title: Hiram Johnson

text: After attending public schools and Heald's Business College, Johnson worked as a shorthand reporter and stenographer in law offices. He studied law at the University of California, Berkeley from 1884 to 1886, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. After his admission to the bar in 1888, Johnson practiced in Sacramento with his brother Albert as the firm of Johnson & Johnson.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1902, Johnson moved to San Francisco, where he was hired as an assistant district attorney and became active in reform politics. He attracted statewide attention in 1908 when he assisted DA Francis J. Heney in the prosecution of Abe Ruef and Mayor Eugene Schmitz for graft. After Heney was shot in the courtroom in an attempted assassination, Johnson took the lead for the prosecution and won the case.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1910, Johnson won the gubernatorial election as a member of the Lincoln–Roosevelt League, a Progressive Republican movement running on a platform opposed to the Southern Pacific Railroad. During his campaign, he toured the state in an open automobile, covering thousands of miles and visiting small communities throughout California that were inaccessible by rail. Johnson helped establish rules that made voting and the political process easier. For example, he established rules to facilitate recalls. This measure was used on Governor Gray Davis in 2003.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In office, Johnson was a populist who promoted a number of democratic reforms: the election of U.S. Senators by direct popular vote rather than the state legislature (which was later ratified nationwide by a constitutional amendment), cross-filing, initiative, referendum, and recall elections. Johnson's reforms gave California a degree of direct democracy unmatched by any other U.S. state at the time.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Johnson was also instrumental in reining in the power of the Southern Pacific Railroad through the establishment of a state railroad commission. On taking office, Johnson paroled Chris Evans, convicted as the Southern Pacific train bandit, but required that he leave California.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Although initially opposed to the bill, Johnson gave in to political pressure and supported the California Alien Land Law of 1913, which prevented Asian immigrants from owning land in the state (they were already excluded from naturalized citizenship because of their race).


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1912, Johnson was a founder of the national Progressive Party and ran as the party's vice presidential candidate, sharing a ticket with former President Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt and Johnson narrowly carried California but finished second nationally behind the Democratic ticket of Woodrow Wilson and Thomas Marshall. Their second-place finish, ahead of incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft, remains among the strongest for any third party in American history.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Johnson was re-elected governor of California in 1914, gaining nearly twice the votes of his opponent.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1916, Johnson ran successfully for the U.S. Senate, defeating Democrat George S. Patton Sr. He took office on March 16, 1917. Johnson was elected as a staunch opponent of American entry into World War I, and allegedly said, "The first casualty when war comes is truth." However, this quote may be apocryphal. As an isolationist, Johnson voted against the League of Nations during his first term.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: During his Senate career, Johnson served as chairman of the Committees on Cuban Relations (Sixty-sixth Congress), Patents (Sixty-seventh Congress), Immigration (Sixty-eighth through Seventy-first Congresses), Territories and Insular Possessions (Sixty-eighth Congress), and Commerce (Seventy-first and Seventy-second Congresses).


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In the Senate, Johnson helped push through the Immigration Act of 1924, having worked with Valentine S. McClatchy and other anti-Japanese lobbyists to prohibit Japanese and other East Asian immigrants from entering the United States.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In the early 1920s, the motion picture industry sought to establish a self-regulatory process to fend off official censorship. Senator Johnson was among three candidates identified to head a new group, alongside Herbert Hoover and Will H. Hays. Hays, who had managed President Harding's 1920 campaign, was ultimately named to head the new Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America in early 1922.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: As Senator, Johnson proved extremely popular. In 1934, he was re-elected with 94.5 percent of the popular vote; he was nominated by both the Republican and Democratic parties and his only opponent was Socialist George Ross Kirkpatrick.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1943, a confidential analysis of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, made by British scholar Isaiah Berlin for his Foreign Office, stated that Johnson:


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In 1945, Johnson was absent when the vote took place for ratification of United Nations Charter, but made it known that he would have voted against this outcome. Senators Henrik Shipstead and William Langer were the only ones to cast votes opposing ratification.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Following Theodore Roosevelt's death in January 1919, Johnson was the most prominent leader in the surviving progressive movement; the Progressive Party of 1912 was dead. In 1920 he ran for the Republican nomination for president but was defeated by conservative Senator Warren Harding. Johnson did not get the support of Roosevelt's family, who instead supported Roosevelt's long-time friend Leonard Wood. At the convention, Johnson was asked to serve as Harding's running mate, but he declined.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Johnson sought the 1924 Republican nomination against President Calvin Coolidge, but his campaign was derailed after he lost the California primary. Johnson declined to challenge Herbert Hoover for the 1928 presidential nomination, instead choosing to seek re-election to the Senate.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In the 1932 presidential election, Johnson broke with President Hoover. He was one of the most prominent Republicans to support Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. During Roosevelt's first term, Johnson supported the president's New Deal economic recovery package and frequently 'crossed the floor' to aid the Democrats. By late 1936 he was convinced that Roosevelt was a very dangerous would-be dictator. Johnson, although in poor health, attacked Roosevelt and the New Deal following FDR's attempt to take control of the Supreme Court in 1937.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: In January 1887, Johnson married Minne L. McNeal. The couple had two sons: Hiram W. Johnson, Jr., and Archibald McNeal Johnson.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Having served in the Senate for almost thirty years, Johnson died in the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland, on August 6, 1945, the same day as the US conducted atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He was interred in Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Johnson gained some recognition in the media and general public during the 2003 California recall election because he was the most important person behind the introduction of the law that allowed state officials to be recalled. Arnold Schwarzenegger, the eventual winner, referred to Johnson's progressive legacy in his campaign speeches.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: On August 25, 2009, Governor Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, announced that Johnson would be one of 13 inducted into the California Hall of Fame.


title: Hiram Johnson

text: Johnson held the record as California's longest-serving United States Senator for over 75 years, until it was broken by Dianne Feinstein on March 28, 2021.


The 2022–23 UEFA Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round began on 4 August and ended on 25 August 2022.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round

text: A total of 28 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League, which included the qualifying phase, with 10 teams in Champions Path and six teams in Main Path, and the play-off round. The 10 winners in the play-off round advanced to the group stage, to join the 12 teams that enter in the group stage, the six losers of the Champions League play-off round (four from Champions Path and two from League Path), and the four League Path losers of the Champions League third qualifying round.


text: All teams eliminated from the qualifying phase and play-off round entered the Europa Conference League:


text: Below are the participating teams (with their 2022 UEFA club coefficients, not to be used as seeding for qualifying phase and play-off round, however), grouped by their starting rounds.


text: Each tie was played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scored more goals on aggregate over the two legs advance to the next round. If the aggregate score was level at the end of normal time of the second leg, extra time was played, and if the same amount of goals were scored by both teams during extra time, the tie was decided by a penalty shoot-out.


text: The schedule of the competition was as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).


text: Teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other. The first team drawn in each tie was the home team of the first leg.


text: The winners of the ties advanced to the play-off round. The losers were transferred to the Europa Conference League play-off round of their respective path.


text: Country protection was not applied. The first team drawn in each tie was the home team of the first leg.


text: The winners of the ties advanced to the group stage. The losers were transferred to the Europa Conference League group stage.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: Powar was selected in 2000 for the first intake of the National Cricket Academy in Bangalore. and again he was named as India women's cricket team coach in 2021 June.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: Powar's term will include a tour to Sri Lanka, a bilateral series in the West Indies in October followed by the ICC Women's World T20 in West Indies in November.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: "The BCCI has appointed Mr. Ramesh Powar as Head Coach of the Indian Women’s Team. Mr. Powar has now been handed over full time duties till 30th November, 2018," the board's secretary Amitabh Choudhary said in a statement.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: Powar was a consistent performer in domestic cricket for many seasons and was crucial to Mumbai cricket team's Ranji Trophy success in the 2002–03 season. Powar played first class cricket for 16 years


title: Ramesh Powar

text: Powar played for Sefton Park in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition, signed as a late replacement for the injured Vinayak Mane in July 2005. He scored 325 league runs at 32.5 in ten games and took 25 wickets at 21 apiece.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: He was first selected in the Indian squad for their tour of Pakistan. He did not return to the ODI side again until early 2006. His recall came on the back of 63 domestic wickets for 2005–06. It was the second season in a row that he had taken over 50 wickets.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: However, in January 2007, he was dropped from the squad because of injury and Anil Kumble returned as the second spinner in the lead up to the 2007 Cricket World Cup. But his poor fielding skills paved the way for his exclusion from the Indian team.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: In May 2008, he made his IPL debut for the Kings XI Punjab and picked up a wicket in the very first over he bowled. He represented Kings XI Punjab in the first three seasons of the IPL. He represented the defunct Kochi Tuskers Kerala franchise in the IPL in 2011. He played for Kings XI Punjab in 2012.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: In 2013, after representing Mumbai cricket team for 14 first-class seasons he shifted to Rajasthan cricket team where he had a poor season. He took 10 wickets at 62.20 from six matches. But in 2014, Powar became the first player of Rajasthan cricket team to move out as Rajasthan Cricket Association was suspended by BCCI. He joined Gujarat cricket team for next season.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: In November 2015, Powar announced that he would retire from all forms of cricket following the conclusion of the 2015–16 Ranji Trophy.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: He has been appointed as the head coach of India women's cricket team on an interim basis. As per a report in The Indian Express, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has asked him to oversee the camp to be held in Bengaluru from 25 July to 3 August. In February 2021, he was appointed as Mumbai team's head coach for the Vijay Hazare Trophy. Ramesh Powar appointed as the head coach of the Indian women’s cricket team. The cricket governing body released an official statement in this regard.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: He is an alumnus of Ruparel College of Science, Commerce and Arts in Matunga, Mumbai. His brother Kiran Powar also played cricket and is current under-19s coach of Vidarbha cricket team.


title: Ramesh Powar

text: In 2018 Women World Cup, Ramesh got into a dispute with batter Mithali Raj, and as a consequence of that she was not allowed to play in the semifinal. Many fans of the Indian team cited this incident as the reason for the team's poor showing at the World Cup.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Sasquatch (Walter Langkowski) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Dr. Walter Langkowski is a member of Alpha Flight, native of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, renowned physicist, and professor at McGill University. He is also a professional football player for the Green Bay Packers. In the 1993 miniseries "The Infinity Crusade" it is revealed that Sasquatch is Jewish.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: He possesses the ability to change into an orange-furred beast known as Bigfoot. This metamorphosis is triggered by willpower. In this form, Langkowski has immense physical attributes and natural weaponry.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: These powers were a result of Langkowski's self-experimentation with gamma radiation. In an attempt to become like the Hulk, Langkowski bombarded himself with a gamma ray projector at his laboratory near the Arctic Circle. As a proposed explanation for why he transforms into an orange behemoth instead of green (as gamma-irradiated persons are usually affected), Langkowski assumed it had something to do with the Aurora Borealis.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: However, unknown to Langkowski, it was not the gamma rays that turned him into Sasquatch, but in fact that his lab equipment opened a doorway between their world and the "Realm of Great Beasts." When it was opened, a mystical beast named Tanaraq invaded Langkowski's body and granted him his powers. Langkowski learns how to maintain his own personality and intelligence while in Sasquatch form, and this was very successful for a time.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: As a member of the Canadian superhero team Alpha Flight, Sasquatch battled the X-Men in an attempt to capture Wolverine. He later battled the Hulk, and then, alongside the Hulk, battled the Wendigo. Alongside Alpha Flight again, he battled the Great Beast Tundra. With Alpha Flight, Namor, and the Invisible Woman, he first encountered the Master of the World. He then battled the Super-Skrull. With Alpha Flight, he battled Omega Flight. Alongside Rom and Alpha Flight, he battled the Dire Wraiths. With Alpha Flight, he went on a mission with the X-Men and clashed with Loki. Sasquatch was becoming increasingly prone to feral rages, making him reluctant to function in a fight. His Sasquatch form was eventually revealed as an incarnation of Tanaraq, who took control of Sasquatch, forcing Snowbird to slay Langkowski.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: After his death, Langkowski's teammates traveled to the realm of the Great Beasts to recover his soul, that is being preserved in what is called a "Phistash-Hasrak", but a preservation spell cast by Alpha Flight's resident sorcerer Shaman failed to prevent Langkowski's body from crumbling to dust. Once there, they were attacked by the Great Beast Somon, who summoned the Great Beasts Tundra, Kariooq, and Tolomaq against them. Snowbird battled Somon, eventually forcing him to relinquish control of the other Great Beasts and causing them to battle one another. Forcing the now-weakened Somon to reveal to them the location of Walter Langkowski's spirit, Alpha Flight ventured to the Pit of Ultimate Sadness, located beneath the Great Glow-Globe of Phistash-Hasrak, where Somon explained that the souls of those who once inhabited the realm laid in torture. Within the Pit, Somon explained to Alpha Flight that, in order to enter the Pit's Well of Sorrows, they must sacrifice love, hate and power. Sending Aurora (representing love), Northstar (representing hate) and Talisman (representing power) into the Well, Alpha Flight soon realized the Well was a trap set by Somon. Snowbird quickly killed Somon and three trapped Alphans were reunited with the rest of the team. Shaman soon deduced from Somon's trap that no actual souls still remained within the Well of Sorrows but rather, the only wandering soul (Walter's) resided above the Well, within the Glow-Globe of Phistash-Hasrak. Containing Walter's soul within a globe of its own from his pouch, Shaman then transported Alpha Flight back to Earth, where they met with Heather Hudson and Box. In desperation, Shaman projected the soul into the robot exoskeleton of Box, who had arrived just as the Alphans returned to Earth. After some searching for an alternate form, Langkowski and Box's creator, Roger Bochs, eventually scanned a humanoid, nearly mindless body trapped in another dimension. However, when the pair projected Langkowski's soul towards this body across an interdimensional "fishing line", it turned out to be the Hulk, and Langkowski, unwilling to displace his colleague and friend Bruce Banner (despite Banner's pleas to the contrary), let his soul dissipate into the interdimensional void.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Sasquatch is subsequently brought back to life first by temporarily inhabiting the miniaturized body of Smart Alec, then by inhabiting the body of the then-deceased Snowbird. At first limited to transforming between Snowbird's (female) human form and a white-furred version of his Sasquatch form, he called himself "Wanda Langkowski", and fought to be recognized as legally alive. This body was later mystically altered to be identical of his original body by Snowbird's spirit. After this, his Sasquatch form returned to its original orange hue. With Alpha Flight, he first battled Llan the Sorcerer. With Alpha Flight, alongside the Avengers, and the People's Protectorate, he battled the Atlantean army, the Peace Corpse, and the Combine. Alongside Alpha Flight, he defended Her against the Consortium.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: In 2005, Sasquatch assembles of Alpha Flight in order to rescue the original team from an alien race known as the Plodex. Sales were poor and the series was canceled with issue #12.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Along with Major Mapleleaf, Puck (both Eugene Judd and Zuzha Yu), Vindicator, Shaman, and Guardian, Sasquatch fights The Collective. He is later revealed to be the only member of Alpha Flight to survive the attack. Following the events of the 2006 "Civil War" storyline, Langkowski is recruited by the Canadian government to form a new team called Omega Flight. He goes out of control possessed by the Great Beast, Tanaraq, but manages to recover. He also forgives Michael Pointer for the indirect role he played in the destruction of Alpha Flight and apologized for forcing him into the role of Guardian. Sasquatch has gone to Wakanda, along with Wolfsbane, Thornn, and Feral. The group offers their assistance to Wolverine against Sabretooth. Feral is killed by Sabretooth and in the meantime, the villain Romulus forms plans of his own involving the group.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: During the 2010 "Chaos War" storyline, Sasquatch makes a deal with the Great Beasts, bringing them to Earth so they can kill Amatusu-Mikaboshi. He alongside Snowbird, Northstar, and Aurora are reunited with a resurrected Guardian, Vindicator, Shaman, and Marrina Smallwood.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: During the 2011 "Fear Itself" storyline, Sasquatch was seen helping Alpha Flight fight Attuma (in the form of Nerkodd: Breaker of Oceans) while saving people from the flood caused by Nerkodd. Once Nerkodd is defeated and repelled, Alpha Flight returns to their headquarters, only to end up betrayed by Gary Cody and his newly elected Unity Party. When in the custody of the Unity Party, Sasquatch's gamma energy is drained enough for him to revert to his human form of Walter Langkowski. At Parliament Hill, Walter is informed by Agent Jeff Brown that the concussions he had when he played football will cause him to act less human when he changes back into Sasquatch. Jeff also tells Walter that he will soon achieve Unity. Walter is later freed by Shaman who knocks out Agent Jeff Brown.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: As part of the 2015 All-New, All-Different Marvel branding, Sasquatch appears as part of the Alpha Flight space program.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: While taking time off from the Alpha Flight space program, Walter met a reporter named Jackie McGee and agreed to aid her in her search for Bruce Banner. After Walter was stabbed breaking up a fight between two men, he wound up in the hospital where he turned into Sasquatch at night. After killing some doctors that were treating him, Sasquatch encounters Hulk who found that he is possessed by Brian Banner's ghost. Hulk was able to free Sasquatch from Brian's possession by draining the gamma energy out of him enough to depower Walter. It was revealed that Brian Banner's possession of Sasquatch was caused by the One Below All.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: General Reginald Fortean nearly charged Walter for the deaths he caused and changed his mind when he decided to have Captain Marvel call the Avengers to go after Hulk and have him save Walter. After Hulk escaped from General Fortean's custody, Walter formed a new version of Gamma Flight to go after Hulk by starting with Puck as its first member.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Walter and Gamma Flight arrived at the area where the gamma bomb first turned Bruce Banner into Hulk. As Hulk fought Gamma Flight, Absorbing Man absorbed the leftover gamma radiation that enabled the One-Below-All to plunge New Mexico into its Below-Place. After Hulk defeated the One-Below-All, Walter and Gamma Flight were returned to Earth where Absorbing Man joined the group.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: With Titania as its latest member, Walter and Gamma Flight ran into Doc Samson who reveals to them Hulk's plans to wipe out the human civilization.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Arriving in Reno, Nevada, Walter and Gamma Flight found the Subject B husk that the U.S. Hulk Operations placed Rick Jones' body in. They take it to the Alpha Flight Low-Orbit Space Station for study. Wearing the Redeemer armor, General Fortean raided the Alpha Flight Low-Orbit Space Station to reclaim the Subject B husk. While taking out the Gamma Flight members, Fortean also shoots Walter to make him pay for the deaths his Sasquatch form caused before making off with the Subject B husk.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Due to his door in the Below-Place being meddled, Doc Samson was able to revive himself in the body of Walter Langkowski on the Alpha Flight Low Orbit Space Station causing the body to turn into a green-haired version of Sasquatch. While reuniting with Gamma Flight and Jackie McGee, Samson told them about Leader's meddling and called this form of his Doc Sasqautch. Leading Gamma Flight to confront Hulk's Joe Fixit persona, Doc Sasquatch prevented everyone from getting sucked out when Joe Fixit punched a hole in the space station.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Walter Langkowski was able to revive himself in Doc Samson's body and took on the alias of Walter Samson.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Walter Samson made his way to the Baxter Building where he helped the Fantastic Four in locating the Below-Place in order to make use of the Forever Gate so that they can retrieve Bruce Banner and Jackie McGee.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: As Sasquatch, Langkowski possesses abnormal strength and stamina, as well as resistance to injury (in an early appearance, he fought the Hulk for "fun" in order to test the limits of his own physique). He is sufficiently strong enough to pull a naval destroyer ashore for repairs, hold a DC-10 cargo plane against the thrust of its engines, and then, hurl it over 1,000 feet backwards. Thanks to his thick fur coat, he can survive in arctic environments. Sasquatch is able to jump vast distances, but less efficient. His claws are so sharp that they could penetrate materials, such as stone, wood, flesh, or even some types of metals. Langkowski's vision was magnified, allowing him to see clearly in beast form. He also has self-healing capabilities. This was demonstrated when his arm, broken in the murderous attack of Super-Skrull against a cosmic ray monitoring station, healed in changing into Sasquatch to fight that multi-powered foe.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Early in his career, switching between forms at will caused Langkowski extreme physical discomfort. To alleviate the pain, he recites a slow mantra while focusing on his body and thereby, calms it down. However, after many months of practice, he could effect the transformations with relative ease, without need for a meditative yoga. As Walter Samson, he has all the powers of Doc Samson.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Langkowski is a professionally trained scientist with knowledge of both physics and biophysics. He has experience dealing with many forms of experimental radiation and their mutagenic properties on lifeforms under controlled settings. As a former football player, Langkowski has athletic strength and endurance, though he is no longer in the peak condition of his life. Sasquatch also has formal combat skills, although he relies more on brute force than his own techniques.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: A race of Sasquatches were discovered to live in the forests of British Columbia. They are first seen in "Alpha Flight" vol. 2 #1. Once a year, the Sasquatches gather at the City of Sasquatches in secret, where they worship their forgotten gods and breed with one another. One of these Sasquatches, a barely intelligent monster, is mistaken by Langkowski's teammates to be a highly degenerated Langkowski, but it was an actual Bigfoot that had been captured by Department H. He is kept in control by the touch of the superpowered Murmur, though not always successfully. This Sasquatch dies in a conflict with Department H's corrupt leadership and the Zodiac.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Another Sasquatch appears in the 2005-2006 "Nick Fury's Howling Commandos" series as a member of that titular group. What, if any, connection this character has to Walter Langkowski or the Sasquatch from "Alpha Flight" volume 2, is not revealed. He is first seen helping the Abominable Snowman to track down Groot.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: Versions of Sasquatch that differ from the familiar one usually seen in mainstream Marvel continuity have been seen in various story lines. Some of these involve incarnations of the character that appear in the same storylines as the prime version of the character, while others are seen in story lines set in alternate timelines or dimensions.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: A doppelganger of Sasquatch was created by Magus in "Infinity War" #1 and appeared in "Infinity War" #1, 5, "Fantastic Four" #369-370 and "Wonder Man" vol. 2 #15.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: A white-haired entity who appears to be Walter Langowski joins the Exiles, an interdimensional team of heroes dedicated to fixing breaks in the timeline. It is soon revealed that she is a black woman named Heather Hudson, shocking the team who are familiar with versions of Walter.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: In the "Marvel Zombies" comics set in the universe of Earth-2149, the zombified Alpha Flight attack the X-Men and are eventually killed by Magneto. Sasquatch is seen in a panel of Marvel Zombies Dead Days attacking the X-Man Wolverine. He is killed alongside the rest of zombie Alpha Flight by Magneto in the next panel.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: In the possible future timeline seen in the second "Old Man Logan" ongoing series, it is revealed that Sasquatch and his fellow Alpha Flight members were killed by unknown villain opponents when the supervillain uprising had occurred. Old Man Logan experiences this illusion while he and Puck are taking part in a rescue mission on a space station that was attacked by the Brood.


title: Sasquatch (comics)

text: An Ultimate Marvel version of Sasquatch is referenced as being killed off-panel by a hunter during the "Ultimate X-Men" arc "Shock and Awe". Sasquatch makes an appearance in the first part of the "Ultimate X-Men"'s "Absolute Power" arc as a member of Alpha Flight. This Sasquatch, more savage than the 616 version, appears to know Rogue and to have experienced her powers firsthand, though Rogue does not recognize the character. The character is later revealed to be Rahne Sinclair, under the influence of the power-enhancing drug Banshee that enabled her to assume a Bigfoot-like form. She is injured by Nightcrawler, who while trying to teleport her away accidentally removes part of her arm.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Jonathan Blair Hensleigh (born February 13, 1959) is an American screenwriter and film director, working primarily in the action-adventure genre, best known for writing films such as "Jumanji", "Die Hard with a Vengeance", and "Armageddon", as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film "The Punisher".


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Hensleigh graduated from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1981 with a degree in history. He attended the University of Virginia School of Law, received his J.D. from Tulane University Law School, and was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1985. Before moving into writing, he worked as an attorney for seven years.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: At the age of 31, Hensleigh began writing scripts and screen plays. He had previously written a novel and a three-act stage play but did not go to film school.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Hensleigh's start in the entertainment industry came writing episodes of the television series "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles". He received his first film credit in 1993's "A Far Off Place", for which he wrote an early version of the script. His next two projects were "Die Hard with a Vengeance" and "Jumanji", both of which were released in 1995. The "Die Hard" sequel was based on a spec script Hensleigh had originally conceived as a Brandon Lee action film before the actor's death, with the working title "Simon Says". The script was considered for the fourth installment of the "Lethal Weapon" series before being picked up for "Die Hard".


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Hensleigh participated in writing for "The Rock", which became the subject of a dispute with the Writers Guild of America. In this case, the spec script (by David Weisberg and Douglas Cook) was reworked by several writers, but other than the original team, Mark Rosner was the only one granted official credit by guild arbitration. Despite their work on the script, neither Hensleigh nor Aaron Sorkin were credited in the film. The director Michael Bay wrote an open letter of protest, in which he criticized the arbitration procedure as a "sham" and a "travesty". He said Hensleigh had worked closely with him on the movie and should have received screen credit.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Hensleigh worked with Bay again on the 1998 disaster film "Armageddon", and officially received credit for the screenplay. He helped rewrite scripts for the Jerry Bruckheimer projects, "Con Air" (1997) and "Gone in 60 Seconds" (2000), receiving executive producer credit for those.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: Hensleigh made his debut as a director with "The Punisher" in 2004, with the assistance of his wife, veteran Hollywood producer Gale Anne Hurd. He co-wrote the script with Michael France, based on the "Marvel Comics" character The Punisher. Working on a tight schedule and with a relatively small budget, Hensleigh made a violent but restrained action movie that would be questionable to the spirit of the character.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: At one point, he was set to write and direct "Hulk", working on pre-production of that film for a year before pulling out. Some unrealized projects Hensleigh has worked on include a "Gemini Man" film and sequels to "Jumanji" and "The Punisher". As of October 3, 2008, Hensleigh was developing the series "Red Mars", which is based on the novel of the same name for AMC.


title: Jonathan Hensleigh

text: In 2011, Hensleigh wrote and directed "Kill the Irishman", based on the book "To Kill the Irishman: The War That Crippled the Mafia", about the Cleveland mobster Danny Greene who was active in the 1960s and 70s.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: A glory is an optical phenomenon, resembling an iconic saint's halo around the shadow of the observer's head, caused by sunlight or (more rarely) moonlight interacting with the tiny water droplets that comprise mist or clouds. The glory consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which is red on the outside and bluish towards the centre. Due to its appearance, the phenomenon is sometimes mistaken for a circular rainbow, but the latter has a much larger diameter and is caused by different physical processes.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: Depending on circumstances (such as the uniformity of droplet size in the clouds), one or more of the glory's rings can be visible. The angular size of the inner and brightest ring is much smaller than that of a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets. In the right conditions, a glory and a rainbow can occur simultaneously.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: Like a rainbow, a glory is centred on the antisolar (or, in case of the moon, antilunar) point, which coincides with the shadow of the observer's head. Since this point is by definition diametrically opposed to the sun's (or moon's) position in the sky, it always lies below the observer's horizon when the sun (or moon) is up. In order to see a glory, therefore, the clouds or fog causing it must be located "below" the observer, in a straight line with the Sun/Moon and the observer's eye. Hence, the glory is commonly observed from a high viewpoint such as a mountain, tall building or from an aircraft. In the latter case, if the plane is flying sufficiently low for its shadow to be visible on the clouds, the glory always surrounds it. This is sometimes called "The Glory of the Pilot".


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: When viewed from a mountain or tall building, glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, also called Mountain spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer, cast (when the sun is low) on clouds below the mountain on which the viewer is standing. The name derives from the Brocken, the tallest peak of the Harz mountain range in Germany. Because the peak is above the cloud level and the area is frequently misty, conditions conducive to casting a shadow on a cloud layer are common. Giant shadows that seemed to move by themselves due to movement of the cloud layer (this movement is another part of the definition of the Brocken spectre), and that were surrounded by glories, may have contributed to the reputation the Harz mountains hold as a refuge for witches and evil spirits. In Goethe's Faust, the Brocken is called the "Blocksberg" and is the site of the Witches' Sabbath on Walpurgis Night.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: Modern theories of light, first described by Henri Poincaré in 1887, are able to explain the phenomenon of glories through the complex angular momentum (rotation) of the electromagnetic field of a light wave, and do not need quantum theories. A summary of rainbowlike phenomena was provided in Scientific American in 1977, and states:


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: Most 20th century work on the phenomenon of rainbows and glories has focused on determining the correct "intensity" of light at each point in the phenomenon, which does require quantum theories. In 1947, the Dutch astronomer Hendrik van de Hulst suggested that surface waves are involved. He speculated that the brightness of the coloured rings of the glory are caused by two-ray interference between "short" and "long" path surface waves—which are generated by light rays entering the droplets at diametrically opposite points (both rays suffer one internal reflection). A theory by Brazilian physicist Herch Moysés Nussenzveig suggests that the light energy beamed back by a glory originates mostly from classical wave tunneling (synonymous in the paper to the evanescent wave coupling), which is an interaction between an evanescent light wave traveling along the surface of the drop and the waves inside the drop.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: C. T. R. Wilson saw a glory while working as a temporary observer at the Ben Nevis weather station. Inspired by the impressive sight, he decided to build a device for creating clouds in the laboratory, so that he could make a synthetic, small-scale glory. His work led directly to the cloud chamber, a device for detecting ionizing radiation for which he and Arthur Compton received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927.


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: In China, the phenomenon is called Buddha's light (or halo). It is often observed on cloud-shrouded high mountains, such as Huangshan and Mount Emei. Records of the phenomenon at Mount Emei date back to A.D. 63. The colourful halo always surrounds the observer's own shadow, and thus was often taken to show the observer's personal enlightenment (associated with Buddha or divinity).


title: Glory (optical phenomenon)

text: Stylized glories appear occasionally in Western heraldry. Two glories appear on the Great Seal of the United States: A glory breaking through clouds surrounding a cluster of 13 stars on the obverse, and a glory surrounding the Eye of Providence surmounting an unfinished pyramid on the reverse.


title: Hadj Mohammed Mesfewi

text: Hadj Mohammed Mesfewi (died June 13, 1906), called the "Marrakesh Arch-Killer", was a Moroccan serial killer who murdered at least 36 women.


title: Hadj Mohammed Mesfewi

text: Mesfewi worked as a shoemaker and trader in Marrakesh. Assisted by a 70-year-old woman named Annah, Mesfewi would kill young women who came to his shop to dictate letters. He would use drugs to incapacitate his victims before decapitating them with a dagger. Moroccan authorities found the remains of 20 mutilated bodies in a deep pit under his shop, another 16 were discovered in the garden outside. He was caught after the parents of one young victim traced her movements back to his shop. Annah died under torture and Mesfewi confessed that he killed them for their money; often the sums were very small.


title: Hadj Mohammed Mesfewi

text: After being convicted, Mesfewi was initially sentenced to be crucified on May 2, 1906. Due to international outcry, the sentence was changed to beheading. However, public sentiment in Marrakesh was for him to suffer so every day he was led from his cell, into the market square, and lashed ten times with a rod made from thorny acacia on a daily basis for four weeks. It was finally decided because of the heinous nature of his crimes and as a warning for all, Mesfewi would be walled up alive in the Marrakesh marketplace bazaar on June 11, 1906.


title: Hadj Mohammed Mesfewi

text: The cell was made by two masons who created a hole in the bazaar's thick walls about deep and wide and about high. Chains were fixed to the back wall to ensure Mesfewi did not attempt to escape and to keep him standing. On the day his sentence was carried out, Mesfewi screamed for mercy and fought with his jailers when he was led to the cell. After he had been chained up, bystanders threw filth and offal at him. The masons then came forward and began laying courses of masonry to brick up the opening. After his entombment, the crowd would be silent, but then cheer every time they heard him scream inside. Mesfewi could be heard for two days before falling silent on the third day. Following his death, many in the crowd voiced their anger that he had died too quickly.


title: Zoya Hussain

text: Zoya Hussain is an Indian actress, writer and director who predominantly appears in Hindi films. She got recognition for her role in "Mukkabaaz", directed by Anurag Kashyap.


title: Zoya Hussain

text: Zoya Hussain was born and brought up in Delhi. She started her career as an actress with the film Mukkabaaz. She first met Anurag Kashyap for the script she had written and wanted Anurag to give his feedback on the same. But Anurag didn't find the script and approached Zoya for playing a role in his next Mukkabaaz. Regarding her role in the film, Raja Sen of NDTV stated that "Zoya Hussain is great in an excessively demanding part, mute but loud as can be, the feistiest heroine we've had in a while".


title: Chief Keef discography

text: The discography of Chief Keef, an American rapper, consists of four studio albums, four extended plays, thirty-eight mixtapes, and twenty-eight singles (including seventeen as a featured artist). Chief Keef released his first studio album "Finally Rich" in 2012, which contained several successful singles, including "I Don't Like", "Hate Bein' Sober", and "Love Sosa". The album peaked at number 29 on the "Billboard" 200 and number 2 on the "Billboard" Rap chart. In 2013 he was featured on several hit songs by other rappers. In 2014 he released his mixtape "Back from the Dead 2", which was critically acclaimed. In 2015 he was featured on Travis Scott's debut album "Rodeo" on the song "Nightcrawler". He later released the album "Bang 3" in two parts. Chief Keef decided to retire for one year before coming back to music later. In 2017, he released three mixtapes and then released the album "Dedication". He then released more mixtapes in 2018. In 2019, he released his collaborative album with Zaytoven called "GloToven" which has a sole feature from Lil Pump. He then went on a hiatus for around 2 years, to return with his fourth album "4NEM".


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Tel Aviv University (TAU) (, "Universitat Tel Aviv") is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Located in northwest Tel Aviv, the university is the center of teaching and research of the city, comprising 9 faculties, 17 teaching hospitals, 18 performing arts centers, 27 schools, 106 departments, 340 research centers, and 400 laboratories.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Tel Aviv University originated in 1956 when three education units merged to form the university. The original 170-acre campus was expanded and now makes up 220 acres (89 hectares) in Tel Aviv's Ramat Aviv neighborhood.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: TAU's origins date back to 1956, when three research institutes: the Tel Aviv School of Law and Economics (established in 1935), the Institute of Natural Sciences (established in 1931), and the Academic Institute of Jewish Studies (established in 1954) – joined to form Tel Aviv University. Initially operated by the Tel Aviv municipality, the university was granted autonomy in 1963, and George S. Wise was its first president, from that year until 1971. The Ramat Aviv campus, covering an area of , on top of the depopulated and razed Palestinian village of Sheikh Munis, was established that same year. Its succeeding Presidents have been Yuval Ne'eman from 1971 to 1977, Haim Ben-Shahar from 1977 to 1983, Moshe Many from 1983 to 1991, Yoram Dinstein from 1991 to 1999, Itamar Rabinovich from 1999 to 2006, Zvi Galil from 2006 to 2009, Joseph Klafter from 2009 to 2019, and Ariel Porat since 2019.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: The university also maintains academic supervision over the Center for Technological Design in Holon, the New Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, and the Afeka College of Engineering in Tel Aviv. The Wise Observatory is located in Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev desert.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: TAU International (formerly known as the School for Overseas Students) affords thousands of students from across the globe the opportunity to study at Tel Aviv University. All TAU International programs are conducted in English.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Programs include Semester or Year Abroad, Degree Programs, and Specialized Programs, such as the International LL.M at the Faculty of Law. Students in the Undergraduate or Semester Abroad Programs are given the option of housing at the Einstein Dorms, just outside the university.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Within the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, there is a four year, English speaking Doctor of Medicine program which prepares students from North America for residencies in the United States and Canada. The program has a track record of excellent residency matches which far exceeds most international medical school.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In May 2007, New York University and Tel Aviv University approved a plan to establish an NYU Study Abroad Campus in Israel based at Tel Aviv University.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: The Center for World University Rankings ranked Tel Aviv University 81st in the world and third in Israel in its 2016 CWUR World University Rankings. They have also ranked it as 56 in 2012.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2019 placed Tel Aviv University at 189th in the world. The ratings reflect an overall measure of esteem that combines data on the institutions' reputation for research and teaching.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In 2013 QS World University Rankings ranked Tel Aviv University 196th in the world, making it the second-highest ranked university in Israel. Its subject rankings were: 202nd in Arts and Humanities, 295th in Engineering and Technology, 193rd in Life Sciences and Medicine, 208th in Natural Science, and 240th in Social Sciences and Management.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In 2016 QS World University Rankings ranked Tel Aviv University 22nd in the world for citations per faculty, which is the indicator that measures a university's research impact. This makes Tel Aviv University the leading university in Israel in terms of research.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In 2015 the Academic Ranking of World Universities gave Tel Aviv University the following subject rankings: 20th in Computer Science, 51–75 in Mathematics, 76–100 in Physics and 76-100 Economics/Business. In 2016 it was ranked as 51–75 in Engineering.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: From the year 2007 until 2018, Tel Aviv university ranks as 35th in the world in Computer Science according to CSRankings, the same rank as Harvard and the second-highest ranked in Israel.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: As of 2021, it is ranked as the 191th best university in the world by "THE World University Rankings", 230th by the "QS World University Rankings" and in the 151-200th bracket by the Shanghai Rankings


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In 2022, PitchBook Data ranked Tel Aviv University 7th in the world in terms of number of alumni who have founded venture capital backed companies, the highest out of any University outside the United States.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Tel Aviv University offers special programs of Jewish studies to teachers and students from the United States, France, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico. The programs are in English.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: The Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law has exchange agreements with 36 overseas universities, including: University of Virginia, Cornell University, Boston University, UCLA, Bucerius (Germany), EBS (Germany), McGill (Canada), Osgoode Hall (Canada), Ottawa (Canada), Queens University (Queens), Toronto (Canada), Bergen (Norway), STL (China), KoGuan (China), Tsinghua (China), Jindal Global (India), University of Hong Kong, Singapore Management University, Stockholm University (Sweden), Monash (Australia), Sydney (Australia), Sciences Po (France), Seoul (South Korea), Lucern (Switzerland), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Bocconi (Italy) and Madrid (Spain).


title: Tel Aviv University

text: The Coller School of Management has exchange agreements with over 100 overseas universities. The Coller Exchange Program is open to MBA/MSc/MA students and qualified professionals. The school offers a wide variety of courses for its visiting students in strategy, entrepreneurship, finance-accounting, marketing, organizational behavior, decisions and operations research, technology and information systems. The program also offers courses from other TAU schools on Israeli Culture, History, Economics and more.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In 2013, Tel Aviv University and Ruppin Academic Center jointly created a study center at the Mediterranean Sea, where students will undertake advanced studies of issues impacting the coastal environment and its resources.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: In Germany, Tel Aviv University cooperates with the Goethe-University in Frankfurt/Main. Both cities are linked by a long-lasting partnership agreement.


title: Tel Aviv University

text: Tel Aviv University has long held significant ties to the Sackler family as evidenced by several schools and many endowed chairs being in their honor. As more has become known of the role of members of the Sackler family in the global opioid crisis, many including the Israeli Medical Association have called for the removal of the Sackler name from the Faculty of Medicine. As of November 2021, no members of the Sackler family served on the university's board of governors.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: Charvarius Ward (born May 16, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Middle Tennessee.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: Ward only had three years of high school at McComb High School. He went from being a freshman to a junior in high school. As a senior, he tallied 48 tackles, one interception and received All-region honors.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: He enrolled at Hinds Community College. As a freshman, he collected 32 tackles, 3 interceptions, 5 passes defended and one forced fumble. As a sophomore, he recorded 32 tackles, one interception, 2 passes defended and one blocked kick.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: He transferred to Middle Tennessee State University for his junior season, appearing in 12 games with 2 starts, while making 26 tackles, 2 interceptions, 5 passes defended, one quarterback hurry and one fumble recovery. As a senior, he played in 13 games with 8 starts, posting 48 tackles (sixth on the team), 3 tackles for loss, one sack and led the team with 14 passes defended.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: Ward did not receive an invitation to attend the NFL Combine. On January 20, 2018, Ward played the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl. On March 12, 2018, Ward attended Middle Tennessee State's pro day and performed all of the combine and positional drills. He had a stellar performance at his pro day which greatly elevated his draft stock. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Ward was ranked as the 46th best cornerback prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: On April 30, 2018, the Dallas Cowboys signed Ward to a three-year, $1.71 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $5,000.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: Throughout training camp, Ward competed to be the fifth cornerback on the active roster against Marquez White, Duke Thomas, and Donovan Olumba.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: On August 30, 2018, the Kansas City Chiefs traded offensive guard Parker Ehinger to the Dallas Cowboys in exchange for Ward to provide needed depth for their offensive line. Head coach Andy Reid named Ward the fifth backup cornerback on the active roster to begin the regular season, behind Steven Nelson, Kendall Fuller, Orlando Scandrick, and Tremon Smith.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: On October 1, 2018, Ward made his professional regular season debut and recorded three combined tackles during a 27–23 victory at the Denver Broncos in Week 3. On December 23, 2018, Ward earned his first career start after Kendall Fuller was ruled inactive due to a thumb injury. He recorded eight combined tackles and deflected a pass as the Chiefs lost 38–31 at the Seattle Seahawks in Week 16. Ward finished his rookie season in 2018 with 30 combined tackles (26 solo) and three pass deflections in 13 games and two starts.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: The Kansas City Chiefs finished first in the AFC West with a 12–4 record and earned a first round bye. On January 12, 2019, Ward started in his first career playoff game and recorded four combined tackles and deflected four passes during a 31–13 win against the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC Divisional Round. The following week, he collected seven combined tackles in the Chiefs' 37–31 loss against the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game. With 54 seconds remaining in the game, Ward caught what would've been the game-ending interception to send the Chiefs to Super Bowl LIII, but the play did not stand due to a penalty.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: Ward competed against Bashaud Breeland to be a starting cornerback. Head coach Andy Reid named Ward and Bashaud Breeland the starting cornerbacks to begin the regular season in 2019. On September 15, 2019, Ward made four combined tackles, two pass deflections, and made his first career interception during a 28–10 win at the Oakland Raiders in Week 2. Ward intercepted a pass by Derek Carr, that was originally intended for wide receiver Ryan Grant, and returned it for a ten-yard gain during the third quarter. Ward then made his second interception against the Houston Texans, by snagging a one handed interception over DeAndre Hopkins. Ward helped the Chiefs reach Super Bowl LIV where they defeated the San Francisco 49ers by a score of 31–20. Ward recorded four tackles in the game.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: In Week 7 against the Denver Broncos, Ward recorded a team high nine tackles and sacked Drew Lock once during the 43–16 win. Overall, Ward finished the 2020 season with 51 total tackles, one sack, and six passes defended.


title: Charvarius Ward

text: The Chiefs placed a second-round restricted free agent tender on Ward on March 17, 2021. He signed the one-year contract on June 10. He was placed on the Reserve/COVID-19 list on December 20, 2021. He was activated off on December 23, 2021.


title: Janapada

text: The Janapadas () (c. 1500–600 BCE) were the realms, republics (ganapada) and kingdoms (saamarajya) of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent. The Vedic period reaches from the late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500 BCE to the 6th century BCE. With the rise of sixteen "Mahajanapadas" ("great janapadas"), most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.


title: Janapada

text: The Sanskrit term "janapada" is a tatpurusha compound term, composed of two words: "janas" and "pada". "Jana" means "people" or "subject" (cf. Latin cognate "genus", English cognate "kin"). The word "pada" means "foot" (cf. Latin cognate "pedis"); from its earliest attestation, the word has had a double meaning of "realm, territory" and "subject population" (cf. Hittite "pedan", "place"). Linguist George Dunkel compares the Greek "andrapodon" "slave", to PIE "fetters" (i.e. "what is attached to the feet"). Sanskrit "padám", usually taken to mean "footprint, trail", diverges in accent from the PIE reconstruction.


title: Janapada

text: For the sense of "population of the land", "padasya janas", the inverted "padajana" would be expected. A primary meaning of "place of the people", "janasya padam", would not explain why the compound is of masculine gender. An original dvandva "land and people" is conceivable, but a dual inflection would be expected.


title: Janapada

text: Literary evidence suggests that the janapadas flourished between 1500 BCE and 500 BCE. The earliest mention of the term "janapada" occurs in the Aitareya (8.14.4) and Shatapatha (13.4.2.17) Brahmana texts.


title: Janapada

text: In the Vedic samhitas, the term "jana" denotes a tribe, whose members believed in a shared ancestry. The janas were headed by a king. The "samiti" was a common assembly of the jana members, and had the power to elect or dethrone the king. The "sabha" was a smaller assembly of wise elders, who advised the king.


title: Janapada

text: The janas were originally semi-nomadic pastoral communities, but gradually came to be associated with specific territories as they became less mobile. Various "kula"s (clans) developed within the jana, each with its own chief. Gradually, the necessities of defence and warfare prompted the janas to form military groupings headed by "janapadin"s (Kshatriya warriors). This model ultimately evolved into the establishment of political units known as the janapadas.


title: Janapada

text: While some of the janas evolved into their own janapadas, others appear to have mixed together to form a common Janapada. According to the political scientist Sudama Misra, the name of the Panchala janapada suggests that it was a fusion of five ("pancha") janas. Some janas (such as Aja and Mutiba) mentioned in the earliest texts do not find a mention in the later texts. Misra theorizes that these smaller janas were conquered by and assimilated into the larger janas.


title: Janapada

text: Janapadas were gradually dissolved around 500 BCE. Their disestablishment can be attributed to the rise of imperial powers (such as Magadha) in Northern India, as well as foreign invasions (such as those by the Persians and the Greeks) in the north-western South Asia.


title: Janapada

text: The Janapada were highest political unit in Northern India during this period; these polities were usually monarchical (though some followed a form republicanism) and succession was hereditary. The head of a kingdom was called a (rajan) or king. A chief (purohita) or priest and a (senani) or commander of the army who would assist the king. There were also two other political bodies: the (sabha), thought to be a council of elders and the (samiti), a general assembly of the entire people.


title: Janapada

text: Often rivers formed the boundaries of two neighboring kingdoms, as was the case between the northern and southern Panchala and between the western (Pandava's Kingdom) and eastern (Kaurava's Kingdom) Kuru. Sometimes, large forests, which were larger than the kingdoms themselves, formed their boundaries as was the case of Naimisha Forest, the NaimishaAranyam between Panchala and Kosala kingdoms. Mountain ranges like Himalaya, Vindhyachal and Sahyadri also formed their boundaries.


title: Janapada

text: Some kingdoms possessed a main city that served as its capital. For example, the capital of Pandava's Kingdom was Indraprastha and the Kaurava's Kingdom was Hastinapura. Ahichatra was the capital of Northern Panchala whereas Kampilya was the capital of Southern Panchala. Kosala Kingdom had its capital at Ayodhya. Apart from the main city or capital, where the palace of the ruling king was situated, there were small towns and villages spread throughout the kingdom, from which tax was collected by officers appointed by the king. What the king offered in return was protection from attack by other kings and robber tribes, as well as from invading foreign nomadic tribes. The king also enforced law and order in his kingdom by punishing the guilty.


title: Janapada

text: The Janapadas had Kshatriya rulers. Based on literary references, historians have theorized that the Janapadas were administered by the following assemblies in addition to the king:


title: Janapada

text: Some historians have also theorized that there was a common assembly called the "Paura-Janapada", but others such as Ram Sharan Sharma disagree with this theory. The existence of Paura and Janapada itself is a controversial matter.


title: Janapada

text: Indian nationalist historians such as K. P. Jayaswal have argued that the existence of such assemblies is evidence of prevalence of democracy in ancient India. V. B. Misra notes that the contemporary society was divided into the four varnas (besides the outcastes), and the Kshatriya ruling class had all the political rights. Not all the citizens in a janapada had political rights. Based on "Gautama's Dharmasutra", Jayaswal theorized that the low-caste shudras could be members of the Paura assembly. According to A. S. Altekar, this theory is based on a misunderstanding of the text: the term "Paura" in the relevant portion of the "Dharmasutra" refers to a resident of the city, not a member of the city assembly. Jayaswal also argued that the members of the supposed Paura-Janapada assembly acted as counselors to the king, and made other important decisions such as imposing taxes in times of emergency. Once again, Altekar argued that these conclusions are based on misinterpretations of the literary evidence. For example, Jayaswal has wrongly translated the word "amantra" in a "Ramayana" verse as "to offer advice"; it actually means "to bid farewell" in proper context.


title: Janapada

text: There was no border security for a kingdom and border disputes were very rare. One king might conduct a military campaign (often designated as "Digvijaya" meaning "victory over all the directions") and defeat another king in a battle, lasting for a day. The defeated king would acknowledge the supremacy of the victorious king. The defeated king might sometimes be asked to give a tribute to the victorious king. Such tribute would be collected only once, not on a periodic basis. The defeated king, in most cases, would be free to rule his own kingdom, without maintaining any contact with the victorious king. There was no annexation of one kingdom by another. Often a military general conducted these campaigns on behalf of his king. A military campaign and tribute collection was often associated with a great sacrifice (like Rajasuya or Ashvamedha) conducted in the kingdom of the campaigning king. The defeated king also was invited to attend these sacrifice ceremonies, as a friend and ally.


title: Janapada

text: New kingdoms were formed when a major clan produced more than one King in a generation. The Kuru clan of Kings was very successful in governing throughout North India with their numerous kingdoms, which were formed after each successive generation. Similarly, the Yadava clan of kings formed numerous kingdoms in Central India.


title: Janapada

text: Parts of western India were dominated by tribes who had a slightly different culture, considered non-Vedic by the mainstream Vedic culture prevailing in the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms. Similarly, there were some tribes in the eastern regions of India considered to be in this category. Tribes with non-Vedic culture — especially those of barbaric nature — were collectively termed as "Mleccha". Very little was mentioned in the ancient Indian literature about the kingdoms to the North, beyond the Himalayas. China was mentioned as a kingdom known as Cina, often grouped with "Mleccha" kingdoms.


title: Janapada

text: According to research by political scientist Sudama Misra, the Puranic texts mention the following "janapada"s:


title: Janapada

text: The "Bhishma Parva" of the "Mahabharata" mentions around 230 janapadas, while the "Ramayana" mentions only a few of these. Unlike the Puranas, the "Mahabharata" does not specify any geographical divisions of ancient India, but does support the classification of certain janapadas as southern or northern.


title: Janapada

text: The Buddhist canonical texts - "Anguttara Nikaya", "Digha Nikaya", "Chulla-Niddesa", although with some differences between them, primarily refer to the following 16 mahajanapadas ("great janapadas"):


title: Janapada

text: The Jain text "Vyākhyāprajñapti" or "Bhagavati Sutra" also mentions 16 important janapadas, but many names differ from the ones mentioned in the Buddhist texts.


title: Try This

text: Try This is the third studio album by American singer Pink, released on November 11, 2003, by Arista Records. Wanting to expand more on the rock sound, which she explored on her previous record, "Missundaztood", for "Try This" Pink collaborated with punk band Rancid's singer and guitarist Tim Armstrong, and reunited with Linda Perry, who produced most of the "Missundaztood" album. As a result of this collaboration, "Try This" is a rock and roll, pop-punk and pop record, with lyrics exploring such themes as love, separation, fun.


title: Try This

text: "Try This" received generally favorable reviews from music critics. However, retrospectively Pink herself expressed dissatisfaction with the record. She said that she was unhappy with the way the label wanted her to make an album after the success of "M!ssundaztood". Commercially, the album reached top ten in thirteen countries, including US "Billboard" 200, where it peaked at number nine, UK, where it reached number three, and Canada, where "Try This" peaked at number eight. It was certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA for shipments of over one million copies.


title: Try This

text: Three singles were released from the record. The lead single, "Trouble", reached top ten in Australia, Canada, UK, and many European countries. Single earned Pink her second Grammy Award, for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance on 2004 show. "God Is a DJ" and "Last to Know", second and third singles respectively, were moderately successful in European charts. However, all of the album singles failed to reach success in US. Some of the album editions also includes single "Feel Good Time" from soundtrack for the movie "." Pink supported the album with the Try This Tour in 2004 across Europe and Australia. The live recording of the Manchester show was released in 2006, titled as "".


title: Try This

text: After the success of "Missundaztood" (2001) and its accompanying worldwide "Party Tour", Pink began work on her third studio album. Wanting to expand more on the rock sound she explored with "Missundaztood", Pink sought out producers and writers that had experience within the genre. Most of the tracks on "Try This" were produced and co-written by punk band Rancid singer and guitarist Tim Armstrong, whom Pink met through a mutual friend at a Transplants video shoot. The two hit it off and Pink ended up co-writing ten songs with him in a week when Transplants were on a tour with the Foo Fighters. Eight of these tracks appeared on "Try This", which also features three songs written with Linda Perry, who co-wrote much of "Missundaztood", Pink's second album. The album includes a collaboration with electroclash artist Peaches, "Oh My God", and Pink's contribution to the "" film soundtrack, "Feel Good Time" (produced by and featuring William Orbit), as a non-U.S. bonus track.


title: Try This

text: "Try This" was Pink's final studio album under Arista Records. In 2006, Pink said that she was unhappy with the way the label wanted her to make an album after the success of "M!ssundaztood". "I was kind of rebelling against the label on that one," she said. "I was going: 'You want a record? Fine, I'll write 10 songs in a week for your fuckin' record and you can press it up and put it out.'" She described the promotional campaign for the album as "an awful time. I was walking out of half my interviews crying. I just felt they were putting a quarter in the slot to watch the monkey dance." "Try This" is Pink's first album to carry a Parental Advisory warning, and therefore her first album released alongside an edited version. The font used throughout the album's artwork is the same that was used for then label-mates Ace of Base's "Cruel Summer" single.


title: Try This

text: Musically, "Try This" is a pop/rock & roll album, which incorporates elements of punk rock ("Trouble"), R&B ("Catch Me While I'm Sleeping", "Love Song"), new wave and disco ("Humble Neighborhoods").


title: Try This

text: The album received almost entirely positive reviews from critics with an average Metacritic rating of 71, indicating generally positive reviews. However, there were some negative reviews, with "New York" magazine stating "Pink pitches a brand of seriousness that is pure Lifetime-TV mawkishness", and "The Guardian" commented that "Like a lot of pop at the moment, it just sounds like a wan imitation of Pink's second album". "Entertainment Weekly" gave the album a positive review and called it "A hooky, engaging throwaway that expands Pink's range while holding on fiercely to her irascible inner child."


title: Try This

text: "Try This" debuted at number nine on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 with first-week sales of 147,000 copies, a weaker debut than that of "Missundaztood". The album also reached the top ten on album charts in the UK, Canada and Australia. As of March 2007, it had sold 719,000 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan. "Try This" re-entered the Australian album chart in June 2009.


title: Try This

text: The album's first single, "Trouble", a song Armstrong original wrote for his band Rancid in 2003, reached number two in Canada and the top ten in the UK and Australia, but it peaked only at number 68 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2003, "Catch Me While I'm Sleeping" was issued as a promotional single in the U.S.; in the same period, a promo CD-R acetate of "Humble Neighborhoods" was made available in the UK. Follow-up single "God Is a DJ" failed to chart on the Hot 100, although it reached number 11 in the UK. A third single, "Last to Know", was released exclusively in Europe and peaked at 21 in the UK.


title: Try This

text: Pink embarked on the Try This Tour in Europe during 2004, and a DVD chronicling the tour was released in 2006. "Trouble" was used in the films "White Chicks" (2004), "" (2004) and "" (2005) as well as the first theatrical trailer for "Tangled", and "God Is a DJ" was featured in the film "Mean Girls" (2004).


title: Jerry Jewell

text: Jerry Jewell is an American voice actor and voice director who works on anime series for Funimation and OkraTron 5000. He has performed the voices for several anime roles and is noted for his roles as Kyo Sohma in the "Fruits Basket" series, ace detective Jimmy Kudo in "Case Closed", Caesar Clown in "One Piece", Barry the Chopper in the "Fullmetal Alchemist" series, in "Hetalia", Lyon Vastia in "Fairy Tail", Viktor Nikiforov in "Yuri!! on Ice", Kusuo Saiki in "The Disastrous Life of Saiki K." and Natsuno Yuki in "Shiki". Jewell became a full-time ADR director for Funimation in 2013.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: Jalen Tyrese Johnson (born December 18, 2001) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils. He was a consensus five-star recruit and one of the best small forwards in the 2020 class. Johnson finished his high school career at Nicolet High School in Glendale, Wisconsin.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: Johnson played his first two years of high school basketball for Sun Prairie High School in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. He played under former head coach Jeff Boos. As a freshman in 2016–17, Johnson averaged 15.2 points, 6.2 rebounds, 2.1 assists, 1.2 steals, and 1.1 blocks to help his team to a 20–4 record. They were upset in the Regional Finals by Madison East High School. As a sophomore in 2017–18, Johnson averaged 18.4 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.0 assists, 1.9 steals, and 1.5 blocks to help his team to a 25–2 record. He led the Cardinals to their first state tournament Division 1 semifinals appearance.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: After his sophomore year he transferred to Nicolet High School in Glendale, Wisconsin. Johnson helped lead Nicolet to the Division 2 State Championship. He was named the Associated Press Player of the Year for Wisconsin. In 2019, Johnson transferred to IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida for his senior year. On January 5, 2020, he left IMG Academy, before returning to Nicolet, though not necessarily to play basketball. He was ruled eligible on February 8 to play the remainder of the season for Nicolet after never playing in a game for IMG. As a senior, Johnson averaged 24.6 points, 10.9 rebounds and 4.8 assists in 9 games. He was selected to play in the Jordan Brand Classic, which was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: Johnson was rated as a five-star recruit and the No.13 overall recruit in the 2020 high school class.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: On July 4, 2019, Johnson committed to play college basketball at Duke University over offers from Arizona, Kentucky, and Wisconsin.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: The Duke team entered the season in the top 10, and Johnson was its most highly rated player. In his first game, Johnson had 19 points and 19 rebounds against Coppin State. On November 30, 2020, Johnson earned ACC Freshman of the week honors. On January 26, 2021, Johnson scored 18 points and 6 rebounds in a 75–68 win over Georgia Tech.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: On February 15, 2021, Johnson announced that he would forgo the remainder of the Duke season to prepare for the 2021 NBA draft. Leaving in the midst of a college season raised many questions, but Johnson explained that the decision was in the best interest of his family and himself.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: During his 13 games as a Blue Devil, Johnson averaged 11.2 points, 6.2 rebounds, and 2.0 assists per game.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: Duke season ended its season with 13 wins and 11 losses. They finished 10th in the ACC with a 9-9 record. The 2020-21 Duke team missed the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1995.


title: Jalen Johnson

text: On July 29, 2021, Johnson was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the 20th pick in the 2021 NBA Draft. On August 4, 2021, he signed with the Hawks. Johnson was assigned to the Hawks' NBA G League affiliate, the College Park Skyhawks, for the G League season opener. After the season ended, he underwent a non-surgical left knee procedure.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Brooke Dyan Candy (born July 20, 1989) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and tattoo artist. Raised in the suburbs of Los Angeles, daughter of Tom Candy, former CFO of "Hustler Magazine", Brooke rose to prominence after starring in Grimes' music video for "Genesis" (2012). Following its success, Candy's status in the underground scene rose as she began to release her own material: "Das Me" (2012), "Everybody Does" (2013), and "I Wanna Fuck Right Now" (2013). In 2014, she signed with RCA and released her debut major label single, "Opulence", with an accompanying EP of the same name on May 6, 2014. Later, she joined Columbia's UK roster. Both are divisions of Sony Music.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's debut album, "Daddy Issues", was originally intended for a 2015 release but saw a series of delays. Following a slew of pop-driven singles, including the moderately-successful "Living Out Loud" (2017), Candy left the labels in 2017. Throughout 2017 and 2018, she toured alongside Charli XCX and Lizzo, also headlining her own tour, the Tie Me Up Tour (2018), in Asia. Candy released her first full-length album, "Sexorcism", in 2019.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Brooke Candy was born in Oxnard, California, grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of Agoura Hills and is of Italian and Jewish descent. Her parents divorced when she was eight. Her mother was a pediatric nurse.


title: Brooke Candy

text: She lived out of her car for a period, working as a stripper at the Seventh Veil adult club in Hollywood. While working as an intern for Rachel Zoe, Candy contacted Larry Flynt, seeking work as a photographer for "Hustler". Flynt eventually employed her as a mannequin stylist for Hustler store fronts. Candy described the job as "dress[ing] the mannequins slutty."


title: Brooke Candy

text: During 2012 and 2013, Candy independently released her first three videos for her songs; "Das Me", "Everybody Does", and "I Wanna Fuck Right Now" on YouTube. The videos had more than a million views by early 2013. In August 2012, she co-starred in the music video for Grimes' single "Genesis". Candy's first major label recording took place when she appeared on the track "Cloud Aura" on Charli XCX's debut album "True Romance". Candy was introduced to Charli by Azealia Banks when Candy hosted Banks' Mermaid Ball in Los Angeles.


title: Brooke Candy

text: In late 2013, Candy caught singer and songwriter Sia's attention, and was contacted via Instagram with the purpose of writing one song for her. Sia eventually ended up executive producing Candy's debut EP, helping her to get a record contract and to find, in Sia's words: "[a] decent, nice, honest management, and [to] help [her] make the art [she] want to make from a place of positive mental health and love".


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy eventually signed with RCA Records in February 2014. "Opulence", co-written with Sia and produced by Diplo, was her first single with the label. The first single was performed on April 3, 2014, at Nicola Formichetti's debut Diesel fashion show on Venice. It was later released on April 22, 2014, as digital download along the premiere of its official music video directed by Steven Klein and styled by Formichetti. The video explores the theme of "freaks," a concept that was conceived by Candy and Formichetti at a drag bar in Tokyo. It features transgender women, drag queens, and gay men who are friends with Candy. "We're all freaks and outcasts, and this was meant to empower them," Candy said. Formichetti, Candy and Klein worked on a V Magazine shoot that led to Steven Klein directing "Opulence".


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's debut EP "Opulence" featuring the title track as the lead single, was released on May 6, 2014. The EP was generally praised by critics. Kevin Apaza from Direct Lyrics described it as "five songs featuring hard-hitting synths, fierce and risqué lyrics, and a swagger by Brooke that can’t be duplicated. She’s making us excited about female rappers again. There just have to be more options than Nicki or Iggy!". Ashley Emma NG from Best Fan also praised the project saying ""Opulence" brings a fresh sound that is all Brook[e] Candy. Some may not understand her lascivious and unconventional attitude, but you can’t help but respect her hustle. Her confidence is indestructible, and not once does it come off as cocky."


title: Brooke Candy

text: On May 16, 2015, Brooke Candy uploaded on Vevo a video called "A Study in Duality", where she "explores the various archetypes of today's culture". It also features the instrumental from her song "Happy Days", which was produced by More Mega and released later in the year. The video itself was directed by Candy and Lil Internet, under Formichetti's fashion direction and Hayley Pisaturo's styling.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's debut album was set to be called "Daddy Issues", being executively produced by then label-mate Sia, who was also a songwriter on the record. Sia stated that "[she] was the only person who could really support [Candy] in becoming who [she is] on a grander stage or platform.". At that time, Sia had written at least two songs for the album, one being the then-upcoming single "Living Out Loud" which features Sia herself, and another Cher-inspired record. Other collaborators included Greg Kurstin, Jack Antonoff and Matthew Koma.


title: Brooke Candy

text: In August 2015, Brooke Candy partnered with MAC Cosmetics on a line of makeup products. A song called "Rubber Band Stacks" was released as a single. The music video, directed by Cody Critcheloe and styled by Formichetti was premiered on August 17. It was released on August 13, 2015, followed by its music video on August 18. The song is featured on the Madden NFL 16 video game.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy announced the release of her single "Happy Days" on January 25, 2016, by releasing footage of its music video through her Instagram account.


title: Brooke Candy

text: On January 29, 2016, Brooke Candy released the new single. The song noticeably marked a shift from Candy's previous material, as she began to develop a more pop-friendly sound described as "gloomy electro-pop". Candy stated about her new musical direction: "In recent past I’ve found myself undergoing endless transformations through emotional states of being and it is reflected through changing vocal styles and aesthetic approaches… I am exploring sounds that are bit more polished and digestible." She also talked about the lyrics's meaning on an interview with i-D saying: "This song addresses the struggle I've had looking for "happy days" in every possible easy way, only to find out that you can't short cut the constantly on-going process of finding your version of happiness." "Happy Days" received mainly a positive response from music critics. Megan Williams form IDOL Magazine praised the song's "sincere lyrics and catchy hook". She also remarked how Candy managed to keep her natural attitude despite the musical shift compared to her early material. Mike Wass from Idolator gave a positive review, noting its accessibility compared to Candy's past material as well as its relatable chorus. "Popjustice" staff considered that the song was set to make Candy "an unexpected 2016-slaying pop superstar". On February 4, 2016, its video, also styled by Formichetti and directed by Renata Raksha, premiered on Nylon, and later was uploaded on YouTube. On May 13 she released a song titled "Changes" to promote her second makeup line with MAC. On June 2 a new track called "Nasty" along its music video, directed by Rankin and co-styled by Candy herself was premiered via Hunger TV. On July 7, another single called "Paper or Plastic" was released The song received mixed reviews, with many commenting on how the song was unlike her previous material, as Candy does not rap during the song and instead sings the verses. Mike Wass of Idolator felt that Candy was making a conscious move away from "the twisted white-girl rap" present in her past songs "Opulence" and "I Wanna Fuck Right Now". Wass also called the track "unusually restrained" for the artist. When responding to criticism regarding her change in musical style, Candy stated: "[W]hatever I have to do [to] garner a larger, broader audience to spread my message on a larger scale, I stand for women, I stand for freedom. For love and self-preservation." The music video for the song, directed by Darren Craig, premiered a week later.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy released on December 16, 2016, a KDA remix of the previously unreleased song "Living Out Loud", which featured Sia. The original and proper single version of the song was released on February 3, 2017.


title: Brooke Candy

text: About the creative process and the song's creation, Candy stated: "Sia took the reins writing it over two and a half years ago, and I recorded it then. We’ve mixed and remixed it, and we waited for the right moment [to release it]. I like the sonic composition of it, and it’s interesting having me and Sia sing back and forth to each other. At the time I was getting sober, thinking about changing my lifestyle, finding happiness… So it resonated with me because I was looking for that." The same day the song was released RCA stated that the album was set for a spring 2017 release.


title: Brooke Candy

text: In 2017, the release for "Daddy Issues" was canceled after Candy left RCA. In January of the same year, Candy starred in the fashion film directed by Gracie Otto and Thomas Kerr called "Candy Crush". During June 2017, she toured as a supporting act for Lizzo and performed at LA Pride. The same month, Candy spoke freely to "Bullett" magazine about her experience with RCA Records, stating: "I feel like I’ve been in a weird "Matrix" glitch for the past three or four years, but I’m finally out of it—back at square one, but way healthier." Also saying: "I never particularly wanted to make mainstream pop music—it just seemed like a great opportunity and a really cool way for me to build a fucking massive platform to spread a conscious, positive message to young girls and the queer community. But I think I have a better chance of doing that if I just stay true to what I’m good at—making raw and authentic rap music, and just being myself."


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy also confirmed that she was working on an EP set to be released during summer of 2017. In another interview with Noisey, she stated that Sony owned the songs so after her departure, the album was ultimately cancelled and the EP would be all new original songs. She premiered the music video for her single "Volcano" on July 7, 2017. The song was co-written by Candy herself, producer Cory Enemy, Sia, and Jesse Saint John.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy released "For Free" as a Germany-only promotional single on March 14, 2018. It was featured on the Germany's Next Topmodel "Hip-Hop Edition" episode, where Candy made an appearance and a music video filming took place. Then, a single called "War", written by Candy with Jesse Saint John, MNDR, Peter Wade, Will Ivy and Dave Sharma came out on May 18, 2018, along its lyric video, directed by Korean artist MLMA. The follow-up "My Sex" featuring Pussy Riot, MNDR and Mykki Blanco was released on August 17, 2018, along its animated music video, directed by Swedish artist Pastelae and made in collaboration with ManyVids. The song was co-written by Charli XCX and also produced by MNDR and Wade, with additional production by Trapchat. She also teamed up with Pornhub directing an erotic film called "I Love You", which was released on August 29, 2018.


title: Brooke Candy

text: On November 7, 2018, Candy stated that releasing a first full-length album was still a possibility. "Because of my experience with Sony, I must have made like 60 songs and they just never let me put any of them out. I had a full album ready to go and that kind of burnt me a little bit and put a bad taste in my mouth. I questioned my music and my art for a while and just stopped making it completely," Candy explained. "I'll release the next couple of songs but I'm planning an album and it's in the works. I don't want to jump ahead and say things because if things don't happen like, godammit!" On November 16, a new single called "Nuts" featuring American songwriter and rapper Lil Aaron was released. The song was written along frequent collaborator Jesse Saint John and Sarah Hudson. On December 12, 2018, she released a joint single along production duo Ojivolta called "Oomph". The music video, directed by Candy herself, debuted the same day. On December 25, 2018; she released a collection of unreleased tracks for free download. It included a demo of Candy's 2017 single "Volcano" as well as collaborations with SOPHIE, Lakewet, Cory Enemy and Count Mack among others. Following a promotional tour in Asia, a Takahiro Nishikawa-directed tour documentary, "Tokyo Tour Diary", was premiered via Noisey on January 4, 2019.


title: Brooke Candy

text: On January 10, 2019, Candy confirmed that she just had finished her debut album. She recorded it in London with English producer, singer and songwriter Oscar Scheller along with London-based American rapper Ashnikko. Candy spoke on her time alongside the pair: "Ashnikko is basically a savant! We agreed she would help with an EP if I helped with a music video, but we had three tracks done in a day… within four days we had twelve strong, cohesive songs!" On February 28, Candy confirmed that the album was titled "Sexorcism" and that the first promotional single was called "Happy", which was released on March 29, 2019 along its official music video directed by Rankin. The track lyrically deals with themes such as mental health and identity and has been described as "some of [Candy's] most personal work to date". "Paper Magazine" stated that Candy "takes you through the motions of battling mental health and finding that there's pleasure in the pain."


title: Brooke Candy

text: "Sexorcism" was stated for a tentative September 2019 release via Sega Bodega's imprint NUXXE. The second single "XXXTC" featuring Charli XCX and Maliibu Miitch was released on July 2, 2019 while its music video directed by Luke Abby and Dejan Jovanović premiered on July 23. Preceded by two more singles "Drip" featuring Erika Jayne and "FMU" featuring Rico Nasty, "Sexorcism" was released on October 25, 2019. Candy embarked on the "Sexorcism Tour" to promote the album. Music videos for "Nymph" and "Cum" were also released.


title: Brooke Candy

text: In November 2021 she stated in an interview with Inked that she started tattooing during the pandemic and has since become a tattoo artist. Candy also revealed that she had been working in her second studio album in London, which she described as "more pop and digestible". She announced in May 2022 that her second studio album is finished and would be released by NUXXE later in Summer 2022. With the working title "Freaky Princess", its lead single "Flip Phone" was released September 9, 2022 along a self-directed music video produced by the magazine Paper along Korean sunglasses brand Gentle Monster.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's music has been described as electropop and pop-rap while her early work, labeled as "club-rap", has been recognized for its twerk-able nature, springy beats, and cyberpunk.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's early persona is known for her extreme fashion style, most notably her long cornrows and metallic bikini costumes. Sia described Candy as a "feminista glam alien". Vogue profiled Candy in July, 2014, saying "For all her shape-shifting, perhaps it's helpful to think of Brooke Candy as a tabula rasa whose videos, concerts, and everyday appearances each necessitate a different character. Together, they make her a fashion plate palimpsest."


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's fashion has been described as a distinctive stripper-meets-Tumblr aesthetic. She often collaborates with fashion designer Seth Pratt. Following trends in stan culture, Candy has nicknamed her fanbase #FagMob.


title: Brooke Candy

text: "Vice" blogger Ali Carman asked Candy, in an interview, if she was offended that her internet persona was considered fake. Candy replied: "My persona is a reality to me, you know. Like I would never rap and act hood if it wasn't actually my mentality and I wouldn't perform in a super-sexual way if being a stripper wasn't the way I made money." MTV called Candy's look "super hardcore", a "breath of fresh, fearless air", and a prayer answered by the pop goddesses. Calling her the "Freaky Princess", "The Guardian" journalist Michael Cragg agreed with the stripper-turned-rapper's alias, comparing her to Xena, the Warrior Princess.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy is openly pansexual, and has cited Lil' Kim as an inspiration for her rapping technique and irreverent image. She also expresses strong feminist ideals. Candy has several tattoos, including the name "Gotti" tattooed on the inside of her forearm in honor of John Gotti, after whom she has also named her puppy. She is an adamant and vocal proponent of the legalization of sex work and legality of recreational use of marijuana.


title: Brooke Candy

text: Candy's image is highly sexualized. "They told me not to make something so sexual", she told "New York" writer Christopher Glazek, recalling a conversation she had with her record executives about the music video for her song "I Wanna Fuck Right Now", whose refrain is: "I wanna fuck right now / I wanna fuck right now now".


Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005) is Malcolm Gladwell's second book. It presents in popular science format research from psychology and behavioral economics on the adaptive unconscious: mental processes that work rapidly and automatically from relatively little information. It considers both the strengths of the adaptive unconscious, for example in expert judgment, and its pitfalls, such as prejudice and stereotypes.


title: Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking

text: The author describes the main subject of his book as "thin-slicing": our ability to use limited information from a very narrow period of experience to come to a conclusion. This idea suggests that spontaneous decisions are often as good as—or even better than—carefully planned and considered ones. To reinforce his ideas, Gladwell draws from a wide range of examples from science and medicine (including malpractice suits), sales and advertising, gambling, speed dating (and predicting divorce), tennis, military war games, and movies and popular music. Gladwell also uses many examples of regular people's experiences with "thin-slicing," including our instinctive ability to mind-read, which is how we can get to know a person's emotions just by looking at his or her face.


text: Gladwell explains how an expert's ability to "thin slice" can be corrupted by their likes and dislikes, prejudices, and stereotypes (even unconscious ones). A particular form of unconscious bias Gladwell discusses is psychological priming. He also discusses the implicit-association test, designed to measure the strength of a person's subconscious associations/bias.


text: Gladwell also mentions that sometimes having too much information can interfere with the accuracy of a judgment, or a doctor's diagnosis. In what Gladwell contends is an age of information overload, he finds that experts often make better decisions with snap judgments than they do with volumes of analysis. This is commonly called "Analysis paralysis." The challenge is to sift through and focus on only the most critical information. The other information may be irrelevant and confusing. Collecting more information, in most cases, may reinforce our judgment but does not help make it more accurate. Gladwell explains that better judgments can be executed from simplicity and frugality of information. If the big picture is clear enough to decide, then decide from this without using a magnifying glass.


text: The book argues that intuitive judgment is developed by experience, training, and knowledge. For example, Gladwell claims that prejudice can operate at an intuitive unconscious level, even in individuals whose conscious attitudes are not prejudiced. One example is the halo effect, where a person having a salient positive quality is thought to be superior in other, unrelated respects. The example used in the book is Warren G. Harding. Henry Daugherty was impressed by Harding's appearance of respectability, and helped him become president of the United States of America, though Harding did nothing extraordinary for his political career.


text: Gladwell uses the 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo, where four New York policemen shot an innocent man on his doorstep 41 times, as another example of how rapid, intuitive judgment can have disastrous effects.


text: The book begins with the story of the Getty kouros, which was a statue brought to the J. Paul Getty Museum in California. It was thought by many experts to be legitimate, but when others first looked at it, their initial responses were skeptical. For example, George Despinis, head of the Acropolis Museum in Athens, said "Anyone who has ever seen a sculpture coming out of the ground could tell that that thing has never been in the ground". Gradually, the argument for the legitimacy of the kouros' provenance fell apart. The letters tracing its history turned out to be fakes, referencing postal codes and bank accounts that did not exist until after the letters were supposedly written. However, experts to this day are unsure whether the kouros is authentic or not. The museum notes that "anomalies of the Getty kouros may be due more to our limited knowledge of Greek sculpture in this period rather than to mistakes on the part of a forger."


text: John Gottman is a researcher on marital relationships whose work is explored in "Blink". After analyzing a normal conversation between a husband and wife for an hour, Gottman can predict whether that couple will be married in 15 years with 95% accuracy. If he analyzes them for 15 minutes, his accuracy is around 90%. But if he analyses them for only three minutes, he can still predict with high accuracy who will get divorced and who will make it. This is one example of when "thin slicing" works.


text: The studies of Paul Ekman, a psychologist who created the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), indicates that a lot of "thin slicing" can be done within seconds by unconsciously analyzing a person's fleeting look called a microexpression. Ekman claims that the face is a rich source of what is going on inside our mind and although many facial expressions can be made voluntarily, our faces are also dictated by an involuntary system that automatically expresses our emotions. One example of how movements of the face result in emotions is shown in an experiment from Paul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen and Robert Levenson. They asked their test subjects to remember negative or burdening experiences. Another group was asked only to make faces that resembled negative feelings like anger, sadness and the like. Both groups were connected to sensors which measured their physiological reactions (pulse and body temperature). Interestingly the latter group showed the same physical reactions as the first group.


text: In a study done by Fritz Strack and his colleagues, students had to watch a movie. One group did so with a pen between their teeth while the other group had to hold the pen with their lips. The first group interpreted the movie funnier than the second, because the muscles responsible for smiling were used and then made the brain release hormones related to being happy. These studies show that facial expressions are not only the result of emotions but can also be their cause.