title: Hoodie Allen

text: On January 22, 2016, Hoodie released his second studio album, "Happy Camper". Leading up to its release, the eighth track, "Champagne and Pools" (featuring blackbear and KYLE), and the album's lead single, "Are U Having Any Fun?" (featuring Meghan Tonjes), were released. The lead single was also accompanied by its music video which followed the style of a video game similar to "Grand Theft Auto V". "Happy Camper" was also made available for download on iTunes peaking at No. 2 on the overall albums chart.


title: Hoodie Allen

text: Leading up to its release, the ninth track "Never Going Back" was released on March 1, 2019. He then released "Come Around“, the second single on the album, with Christian French on June 21, 2019. The third track released before the album released was "Hell of a Time" which was released on August 2, 2019.


title: Hoodie Allen

text: Numerous allegations of sexual misconduct with minors and grooming by Hoodie Allen, a band member, and his road manager surfaced on Twitter in 2020. The allegations include Hoodie and a band member inappropriately messaging and flirting with often underage fans, groping fans, soliciting images from minors, and both manipulating and gaslighting underaged fans. Hoodie responded on Twitter saying that he had fired a band member.


title: Hoodie Allen

text: Hoodie has appeared in four episodes of the CollegeHumor series "Jake and Amir" since March 3, 2011. He made his CollegeHumor debut as Amir's rap teacher in "Jake and Amir / Rap Teacher (With Hoodie Allen)" and returned to that role three more times in videos titled "Jake and Amir / Rap Teacher 2 (with Hoodie Allen)", "Jake and Amir / Rap Teacher 3 (with Hoodie Allen)", and "Jake and Amir / Jake and Amir Finale Part 5: The Auditions".


title: Hoodie Allen

text: In July 2011, Hoodie cracked the Top 10 of "Billboard"'s Uncharted Territory. For the week of August 5, 2011, he was No. 2 on "Billboards" Uncharted Territory, with "Billboard" noting that his "growing popularity is undeniable."


title: Hoodie Allen

text: On April 10, 2012, Hoodie's "All American" EP went to No. 1 on the iTunes charts within hours of its release. "All American" also debuted at No. 10 on Billboard's Top Albums and was featured on its hip-hop and R&B column, The Juice.


title: Anders Fridén

text: Pär Anders Fridén (born 25 March 1973) is a Swedish vocalist, best known as the lead singer of heavy metal band In Flames. He was also the vocalist of Dark Tranquillity and Passenger, a side project.


title: Anders Fridén

text: Fridén was originally the vocalist for Dark Tranquillity. He performed on their debut album, Skydancer, but left the band soon after. Two years later he joined In Flames. Coincidentally Mikael Stanne had left In Flames (being only a session player) and switched from rhythm guitar to lead vocals in Dark Tranquillity, so the two effectively traded places. Fridén was also the lead vocalist for another band known as Ceremonial Oath with In Flames founder Jesper Strömblad.


title: Anders Fridén

text: Fridén started with In Flames on the 1996 album "The Jester Race". On the album "Whoracle", Niklas Sundin (of Dark Tranquillity) wrote the lyrics following the original synopsis by Fridén. On the 1999 album "Colony", Fridén composed the lyrics himself, though Sundin still assisted by translating his lyrics from Swedish to English.


title: Anders Fridén

text: Fridén also has done guest vocals on the album "The Phantom Novels", by the metal band "Grievance". He is the lead vocalist on the tracks" Atrocity Upon Deceptions", "A Devil's Rhyme" and "The Mask of Sin."


title: Anders Fridén

text: In 2007 Fridén appeared as a guest vocalist on the Japanese bonus track "See the Falling Sky" on Caliban's 2007 album "The Awakening". As well as providing vocals for the track "Dysfunctional Hours" for the 20th anniversary Nuclear Blast Allstars compilation album, "".


title: Anders Fridén

text: His look changed dramatically following the release of In Flames 2002 release "Reroute to Remain". His previously clean-shaven look was replaced with a beard, and his long hair was put into dreadlocks. His vocal style has also changed, especially on the past three records. His low-tone, harsh death growl has evolved into a higher pitched scream, which is now supplemented by clean vocals and layers of backing vocals.


title: Anders Fridén

text: In addition to being a vocalist, Fridén is also a producer, with his most recent efforts being the albums: "The Undying Darkness" by Caliban in 2006 and "Absolute Design" by the band Engel in 2007.


title: Anders Fridén

text: He also co-wrote and performed scream vocals on the song "Self vs Self", which appears on the third album of UK/Australian drum and bass band Pendulum alongside his bandmates Björn Gelotte and Peter Iwers.


title: Anders Fridén

text: In the summer of 2010, Fridén changed his appearance again by cutting off his dreadlocks, which he had grown since the release of "Reroute to Remain".


title: Anders Fridén

text: Fridén founded the ambient/electronic project If Anything, Suspicious in 2021. The project's debut album, "Lullabies for the Damned", was released in collaboration with OFFAIR in December 2021.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: John Michael "J.D." Dorian, M.D., is a fictional character and protagonist of the American comedy-drama television series "Scrubs".


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: Portrayed by Zach Braff, J.D acts as the narrator and main character of the series from seasons one to eight, providing voice-overs that reveal his internal thoughts and adding an overall narration to the show, often linking the story arcs in each episode thematically.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D. appears in every episode during the first eight seasons, except for two in season 8; "My Absence," in which he is briefly heard through a mobile phone, and "My Full Moon"; he later returns as a major character for six episodes of the ninth and final season to help transition the series into its new format. Braff also briefly portrayed the character in the webisode spin-off series "" and the Muppets television film "It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie".


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: Both the character and Braff's performance were positively received. Braff was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2005 and received three consecutive Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy nominations from 2005 to 2007.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D.'s name is based on that of Dr. Jonathan Doris, a college friend of series creator Bill Lawrence. Doris served as a medical advisor on the show.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: Zach Braff, the actor who portrayed the character in the series said that 'I feel that, after seven years, there is not much of J.D.'s personality left to be explored, except for his relationship with best friend Christopher Turk.' Braff also opined that although 'J.D. has gradually evolved over the series, he also cannot evolve too much, as we need to give the fans what they want, which is to see the characters be themselves.' Meanwhile the show creator, Bill Lawrence stated that the seventh season was required, in order to show J.D. finally growing up, as many fans did not want to see him stay the same.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: In a 2008 interview, Braff stated that while he feels "most at home when I’m playing a Jewish character", the writers for "Scrubs" chose to imply that Dorian was Christian because the show needed "to appeal to the most massive audience possible" out of concern that some people might not watch a show featuring a Jewish main character.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D.'s most prominently featured quirk is his habit of daydreaming. When this happens, he tilts his head back and to his left, blankly looking upwards. The sequences played out in his daydreams are often surreal or about the situations that have just been mentioned or wondered about, but often in an exaggerated manner. Many of these are followed by a comment from him which, although in keeping with his daydream, sounds strange and is often highly unrelated to the initial topic, very often earning him odd looks from nearby characters in the scene.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: Despite his numerous mistakes, quirks and personal neurosis, J.D. is shown throughout the series to be a very skilled doctor. He is described as having compassion for his patients, as well as determination and enthusiasm for his job.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: He grew up in Trotwood, Ohio. In a season 1 episode (2001), JD states that 20 years ago he "had a little trouble with his "S’s “” because he was five. In season five JD turns 30. His father, Sam (John Ritter), a failed office supply salesman, was absent for most of J.D.'s childhood, and often mooched off his son when he was around; after Sam dies, however, J.D. realises that his father loved him and was proud of him. His mother is Barbara Turner Dorian. He has an older brother, Dan (Tom Cavanagh), with whom he has a love/hate relationship.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D. begins the show as an intern at Sacred Heart Hospital. After a year, he becomes a resident, then an attending physician in internal medicine, and eventually residency director of another hospital.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D. begins work at Sacred Heart under Attending Physician Dr. Perry Cox (John C. McGinley), who generally refers to J.D. as "Newbie" or by a variety of girls' names. J.D. thinks of Cox as his mentor, which Cox adamantly denies. As much as he hates to admit it, however, Cox respects J.D. as a doctor and even cares about him as a person, even offering him personal advice on a few occasions. J.D.'s faith in Cox is shaken when the latter has a breakdown following the death of three patients. After a deeply depressed Cox shows up to work drunk, J.D. refuses to see him, claiming that he does not approve of Cox's behavior. However, he later confesses to Cox that he still looks upon him as a hero, and admires him for caring so much about his patients that he takes it hard when things go badly for them. At the end of the episode, Cox thanks J.D. — and, atypically, calls him by his real name — for helping him forgive himself and get on with his life. After Cox is promoted to Chief of Medicine in season 8, he and J.D. are often at odds over hospital matters, mirroring Cox's relationship with the former chief, Dr. Bob Kelso (Ken Jenkins), in earlier seasons. Kelso advises J.D. that he is the one who will have to press for hospital matters if they're important enough, even if it means fighting Cox to do it. On J.D.'s last day at Sacred Heart, Cox finally admits that J.D. is an exceptional physician, an exceptional person, and a friend — albeit only when he thinks J.D. isn't around to hear it.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: J.D. is also engaged in a constant battle with the Janitor (Neil Flynn) from the very first episode. The Janitor is trying to open a jammed door when J.D. suggests there may be a penny stuck in it. When it turns out that there is a penny stuck in the door, the Janitor vows revenge. Throughout the series, the Janitor frequently plays tricks and pranks on J.D. In the eighth-season finale, it is revealed that J.D. "did" accidentally put the penny in the door. The Janitor saw him drop the penny, but because he never admitted it, decided that J.D. had failed a "test of character," thus igniting their feud.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: In season 9, J.D. becomes a visiting professor at Winston University, a medical school built on the old site of Sacred Heart, which has been torn down. He forms a bond with the series' new main character, Lucy Bennett (Kerry Bishé), whom he counsels through the rigours of life as a doctor. After a few months, however, he tells her that he eventually plans to move on, and that she must find a new mentor before he leaves. Finally, he leaves his teaching position and steps back from mentoring Lucy, determined that she must learn to function on her own.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: He often spends time with Chris Turk (Donald Faison), his best friend and surrogate brother, whom he first met when they were roommates at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. The pair continue to be roommates even as they progress to become interns and then residents. J.D. is often shown to have a codependent relationship with Turk, regularly going through some stages of depression whenever he can't be with him. By their own admission, their relationship is a "bromance." In the first episode, when Turk suggests the two of them seek separate apartments to "branch out," J.D.'s inner monologue tells himself to "Tell him you think that's stupid. Tell him you need him," but they end up roommates again by the episode's end. Their friendship is often depicted as being closer and more loving than a marriage; they sum up their feelings in the song "Guy Love": "It's guy love / That's all it is / It's guy love / He's mine, I'm his / There's nothing gay about it in our eyes."


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: On his first day, he also meets Carla Espinosa (Judy Reyes), a nurse who looks out for him and affectionately nicknames him "Bambi." On his last day at Sacred Heart, she reveals that she calls him this because he needed to learn how to walk (meaning to become a doctor).


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: He meets and forms a connection with Elliot Reid (Sarah Chalke) in the pilot episode and finds himself attracted to her. In seasons 1 to 3, a running joke in the series was that J.D. would sleep with Elliot at least once in each season, although the show's producers have indicated that this ended to prevent the characters' development being constrained by clichés. The two form a romantic relationship in the first season, but their romance quickly falls apart when they realize that they do not work as a couple.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: He has had romantic and sexual liaisons with various women besides Elliot, including Dr. Cox's ex-wife Jordan Sullivan (Christa Miller), and Jordan's younger sister Danni Sullivan (Tara Reid). In season five, he meets Dr. Kim Briggs (Elizabeth Banks), the hospital's urologist, and they are immediately attracted to each other. They go on a date that ends with J.D. getting her pregnant via premature ejaculation. In season 6, they decide to keep the child and try to make a relationship work, but they break up when Kim announces that she had a miscarriage. Soon afterward, however, J.D. discovers that she is still pregnant, having lied about losing the baby to get out of the relationship. He decides to stay with her for the sake of their child. J.D. realises that he doesn't love her, and they break up for good while she is giving birth to their son, Sam Perry Gilligan Dorian.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: While J.D. and Elliot had an on-and-off romance throughout the series, it is not until the conclusion of Season 6 that they appear ready to get back together. The episode "My Point of No Return" ends with J.D. and Elliot lying on a bed in the on-call room, leaning in for a kiss. The action remains unresolved until Season 7, when Elliot backs out. They both then say that the almost-kiss had nothing to do with their feelings for each other. In Season 8, they become a couple again after they talk about their history together, and Dr. Kelso advises them to do whatever makes them happy.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: During the filming for Season 8, Sarah Chalke said in an interview that she couldn't imagine J.D. and Elliot not being together romantically. In the Season 8 finale, it is suggested through a flash forward in the style of a home movie that J.D and Elliot will marry and have a child.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: In Season 9, it is revealed that J.D. and Elliot are in fact married and expecting a child. This is punctuated by an extremely awkward morning ritual in front of Elliot's class where J.D. kisses her stomach for every month, she is pregnant and says "and thank you for making mommy's boobs bigger"; Elliot then puts her breasts on his head. In their final appearance together, they go on a "babymoon", a romantic getaway for expecting parents.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: Like Elliot, Carla, Cox and the Janitor, the J.D. character makes a cameo appearance in "It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie," trying to reanimate Miss Piggy. However, Piggy and the "Scrubs" cast finally break the fourth wall, with the actors portraying themselves.


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: In 2012, the final scene of the "Cougar Town" season 3 episode "A One Story Town" features an uncredited cameo by Braff as a pizza delivery boy, whom returning "Scrubs" character Ted Buckland recognises as being physically identical to J.D. (alongside recognising several other "Cougar Town" characters as resembling their actors' other "Scrubs" characters).


title: J.D. (Scrubs)

text: In 2014, in the fifth-season premiere of the NBC television comedy series "Community", a narration by J.D. (Braff) from a ninth-season episode of "Scrubs" is used to provide a voice-over summary. Earlier in the episode, "Repilot", Braff is mentioned in reference to the unpopular ninth season of "Scrubs", to which the characters involved mock for the appearance of Braff in a mere six episodes of the semi-reboot (which itself also served as a meta-commentary on the fact that Donald Glover would also only be appearing in five episodes of the similarly semi-rebooted "Community").


title: Kinoko Nasu

text: Together with his junior high school classmate and friend Takashi Takeuchi, Nasu formed Type-Moon in 2000, originally as a dōjin group to create the visual novel "Tsukihime", which soon gained immense popularity. His influences include Hideyuki Kikuchi, Yukito Ayatsuji, Soji Shimada, Natsuhiko Kyogoku, Kenji Takemoto, Ken Ishikawa and Yasuhiro Nightow.


title: Kinoko Nasu

text: After the success of "Tsukihime", Type-Moon became a commercial organization. A sequel to "Tsukihime", "Kagetsu Tohya", was released in August 2001. On 28 January 2004, Type-Moon released "Fate/stay night", written by Nasu; it, too, gained great success, becoming one of the most popular visual novels on the day of its release. A sequel to "Fate/stay night", "Fate/hollow ataraxia", was released on 28 October 2005. Nasu's visual novel work has been adapted to extremely popular manga and anime series.


title: Kinoko Nasu

text: Among his earlier works are the novels "Kara no Kyōkai", originally released in 1998 and re-printed in 2004, "Angel Notes", "Mahōtsukai no Yoru" and "Kōri no Hana".


The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture is one of the two 1999 soundtrack albums from the blockbuster film, "The Matrix" (the other being "").


title: The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture

text: The soundtrack included most of the tracks the film popularized such as Rob D's "Clubbed to Death", Rob Zombie's "Dragula (Hot Rod Herman Remix)" and "Spybreak!", played by the British big beat duo Propellerheads. It also included a number of songs that were not present in the film.


title: Viju Shah

text: Vijay Kalyanji Shah (born 5 June 1959) is a music composer of Bollywood spanning a career over three decades(1986-Present). He is the son of veteran music director Kalyanji Virji Shah of the composer duo Kalyanji Anandji.


title: Viju Shah

text: Viju Shah composed back ground score of 1992 Horror Thriller Junoon & musical comedy Andaz Apna Apna (1994)


title: Viju Shah

text: Mohra features the iconic “Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast”, and “Tip Tip Barsa Pani”. The music album went on to become the second most-sold Bollywood soundtrack album of the year, selling more than 8million units,  behind only "Hum Aapke Hain Koun."


title: Viju Shah

text: Though known for action , thriller genre director Rajiv Rai experimented with romantic genre where Viju Shah gave his musical milestone, Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat (2001).


title: Viju Shah

text: Finally Viju Shah is collaborating again with Rajiv Rai after a hiatus of 18 year in a suspense thriller "Zora ".


title: John Beasley (actor)

text: John Beasley (born June 26, 1943) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the films "Rudy" (1993), "The General's Daughter" (1999), "The Sum of All Fears" (2002), "Walking Tall" (2004), "" (2014), and "Sinister 2" (2015).


title: John Beasley (actor)

text: In 2002, Beasley founded the "John Beasley Theater & Workshop" in Omaha, Nebraska to promote live theater, especially works written by or featuring African-Americans.


title: John Beasley (actor)

text: Beasley was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Beasley did not begin his acting career until his mid-40s. Prior to that he was a railroad man with the Union Pacific Railroad. He established the John Beasley Theater and Workshop in South Omaha.


title: John Beasley (actor)

text: He also portrayed General Lasseter in "The Sum of All Fears" and Reverend C. Charles Blackwell in "The Apostle". In 1992 he played Jesse Hall's dad in the movie "The Mighty Ducks". He co-starred opposite The Rock in the 2004 remake of "Walking Tall".


title: John Beasley (actor)

text: Beasley has made numerous guest roles on television and has appeared in several TV movies. His most prominent role in a TV series was as Irv Harper in the WB series "Everwood". He most recently appeared in the TV Land sitcom "The Soul Man", which aired its fifth and final season in 2016.


title: Expansion pack

text: An expansion pack, expansion set, supplement, or simply expansion is an addition to an existing role-playing game, tabletop game, video game or collectible card game. These add-ons usually add new game areas, weapons, objects, characters, or an extended storyline to an already-released game.


title: Expansion pack

text: While board game expansions are typically designed by the original creator, video game developers sometimes contract out development of the expansion pack to a third-party company, it may choose to develop the expansion itself, or it may do both.


title: Expansion pack

text: Board games and tabletop RPGs may have been marketing expansions since the 1970s, and video games have been releasing expansion packs since the 1980s, early examples being the "Dragon Slayer" games "" and "Sorcerian". Other terms for the concept are module and, in certain games' marketing, adventure.


title: Expansion pack

text: The price of an expansion pack is usually much less than that of the original game. As expansion packs consist solely of additional content, most require the original game in order to play. Games with many expansions often begin selling the original game with prior expansions, such as "The Sims Deluxe Edition" ("The Sims" with ""). These bundles make the game more accessible to new players. When games reach the end of their lifespan, the publisher often releases a 'complete' or 'gold' collection, which includes the game and all its subsequent expansions.


title: Expansion pack

text: Some expansion packs do not require the original game in order to use the new content, as is the case with "", "" or "Sonic & Knuckles". Some art, sound, and code are reused from the original game. In some cases, a stand-alone expansion such as "", or "" includes the original game.


title: Expansion pack

text: Expansion packs are most commonly released for PC games, but are becoming increasingly prevalent for video game consoles, particularly due to the popularity of downloadable content. The increasing number of multi-platform games has also led to the release of more expansion packs on consoles, especially stand-alone expansion packs (as described above). "", for example, requires the original "" to play on the PC, but Xbox 360 versions of both the original "Tiberium Wars" and "Kane's Wrath" are available, neither of which require one another.


title: Expansion pack

text: "" was the first expansion pack released for the PlayStation. The game required the player to insert the "London" disc, remove it, insert the original "Grand Theft Auto" disc, remove it, then insert the "London" media again in order to play.


title: Expansion pack

text: "Sonic & Knuckles" for the Mega Drive/Genesis was unusual in that it functioned as both a stand-alone cartridge and as an expansion pack for both "Sonic the Hedgehog 2" and "Sonic the Hedgehog 3".


title: Expansion pack

text: Collectible card games, or CCGs for short, are typically released as expansion sets, composed of booster packs. CCGs may be referred to as "living" or "dead", and living CCGs are routinely published with supplementary expansions. CCGs generally don't have a core set that is reprinted indefinitely, instead, they are retired and replaced with new expansions on a quarterly or bi-annual basis. Expansions usually introduce new rules, or game mechanics, expanding the games library of cards and rules set.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: Andrew McAuley (born 7 August 1968; presumed dead 9–12 February 2007) was an Australian mountaineer and sea kayaker. He is presumed to have died following his disappearance at sea while attempting to kayak 1600 km (994 mi) across the Tasman Sea from Australia to New Zealand in February 2007.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: McAuley was born in Goulburn, New South Wales, on 7 August 1968. He attended Anglican Church Grammar School in East East Brisbane and finished Year 12 in 1984. He was awarded Adventurer of the Year in 2005 by the Australian Geographic Society.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: McAuley climbed many peaks in Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, and Patagonia. He preferred to find new routes and make exploratory climbs.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: In 2003, he made the first nonstop kayak crossing of the Bass Strait. In 2004, he kayaked across the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 2006, he led an expedition in the Australian Antarctic Territory, where they paddled over 800 km within the Antarctic Circle.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: In December 2006, McAuley's first attempt to cross the Tasman Sea in a standard one-man kayak was aborted after one night due to trouble keeping warm inside the cockpit.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: McAuley's second attempt began on 11 January 2007 and ended on 12 February, when the search for his missing body was called off following the recovery of his partly flooded kayak on 10 February about short of his destination, Milford Sound.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: The sleeping arrangements at sea involved deploying a drift anchor, squeezing his body down into the kayak, and sealing the hatch with a bulbous fibreglass capsule (dubbed "Casper") fitted with an air-only ventilator, which, with its self-righting capabilities, made possible riding out the most severe storm conditions that are inevitable in that part of the ocean.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: When the capsule was pivoted to its stowing position behind the cockpit, though, it made a kayak roll impossible due to being filled with water, like a bucket. Therefore, whenever he capsized, he had to swim out of the kayak, push it upright, and perform full self-rescue.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: When his kayak was recovered, only this capsule was missing. It was presumed to have been torn off by a freak wave. One of its pivot arms had already been damaged.


title: Andrew McAuley

text: Veteran sailor Jonathan Borgais, who was directing the expedition by providing weather predictions, said, "From the beginning, my biggest concern was the approach to New Zealand. And this part of New Zealand is notoriously dangerous. On a good day, you can get rogue waves: a two- or three-metre set that can come out of nowhere. Not big, but powerful. That's very dangerous. I have no doubt that a wave got him."


title: Andrew McAuley

text: The documentary of McAuley's journey, "Solo", incorporated video footage recovered from one surviving memory stick in his camera, as well as interviews with people on his team during the expedition. It begins with the distress call he made on the evening of 9 February: "Do you copy? This is kayak one. Do you copy, over? I've got an emergency situation. I'm in a kayak about 30 km from Milford Sound. I need a rescue. My kayak's sinking. Fell off into the sea and I'm going down."


title: Andrew McAuley

text: In the same summer, a specially constructed, two-person kayak crossed the Tasman Sea by a more northerly route. The competitive spirit may have played a part in McAuley's determination to make the journey when he did. The song "Towards Infinity" was written about his final journey by Australian composers Paul Jarman and Phil Voysey.


title: Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1800–1831)

text: Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Louise Dorothea Pauline Charlotte Fredericka Auguste; 21 December 1800 – 30 August 1831) was the wife of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the mother of Duke Ernst II and Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. She was the paternal grandmother of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.


text: Princess Louise was the only daughter of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and his first wife Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, daughter of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (her namesake).


text: On 31 July 1817 in Gotha, 16-year-old Louise married her 33-year-old kinsman Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, (later Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), after he failed to win the hand of a Russian grand duchess. Louise was considered "young, clever, and beautiful".


text: They had two children: Ernst, who inherited his father's lands and titles, and Albert, who was later the husband of Queen Victoria.


text: The marriage was unhappy because of Ernst's infidelities and the couple separated in 1824. Sankt Wendel, in the Principality of Lichtenberg, was assigned as her new residence (it was an exclave of Saxe-Coburg und Gotha; see Sotnick on this period), and Louise was forced to leave her two sons behind. Biographer Lytton Strachey noted in 1921: "The ducal court was not noted for the strictness of its morals; the Duke was a man of gallantry, and it was rumored that the Duchess followed her husband's example. There were scandals: one of the Court Chamberlains, a charming and cultivated man of Jewish extraction, was talked of; at last there was a separation, followed by a divorce."


text: On 31 March 1826 their marriage was officially dissolved. Seven months later, on 18 October 1826, Louise secretly married in St. Wendel her former lover, the Baron Alexander von Hanstein (later created Count of Pölzig and Beiersdorf). In her previous marriage, she had taken great interest in the social life of the principality and was revered as its "Landesmutter" (literally, "mother of the region"). Nevertheless, this happy life ended in February 1831, when her secret marriage to von Hanstein was discovered and she lost her children permanently.


text: Louise died of cancer on 30 August 1831, when she was only 30 years old. Years after her death, Queen Victoria described Louise in an 1864 memorandum: "The princess is described as having been very handsome, though very small; fair, with blue eyes; and Prince Albert is said to have been extremely like her". Louise was reinterred from her initial burial site at Morizkirche to the ducal mausoleum at "" after it had been completed in 1859.


title: Ruled paper

text: Ruled paper (or lined paper) is writing paper printed with lines as a guide for handwriting. The lines often are printed with fine width and in light colour and such paper is sometimes called "feint-ruled paper". Additional vertical lines may provide margins, act as tab stops or create a grid for plotting data; for example, graph paper ("squared paper" or "grid paper") is divided into squares by horizontal and vertical lines.


title: Ruled paper

text: Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates. Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color, or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.


title: Ruled paper

text: On 15 June 1770, English inventor John Tetlow patented a "machine for ruling paper for music and other purposes." A later machine was invented by William Orville Hickok in the mid-19th century.


title: Ruled paper

text: Lines on ruled paper provide a guide to help users keep their writing or drawing consistent with a predetermined set of rules. The ruling layout is not determined by the paper size but by the purpose, style of handwriting or the language used. Many different line layouts support handwriting, calligraphy, plotting data on graphs, musical notation or help teach students to write in a particular language or script. The following are common examples:


title: Ruled paper

text: Regional standards exist for ruling layouts, particularly for academic or government clerical purposes.


title: Ruled paper

text: Elementary students use (田字格) Tianzige ruled paper, featuring boxes for individual characters. Sometimes each box is subdivided (vertically, horizontally, diagonally) as reference to aid the writer with the relative proportion and placement of character components.


title: Ruled paper

text: In Taiwan, the Japanese genkō yōshi is the main form of rule used by students writing in Mandarin, where it is called 原稿紙 (). Students use the thin vertical column to transcribe Bopomofo pronunciation.


title: Ruled paper

text: In order to foster handwriting discipline, a type of ruling known as "Seyès ruling" is used on paper in schools. Heavy vertical lines are spaced 8 mm (appx. 5/16 in) apart, beginning 16 mm (appx. 5/8 in) from the left-hand edge of the page. Three lighter lines are spaced 2 mm (appx. 5/64 in) apart between each pair of heavy lines. These sheets of paper are generally known as "grands carreaux" (large tiles) as opposed to the "petits carreaux" (small tiles) which are 5x5mm. Seyès ruled paper is available in single sheets ("copies simples") or joined double sheets ("copies doubles") which are sometimes preferred for exams, being easier to handle.


title: Ruled paper

text: DIN 16552:1977-04 ("Lines for handwriting") specifies the types of ruled paper to be used by school pupils.


title: Ruled paper

text: Among others, genkō yōshi (原稿用紙, "manuscript paper") is a kind of paper mainly used for kanji script writing, formed vertically with individual boxes for each Chinese character. There is a thin column to the right of the boxes, for transcribing "kana" pronunciation. The sizes can vary for ability levels. It is used across the East Asian cultural sphere, for example in Korea for writing proverbs.


title: Ruled paper

text: Formats for exercise notebooks are standardised. School exercise books must use 8 mm spacing between the lines, other ruled paper may use 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm and 9 mm spacing. The paper for cursive writing uses pairs of lines 4 mm apart, with 8 mm between the pairs. They may also have angled lines at 65 degrees to vertical to provide additional guidance. The lines can have gray, blue, green or purple color. The vertical margin line must have red or orange color.


title: Ruled paper

text: A4 Ruled/Ledger Paper: 8 mm line height; 2 cm left-margin. Top and bottom margins may vary. Often sold as "college exercise books" or "exam pads". Croxley A4 1-Quire Counter Book Feint & Margin 96-Page


title: Ruled paper

text: There appears to be no British Standard. However, the line spacing for adult ruled paper is most commonly 8 mm and squared maths paper is 5 mm².


title: Ruled paper

text: There is specialist handwriting paper available for primary schools ("Education standard Learn to Write Exercise books") and a British Standard BS4448 ("Specification for school exercise books and papers"). You can find ruled paper at 15 mm spacing and squared maths paper at 10 mm² spacing.


title: Binary logarithm

text: In mathematics, the binary logarithm () is the power to which the number must be raised to obtain the value . That is, for any real number ,


title: Binary logarithm

text: For example, the binary logarithm of is , the binary logarithm of is , the binary logarithm of is , and the binary logarithm of is .


title: Binary logarithm

text: The binary logarithm is the logarithm to the base and is the inverse function of the power of two function. As well as , an alternative notation for the binary logarithm is (the notation preferred by ISO 31-11 and ISO 80000-2).


title: Binary logarithm

text: Historically, the first application of binary logarithms was in music theory, by Leonhard Euler: the binary logarithm of a frequency ratio of two musical tones gives the number of octaves by which the tones differ. Binary logarithms can be used to calculate the length of the representation of a number in the binary numeral system, or the number of bits needed to encode a message in information theory. In computer science, they count the number of steps needed for binary search and related algorithms. Other areas


title: Binary logarithm

text: in which the binary logarithm is frequently used include combinatorics, bioinformatics, the design of sports tournaments, and photography.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Binary logarithms are included in the standard C mathematical functions and other mathematical software packages.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The integer part of a binary logarithm can be found using the find first set operation on an integer value, or by looking up the exponent of a floating point value.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The powers of two have been known since antiquity; for instance, they appear in Euclid's "Elements", Props. IX.32 (on the factorization of powers of two) and IX.36 (half of the Euclid–Euler theorem, on the structure of even perfect numbers).


title: Binary logarithm

text: And the binary logarithm of a power of two is just its position in the ordered sequence of powers of two.


title: Binary logarithm

text: On this basis, Michael Stifel has been credited with publishing the first known table of binary logarithms in 1544. His book "Arithmetica Integra" contains several tables that show the integers with their corresponding powers of two. Reversing the rows of these tables allow them to be interpreted as tables of binary logarithms.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Earlier than Stifel, the 8th century Jain mathematician Virasena is credited with a precursor to the binary logarithm. Virasena's concept of "ardhacheda" has been defined as the number of times a given number can be divided evenly by two. This definition gives rise to a function that coincides with the binary logarithm on the powers of two, but it is different for other integers, giving the 2-adic order rather than the logarithm.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The modern form of a binary logarithm, applying to any number (not just powers of two) was considered explicitly by Leonhard Euler in 1739. Euler established the application of binary logarithms to music theory, long before their applications in information theory and computer science became known. As part of his work in this area, Euler published a table of binary logarithms of the integers from 1 to 8, to seven decimal digits of accuracy.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The binary logarithm function may be defined as the inverse function to the power of two function, which is a strictly increasing function over the positive real numbers and therefore has a unique inverse.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Alternatively, it may be defined as , where is the natural logarithm, defined in any of its standard ways. Using the complex logarithm in this definition allows the binary logarithm to be extended to the complex numbers.


title: Binary logarithm

text: As with other logarithms, the binary logarithm obeys the following equations, which can be used to simplify formulas that combine binary logarithms with multiplication or exponentiation:


title: Binary logarithm

text: In mathematics, the binary logarithm of a number is often written as . However, several other notations for this function have been used or proposed, especially in application areas.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Some authors write the binary logarithm as , the notation listed in "The Chicago Manual of Style". Donald Knuth credits this notation to a suggestion of Edward Reingold, but its use in both information theory and computer science dates to before Reingold was active. The binary logarithm has also been written as with a prior statement that the default base for the logarithm is . Another notation that is often used for the same function (especially in the German scientific literature) is , from Latin "logarithmus dualis" or "logarithmus dyadis".


title: Binary logarithm

text: The , ISO 31-11 and ISO 80000-2 standards recommend yet another notation, . According to these standards, should not be used for the binary logarithm, as it is instead reserved for the common logarithm .


title: Binary logarithm

text: The number of digits (bits) in the binary representation of a positive integer is the integral part of , i.e.


title: Binary logarithm

text: In information theory, the definition of the amount of self-information and information entropy is often expressed with the binary logarithm, corresponding to making the bit the fundamental unit of information. With these units, the Shannon–Hartley theorem expresses the information capacity of a channel as the binary logarithm of its signal-to-noise ratio, plus one. However, the natural logarithm and the nat are also used in alternative notations for these definitions.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Although the natural logarithm is more important than the binary logarithm in many areas of pure mathematics such as number theory and mathematical analysis, the binary logarithm has several applications in combinatorics:


title: Binary logarithm

text: The binary logarithm also frequently appears in the analysis of algorithms, not only because of the frequent use of binary number arithmetic in algorithms, but also because binary logarithms occur in the analysis of algorithms based on two-way branching. If a problem initially has choices for its solution, and each iteration of the algorithm reduces the number of choices by a factor of two, then the number of iterations needed to select a single choice is again the integral part of . This idea is used in the analysis of several algorithms and data structures. For example, in binary search, the size of the problem to be solved is halved with each iteration, and therefore roughly iterations are needed to obtain a solution for a problem of size . Similarly, a perfectly balanced binary search tree containing elements has height .


title: Binary logarithm

text: The running time of an algorithm is usually expressed in big O notation, which is used to simplify expressions by omitting their constant factors and lower-order terms. Because logarithms in different bases differ from each other only by a constant factor, algorithms that run in time can also be said to run in, say, time. The base of the logarithm in expressions such as or is therefore not important and can be omitted. However, for logarithms that appear in the exponent of a time bound, the base of the logarithm cannot be omitted. For example, is not the same as because the former is equal to and the latter to .


title: Binary logarithm

text: Algorithms with running time are sometimes called linearithmic. Some examples of algorithms with running time or are:


title: Binary logarithm

text: Binary logarithms also occur in the exponents of the time bounds for some divide and conquer algorithms, such as the Karatsuba algorithm for multiplying -bit numbers in time ,


title: Binary logarithm

text: . The occurrence of binary logarithms in these running times can be explained by reference to the master theorem for divide-and-conquer recurrences.


title: Binary logarithm

text: In bioinformatics, microarrays are used to measure how strongly different genes are expressed in a sample of biological material. Different rates of expression of a gene are often compared by using the binary logarithm of the ratio of expression rates: the log ratio of two expression rates is defined as the binary logarithm of the ratio of the two rates. Binary logarithms allow for a convenient comparison of expression rates: a doubled expression rate can be described by a log ratio of , a halved expression rate can be described by a log ratio of , and an unchanged expression rate can be described by a log ratio of zero, for instance.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Data points obtained in this way are often visualized as a scatterplot in which one or both of the coordinate axes are binary logarithms of intensity ratios, or in visualizations such as the MA plot and RA plot that rotate and scale these log ratio scatterplots.


title: Binary logarithm

text: In music theory, the interval or perceptual difference between two tones is determined by the ratio of their frequencies. Intervals coming from rational number ratios with small numerators and denominators are perceived as particularly euphonious. The simplest and most important of these intervals is the octave, a frequency ratio of . The number of octaves by which two tones differ is the binary logarithm of their frequency ratio.


title: Binary logarithm

text: To study tuning systems and other aspects of music theory that require finer distinctions between tones, it is helpful to have a measure of the size of an interval that is finer than an octave and is additive (as logarithms are) rather than multiplicative (as frequency ratios are). That is, if tones , , and form a rising sequence of tones, then the measure of the interval from to plus the measure of the interval from to should equal the measure of the interval from to . Such a measure is given by the cent, which divides the octave into equal intervals ( semitones of cents each). Mathematically, given tones with frequencies and , the number of cents in the interval from to is


title: Binary logarithm

text: In competitive games and sports involving two players or teams in each game or match, the binary logarithm indicates the number of rounds necessary in a single-elimination tournament required to determine a winner. For example, a tournament of players requires rounds to determine the winner, a tournament of teams requires rounds, etc. In this case, for players/teams where is not a power of 2, is rounded up since it is necessary to have at least one round in which not all remaining competitors play. For example, is approximately , which rounds up to , indicating that a tournament of teams requires rounds (either two teams sit out the first round, or one team sits out the second round). The same number of rounds is also necessary to determine a clear winner in a Swiss-system tournament.


title: Binary logarithm

text: In photography, exposure values are measured in terms of the binary logarithm of the amount of light reaching the film or sensor, in accordance with the Weber–Fechner law describing a logarithmic response of the human visual system to light. A single stop of exposure is one unit on a base- logarithmic scale. More precisely, the exposure value of a photograph is defined as


title: Binary logarithm

text: where is the f-number measuring the aperture of the lens during the exposure, and is the number of seconds of exposure.


title: Binary logarithm

text: Binary logarithms (expressed as stops) are also used in densitometry, to express the dynamic range of light-sensitive materials or digital sensors.


title: Binary logarithm

text: An easy way to calculate on calculators that do not have a function is to use the natural logarithm () or the common logarithm ( or ) functions, which are found on most scientific calculators. To change the logarithm base from or to one can use the formulae:


title: Binary logarithm

text: The binary logarithm can be made into a function from integers and to integers by rounding it up or down. These two forms of integer binary logarithm are related by this formula:


title: Binary logarithm

text: The definition can be extended by defining formula_11. Extended in this way, this function is related to the number of leading zeros of the 32-bit unsigned binary representation of , .


title: Binary logarithm

text: The integer binary logarithm can be interpreted as the zero-based index of the most significant bit in the input. In this sense it is the complement of the find first set operation, which finds the index of the least significant bit. Many hardware platforms include support for finding the number of leading zeros, or equivalent operations, which can be used to quickly find the binary logarithm. The codice_1 and codice_2 functions in the Linux kernel and in some versions of the libc software library also compute the binary logarithm (rounded up to an integer, plus one).


title: Binary logarithm

text: This reduces the problem to one where the argument of the logarithm is in a restricted range, the interval , simplifying the second step of computing the fractional part (the mantissa of the logarithm).


title: Binary logarithm

text: For any , there exists a unique integer such that , or equivalently . Now the integer part of the logarithm is simply , and the fractional part is . In other words:


title: Binary logarithm

text: For normalized floating-point numbers, the integer part is given by the floating-point exponent, and for integers it can be determined by performing a count leading zeros operation.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The fractional part of the result is and can be computed iteratively, using only elementary multiplication and division.


title: Binary logarithm

text: The result of this is expressed by the following recursive formulas, in which formula_16 is the number of squarings required in the "i"-th iteration of the algorithm:


title: Binary logarithm

text: In the special case where the fractional part in step 1 is found to be zero, this is a "finite" sequence terminating at some point. Otherwise, it is an infinite series that converges according to the ratio test, since each term is strictly less than the previous one (since every ). For practical use, this infinite series must be truncated to reach an approximate result. If the series is truncated after the -th term, then the error in the result is less than .


title: Binary logarithm

text: The codice_3 function is included in the standard C mathematical functions. The default version of this function takes double precision arguments but variants of it allow the argument to be single-precision or to be a long double. In computing environments supporting complex numbers and implicit type conversion such as MATLAB the argument to the codice_3 function is allowed to be a negative number, returning a complex one.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton State University is a public university with its main campus in Stephenville, Texas. It is a founding member of the Texas A&M University System and enrolled over 14,000 students in the fall of 2020.


title: Tarleton State University

text: John Tarleton Agricultural College was founded in 1899 with an endowment from settler John Tarleton. The college became a member of the Texas A&M University system in 1917. In 1949 it was renamed Tarleton State College then became a four-year degree-granting institution in 1959. Tarleton gained status as a university in 1973 adopting its current name, Tarleton State University. In 2003 it began offering doctoral programs.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The university offers 68 undergraduate, 28 masters, two associate degree programs, and two doctoral programs.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Department of Animal Sciences oversees the Tarleton Equine-Assisted Therapy (TREAT) program that is designed to utilize horseback riding as a form of physical, emotional and recreational therapy. Hippotherapy (physical therapy on horseback using the horse as a therapist) has developed as a medical field recognized by most major countries.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research (TIAER) on the Tarleton campus plays a national leadership role in environmental issues related to water quality. This program provides the university, the dairy and beef industries, environmental control agencies and governmental policy groups with water pollution data for the Upper North Bosque River watershed.


title: Tarleton State University

text: In fall 2002 the W.K. Gordon Center for Industrial History of Texas opened at a site located near Thurber, a ghost town located approximately northwest of Stephenville and about one hour west of the DFW Metroplex. Funded through a $1.2 million grant from the Texas Department of Transportation and a private gift from Mrs. W.K. Gordon Jr. The center is located on near the site of Texas' first coal mine and adjacent to New York Hill along Interstate 20. The center is dedicated to the preservation, research and recording of Texas industrial history including coal mining, brick making and oil and gas exploration.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton operates two radio stations. KXTR-LP 100.7 FM is a student-operated rock station, while KTRL 90.5 FM is a public radio station broadcasting news, classical music, and jazz. Both are operated by students of Tarleton State University out of the radio station located in the Mathematics building on the TSU campus. Tarleton State University is one of four universities in the state of Texas to own and operate two radio stations; the other institutions being the University of Houston, the University of Texas at Austin, and Texas Tech University.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Students come from around the world–32 countries and 46 states in the United States–to attend Tarleton. Most university activities take place on Tarleton's main campus. An operational university farm with classroom space is located near the main campus northwest of Stephenville with access from TX Highway 8 and US Route 281. The Hunewell Ranch is located in Erath County and provides additional educational facilities. Tarleton also offers specialized programs at its Dora Lee Langdon Cultural and Educational Center in Granbury and select programs and courses at McLennan Community College in Waco, Weatherford College in Weatherford, Bryan at the RELLIS Campus, and in Fort Worth. Upper-level courses were offered at Tarleton-Central Texas in Killeen until 2009 when Texas A&M University-Central Texas was formed as a separate institution.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Most university activities take place on Tarleton's main campus in Stephenville, the county seat of Erath County. With a population of 21,247, Stephenville provides a combination of small-town living and proximity to Dallas–Fort Worth.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The main campus in Stephenville features a sports recreation center opened in fall 2007. The two-story building holds four racquetball courts, a gym, a weight room, an indoor track, cardio equipment as well as multi-purpose rooms, classroom, and office space. The new facility is also home to a climbing wall and an "outdoor pursuit" area, allowing students the opportunity to sign up for such outdoor items as kayaks, tents, and camping equipment.


title: Tarleton State University

text: A $13 million, dining facility opened in fall 2008. The new building is an extension of the student center and has two floors, a convenience store, executive meeting rooms and a cafe with a wireless network.


title: Tarleton State University

text: In 2001, the university completed a $30.8 million science building complete with a 86-seat planetarium. In 2014, the Science Building was named for Dr. Lamar Johnson a former professor of biological sciences and dean of the College of Arts & Sciences. The old science building went through an extensive $13.5 million renovation and expansion upgrading laboratories and classrooms. This building is now named the Mathematics Building. An observatory at Hunewell Ranch houses a fully robotic research-grade telescope.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Dick Smith Library is a three-floor facility that houses materials including print books, periodicals, curriculum collection, audio-visual material, e-books, streaming media, and special collections. The library provides over 200 computers for student use, including laptops, desktops, and collaborative spaces. There are two study rooms available for reservation, and twelve first come, first served rooms, as well as a meeting room, practice presentation room, and library training center. The library also has a Learning Commons, Tech Spot, and Study Grounds Cafe. More recently, the library has added a Maker Spot, which offers camera equipment available for checkout, a wide-format scanner, 3-D printer, 3-D scanner, and more. The Dick Smith Library participates in the TexShare program, which enables sharing of materials to and from many different libraries across the state of Texas.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton–Fort Worth is a campus located in Tarrant County. The university has maintained a presence in Fort Worth since assuming control of the C.C. Terrell Memorial School of Medical Technology in the 1970s. In 2019, the university opened the first dedicated academic building on an 80–acre campus is located adjacent to the Chisholm Trail Parkway in southwest Tarrant County. The building, referred to as "Building I," is a , three story multi-use facility with classroom, office space, and a library. The campus is projected to enroll over 9,000 students by 2030.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The current and 16th president is Dr. James L. Hurley who was appointed by the Texas A&M University System Board of Regents in August 2017. Dr. Karen Murray is the Chief Academic Officer serving as Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs.


title: Tarleton State University

text: As a member of the Texas A&M University System, Tarleton is one of a network of 11 higher educational institutions administered by a Chancellor and a Board of Regents. Regents are appointed by the Governor. The current Chancellor is John Sharp and chair of the Board of Regents is Elaine Mendoza.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton State University athletics currently competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Western Athletic Conference. They were admitted into the WAC on July 1, 2020, therefore ending their 26-year stint at the Division II level with the Lone Star Conference. Their admission into the conference in 1995 marks their second period of membership, having previously participated from 1968 to 1975. They were a founding member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) in 1976 and remained in that league until 1990. From 1991 to 1994 Tarleton played as an Independent.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton left the LSC and Division II in July 2020 to join the Division I Western Athletic Conference. Because the WAC does not sponsor football, Tarleton football will play as a Division I FCS independent.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The teams are known as the "Texans". Athletes were known as the "Plowboys" before the college became a four-year institution in 1961.


title: Tarleton State University

text: When women's sports were introduced in 1968–69, those teams played under the "Texans" nickname, but due to the desire of that day's female athletes to play under a distinctive nickname, the women's nickname was changed the next school year. "Texanns", "Tex-Anns", and "TexAnns" were used interchangeably until 1972–73, when "TexAnns" was officially settled on. Following a campaign initially led by two players and a (female) student manager in the women's basketball program, Tarleton returned the "Texans" nickname to women's teams in 2019–20.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The basketball and volleyball teams play at Wisdom Gym. The football team plays at Memorial Stadium. The baseball team plays at Cecil Ballow Baseball Complex. The softball team plays at the Tarleton Softball Complex.


title: Tarleton State University

text: Tarleton State University fields six men's varsity sports and eight women's varsity sports in the Lone Star Conference:


title: Tarleton State University

text: The music program at Tarleton State University is fully accredited member of the National Association of Schools of the Music (NASM). It is housed in the elegant Clyde H. Wells Fine Arts Center, one of the top performance venues among colleges and universities in the Southwest. This multi-purpose fine arts complex contains three theatres: a 243-seat recital hall, an 805-seat auditorium, and the workshop theatre. There is a 16 keyboard piano lab and computer lab. The instrument collection includes two nine-foot concert Steinway grand pianos, the Waggener Memorial Organ – a tracker two-manual pipe organ, a Richard Kingston harpsichord, and several Steinway grand pianos that are designated for piano majors to practice. The Music department at Tarleton State University currently offers three degrees, which are Bachelor of Arts in Music, Bachelor of Music in Music Education (with all-level certification) and the Bachelor of Music in Performance. It currently offers one online graduate degree, Master of Music in Music Education. The program has over 150 full-time enrolled students with 80% of the majority being instrumental studies and 20% being vocal studies. The Tarleton music department hosts many festivals and clinics throughout the school year, including Brass Day, TMEA All-Region Band clinics, Jazz Festival, Invitational Band Festival, TMEA Area Choir clinics, and the Let All Men Sing!


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Tarleton Band program offers many ensembles, which are open to both music majors and non-music majors:


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Texan Corps of Cadets was founded in 1917 when John Tarleton Agriculture College joined the Texas A&M University system. The Corps of Cadets was initially known as "Johns Army". The Corps of Cadets survived through the end of the 1950s. Until 2016 the school had only an Army ROTC program. However, in 2016 the Texan Corps of Cadets was brought back to the university.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The Texan Corps of Cadets offers students an opportunity to obtain a minor in Leadership Studies. All cadets live together in a residence hall at Tarleton called Traditions. All cadets wear their uniforms to class every day and must abide by the regulations set forth in the "Chisel".


title: Tarleton State University

text: "Oscar P." was, according to legend, John Tarleton's pet duck who went everywhere with him. The two were so close that the duck is supposedly buried with Mr. Tarleton. During athletic events, a common sight is students chanting to raise the spirit of Oscar P.


title: Tarleton State University

text: "TTP – Ten Tarleton Peppers" (1921) and "TTS – Ten Tarleton Sisters" (1923) are the two oldest spirit organizations on campus, also in the state of Texas, and are precursors of the "Purple Poo", a secret organization which promotes school spirit. The members in this organization keep their identities secret by appearing in public in costume. The still-secret organization gathers to make "Poo Say" signs each Monday night. The "Poo Say" signs appear on campus every Tuesday morning and occasionally comment on campus political life and student life. The "Poo Say" signs are nailed to the trees on campus and most are designed to promote school spirit.


title: Tarleton State University

text: "The Plowboys", originally the mascot for Tarleton athletic teams, but more recently known as a spirit organization, are recognized by the purple and white shirts, cowboy hats, and maroon chaps. Founded in 1984 they are also the ones that do the Bonfire every year.


title: Tarleton State University

text: "Texan Rider" is Tarleton's current mascot that at one time rode a horse during the football games (tradition was discontinued due to the renovated stadium), and is also recognized by his/her purple chaps. The Texan Rider has been the mascot of Tarleton since 1961 when the student body chose the Texans and TexAnns to represent its athletic teams.


title: Tarleton State University

text: "Silver Taps", a ceremony held to honor Tarleton's faculty, staff, students, and alumni who have died over the past year, is held in the spring during Founder's Week.


title: Tarleton State University

text: During the 1980s, the Student Government Association (SGA) added the Yell Contest to Homecoming Week, and it quickly established itself as a traditional component of the celebration. Student organizations perform step and dance moves to original chants and lyrics; a panel of judges selects the top two teams. The winning team has the honor of beating the drum immediately following the Plowboys.


title: Tarleton State University

text: The John Tarleton Spirit Award originated in 1988, and is given to up to 12 students annually at the Leadership and Service Awards Banquet. Recipients are chosen based on campus involvement through organizations, special projects, and activities that contribute to the overall growth of the individual.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: David Alexander Clarke, Jr., (born August 21, 1956) is an American former law enforcement official who served as Sheriff of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, from 2002 to 2017.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2002, Clarke was appointed to the position by Republican Governor Scott McCallum and later elected that same year to his first four-year term. He was reelected in November 2006, 2010 and 2014. Although Clarke declared himself as a Democrat after his appointment as sheriff and ran as a Democrat in a heavily Democratic county, many of Clarke's political views align with those of conservative Republicans; he refused to join the Wisconsin Democratic Party, instead promoting conservative views, and allying himself with Republican officials.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: As sheriff, Clarke frequently clashed with other Milwaukee County officials over the budget and other matters, and came under scrutiny for deaths and alleged mistreatment of jail inmates. One man died of thirst in what a coroner ruled was a homicide, and pregnant women were handcuffed and shackled while undergoing labor. Clarke frequently appeared as a guest on Fox News through February 2018 and was a speaker at the 2016 Republican National Convention. He resigned as sheriff in August 2017. A vocal supporter of President Donald Trump, Clarke garnered attention for controversial and sometimes inflammatory social-media posts, and was considered for a role in the Trump administration. After resigning as sheriff, Clarke joined the pro-Trump super PAC America First Action as a spokesman and senior advisor; he left the group in 2019.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke was born in Milwaukee, one of five children of Jeri and David Clarke Sr. His father was a paratrooper with the 2nd Ranger Infantry Company. His uncle was NFL player Frank Clarke, whom he idolized.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke Jr. attended Marquette University High School where he played for the varsity basketball team. After finishing high school, Clarke took classes at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee but dropped out during his first year when he got a job driving beer trucks.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: His career in law enforcement began in 1978 at the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD). He "rose through the ranks at a slow but steady pace in his 24 years with the department." Clarke was a patrol officer for eleven years and then a homicide detective; he was promoted to lieutenant of detectives in 1993 and captain in 1999.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke's career was not without controversy; in 1994, the mother of a 15-year-old boy filed a complaint alleging that Clarke used excessive force when arresting her son. According to public documents, Clarke was returning from a vacation when he spotted five teenagers heaving rocks at passing cars. Clarke chased down the teens, drew his service revolver and ordered them to lie on the ground. He admitted to using his foot to turn one boy over as he searched for weapons. The boy's mother claimed Clarke put a gun to her son's head and kicked him in the side, causing bruised ribs that required medical attention. However, the Fire and Police Commission ruled there was insufficient evidence to charge Clarke and dismissed the case.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 1999, Clarke received a B.A. in Management of Criminal Justice from Concordia University Wisconsin's School of Adult and Continuing Education. In January 2002, Milwaukee County Sheriff Leverett F. Baldwin resigned midway through his term to take a pension payout. Clarke was one of ten applicants for the position, and Governor Scott McCallum appointed him on March 19, 2002. He was elected to a full term later in 2002, and was reelected in 2006, 2010, and 2014.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2013, Clarke received a master's degree in security studies from the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). In May 2017, CNN reported that Clarke had plagiarized portions of the thesis he completed as part of the requirements for this degree, stating that in the thesis, "Clarke failed to properly attribute his sources at least 47 times." The thesis ("Making U.S. security and privacy rights compatible") was found to have lifted material verbatim from several sources without proper citation, including reports by the American Civil Liberties Union, "The 9/11 Commission Report", and George W. Bush's memoir "Decision Points". Clarke provided footnotes to sources that he used, but did not properly place quotations around verbatim words of his sources, which is an act of plagiarism according to the NPS. Following the report, the NPS removed the thesis from its online archive. In response to the report, Clarke called journalist Andrew Kaczynski, who broke the story, a "sleaze bag" and denied that he had plagiarized.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In a July 2017 letter to Clarke, NPS dean of students, Commander Paul Rasmussen, wrote that he concurred with the Honor Code Board that Clarke's thesis was "in violation" of the school's honor code but that the "violation was not a result of any intentional deception or misappropriation efforts." Rasmussen instructed Clarke to submit a revised thesis within 100 days or NPS would "initiate degree revocation." Clarke received several extensions on the original deadline before submitting his revised thesis in March 2018; NPS officials informed Clarke that his edits were satisfactory, and allowed him to retain his degree.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke has "built a following among conservatives with his provocative social media presence and strong support of Donald Trump." His prominence as a right-wing firebrand has made him a controversial and polarizing figure.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2015, Clarke received criticism for his statement on his podcast: "Let me tell you why blacks sell drugs and involve themselves in criminal behavior instead of a more socially acceptable lifestyle: because they're uneducated, they're lazy and they're morally bankrupt. That's why."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2017, Clarke attracted attention and criticism for trading racial insults with Marc Lamont Hill, an African-American CNN commentator; on Twitter, Clarke used a racial slur ("jigaboo") to insult Hill.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke is a frequent and vociferous critic of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, referring to it as "Black Lies Matter" and describing the movement as a hate group. Clarke denies that police officers are more willing to shoot black suspects than white suspects, has labeled BLM activists "subhuman creeps", and has called for the targeted eradication of the movement "from American society." He has also claimed that Black Lives Matter would eventually join forces with ISIS in order to destroy American society. He has urged the Southern Poverty Law Center to include BLM among the hate groups it monitors. Clarke has blamed "liberal policies" for rioting and other issues in American cities. Clarke's stance on the movement has been criticized by the Milwaukee chapter of the NAACP and other activists.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke has harshly criticized various black critics of police abuses. He has called former Attorney General Eric Holder an "a[ss]hole" and accused him in testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee of "outright hostility" toward police, referred to Al Sharpton as a "charlatan" and criticized Beyoncé for her reference to the Black Panthers in her halftime-show performance at the 2016 Super Bowl.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In January 2013, Clarke was featured on a series of public radio ads that said citizens could no longer rely on the police for timely protection and should arm themselves. Later that month, Clarke appeared on the CNN program "Piers Morgan Live", with Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett, who "said it was irresponsible of Clarke to 'basically imply' that it won't help citizens to call 911 when they need help."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2015, Clarke traveled to Moscow on a $40,000 trip, with all expenses paid by the NRA, Pete Brownell (an NRA board member and CEO of a gun-parts supply company) and "The Right to Bear Arms," a Russian pro-firearms organization, founded by Maria Butina, a Russian national, who pleaded guilty in 2018 to being an unregistered Russian agent. During the meeting, Clarke met the Russian foreign minister and attended a conference at which Russian official Aleksander Torshin, a close ally of Vladimir Putin, spoke.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2018, Clarke attracted attention for using Twitter to promote a conspiracy theory about the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida; Clarke tweeted that "The well ORGANIZED effort by Florida school students demanding gun control has GEORGE SOROS' FINGERPRINTS all over it", suggesting that the students from Parkland were being manipulated by Soros to organize for gun control.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke has called for the suspension of "habeas corpus" in the United States in a December 2015 appearance on his radio program, where he asserted that there were "hundreds of thousands" or "maybe a million" people who "have pledged allegiance or are supporting ISIS, giving aid and comfort," and stated that "our commander in chief ought to utilize Article I, Section 9" to imprison them at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp "and hold them indefinitely under a suspension of habeas corpus."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: After his appointment to the sheriff's post by McCallum, Clarke declared himself as Democrat, but refused to join the Wisconsin Democratic Party, instead promoting conservative views, and allying himself with Republican officials. Clarke ran for sheriff as a Democrat, which is advantageous in heavily Democratic Milwaukee County. However, Clarke is almost universally regarded as a staunch right-wing conservative. Clarke frequently criticizes Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett and other Democrats; often speaks at Republican events, and is allies with the National Rifle Association, which has raised funds for his re-election campaigns. Clarke has in turn been criticized by the local Democratic Party. On his website in 2014, Clarke stated that he questioned "why the Office of Sheriff is a partisan election" and wrote: "I have never asked a person to vote for me because I run as a Democrat. I ask them to vote for me based on my 35-year commitment to keeping citizens safe. Most voters get it when it comes to public safety. There is no Democrat or Republican way to be a sheriff. The enemy is not the opposing party; the enemy is the criminal."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2016, Maurice Chammah of The Marshall Project characterized Clarke as an "iconoclastic sheriff," one of "a long line of controversy-courting lawmen" that includes Richard Mack and Joe Arpaio in Arizona. Clarke attracted attention for "dalliances with the far right" over time including his acceptance in 2013 of the "Sheriff of the Year Award" from the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association, a group of sheriffs founded by Mack that has been criticized by the Southern Poverty Law Center for espousing radical-right views. Earlier the same year, Clarke appeared for an interview on the syndicated show of Alex Jones.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke has often clashed with the county government over the sheriff's office budget, engaging "in a long-running, high-profile tiff" over the issue with Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele, "with Clarke providing the more incendiary rhetoric." Abele's proposed budget for 2014 would cut $12 million from the Sheriff's Office budget, eliminating 69 jobs and "shifting park patrols, emergency management, 911 communications and training divisions" to other entities, such as the Milwaukee Police Department, suburban police departments, and the county Department of Emergency Preparedness. Abele described the budget as a way to refocus the sheriff's office on "core, mandated services." Clarke issued a statement calling Abele a "vindictive little man" and saying that "Abele should be drug-tested. He has to be on heroin or hallucinating with that statement." Abele responded by saying that it was "unfortunate the sheriff, instead of engaging in thoughtful civil discourse, is making personal attacks and making light of a serious problem in our community and state."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2015, Clarke clashed with Abele again after Clarke filed a lawsuit against the county over the sheriff's budget, seeking $25 million in funds to hire 75 deputies, 43 House of Corrections officers and 17 supervisors. Clarke argued that his office is underfunded by the county, while Abele noted that the sheriff's office had received the largest increase of any county department and criticized Clarke for having what he termed "a very heavy command staff," "a lot of unnecessary overtime," and redundancies in courthouse security. Clarke sued Abele, alleging that he had violated Clarke's right to free speech through the budget process; a federal judge dismissed Clarke's suit in April 2016.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: A county audit released in 2012 showed that the Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office used asset forfeiture funds to buy exercise equipment for Clarke's command staff, for a Disney training, and for a mounted patrol unit. The audit reported that the spending violated county procurement rules, although not federal rules on the use of seized money. Clarke was criticized for the amount of money spent on the mounted patrol by County Supervisor Patricia Jursik; Clarke defended the office's use of the funds.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: According to an Associated Press tally, from 2012 to April 2016, Clarke had incurred more than $310,000 in legal fees for his private attorney, who represented him in litigation against Milwaukee County. Milwaukee County taxpayers paid the legal fees. The county spent an additional $83,000 defending itself against Clarke's lawsuits.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2012, the Milwaukee County Sheriff's office under Clarke spent $75,000 on an order of 565 new Glock handguns with "glow-in-the-dark" sights, "enough to outfit each of the department's 275 deputies with two of the popular guns and still have some left over." The order was criticized as excessive by critics, including county Supervisor John Weishan Jr. (who said there "was absolutely no reason to justify" the purchase) and the Milwaukee County Deputy Sheriffs Association president (who said that he would have preferred the sheriff's department to use funds to re-hire laid-off deputies rather than to replace weapons). Clarke declined to comment, but a department official defended the purchase.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In January 2014, Clarke announced he was considering a run for mayor of Milwaukee in 2016, but ultimately decided not to run, instead endorsing Republican Alderman Bob Donovan's unsuccessful bid to unseat Mayor Tom Barrett.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In January 2008, a National Institute of Corrections audit of the Milwaukee County House of Correction in Franklin identified 44 areas of concern, calling the House of Correction "dysfunctional" and determining that it suffered from "serious security, staff morale and management flaws." The House of Corrections was at the time a separate Milwaukee County department overseen by a superintendent who reported to then Milwaukee County Executive Scott Walker. Walker and the County Board transferred control over the House to the Sheriff's Department under Clarke on January 1, 2009.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke was repeatedly accused of abusing detainees at the county jail. Following the deaths of four inmates at the jail in six months, the United States Department of Justice launched an investigation of the jail. Milwaukee County chief medical examiner Brian Peterson accused Clarke of verbally harassing and threatening him in an October 2016 telephone conversation after Peterson's office made the mysterious deaths of two inmates at the jail earlier that year public. According to the "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel", Clarke also attracted attention for temper-related incidents: "He once berated a 911 dispatcher for not being professional, threatened to arrest the new House of Correction chief and called a sergeant a 'terrorist' and 'cancer' in a two-hour, expletive-filled rant".


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: The Milwaukee County Jail turned the water off to inmate Terrill Thomas's cell, resulting in his death by dehydration on April 24, 2016. According to inmates, the water was turned off for six days and the staff refused to provide water to Thomas. On September 15, 2016, the Milwaukee medical examiner ruled Thomas's death a homicide. Later that day Clarke's office sent out a press release which stated it would be "withholding employee internal investigations and will not be commenting on this matter until the completion of all investigative and review processes, and any resultant civil litigation." Clarke did not comment publicly on his agency's handling of Thomas's incarceration, but has highlighted Thomas's poor physical health and criminal history.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In May 2017, after hearing six days of testimony at an inquest, a Milwaukee County jury found probable cause that seven jail employees (two supervisors, five officers) had committed a crime—specifically, abuse of a resident of a penal facility—and recommended that charges be brought. In February 2018, three Milwaukee jail officers were charged with a felony in connection with Thomas's death. Clarke was not charged. District Attorney John T. Chisholm said "he believed his office had charged the people who were most culpable."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In May 2019, Milwaukee County and the health care company Armor Correctional Health Services Inc. settled the lawsuit for $6.75 million, which is one of the largest settlements related to the death of an inmate in an American prison.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke's department came under fire for its use of restraints on pregnant women inmates. This controversial practice has been abolished or restricted by at least ten states and has been prohibited by the Wisconsin Department of Corrections as well as by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2014, a woman who was handcuffed and shackled for 21 hours while in labor sued the county. In 2017, a second lawsuit was filed by another woman who was shackled while giving birth, and while hospitalized for prenatal care and postpartum treatment. The suit contends that the jail has a blanket policy of shackling all hospitalized inmates, "regardless of their criminal or medical history," and that at least 40 women were shackled in this manner.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In June 2017, a federal jury awarded $6.7 million in a lawsuit by a woman who accused a Milwaukee County Jail guard of raping her on at least five occasions when she was 19 years old and pregnant. Criminal charges of sexual assault had been dropped against the guard after he pled no contest to lesser charges in 2014.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In July 2016, a pregnant inmate at the jail with serious mental illness went into labor and the newborn baby died. The mother filed a federal lawsuit against the Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office, stating that she was denied medical attention before her pregnancy, had medical appointments canceled, received prenatal vitamins only once, and was "laughed at" by guards after going into labor. This death and others at the jail prompted calls for Clarke's resignation from a county supervisor and several Democratic state legislators.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2006, Clarke invited members of an Evangelical Christian organization, the Fellowship of Christian Centurions, to speak at several mandatory employee meetings, at which the group members proselytized. Several deputies complained about the Centurions' proselytizing, but Clarke refused to stop the presentations. The sheriff deputies' union and two individual sheriff's deputies (a Catholic and a Muslim) successfully sued Clarke in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. Clarke appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, which upheld the lower court's ruling in 2009. The sheriff did not seek review in the U.S. Supreme Court.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In February 2017, a Detroit-area man, Dan Black, filed a harassment lawsuit against Clarke after Milwaukee deputies detained the man at the Milwaukee airport in January. The man had asked Clarke about his football team preference and shook his head at Clarke. On the tarmac, Clarke sent text messages to one of his captains, Mark Witek, directing sheriffs' deputies to detain Black. Clarke wrote: "Question for him is why he said anything to me. Why didn't he just keep his mouth shut? Follow him to baggage and out the door. You can escort me to carousel after I point him out." After arriving at the airport, Black was "met by a group of six uniformed deputies and two dogs, all of whom were accompanied by the sheriff" who questioned him before releasing him. Airport surveillance video showed Black telling deputies: "He [Clarke] thinks because I asked who he is, he can exert that kind of power over me." Local media reported that "at least one of the deputies who was ordered to confront Black didn't believe he had been disruptive."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: After Black filed a complaint with the Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office, Clarke responded by taunting and threatening Black via Facebook. Black's counsel states that Clarke engaged in a "gross and arbitrary abuse of power" and ordered an unlawful stop and detention. An ensuing civil lawsuit by Black resulted in 2018 in a verdict in Clarke's favor; the jury found that Clarke's Facebook posts did not chill Black's exercise of his First Amendment rights.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: The incident drew national attention, prompting federal investigations to examine Clarke's conduct. In a May 2017 letter, the U.S. Attorney's Office declined to prosecute Clarke for federal civil-rights offenses, writing: "Our decision is not meant to affirm the wisdom or propriety of what occurred. It reflects only our belief that it would be difficult or impossible to prove a violation of the only federal statute available to us ... beyond a reasonable doubt."


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Milwaukee County auditors launched an investigation into whether Clarke abused taxpayer resources during the airport incident. Clarke refused to cooperate with the investigation, and blocked auditors from interviewing Milwaukee County sheriff's deputies. Clarke's refusal to cooperate in the investigation prompted the Milwaukee County Board to authorize legal action against Clarke on the issue. An affidavit filed by the FBI in March 2017 (and made public in December 2017) indicated that "investigators for the Audit Services Division of the Milwaukee County controller's office determined as part of its own investigation that Clarke had 'used his official position as sheriff of Milwaukee County in excess of his lawful authority to direct his deputies to stop and question Black without legal justification.'"


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In a January 2017 poll conducted by Public Policy Polling, which surveyed Milwaukee County voters, 31% approved of the job Clarke was doing, compared to 62% who disapproved. In the same poll, 65% said they believed Clarke had a negative impact on the image of Milwaukee County, and among registered Democrats, 13% said they would vote for Clarke in a hypothetical Democratic primary, compared to 82% who would prefer another candidate.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke is a strong supporter of Republican Donald Trump, saying during Trump's 2016 presidential campaign that he would "do everything I can" to help Trump win the presidency. Clarke spoke at the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio. In October 2016, Clarke tweeted, "It's incredible that our institutions of gov, WH, Congress, DOJ, and big media are corrupt & all we do is bitch. Pitchforks and torches time." with an attached photo of an angry mob holding pitchforks and torches. Clarke met with Trump, when Trump was president-elect, about a possible position in his administration.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In May 2017, Clarke said in a radio interview that he would take the post of Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Partnership and Engagement in the Trump administration. The White House declined to comment, and the Department of Homeland Security stated that no appointment had been officially made. The position does not require Senate confirmation.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: The DHS did not say whether the appointment was actually offered to Clarke. Following a CNN report on plagiarism in his master's thesis, Clarke said that he was unsure if the Trump administration would hire him.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: The prospective appointment of Clarke was criticized by Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele; former Homeland Security official Juliette Kayyem; and California Senator Kamala Harris, who sits on the Senate Homeland Security Committee. Harris wrote that "Clarke's unconscionable record makes him unfit to serve" and that the "appointment is a disgrace." On June 17, Clarke rescinded his acceptance of the post. John F. Kelly, who had been the Secretary of Homeland Security at the time, told Clarke that he would not be given a position at the DHS in part due to scandal surrounding the treatment of inmates in Clarke's jail and the ensuing negative media attention.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke "has become a fixture of conservative media" and in 2015 began hosting a podcast talk show, "David Clarke: The People's Sheriff", on Glenn Beck's TheBlaze Radio Network, where he has expressed support for the occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Clarke also frequently appeared as a guest on Fox News, and on one occasion in September 2015 guest-hosted "The Sean Hannity Show". However, in March 2019, "The Daily Beast" reported that Clarke had essentially been banned from Fox News and that he had not appeared on Fox News since February 2018. He also appeared on CNN, Fox News, and other major news outlets to discuss ongoing police controversies.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke's higher profile coincided with an increase in his speaking fees and time spent outside Milwaukee County on outside activities. In 2015 financial disclosure documents, Clarke reported receiving $150,000 in speaking fees, travel reimbursements, gifts and other items; in 2016, he received $220,000 worth of such items. Also in 2016, Clarke spent about 60 days traveling or attending events, 59 of them outside Wisconsin. Clarke's absences from the county, as well as redactions in his official schedule as provided to journalists who made public-records requests, led to "increasing scrutiny over his job performance" from local media outlets and criticism from the Wisconsin Freedom of Information Council. Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele has repeatedly criticized Clarke's absences from the county.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: A few days after his resignation as sheriff, it was announced that Clarke had joined pro-Donald Trump super PAC America First Action as a spokesman and senior advisor, where his role was to make regular appearances in the media, particularly on Fox News. However, by March 2019, Clarke was reportedly banned from Fox News (his last appearance on a Fox channel occurring in February 2018); Clarke repeatedly criticized Fox and praised the right-wing One America News Network. The cause of Clarke's break with Fox News was unclear, although Clarke's inflammatory Twitter posts and attacks on the high-school students victimized in the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida may have played a role. By early 2019, Clarke had also left his position with the Trump's America First Action super PAC; a Clarke staffer said that he had joined Brian Kolfage's and Steve Bannon's "We Build The Wall" group instead.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In 2017, Clarke published a book titled "Cop Under Fire: Moving Beyond Hashtags of Race, Crime and Politics for a Better America". The book was promoted by Trump on Twitter.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In January 2018, Clarke was temporarily suspended by Twitter after posting three messages appearing to encourage violence against the media, including a tweet reading "Punch them in the nose & MAKE THEM TASTE THEIR OWN BLOOD." Clarke was unblocked by Twitter after deleting the posts.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Later in 2018, Clarke was featured on Sacha Baron Cohen's spoof comedy series "Who Is America?", being interviewed by Baron Cohen's alter-ego, far-Right YouTuber OMGWhizzBoyOMG.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In March 2020, Twitter deleted three of Clarke's posts for promoting disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. One of his tweets proclaimed that COVID-19 was "just the damn flu" while another called measures to prevent the spread of the virus "an orchestrated attempt to destroy capitalism." Clarke responded by labeling Twitter administrators "totalitarian bigots" and saying that he would join Parler instead.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: In August 2020, a report in "Urban Milwaukee" itemized Clarke's role since 2019 in Steve Bannon and Brian Kolfage's We Build the Wall scam, as an active member and a central figure in many of its fundraising efforts.


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke frequently appears at public events on horseback wearing a cowboy hat. He often wore 20 or more pins and badges on his uniform when in public, many not of official meaning or purpose, leading to accusations of "stolen valor" (i.e., trying to create the image of heroic accomplishments).


title: David Clarke (sheriff)

text: Clarke married his wife Julie in 1996; she was a court clerk and later a real estate agent. They lived on the northwest side of Milwaukee. In 2018, Clarke filed for divorce from his wife.


title: El Alto

text: El Alto (Spanish for "The Heights") is the second-largest city in Bolivia, located adjacent to La Paz in Pedro Domingo Murillo Province on the Altiplano highlands. El Alto is today one of Bolivia's fastest-growing urban centers, with an estimated population of 943,558 in 2020. It is also the highest major city in the world, with an average elevation of .


title: El Alto

text: The El Alto–La Paz metropolitan area, formed by La Paz, El Alto, Achocalla, Viacha, and Mecapaca, constitutes the most populous urban area of Bolivia, with a population of about 2.2 million.


title: El Alto

text: The dry and inclement plain above La Paz was uninhabited until 1903 when the newly built railways from Lake Titicaca and Arica reached the rim of the canyon, where the La Paz terminus, railyards and depots were built along with a settlement of railway workers (a spur line down into the canyon opened in 1905). In 1925, the airfield was built as a base for the new air force, which attracted additional settlement. In 1939, El Alto's first elementary school opened. El Alto started to grow tremendously in the 1950s when the settlement was connected to La Paz's water supply (before this, all water had to be transported from La Paz in tanker vehicles) and building land in the canyon became more and more scarce and expensive. In an administrative reform in March 1985, the district of El Alto and its surroundings were politically separated from the City of La Paz (this date is officially referred to and celebrated as the city's "founding day"). In 1987, El Alto was formally incorporated as a city. In 1994, the city became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of El Alto.


title: El Alto

text: El Alto is the largest city in Latin America with a mostly Indigenous population. About 76% of its inhabitants are Aymara, 9% are Quechua, 15% are Mestizo (descendants of Indigenous and Europeans), and less than 0.1% are Criollos (White). El Alto was once known as La Paz's bedroom community, though recent growth of commerce and industry has led some local authorities to claim the title of "Bolivia's Economic Capital." With this industrial growth, there is concern about water pollution by businesses, including tanneries and slaughterhouses, for the city and communities downstream. Rapid population growth means the city struggles to bring potable water and sewer service to parts of the population, especially on the fringes of the expanding urban area. Much of the city's roads are unpaved and most citizens do not have access to running water, sewerage, electricity, or garbage collection for their homes.