signed by Portland in November after the retirement of Fabricio Oberto.


title: Sean Marks

text: On 24 February 2011, Marks was traded along with Joel Przybilla, Dante Cunningham and two future first-round draft picks to the Charlotte Bobcats for Gerald Wallace. The Bobcats waived Marks on March 3, 2011.


title: Sean Marks

text: Internationally, Marks represented New Zealand. He competed in the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games, and was part of their fourth-place finish at the 2002 FIBA World Championship held in Indianapolis, US.


title: Sean Marks

text: Marks retired in 2011. In 2012, he was named basketball operations assistant for the San Antonio Spurs and general manager for the Austin Toros. He became an assistant coach with the Spurs in 2013. The Spurs went on to win the 2014 NBA Finals after defeating the Miami Heat in five games. It was Marks second championship and first as an assistant coach. At the start of the following season he returned to the front office, being named assistant general manager.


title: Sean Marks

text: On 18 February 2016, it was announced that the Brooklyn Nets named Marks as the new general manager for the team, and penned a 4-year contract. Marks told then-owner Mikhail Prokhorov that his vision for rebuilding a team that had collapsed to only 21 wins involved a process that would take several years to execute, and made clear that he was not interested in a repeat of Prokhorov's previous "win now" approach. Earlier, Prokhorov had acknowledged his previous free-spending strategy was not the best way in the long run to build a champion. During the third year of Marks' contract, the Nets appeared in the 2019 NBA Playoffs, making it their first appearance since 2015.


title: Sean Marks

text: On 21 April 2019, Marks was suspended for Game 5 of the Nets' contest against the Philadelphia 76ers, due to entering the referees’ locker room after the Nets' Game 4 loss. He was subsequently fined $25,000.


title: Vienna Convention on Road Traffic

text: The Convention on Road Traffic, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, is an international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing standard traffic rules among the contracting parties. The convention was agreed upon at the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. It came into force on 21 May 1977. This conference also produced the Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The Convention had amendments on 3 September 1993 and 28 March 2006. There is a European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which was concluded in Geneva on 1 May 1971.