title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: In the October 1987 issue of "Crash", the reviewer Tony described it as "the best game of its kind around" and "thoroughly addictive". In the November 1987 issue of "Your Sinclair", reviewer Peter Shaw stated that if "you liked Taito's "Renegade", you'll jest lurve "Double Dragon"", describing it as "a streetfighting beat 'em up, but much nastier", with sprites "much bigger than the ones in "Renegade", which adds to the realism", and "gruesome sound effects", concluding that it is "great stuff, and really good value, even for 30p a throw".


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: The critical reception of the home versions varied depending on the quality of the conversions. The Master System port was well received, including positive reviews from "Computer and Video Games", "The Games Machine", and "Mean Machines Sega". The NES version was also well received, including a positive review from "Computer and Video Games".


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: The home computer versions received mixed reviews. "Computer Gaming World" noted the limitations of a joystick caused the IBM and C64 ports to use fewer moves than the arcade, the C64 port, in particular, being "a pale shadow of the original". "Compute!" wrote that the Commodore 64 version added a two-player mode, but lacked some arcade features such as moving objects, climbing most ladders, and detailed animation. The Mega Drive version also received mixed reviews; "Mega" placed the game at #10 on their list of the 10 Worst Mega Drive Games of All Time.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: "Double Dragon" has been listed among the best video games of all time, by publications such as "Electronic Gaming Monthly", "Empire", and "Game Informer", as well as sites such as G4, GameSpot, GamingBolt, Killer List of Videogames, NowGamer, and Yahoo! Spanner of "Retro Gamer" magazine named it his favorite game of all time.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: "Double Dragon" ushered in a "Golden Age" for the beat 'em up genre that took it to new heights with its detailed set of martial arts attacks and its two-player cooperative gameplay. "Double Dragon"'s success resulted in a flood of beat 'em ups in the late 1980s. Subsequent beat 'em ups during the late 1980s to 1990s followed the conventions set by "Double Dragon".


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: "Double Dragon" was followed by two arcade sequels: "" in 1988 and "" in 1990. Both games were also followed by various home versions. Technōs produced the fourth game in the series titled "Super Double Dragon", released for the SNES in 1992. In 1993, a crossover, titled "Battletoads & Double Dragon" and featuring characters from both franchises, was released for various platforms. Also in 1993, a Game Gear game by Virgin Games was released titled "Double Dragon: The Revenge of Billy Lee". Billy and Jimmy also appeared in the 1990 NES game "Super Spike V'Ball". The characters of Randy and Andy in the 1989 NES game "River City Ransom" are based on Billy and Jimmy; in Japan, they are known as Ryūichi and Ryūji and they appear in later "Kunio-kun" games as well.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: Another game developed by WayForward Technologies, "Double Dragon Neon", was released in 2012 for Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: "Double Dragon" also spawned a series of related media in the United States, which includes a six-issue comic published by Marvel in 1991, an animated TV series which ran for two seasons from 1993 to 1995, which influenced a live-action film in 1994. In turn, the animated series and movie inspired their respective video game spin-offs as well, both which were fighting games. The cartoon inspired the Tradewest-developed "", released in 1994 for the SNES and Genesis (also ported to the Atari Jaguar), while characters and plot elements from the film were adapted into the 1995 Technōs-developed the Neo-Geo version of "Double Dragon".


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: "Double Dragon" is one of the video games featured in the manga titled "Rock'n Game Boy", by Shigeto Ikehara and Published by Comic BomBom October 1989 to December 1991.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: Not specific to any format/system, the original game was used as a clue in the 2015 episode of "Jeopardy!" in the category "The Marian Kind" in the first round on February 17.


title: Double Dragon (video game)

text: A soundtrack titled was released in Japan by Apollon and composed by Kazunaka Yamane, on February 21, 1988. The soundtrack features arranged versions of the music from the original arcade version. Its catalog number is BY12-5028.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The monarchy of Barbados was a system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign and head of state of Barbados from 1966 to 2021. Barbados shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms, with the country's monarchy being separate and legally distinct. The Barbadian monarch's operational and ceremonial duties were mostly delegated to her representative, the Governor-General of Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian monarchy was created by the Barbados Independence Act 1966, which transformed the Colony of Barbados into the independent sovereign state of Barbados of today. The only Barbadian monarch to reign from the independence of Barbados to the monarchy's abolition was Queen Elizabeth II. As a result, the monarch was officially titled "Queen of Barbados" and, in this capacity, she and other members of the Barbadian Royal Family undertook public and private functions domestically and abroad as representatives of the Barbadian state. The Crown primarily functioned as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: In September 2020, the Governor-General, acting as the Queen's representative, announced in the Throne Speech that Barbados would transition from a constitutional monarchy to a republic by the end of November 2021. After 55 years of independence, the Barbadian monarchy was abolished on 30 November 2021, when Barbados became a republic within the Commonwealth with a president as its head of state.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian monarchy can trace its origins to Barbados' history as a colony first of England and then as part of the British Empire. Barbados was claimed under King James I of England in 1625, though not colonised until 1627, when, in the name of King Charles I, Governor Charles Wolferstone established the first settlement on the island. By the 18th century, Barbados became one of the main seats of British authority in the British West Indies, though, due to the economic burden of duties and trade restrictions, some Barbadians, including the Clerk of the General Assembly, attempted to declare in 1727 that the Act of Settlement 1701 had expired in the colony, since the Governor, Henry Worsley, had not received a new commission from King George II upon his accession to the throne. Thus, they refused to pay their taxes to a governor they recognised as having no authority. The Attorney and Solicitor General of Great Britain confirmed that Worsley was entitled to collect the dues owed, but, Worsley resigned his post before the directive arrived in Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: After attempting in 1958 a federation with other West Indian colonies, Barbados continued as a self-governing colony under the Colonial Office, until independence came with the signing of the Barbados Independence Order in 1966 by Queen Elizabeth II. The "Barbados Independence Act 1966" of the Parliament of the United Kingdom transformed the Colony of Barbados into a sovereign state with an independent constitutional monarchy. The Queen's cousin, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, represented her at the independence celebrations. On Independence Day, the Prince opened the second session of the first parliament, on behalf of the Queen.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Since Barbadian independence in 1966, the Barbadian Crown had both a shared and a separate character, as the Barbadian sovereign was equally shared with other monarchies in the Commonwealth of Nations, while the sovereign's role as monarch of Barbados—represented by a viceroy, the Governor-General of Barbados—was distinct to his or her position as monarch of any other realm, including the United Kingdom. Only Barbadian ministers of the Crown could advise the sovereign on matters of the Barbadian state. The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution and in Barbados became a Barbadian, or "domesticated" establishment.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: This division was illustrated in a number of ways: The sovereign, for example, held a unique Barbadian title and, when she was acting in public specifically as a representative of Barbados, she used, where possible, Barbadian symbols, including the country's national flag, unique royal symbols, and the like. Per the Barbadian National Anthem law, upon arrival or departure of the Sovereign or a member of the Barbadian Royal Family, only the Barbadian national anthem (In Plenty and In Time of Need) was played.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: A claim made by supporters of the monarchy was that it "keeps the line of stability open"; the sovereign's usual location outside the country meant legitimate executive power would be unaffected by any hostile invasion of Barbados or other event that rendered the entire sitting government incapacitated or unable to function. Such a situation did not arise; however, it may have helped if the Operation Red Dog-invasion plot, which targeted the Commonwealth of Dominica and likely Barbados, was not halted.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian sovereign was regarded as the personification, or legal personality, of the Barbadian state. Therefore, the state was referred to as "Her Majesty in Right of Barbados". The monarch, her position as sovereign, and not as an individual, was thus the owner of all state lands (called "Crown lands"), buildings and equipment (called "Crown held property"), as well as the copyright for all literary and artistic works (called "Crown copyright"). Government staff (the Civil Service) were also employed by the monarch or the governor-general, as were Supreme Court judges, members of the Barbados Defence Force, police officers, and senators.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: As the embodiment of the Barbadian state, the monarch was the locus of oaths of Allegiance, required of many employees of the Crown, as well as by new citizens, as per the Oath of Citizenship laid out in the Barbados Citizenship Act. This was done in reciprocation to the sovereign's Coronation Oath, wherein she promises to govern the peoples of her realms, "according to their respective laws and customs".


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Barbados' constitution of 1966 gave the country a similar parliamentary system of government to the other Commonwealth realms, wherein the role of the monarch and governor-general was both legal and practical, but not political. The Crown was regarded as a corporation, in which several parts shared the authority of the whole, with the sovereign as the person at the centre of the constitutional construct, meaning all powers of state were constitutionally reposed in the Barbadian monarch. The constitution required most of the Queen's domestic duties to be performed by the governor-general, appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister of Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: All institutions of government acted under the sovereign's authority; the vast powers that belong to the Barbadian Crown were collectively known as the Royal Prerogative. Parliamentary approval was not required for the exercise of the Royal Prerogative; moreover, the consent of the Crown was must before either of the houses of parliament may even debate a bill affecting the sovereign's prerogatives or interests.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The government of Barbados was also thus formally referred to as "Her Majesty's Government". Further, the constitution instructed that any change to the position of the monarch, or the monarch's representative in Barbados, required the consent of two-thirds of all the members of each house of parliament.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: One of the main duties of the Crown was to appoint a prime minister, who thereafter headed the Cabinet and advised the monarch or governor-general on how to execute their executive powers over all aspects of government operations and foreign affairs. The monarch's, and thereby the viceroy's role was almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments and agencies operate, while the Cabinet directed the use of the Royal Prerogative, which included the privilege to declare war, maintain the Queen's peace, and direct the actions of the Barbados Defence Force, as well as to summon and prorogue parliament and call elections. However, it is important to note that the Royal Prerogative belonged to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, though it might have sometimes appeared that way, and the constitution allows the governor-general to unilaterally use these powers in relation to the dismissal of a prime minister, dissolution of parliament, and removal of a judge in exceptional, constitutional crisis situations.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: There were also a few duties which were specifically performed by the Queen, such as appointing the governor-general, or the creation of Barbadian honours.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The governor-general, to maintain the stability of government, appointed as prime minister the individual most likely to maintain the support of the House of Assembly. The governor-general additionally appointed a Cabinet, at the direction of the prime minister, at least five other ministers of the Crown. The Queen was informed by her viceroy of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new prime minister and other members of the ministry, she remained fully briefed through regular communications from her Barbadian ministers, and she held regular audiences with them whenever possible. Members of various executive agencies and other officials are appointed by the Crown. The appointment of privy councillors, senators, and Supreme Court justices also falls under the Royal Prerogative.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Royal Prerogative further extended to foreign affairs: the governor-general ratified treaties, alliances, and international agreements. As with other uses of the Royal Prerogative, no parliamentary approval was required. However, a treaty couldn't alter the domestic laws of Barbados; an Act of Parliament was necessary in such cases. The governor-general, on behalf of the Queen, also accredited Barbadian High Commissioners and ambassadors and received diplomats from foreign states. In addition, the issuance of passports fell under the Royal Prerogative and, as such, all Barbadian passports were issued in the governor-general's name, the monarch's representative in Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The sovereign, along with the Senate and the House of Assembly, was one of the three components of the Barbadian parliament. The authority of the Crown therein was embodied in the mace, which bore a crown at its apex; unlike other realms, however, the Barbados parliament only had a mace for the lower house.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The monarch did not, however, participate in the legislative process; the viceroy did, though only in the granting of Royal Assent. Further, the constitution outlined that the governor-general alone was responsible for appointing senators. The viceroy made twelve senatorial appointments on the advice of the prime minister, two on the advice of leader of the opposition and seven at his own discretion. The viceroy additionally summoned, prorogued, and dissolved parliament; after the latter, the writs for a general election were usually dropped by the governor-general at Government House.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The new parliamentary session was marked by the Opening of Parliament, during which the monarch or the governor-general read the Speech from the Throne. As the monarch and the viceroy couldn't enter the House of Assembly, the Throne Speech took place in the Senate chamber; Members of Parliament were summoned to these ceremonies from the Commons by the Crown's messenger, after he knocked on the doors of the lower house that were slammed closed on him, to symbolise the barring of the monarch from the assembly.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: All laws in Barbados were enacted only with the viceroy's granting of Royal Assent in the monarch's name. Thus, bills began with the phrase: "Be it enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Assembly of Barbados and by the authority of the same as follows". The Royal Assent, and proclamation, were required for all acts of parliament, usually granted or withheld by the Governor-General, with the Public Seal of Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Within the Commonwealth realms, the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the "fount of justice". In Barbados, criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for indictable offences are brought in the sovereign's name in the form of "The Queen versus [Name]". Hence, the common law held that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the monarch cannot be prosecuted in his or her own courts for criminal offences.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian monarch, and by extension the governor-general, on the advice of the Barbadian Cabinet, could also grant immunity from prosecution, exercise the "royal prerogative of mercy", and pardon offences against the Crown, either before, during, or after a trial. The exercise of the 'Prerogative of mercy' to grant a pardon and the commutation of prison sentences is described in section 78 of the 1966 Constitution.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: All Barbadian judges had to swear that they would "well and truly serve" the monarch of Barbados, on taking office. Under the Constitution, the Judicial Oath was:


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: However, the monarch did not personally rule in judicial cases; instead, judicial functions were performed in her name. In international cases, as a sovereign and under established principles of international law, the Queen of Barbados was not subject to suit in foreign courts without her express consent. In addition, the monarch also served as a symbol of the legitimacy of courts of justice and of their judicial authority. An image of the Queen or the Coat of arms of Barbados was always displayed in Barbadian courtrooms. Judges also had a pair of white gloves from the Queen on display on the edge of the bench, which marked the authority of the court, similar to the ceremonial mace of parliament.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Any attempt to kill the monarch or the governor-general was considered "high treason", and the person guilty of the offence was sentenced to death.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: By a royal proclamation in the Barbadian "Official Gazette" in May 1967, the monarch was granted a separate Barbadian title in her role as Queen of Barbados.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The full Barbadian title of Elizabeth II was: "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Barbados and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth".


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: This style reflected Barbados's status as an independent monarchy, highlighting the monarch's role specifically as Queen of Barbados, as well as the shared aspect of the Crown throughout the Commonwealth realms. Typically, the sovereign was styled "Queen of Barbados", and was addressed as such when in Barbados, or performing duties on behalf of Barbados abroad.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: By convention, succession in Barbados was deferred to the laws of the United Kingdom; whoever was monarch of Britain was automatically also the monarch of Barbados. Succession in Britain is, for those born before 28 October 2011, by male-preference primogeniture and, for people born after 28 October 2011, by absolute primogeniture, governed by common law, the Act of Settlement 1701, Bill of Rights 1689, and Succession to the Crown Act 2013.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Though these laws still lie within the control of the British parliament, the United Kingdom agreed, via adopting the Statute of Westminster, not to change the rules of succession without the unanimous consent of the other realms, unless explicitly leaving the shared monarchy relationship. This situation that applies symmetrically in all the other realms and has been likened to a treaty among these countries. Barbados last indicated its consent to alteration to the line of succession in 2013, when the Barbadian Parliament passed the Succession to the Throne Act, 2013, which signified the legislature's acceptance to the British Succession to the Crown Bill 2013.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the fount of honour. Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Barbados, conferred awards and honours in Barbados in her name. Most of them were often awarded on the advice of "Her Majesty's Barbados Ministers".


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian National Honours system was established in 1980 by warrant of the Queen of Barbados under a royal sign manual.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Crown sat at the pinnacle of the Barbados Defence Force. It was reflected in Barbados's naval vessels, which bore the prefix "HMBS", i.e., "Her Majesty's Barbadian Ship".


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: St Edward's Crown appeared on Barbados Defence Force regimental and maritime badges and rank insignia, which illustrated the monarchy as the locus of authority.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Every member of the Barbados Defence Force had to swear allegiance to the Barbadian monarch on taking office. The oath was:


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Queen's Colour of the Barbados Regiment was carried only when a guard was mounted by the Queen of Barbados, the Barbadian Royal Family and the Governor General of Barbados. Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood presented the regiment with its first stand of Colours on 23 February 1953. The Queen's Colour was paraded in Trooping the Colour for the first time on 19 February 1975, in the presence of the Queen. It was also trooped on 21 November 1987 to mark the 21st anniversary of Barbadian Independence, and on 4 June 2012 during the parade in honour of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian Police Force was known as "The Royal Barbados Police Force". The prefix "Royal" was dropped, and its name was changed to "Barbados Police Service", when the Barbadian monarchy was abolished.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Every member of the Royal Barbados Police Force had to swear allegiance to the monarch of Barbados, on taking office. Under the Police Act of Barbados, the oath of office was:


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: From the beginning of Queen Elizabeth II's reign onwards, royal symbols in Barbados were altered to make them distinctly Barbadian or new ones created, such as the Coat of arms of Barbados (presented on 14 February 1966 by the Queen to then President of the Senate Sir Grey Massiah) and the Queen's Royal Standard for Barbados, created in 1975. Second in precedence was the personal flag of the governor-general.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The main symbol of the Barbadian monarchy was the sovereign herself. Thus, framed portraits of her were displayed in public buildings and government offices. A portrait of the Queen also greeted visitors in the immigration queue at the airport in Bridgetown. The Queen also appeared on commemorative Barbadian stamps. A crown was also used to illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, appearing on police force, postal workers, prison officers, and Barbados Defence Force regimental and maritime badges and rank insignia, as well as Barbadian honours, the system of such created through Letters Patent issued by Queen Elizabeth II in July 1980.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Elizabeth II had a personal Barbadian standard, in her role as Queen of Barbados. It was first used when the Queen visited Barbados in 1975. The standard consisted of a yellow field with a bearded fig tree, a long-established symbol of the island of Barbados, and the national flower the Pride of Barbados flowers in each of the upper corners. A blue disc of the letter "E" crowned surrounded by a garland of gold roses was displayed prominently on the flag within the centre of the tree.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: In February 1966, the Queen, along with her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, toured Barbados, opening Barclays Park, in Saint Andrew, amongst other events. During her 1975 visit, the Queen knighted Barbadian cricketer Garfield Sobers in an open-air investiture before a crowd of 50,000 in Bridgetown. The Queen returned for her Silver Jubilee in 1977, after addressing the new session of parliament, she departed on the Concorde, which was the Queen's first supersonic flight. She also was in Barbados in 1989, to mark the 350th anniversary of the establishment of the Barbados parliament, where she received addresses from both houses.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: In 2010, Prince Harry visited Barbados to launch the first Sentebale Polo Cup, and to raise awareness and funding for Sentebale's work.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: To mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee in 2012, the country hosted the Queen's youngest son and his wife, the Earl and Countess of Wessex, between 23 and 24 February 2012. To a joint sitting of the Parliament of Barbados, the Earl read a written message from the Queen, in which the monarch stated she has taken note of the level of development Barbados had achieved during its 45 years of independence and called the country a model small state for others around the world.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Princess Royal visited in 2015. In 2016, Prince Harry visited Barbados on behalf of the Queen, for Barbados' 50th anniversary of independence celebrations. The Queen shared person congratulations to the people and government of Barbados on reaching 50 years of political independence and touched on her family's fondness of Barbados and witnessing development of nation over that time. In her message, the Queen praised Barbadians and said they "have continued to flourish and grow into a strong and confident nation. The extraordinary talents of your people, from the cricket field to the music industry have been admired and recognised throughout the world".


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Former Prime Minister Owen Arthur called for a referendum on becoming a republic to be held in 2005. It was announced on 26 November 2007 that the referendum would be held in 2008, together with the general election. On 2 December 2007, reports emerged that this vote was put off due to concerns raised by the Electoral and Boundaries Commission. Following the election, David Thompson replaced Arthur as prime minister.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: On 22 March 2015, Prime Minister Freundel Stuart announced his intention to move the country towards a republican form of government "in the very near future". The general secretary of the Democratic Labour Party, George Pilgrim, confirmed the move and said that it is expected to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Barbadian independence in 2016. According to the country's constitution, a two-thirds majority in parliament is needed to authorize the change; The Democratic Labour Party had a two-thirds majority in the Senate, but not in the House of Assembly.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: In September 2020, the Barbados Labour Party government of Prime Minister Mia Mottley announced in its Throne Speech that Barbados would become a republic by November 2021, replacing the Queen and Governor-General with a president with the same powers and functions as the monarch. The Barbados Labour Party had a two-thirds majority in both houses of the Barbadian parliament.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: On 20 September 2021, the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 2021 was introduced to the Parliament of Barbados. Passed on 6 October, the Bill made the following amendments to the Constitution of Barbados:


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Governor-General Sandra Mason was on 12 October 2021 jointly nominated by the prime minister and leader of the opposition as candidate for the first president of Barbados, and was subsequently elected by parliament on 20 October.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: The Barbadian monarchy was abolished on 30 November 2021. Sandra Mason was sworn in as the first president of the newly formed republic. In a message to Mason, the former Queen of Barbados sent her congratulations and wished Barbadians happiness, peace, and prosperity for the future. Invited by Prime Minister Mia Mottley, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, as future head of the Commonwealth, attended the Republic Day events and celebrations in Bridgetown. It was the first time that a member of the royal family attended the transition of a realm to a republic. The Prince was awarded the Order of Freedom of Barbados and undertook some public engagements.


title: Monarchy of Barbados

text: Before 2007, a Commonwealth realm transitioning to a republic had to reapply for membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. As this is no longer the case, Barbados became the first country to remain a member having ceased to be a Commonwealth realm without having to reapply for Commonwealth membership.


title: Daytime

text: Daytime as observed on Earth is the period of the day during which a given location experiences natural illumination from direct sunlight. Daytime occurs when the Sun appears above the local horizon, that is, anywhere on the globe's hemisphere facing the Sun. In direct sunlight the movement of the sun can be recorded and observed using a sundial that casts a shadow that slowly moves during the day. Other planets and natural satellites that rotate relative to a luminous primary body, such as a local star, also experience daytime, but this article primarily discusses daytime on Earth.


title: Daytime

text: Approximately half of Earth is illuminated at any time by the Sun. The area subjected to direct illumination is almost exactly half the planet; but because of atmospheric and other effects that extend the reach of indirect illumination, the area of the planet covered by either direct or indirect illumination amounts to slightly more than half the surface.


title: Daytime

text: The hemisphere of Earth experiencing daytime at any given instant changes continuously as the planet rotates on its own axis. The axis of the Earth's rotation is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the Sun (which is parallel with the direction of sunlight), and so the length of the daytime period varies from one point on the planet to another. Additionally, since the axis of rotation is relatively fixed in comparison to the stars, it moves with respect to the Sun as the planet orbits the star. This creates seasonal variations in the length of the daytime period at most points on the planet's surface.


title: Daytime

text: The period of daytime from the standpoint of a surface observer is roughly defined as the period between sunrise, when the Earth's rotation towards the east first causes the Sun's disc to appear above the horizon, to sunset, when the continuing rotation of the Earth causes the Sun's disc to disappear below the horizon to the west. Because the Sun is a luminous disc as seen from the Earth, rather than a point source of light, sunrise and sunset are not instantaneous and the exact definition of both can vary with context. Additionally, the Earth's atmosphere further bends and diffuses light from the Sun and lengthens the period of sunrise and sunset. For a certain period after sunset and before sunrise, indirect light from the Sun lightens the sky on Earth; this period is often referred to as "twilight." Certain groups, such as Earthly astronomers, do not consider daytime to be truly ended until the Sun's disc is actually well below the Earth's horizon, because of this indirect illumination.


title: Daytime

text: Daytime length or daytime duration is the time elapsed between beginning and end of the daytime period.


title: Daytime

text: Given that Earth's own axis of rotation is tilted 23.44° to the line perpendicular to its orbital plane, called the ecliptic, the length of daytime varies with the seasons on the planet's surface, depending on the observer's latitude. Areas tilted toward the Sun are experiencing summer. Their tilt toward the Sun leads to more than half of the day seeing daylight and warmer temperatures, due to the higher directness of solar rays, the longer period of daytime itself, and less absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere. While increased daylight can have some effect on the higher temperatures in the summer, most of temperature rise results from the directness of the Sun, not the increased daylight. The high angles (around the zenith) of the Sun causes the tropics to be warm, while low angles (barely above the horizon) causes the polar regions to be cold. The slight effect of daylight hours on average seasonal temperature can be seen with the poles and tropical regions. The poles are still cold during their respective summers, despite seeing 24 hours of daylight for six months, while the Equator remains warm throughout the year, with only 12 hours of daylight per day.


title: Daytime

text: Although the daytime length at the Equator remains 12 hours in all seasons, the duration at all other latitudes varies with the seasons. During the winter, daytime lasts shorter than 12 hours; during the summer, it lasts longer than 12 hours. Northern winter and southern summer concur, while northern summer and southern winter concur.


title: Daytime

text: At the Equator, the daytime period always lasts about 12 hours, regardless of season. As viewed from the Equator, the Sun always rises and sets vertically, following an apparent path nearly perpendicular to the horizon. Due to the axial tilt of Earth, Sun always lies within 23.44° north or south of the celestial equator, so the subsolar point always lies within the tropics.


title: Daytime

text: From the March equinox to the September equinox, the Sun rises within 23.44° north of due east, and sets within 23.44° north of due west. From the September equinox to the March equinox, the Sun rises within 23.44° south of due east and sets within 23.44° south of due west. The Sun's path lies entirely in the northern half of the celestial sphere from the March equinox to the September equinox, but lies entirely in the southern half of the celestial sphere from the September equinox to the March equinox. On the equinoxes, the equatorial Sun culminates at the zenith, passing directly overhead at solar noon.


title: Daytime

text: The fact that the equatorial Sun is always so close to the zenith at solar noon explains why the tropical zone contains the warmest regions on the planet overall. Additionally, the Equator sees the shortest sunrise or sunset because the Sun's path across the sky is so nearly perpendicular to the horizon. On the equinoxes, the solar disk takes only two minutes to traverse the horizon (from top to bottom at sunrise and from bottom to top at sunset).


title: Daytime

text: The tropics occupy a zone of Earth's surface between 23.44° north and 23.44° south of the Equator. Within this zone, the Sun will pass almost directly overhead (or culminate) on at least one day per year. The line of 23.44° north latitude is called the Tropic of Cancer, because when it was named, the Sun passed overhead at this location at the time of year when it was near the constellation of Cancer. The equivalent line of south latitude is called the Tropic of Capricorn, for similar reasons. The sun enters and leaves each zodiacal constellation slightly later each year at the rate of about 1 day every 72 years. For more information, see precession of the equinoxes.


title: Daytime

text: On the Tropical Circles, the Sun is directly overhead only once per year, on the corresponding solstice. At latitudes closer to the Equator and on the Equator itself, it will be overhead twice per year (on the equinoxes in the case of the Equator), leading to the "Lahaina Noon" or "zero shadow day" phenomenon. Outside the tropics, the Sun never passes directly overhead.


title: Daytime

text: Around the poles, which coincide with the rotational axis of Earth as it passes through the surface, the seasonal variations in the length of daytime are extreme. In fact, within 23.44° latitude of the poles, there will be at least some days each year during which the sun never goes below the horizon. There will also be days when the Sun never rises above the horizon. This number will be fewer, but close to the number of days in the summer where the sun doesn't set (for example the sunrise is usually a few days before the spring equinox and extends a few days past the fall equinox). This phenomenon of more daylight than night is not unique to the poles. In fact, at any given time slightly more than half of the earth is in daylight. The 24 hours of summer daylight is known as the midnight sun that is famous in some northern countries. To the north, the Arctic Circle marks this 23.44° boundary. To the south, the Antarctic Circle marks the boundary. These boundaries correspond to 66.56° north or south latitude, respectively. Because the sky is still bright and stars can't be seen when the sun is less than 6 degrees under the horizon, 24-hour nights with stars visible all the time only happen beyond 73° north or south latitude.


title: Daytime

text: At and near the poles, the Sun never rises very high above the horizon, even in summer, which is one of reasons why these regions of the world are consistently cold in all seasons (others include the effect of albedo, the relative increased reflection of solar radiation of snow and ice). Even at the summer solstice, when the Sun reaches its highest point above the horizon at noon, it is still only 23.44° above the horizon at the poles. Additionally, as one approaches the poles the apparent path of the Sun through the sky each day diverges increasingly from the vertical. As summer approaches, the Sun rises and sets become more northerly in the north and more southerly in the south. At the poles, the path of the Sun is indeed a circle, which is roughly equidistant above the horizon for the entire duration of the daytime period on any given day. The circle gradually sinks below the horizon as winter approaches, and gradually rises above it as summer approaches. At the poles, apparent sunrise and sunset may last for several days.


title: Daytime

text: At middle latitudes, far from both the Equator and the poles, variations in the length of daytime are moderate. In the higher middle latitudes where Montreal, Paris and Ushuaia are located, the difference in the length of the day from summer to winter can be very noticeable: the sky may still be lit at 10 pm in summer, but may be dark at 5 pm in winter. In the lower middle latitudes where southern California, Egypt and South Africa are located, the seasonal difference is smaller, but still results in approximately 4 hours difference in daylight between the winter and summer solstices. The difference becomes less pronounced the closer one gets to the equator. An approximation to the monthly change can be obtained from the rule of twelfths.


title: Daytime

text: The exact instant of solar noon, when the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky, varies with the seasons. This variation is called the equation of time; the magnitude of variation is about 30 minutes over the course of a year.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Laquon Malik Treadwell (born June 14, 1995) is an American football wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ole Miss from 2013 to 2015, where he left as the school's all-time leader in receptions with 202 during the course of three seasons. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round of the 2016 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Atlanta Falcons.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Treadwell attended Crete-Monee High School in suburban Chicago, where he finished his three-year football career as the second-leading receiver in Illinois prep history with 3,563 yards. He played primarily as a wide receiver during his career, but he was also the team's quarterback as a freshman and also played on defense his sophomore through senior years. As a sophomore, he caught 58 passes for 811 yards and seven touchdowns. As a junior, he was named the NWI Times Offensive Player of the Year, Southland Conference Offensive Player of the Year and a first-team all-state pick when he recorded 75 catches for 1,391 yards and 18 touchdowns on offense and 45 tackles (10 for loss) and eight sacks on defense. Treadwell was named the Chicago Tribune Player of the Year, NWI Times Offensive Player of the Year, and all-state first-team as a senior after leading Crete-Monee to a 14–0 record and the Class 6A state title; he hauled in 81 catches for 1,424 yards and 16 touchdowns and rushed for 257 yards and seven more scores on the ground, while on defense he compiled 56 tackles and six interceptions. For his senior season efforts, Treadwell was named an All-American selection by Under Armour, USA Today, MaxPreps and SuperPrep. As a standout basketball guard and forward, Treadwell averaged 13.0 points and 8.6 rebounds per game for the Warriors.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Following his senior season, Treadwell played in the 2013 Under Armour All-America Game, where he was covered by the nation's No.1 cornerback and Florida recruit Vernon Hargreaves III, according to the "Orlando Sentinel". He finished the game with six catches for 46 yards.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Regarded as Illinois’ top football recruit in 2013, Treadwell was rated a 5-star recruit by Rivals.com, Scout.com, 247Sports.com and MaxPreps and the nation’s No. 1 wide receiver by Tom Lemming, Rivals.com, and ESPN.com. He was listed as the No. 5 overall recruit in the nation by Rivals.com, No. 6 by MaxPreps, No. 19 by ESPN.com, No. 28 by 247Sports.com, and No. 30 by Scout.com. Checking in at 6'3" (1.91 m), 195 pounds (88 kg), Treadwell ran a reported 4.40 in the 40-yard dash according to 247Sports. He was also the No. 1 ranked wide receiver in the 2013 class at the 247Sports Composite Rankings. Treadwell committed to the University of Mississippi on November 30, 2012. Treadwell's former high school teammate and close friend, Anthony Standifer, who is a defensive back at Ole Miss, was the one that initially got Treadwell interested in the Rebels.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: A member of the highly-ranked 2013 University of Mississippi signing class, Treadwell played three seasons for the Rebels. He finished his career as the all-time leading pass catcher in Ole Miss history with 202 career receptions (seventh-most in SEC history) and ranks third in receiving yards with 2,393 and touchdowns with 21, as well as tied for second with nine career 100-yard receiving games. Treadwell managed at least one catch in all 35 games in which he played for the Rebels.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Treadwell exploded onto the college scene with a record-breaking rookie season, establishing Ole Miss' freshman records with 72 receptions for 608 receiving yards and five touchdown catches. As a result of his outstanding play, he was named SEC Freshman of the Year by the league coaches, becoming the first player in school history to receive the distinction. He also established a school freshman record with nine catches in his Rebel debut at Vanderbilt and matched that total again in the regular-season finale at Mississippi State. He played in every game of the season and made 12 starts as a slot receiver. In the season opener at Vanderbilt on August 29, Treadwell earned his first start in his college debut and made the most of it, breaking an Ole Miss freshman record with nine catches for 82 yards and hauling in a two-point conversion; he was named SEC Freshman of the Week for his performance. In Week 4 at #1 Alabama, he had four catches for 51 yards, one rush for 1 yard and threw his lone career interception. Against #9 Texas A&M on October 12, Treadwell caught a team-high eight passes for 77 yards while scoring his first two collegiate touchdowns. In the Rebels' 34–24 victory over Arkansas, he contributed with a game-high eight catches for 39 yards and a touchdown. The next week against Troy, he collected four catches for 53 yards and two touchdowns, including a highlight-reel catch-and-run in which he broke five tackles on his way to the end zone. In the final game of the season at Mississippi State on November 28, Treadwell tied his own Ole Miss freshman record with nine catches for 57 yards. During the game, he also completed a 19-yard pass to quarterback Bo Wallace on a trick play and forced and recovered a fumble to regain possession after a Wallace interception.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On November 1, 2014, with 1:30 left in the game against #3 Auburn, Treadwell caught a screen pass and took it to the Tigers' 1 yard line before being tackled from behind and bending awkwardly. As a result of the gruesome injury, Treadwell broke his tibia and dislocated his ankle, and adding insult to the injury, he fumbled the ball, which was recovered in the end zone by Auburn's linebacker Cassanova McKinzy, sealing the game for the Tigers.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On January 4, 2016, Treadwell announced he would forego his final year of eligibility at Ole Miss to enter the 2016 NFL Draft. Treadwell stated: "After sitting down with my family, we have decided it is time for me to take the next step in my career and enter the NFL draft; it's always been a dream of mine to play in the NFL, and I can't thank my teammates, coaches and our great fans enough for their unbelievable support since the first day I stepped foot on campus. No matter how far life may take us, I will always be an Ole Miss Rebel. God bless."


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Prior to the draft, NFL Network's analyst Mike Mayock ranked Treadwell second overall among wide receivers and compared him to Houston Texans' superstar wide receiver DeAndre Hopkins. He also gave him a grade of 6.25, only behind Notre Dame's Will Fuller.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On February 22, Treadwell announced to NFL.com that he would not take part in the 40-yard dash event at the combine, stating that he wanted more time before running it in front of NFL team scouts and general managers. He said he set his goal in the mid-to-high 4.4s or 4.5s. "I figured if I have enough time to work on it, I'll get the time I want," Treadwell said. He did perform in the vertical jump at the combine, and his 33-inch leap placed him in the bottom half of the wide receiver group. Measuring in at 6'2" (1.88 m), 217 pounds (98 kg) at Ole Miss' pro day, Treadwell confirmed the relatively slow 40-yard dash time that scouts anticipated; in his first attempt, he clocked a pedestrian 4.65, and on his second chance, he ran a 4.63 with a 1.62 10-yard split. However, the more surprising result for Treadwell, in fact, was not his 40-yard dash time but a disappointing -inch (0.85 m) vertical jump, a half-inch better than he did in Indianapolis. He also completed the 20-yard shuttle in 4.30 seconds and the 3-cone drill in 7.04 seconds. Based on his combine and Pro Day numbers, among the 43 wide receivers that were evaluated in Indianapolis, Treadwell’s 40-yard dash time would have placed him 28th. His twelve reps in the bench press was tied for 22nd within the group and his combine vertical jump tied for 23rd. His broad jump of 9'9" (2.97 m) ranked 12th and his campus numbers in the 20-yard shuttle and 3-cone drill would have placed 17th and 16th, respectively. After the workout, Treadwell stated: "I didn't run what I wanted to run, but it was fun. I'm proud of myself for what I did run most importantly. I'm just a playmaker, when I get into the game it's a different feel than the 40-yard dash."


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: Treadwell was drafted as the 23rd overall pick by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round of the 2016 NFL Draft. On April 29, it was announced that Treadwell, who wore No. 1 at Ole Miss, would wear No. 11 for the Vikings, a number that stayed ownerless after wide receiver Mike Wallace was released in March.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: In June 2016, after being selected by the Vikings, Treadwell created a minor controversy when he posted a photo of himself on social media wearing an Oakland Raiders baseball cap.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On August 12, 2016, Treadwell made his first appearance as a Viking in a preseason game against the Cincinnati Bengals, catching a game-high four passes for 41 yards from backup quarterback Shaun Hill and third-stringer Joel Stave.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On November 6, 2016, Treadwell caught his first career NFL pass, which was a 15-yard reception from quarterback Sam Bradford in the first quarter against the NFC North division rival Detroit Lions. The reception would be Treadwell's only one of the 2016 season. Despite having high hopes following the draft, Treadwell's rookie year was limited as he only appeared in nine games and finished the season with only one reception for 15 yards.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: In Week 2, against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Treadwell had three receptions for 33 yards. In the 2017 season, he recorded 20 receptions for 200 receiving yards.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: In Week 2 against the Green Bay Packers, Treadwell scored his first professional touchdown in the 29–29 tie.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On May 1, 2019, the Vikings declined the fifth-year option on Treadwell's contract, making him a free agent in 2020. He was released on August 31, 2019. The Vikings re-signed Treadwell on September 24.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: In Week 13 against the Seattle Seahawks on "Monday Night Football", Treadwell caught 1 pass for a 58 yard touchdown during the 37–30 loss. This was Treadwell's first touchdown catch since the second game of the 2018 season.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On March 25, 2020, Treadwell signed with the Atlanta Falcons before being released on September 5, 2020. He signed to their practice squad on September 16, 2020. He was placed on the practice squad/COVID-19 list by the team on November 17, 2020. He was restored to the practice squad and subsequently promoted to the active roster on December 1, 2020. Although seeing limited action in only five games of the 2020 season, he made six receptions on seven total targets for 49 yards and scored a single-season career-high of two touchdowns.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On June 18, 2021, Treadwell signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was released on August 31, 2021 and re-signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on November 6, 2021.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On September 6, 2022, Treadwell was signed to the New England Patriots practice squad. He was released on October 4, 2022.


title: Laquon Treadwell

text: On October 12, 2022, Treadwell was signed to the Arizona Cardinals practice squad. He was released on October 26, 2022.


title: Guardians of the directions

text: The Guardians of the Directions (Sanskrit: दिक्पाल, Dikpāla) are the deities who rule the specific directions of space according to Hinduism, Jainism and "" Buddhism—especially . As a group of eight deities, they are called ' (अष्ट-दिक्पाल), literally meaning guardians of eight directions. They are often augmented with two extra deities for the ten directions (the two extra directions being zenith and nadir), when they are known as the '. In Hinduism it is traditional to represent their images on the walls and ceilings of Hindu temples. They are also often portrayed in Jain temples, with the exception that Nāga usually takes the place of Vishnu in the nadir. Ancient Java and Bali Hinduism recognize , literally meaning guardians of nine directions, that consist of eight directions with one addition in the center. The nine guardian gods of directions is called "Dewata Nawa Sanga" (Nine guardian devata). The diagram of these guardian gods of directions is featured in Surya Majapahit, the emblem of Majapahit empire.


title: Guardians of the directions

text: There are strong similarities between the concept of the guardians of the directions and the lore surrounding the Chinese four symbols, four ancestral spirits who are responsible for four of the cardinal directions (North, South, East, and West).


title: Guardians of the directions

text: Directions in Hindu tradition are called as "", or "Dik". There are four primary directions and a total of 10 directions.


title: Guardians of the directions

text: In Hinduism, the guardians of the cardinal directions are called the s (लोकपाल), or Dikpalaka. Three main distinctions of Dikpalaka are recognized, being:


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: Khangchendzonga National Park, also Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve, is a national park and a biosphere reserve located in Sikkim, India. It was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in July 2016, becoming the first "Mixed Heritage" site of India. It was included in the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme. The park is named after the mountain Kangchenjunga (alternative spelling "Khangchendzonga"), which is the third-highest peak in the world at tall. The total area of the park is .


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: The park contains Tholung Monastery, a gompa located in the park's buffer zone. It is considered one of the most sacred monasteries in Sikkim.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: The Kanchenjunga Park is situated in the Mangan district and Gyalshing districts in the Indian state of Sikkim. It has an elevation of to over and has an area of . It is one of the few high-altitude National parks of India and was recently included as a mixed-criteria UNESCO World Heritage site.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: In the north it adjoins the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet, and in the west the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area in Nepal.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: The vegetation of the park include temperate broadleaf and mixed forests consisting of oaks, fir, birch, maple, willow. The vegetation of the park also includes Alpine grasses and shrubs at higher altitudes along with many medicinal plants and herbs.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: The park contains many mammal species including musk deer, Indian leopard, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, dhole, sloth bear, viverrids, Himalayan black bear, red panda, Tibetan wild ass, Himalayan blue sheep, mainland serow, goral and takin, as well as reptiles including rat snake and Russell's viper.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: A 2014 study revealed that the dhole has become very rare in the area. The wild dogs in the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve are thought to belong to the rare and genetically distinct subspecies "C. a. primaevus".


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: About 550 species of birds are found inside the park including blood pheasant, satyr tragopan, osprey, Himalayan griffon, lammergeier, Western tragopan, green pigeon, Tibetan snowcock, snow pigeon, impeyan pheasant, Asian emerald cuckoo, sunbird and eagle. A new species of bird named Himalayan thrush has been found in 2016. Its scientific name is "Zoothera salimalii".


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: Most of the trekking routes start from Yuksom ( from Gangtok) in West Sikkim. Necessary Permit can be obtained from the Wildlife Education and Interpretation center at Yuksom or from the check post. State Tourism Department along with other travel agents organize treks to Dzongri () and other places. The popular trek routes are:


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: Another popular trekking point includes a path to the Green Lake with Lachen, a village in North Sikkim as the starting point.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: Foreign nationals require a restricted area permit from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Delhi to visit the park and the associated region. Indian nationals are required to obtain an Inner Line Permit from the State Home Department. Permission of the State Chief Wildlife Warden is also mandatory for everybody visiting the park.


title: Khangchendzonga National Park

text: Most of these trekking routes pass through the Kanchenjunga National Park and is shown in the film Singalila in the Himalaya


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: Benjamin Bradley Bolger (born 1975) is an American perpetual student who has earned 16 degrees and claims to be the second-most credentialed person in modern history after Michael W. Nicholson (who has 30 degrees). Like Nicholson, Bolger is from Michigan.


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: Benjamin Bolger was born to Donald, an engineer with General Motors, and Loretta, a teacher, and was raised in Grand Haven, Michigan. At the age of two, his parents were both seriously injured when the family was involved in a near-fatal car accident caused by a drunk driver; Bolger says this encouraged him to make the most out of his life.


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: In first grade, he was diagnosed with dyslexia. Special education programs did not help him, and in fourth grade, his mother began home-schooling Bolger, while undergoing a divorce. At the age of 12, Bolger began taking classes at Muskegon Community College, graduating with an A.A. by the age of 17. He then transferred with those credits to the University of Michigan, majored in sociology, and graduated "summa cum laude" with a 4.0 grade point average. From there, he took an internship with the Clinton Administration with Press Secretary Mike McCurry. Bolger's mother has moved with him to each college and university he attended and helps him by reading his assignments to him aloud.


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: Bolger entered Yale Law School when he was 19, but dropped out when he was unable to compensate for his dyslexia. After receiving additional training for his dyslexia, he enrolled at Oxford University, thus beginning his quest for degrees. After accumulating several master's degrees, he received his first doctorate in 2008 at the age of 33, in Design from Harvard Graduate School of Design. He has also studied in graduate programs at the University of Pennsylvania, Georgetown University, the College of William and Mary, and Dartmouth College. His mother accompanied and supported him through much of his education to help with his work, from Ann Arbor to Oxford.


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: , he teaches a General Education course at Harvard College and is working remotely toward a 17th degree, from Cambridge University.


title: Benjamin Bolger

text: He has also completed some coursework at Yale Law School (in 1995, towards a JD) and at Boston College's Lynch School of Education (in 2004, towards an MA in higher education).


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: All the World's a Stage is a double live album by Canadian rock band Rush, released in 1976. The album was recorded at Massey Hall in Toronto on June 11, 12, and 13, 1976, during the band's breakthrough "2112" tour. The title of the album alludes to William Shakespeare's play "As You Like It", which would again be referenced by Rush in the 1981 song "Limelight".


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: According to lead vocalist and bassist Geddy Lee, the release of a live album in late 1976 "was definitely something we used to buy us more time" as Rush worked on the studio followup to their commercial breakthrough album "2112", released earlier that same year.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: This album captures the entire setlist that was regularly performed during headlining shows of the 2112 tour. However, due to technological limits of approximately 20 minutes per side on vinyl, the positions of "Lakeside Park" and "2112" were swapped with "Fly By Night / In The Mood" and "Something For Nothing".


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: Due to stage time restraints during the 2112 tour of 1976, this performance of the song "2112" omits the "Discovery" and "Oracle: The Dream" sections of the studio recording. Although the final 32 seconds of "Discovery" are played as a lead-in to "Presentation", the liner notes and track listing do not indicate this. While the entirety of "Discovery" would be performed during the A Farewell To Kings tour of 1977-78 and Hemispheres tour of 1978-79, Rush would not perform the entire suite live until the Test for Echo tour of 1996-97, as documented on the live album "Different Stages".


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: Alternate recordings of "2112" and "Something For Nothing" from the June 11-13 performances were released as part of the "2112: 40th Anniversary" box set in 2016.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: According to the liner notes, "All the World's a Stage" marks the end of the "first chapter of Rush" and would begin a trend of Rush releasing a live album after every four studio albums. This lasted until 2003, when the band released a live album and DVD of each subsequent studio album's tour.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: Fellow Toronto band Max Webster was the opening act for all 3 Massey Hall performances recorded for the album.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: "All the World's a Stage" was Rush's first US Top 40-charting album and went gold, alongside "A Farewell to Kings" and "2112" on November 16, 1977. It was certified platinum in the United States in 1981 after the release of "Moving Pictures". In Canada, Gold certification came on December 1, 1976, and platinum on August 1, 1978.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: "All the World's a Stage" was remastered again in 2011 by Andy VanDette for the "Sector" box sets, which re-released all of Rush's Mercury-era albums. "All the World's a Stage" is included in the "Sector 1" set.


title: All the World's a Stage (album)

text: "All the World's a Stage" was remastered for vinyl in 2015 by Sean Magee at Abbey Road Studios as a part of the official "12 Months of Rush" promotion. The high definition master prepared for this release was also made available for purchase in 24-bit/96 kHz and 24-bit/192 kHz formats, at several high-resolution audio online music stores. These masters have significantly less dynamic range compression than the 1997 remasters and the "Sector" remasters by Andy VanDette.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: Wendy Barrie (born Marguerite Wendy Jenkins; 18 April 1912 – 2 February 1978) was a British-American film and television actress.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: Barrie was born in London to English parents. Her father, Francis Charles John Graigoe Jenkin KC (1883 – 1936), was an employee of Great Western (according to the 1901 census), who then joined the Royal Fusiliers in 1902. Her mother was Ellen McDonagh. Hollywood gave her a more exotic parentage with her father being a King's Counsel and her mother a Russian-Jewish actress who had performed in the world's first professional Yiddish-language theater troupe. She received her education at a convent school in England and a finishing school in Switzerland.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: In 1932, Barrie made her screen debut in the film "Threads", which was based upon a play. She went on to make a number of motion pictures for London Films under the Korda brothers, Alexander and Zoltan, the best known of which is 1933's "The Private Life of Henry VIII", in which she portrayed Jane Seymour.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: In 1934, she appeared in "Freedom of the Seas" and was contracted by Fox Film Corporation for a film directed by Scott Darling that was made in Britain. The following year, she moved to the United States and made her first Hollywood film for Fox opposite Spencer Tracy in the romantic comedy "It's a Small World", followed by "Under Your Spell" with Lawrence Tibbett. Loaned to MGM, Barrie starred opposite James Stewart in the 1936 film "Speed". In 1939 she starred with Richard Greene and Basil Rathbone in the 20th Century Fox version of "The Hound of the Baskervilles", and with Lucille Ball in RKO's "Five Came Back". During 1939 and the early 1940s, Barrie made several of "The Saint" and "The Falcon" mystery films with George Sanders. She made her final motion picture in 1954.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: Barrie was a member of the cast of "The Jack Haley Show" on NBC (1937-1938) and CBS (1938-1939). She was an assistant on the "Star for a Night" program on the Blue Network (1943-1944), and she was one of the quizmasters on "Detect and Collect" on CBS (1945) and ABC (1945-1946). In 1956, she had a disc jockey program, the "Wendy Barrie Show", on WMGM in New York City. She also hosted a widely syndicated radio interview show into the mid-1960s.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: With the dawn of television, in the late 1940s, Barrie turned to roles in that medium. From November 17, 1948, to February 9, 1949, Barrie hosted "Picture This" on NBC. During 1948 and 1949, she hosted a DuMont Television Network comedy for children featuring a cowboy puppet called "The Adventures of Oky Doky".


title: Wendy Barrie

text: However, she is best remembered by U.S. audiences as host of one of the first television talk shows. "The Wendy Barrie Show" debuted in November 1948 on ABC, then ran on DuMont and NBC, ending its run in September 1950. (Another source says the program debuted on DuMont March 14, 1949. Yet another source says that it debuted November 10, 1948, on NBC.) That program was replaced by "Through Wendy's Window" in August 1950. The 15-minute NBC program had Barrie interviewing celebrities and talking about fashions.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: Barrie was hostess of the short-lived "Stars in Khaki and Blue", a "prime-time talent show for members of the Armed Forces," which debuted on NBC September 13, 1952, and ended September 27, 1952. She continued to appear on network television on panel shows and as a guest star in the early 1950s, and also as a spokesperson for commercial products, including a stint as the original Revlon saleswoman on "The $64,000 Question" during its first months on air. Her pitching of Living Lipstick saw that product being sold out across the country. Barrie continued on local TV in New York City.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: In 1953, three television stations owned by Taft Broadcasting Company and Cox Communications formed the short-lived "Tri-State Network" to compete with entertainment programming produced by Crosley Broadcasting Corporation on Crosley television stations in the Cincinnati, Columbus and Dayton, Ohio broadcast markets. On January 11, 1954, a new "The Wendy Barrie Show" premiered from the studios of WHIO-TV in Dayton, simulcast on Taft Broadcasting's WKRC-TV in Cincinnati and WTVN-TV (now WSYX) in Columbus. Wendy Barrie's contract was terminated in October 1954.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: After appearances in more than 15 films in Britain and more than 30 in Hollywood, Barrie's contribution to the industry was recognized with a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1708 Vine Street, near the corner of Hollywood and Vine. Her star was dedicated February 8, 1960.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: Barrie became a naturalized American citizen in 1942. She was reportedly engaged to and had a daughter named Carolyn with the infamous gangster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, and at one time was married to textile manufacturer David L. Meyer.


title: Wendy Barrie

text: She died in Englewood, New Jersey, in 1978, aged 65, following a stroke that had left her debilitated for several years. She was buried in the Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.


title: Oikos

text: The ancient Greek word oikos (ancient Greek: , plural: ; English prefix: eco- for ecology and economics) refers to three related but distinct concepts: the family, the family's property, and the house. Its meaning shifts even within texts.


title: Oikos

text: The "oikos" was the basic unit of society in most Greek city-states. In normal Attic usage the "oikos", in the context of families, referred to a line of descent from father to son from generation to generation. Alternatively, as Aristotle used it in his "Politics", the term was sometimes used to refer to everybody living in a given house. Thus, the head of the "oikos", along with his immediate family and his slaves, would all be encompassed.


title: Oikos

text: Large "oikoi" also had farms that were usually tended by the slaves, which were also the basic agricultural unit of the ancient Greek economy.


title: Oikos

text: Traditional interpretations of the layout of the "oikos" in Classical Athens have divided into men's and women's spaces, with an area known as the "gynaikon" or "gynaikonitis" associated with women's activities such as cooking and textiles work, and an area restricted to men called the "andron". In Lysias' speech "On the Murder of Eratosthenes", the women's rooms were said to be situated above the men's quarters, while in Xenophon the women's and men's quarters are next to one another.


title: Oikos

text: More recent scholarship from historians such as Lisa Nevett and Lin Foxhall has argued for a more flexible approach to household space, with rooms not simply having a single fixed function, and gendering of space not being as simple as some rooms being for men and others for women. It has been argued that instead of dividing the household space into "male" and "female" areas, it is more accurate to look at areas as being private or public. In this model, access to the private areas were restricted to the family, while public areas accommodated visitors.


title: Oikos

text: In Olynthos and Halieis, street plans in the classical city were rectilinear, and thus houses were of regular shapes and sizes. By contrast, in Athens houses appear to have varied much more in size and shape. In the classical period, houses excavated from Olynthos were "invariably" organised around a colonnaded courtyard. Likewise, of the houses excavated at Halieis in the Argolid, most of the houses seem to have had a single entrance which gave access to a court, and Nevett also cites three buildings excavated on Thasos as being similarly arranged around a courtyard. Only a minority of the houses had evidence of staircases survive, demonstrating that they definitely had upper storeys, while for the remainder of Olynthian houses the evidence is inconclusive. "On the Murder of Eratosthenes" demonstrates that at least some Athenian houses also had an upper storey. Entranceways at Olynthos were designed for privacy, preventing passers-by from seeing inside the house.


title: Oikos

text: Historians have identified a "hearth-room" in ancient Greek houses as a centre of female activity. However, Lin Foxhall has argued that Greek houses often had no permanent kitchens. For example, a house in Attica known as the Vari House had multiple possible places which may have been used for cooking, but no fixed fireplace, and no one place was used for the entire lifetime of the house. Lisa Nevett points out that houses frequently had a "complex pattern of spatial usage", with rooms being used for multiple purposes.


title: Oikos

text: A man was the head ("kyrios", ) of the household. The "kyrios" was responsible for representing the interests of his "oikos" to the wider polis and providing legal protection to the women and minors with whom he shared his household. Initially the "kyrios" of an "oikos" would have been the husband and father of offspring. However, when any legitimate sons reached adulthood the role of "kyrios" could, in many instances, be transferred from the father to the next male generation. When a son was given his portion of the inheritance, either before or after his father had died, he was said to have formed a new "oikos". Therefore, new "oikoi" were formed every generation and would continue to be perpetuated through marriage and childbirth.


title: Oikos

text: The relationship between father and son was bound intrinsically to the transfer of family property: a legitimate son could expect to inherit the property of his father and, in return, was legally obligated to provide for his father in his old age. If a son failed to care for his parents he could be prosecuted and a conviction would result in the loss of his citizen rights. However, sons were not compelled to maintain their fathers in their old age if they had not provided them with a skill. Furthermore, the heir to an inheritance would also be required to perform burial rites at the deceased's funeral and continue to provide annual commemorative rites. This would have been an extremely important consideration for the Athenians, who were notoriously pious.


title: Oikos

text: Although men were part of both the polis and "oikos", women had a role only in the "oikos". In Athens, women of citizen status did not have many of the rights citizen men had. They had no political rights and could take no part in government. They could conduct only limited business and hold and inherit limited property. All business was conducted on a woman's behalf by her husband or father.


title: Oikos

text: Athenian inheritance laws prioritised men over equally closely related women, and daughters in the absence of sons did not inherit at all, but came along with the estate as .


title: Oikos

text: Instead of automatic inheritance rights, daughters were given dowries to support. As late as the fourth century, Athenian inheritance law forbade the disposal of property by testament away from legitimate children.


title: Oikos

text: At Sparta women were able to own and inherit property. Marriage was arranged for a woman by her father or male guardian. In the home women were kept segregated in their own quarters, called "gynaikonitis", and were virtually unseen. They were responsible only for their "oikos", which included providing for slaves and children, caring for the sick, and cooking, cleaning and making clothes. Much of this work, at least in wealthy families, would have been done by slaves, with the Athenian women largely taking a supervisory role.


title: Oikos

text: Women rarely left the house, and even then would be accompanied by female slaves. Women did go shopping and to the wells to fetch water, but this was done mainly by slaves and by poorer women without slaves. Older women and widows had more freedom, as did Spartan wives. Wives in Sparta were permitted to drink alcohol, which was forbidden in most other city-states, as well as exercise more authority in the oikos. However, as evidenced in the literature of the time, this standard was rarely observed. Poorer women undertook work, including selling goods in the market, spinning, making bread, agricultural laboring, acting as wet nurses or working alongside their husbands. It was not possible in such households to segregate men from women. Poorer widows often had to work, if they had no means of financial support.


title: Oikos

text: Within religion women did play an important role, such as a dominant role at funerals, weddings, and a large number of public festivals. There were many priestesses, and women also had their own festivals. At some festivals, though, it is believed that women were not present; nor may they have attended associated performances at theaters.


title: Oikos

text: Childbirth took place at home, with all the women of the household in attendance. A female midwife ("maia", μαῖα) may have been present, and a male doctor called in if complications arose, but virtually no information on midwifery exists. Childbirth was regarded as polluting so was not allowed to take place on sacred ground. At birth the guardian (usually the father) had to decide whether to keep the child or expose it. If it was kept a purification ceremony took place on the fifth or seventh day after birth.


title: Oikos

text: It was the mother's duty to breast-feed her children, but wet nurses were employed, and pottery feeding bottles are also known. There is evidence from vase paintings for cradles of wickerwork or wood. From the 4th century BC children appear much more in artistic representations. Children played a number of games, and evidence of toys comes from literature, vase paintings and surviving examples of the actual toys. It was customary at various festivals to give children toys. When girls were about to marry and when boys reached adolescence, it was customary for them to dedicate their playthings to deities.


title: Oikos

text: Male children were favored for many reasons. They perpetuated the family and family cult, cared for parents in old age and arranged a proper funeral for deceased parents. In addition, sons could inherit their mothers' dowry. Boys were raised in the female quarters until about the age of six, when they were educated in schools, but girls remained under the close supervision of their mothers until they married. They rarely went out of the women's section of the house and were taught domestic skills at home, though they did attend some religious festivals. In Sparta boys were removed from their families at the age of seven to be reared by the state.


title: Oikos

text: It was permissible for a man to adopt a son In order to continue his family line. The earliest references to Greek adoption are in the Gortyn Code, where an adopted son had fewer inheritance rights than a son by birth. By the 4th century BC in Athens, there were three forms of adoption: firstly, while a man was still alive; secondly, in his will; and thirdly, if a man died without a male heir and without providing for the adoption of a son in his will, he could have a son assigned to carry on his family.


title: Oikos

text: An adopted son was no longer a member of his original "oikos", but was transferred to the "oikos" of his adopter. If he wished to return to his original "oikos", he had to leave a son of his own in his adoptive "oikos" in order that it might continue.


title: Oikos

text: Some animals were kept in the home from at least the time of Homer, who mentions dogs. The most popular pet was a small dog, often represented on 5th-century BC Attic gravestones and vases.


title: Oikos

text: If a married woman was caught committing adultery, her husband was required to divorce her. Additionally, any woman found with a "moichos" (adulterer) was barred from public religious practices, as well as from wearing any ornament.


title: Oikos

text: Lysias' speech "On the Murder of Eratosthenes" offers two possible reasons for the concern of Athenian men with "moicheia": firstly, that the seducer not only damages a woman's chastity, but also corrupts her mind, and secondly that a clandestine relationship brings into question the paternity of the woman's children. Christopher Carey considers that the second reason given, the bringing into doubt of the paternity of children, was the more important consideration, as not only was the paternity of children important for inheritance, in ancient Athens this inheritance involved the cult of the family's ancestors, making the purity of the blood even more important than it might otherwise be. Finally, adultery was feared because through seduction, unlike through rape, an adulterer might gain access to the household and its possessions.


title: Oikos

text: The term "oikos" is contemporarily used to describe social groups. Several dozen to several hundred people may be known, but the quality time spent with others is extremely limited: only those to whom quality (face-to-face) time is devoted can be said to be a part of an "oikos". Each individual has a primary group that includes relatives and friends who relate to the individual through work, recreation, hobbies, or by being neighbors. The modern "oikos", however, includes people that share some sort of social interaction, be it through conversation or simple relation, for at least a total of one hour per week.


title: Oikos

text: The term oikophobia is used to refer to fear of the home or of household appliances. It has been extended by the philosopher Roger Scruton to mean rejection of one's home culture.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Arlandus Jacob Bouye (born August 16, 1991) is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at UCF, and was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2013. Bouye has also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Denver Broncos and Carolina Panthers.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Bouye played college football at UCF from 2009 to 2012 under head coach George O'Leary. As a freshman, he had 10 total tackles and one pass defensed in six games. He saw an expanded role in his sophomore season. In ten games, he had 26 total tackles, one interception return for a touchdown (a 42-yarder against Marshall), and eight passes defended. As a junior, he appeared in seven games and had 21 total tackles, two interceptions, and five passes defensed. In his final season with the Knights in 2012, he had 53 total tackles, three interceptions, 11 passes defensed, one fumble recovery, and one forced fumble. In that stretch was a 32-yard pick-six and 79-yard fumble recovery touchdown against Memphis and a 76-yard pick-six against Tulsa. After his career with the Knights, Bouye entered the 2013 NFL Draft.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On April 28, 2013, the Houston Texans signed Bouye to a three-year, $1.41 million contract that includes a $5,000 signing bonus after he went undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Throughout organized team activities and training camp, Bouye competed for a roster spot and a job as the fourth cornerback against Brandon Harris, Roc Carmichael, Johnny Adams, and Travis Howard. Head coach Gary Kubiak named Bouye the fifth cornerback on the Texans' depth chart to start the regular season, behind Johnathan Joseph, Kareem Jackson, Brice McCain, and Brandon Harris.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: He made his professional regular season debut in the Houston Texans' season-opening 31–28 victory at the San Diego Chargers. On September 28, 2013, Bouye made his first career tackle on fullback Derrick Coleman during a kick return in the second quarter of a 23–20 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. On October 16, 2013, the Houston Texans placed Bouye on injured reserve for the remainder of the season due to a strained hamstring. He finished his rookie season in with two combined tackles in six games and zero starts and appeared solely on special teams. On December 13, 2013, Houston Texans' owner Bob McNair announced the firing of head coach Gary Kubiak after a franchise record 11th consecutive loss and a 2–11 record overall. Defensive coordinator Wade Phillips was named the interim coach for the last three games of the season.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: During training camp, secondary coach John Butler held an open competition for the job as the third cornerback on the depth chart. The competition included Bouye, Brandon Harris, Josh Victorian, Elbert Mack, Andre Hal, and Marcus Williams. Head coach Bill O'Brien named Bouye the third cornerback to start the regular season behind starters Johnathan Joseph and Kareem Jackson.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On September 21, 2014, Bouye earned his first career start and recorded three combined tackles in their 30–17 loss at the New York Giants in Week 3, but left in the third quarter after sustaining a groin injury. The injury sidelined him for the next two games (Weeks 4–5). In Week 9, Bouye recorded seven combined tackles, broke up a pass, and returned his first career interception, off a pass by quarterback Mark Sanchez, for a 51-yard touchdown in the Texans' 31–21 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. It also marked Bouye's first career touchdown. On November 16, 2014, he collected a season-high ten combined tackles (nine solo) and a pass deflection during a 23–7 win at the Cleveland Browns. In Week 13, Bouye made three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and returned an interception by Jake Locker for a season-long 67-yard gain during the third quarter of a 45–21 victory against the Tennessee Titans. He finished the season with 59 combined tackles (52 solo), ten pass deflections, three interceptions, a touchdown, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery in 14 games and six starts. His three interceptions tied for the most among the Texans' defense in 2014.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Throughout training camp, Bouye competed against rookie first round pick Kevin Johnson for the role as the third cornerback on the Texans' depth chart. Defensive coordinator Romeo Crennel opted to name Bouye the fourth cornerback on the depth chart to start the regular season, behind Johnathan Joseph, Kareem Jackson, and Kevin Johnson.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On October 18, 2015, Bouye recorded a season-high seven solo tackles, deflected two passes, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Blake Bortles during a 31–20 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. In Week 11, he deflected a pass before leaving the Texans' 24–17 victory against the New York Jets in the third quarter due to a concussion. He remained in concussion protocol and was inactive for their Week 12 victory against the New Orleans Saints. Bouye finished the season with 16 combined tackles (15 solo), six pass deflections, and two interceptions in 15 games and two starts.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: The Houston Texans finished first in the AFC South with a 9–7 record and received a Wild Card berth. On January 9, 2016, Bouye appeared in his first career playoff game and recorded a solo tackle in their 30–0 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs in the .


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On March 8, 2016, the Houston Texans signed Bouye to a one-year, $1.67 million tender with a right of first refusal class after he became a restricted free agent in 2016.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: He entered training camp slated as the fourth cornerback on the depth chart and opted to change his jersey number from No. 34 to his college number at Central Florida, No. 21. He stated he originally chose 21 because he was a fan of Deion Sanders growing up. As a rookie, he was unable to receive No. 21 as it belonged to longtime veteran Brice McCain. Head coach Bill O'Brien stated Bouye was one of the most improved players on defense during training camp.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: He appeared in the Houston Texans' season-opener against the Chicago Bears and recorded three solo tackles, deflected a pass, and his first career sack on quarterback Jay Cutler during their 23–14 victory. Bouye became the Texans' third cornerback on the depth chart after Kevin Johnson broke his foot the previous week and was sidelined for the remainder of the season. On October 24, 2016, Bouye started at nickelback and recorded a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo) and two pass deflections in the Texans' 27–9 loss at the Denver Broncos. He was inactive for the Texans' Week 10 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars after sustaining an ankle injury in practice two days prior. After an MRI, it was determined he only sustained a sprained ankle and returned the following week. In Week 11, Bouye recorded two combined tackles, broke up a pass, and intercepted a pass by Derek Carr during a 27–20 loss at the Oakland Raiders. Bouye had a breakout season in 2016 and finished with a career-high 63 combined tackles (48 solo), 16 pass deflections, an interception, and a sack in 15 games and 11 starts. Bouye earned the third highest grade among all cornerbacks in 2016 from Pro Football Focus.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: The Houston Texans finished atop the AFC South with a 9–7 record and clinched a playoff berth. On January 7, 2017, Bouye started his first career playoff game and recorded two combined tackles, four pass deflections, and intercepted a pass attempt by Connor Cook in the Texans' 27–14 victory against the Oakland Raiders in the . The following week, he made five solo tackles, deflected two passes, and intercepted a pass by Tom Brady during a 34–16 loss to the eventual Super Bowl LI Champions the New England Patriots in the .


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Bouye became an unrestricted free agent after the 2016 season and was one of the most highly sought after free agents on the market. He was pursued by many teams, including the Chicago Bears, Jacksonville Jaguars, Tennessee Titans, San Francisco 49ers, Cleveland Browns, Indianapolis Colts, and Philadelphia Eagles.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On March 9, 2017, the Jacksonville Jaguars signed Bouye to a five-year, $67.5 million contract with $26 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $10 million, making him the highest paid undrafted cornerback. Bouye stated he turned down a larger contract offer by the Chicago Bears to join the Jaguars.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Head coach Doug Marrone named Bouye the starting cornerback along with Jalen Ramsey entering training camp. Bouye made his Jaguars' regular-season debut in their season-opener at the Houston Texans and recorded six combined tackles and two pass deflections during their 29–7 victory. On November 12, 2017, Bouye recorded four combined tackles, broke up a pass, and returned an interception 51-yards to set up Josh Lambo's 30-yard field goal to defeat the Los Angeles Chargers in overtime by a score of 20–17. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week honors for his performance. On December 3, 2017, he collected a season-high seven combined tackles during a 30–10 win against the Indianapolis Colts. In Week 14, Bouye recorded two combined tackles, a season-high four pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Russell Wilson in a 30–24 win against the Seattle Seahawks. It marked Bouye's first multi-interception game of his career. On December 19, 2017, Bouye was named to his first Pro Bowl as a starter alongside teammate Ramsey. He finished the season with 56 combined tackles (53 solo), a career-high 18 pass deflections, and a career-high six interceptions in 16 games and 16 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Bouye an overall grade of 88.0, ranking him 12th among all cornerbacks in 2017. He was ranked 35th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: The Jaguars finished first in the AFC South with a 10–6 record. The Jaguars defeated the Buffalo Bills 10–3 in the and defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 in the AFC . On January 21, 2018, Bouye recorded six solo tackles during a 24–20 loss at the New England Patriots in the .


title: A. J. Bouye

text: In the 2018 season, Bouye started in 13 games and totaled 54 total tackles, one interception, and eight passes defensed as the Jaguars finished with a 5–11 record.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: In Week 8 against the New York Jets, Bouye recorded his first interception of the season off Sam Darnold in the 29–15 win. He played in 14 games and recorded 65 total tackles, one interception, and eight passes defensed in the 2019 season.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: On March 3, 2020, the Jaguars agreed to trade Bouye to the Denver Broncos for a 2020 fourth-round pick originally acquired from the San Francisco 49ers. The deal became official on March 18. He suffered a dislocated shoulder in Week 1 and was placed on injured reserve on September 16, 2020. He was activated on October 24. He played in seven games, starting in all of them and recorded six passes defensed and no interceptions for the first time since his rookie season. On December 9, Bouye was suspended by the NFL for the next six games for violating the league's policy on performance-enhancing drugs. He missed the final four games of the season. Bouye was released on February 10, 2021, to clear cap space for the upcoming free agency period.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: Bouye signed with the Carolina Panthers on April 12, 2021. He entered the 2021 season as a starting cornerback for the Panthers. He suffered a foot injury in Week 14 and was placed on injured reserve on December 21. He finished the season with 28 tackles, three passes defensed, and a forced fumble through 10 games and seven starts.


title: A. J. Bouye

text: When Bouye was only three years old, his mother, Jackie Baskin, died from breast and brain cancer. She was diagnosed with breast cancer and died nine months later after the cancer spread to her brain. She left Bouye and his older sister, Erin Baskin-Bradshaw. He was raised by his father, Steve Bouye, who promised his mother to always look after their son while she was on her deathbed. His father worked as a corrections officer for multiple facilities, including the United States Penitentiary in Atlanta. Bouye is a member of the American Cancer Society's Athlete Council and also participates in the Crucial Catch Challenge. Bouye is also a cousin of Boston Celtics shooting guard Jaylen Brown who was the 3rd overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft and a 2021 NBA All-Star. Bouye is married.


title: Aandhi

text: Aandhi () is a 1975 Indian political drama film starring Sanjeev Kumar and Suchitra Sen, and directed by Gulzar. At the time it was alleged that the film was based on the life of the then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her relationship with her estranged husband, but in reality, only the look was inspired by the politician Tarkeshwari Sinha and Indira Gandhi. The story is based on a chance meeting of an estranged couple after several years, when wife Aarti Devi, now a leading politician happens to stay in the hotel run by her husband during an election campaign. The movie is noted for its songs composed by Rahul Dev Burman, written by Gulzar and sung by Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar.


title: Aandhi

text: Suchitra Sen, the noted actress from Bengali cinema, who also worked in a few Hindi films, played the lead role of Aarti Devi.


title: Aandhi

text: The movie was not allowed a full proper release when Mrs. Gandhi was in power. The film was banned during the national emergency of 1975 a few months after its release. This film was banned on the alleged grounds of violation of the Model Election Code of Conduct, claiming it can cause damage to the reputation of the Congress party. So Election Commission stopped the film from releasing. The ban got further added with the declaration of National Emergency. The ban immediately made the film a national topic. After her defeat in the 1977 national elections, the ruling Janata Party cleared it and had it premiered on the state-run television channel. It proved to be an important film in the career of Sen, and also her last Hindi film, as she retired from films altogether in 1978. At the 23rd Filmfare Awards, she was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actress, while Sanjeev Kumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. The film itself won the Filmfare Award for Best Film (Critics).


title: Aandhi

text: J.K. (played by Sanjeev Kumar) is a Hotel manager. One day he gallantly comes to the rescue of a politician's drunk daughter, Aarti (Suchitra Sen). Aarti falls in love with J.K. and both get married in a small ceremony. After few years, the married couple face many differences due to which they decide to separate. Years later, J.K. and Aarti meet again when she is an established politician. Despite the separation, both of them feel the closeness but fearing that her name might be tarnished and jeopardise her career, Aarti does not want to step forward.


title: Aandhi

text: But at last when the opposite party holds a rally to defame Aarti Devi and insults her, She reaches there and explains to the public and voters that she left her husband and family to serve the people of this country.


title: Aandhi

text: Gulzar said the film had no semblance with the personal life of then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. He wanted to make film about modern Indian politician, and so he modelled the character on Indira Gandhi and to some extent on noted parliamentarian from Bihar, Tarkeshwari Sinha.


title: Aandhi

text: An early version of the film's story was written by veteran screenwriter Sachin Bhowmick, however it did not go well with Gulzar. He had an idea of an estranged couple meeting in a hotel after years, and started developing it. Hindi writer Kamleshwar joined as the writing crew, as the film started shooting. He later went on to write a full-fledged novel, "Kali Aandhi" (Black Storm), which is quite different from the film. Subsequently, the film was written simultaneously along with another Gulzar film, "Mausam" (1975), which was also written by Bhushan Banmali and Gulzar. Along with "Khushboo", "Aandhi" also released in the same year; 1975 proving to be the most prolific for director-screenwriter Gulzar's career.


title: Aandhi

text: The lead role of Aarti Devi was offered to actress Vyjayanthimala, who refused as she was fazed by physical resemblance of her character with Indira Gandhi. Later in 2011, she recounted "Aandhi" as one of few films she regretted not doing besides "Mr and Mrs 55" (1955) by Guru Dutt and "Bandini" (1963) by Bimal Roy, "I admired Indiraji (Gandhi) so much so that I got cold feet when the role was offered to me."


title: Aandhi

text: In the early 1960s, director Gulzar had approached Suchitra Sen, with screenplay for a film to be produced by Sohanlal Kanwar, however when she suggested some changes which Gulzar didn't agree upon, the film never got made. For film "Aandhi" producer J. Om Prakash insisted upon Gulzar to approach Sen again and actor Sanjeev Kumar was also keen on working with Sen. This time when the new script was done, Gulzar went to meet her in Kolkata, she agreed without any script issues, resulting in a "casting coup". In fact, Sen now promised Gulzar to not suggest any changes, and she stuck to her promise all through the filming. For the role Aarti Devi's estranged husband Sanjeev Kumar was already cast, who had previously worked in Gulzar's "Koshish" (1973), again as an older man. Kumar, one of the finest actors of his generation, went on to collaborate with Gulzar in numerous films, like "Mausam" (1975), "Angoor" (1981) and "Namkeen" (1982).