title: Barra

text: Tourism provides the main income for the majority of islanders; the high season lasts from May to September. Thousands of people visit the island every year, the busiest times being during & BarraFest in July. The Heritage and Cultural Centre is located in Castlebay, next to Castlebay Community School. It has various exhibitions each year and is open throughout the year. In April 2020, Condé Nast Traveller summed up Barra as "a delightful little island with its own castle and beach airport" and recommended visiting the "high cliffs in the east and lovely beaches and bays in the west".


title: Barra

text: The Outer Hebrides Web site particularly recommended visits to sites "the iconic Kisimul Castle at Castlebay" and stopping to see the Barra seals at Seal Bay. The Explore Scotland tourism Web site also discusses the Barra Golf Club, Kisimul Castle, Barra Heritage and Cultural Centre, Heaval for exceptional views, Church of Our Lady Star of the Sea and Cille Bharra, the ancient graveyard.


title: Barra

text: According to the Scottish Government, "tourism is by far and away the mainstay industry" of the Outer Hebrides, "generating £65m in economic value for the islands, sustaining around 1000 jobs" The report adds that the "islands receive 219,000 visitors per year". The Outer Hebrides tourism bureau states that 10-15% of economic activity on the islands was made up of tourism in 2017. The agency states that the "exact split between islands is not possible" when calculating the number of visits, but "the approximate split is Lewis (45%), Uist (25%), Harris (20%), Barra (10%)".


title: Barra

text: Castlebay is the primary base for tourists, with a few hotels, a supermarket, bank and petrol station. Explore Scotland stated in 2020 that the island was "also an ideal starting point for visiting and exploring the Uists and Benbecula".


title: Barra

text: In 2010, camping on the machair at the airport was banned due to erosion; this prompted crofters to provide areas on their crofts for visiting tourists. Boat trips to the neighbouring island of Mingulay are available during the summer season, and island-hopping plane trips are also available.


title: Barra

text: The Barratlantic factory, in Northbay is a fish and shellfish processing company. As of 2020, its main products were king scallops and langoustines but it was selling most types of white fish from the quayside. Their Web site indicated that the stock included "cod; haddock; skate; witches; megrims; turbot; Dover sole and monkfish which you can buy direct from the factory". The Hebridean Toffee Factory in Castlebay is one of the few manufacturers on Barra and it makes the products locally. According to Visit Scotland, the toffee can be ordered from anywhere in the world; "it is made to order and is usually shipped within 24 hours".


title: Barra

text: Isle of Barra Distillers was founded by Michael and Katie Morrison in 2016; their Barra Atlantic Gin was first sold in August 2017 and the company has expanded since then. As of early 2021, the distillery continued marketing gin, with great success. The plan for whisky was stated on its Web site as: "It is our goal to open the Islands first Single Malt Whisky Distillery within the next 2-3 years".


title: Barra

text: The Isle of Barra distillery was founded in 2003 as Uisge Beatha nan Eilean Ltd and became a Community Benefit Society in 2018 under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014. In December 2012, four 6 kW wind turbines made by Proven (Proven were bought by Kingspan Group in 2011) were erected next to the reservoir Loch Uisge, which originally supplied the mains water to Castlebay. It is proposed that as much as possible of the raw materials, supply chain and labor to produce the whisky should remain as local as possible to minimise imports and maximise the benefit to the island's economy.


title: Barra

text: Besides being regularly featured in various television programmes on the Scottish Gaelic channel BBC Alba since it began broadcasting in 2008, Barra has also been part of:


title: Barra

text: The 1949 Ealing Studios comedy "Whisky Galore!" was filmed on Barra. The film is based on the novel "Whisky Galore" by Sir Compton Mackenzie, itself a fictionalised telling of the story of the SS "Politician", which ran aground with a cargo of some 50,000 cases of whisky on board in 1941. Mackenzie, who lived near the airport and died in 1972, is buried in a grave marked by a simple cross at cemetery, which is situated a little way up the hillside overlooking Eoligarry jetty. The sequel "Rockets Galore!" was also filmed in and around the island.


title: Barra

text: The sitcom "Dad's Army", broadcast from 1968 to 1977, Private Frazer claims to be from Barra, which he often describes as "a wild and lonely place".


title: Barra

text: Barra was also featured in the 2006 Channel 5 documentary "Extraordinary people: The Boy Who Lived Before", where a young boy named Cameron, who lived in Glasgow, claimed to have memories of past life on the island.


title: Barra

text: The island was the location for the fifth (2011) and sixth series (2012) of the BBC Two documentary "An Island Parish" documenting the arrival and subsequent experiences of a new Catholic priest on the island – Father John Paul.


title: Barra

text: The Franciscan priest, specialist in mystical theology and author Rayner Torkington wrote a book describing how he was influenced after a chance encounter on Barra by meeting a hermit called Peter Calvay who had lived on the island of Hellisay for a number of years in the first half of the twentieth century. The book titled ‘Peter Calvay, hermit: A personal rediscovery of prayer’ was first published in 1977 and has had at least eleven reprintings.


title: Barra

text: Torkington's book ‘Wisdom from the Western Isles: the making of a mystic’, published in 2008, also describes the author's meetings with Peter Calvay whilst he was staying on Barra.


title: Barra

text: In 2008 the Barra RNLI Life Boat, "Edna Windsor" was featured on a series of stamps. The first class stamp shows the Severn class lifeboat in action in the Sound of Berneray southwest of Barra in swell with of wind.


title: Barra

text: Barra hosts an annual half-marathon called the Barrathon, which is part of the Western Isles Half Marathon series. This is accompanied by a shorter fun-run for families and younger children. A number of fund-raising events are held around this, including ceilidhs and dances.


title: Barra

text: There is also an annual hill race, in which participants run up Heaval (383 m) before returning to Castlebay Square. The fastest recorded time, set in 1987, is 26.25 minutes.


title: Barra

text: The Barra community holds an annual games on the island. The island golf club, "", has a 9-hole course that is claimed to be the furthest west in the United Kingdom. However, this title may be held by one of the courses near Enniskillen in Northern Ireland.


title: Barra

text: Tourists can also go sea kayaking or power kiting and fishing. Pony trekking available on the rare, native Eriskay Ponies.


title: Barra

text: Barra's airport, near Northbay, uses the cockle shell beach of Traigh Mhor, (Scottish Gaelic: "The Great Beach") as a runway. Planes can land and take off only at low tide, so the timetable varies. Voted the world's most scenic landing location using a scheduled flight, Barra's airport is claimed to be the only airport in the world to have regular scheduled flights landing on a beach. As of 2019 Loganair advertises flights to Barra in the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, aircraft travelling to and from Glasgow. There are usually flights every day of the week in the summer.


title: Barra

text: A large Ro-Ro Ferry runs between the island and Oban from the ferry terminal at Castlebay, and takes about 5 hours. A smaller vehicle ferry links the island to South Uist and travels between Ardmore (') at the north of the island and in Eriskay ('). This crossing takes around 40 minutes. Both are run by Caledonian MacBrayne.


title: Barra

text: There are local buses, which use the circular A888 and the road to the northern ferry terminal to Eriskay and the airport, and usually coincide with flight times and ferry times.


title: Barra

text: The company's latest project is a 900 kW Enercon E-44 wind turbine installed at , at the most northwesterly point of the island. At the time of construction, it was anticipated that the wind resource would make this one of the most productive 900 kW turbines in Western Europe.


title: Our Common Future

text: Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, was published on October 1987 by the United Nations through the Oxford University Press. This publication was in recognition of Gro Harlem Brundtland's, former Norwegian Prime Minister, role as Chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED).


title: Our Common Future

text: Its targets were multilateralism and interdependence of nations in the search for a sustainable development path. The report sought to recapture the spirit of the Stockholm Conference which had introduced environmental concerns to the formal political development sphere. "Our Common Future" placed environmental issues firmly on the political agenda; it aimed to discuss the environment and development as one single issue.


title: Our Common Future

text: The document was the culmination of a "900-day" international exercise which catalogued, analysed, and synthesised written submissions and expert testimony from "senior government representatives, scientists and experts, research institutes, industrialists, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and the general public" held at public hearings throughout the world.


title: Our Common Future

text: The report defined 'sustainable development' as "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".


title: Our Common Future

text: The Brundtland Commission Report recognized that human resource development in the form of poverty reduction, gender equity, and wealth redistribution was crucial to formulating strategies for environmental conservation, and it also recognized that environmental-limits to economic growth in industrialized and industrializing societies existed. The Brundtland Report claimed that poverty reduces sustainability and accelerates environmental pressures – creating a need for the balancing between economy and ecology.


title: Our Common Future

text: The publication of "Our Common Future" and the work of the World Commission on Environment and Development laid the groundwork for the convening of the 1992 Earth Summit and the adoption of Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration and to the establishment of the Commission on Sustainable Development.


title: Our Common Future

text: In addition, key contributions of "Our Common Future" to the concept of sustainable development include the recognition that the many crises facing the planet are "interlocking crises" that are elements of a single crisis of the whole and of the vital need for the active participation of all sectors of society in consultation and decisions relating to sustainable development.


title: Our Common Future

text: In 1988, Helge Ole Bergesen wrote that this report is perceived by the Third World elites as green imperialism.


The George Washington Birthplace National Monument is a national monument in Westmoreland County, Virginia, United States. This site was a colonial tobacco plantation developed by Englishman John Washington in the mid-17th century. John Washington was a great-grandfather of George Washington, general of the Continental Army and first president of the United States of America. George Washington was born in this house on February 22, 1732. He lived here until age three, returning later to live here as a teenager.


title: George Washington Birthplace National Monument

text: Before the 20th century, the original house was lost, but the foundation outlines of Washington's house are marked. The public park was established in 1930 and in 1931 a memorial house was built in historicist style to mark the site and to represent an 18th-century tobacco plantation. The historic park opened in 1932, during the Great Depression. At the entrance to the grounds, now maintained and operated by the National Park Service, is a Memorial Shaft obelisk of Vermont marble; it is a one-tenth scale replica of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.


text: The monument (referring to the house, property and memorial complex) and its preceding plantation, which eventually would be called Wakefield, are located at the confluence of Popes Creek and the larger Potomac River, and is representative of 18th-century Virginia tobacco plantations. The area has been restored, planted and maintained with farm buildings, groves of trees, livestock, gardens, and crops of tobacco and wheat, to represent the environment Washington knew here as a boy.


text: One of George Washington's great-grandfathers, John Washington, settled this plantation in 1657 at the original property on Bridges Creek. The family acquired expanded land to the south toward nearby Popes Creek.


text: Before 1718 the first section of the house in which George Washington was born was built. His father enlarged it between 1722–1726. He added on to it by the mid-1770s, making a ten-room house known as "Wakefield". This house, which George Washington in 1792 would describe as "the ancient mansion seat," was destroyed by fire and flood on Christmas Day 1779, and never rebuilt.


text: Thirty-two graves of Washington family members have been found at the Bridges Creek cemetery plot, including George's half-brother, father, grandfather, and great-grandfather.


text: In 1858, the Commonwealth of Virginia acquired the property to preserve the homesite and cemetery, but the Civil War intervened. Short on revenues for such purposes, Virginia donated the land to the federal government in 1882.


text: The Wakefield National Memorial Association was formed in 1923 to restore the property. In 1930, the grounds were authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument. In 1931, the Wakefield Association received a grant from John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to acquire and transfer a total of of land to the Federal government.


text: Since the exact appearance of the original Washington family home is not known, a Memorial House was designed by Edward Donn, Jr., representing similar buildings of the era; it was constructed on the approximate site in 1931. The actual location of Washington's boyhood home is adjacent to the memorial house and its foundation is outlined in the ground by crushed oyster shells.


text: The Memorial House represents a typical upper-class house of the period of the original's construction. The Memorial House is constructed of bricks handmade from local clay. It has a central hallway and four rooms on each floor, furnished in the 1730–1750 period style by the Wakefield National Memorial Association. Furnishings include an 18th-century tea table believed to have been in the original house. Most of the other furnishings are more than 200 years old.


text: The park and Memorial House were opened by the National Park Service in 1932, on the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.


text: In the 21st century, the Monument is part of the National Park Service's ongoing efforts to interpret historical resources. In addition to the Memorial House, park facilities open to visitors include the historic birthplace home area, Kitchen House, hiking trails, and picnic grounds. In the Kitchen House, costumed re-enactors demonstrate candle- and soap-making.


text: A Colonial Herb and Flower Garden has been planted with herbs and flowers common to Washington's time, such as thyme, sage, and basil, and flowers such as hollyhocks, forget-me-nots, and roses. Typical trees and bushes of Washington's time have also been added to the landscaping. The Colonial Living Farm has a barn and pasture, and raises livestock, poultry, and crops of the 18th century variety, using farming methods common then.


text: Visitors may also tour the Washington family Burial Ground, which contains the graves of 32 members of the Washington family, including George Washington's father, grandfather, and great-grandfather. Replicas of two original gravestones are visible, along with five memorial tablets placed here in the 1930s.


text: The Visitors' Center contains artifacts recovered from the burned-down Washington house, such as those pictured at right ("clockwise, from right"): a bowl, clay figurine, wine bottle seal belonging to Augustine Washington, wine bottle, and keyhole plate.


text: The George Washington Birthplace National Monument is east of Fredericksburg, Virginia, located on the Northern Neck. It can be reached via Virginia State Route 204, the access road to the site from Virginia State Route 3.


text: The town of Montross, Virginia, is nearby, as is Stratford Hall Plantation, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee and Founding Fathers and signers of the Declaration of Independence Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee.


title: Push dagger

text: A push dagger (alternately known as: punch dagger, punch knife, or push knife) is a short-bladed dagger with a "T" handle designed to be grasped and held in closed-fist hand, so that the blade protrudes from the front of the fist, either between the index and middle fingers, or between the two central fingers, when the grip and blade are symmetrical. Less often also called push dirk, which although a dirk is also a "relatively" short, close-combat thrusting blade, it is normally a "long"-bladed thrusting dagger.


title: Push dagger

text: It originates as a close-combat weapon for civilians in the early 19th century, and also saw some use in the trench warfare of World War I.


title: Push dagger

text: This weapon is analogous, or a remote predecessor at best, as the "katar" is gripped by two close-set vertical bars, while a push dagger uses a T-handle and a blade that protrudes between the fingers when properly gripped.


title: Push dagger

text: The push dagger appears to originate in the 19th-century Southern US. Politicians wore them into state and federal buildings, even the United States Capitol. As a concealable weapon, the push dagger was a favorite choice of civilian owners requiring a discreet knife capable of being used for personal protection. Before the development of reliable small pistols such as the derringer, the push dagger was especially popular among riverboat gamblers and residents of the larger towns and cities of the Old Southwest, particularly gamblers and émigrés from the city of New Orleans, Louisiana.


title: Push dagger

text: The New Orleans-style push dagger was known as the gimlet knife. The gimlet knife had a short blade with a "gimlet" or T-handle. It was a common weapon in the city during the 1800s and was usually slipped into a boot or concealed inside a coat sleeve or else hung on a waistcoat button by a strap attached to the knife's leather sheath. The gimlet knife was used in so many riots, fights, and murders in New Orleans that the city passed an ordinance in 1879 prohibiting anyone within city limits from selling, offering or exhibiting such a weapon for sale.


title: Push dagger

text: The push dagger also was a favorite weapon in 19th-century San Francisco, California. The San Francisco style of push dagger tended to have a slightly longer blade than that of the gimlet knife and was most often equipped with a T-handle made of walrus ivory.


title: Push dagger

text: During the latter half of the 19th century, the push dagger also enjoyed a brief period of popularity in Britain and Central Europe, particularly in Germany, where it was called the "Stoßdolch" or "Faustmesser", meaning "push-dagger" and "fist-knife", respectively. The weapon is thought to have been introduced there in the mid-1800s by foreign sailors visiting North German ports. German cutlery makers began to manufacture domestic versions of the design, often set in nickel-silver mountings. The "Stoßdolch" was sold primarily as a self-defense weapon for travelers, salesmen, and others who required a compact, concealable weapon. Push daggers continued to be sold in Britain and Europe through the end of the 19th century, when the combination of more effective police forces and the availability of inexpensive small handguns caused a substantial decline in sales and usage of push daggers and other types of specialized fighting knives.


title: Push dagger

text: The reality of static trench warfare in World War I created a need for short, handy close-combat weapons that could be used in the confines of a trench. With pistols in short supply, a variety of knives and other stabbing weapons were created or issued to troops serving in the trenches. Originally most of these weapons were fabricated in the field from readily available materials such as metal stakes, but soon factory-made examples of knuckle knives and push daggers appeared at the front, and were used by both sides in the war. In Britain the Robbins-Dudley Co. of Dudley, Worcestershire, a metalworking company, was one of the first commercial producers of specialized wartime knuckle-knives and push daggers for private sale to individual soldiers and officers. The typical Robbins-Dudley push dagger – referred to as a 'punch knife' by its maker – utilized an aluminium "knuckle"-type handle cast onto a heat-treated steel dagger blade or alternatively, a metal spike, which was subsequently blackened to prevent reflections in moonlight.


title: Push dagger

text: The push dagger re-emerged during World War II, where it was first issued as combat weapon for British commandos, SAS, SOE, and other specialized raiding or guerrilla forces requiring a compact and concealable weapon for sentry elimination or close-quarters fighting.


title: Push dagger

text: During the 1980s several new versions of the push dagger concept were produced by a variety of speciality cutlery manufacturers, and were sold primarily as 'tactical' or self-defense weapons, particularly in the USA.


title: Push dagger

text: The sale and possession (or possession in public) of a push dagger with blade perpendicular to the handle is prohibited in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and Canada although if the edge is parallel to the handle they are legal. The laws of many countries and several U.S. states and cities prohibit or criminalize to some degree the purchase, possession, or sale of push daggers or knuckle knives.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Ankyloglossia varies in degree of severity from mild cases characterized by mucous membrane bands to complete ankyloglossia whereby the tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Ankyloglossia can affect eating, especially breastfeeding, speech and oral hygiene as well as have mechanical/social effects. Ankyloglossia can also prevent the tongue from contacting the anterior palate. This can then promote an infantile swallow and hamper the progression to an adult-like swallow which can result in an open bite deformity. It can also result in mandibular prognathism; this happens when the tongue contacts the anterior portion of the mandible with exaggerated anterior thrusts.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Opinion varies regarding how frequently ankyloglossia truly causes problems. Some professionals believe it is rarely symptomatic, whereas others believe it is associated with a variety of problems. The disagreement among professionals was documented in a study by Messner and Lalakea (2000).


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Messner "et al." studied ankyloglossia and infant feeding. Thirty-six infants with ankyloglossia were compared to a control group without ankyloglossia. The two groups were followed for six months to assess possible breastfeeding difficulties; defined as nipple pain lasting more than six weeks, or infant difficulty latching onto or staying onto the mother's breast. Twenty-five percent of mothers of infants with ankyloglossia reported breastfeeding difficulty compared with only 3% of the mothers in the control group. The study concluded that ankyloglossia can adversely affect breastfeeding in certain infants. Infants with ankyloglossia do not, however, have such big difficulties when feeding from a bottle. Limitations of this study include the small sample size and the fact that the quality of the mother's breastfeeding was not assessed.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Wallace and Clark also studied breastfeeding difficulties in infants with ankyloglossia. They followed 10 infants with ankyloglossia who underwent surgical tongue-tie division. Eight of the ten mothers experienced poor infant latching onto the breast, 6/10 experienced sore nipples and 5/10 experienced continual feeding cycles; 3/10 mothers were exclusively breastfeeding. Following a tongue-tie division, 4/10 mothers noted immediate improvements in breastfeeding, 3/10 mothers did not notice any improvements and 6/10 mothers continued breastfeeding for at least four months after the surgery. The study concluded that tongue-tie division may be a possible benefit for infants experiencing breastfeeding difficulties due to ankyloglossia and further investigation is warranted. The limitations of this study include the small sample size and the fact that there was not a control group. In addition, the conclusions were based on subjective parent report as opposed to objective measures.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Messner and Lalakea studied speech in children with ankyloglossia. They noted that the phonemes likely to be affected due to ankyloglossia include sibilants and lingual sounds such as 'r'. In addition, the authors also state that it is uncertain as to which patients will have a speech disorder that can be linked to ankyloglossia and that there is no way to predict at a young age which patients will need treatment. The authors studied 30 children from one to 12 years of age with ankyloglossia, all of whom underwent frenuloplasty. Fifteen children underwent speech evaluation before and after surgery. Eleven patients were found to have abnormal articulation before surgery and nine of these patients were found to have improved articulation after surgery. Based on the findings, the authors concluded that it is possible for children with ankyloglossia to have normal speech in spite of decreased tongue mobility. However, according to their study, a large percentage of children with ankyloglossia will have articulation deficits that can be linked to tongue-tie and these deficits may be improved with surgery. The authors also note that ankyloglossia does not cause a delay in speech or language, but at the most, problems with enunciation. Limitations of the study include a small sample size as well as a lack of blinding of the speech-language pathologists who evaluated the subjects’ speech.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Several recent systematic reviews and randomized control trials have argued that ankyloglossia does not impact speech sound development and that there is no difference in speech sound development between children who received surgery to release tongue-tie and those who did not.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Messner and Lalakea also examined speech and ankyloglossia in another study. They studied 15 patients and speech was grossly normal in all the subjects. However, half of the subjects reported that they thought that their speech was more effortful than other peoples' speech.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Horton and colleagues discussed the relationship between ankyloglossia and speech. They believe that the tongue-tie contributes to difficulty in range and rate of articulation and that compensation is needed. Compensation at its worst may involve a Cupid's bow of the tongue.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Although the tongue-tie exists, and even years following surgery, common speech abnormalities include mispronunciation of words, the most common of which is pronouncing Ls as Ws; for example, the word "lemonade" would come out as "wemonade".


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Ankyloglossia can result in mechanical and social effects. Lalakea and Messner studied 15 people, aged 14 to 68 years old. The subjects were given questionnaires in order to assess functional complaints associated with ankyloglossia. Eight subjects noted one or more mechanical limitations which included cuts or discomfort underneath the tongue and difficulties with kissing, licking one's lips, eating an ice cream cone, keeping one's tongue clean and performing tongue tricks. In addition, seven subjects noted social effects such as embarrassment and teasing. The authors concluded that this study confirmed anecdotal evidence of mechanical problems associated with ankyloglossia and it suggests that the kinds of mechanical and social problems noted may be more prevalent than previously thought. Furthermore, the authors note that some patients may be unaware of the extent of the limitations they have due to ankyloglossia, since they have never experienced a normal tongue range of motion. A limitation of this study is the small sample size that also represented a large age range.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Lalakea and Messner note that mechanical and social effects may occur even without other problems related to ankyloglossia, such as speech and feeding difficulties. Also, mechanical and social effects may not arise until later in childhood, as younger children may be unable to recognize or report the effects. In addition, some problems, such as kissing, may not come about until later in life.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Ankyloglossia most often prohibits the tongue from resting in its ideal posture, at the roof of the mouth. When the tongue rests at the roof of the mouth, it enables nasal breathing. A seemingly unrelated consequence of ankyloglossia is chronic mouth breathing. Mouth breathing is correlated with other health issues such as enlarged tonsils and adenoids, chronic ear infections, and sleep-disordered breathing.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Ankyloglossia is correlated to grinding teeth (bruxism) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. When the tongue normally rests at the roof of the mouth, it leads to the development of an ideal "U"-shaped palate. Ankyloglossia often causes a narrow, "V"-shaped palate to develop, which crowds teeth and increases the potential need for braces and possibly jaw surgery.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: The lingual frenulum under the tongue is part of the body's larger fascia network. When the tongue is restricted by an overly tight frenulum, the tightness can travel to other nearby parts of the body such as the neck causing muscle tightness and poor posture. The tongue being restricted can force other muscles in the neck and jaw to compensate causing muscle soreness.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: According to Horton "et al.", diagnosis of ankyloglossia may be difficult; it is not always apparent by looking at the underside of the tongue, but is often dependent on the range of movement permitted by the genioglossus muscles. For infants, passively elevating the tongue tip with a tongue depressor may reveal the problem. For older children, making the tongue move to its maximum range will demonstrate the tongue tip restriction. In addition, palpation of genioglossus on the underside of the tongue will aid in confirming the diagnosis.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Some signs of ankyloglossia can be difficulty speaking, difficulty eating, ongoing dental issues, jaw pain, or migraines.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: A severity scale for ankyloglossia, which grades the appearance and function of the tongue, is recommended for use in the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: There are varying types of intervention for ankyloglossia. Intervention for ankyloglossia does sometimes include surgery in the form of frenotomy (also called a frenectomy or frenulectomy) or frenuloplasty. This relatively common dental procedure may be done with soft-tissue lasers, such as the CO laser.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: A frenotomy can be performed as a standalone procedure or as part of another surgery. The procedure is typically quick and is performed under local anesthesia. First, the area under the tongue is numbed with an injection. Once the patient is numb, a small incision is made in the tissue and the tongue is freed from its tether. The incision is then closed with dissolvable sutures. Recovery from a frenotomy is typically quick and most patients experience little to no pain or discomfort.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: According to Lalakea and Messner, surgery can be considered for patients of any age with a tight frenulum, as well as a history of speech, feeding, or mechanical/social difficulties. Adults with ankyloglossia may elect the procedure. Some of those who have done so report post-operative pain.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: Horton "et al.," have a classical belief that people with ankyloglossia can compensate in their speech for a limited tongue range of motion. For example, if the tip of the tongue is restricted for making sounds such as , the tongue can compensate through dentalization; this is when the tongue tip moves forward and up. When producing , the elevation of the mandible can compensate for restriction of tongue movement. Also, compensations can be made for and by using the dorsum of the tongue for contact against the palate rugae. Thus, Horton "et al." proposed compensatory strategies as a way to counteract the adverse effects of ankyloglossia and did not promote surgery. Non-surgical treatments for ankyloglossia are typically performed by Orofacial Myology specialists, and involve using exercises to strengthen and improve the function of the facial muscles and thus promote the proper function of the face, mouth, and tongue.


title: Ankyloglossia

text: An alternative to surgery for children with ankyloglossia is to take a wait-and-see approach, which is more common if there are no impacts on feeding. Ruffoli "et al." report that the frenulum naturally recedes during the process of a child's growth between six months and six years of age.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The initial design development for the PowerTech V6 and V8 engine family was done by American Motors Corporation (AMC) and debuted in 1998 with credit to Chrysler. This was the first new V8 engine for Chrysler since the 1960s. The companion V6 was basically the V8 with two fewer cylinders, another concept that originated at AMC before the company joined Chrysler. These new engines had nothing in common with the Chrysler A engine V8s, nor the Jeep 4.0 L "PowerTech" I6 engine.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: A 4.7 L V8 came first, available in the Jeep Grand Cherokee, and a 3.7 L V6 version debuted in 2002 for the Jeep Liberty. The PowerTech V6 and V8 were direct replacements for Chrysler's "LA" family in the early 2000s, and were also used in the Dodge Ram and started in the 2000 Dodge Durango. They were not used in any cars, but were reserved for truck and SUV use. They are also known as Next Generation Magnum in Dodge applications.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The PowerTech V6 and V8 engines were produced at the Mack Avenue Engine Complex in Detroit, Michigan. E85 compatible versions of some PowerTech engines were developed and used in numerous Chrysler vehicles. On April 9, 2013, the last 4.7 L engine was built; ending 15 years of production with over 3 million units built.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The 4.7-liter version was the first of this family, appearing in the 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The displacement is with a bore and a stroke of . It has a cast iron block and aluminum heads with two valves per cylinder. It uses chain-driven Single overhead camshafts, one in each head. It originally produced and of torque. The 4.7 L V8 is available with four speed and five speed automatic transmissions and a 5 speed manual transmission.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: A "High-Output" version of the 4.7 L PowerTech engine, producing and of torque, was introduced in 2002, first appearing in the Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited as an option and in the Jeep Grand Cherokee Overland as standard equipment.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: This engine was discontinued after the 2008 model year, though the non high output 4.7L V8 engine continued to be available in all vehicles.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The 2008 Dodge Dakota and Ram pickup trucks, Dodge Durango and Chrysler Aspen SUV's, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and Jeep Commander came with a Corsair version of the FFV 4.7 L engine, with dual spark plugs per cylinder, a new slant / squish combustion system design, and 9.8:1 compression, raising power to and of torque.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The 2008 4.7 also features other upgrades including a more aggressive camshaft profile, a throttle body, and an improved intake manifold with shorter runners. See Allpar's page on the latest 4.7 L.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The EKG is a 3.7 L V6 version built in Detroit, Michigan. It displaces . The bore and stroke measure . It is a 90° V engine like the V8, with SOHC 2-valve heads. It utilizes a counter-rotating balance shaft mounted between the cylinder banks to deal with vibration problems of the 90-degree V6 design, as well as use a 30-degree split pin crankshaft to fire the cylinders every 120 degrees. Output is at 5200 rpm with of torque at 4000 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum SOHC cylinder heads. It uses Sequential fuel injection, has roller followers, and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and an assembled reinforced plastic intake manifold.


title: Chrysler PowerTech engine

text: The Chrysler 3.7 PowerTech engine used in the 2007 - 2012 Jeep Liberty KK used a wasted spark ignition system that uses one ignition coil to fire two cylinders.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: Kate O'Flynn is a British actress. She is known for her performance in National Theatre's production of "Port" for which she received a Critics' Circle Theatre Award in 2013, as well as starring roles in plays "A Taste of Honey" in 2014, and "The Glass Menagerie" for which she was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2017.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: On screen, she has appearances in the films "Up There" (2011) and "Mr. Turner" (2014), and television series "Landscapers" (2021) and "Death in Paradise" (2022).


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: O'Flynn attended Manchester's Royal Exchange youth theatre as a teenager, before training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA).


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: O'Flynn's first professional role was in Mike Leigh's 2008 film "Happy-Go-Lucky". Later that year, her performance in "The Children's Hour" with the Royal Exchange Theatre Company won her the 2008 TMA Theatre Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Play.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: In 2009, O'Flynn appeared with Russell Tovey at London's Royal Court Theatre in Molly Davies' "A Miracle". Michael Billington gave the play 3 stars out of five in his review for British newspaper "The Guardian", finding that "Kate O'Flynn's Amy is a model of gawky despair" but concluding that the cast "fill out a play that provides plenty of evidence of youthful talent but that also leaves you wanting more". In the "Evening Standard", Nicholas de Jongh praised O'Flynn's "beautiful rendering of passivity, selfishness and vulnerability", while "The Daily Telegraph"'s Charles Spencer wrote, "Kate O'Flynn brings an astonishingly raw vulnerability to the stage as Amy, the tears streaming down her face as she describes how impossible she finds it to love and nurture her child".


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: O'Flynn appeared as Elizabeth Gough in the 2011 television film "The Suspicions of Mr Whicher", and played the role of Beryl in BBC Four's BAFTA Award-winning television adaptation "Room at the Top", based on John Braine's novel of the same name, the following year. Also in 2012, she appeared as Liz in the British feature film comedy "Up There", which was the winner of the Best Feature Film award at the 2012 British Academy Scotland Awards and was broadcast on BBC Two in August 2015.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: In 2013, she performed at the National Theatre in its production of Simon Stephens' "Port". Writing in "The Guardian", Maddy Costa noted: "As Rachael […], she grew from a mouthy 11-year-old to a downtrodden but resilient 24-year-old – and in the process transformed from a relative unknown to a star in the making". Her performance won her the Critics' Circle's Jack Tinker Award for Most Promising Newcomer (other than a playwright). She returned to the National Theatre, playing Jo in its 2014 production of Shelagh Delaney's "A Taste of Honey".


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: She appeared in the 2014 film "Mr. Turner" and in 2015 O'Flynn played the part of Dr Peep in police comedy drama "No Offence". She reprised her role in series 2.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: In 2016, O'Flynn played Myrtle in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom "Dot" set in the Cabinet War Rooms. In the same year, she also played Lady Alexandrina De Courcy in the ITV costume drama "Doctor Thorne", based on Anthony Trollope's novel of the same name. O'Flynn played Alice Peabody, the new boss at Hard News in "Bridget Jones' Baby".


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: Also in 2016, O'Flynn appeared in the BBC series "Father Brown" episode 5 and 6 "The Eagle and the Daw" as Katherine Corven. She reprised the character in the 2017 episode 6.2 "The Jackdaw's Revenge".


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: O'Flynn represented Victoria Woodcock in the 2019 television drama "" (2019) written by James Graham. In 2021, O'Flynn appeared in the miniseries "Landscapers" as DC Emma Lancing. In 2022, O'Flynn appeared in "Death in Paradise" as DI Neville Parker's sister Izzy.


title: Kate O'Flynn

text: O'Flynn's "The House of Special Purpose" (2009) co-star, Jonathan Bailey, calls her his "all-time bezzie" and together has hiked the Everest base camp in Nepal in 2018.


title: One-act play

text: A one-act play is a play that has only one act, as distinct from plays that occur over several acts. One-act plays may consist of one or more scenes. The 20-40 minute play has emerged as a popular subgenre of the one-act play, especially in writing competitions. One act plays make up the overwhelming majority of Fringe Festival shows including at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.


title: One-act play

text: The origin of the one-act play may be traced to the very beginning of recorded Western drama: in ancient Greece, "Cyclops", a satyr play by Euripides, is an early example. The satyr play was a farcical short work that came after a trilogy of multi-act serious drama plays. A few notable examples of one act plays emerged before the 19th century including various versions of the Everyman play and works by Moliere and Calderon. One act plays became more common in the 19th century and are now a standard part of repertory theatre and fringe festivals.


title: Blue Poles

text: Blue Poles, also known as Number 11, 1952 is an abstract expressionist painting by American artist Jackson Pollock. It was purchased amid controversy by the National Gallery of Australia in 1973 and today remains one of the gallery's major paintings.


title: Blue Poles

text: At the time of the painting's creation, Pollock preferred not to assign names to his works, but rather numbers; hence, the original title of the painting was simply "Number 11" or "No. 11" for the year 1952. In 1954, the new title "Blue Poles" was first seen at an exhibition at the Sidney Janis Gallery; it reportedly originated from Pollock himself.


title: Blue Poles

text: According to art historian Dennis Phillips, the specific rather than ambiguous title "limits our field of comprehension and does the painting a singular disservice. Because we look for the poles and miss much of the rest, the name is simply too distracting."


title: Blue Poles

text: They purchased it for $6000, the highest price paid for a Pollock at that time. It hung in their New York apartment.


title: Blue Poles

text: Renowned art collector and supporter Ben Heller acquired the painting in 1957 a year after Jackson Pollock died for a reported $32,000. Heller was friends with Pollock and patronized him and many other American artists during his lifetime.


title: Blue Poles

text: "Blue Poles" hung in the living room of Heller's 10th floor New York apartment on Central Park West. During this time he frequently had guests view the art and loaned it to various museums for additional viewing. The painting was so large that it required the removal of apartment windows to lower it onto the street below, a feat accomplished with the support of the "Seven Santini Brothers" moving team. The Heller family had a special relationship with the artwork and it was difficult to see it go.


title: Blue Poles

text: According to Heller's daughter, "He was very involved with this art movement from its early years, and there was a struggle among these American artists to gain recognition. Even in America, the European painters were getting all the attention and prestige. So, he worked very hard with the dealers and the painters and the museums to try to establish Abstract Expressionism as an important movement. It was very, very important to him that these major works land in major museums." This desire to have the work shared was one of the contributing factors to the sale of "Blue Poles" to the National Gallery of Australia in 1973.


title: Blue Poles

text: The National Gallery of Australia (NGA) purchased "Blue Poles" in 1973 for . The gallery's director at the time, James Mollison, was not able to authorize purchases over $1 million, so the acquisition was approved by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam who decided that the price should be made public.


title: Blue Poles

text: The purchase elicited a great deal of public discussion; according to art historian Patrick McCaughey, "never had such a picture moved and disturbed the Australian public". The debate centred on the painting's record selling price, at the time a world record for a contemporary American painting, as well as the perceived financial ineptitude of Whitlam's Labor Party government and debate over the relative value of abstract art. In the conservative climate of the time, the purchase created a political and media scandal.


title: Blue Poles

text: In 1998, "Blue Poles" left Australia for the first time since its purchase for inclusion in a Pollock retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York which ran from 1 November 1998 to 2 February 1999. The painting was the signature work of the exhibition, and as described in a review, it "dominated" the last gallery of the show, ending it "not with a whimper, but a bang".


title: Blue Poles

text: While rarely loaned, the work was displayed as part of the Royal Academy's Abstract Expressionism exhibition from 24 September 2016 to 2 January 2017 in London, before returning to the NGA and being rehung in level 2.


title: Blue Poles

text: As a result of the gallery's temporary closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it became possible to undertake an extensive conservation project of "Blue Poles," a work that has rarely been off display since its purchase in 1973.


title: Blue Poles

text: The painting has become one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery, for both its value as a major work of 1950s abstract expressionism, and its significance in Australian politics and history. Estimates of the painting's present value vary widely, from $100 million to $350 million, but its increased value has at least shown it to have been a worthwhile purchase from a financial point of view.


title: Base32

text: Base32 is the base-32 numeral system. It uses a set of 32 digits, each of which can be represented by 5 bits (2). One way to represent Base32 numbers in a human-readable way is by using a standard 32-character set, such as the twenty-two upper-case letters A–V and the digits 0-9. However, many other variations are used in different contexts.


title: Base32

text: The rest of this article discusses the use of Base32 for representing byte strings, not unsigned integer numbers, similar to the way Base64 works.


title: Base32

text: This is an example of a Base32 representation using the previously described 32-character set (IPFS CIDv1 in Base32 upper-case encoding):


title: Base32

text: Base32 representation takes roughly 20% more space than Base64. Also, because it encodes 5 bytes to 8 characters (rather than 3 bytes to 4 characters), padding to an 8-character boundary is a greater burden on short messages (which may be a reason to elide padding, which is an option in ).


title: Base32

text: The most widely used Base32 alphabet is defined in . It uses an alphabet of A–Z, followed by 2–7. The digits 0, 1 and 8 are skipped due to their similarity with the letters O, I and B (thus "2" has a decimal value of 26).


title: Base32

text: In some circumstances padding is not required or used (the padding can be inferred from the length of the string modulo 8). RFC 4648 states that padding must be used unless the specification of the standard referring to the RFC explicitly states otherwise. Excluding padding is useful when using base32 encoded data in URL tokens or file names where the padding character could pose a problem.


title: Base32

text: Changing the Base32 alphabet, all alternative standards have similar combinations of alphanumeric symbols.


title: Base32

text: z-base-32 is a Base32 encoding designed by Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn to be easier for human use and more compact. It includes 1, 8 and 9 but excludes l, v and 2. It also permutes the alphabet so that the easier characters are the ones that occur more frequently. It compactly encodes bitstrings whose length in bits is not a multiple of 8 and omits trailing padding characters. z-base-32 was used in the Mnet open source project, and is currently used in Phil Zimmermann's ZRTP protocol, and in the Tahoe-LAFS open source project.


title: Base32

text: Another alternative design for Base32 is created by Douglas Crockford, who proposes using additional characters for a mod-37 checksum. It excludes the letters I, L, and O to avoid confusion with digits. It also excludes the letter U to reduce the likelihood of accidental obscenity.


title: Base32

text: An earlier form of base 32 notation was used by programmers working on the Electrologica X1 to represent machine addresses. The "digits" were represented as decimal numbers from 0 to 31. For example, 12-16 would represent the machine address "400" (= 12*32 + 16).


title: Base32

text: Triacontakaidecimal is another alternative design for Base 32, which extends hexadecimal in a more natural way and was first proposed by Christian Lanctot, a programmer working at Sage software, in a letter to "Dr. Dobb's" magazine in March 1999 as a proposed solution for solving the Y2K bug and referred to as "Double Hex". This version was described in under the name "Base-32". RFC 4648, while acknowledging existing use of this version in NSEC3, refers to it as base32hex and discourages labelling it as "base32".


title: Base32

text: Similarly to hexadecimal, the digits used are 0-9 followed by consecutive letters of the alphabet. This matches the digits used by the JavaScript codice_1 function and the Python codice_2 constructor when a base larger than 10 (such as 16 or 32) is specified. It also retains hexadecimal's property of preserving bitwise sort order of the represented data, unlike RFC 4648's base-32 or base-64.


title: Base32

text: Unlike many other base 32 notation systems, triacontakaidecimal is contiguous and includes characters that may visually conflict. With the right font it is possible to visually distinguish between 0, O and 1, I. Other fonts are unsuitable because the context that English usually provides is not provided by a notation system that is expressing numbers. However, the choice of font is not controlled by notation or encoding which is why it's risky to assume a distinguishable font will be used.


title: Base32

text: See Geohash algorithm, used to represent latitude and longitude values in one (bit-interlaced) positive integer. The base32 representation of Geohash uses all decimal digits (0–9) and almost all of the lower case alphabet, except letters "a", "i", "l", "o", as shown by the following character map:


title: Base32

text: Before NVRAM became universal, several video games for Nintendo platforms used base 31 numbers for passwords.


title: Base32

text: These systems omit vowels (except Y) to prevent the game from accidentally giving a profane password.


title: Base32

text: Thus, the characters are generally some minor variation of the following set: 0–9, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z, and some punctuation marks.


title: Base32

text: Games known to use such a system include "Mario Is Missing!", "Mario's Time Machine", "Tetris Blast", and "The Lord of the Rings" (Super NES).


title: Base32

text: The word-safe Base32 alphabet is an extension of the Open Location Code Base20 alphabet. That alphabet uses 8 numeric digits and 12 case-sensitive letter digits chosen to avoid accidentally forming words. Treating the alphabet as case-sensitive produces a 32 (8+12+12) digit set.


title: Base32

text: Base32 is a notation for encoding arbitrary byte data using a restricted set of symbols that can be conveniently used by humans and processed by computers.


title: Base32

text: Base32 consists of a symbol set made up of 32 different characters, as well as an algorithm for encoding arbitrary sequences of 8-bit bytes into the Base32 alphabet. Because more than one 5-bit Base32 symbol is needed to represent each 8-bit input byte, it also specifies requirements on the allowed lengths of Base32 strings (which must be multiples of 40 bits). The closely related Base64 system, in contrast, uses a set of 64 symbols.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: NXT TakeOver: Portland was the 28th NXT TakeOver professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network and took place on February 16, 2020, at the Moda Center in Portland, Oregon. It was also the first NXT TakeOver to be held on a Sunday.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: This would be the last TakeOver event to take place before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began affecting all of WWE's programming in mid-March with NXT's following episodes and events taking place in Florida as a result of the pandemic. It would subsequently be the final TakeOver to be held outside of Florida as the TakeOver series was discontinued in September 2021. It was also the final NXT event to take place outside of Florida until the brand's 2022 WrestleMania week event, Stand & Deliver. Additionally, this was the last standalone NXT livestreaming event to take place outside of Florida until the 2023 Vengeance Day.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: Six matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Adam Cole defeated Tommaso Ciampa to retain the NXT Championship. In the penultimate match, Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic winners The BroserWeights (Matt Riddle and Pete Dunne) defeated The Undisputed Era (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) to win the NXT Tag Team Championship. In other prominent matches, Rhea Ripley retained the NXT Women's Championship against Bianca Belair, Keith Lee defeated Dominik Dijakovic to retain the NXT North American Championship, and in the opening bout, Finn Bálor defeated Johnny Gargano.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: TakeOver was a series of professional wrestling shows that began in May 2014, as WWE's NXT brand held their second WWE Network-exclusive event, billed as TakeOver. In subsequent months, the "TakeOver" moniker became the brand used by WWE for all of their NXT live specials. TakeOver: Portland was scheduled as the 28th NXT TakeOver event and the first to be held on a Sunday—TakeOver events prior were all held on Saturdays. The event was held on February 16, 2020, at the Moda Center and was named after the venue's city of Portland, Oregon.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: The card will include matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters to build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by WWE's writers on the NXT brand, while storylines are produced on their weekly television program, "NXT".


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: On the January 15 episode of "NXT", Bianca Belair won a women's battle royal to earn a NXT Women's Championship match against Rhea Ripley at TakeOver: Portland.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: On the December 18, 2019 episode of "NXT", it was announced that there would be a Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic. The tournament began on the January 8 episode of "NXT". At Worlds Collide, it was revealed that the winner of the tournament would receive a NXT Tag Team Championship match at Takeover: Portland. The finals of the tournament took place on the January 29 episode of "NXT" which saw The BroserWeights (Matt Riddle and Pete Dunne) defeat Grizzled Young Veterans (James Drake and Zack Gibson) to earn a title match against The Undisputed Era (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) for the titles.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: During the women's WarGames match at , Dakota Kai attacked her teammate Tegan Nox as Kai was coming out of her cage, thus turning heel. As a result, Kai was dismissed while Nox was ruled unable to compete. On the January 15 episode of "NXT", Kai would eliminate Nox (who returned after a short hiatus due to a storyline injury) during the women's battle royal. Due to the animosity between Kai and Nox, the two faced other in a match on January 29 episode of "NXT", which Nox won after attacking Kai with her knee brace. Later, a rematch between the two was scheduled and made as a street fight at TakeOver: Portland.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: The event began with Keith Lee defending his NXT North American Championship against Dominik Dijakovic. The match began hot when Lee performed a hurricanrana on Dijakovic to a massive ovation. The match became a hard-hitting affair from then on. Lee would later perform three Grizzly Magnums to Dijakovic on the outside that were heard all across the arena. Dijakovic would bounce back by performing a Superkick and a Springboard Swanton Bomb on Lee on the outside. After trading some near-finishers, Lee would hit a Spirit Bomb only for Dijakovic to land on his feet. Lee would then hit another Spirit Bomb for a close nearfall. Dijakovic would go on to perform a massive Super Spanish Fly for nearfall. Dijakovic would try to go for Feast Your Eyes, but his back gave out, allowing Lee to perform a Big Bang Catastrophe on Dijakovic to retain the title. After the match, the two showed their respect for each other.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: The next match was the street fight between Tegan Nox and Dakota Kai. The two had used different weapons all throughout the match like chairs, trash cans, a laptop, and a cricket bat. In the end, Nox had given Kai a Shiniest Wizard, but she wasn't done yet. Nox had Kai propped up on a table with a chair wrapped around Kai's neck. Suddenly, Raquel Gonzalez made her first appearance in WWE since the Mae Young Classic, and slammed Nox through the table, allowing Kai to pin Nox for the win.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: Following this was the match between Johnny Gargano and Finn Bálor. During the match, Gargano attacked Balor and landed a Slingshot Spear for a nearfall. Meanwhile, Gargano attempted a Slingshot DDT, then Balor got away and landed a knee. In the end, after Gargano hit a shotgun dropkick to Balor into the barricade, Balor recuperated and gave Gargano a shotgun dropkick of his own. Balor then followed this up with a Coup de Grace and a 1916 for the victory.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: Then came the match for the NXT Women's Championship that pitted defending champion, Rhea Ripley, against the challenger, Bianca Belair. In the end, Ripley hit Belair with the Riptide to retain. Suddenly, Charlotte Flair, the 2020 Women's Royal Rumble winner, attacked Ripley and Belair, accepting Ripley's challenge for an NXT Women's Championship match at WrestleMania 36.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: The penultimate match was The Undisputed Era (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) against the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic winners, The BroserWeights (Matt Riddle and Pete Dunne), for the NXT Tag Team Championship. This match was filled with many high-risk spots and physical double-team action. Near the end, Riddle ran in and accidentally gave Dunne a spear. O’Reilly and Fish then capitalized by hitting Dunne with Chasing the Dragon for a dramatic nearfall. Dunne fought out of High Low and tagged Riddle in. Riddle tossed O’Reilly into Dunne's Enzuigiri to give Riddle and Dunne the victory and the titles.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: The main event was the long-anticipated NXT Championship match between Adam Cole and Tommaso Ciampa. Not long into the match, Cole performed a Wheelbarrow suplex on Ciampa to the broadcast table neck-first. Eventually, Ciampa countered an elevated Panama Sunrise and hit a top-rope Air Raid Crash on Cole for a nearfall. Ciampa then gave Cole two powerbombs onto the Spanish announce table. Following a superkick by Cole and a massive lariat by Ciampa, Ciampa hit Project Ciampa on Cole for another nearfall. Cole later went for a suicide dive, but Ciampa caught him with a rocket launcher toss. Cole then hit a Draping Piledriver and a Kneecap Brainbuster for a nearfall. Cole then hit The Last Shot, but Ciampa rolled out before he could make the cover. Ciampa then gave Cole another Air Raid Crash onto the ring apron, but Cole followed up with the Panama Sunrise onto the floor. As Cole was getting back into the ring, Ciampa surprised him with a Willow's Bell and then hit the Fairytale Ending for a jaw-dropping nearfall. Soon after, the rest of the Undisputed Era interfered, but Ciampa took out every member with a slingshot corkscrew plancha and fought them off. Cole, however, delivered three superkicks and a second Last Shot for a dramatic nearfall. Cole then shoved Ciampa into the referee and hit a low blow on Ciampa, but Ciampa bounced back with a low blow of his own and hit a Fairytale Ending, but there was no referee to count the pinfall. Suddenly, Johnny Gargano came back and told Ciampa to use the NXT Championship as a weapon, only for Gargano to pull it away. After a few seconds, Gargano swung around and struck Ciampa in the head with the title, turning heel to the shock of everyone in the audience. Cole then covered the unconscious Ciampa to win the match and retain the title.


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, WWE moved many of their upcoming shows for Raw and SmackDown, including WrestleMania 36, to the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida with no fans in attendance. NXT's events were exclusively held at their home base of Full Sail University in Winter Park, Florida. This change began with the March 13 episodes of "SmackDown" and "205 Live". The WWE Hall of Fame Ceremony was also postponed. NXT's next event, , had also been postponed, but was eventually canceled; matches scheduled and planned for the event were moved to episodes of "NXT", beginning April 1. From March 21–26, WWE pre-taped several episodes of their weekly programs for future broadcasts, including WrestleMania (which was taped on March 25 and 26 and then airing on April 4 and 5).


title: NXT TakeOver: Portland

text: In August, Raw and SmackDown's shows were moved to a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome, while in October, NXT's events were moved to the Performance Center where its main arena was reconfigured as the Capitol Wrestling Center, which was similar to the ThunderDome. In July 2021, WWE resumed live touring for Raw and SmackDown, but NXT remained at the Performance Center, although with COVID restrictions lifted and full crowds in attendance (in September, the TakeOver series was discontinued and the "Capitol Wrestling Center" name was dropped, with further events billed from the WWE Performance Center). NXT's WrestleMania week event, Stand & Deliver in 2022, would be NXT's first major event held outside of Florida since TakeOver: Portland, while the 2023 Vengeance Day would be the brand's first standalone livestreaming event to be held outside of Florida since TakeOver: Portland.


title: Dick Enthoven

text: Richard Enthoven (1937 – 2 December 2022) was a South African billionaire businessman who was the owner of the casual dining chain Nando's, the Hollard Group of insurance companies, and Spier Wine Farm.


title: Dick Enthoven

text: Richard Enthoven was the son of Robert Enthoven, a South African entrepreneur who "amassed an insurance fortune", with his company Robert Enthoven Insurance Brokers.


title: Dick Enthoven

text: The Enthoven family owns Nando's casual dining chain, Spier Wine Farm and the Hollard Group of insurance companies. The family has a material ownership stake in the Telesure Group.


title: Dick Enthoven

text: Enthoven had three children; Robby, Adrian, and Mariota. Robby Enthoven heads the UK operations for Nando’s. Adrian Enthoven was educated at Oxford University and is now chairman of Hollard Group. Mariota Enthoven is married to Angus McIntosh and they run the Spier Biodynamic Farm.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Justin Lee Tuck (born March 29, 1983) is a former American football defensive end. He played college football at Notre Dame, and was drafted by the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft, winning two Super Bowl titles with the team, both against the New England Patriots. He also played for the Oakland Raiders. Tuck graduated from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business with an MBA in 2018. He is now an employee of Goldman Sachs.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck played high school football in Alabama at Central Coosa County. Growing up, Tuck's favorite sport was basketball. Although he began playing football in the seventh grade, Justin only began to take it seriously in his freshman year of high school where he originally started out as a quarterback before changing positions to tight end and defensive end. His accolades include earning Alabama Class 4A Player of the Year as a senior in 2000, as well as lettering in football at both linebacker and tight end. For his career at Central-Coosa, Tuck recorded 492 tackles with 37 sacks, 26 forced fumbles, and 17 fumble recoveries. As a tight end, Tuck had 115 catches for 2,106 yards and 17 touchdowns. Subsequently, Tuck also won two state championships as a member of the high school basketball team.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Notre Dame, where he played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team from 2001 to 2004. After redshirting his 2001 freshman year, Tuck played sparingly in his sophomore season. Playing only 180 minutes for the season, Tuck recorded his first collegiate sack against Michigan State. Despite his limited playing time and one start against Rutgers, Tuck was named a third-team freshman All-American by "The Sporting News". Tuck increased his production in his final two seasons at Notre Dame. In 2003, he finished the season with 13.5 sacks before suffering a knee injury against Syracuse. Tuck frequently encountered double-team coverage in 2004. Despite a lingering knee problem from the previous season and not playing in Notre Dame's Insight.com Bowl loss to Oregon State, Tuck still finished the season with 47 tackles, six sacks and 14 stops for losses.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Nicknamed "The Freak" by his teammates for his raw athleticism, Tuck holds several defensive records at Notre Dame. Topping the previous record mark of 22.5 sacks by Kory Minor, Tuck finished his collegiate career with 24.5 sacks. His career 43 tackles for loss and 13.5 sacks in a single season are also school records. He graduated from Notre Dame in May 2005 with a degree in management from the Mendoza College of Business.


title: Justin Tuck

text: In the run-up to the 2005 NFL Draft, Tuck also recorded a wind-aided 4.56 in the 40-yard dash as well as a 380-pound bench press, 560-pound squat, and a 336-pound power clean. Pre-draft reports contended that the knee injury would keep teams from taking Tuck in the first round. He was known as "terrific athlete who is a disruptive force up the field. Breaks down well playing with leverage, rarely off his feet and tough to move from his angle of attack," and "an extremely quick and agile player who possesses very good strength for a player of his size."


title: Justin Tuck

text: Although projected to be a mid-first round pick in the 2005 NFL Draft, Tuck was selected in the third round, 74th overall, by the New York Giants. On July 29, 2005, Tuck signed a four-year $2.36 million contract with the Giants, which included a $737,000 signing bonus.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck's rookie season in the NFL found him behind Pro Bowl defensive ends Michael Strahan and Osi Umenyiora on the New York Giants depth chart, reducing his role to special teams and the first backup at each defensive end position. In total, Tuck played in 14 regular season games with one start and the . His first career sack came against the Giants' NFC East rival, the Dallas Cowboys, in Week 13.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck finished his rookie season with 33 total tackles, one sack, two passes defended, one forced fumble, and 18 special teams tackles.


title: Justin Tuck

text: During his sophomore season in 2006, Tuck was limited to just six games due to an injury suffered on October 23, 2006, in a New York Giants "Monday Night Football" victory over the Dallas Cowboys. On November 17, Tuck underwent successful surgery to repair a Lisfranc injury. The procedure included inserting screws into Tuck's foot. For the 2006 season, Tuck recorded two solo tackles in six games.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Despite starting only two games in the 2007 season, Tuck enjoyed his best season to that point, recording 65 tackles, 10 sacks, and two forced fumbles during the regular season. During the season, Tuck spelled both Michael Strahan and Osi Umenyiora at defensive end and on likely passing downs he teamed with Mathias Kiwanuka at defensive tackle (with Strahan and Umenyiora at end) to form a four defensive end pass rush, a scheme defensive coordinator Steve Spagnuolo employed to pressure opponent quarterbacks. On January 18, 2008, Tuck signed a contract extension from the Giants. The five-year, $30 million deal, $16 million of which was guaranteed, included a $9 million signing bonus.


title: Justin Tuck

text: In front of a record-setting American television audience, Tuck had a spectacular game in Super Bowl XLII by repeatedly pressuring New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and recording two sacks and a forced fumble. According to Tuck, he and Brady exchanged playful trash talk during especially physical plays. Due to the game's low score, opinions were heavily waged that Tuck was more deserving of the MVP award than quarterback Eli Manning.


title: Justin Tuck

text: On March 31, 2008, Tuck reported to voluntary off-season conditioning programs administered by the Giants. Prior to the start of Giants mini-camp in May, Tuck and the Giants were invited by President Bush to the White House to honor their victory in Super Bowl XLII. Tuck also took up boxing to improve his hand-eye coordination.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Due to Michael Strahan's retirement, Tuck was promoted to starting defensive end. When asked about the pressure of replacing Strahan, Tuck replied "Pressure? No, I'm smart enough to realize there's only one Strahan and there will always only be one Strahan. I'm not trying to replace Michael Strahan. I'm just trying to fill in and do my best to help this football team win. I'm not pinning that pressure on my back, as far as going out there and getting 22 sacks in a season." But Tuck started his 2008 campaign in Michael Strahan-like fashion by sacking Washington Redskins quarterback Jason Campbell in the first play of the season opener. The Giants went on to defeat their division rivals the Washington Redskins 16–7. Tuck followed his exceptional performance in week one with an outstanding performance against the St. Louis Rams. Tuck finished the game with 2.0 sacks and an interception return for a touchdown in a Giants victory in week two. The interception and touchdown marked the first of Tuck's professional career. The touchdown was his first since his junior season at Notre Dame.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck totaled 66 tackles, 12 sacks, three forced fumbles, two passes deflected, and one interception. Tuck's stellar play in the 2008 season earned him a trip to the Pro Bowl as one of the NFC's starting defensive ends. He was also voted All-Pro for the first time in his career.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck and the Giants entered the 2009 season as one of the favorites for the NFC to go the Super Bowl. With the return of teammate Osi Umenyiora, Tuck hoped to see fewer double teams than he did during the end of the 2008 season.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck played very well in the season opener against the Washington Redskins on September 13, 2009. Tuck recorded two tackles for a loss, 1.5 sacks, and a pass deflection, helping the Giants win by a score of 23–17. After the game, Tuck was named NFC Defensive Player of the Week. Tuck sustained an injured left shoulder when he was tripped by a Cowboys' lineman Flozell Adams in September, which affected his play for the rest of the 2009 season. He ended the season with 60 tackles, six sacks, six forced fumbles, and eight pass deflections.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck continued to perform at a high level throughout the 2010 season and, along with Osi Umenyiora, proved why New York's pair of defensive ends were among the most feared in the league.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck recorded career highs with 76 total tackles and six forced fumbles. In addition, he finished the season with 11.5 sacks, a half a sack shy of tying his career best 12 sacks from 2008. Tuck's greatest individual efforts came in games against the Chicago Bears and the Philadelphia Eagles. In Week 4, against Chicago, Tuck accounted for three of the defense's 10 total sacks, and had a forced fumble in a game the Giants won 17–3. In Week 15, against Philadelphia, Tuck had 1.5 sacks in a losing effort to the Eagles.


title: Justin Tuck

text: The Giants finished with a 10–6 record and missed the playoffs after losses to the Eagles, who won the NFC East, as well as the eventual Super Bowl Champion Green Bay Packers. He was named to the Pro Bowl. Tuck was ranked 60th by his fellow players in the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck battled injuries in the 2011 season. He started in 11 games. He had 26 tackles and five sacks in the regular season. However, in the postseason he played in all four of the Giants games and had 3.5 sacks, two of which came in Super Bowl XLVI. The Giants went on to win Super Bowl XLVI over the New England Patriots. It was Tuck's second Super Bowl ring in five years. Many believed that Tuck was a primary candidate for Super Bowl MVP because of his performance in the game, but quarterback Eli Manning won the MVP just like in Super Bowl XLII. After the game, Tuck joked that Manning "stole my MVP again." Also, Tuck’s multi-sack Super Bowl performance made him the first to ever have multiple multi-sack performances in the Super Bowl. He was ranked 62nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.


title: Justin Tuck

text: In the 2012 season, Tuck appeared in 15 games, of which he started 14. He finished with four sacks, 45 total tackles, and one pass defensed.


title: Justin Tuck

text: In Week 13, Tuck earned NFC Defensive Player of the Week for his game against Washington. He had four sacks in the 24–17 victory. In the 2013 season, Tuck appeared in 16 games, of which he started 15. He finished with 11 sacks, 63 total tackles, one interception, three passes defensed, and two forced fumbles.


title: Justin Tuck

text: On March 13, 2014, Tuck signed a two-year, $11 million contract with the Oakland Raiders. Tuck said he signed the deal because the deal that the New York Giants offered was "disrespectful." Tuck played in 15 games and recorded five sacks, 43 total tackles, one interceptions, three passes defensed, and two forced fumbles in the 2014 season.


title: Justin Tuck

text: On October 15, 2015, Tuck was placed on the team's injured reserve due to a chest injury. He played in five games and recorded one sack, 14 total tackles, and three passes defensed in the 2015 season.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck announced his retirement from professional football on February 1, 2016, after 11 seasons. On May 6, 2016, Tuck signed a one-day contract with New York to retire as a Giant.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck is married to Lauran Williamson, who is from Bucks County, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business in 2005. She played the defensive back position in women's intramural football and wrote for the student newspaper. She began dating Tuck during his junior year.


title: Justin Tuck

text: In 1973, Jimmy Lee Tuck, Justin's father, built - by hand - the home that has housed his wife and eight children.


title: Justin Tuck

text: During his childhood, Justin was nicknamed "He-Man" due to his large stature. He would run through his home yelling catchphrases from Masters of the Universe such as "By the power of Grayskull!" or "I have the power!". During his youth, Tuck frequently attended Elam II Missionary Baptist Church in his native Kellyton, resulting in Justin becoming the congregation's youngest Sunday School instructor. Justin is cousins with current Los Angeles Rams middle linebacker Bobby Wagner, as well as Adalius Thomas, former Baltimore Ravens and New England Patriots linebacker.


title: Justin Tuck

text: After the Giants won Super Bowl XLII, Tuck achieved a new level of celebrity in his native Alabama. "It was interesting when I went home (to Alabama)," Tuck said. "You couldn't go anywhere without people asking for your autograph or telling you congratulations or how proud they were of you and things like that." The newfound celebrity also extended to New York, where Tuck and Giants wide receiver Amani Toomer were honored by Congressman Charles Rangel at the ball field at Harlem River Park on February 20, 2008. The community celebration was in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLII victory. Three days later, he and several Giants players were honored as "special guests" during a historic title unification bout in Madison Square Garden between heavyweight boxers Wladimir Klitschko and Sultan Ibragimov.


title: Justin Tuck

text: The following month, Tuck was again honored for his Super Bowl performance. He exchanged a game-worn football jersey for a game-used hockey stick with New York Rangers captain Jaromír Jágr. After only his second ice hockey game, Tuck quipped "I am hooked. It's football on ice." He is a Rangers fan.


title: Justin Tuck

text: Tuck has participated in various philanthropic causes. Tuck and Giants teammate Michael Strahan teamed up with Nike to design their own exclusive pair of sneakers for ID studio in New York City. All proceeds of the sneakers were donated to Nike's Let Me Play global campaign. Tuck was also featured on the second season of "Cake Boss" when he ordered a cake shaped like a billiards table for the first annual celebrity billiards event for his charity "Tuck's Rush for Literacy."


title: Justin Tuck

text: He also served on the player engagement board of advisors of the Alliance of American Football in 2018.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey (stylized as MAP OF THE SOUL: 7 ~THE JOURNEY~) is the fourth Japanese studio album by South Korean boy band BTS. The band's first full-length Japanese offering in two years since "Face Yourself" (2018), the album was released on July 14, 2020, through Universal Music Japan and Big Hit Entertainment. The album contains Japanese versions of songs from "" (2018), "" (2019), and "" (2020), as well as four new tracks: two instrumentals, "Intro: Calling" and "Outro: The Journey", and two original songs, lead single "Stay Gold", and "Your Eyes Tell" which was written by Jungkook. Previously released 2019 single "Lights" was also included.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The album was BTS' sixth to debut at number one in Japan, and their second of 2020 after "Map of the Soul: 7". It sold 500,000 copies in its first two days of release and broke the record for highest first week sales of 2020 with 564,000 copies to become the most sold album of the year at the time. It also set a new all-time record for the highest first week sales by a male foreign artist, surpassing DBSKs ten-year record of 413,000 copies sold. The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) certified the album Triple Platinum in its fourth week of release for surpassing sales of 750,000 physical copies. The album was nominated for and won Album of the Year, and Best 3 Albums (together with "Map of the Soul: 7" and "Be") in the Asia sub-category at the 35th Japan Gold Disc Awards in March 2021.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: Elsewhere, the album achieved top-20 chart placements in six territories, top-10 in four, and top-five in six. It was BTS' first Japanese release to debut at number one in Portugal, and became the band's tenth chart-topper on the "Billboard" World Albums Chart when it peaked at number one in August after the physical album became available in the United States.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: "Billboard Japan" first broke the news of a potential Japanese album on March 26, 2020, when it announced that a new BTS song titled "Stay Gold" had been selected as the theme for then upcoming Japanese television drama, "Spiral Labyrinth – DNA Forensic Investigation (らせんの 迷宮 - DNA 科学捜査, Rasen no Meikyū – DNA Kagaku Sōsa)". "Billboard" also stated that the song would be part of the band's "fourth Japanese album scheduled to be released this summer". In response to additional reports made in April that a Japanese version of "On" from "Map of the Soul: 7" would also be included, Big Hit Entertainment only confirmed that an album would be released in July and stated that further information would be given once official schedules were finalized.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: On May 7, BTS' fourth Japanese album was officially announced, marking the band's first full-length work in the language in two years since "Face Yourself" (2018). The album's title, "Map of the Soul: 7 ~ The Journey ~", and July 14 release date were revealed, along with a complete 13-song tracklist and details of the various physical versions that would be available for purchase and their accompanying bonuses. The tracklist contained Japanese versions of "On", "Black Swan", "Make It Right", and "Dionysus", four new songs: "Intro: Calling", lead single "Stay Gold", "Your Eyes Tell" written by Jungkook, and "Outro: The Journey", and BTS' third original Japanese single "Lights" (2019). The first group concept photo was also unveiled: a monochrome image of the band in black suits, seated on stage against a curtained backdrop. The second group concept image was published on May 22 and featured the band in pastel clothes against a colorful 2D illustrated background. A series of seven further individual teaser images were shared online from June 12–18. These solo pictures featured the same monochromatic visual theme as the first group concept photo. Album jacket photos showing the official artwork for each of the album's editions were revealed on May 28. Universal Music Japan posted a music spot video featuring an audio snippet of "Stay Gold" to its YouTube channel on May 14. The clip garnered over 880,000 views within a week of release. A second and final music spot video, this time featuring "Lights" together with "Boy With Luv" and "Stay Gold", was uploaded on July 12.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: Physical pre-orders for Japan, South Korea and other territories began on May 8, while US pre-orders began just over one month later on June 11 through Weverse Shop, and June 15 for Target, Amazon, and other US retailers. Global digital pre-save of the album began on June 19 across various online music platforms.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The album's title is reflective of its theme, which maps BTS' seven-year journey since their debut in 2013, and the "many joys, successes, hardships, and challenges" they experienced during this time while on their "quest for the answer of the journey that will never end". In keeping with this, lead single "Stay Gold" conveys the message that "The world may not be full of good things, but please don't lose your luster." It was written and produced by longtime collaborator UTA, who has worked with the band on several other Japanese releases since 2015.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: "Your Eyes Tell" is an original, "lush, string-laden ballad" created by BTS vocalist Jungkook. Having heard that preparations for a new Japanese album were ongoing, director Takahiro Miki, of upcoming Japanese romance film "Your Eyes Tell (きみの瞳が問いかけている, Kimi no Me ga Toikakete Iru)", reached out to the band about working on a possible soundtrack for the movie. Jungkook wrote the song after reading the film's script and watching its incomplete (at the time) footage. The lyrics embrace the concept of watching over someone protectively, and express "the beautiful and deep perspective of love" as portrayed in the film. Though originally intended for use on his as yet unnamed and unreleased mixtape, the track was sent in as a last minute submission for consideration alongside other demos from the band, just before recording of the soundtrack was set to begin. After hearing the song, which went in a completely different musical direction to the others, Miki felt that the "shining melody", "relaxed singing vocals", and the way the lyrics incorporated use of the film's keyword "watching", matched the movie so well that he decided to also use it during the film, instead of solely for the ending credits. It is the first time an original song was written by a foreign artist for a Japanese film, and the first movie theme of BTS' career. Accordingly, the song was selected for inclusion on the album as well.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The album was released on July 14. Limited territories outside of Japan received the physical editions on the same day; the digital album was available globally. A staggered rollout for physicals occurred due to worldwide shipping restrictions put in place by various countries in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight versions of the album were made available: four Limited Editions A-D, a CD only Regular Edition, and three limited editions of the regular edition. Limited Editions A and B contain content viewable on Blu-ray and DVD respectively, a 32-page booklet, and sticker sheets A and B individually. Limited Editions C and D include a 56-page photo booklet, in versions A and B respectively. Conversely, the CD-only Regular Edition comes with a 20-page lyric booklet instead and one of seven random "Selfie ver." photocards included as a first-press only bonus. The Universal Music Store, BTS Japan Official Fanclub, and SevenNet versions of the regular edition also include a 20-page lyric booklet, with the first two having one of seven random "Colourful ver." and "Monochrome ver." photocards respectively as their bonuses, and the third an exclusive set of seven jacket changing cards. All albums share the same track listing.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: In May, it was announced that BTS would appear in the August 2020 edition of "Vogue Japan" slated for release on June 27. Pre-orders for the magazine quickly sold out at online bookstores in South Korea and Japan. "Vogue" posted a short video clip from the exclusive photoshoot to their website and official Twitter on June 23, and a group teaser photo to their official Instagram on June 24. The issue contained an 8-page photo spread of the band and an interview that also included a segment about the new album; it was BTS' first ever appearance in the magazine.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The release of a two-part, web-based movie, "BTS Music Journey", was announced on June 5 as a gift to the band's Japanese fans. Initially available for limited time viewing in Japan only on special website, "bts-mapofthesoul7.jp", via web browser Brave, which also featured a unique BTS-themed home screen, it was later opened to viewers in South Korea and the US on July 31 until September 30. Part one was published on June 20 and contained a 24-minute long group interview where BTS discussed their thoughts on the new album and its making, revealed never before shared "secret stories", and "reminisced with fans on the last seven years of memories". Part two, featuring sub-unit interviews, was released on July 23. On July 1, MTV Japan announced a special programming schedule featuring blocks of selected BTS content that began airing on its network from July 9 and continued throughout the month in commemoration of the new album's release. TV Tokyo aired an exclusive 55-minute long, in-depth interview with the band, titled "BTS Journey: ~The Journey of 7~", on July 5. The program was broadcast across six TXN stations to audiences in Tokyo, Osaka, Aichi, Setouchi, Hokkaido, and Kyushu. Commenting on a feature program being aired for BTS, the "Japan Dong-a Ilbo" wrote: "Famous Japanese singers are rarely seen to have a single special broadcast before their comeback," and noted domestic media's increased interest towards the band in recent times. The program was posted online in three parts to the special website for limited time viewing until September 30. Part one was uploaded on August 8, with parts two and three to be announced in the near future.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: Yunika Vision ran a half-hour long special feature of seven BTS music videos including "Stay Gold" on its screens in front of Seibu-Shinjuku Station from July 6 to July 12; the feature was also accessible for mobile viewing with high-quality sound via the "VISION α" app. The complex later ran a "Billboard Japan" Hot 100 airplay feature of "Stay Gold" from July 28 to August 4; the music video was shown five times a day during that time.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The band appeared on several Japanese morning television shows for promotional Q&A sessions and remote interviews including Fuji TV's "Mezamashi TV", NTV's "Zip! Showbiz" and "Oha! 4 News Live", KBC's "Asadesu", Nagoya TV's "" and "Delsata", TBS's "Gutto Luck! (Good Luck!)" and "", and ABC TV's "Good Morning Call ABC".


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: "Stay Gold" preceded the album with a digital release on June 19. In South Korea, the song immediately entered the real-time charts of domestic music streaming sites, marking the first time one of BTS' original Japanese songs entered said charts. In Japan, it debuted at number two on "Oricon"s Daily Digital Single chart, peaked at number six on the Weekly Digital Single chart, and at number twelve on the "Billboard Japan" Hot 100 respectively. In North America, with just over 10,000 copies sold, the song debuted at number one on "Billboard's" World Digital Song Sales chart, number six on the all-genre Digital Songs Sales chart, and number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100. "Forbes" reviewed the single favourably, describing it as a "soothing, uplifting track...blending bouncy hip-hop beats on the verses and power-pop production on the choruses" and "...a comforting pop blanket with its scaling, surging hook encouraging listeners to "stay gold," delivering empowering words at a time when many need it".


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The music video for "Stay Gold" was published on Big Hit's official YouTube channel on June 26, with an exclusive video message to fans from the band airing during the live countdown to the online premiere, one minute before release. It is BTS' fastest Japanese music video to surpass 50 million views, doing so in five days. As of August 21, 2020, the music video had over 100 million views.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The first audio preview of "Your Eyes Tell" was revealed on July 9—it featured in the extended trailer for its namesake film. After the album was released, the Jungkook-penned track debuted at number one in Japan on Oricon's Daily Digital single chart with over 13,000 copies sold. It also topped real-time and daily charts of several of the biggest domestic music sites including Line Music, where it remained in the top position for a record six consecutive days. At the end of its first tracking week, "Your Eyes Tell" was the third most-streamed song according to Oricon for the period July 13–19, with over 5.1 million streams, giving it the biggest streaming debut in history for a song by a Korean act in Japan. It entered the Weekly Digital Single chart at number five, and the "Billboard Japan" Hot 100 at number eight. In North America, it became BTS' 21st number one on the "Billboard" World Digital Song Sales chart, and their 125th entry overall, when it debuted in the top position for the same charting period as the album with 8,000 copies sold. It was the band's 15th entry on the ranking for that week, the most amongst all acts listed. The song also entered the Digital Song Sales chart at number 12, and the Canadian Digital Song Sales chart at number 18.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: Canadian electronic dance music duo Adventure Club and future bass producer Soar collaborated on a dubstep remix of the track featuring "fluctuating synths" and "plenty of super melodic and bass elements" released on July 21. "Edm.com" dubbed it "a mammoth remix" and a "serendipitous rework" with "all the lushness and euphoric gravitas of a signature Adventure Club tune." Dancing Astronaut called it "emotive", stating that "Adventure Club and Soar simply add the level of attitude that only drums can provide." "Youredm.com" described the remix as "beautiful" and "heavenly", writing that the original was "equally beautiful with soaring melodies and the band’s harmonious vocals."


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: BTS held the premiere performance of "Stay Gold" on TBS Japan's "CDTV Live! Live!" on June 22 via pre-recorded video. They guested on NTV's "Sukkiri" on July 13 for their second performance of "Stay Gold". The band presented the song later that same week on the July 17 broadcast of NTV's "Buzz Rhythm 02", and again the following day on NHK's "SONGS" on July 18 together with "Black Swan". It was BTS' first appearance on "SONGS" in two years.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The band performed "Your Eyes Tell" for the first time on "CDTV Live! Live!" on July 13. Reviewing the performance post-broadcast, "Real Sound"s Tomoko Furuya mentioned the song's "beautiful melody...characterized by a relaxed and gentle sound", and complimented the way the band "always appeal to [the listener] about the meaning of the lyrics even though the song is not in their native language". Regarding the vocalists, Furuya wrote that Jungkook's "calm singing voice reassured the listener", V's voice "has such a charm that you can feel the depth even when he sings high notes", Jin's "beautiful" voice "pierced the heart", and that "the way Jimin sings strongly conveys the emotions of the lyrics". He also took note of the gentler style adopted by the rappers as the song is slower than their usual Korean rap verses, and how they delivered their lines in a "cool and refreshing manner". Two weeks later, BTS were featured in the July 26 episode of Fuji TV's "Love Music" where they performed the song again.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: The album debuted at number one on the Oricon Daily Albums Chart having sold 447,869 copies within 24 hours of release. It surpassed BTS' previous Japanese album, 2018 predecessor "Face Yourself"s first day sales of 188,000 albums by more than twice as many copies. With these numbers, "Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey" set new records for the highest first day sales by both a foreign and Korean artist in Japan, and became the highest selling album of 2020 out of all albums released in the country up to that time. It crossed an accumulated 500,000 copies sold on its second day, more than double "Face Yourself"s initial three days sales combined, and was the first 2020 album to exceed this many units. The album maintained its position atop the daily chart for six consecutive days. At the end of its first week, "Oricon" reported on July 21 that "Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey" had debuted at number one on the Weekly Album Chart issue dated July 27 for the period July 13–19 with over 564,000 copies sold, breaking the record for highest first week sales of 2020 and becoming the most sold album of the year at the time. The album was BTS' sixth overall to debut at number one in Japan, and their second of the year after "" in February. The band additionally set a new all-time record for the best-selling album by a male foreign artist in its first week of tracking, breaking a ten-year record previously held by DBSK's greatest hits album, "Best Selection 2010". The album crossed 600,000 copies in its third week, and went on to debut atop the Monthly Album chart for July with 605,785 copies sold. It was certified Triple Platinum by the RIAJ in its fourth week, on August 7, signifying 750,000 copies sold.


title: Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey

text: At the end of 2020, "Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey" ranked fourth on "Billboard Japan"s Hot Albums Year End Chart. It was the third best-selling and the 22nd most-downloaded album in Japan overall.