title: Believer's baptism

text: Michael Servetus and the Zwickau prophets opposed infant baptism. Additionally, Andreas Karlstad opposed infant baptism but did not demand rebaptism of once baptized infants.


title: Believer's baptism

text: In the early 16th century, the Anabaptist movement began demanding that baptismal candidates be able to make a freely chosen confession of faith, thus rejecting the baptism of infants. This, and other doctrinal differences, led both Catholics and Protestants to persecute the Anabaptists, executing them by fire, sword, or drowning. Major Anabaptist theologians included: Balthasar Hubmaier, Jakob Hutter, Melchior Hofmann, John of Leiden and Menno Simons. Ulrich Zwingli once met Balthasar Hubmaier and agreed that infant baptism should be discontinued, however Zwingli would later become a persecutor of those who denied infant baptism. However Hubmaier would allow infant baptism in extreme situations.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Historians trace the earliest "Baptist" church to 1609 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In 1641, the Baptist movements began adopting baptism by immersion. Some of them may have insisted on credobaptism by affusion a few decades earlier.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Advocates of believer's baptism contend that non-Biblical records are not authoritative, and that no evidence exists from the Bible or early Christian literature that infant baptism was practiced by the apostles.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Advocates of believer's baptism argue that the New Testament does not describe instances of infant baptism, and that during the New Testament era, the early church required converts to have conscious, deliberate faith in Jesus Christ.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Advocates for believer's baptism use Acts 2 to support their view, where Peter commanded to believe before baptism took place. Credobaptists also argue that Jesus' baptism as an adult, and not as an infant, is supportive of believer's baptism.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Gavin Ortlund argued that the parallel with circumcision supports believer's baptism, arguing that since circumcision was given to the children of Abraham ("Genesis 17:9") and that in the New Testament, only believers are called sons of Abraham ("Galatians 3:7"), thus supporting believer's baptism.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Believer's baptism is administered only to persons who have passed the age of accountability or reason, which is based upon a reading of the New Testament that only believers should be baptized. The believer's full understanding is verified by leaders when a believer makes a profession of faith before baptism.


title: Believer's baptism

text: In practice, this age generally corresponds to the beginning of adolescence, around 12 years in Anabaptist churches and 9 to 12 years in Baptist churches.


title: Believer's baptism

text: This understanding of the age of responsibility is analogous to the Jewish tradition of Bar Mitzvah at the age of 12 or 13, at which point Jewish children become responsible for their actions and "one to whom the commandments apply".


title: Believer's baptism

text: In churches practicing believer's baptism, the age of accountability may have been set higher or lower depending on their traditional practices and their understanding of the psychological development of children.


title: Believer's baptism

text: In areas where those who practice believer's baptism are the physical or cultural majority, the ritual may function as a rite of passage by which the child is granted the status of an adult.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Evangelical denominations adhering to the doctrine of the believers' Church practice believer's baptism, after the new birth and a profession of faith.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Believer's baptism is one of several distinctive doctrines associated closely with Anabaptist (literally, "rebaptizer") denominations, inclusive of Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites, Bruderhof, Schwarzenau Brethren, River Brethren, and Apostolic Christians. For Anabaptists, "believer's baptism consists of three parts, the Spirit, the water, and the blood—these three witnesses on earth." According to Anabaptist theology: (1) In believer's baptism, the Holy Spirit witnesses the candidate entering into a covenant with God. (2) God, in believer's baptism, "grants a baptized believer the water of baptism as a sign of His covenant with them—that such a one indicates and publicly confesses that he wants to live in true obedience towards God and fellow believers with a blameless life". (3) Integral to believer's baptism is the candidate's mission to witness to the world even unto martyrdom, echoing Jesus' words that "they would be baptized with His baptism, witnessing to the world when their blood was spilt". Anabaptist denominations, such as the Mennonites, Amish, and Hutterites, use pouring as the mode to administer believer's baptism, whereas Anabaptists of the Schwarzenau Brethren and River Brethren traditions baptize by immersion.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Many Methodist denominations, such as the Free Methodist Church and Evangelical Wesleyan Church, practice infant baptism for families who desire it for their children, but provide a rite for child dedication for those who have a preference for believer's baptism only after their child has made a personal acceptance of Jesus as his/her saviour. Both infant baptism and believer's baptism may be received via pouring, sprinkling, or immersion—with the candidate or the candidate's parents or sponsors choosing the mode of administration.


title: Believer's baptism

text: In the Seventh-day Adventist Church, rebaptism by immersion is not required for church membership. However, it is available to those who feel that they have received new information that makes a difference or have experienced a reconversion.


title: Believer's baptism

text: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints completely rejects infant baptism. Little children are considered both born without sin and incapable of committing sin. They have no need of baptism until age eight, when they can begin to learn to discern right from wrong, and are thus accountable to God for their own actions. People completely incapable of understanding right from wrong, regardless of age, are also considered as not accountable for their actions, and are not baptized.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Statistics based on membership totals reported by various denominations state that churches that practice infant baptism represent about 80% of Christians.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Many churches that baptize infants, such as the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Reformed, Anglican, Methodist, Lutheran, Moravian, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox denominations, previously functioned as national, state-established churches in various European and Latin American countries. Defenders of infant baptism have attempted to trace the practice to the New Testament era, but generally acknowledge that no unambiguous evidence exists that the practice existed prior to the 2nd century. During the Reformation, the relationship of the church to the state was a contentious issue, and infant baptism was seen as a way to ensure that society remained religiously homogeneous. As a result, groups that rejected infant baptism were seen as subversive and were often persecuted.


title: Believer's baptism

text: Among the Churches of Christ, baptism is seen as a passive act of faith rather than a meritorious work; it "is a confession that a person has nothing to offer God". While the Churches of Christ do not describe baptism as a "sacrament", their view of it can be described as "sacramental". They see the power of baptism coming from God, who chose to use baptism as a vehicle, rather than from the water or the act itself, and understand baptism to be an integral part of the conversion process, rather than just a symbol of conversion. A recent trend is to emphasize the transformational aspect of baptism. Instead of describing it as just a legal requirement or sign of something that happened in the past, it is seen as "the event that places the believer 'into Christ' where God does the ongoing work of transformation". Because of the belief that baptism is a necessary part of salvation, some Baptists hold that the Churches of Christ endorse the doctrine of baptismal regeneration. However, members of the Churches of Christ reject this, arguing that since faith and repentance are necessary, and that the cleansing of sins is by the blood of Christ through the grace of God, baptism is not an inherently redeeming ritual. One author from the Churches of Christ describes the relationship between faith and baptism: ""Faith" is the "reason why" a person is a child of God; "baptism" is the "time at which" one is incorporated into Christ and so becomes a child of God" (italics in the source). Baptism is understood as a confessional expression of faith and repentance, rather than a "work" that earns salvation.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: JoJo's Circus is a stop-motion animated television series created by Jim Jinkins, David Campbell, Lisa Jinkins, and Eric Weiner and produced by the Canada-based Cuppa Coffee Studios and Cartoon Pizza. The series was written by Douglas Wood, the creative executive for two of 1990s animated series: "Tiny Toon Adventures" and "Animaniacs". Features songs with music by Jeffrey Zahn and Jim Latham and lyrics done by Judy Rothman. The theme song was performed by BECKY.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: It was first aired on the Disney Channel as part of the Playhouse Disney lineup from September 28, 2003, to February 14, 2007 (last episode's airdate) with reruns until 2008. "JoJo's Circus" marks the first stop-motion series done by Jinkins himself.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: The series that takes place in a fantasy Circus Town, a self-sufficient city whose cultural center is the "Big Top" tent. The story centers on JoJo Tickle, a silly 6-year-old girl clown, and Goliath, JoJo's pet lion. She and Goliath learned at the Little Big Top Circus School, where all young soon-to-be circus performers learn under their teacher Mrs. Kersplatski. Alongside her friends, JoJo discovers and learns while dealing with challenging situations.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: "JoJo's Circus" depends on repetition in its structure. Each segment always begins with JoJo searching for Goliath, who is always hiding. JoJo then is introduced with the situation that will occupy the theme of the show. A song, usually about the resolution of the situation, is then performed by JoJo.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: At the conclusion of each episode, a supporting character asks, "What did you learn today, JoJo?", and before she can reply, JoJo is taken away for the last segment, the "spotlight moment." JoJo is then placed on a makeshift stage with various cameramen, lighting grips, and producers running about, while the "Spotlight Moment" song plays, asking what she's learned, is sung and JoJo taps her foot along (in some episodes she also taps her hand on her leg). Subsequently, JoJo says what she has learned in the course of the episode.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: The show emphasizes simple, everyday lessons such as playing with others, detecting the sequence, personal hygiene, responsibility, and safety. Also, foremost is the show's emphasis on exercise: JoJo often asks for audience participation (such as clapping, jumping, and stretching) for the viewers. The series is animated in claymation, which is a serious departure to Jinkin's past animated works.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: Characters JoJo and her pet lion, Goliath, returned in a yoga-style exercise learning series/interstitial called Feeling Good with JoJo.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: "JoJo's Circus" was first aired on the Disney Channel as part of the Playhouse Disney lineup from September 28, 2003, to February 14, 2007 (last episode's airdate) with reruns until 2008. Sister channel Disney Junior aired in reruns from 2012 to 2014. In 2005, the series has two DVD releases: Take a Bow and Animal a Go-Go. As of November 28, 2022, the series is not yet available for streaming on Disney+.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: Each episode contains a short tune dealing with the topics of the episode. (Many of these songs can be found on three CDs: "Songs from JoJo's Circus", "Songs from Under the Big Top!", and "Playhouse Disney: Imagine and Learn with Music".) The genres of the songs range from doo-wop to funk to rock to classic punk. Phrases like "stretch your arms" and "jump up high" are common lyrics. Most of the songs are educational — telling kids how to bow, stretch, greet people, wash their hair, and clean up after themselves — while a few are more entertaining, such as "Cotton Candy Sure is Sweet" or "The Gumdrop Song." The theme song of the show is performed by the band BECKY.


title: JoJo's Circus

text: Feeling Good with JoJo is a series of five-minute shorts that were a spin-off of JoJo's Circus. The series was about JoJo Tickle and her pet lion Goliath. In each episode JoJo and Goliath went on an adventure around the circus, and teach the viewers yoga lessons for the TV viewers. Sometimes one of the show's characters were involved. JoJo's main goal was to help each character in every episode, with a yoga stretching lesson. At the beginning of the series, Jojo would stand in front of the stage, spin around and magically have her hair tied up in a bun while wearing a yellow shirt with a clown on it. The shorts run from February 24, 2006, to May 16, 2008, spanning 2 seasons 20 episodes.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada; ) is a Canadian professional men's minor league basketball organization. The NBL Canada was founded in 2011, when three existing Premier Basketball League teams joined with four new franchises for the league's inaugural season. The league has changed in size multiple times and has four active teams for the 2023 season, all in Ontario, but historically has had several located in the Atlantic provinces. The league's season typically begins in November and ends in April of the following year. The most recent champions are the London Lightning, having defeated the KW Titans 3–0 in the 2022 NBL Finals.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: In mid-2011, discussion began of a domestic basketball minor league in Canada. Three franchises from the Premier Basketball League (PBL), the Halifax Rainmen, Quebec Kebs, and Saint John Mill Rats were the first to join the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). The teams had been unhappy with the officiating in the PBL. On May 12 of that year in Halifax, Nova Scotia, league CEO Andre Levingston held a press conference regarding the creation of the NBL Canada. By the end of the summer, the London Lightning, Moncton Miracles, Oshawa Power, and Summerside Storm were established and had announced that they would join the league. There had also been unsuccessful attempts to start up teams in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and Kingston, Ontario.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: John Kennedy, a native of Windsor and a sports executive based in Los Angeles, was named the first commissioner of the NBL. He previously had experience working with the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). League president Andre Levingston spoke on his expectations of the commissioner, saying, "We wanted to make sure we had a person who was going to be committed and was willing to roll up his sleeves and work very hard, someone who understood business, had business relationship and a person who was going to govern the league the right way."


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: In June 2011, the league finalized rules for its first season. There would be seven teams, four of which qualified for the playoffs, and no divisions. It would follow FIBA rules and each team would play 36 games in the regular season. Team rosters could contain 10–12 players, at least two of them Canadian, and they had a salary cap of $150,000 Canadian. Players could earn potentially $70,000 in one season, and each game would draw an average of 3,000 fans, varying by location. Levingston envisioned the NBL Canada as a more stable alternative to other North American minor basketball leagues with players living close to home while playing professionally.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The NBL Canada held its first draft on August 21, 2011, at Rogers Centre. The Power selected Morgan Lewis of the University of Findlay with the first overall pick. Jerome Brown, who was picked fifth overall by the Mill Rats, was the first Canadian to be taken in the draft. The event was viewed by more than 6,000 people online from 93 countries. 180 players from across the world attended the preceding NBL Canada combine.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The first player to be signed into the NBL Canada was Canadian Yannick Anzuluni, who joined the Kebs on a three-year contract on August 17, 2011. On October 29, in the first game of the NBL Canada's inaugural 2011–12 NBL Canada season, the Kebs defeated the Miracles at the Colisée de Laval. Within a week, every team in the league had played at least one game. The NBL Canada's opening season brought in marquee players such as Gabe Freeman, Anthony Anderson, and Lawrence Wright. Amid the 2011 NBA lockout, six players with past experience in the National Basketball Association (NBA), including Eddie Robinson and Rodney Buford, joined the NBL Canada.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The London Lightning, coached by Micheal Ray Richardson, soon emerged as the top team in the league, going 28–8 by end of the regular season, which lasted until March 4, 2012. The team defeated the Halifax Rainmen, 3–2, in the best-of-five NBL Canada Finals series to claim the championship. They drew a league-high 5,106 fans to the John Labbatt Centre for the game. Following the NBL Canada's inaugural year, Canadian sports analyst Alex Walling claimed it was a success, commenting, "The NBL could hold its head up high. It has been a great season and they've gained a great deal of creditability. They've earned the kudos." Levingston touted the league because it "played a full schedule on every set date and never had a problem." Shortly after the season, in April, the NBL Canada held its first All-Star Game at Halifax Metro Centre.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: For its second season, the team salary cap remained at $150,000, with the possibility of an increase in the future. The NBL Canada also considered several cities in the Maritimes, Ontario, and Quebec, including Sydney, Nova Scotia. The league soon welcomed the Windsor Express after an ownership group from Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, led by Dartis Willis Sr., began investing in the expansion team in June 2012. The team, which was approved into the league in late July, would play out of WFCU Centre. On the other hand, the Quebec Kebs, who had relocated to Laval, Quebec, in the offseason, left the league after experiencing challenges in their first year. By November, the Kebs were replaced with the Montreal Jazz, who would compete at Centre Pierre Charbonneau. In the 2012–13 season, the league consisted of eight teams separated into divisions: four teams competed in the Atlantic Division, while the remaining four competed in the Central Division.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The league grew to nine teams in the 2013–14 season by adding the Brampton A's and Ottawa Skyhawks, while the Montreal Jazz folded. Two teams relocated within their same regions with Oshawa Power moving to Mississauga and Summerside to Charlottetown as the Island Storm. The returned to eight teams the following season due to Ottawa falling below league standards and failing to repay a loan to the league.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: Prior to the 2014–15 season, the league announced its first national broadcast deal with beIN Sports. Starting with the 2014–15 season, two regular season games were scheduled to be aired each week with special coverage for playoffs and special events such as the All Star Weekend. The deal ran through the 2016–17 season.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The 2014–15 season ended in controversy as the Windsor Express were declared winners of the championship series after the Halifax Rainmen failed to show for the seventh and deciding game. The Rainmen organization claimed the reason for not appearing in the game that night because their players feared for their safety following a physical altercation earlier in the day with the Express. The Rainmen and its players were fined by the league and the team ultimately filed for bankruptcy and folded. The following 2015–16 season, the league replaced the Rainmen with the Halifax Hurricanes. The new Halifax team returned to the championship game, defeating the London Lightning to win the title in their first season.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The league expanded to ten teams in the 2016–17 season by adding the Cape Breton Highlanders and KW Titans. In the 2017–18 season, the league stayed at ten teams following the Miracles and A's folding and the addition of the Moncton Magic and St. John's Edge in the Maritimes. The initially announced a team in Greater Sudbury, but was forced to delay their launch leaving the league with four teams in Ontario and six in the Maritimes, leading the Edge to play as a member of the Central Division. The Lightning won the championship in both seasons, having won four of the first seven titles up to that point.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: Following their delayed start, NBL Canada expanded into Northern Ontario with the addition of the Sudbury Five for the 2018–19 season. However, the league lost another Ontario team when the Niagara River Lions left to help found the rival Canadian Elite Basketball League. St. John's was again a member of the Central Division, but mostly played against Atlantic Division teams.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: Before the 2019–20 season, the league granted the Cape Breton Highlanders and Saint John Riptide dormancy as their respective owners tried to sell the teams and the league shrank to eight teams. During the season, the COVID-19 pandemic caused games to be suspended on March 12, 2020. The season was then entirely cancelled as the pandemic closed arenas and travel was restricted. The league initially delayed the start to the 2020–21 season as the pandemic continued into 2021. On March 4, 2021, NBL Canada announced there would be no 2020–21 season.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: During the hiatus, the Halifax Hurricanes and Moncton Magic both withdrew from the league while the St. John's Edge were not granted a new lease for their arena. Subsequently, the Island Storm withdrew from the season as it was the only remaining member in the Maritimes ready to play in the 2021–22 season, leaving the league with only the four active teams in Ontario. In order to fill the schedule, the league agreed to inter-league series play with the US-based The Basketball League (TBL), run by former NBLC commissioner David Magley and his wife Evelyn.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The London Lightning have the most championships with four wins, the Windsor Express are second with two wins. The Halifax Hurricanes appeared in the finals in each of their first three seasons, winning in their first appearance. The Halifax Rainmen and the Island Storm have appeared in two league finals failing to win the trophy. The Sudbury Five are currently the only active team to have never reached the finals


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The NBL Canada annually announces the winners of eight awards. Players can be named Most Valuable Player, Canadian of the Year, Defensive Player of the Year, Rookie of the Year, Newcomer of the Year, Sixth Man of the Year. The league also awards the Coach of the Year and Executive of the Year. In addition, the top player in the NBL Canada Finals wins Finals Most Valuable Player. After the 2015–16 season, the league started announcing Commissioner's Awards to groups that helped support it, including ownership groups, teams, and referees. These awards were first handed out by Dave Magley.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: Until the 2013–14 season, the NBL Canada held All-Star Weekend every year. In the 2012 game, players Joey Haywood and Eddie Smith chose each team through a fantasy draft. The best performer in the game was named All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. Starting with the next All-Star game, the league began matching top players from the Central Division with those from the Atlantic Division. At least three Canadian players were required on each team. The NBL Canada discontinued the event after the 2014 game.


title: National Basketball League of Canada

text: The commissioner of the NBL Canada is the league's chief executive and is elected by the board of directors and a group of representatives from each team. Since Magley's resignation in 2017, Audley Stephenson has been acting as deputy commissioner.


title: CSI 300 Index

text: The CSI 300 () is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to replicate the performance of the top 300 stocks traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It has two sub-indexes: the CSI 100 Index and the CSI 200 Index. Over the years, it has been deemed the Chinese counterpart of the S&P 500 index and a better gauge of the Chinese stock market than the more traditional SSE Composite Index.


title: CSI 300 Index

text: It has been calculated since April 8, 2005. Its value is normalized relative to a base of 1000 on December 31, 2004.


title: CSI 300 Index

text: CSI 300 Index also split into CSI 100 Index and CSI 200 Index for top 100 companies and 101st to 300th companies


title: Luteolin

text: Luteolin is the principal yellow dye compound that is obtained from the plant "Reseda luteola", which has been used as a source of the dye since at least the first millennium B.C. Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and named, in 1829 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. The luteolin empirical formula was determined by the Austrian chemists Heinrich Hlasiwetz and Leopold Pfaundler in 1864. In 1896, the English chemist Arthur George Perkin proposed the correct structure for luteolin. Perkin's proposed structure for luteolin was confirmed in 1900 when the Polish-Swiss chemist Stanislaw Kostanecki (1860–1910) and his students A. Różycki and J. Tambor synthesized luteolin.


title: Luteolin

text: Luteolin is most often found in leaves, but it is also seen in rinds, barks, clover blossom, and ragweed pollen. It has also been isolated from the aromatic flowering plant, "Salvia tomentosa" in the mint family, "Lamiaceae".


title: Luteolin

text: Dietary sources include celery, broccoli, artichoke, green pepper, parsley, thyme, dandelion, perilla, chamomile tea, carrots, olive oil, peppermint, rosemary, navel oranges, and oregano. It can also be found in the seeds of the palm "Aiphanes aculeata".


title: Shonduras

text: Shaun Todd McBride (born July 7, 1987), better known by his online alias Shonduras, is an American entrepreneur and social media personality from Clearfield, Utah. He is best known on Snapchat for his finger-drawings, filming his life on YouTube, as well as being the owner and founder of his own esports organization, Spacestation Gaming. Shaun McBride owns ten companies within the Spacestation: Shonduras, A For Adley, Spacestation Animation, Quarter Machine, Moonwalk Media, Remarketing Space, Spacestation Investments, Spacestation Integrations, Spacestation CPG, Spacestation Gaming. He's also a skateboarder and snowboarder.


title: Shonduras

text: In 2014, Shonduras had made a Snapchat account to share his adventures with his family. He started drawing on Snapchat, and sent his drawings to only his friends and family. He started getting popular after he had doodled an elderly woman into a My Little Pony character with rainbow hair. He had sent it to his sisters, and they showed it to their friends at school. They started adding him to see more of his Snapchat art which is where his audience first started to grow. Shonduras' audience became so big that by advertising through Snapchat, it had become his job. Shonduras was one of Snapchat's first content creators to gain a following. In 2015, he bought a Canon 70D DSLR to start vlogging his life and is still doing it to this day with the same camera. The Shonduras YouTube channel has over three million subscribers.


title: Shonduras

text: Shonduras created content on Snapchat. He did share the adventures he had on Snapchat to not only his friends and family, but his fans as well. His stories have included him walking a tiger and riding an elephant in Thailand. He flew in a helicopter over glaciers in Alaska, started multiple virtual thumb wars with one of the Jonas Brothers, Kevin Jonas. Shonduras also shared experiences at Disneyland and Disney World and was invited backstage at the Austin City Limits Music Festival. However, the stories he created and shared were entertaining and would show him gaming with friends, skateboarding with friends, going to the dentist, or waiting 7 hours at an airport for his flight to leave. No matter what he was up to, he turned it into a Snapchat story. He created a series called, "Make My Monday" where he completed dares that were sent to him by his fans every Monday. Shonduras participated in "SnapperHero", SnapperHero was Snapchat's first original series. He uploaded some of his Snapchat story compilations to his YouTube channel.


title: Shonduras

text: Shonduras started his vlogging career on August 5, 2015 which is also his first daughter's birthday, he started vlogging his week and would post every Sunday. He would shortly transfer to daily vlogs that are called "Best Day Ever" to be uploaded starting in November 2015. In the Best Day Ever's, Shonduras shows his life from traveling, family time, as well as what he does at his office called "Spacestation". On March 4, 2017, he hit one million subscribers on his YouTube channel.


title: Shonduras

text: In the 5th annual Streamy Awards, Shonduras was nominated for both "Best Short Form Creativity" and "Best Snapchat Storyteller." SnapperHero, which he participated in, won the Streamy Award for "Best Short Form Creativity." In both the 5th and 6th annual Streamy Awards, he won the "Snapchat Storyteller" Streamy award. In the 7th annual Shorty Awards, Shonduras was a finalist in "The Best Snapchatter" category. In 2016, he was nominated in The Ghosties for both "Snapchatter of the Year" and "Best Storyteller", he won the "Snapchatter of the Year" Ghostie award.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Stanley is an American animated television series that aired on Playhouse Disney based on the series of children's books written by "Griff" (as indicated on the cover of the original book), also known as Andrew Griffin. It was produced by Cartoon Pizza and was developed for television by Jim Jinkins (the creator of "Doug", "PB&J Otter", "Allegra's Window", "JoJo's Circus", and "Pinky Dinky Doo") and David Campbell. the show features famous celebrity Charles Shaughnessy as the voice of Dennis the Goldfish.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: "Stanley" teaches a wide variety of issues preschool children face, including change, growth, rules, and dealing with others. Each episode centers on an animal that deals with or helps explain the issue Stanley is grappling with.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Bahamian Junkanoo and reggae fusion group Baha Men, who are known for their hit song "Who Let the Dogs Out", sang the series' main theme song, "My Man Stanley".


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Each episode shows Stanley (voiced by Jessica D. Stone) in a situation he does not fully understand. He discusses it with his pet goldfish Dennis (Charles Shaughnessy) before consulting either his computer or the "Great Big Book of Everything", a remarkably complete zoology book aimed at young children. By observing how an animal copes with the same situation Stanley faces, or how it can overcome a similar difficulty, Stanley learns to deal with the situation himself.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Throughout the show Stanley and all his preschool aged friends are able to talk to his pet cat, Elsie (Hynden Walch) and dog Harry (Rene Mujica) as well as Dennis. Other animals also seem to occasionally respond, but never talk or give a definite indication they truly understood what was said. Stanley and his friends actively try to keep the adults (that is, except Stanley's grandmother), and by extension Stanley's older brother Lionel, from realizing this.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: The "Great Big Book of Everything" is magical in nature, able to either let the animals out of the pages or allow the children to enter, sometimes changing them into animals in the process. This does not appear to be imaginary since occasionally adults do notice the noise, and Stanley works hard to hide the animals. There is also an episode where Stanley's brother sees a whale on the roof but dismisses the memory when it disappears back into the book.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: The Halloween special features Stanley's grandmother who, it is implied, is a witch. She reveals that she too can work the book, and in fact was the one who gave it to Stanley for a fourth birthday present. She was also the one who taught its theme song to Harry and Elsie.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: When someone says the "Great Big Book of Everything", hints it out, or even has the book, Elsie and Harry will wake up or find their way into the scene and start singing. This usually annoys Dennis, who after the introductory verse, says something like "Oh, not again!"


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: In the U.S., the series debuted on Disney Channel's daytime preschool block Playhouse Disney on September 15, 2001, 4 days after the 9/11 attacks. When Playhouse Disney rebranded its on-air presentation in 2007, "Stanley" was put on a new time slot at 6:00 AM ET on weekends. Stanley stopped airing in May 2008, but the show was still available on PlayhouseDisney.com. In February 2011, the show was completely removed when Playhouse Disney rebranded as Disney Junior. The show was briefly seen online on DisneyJunior.com as part of "fan favorites" week on the week of June 20, 2011. From March 23, 2012 to September 3, 2013, the series returned on the U.S. airwaves on Disney Junior. And Stanley was kept on demand from that point until 2019, when it was removed. The show has yet to be added to Disney+; although, reruns are currently airing on the weekends on Disney Junior in Japan.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: In Canada, it ran on The Family Channel from 2002 to 2007 and then was moved to Disney Junior, which ran from November 30, 2007 until September 29, 2013, when it was removed from the schedule. It also aired on the Canadian-French version of Disney Junior since 2010.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Stanley wanted to help Lionel finish his new song, so he gets help from a Kokako bird from the Great Big Book of Everything to do so, but the bird takes the finished song back into the book, prompting Stanley and Dennis to get it back. They were only able to retrieve half of the song, prompting Lionel to take the book.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: While looking at the Great Big Book of Everything, Lionel sees a page about the arctic and (seeing the place as the perfect place to write a song without noise, bothers, and brothers) wished he could live there, which caused the book to suck him there.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: Stanley and Dennis tries to find Lionel in many habitats in the book, using the adaptations of the native animals to aid them. but several incidents with Harry and Elsie cause the trio to switch from habitat to habitat,


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: When Mrs. Griff came to Stanley's room to check on him, Harry and Elsie try to hide the book, but caused all the pages to fall out, not only resulting in Lionel and Stanley with Dennis swapping habitats again. Stanley convinced his mom that he's working things out with Lionel, and after she was glad to hear this she tells him dinner starts in half an hour, causing the others to speed up their search. Stanley, who is now on a farm, suddenly sees an elephant, a camel, and a penguin in the exact same area. After learning this was because the pages fell out, Stanley and Dennis tried to come out of the book to fix this, only to find that they're stuck due to the same condition.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: So, Stanley's friends are called to come over and race to put the Great Big Book of Everything back together, hoping to free Stanley, Dennis and Lionel, and saving all the animals, while Stanley and Dennis continue to look for Lionel.


title: Stanley (2001 TV series)

text: On January 3, 2006, Walt Disney Home Entertainment and Cartoon Pizza released a full-length direct-to-video movie based on "Stanley". Entitled "Stanley's Dinosaur Round-Up", the film centers on the titular character as he, along with Elsie, Dennis, Harry, Marci, Mimi and Lester team up to save his Great Uncle Stew (John Ritter, who completed his work for the film before he died)'s dude ranch from the greedy Rockin' Rory (Randy Quaid) who intends to buy the ranch and turn it into an amusement park.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Eleanor Ruth Keaton (May 1918October 19, 1998) was an American dancer and variety show performer. She was an MGM contract dancer in her teens and became the third wife of silent-film comedian Buster Keaton at the age of 21. She is credited with rehabilitating her husband's life and career. The two performed at the Cirque Medrano in Paris and on European tours in the 1950s; she also performed with him on "The Buster Keaton Show" in the early 1950s. After his death in 1966, she helped ensure Keaton's legacy by giving many interviews to biographers, film historians, and journalists, sharing details from his personal life and career, and also attended film festivals and celebrations honoring Keaton. In her later years, she bred champion St. Bernard dogs, was a gag consultant for Hollywood filmmakers, and was an invited speaker at silent-film screenings.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Eleanor Ruth Norris was born in Hollywood, California, in May 1918. She was the eldest of two daughters of Ralph and Jessie Norris. Her father, a studio electrician for Warner Brothers, died in a fall from a scaffold in January 1929, aged 37. Her mother raised her and her sister on a small pension from the studio. Norris later said that she matured quickly after her father's death and became "a pretty direct and straightforward young lady".


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Norris took dance lessons as a child and dropped out of school at age 15 to join a nightclub act called Six Blondes from Hollywood, which toured internationally. At age 17, she worked as a dancer in the New York nightclub of Harry Richman, and also became a contract dancer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studios. She appeared in the chorus of several MGM musicals, including "Born to Dance" (1936) and "Rosalie" (1937).


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Norris became acquainted with Buster Keaton in 1938 when she was looking to improve her bridge game. Keaton was known as "one of the best bridge players in Hollywood", and a friend introduced her to the game at Keaton's house in Cheviot Hills. Norris later said that she sat at Keaton's bridge game a few nights a week for over a year without interacting with her host. One time, however, she snapped back at another player who "made a nasty remark" about a card she had played, and Keaton raised his eyes and noticed her. They dated for about a year before he proposed marriage.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: With his independent filmmaking career taken from him, two failed marriages, most of his money gone, and a history of alcoholism, Keaton, 42 years old when they met in 1938, was quite the opposite of the pretty and popular Eleanor, then aged 19. Keaton was working at MGM as a gag writer, producing comedy routines for the Marx Brothers and others at a salary of $200 a week. He spent his free time playing cards with friends. Though at first glance he seemed "old and sad and forbidding", Norris discovered that he was kind, gentle, and patient. She sensed that she could give Keaton what he needed: not just a wife, but "a combination valet, cook, housekeeper, bill payer, and constant reminder". John C. Tibbetts noted in his interview with her that she possessed "the kind of sturdy independence, inner reserve and genuine caring nature that must have appealed to Buster". Friends of both Keaton and Norris warned her against the marriage; she recalled: "They said he had had enough trouble in his life without adding me; and that I should go away and leave him alone". In his autobiography, "My Wonderful World of Slapstick", Keaton wrote that his friends were more worried about him than Eleanor. But the couple went ahead and married on May 29, 1940.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: The couple moved into Buster's mother's home and Eleanor ran the household for the three of them. In a few years' time, Buster began supporting his sister Louise and brother Harry, along with Harry's wife and two children, who also moved in with them. Eleanor said that neither she nor Buster wanted to have children, explaining, "I figured I'd raised him and that was enough". Eleanor told Tibbetts that Buster was generally good about controlling his drinking, and that together they decided that he could have a "cocktail hour" before dinner. She said he drank two beers before dinner for the rest of his life.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: As theater attendance decreased after World War II, MGM laid off its chorus members, including Eleanor Keaton in 1953. However, a new career began for both her and Buster in Europe when the Cirque Medrano invited Buster to perform in Paris in 1947. The act, his first vaudeville performance in 30 years, featured the couple in a routine called "putting a drunk woman to bed":


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: [The] routine involved Keaton trying to get his intoxicated wife into bed without waking her up. Her totally inert body refuses to respond to his wishes, constantly sliding into grotesque positions. When he finally gets her into a chair she slides off it, and when he puts her on the bed and tries to roll her over, she rolls off onto the floor again. After several minutes of hilarious pantomime, he finally gets the girl into bed and the bed collapses to the floor.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: The act was well-received and well-paying: Keaton received $1,500 per performance at the Cirque Medrano. The Keatons also appeared on variety bills in Italy, Scotland, and England. They spent about six months a year performing in Europe in the 1950s. Eleanor also performed with her husband on "The Buster Keaton Show" in the early 1950s. In 1957, the couple performed in a U.S. national tour of "Once Upon a Mattress". On April 3, 1957, they appeared on the reality television documentary show "This Is Your Life"; she helped arrange the appearance of Buster's sister, brother, sons, and notable contemporaries.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Eleanor accompanied Buster to all of his engagements and location shooting for his films. He performed in state fairs in Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Tennessee, and Alabama; in fact, it was on a return trip from the Kansas State Fair that Eleanor, driving while Buster dozed, stopped the car when she realized they were in Piqua and introduced him to the place he had been born while his parents were touring in a medicine show. The couple also traveled nearly across Canada for the filming of "The Railrodder" and the accompanying documentary "Buster Keaton Rides Again".


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Eleanor was widely credited with rehabilitating Buster's life and career. In his authorized biography, "Keaton", Rudi Blesh praised Eleanor for having buoyed her husband through career setbacks and encouraging him to keep plying his talents on television and in film. He wrote:


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: [S]he has seen Buster Keaton through a long period of painful adjustment, relapse, and readjustment and a dozen partial comebacks. She has carried him, content and at times happy, across the threshold of his seventies. She has lived with the most difficult and tragic of human beings, the exiled and estranged artist. Through it all she has retained both love and admiration for him".


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: In their leisure time, the couple played bridge, basketball, and went camping together. In 1957, Buster received $50,000 () from Paramount Pictures for the rights to his life story. Though "The Buster Keaton Story" (1957) was more fiction than fact, the money enabled Keaton to buy a ranch house on in the San Fernando Valley.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Buster Keaton died on February 1, 1966. After his death, Eleanor worked to ensure his legacy. She attended film festivals and film screenings celebrating his work around the world. She gave many interviews to journalists, biographers, and film historians, speaking candidly about her husband's personality, opinions, career, and their life together. She appeared in the television documentaries "" (1987) and "Buster Keaton: Genius in Slapshoes" (1995). Her presence at the second and third annual Buster Keaton Celebration in Iola, Kansas, in 1994 and 1995 helped legitimize the event. She was later honored as a recipient of The Buster, an award given by the International Buster Keaton Society.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: In 1995, the centenary of Buster's birth, film retrospectives and conferences were held in the U.S. and Canada. Eleanor attended events in Berlin, Rio de Janeiro, New York, Los Angeles, Muskegon, Michigan, and Piqua, Kansas.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: In June 1998, Keaton donated more than 900 items of her husband's personal memorabilia from 1938 to 1966 to the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences at the urging of biographer Jeffrey Vance, who argued that these materials should be preserved in an archive rather than in the hands of private collectors or sold at auction. This memorabilia included "very early original vintage photographs from Keaton's infancy, childhood, and vaudeville days, as well as a Keaton family photo album of snapshots dating from 1909 to 1917". Keaton also gifted film stills and other memorabilia to the Buster Keaton Memorial Museum in Piqua. She contributed many stories and personal photographs to Vance for his 2001 coffee-table book "Buster Keaton Remembered".


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Keaton also owned a pet shop and bred St. Bernard dogs descended from one of Buster's pets. Some of these dogs appeared in the "Beethoven" film series. After closing her shop in 1983, she volunteered as a docent at the Greater Los Angeles Zoo. She also served as a gag consultant for Hollywood filmmakers such as Mel Brooks, and was invited to speak at silent-film screenings, such as the annual "Last Remaining Seats" film series at the Los Angeles Conservancy.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Keaton was an honorary member of the International Buster Keaton Society and The Sons of the Desert, a Laurel and Hardy appreciation society.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: In October 1998, Keaton was hospitalized at the Motion Picture Relief Fund Hospital in Woodland Hills suffering from emphysema and lung cancer. She died on October 19, 1998, aged 80. Her remains were cremated.


title: Eleanor Keaton

text: Eleanor Keaton's relationship with Buster Keaton is the subject of the 2022 semi-fictionalized novel "Third Act" by Kevin Mori, in which the two narrate alternating chapters.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Mark Thomas Lawrenson (born 2 June 1957) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool, among others, during the 1970s and 1980s. After a short career as a manager, he then became a radio, television and internet pundit for the BBC, TV3, BT Sport and Today FM, retiring at the end of the 2021–22 football season. Born and raised in England, Lawrenson qualified to play for the Republic of Ireland through his grandfather, Thomas Crotty, who was born in Waterford.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Mark Lawrenson was born in Preston and attended St Teresa's Catholic Primary School in Penwortham and, later, Preston Catholic College, a Jesuit school. His father, Tom, had been a winger for Preston North End. He always wanted to be a footballer, although his mother, Theresa, wanted him to become a priest. He began his career, as a 17-year-old, with his hometown club, Preston North End in 1974 who were then managed by World Cup winner Bobby Charlton. Lawrenson was voted Preston's Player of the Year for the 1976–77 season.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: After 73 league appearances for the Deepdale club he moved to Alan Mullery's Brighton & Hove Albion in the summer before the start of the 1977–78 season for £100,000. Ironically, they outbid Liverpool who also showed interest in the 19-year-old Lawrenson. Lawrenson made his Brighton debut on 20 August 1977 in a 1–1 draw against Southampton at The Dell. He settled in at the Goldstone Ground and made 40 league appearances by the end of his first season of the club. He went on to make 152 league appearances by the end of the 1980–81 season. However the club entered a financial crisis in 1981 and Lawrenson was forced to leave the club to make funds available. A number of clubs were interested in signing Lawrenson after his resilient performances for both Preston and Brighton, but it was Liverpool manager Bob Paisley who secured his signature.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Liverpool offered a club transfer record of £900,000, and Lawrenson joined in the summer of 1981. He was to form a formidable central defensive partnership with Alan Hansen after Phil Thompson suffered an injury. He was also used occasionally at left-back. He made his first start for the team at left-back in a 1–0 league defeat at the hands of Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux on 29 August 1981. He scored his first goal a month later during the 7–0 European Cup 1st round 2nd leg trouncing of Finnish team Oulun Palloseura at Anfield on 30 September. Lawrenson came on for Ray Kennedy in the 64th minute scoring in the 72nd. Also coming off the bench to score his first goal for the club was Ian Rush.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: In Lawrenson's first full season, 1981–82, Liverpool won the League championship and the League Cup, defeating Tottenham Hotspur in the final. The team retained both titles for the next two seasons (in the League Cup finals defeating Manchester United in 1983 and Everton in 1984), becoming the third club in history to win three league titles in a row. They also added the club's fourth European Cup in 1984, the last time Liverpool would win Europe's most prestigious club prize until 2005. Lawrenson dislocated his shoulder three weeks before the 1985 European Cup final, the Heysel Stadium Disaster. He started the game, which Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus, but was injured after a few minutes and had to be substituted.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Lawrenson earned a reputation as an accomplished player and in the 1985–1986 season he was an integral part of the Liverpool side who completed the third league championship and FA Cup double of the 20th century. They overtook derby rivals Everton to win the league by two points and later came from behind to defeat Everton 3–1 in the 1986 FA Cup final at Wembley. After 1986, Lawrenson's first team place came under threat from the younger Gary Gillespie. Lawrenson's partnership with team captain Hansen continued for one more season before he, already out through a minor injury, suffered Achilles tendon damage in 1988 which prematurely ended his career. He earned a fifth and final title medal when that season ended. His Liverpool career ended after 332 appearances and 18 goals in all competitions – one of which was the fifth goal in a 5–0 defeat of Merseyside rivals Everton on 6 November 1982, a game in which Ian Rush scored four of the five goals.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: After his time at Liverpool, he was appointed Oxford United manager in 1988. His time at the club was frustrating and he resigned after star striker Dean Saunders was sold by the board of directors without Lawrenson's approval. Over that winter, he made a brief playing comeback in the Football Conference, making two appearances for Barnet. Lawrenson also managed Peterborough United from 6 September 1989 until 9 November 1990.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Lawrenson returned to playing with non-league clubs Corby Town and Chesham United. His final season as a player was as part of the Chesham team that won the 1992-93 Isthmian League. The club was not promoted to the then Football Conference as this would have required ground improvements that could not be afforded, so he decided the time was right to retire from playing completely.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: After Preston coach (and former Irish international goalkeeper) Alan Kelly became aware of the young player's Irish connections (and informed Irish international manager Johnny Giles), Lawrenson's solid performances earned him a call-up to the Republic of Ireland national team. He won the first of 39 international caps at the age of 19, in a friendly with Poland on 24 April 1977 at Dalymount Park; the game ended 0–0. Ireland employed Lawrenson's versatility and burgeoning talent by playing him at fullback, in midfield, and occasionally in his favoured position at centre half.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Lawrenson played his first competitive match on 12 October 1977 against Bulgaria in a 1978 World Cup qualifier. This match also ended 0–0, at Lansdowne Road (now Aviva Stadium). Lawrenson scored his first of his five goals for Ireland against Cyprus in Nicosia on 26 March 1980 in a 1982 World Cup Qualifier. He scored his second goal for Ireland in the next competitive match as Ireland beat Netherlands 2–1 at Lansdowne Road in the same qualification campaign. This was also notable as it was Eoin Hand's first match as manager of Ireland. In between these two matches Mark Lawrenson renewed his Preston acquaintance with Alan Kelly Snr as Kelly managed Ireland in a caretaker capacity for a friendly against Switzerland.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Lawrenson scored two goals in Ireland's record victory – an 8–0 thrashing of Malta in a 1984 European Championship qualifier but the Irish goal that he is best remembered for is one against Scotland. It was Jack Charlton's first qualification campaign as Irish manager and Ireland were playing Scotland in Hampden Park in a 1988 Euro qualifier. A sixth-minute goal earned Ireland a precious away victory that went a very long way to helping Ireland to qualify for its first ever major football championship finals. Unfortunately for Lawrenson injury prevented him from making the Irish Euro 1988 squad for the finals.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: Lawrenson played his last match for the Republic of Ireland against Israel on 10 November 1987. It was a friendly match at Dalymount Park and was also notable because David Kelly scored a hat trick on his international debut.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: After retiring from international football Lawrenson wrote for the "Irish Times", initially providing analysis for the 1990 World Cup. Lawrenson began his television career providing match analysis on HTV West's local football coverage, before working as a pundit for the BBC but then left briefly to become a coach specialising in defensive tactics for Kevin Keegan at Newcastle United. However, the position was again short-lived and he returned to media work. He has since become established as a pundit, both on BBC television and radio, often finding himself sitting alongside his former defensive partner, Alan Hansen. Since the departure from the BBC of Trevor Brooking, he has been the main co-commentator on major national and international (FIFA) matches covered by the television network. He appears regularly on "Football Focus" and "Match of the Day".


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: He is also often a co-commentator on BBC Radio Five Live, often working on the feature matches on Sunday afternoons. He previously worked as a pundit for Ireland's TV3 between 2001–2007 for mid-week Champions League games alongside Welsh national (FA) team manager and former Liverpool striker, John Toshack. When the Champions League returned to TV3 in 2010 he no longer provided punditry. He was replaced in that role by Tony Cascarino and Martin Keown, and moved into the commentary box alongside TV3 commentator Trevor Welch. He works for Irish radio station Today FM on "Premiership Live" with presenter Michael McMullan in talking about football related topics, predicting scores and stating facts. He also had a column on the BBC website where he gives his views and predictions on the Premier League's weekend fixtures. Lawrenson is one of a number of ex-Liverpool players who made up the BBC pundit team.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: He also writes a regular Preston North End column for the University of Central Lancashire's Students' Union newspaper, "Pluto", and a weekly column for the "Liverpool Daily Post". He worked with Japanese entertainment company Konami, recording commentary samples for the Pro Evolution Soccer series, alongside ITV commentator Jon Champion, from Pro Evolution Soccer 2008 to Pro Evolution Soccer 2010. He was replaced by ITV pundit Jim Beglin for Pro Evolution Soccer 2011. In addition, Lawrenson has also featured alongside John Motson as a commentator in EA Sports' "FIFA" series from "99" through "2001" and on the Euro 2000 video game.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: In 2002, Lawrenson made a bet on "Football Focus" that Bolton would be relegated from the Premiership in the 2001–02 season. He lost the bet after Sam Allardyce's team stayed up, and shaved off his moustache as a result.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: At the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the BBC received 172 complaints after Lawrenson said that Swiss striker Josip Drmić "should put a skirt on". The channel responded by stating "We acknowledge that the remark by commentator Mark Lawrenson about Switzerland's Josip Drmić was inappropriate and we apologise for any offence caused by it".


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: In 2003, Lawrenson was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from Myerscough College near Preston for his achievements in football.


title: Mark Lawrenson

text: In 2018, he was given the all-clear after having a cancerous growth removed from his face. He was made aware of the seriousness of the growth when a concerned viewer contacted the editor of "Football Focus". Lawrenson later met the viewer, Dr Alan Brennan, on television.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Rideau Canal, also known unofficially as the Rideau Waterway, connects Canada's capital city of Ottawa, Ontario, to Lake Ontario and the Saint Lawrence River at Kingston. It is 202 kilometres long. The name "Rideau", French for "curtain", is derived from the curtain-like appearance of the Rideau River's twin waterfalls where they join the Ottawa River. The canal system uses sections of two rivers, the Rideau and the Cataraqui, as well as several lakes. Parks Canada operates the Rideau Canal.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The canal was opened in 1832 as a precaution in case of war with the United States. It remains in use today primarily for pleasure boating, with most of its original structures intact. The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October. It is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America. In 2007 it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


title: Rideau Canal

text: After the War of 1812, information was received about the United States' plans to invade the British colony of Upper Canada from upstate New York by following the St. Lawrence River. This would have severed the lifeline between Montreal and the major naval base at Kingston. To protect against such an attack in the future, the British began construction or reinforcement of a number of defences including Citadel Hill in Halifax, La Citadelle in Quebec City, and Fort Henry in Kingston.


title: Rideau Canal

text: To ensure safe passage between Montreal and Kingston, a new route was planned that would proceed westward from Montreal along the St. Lawrence, north along the Ottawa River to the mouth of the Rideau River, later the site of Bytown (now Ottawa), then southwest via canal to Kingston and out into Lake Ontario. The Rideau would form the last portion of this route, along with shorter canals at Grenville, Chute-à-Blondeau and Carillon to bypass rapids and other hazards along the route.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The construction of the canal was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers. Private contractors such as future sugar refining entrepreneur John Redpath, Thomas McKay, Robert Drummond, Thomas Phillips, Andrew White and others were responsible for much of the construction, and the majority of the actual work was done by thousands of Irish, Scottish, French-Canadian labourers. Colonel John By decided to create a slackwater canal system instead of constructing new channels. This was a better approach as it required fewer workers, was more cost effective, and would have been easier to build.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The canal work started in the fall of 1826, and it was completed by the spring of 1832. The first full steamboat transit of the canal was made by Robert Drummond's steamboat, "Rideau" (aka "Pumper"), leaving Kingston on May 22, 1832 with Colonel By and family on board, and arriving in Bytown on May 29, 1832.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The final cost of the canal's construction was £822,804 when all the costs, including land acquisition, were accounted for (January 1834). Because of the unexpected cost overruns, John By was recalled to London and was retired; he received no accolades or recognition for his tremendous accomplishment.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Since the canal was completed, no further military engagements have taken place between Canada and the United States. Although the Rideau was not put to defensive use, it played a pivotal role in the early development of Canada and encouraged shipping, trade, and settlement of Upper Canada by tens of thousands of immigrants.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The canal was easier to navigate than the St. Lawrence River because of significant rapids in the river between Montreal and Kingston. As a result, the Rideau Canal became a busy commercial artery between Montreal and the Great Lakes. It was also used by tens of thousands of immigrants from the British Isles heading westward into Upper Canada in this period.


title: Rideau Canal

text: It was a major route for shipping heavy goods (timber, minerals, grain) from Canada's hinterland east to Montreal. Hundreds of barge loads of goods were shipped each year along the Rideau; in 1841, for instance, some 19 steamboats, 3 self-propelled barges, and 157 unpowered or tow barges used the Rideau Canal. The canal had to compete with the Erie Canal through New York State. Some of the shipments that might have been made from Kingston east, instead were taken to the opposite side of the St. Lawrence River to Oswego, New York. There they traveled by the Oswego Canal to reach the Erie and, via the Hudson River, New York City markets.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Businessmen in Kingston studied the issue. They considered building another canal to Lake Simcoe and on to the French River and Georgian Bay, thereby enabling traffic on the upper Great Lakes to use canals all the way to Montreal and avoid shipping through the entire lakes system. This plan eventually emerged as the Trent-Severn Waterway. It had originally been surveyed as a military route but never built. A simpler plan was to route around the dangerous parts of the St. Lawrence to allow direct shipping from Kingston to Montreal, and this was soon underway.


title: Rideau Canal

text: By 1849, the rapids of the St. Lawrence had been tamed by a series of locks, and commercial shippers were quick to switch to this more direct route. But commercial use of the Rideau largely ended after the Prescott and Bytown Railway was opened in December 1854. It provided faster service than shipping by the canal.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Further work improving the direct route continued along the St. Lawrence River. In the 1950s it was developed as the current Saint Lawrence Seaway, which allowed ocean-going ships access to the Great Lakes.


title: Rideau Canal

text: After the arrival of railway routes into Ottawa, most use of the canal was for pleasure craft. The introduction of the outboard motor led to an increase in small pleasure craft and increasing use of inland waterways like the Rideau and Trent-Severn. Today the Rideau forms part of the Great Loop, a major waterway route connecting a large area of the eastern United States and Canada.


title: Rideau Canal

text: As many as one thousand of the workers died during the construction of the canal. Most deaths were from disease, principally complications from malaria ("P. vivax"), which was endemic in Ontario within the range of the "Anopheles" mosquito, and other diseases of the day. Accidents were fairly rare for a project of this size; in 1827 there were seven accidental deaths recorded. Inquests were held for each accidental death. The men, women and children who died were buried in local cemeteries, either burial grounds set up near work sites or existing local cemeteries. Funerals were held for the workers and the graves marked with wooden markers (which have since rotted away—leading to a misconception that workers were buried in unmarked graves).


title: Rideau Canal

text: Some of the dead remain unidentified as they had no known relatives in Upper Canada. Memorials have been erected along the canal route, most recently the Celtic Cross memorials in Ottawa, Kingston and Chaffeys Lock. The first memorial on the Rideau Canal acknowledging deaths among the labour force was erected in 1993 by the Kingston and District Labour Council and the Ontario Heritage Foundation at Kingston Mills.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Three canal era cemeteries are open to the public today: Chaffey's Cemetery and Memory Wall at Chaffey's Lock—this cemetery was used from 1825 to the late 19th century; the Royal Sappers and Miners Cemetery (originally called the Military and Civilian Cemetery and then as the Old Presbyterian Cemetery) near Newboro—used from 1828 to the 1940s; and McGuigan Cemetery near Merrickville—used from the early 19th century (c. 1805) to the late 1890s.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Rideau Canal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1925, and marked with a federal plaque the next year, and again in 1962 and 2013.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The canal has been featured on postage stamps issued by Canada Post. Two 45-cent stamps—'Rideau Canal, Summer Boating at Jones Falls' and 'Rideau Canal, Winter Skating by Parliament'—were issued on June 17, 1998, as part of the Canals and Recreational Destinations series. The stamps were designed by Carey George and Dean Martin, based on paintings by Vincent McIndoe.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In 2014, the canal appeared on a $2.50 international rate stamp as part of a Canada Post set honoring World Heritage Sites. The same design was reprised on a 2016 domestic-rate stamp.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In 1993, British Waterways and Parks Canada agreed to twin the canal with the Caledonian Canal in Scotland.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In 2000 the Rideau Waterway was designated a Canadian Heritage River in recognition of its outstanding historical and recreational values.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In 2007 it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognizing it as a work of human creative genius. The Rideau Canal was recognized as the best preserved example of a slack water canal in North America demonstrating the use of European slackwater technology in North America on a large scale. It is the only canal dating from the great North American canal-building era of the early 19th century that remains operational along its original line with most of its original structures intact. It was also recognized as an extensive, well preserved and significant example of a canal which was used for military purposes linked to a significant stage in human history – that of the fight to control the north of the American continent.


title: Rideau Canal

text: A plaque was erected by the Ontario Archaeological and Historic Sites Board at Jones Falls Lockstation commemorating Lieutenant Colonel John By, Royal Engineer, the superintending engineer in charge of the construction of the Rideau Canal. The plaque notes the Rideau Canal, built as a military route and incorporating 47 locks, 16 lakes, two rivers, and a , dam at Jones Falls (Jones Falls Dam), was completed in 1832.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Other plaques to the canal erected by the Ontario Heritage Trust are at Kingston Mills, Smiths Falls, and Rideau Lakes.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The of the Rideau Canal incorporate sections of the Rideau and Cataraqui rivers, as well as several lakes, including the Lower, Upper and Big Rideau lakes. About of the route is artificial. Communities along the waterway include Ottawa, Manotick, Kars, Burritts Rapids, Merrickville, Smiths Falls, Rideau Ferry, Portland, Westport, Newboro, Seeleys Bay and Kingston. Communities connected by navigable waterways to the Rideau Canal include Kemptville and Perth.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Since World War I and the construction of more extensive rail lines into rural Ontario, only pleasure craft make use of the Rideau Canal. It takes 3–5 days to travel one way through the Rideau Canal system by motor boat. Boat tours of the canal are offered in Ottawa, Kingston, Merrickville, and Chaffeys Lock. A cruise line operates the ship "Kawartha Voyageur". Recreational boaters can use it to travel between Ottawa and Kingston.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Most of the locks are still hand-operated. There are a total of 45 locks at 23 stations along the canal, plus two locks (locks 33 and 34) at the entrance to the Tay Canal (leading to Perth). The elevation between the Ottawa River and its summit at Upper Rideau Lake, is 83 metres (273 feet), the elevation change from Upper Rideau Lake to Lake Ontario is 50 metres (164 feet). Furthermore, there are four blockhouses and some of the original 16 defensible lockmasters residences along the waterway. The original Commissariat Building and foundation of the Royal Engineers' barracks remain at the Ottawa Lock Station. The waterway is home to many species of birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and fish.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In 1973–74 a new Smiths Falls Combined Lock, 29a, was built a few dozen metres to the north of the original flight of three locks (locks 28–30). The original locks were bypassed but left in place.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Rideau Canal uses a lock system that is still fully functioning. The gates that let boats in and out of the locks last approximately 12–15 years. When the canal was constructed, the gates were made at the lock sites by carpenters and blacksmiths, but presently they are made in Smiths Falls, Ontario, and sometimes it takes up to two months to build a set of gates. The gates used on the Rideau Canal are made of Douglas Fir and are mitre-shaped to ensure a tight seal due to water pressure. The average Rideau Canal lock lift uses 1.3 million litres ( or ) of water.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In normal operations the canal can handle boats up to in length, in width, and in height with a draft of up to (boats drafting over are asked to contact the Rideau Canal Office of Parks Canada prior to their trip). In special circumstances a boat up to in length by in width can be handled.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Four blockhouses were built from 1826 to 1832 to provide protection for the canal which was under the control of the British Forces:


title: Rideau Canal

text: A fifth blockhouse at Burritts Rapids was partially built in 1832 before work was stopped with only the foundation and walls completed, then rebuilt in 1914–1915 and finally demolished to be replaced by the current lock station in 1969.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Commissariat Building is the oldest stone building still standing in Ottawa. It was built in 1827 as a storehouse for the British Military in Upper Canada. The building has three floors, a secure vault, two sets of staircases, and a block and tackle on the front for hauling goods into the upper floors. After being divided into workshops and residential apartments, the Commissariat Building has housed the Bytown Museum since 1917.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Parliament Hill was intended to be the site of a fortress, to be called Citadel Hill, where the canal ended at the Ottawa River.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In winter, a section of the Rideau Canal passing through central Ottawa becomes officially the world's largest and second longest skating rink. The cleared length is and has the equivalent surface area of 90 Olympic ice hockey rinks. It runs from the Hartwells Lockstation at Carleton University to the locks between the Parliament Buildings and the Château Laurier, including Dow's Lake in between. It serves as a popular tourist attraction and recreational area and is also the focus of the Winterlude festival in Ottawa. Beaver Tails, a fried dough pastry, are sold along with other snacks and beverages, in kiosks on the skateway.


title: Rideau Canal

text: In January 2008, Winnipeg, Manitoba, achieved the record of the world's longest skating rink at a length of 8.54 kilometres but with a width of only 2 to 3 metres wide on its Assiniboine River and Red River at The Forks. In response, the Rideau Canal was rebranded as "the world's largest skating rink". The Rideau Canal Skateway was added to the Guinness Book of World Records in 2005 for being the largest naturally frozen ice rink in the world.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Skateway is open 24 hours a day. The length of the season depends on the weather, but typically the Rideau Canal Skateway opens in January and closes in March. Because of global warming, the region's average winter temperature has risen at an accelerating rate since the 1970s, which has gradually pushed back the opening day of skating and shortened the skating season. In 1971–1972, the Skateway's second winter, the skating season was 90 days long, which is the longest season so far. 2015–2016 was the shortest Rideau Canal Skateway season, being a mere 34 days long (and with only 18 skating days).


title: Rideau Canal

text: Although some residents of Ottawa used the canal as an impromptu skating surface for years, the official use of the canal as a skateway and tourist attraction is a more recent innovation. As recently as 1970, however, city government of Ottawa considered paving over the canal to make an expressway. The federal government's ownership of the canal, however, prevented the city from pursuing this proposal. When Doug Fullerton was appointed chair of the National Capital Commission, he proposed a recreational corridor around the canal, including the winter skateway between Carleton University and Confederation Park. The plan was implemented on January 18, 1971, despite opposition by city council. A small section of ice near the National Arts Centre was cleared by NCC employees with brooms and shovels, and 50,000 people skated on the canal the first weekend. Today the skating area of the canal is larger because of the equipment available for ice resurfacing and 24/7 maintenance crews. The skateway now has an average of one million visits per year. City councillor and author Clive Doucet credits this transformation of the canal with reinvigorating the communities of the Glebe, Old Ottawa East and Old Ottawa South.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The preparation for the Skateway starts as early as mid-October. At the end of the boating season, the water is drained at the Ottawa locks near Parliament by Parks Canada. Facilities on the ice such as shelters, chalets, and access ramps for vehicles are then installed. Next, "beams are placed at the locks, and the water is raised to skating level." After this step, the essentials are added such as stairs to access the ice, and hookups for both plumbing and electricity. The ice cap that forms as the canal freezes becomes the Rideau Canal Skateway. When the canal has built up a sufficient ice thickness, snow is removed from the ice surface and it is flooded in order to make the ice even more thick and smooth. Samples of ice are tested for quality and thickness. When it is safe to skate on, the Rideau Canal Skateway is opened for the season.


title: Rideau Canal

text: The Rideau Canal Skateway is maintained by the NCC (National Capital Commission). The ice is maintained by crews 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The snow and ice shavings are cleared off the surface every day and the ice surface is flooded each night with a "water dispersion machine" (weather permitting) to fill in any cracks caused by the contracting and expanding ice. There are approximately 20 holes along the side of the Skateway that flood the ice surface to make it smoother for skaters.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Two types of ice can form on the Rideau Canal Skateway, which are "white ice" and "clear ice". White ice has a milky appearance with air bubbles, and is formed when snow and water mix and then freeze. White ice can also be formed by mechanically flooding the ice surface with water to increase the thickness of the ice cap. The other type of ice is called "clear ice", which has a colourless appearance and is formed when ice crystals build up below the frozen surface in cold temperatures. If snow accumulates on the ice it can negatively impact the conditions for skating. Snow depresses the ice surface and slows down the formation of ice crystals beneath the surface.


title: Rideau Canal

text: Ice conditions can be classified as very good, good, fair or poor. They are updated twice daily by the NCC. The ideal ("very good") conditions mean there are "a limited number of pressure cracks", the ice is very hard and durable overall, the ice surface is clean and smooth, there are a "limited number of rough areas", and there is a "very good gliding surface."


title: King of Scars

text: King of Scars is a fantasy novel by American author Leigh Bardugo published by Imprint in 2019. It is the first in a duology, followed by "Rule of Wolves", and a continuation of Bardugo's Grishaverse. The story is primarily told in third person by three point of views: Nikolai Lantsov and Zoya Nazyalensky from the original trilogy in Ravka, and Nina Zenik from "Six of Crows" in Ketterdam.


title: King of Scars

text: King of Ravka Nikolai Lantsov attempts to rebuild his country after the Ravkan Civil War and get it in order to fend off threats from neighboring nations Shu Han and Fjerda while dealing with the demons the Darkling infested him with. Zoya Nazyalensky, his friend, a powerful Squaller, and general of Ravka's Second Army, is desperate to help him.


title: King of Scars

text: They also run into the Cult of the Starless Saint, who worship and claim loyalty to the Darkling. Yuri, the leader of this cult, travels with Zoya and Nikolai while they are searching for a way to control the monster inside of Nikolai. They are trapped in a remnant of the Shadow Fold that holds some of Ravka's Saints, including Sankta Elisaveta, Sankt Juris, and Sankt Grigori. Sankta Elisaveta helps Nikolai prepare for a dangerous ritual to rid himself of the monster, while Sankt Juris works with Zoya to hone her Grisha powers. Elisaveta ends up betraying Zoya and Nikolai with Yuri's help. Juris is murdered by Elisaveta and is joined with Zoya as an amplifier. By the end of the ritual, the Darkling's spirit has entered Yuri's body.


title: King of Scars

text: Meanwhile, Nina Zenik is disguised as a woman named Mila Jandersdat as she, Leoni, and Adrik help Grisha flee Fjerda, where Grisha are oppressed and even hunted. Shortly after burying her lover, Matthias, Nina meets Hanne, a Grisha living in secret in Fjerda. Hanne is revealed to be the daughter of Jarl Brum and Ylva, a Hedjut woman. Together, Nina and her allies manage to rescue young Grisha women and children who are being drugged with "parem" and forced to conceive children born already addicted to the drug.


title: King of Scars

text: In the second half of the novel, Isaak, a member of Ravka's royal guard, is introduced. He is recruited by the Grisha at the palace to impersonate Nikolai, who has gone missing while on a mission to rid himself of the monster. Isaak struggles to hold his facade as the King of Ravka while attempting to find Nikolai a politically advantageous bride, finding interest in Princess Ehri of Shu Han. However, Princess Ehri is revealed to actually be a member of the Shu Han secret guard and fatally stabs Isaak and then herself, planning to frame Fjerda for the murders. The real Princess Ehri was disguised as a member of the secret guard. Despite witnessing this, Nikolai chooses the real Princess Ehri to be his bride.


title: Extrapyramidal system

text: In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. The system is called "extrapyramidal" to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla. The pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (anterior (ventral) horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers on the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior (ventral) horn cells.


title: Extrapyramidal system

text: Extrapyramidal tracts are chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that are involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the central nervous system, including the nigrostriatal pathway, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, the vestibular nuclei, and different sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. All of these regulatory components can be considered part of the extrapyramidal system, in that they modulate motor activity without directly innervating motor neurons.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (19021974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (19062001). She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father – with echoes of his famous transatlantic flight and the kidnapping of her eldest brother, events which occurred years before she was born. In "Two Lives" (Brigantine Media; 2018), Lindbergh reflects on how she navigates her role as the public face of arguably "the most famous family of the twentieth century," while leading a "very quiet existence in rural Vermont."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve Lindbergh's parents, Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, were considered a "golden couple". Her father's famous solo, non-stop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris in 1927 occurred 18 years before she was born. Hailed as a hero, Charles went on to marry the daughter of wealthy businessman Dwight Morrow, then serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: In 1932, the Lindbergh's firstborn, Charles Lindbergh Jr., was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey — and killed – 13 years before Reeve was born. Reeve's parents never discussed the kidnapping with their children. As she relates, " As the youngest, it’s been easiest for me. My brothers and older sister grew up under the shadow of the kidnapping and the war years."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: In "The Names of the Mountains" Lindbergh reveals what life as a Lindbergh was like after the death of her father through a fictional family. "Under a Wing: A Memoir" recounts Lindbergh's life as a child growing up in Darien, Connecticut with her “loving but stern father”. Charles did not allow his children to drink soda or eat candy, and he favored family discussion over watching television. He directed his family with a set of hard-and-fast rules. "There were only two ways of doing things—Father's way and the wrong way," Lindbergh notes in her book.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: The build-up to World War II brought more controversy to the Lindbergh household. Charles Lindbergh was an outspoken isolationist and critic of U.S. military involvement against Nazi Germany. Putting her father's views in perspective, Reeve states,


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Due to the fame and controversy surrounding the Lindberghs, the family grew up outside the public eye in Darien, Connecticut. As Reeve explains it, "My parents represented this country in an extraordinary way and people identified with them in a very personal way." Lindbergh remembers her family leaving restaurants during a meal her father was recognized. As she recounts:


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Later she would realize her parents were trying to protect for their children what had been taken from them. As she explains in "Two Lives":


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh has been spared much of the intrusion of fame in her personal life. "If I’m introduced to somebody, often people will say, “Any relation?" she says. But, as she's "not recognized in person at all," she enjoys "a kind of freedom that (her) parents did not have."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Other aspects of the family fame do get to her. Of her grandmother's dress being placed at the museum in Washington, D.C. with the "Spirit of St. Louis" and the "Tingmissartoq" the airplane her parents used to scout out commercial airline routes in the Thirties, Lindbergh says in her latest book:


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: As Charles and Anne Lindbergh's youngest child, Reeve has written often of her upbringing in the famous household. In her first memoir, "Under a Wing: A Memoir" (Simon and Schuster; 1998), she tells of how her father's reluctance to share too much about himself caused her disquiet. As a child she watched Jimmy Stewart re-create her father's historic flight, asking innocently, "Does he make it?" In "No More Words: A Journal of My Mother, Anne Morrow Lindbergh" (Simon and Schuster; 2001) she records the last months of her mother, who had written the bestseller "Gift from the Sea" then lost her ability to speak due to a series of strokes. "Forward From Here: Leaving Middle Age — and Other Unexpected Adventures" (Simon and Schuster; 2008) tells of the discovery later in life that her father had affairs with three German women resulting in the addition of seven half siblings to the Lindbergh family.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: When the phone in Passumpsic rang off the hook after news of her father's affairs hit, Lindbergh stated, "The Lindbergh family is treating this situation as a private matter, and has taken steps to open personal channels of communication, with sensitivity to all concerned." For her, this was another way of saying, "We don’t know any more than you do, but we’re trying to figure this out while causing as little pain as possible." As difficult as it has been being a part of her famous family, Lindbergh has come to realize, "You have to lead a real life in the midst of however strange the circumstances might be."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh and her first husband, Richard Brown, moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Vermont, where they both taught school and had three children. In 1983 she published her autobiographical novel ‘’Moving to the Country’’, which Publishers Weekly called "comforting, hopeful, sensitively written, an honest and believable portrayal of marriage, change, and putting down roots."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Their son, Jonathan, died of a seizure at twenty months in 1985. Lindbergh's mother, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, who'd been visiting at the time of Jonathan's death, told her daughter, that "the most important thing to do now was to go and sit in the room with the baby." Her mother added, "I never saw my child’s body. I never sat with my son this way."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: After the death of their child, the marriage "fell apart". To overcome her grief, Reeve took up writing children's books, saying later: “I would be lost without writing."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh and her second husband live in a 19th-century farmhouse in Passumpsic, Vermont, where they raise chickens and sheep.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve began writing children's books the day Jon died as an infant in 1985. She told the Philadelphia City Paper, "I was waiting for my family to come and meet me and I just sat there and started to write this little lullaby for Johnny."


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: ‘’The Midnight Farm’’, Lindbergh's first published children's book, "will comfort any child afraid of the dark," said Eve Bunting in the Los Angeles Times Book Review. Lindbergh continued the animal theme in ‘’Benjamin's Barn’’ about a young boy who discovers jungle and prehistoric creatures, pirate ships, and a princess in a big, red barn.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh turned to an American folk hero in ‘’Johnny Appleseed: A Poem’’, retelling how John Chapman traveled from the East Coast to the Midwest, planting apple seeds for future generations.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: An accomplished poetess, Lindbergh uses rhyming couplets to describe how spring comes on in ‘’New England in North Country Spring’’. "Lindbergh's ebullient verse is a triumph song of spring's melting, sensory flush," wrote Publishers Weekly.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve Lindbergh married her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (born 1944), on February 11, 1987, in Barnet, Vermont — the same day she divorced her first husband, Richard Brown. She and Tripp have a son named Ben. They also have two "gregarious and rambunctious dogs," Labrador Retrievers named Buster and Lola.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: The Elisabeth Morrow School in Englewood, New Jersey was founded by her eponymous aunt in 1931. Nearby Dwight Morrow High School, founded in 1932, was named for her grandfather, a businessman who famously served as U.S. ambassador to Mexico under Calvin Coolidge (1927–30).


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time "the crime of the century". Reeve's other Lindbergh siblings include aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932–2021), Land Morrow Lindbergh (born 1937), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), and conservationist Scott Lindbergh (born 1942), who raised rare monkeys in France. Reeve discovered later in life that her father had three other families in Germany and Switzerland.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Reeve's brother Land Morrow Lindbergh has been considered a possible model for central character in French writer-aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupery's "The Little Prince". The author visited the Lindbergh home in 1939, hoping to convince his fellow pilot, Charles Lindbergh, to urge Americans to enter the war against Nazi Germany. Unsuccessful in his primary objective, de Saint-Exupery became captivated by "Charles’s golden-haired boy," Land Lindbergh. As a 76-year-old Montana rancher in 2014, the possible basis for this classic story could not be reached for comment.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh won the Redbook magazine award in 1987 for ‘’The Midnight Farm’’ and in 1990 for ‘’Benjamin's Barn’’. She serves as member of board (1977–) and honorary chairman (2004–) of the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation. She previously served as vice president (1986–1995) and president (1995–2004) of the foundation. Lindbergh served as Chair of the Vermont Arts Council Board of Trustees Awards Committee from 2015 until she stepped down as trustee in the summer of 2021.


title: Reeve Lindbergh

text: Lindbergh presented a live reading of her children's book, "Nobody Owns the Sky", about Bessie Coleman, an early aviation pioneer, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. in December 2021.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: Aishwarya Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah () (7 November 1949 – 1 June 2001) was the Queen of Nepal from 1972 to 2001, also referred as "Bada Maharani" (बडामहारानी). She was the wife of King Birendra She was the eldest among the three daughters of late General Kendra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Shree Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah in Lazimpat Durbar, Lazimpat, Kathmandu.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: She had her school education in St Helen's Convent of Kurseong, India and St Mary's of Jawalakhel. She passed S.L.C. from Kanti Ishwari Rajya Laxmi High School in 1963. She was enrolled in the Tribhuvan University-affiliated school, Padmakanya College and graduated in arts in 1967.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: She was from the Rana family which had ruled Nepal for 104 years. She was the eldest daughter of General Kendra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1921–1982) and his wife, Shree Rajya Lakshmi Shah (1926–2005). She had two brothers (Suraj Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana; Uday Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana) and two sisters (Queen Komal Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah; Princess Prekshya Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah). After her death, her younger sister became Queen consort of Nepal. Her family had been the effective rulers of Nepal until the 1950s. In 1970, she married Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, then Crown Prince of Nepal (and her second cousin).


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: Aishwarya's youngest sister Prekshya also married into the Shah dynasty, marrying Gyanendra and Birendra's brother Prince Dhirendra who was killed in the palace massacre. They divorced in the 1980s. Princess Prekshya was killed in a helicopter crash on 12 November 2001.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: Queen Aishwarya was energetic, outspoken and a smart woman having beauty with brains. She arranged different social and cultural programmes.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: Queen Aishwarya supported her husband in every steps of her life though difficulties came across them. She was a far sighted women who could understand the need of the country and its people.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: The country people took her support for her husband as a dominant nature, but with the passage of time, Queen Aishwarya's dominance over her husband reportedly mellowed down and she was seen as a caring companion for her husband, whose popularity increased with time.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: She was interested in literature under the pen-name "Chadani Shah", wrote dozens of poems which have been collected under the title Aphnai Akash Aphnai Paribesh. The anthology is prefaced with criticisms about Chadani Shah's writing by veteran critics of Nepalese Literature. She was also a famous song composer and her songs were frequently aired by Radio Nepal and Nepal Television.


title: Queen Aishwarya of Nepal

text: Queen Aishwarya was shot dead along with her husband, King Birendra; her son, Prince Nirajan; her daughter, Princess Shruti; and seven other royal family members. It is widely believed that the motive for the murder was the strong opposition to the Crown Prince's proposed marriage to Devyani Rana. Queen Aishwarya's face was so badly disfigured by the gunshot wound that, for the widely attended state funeral procession, it was covered by a porcelain mask bearing her likeness.


title: Vetala

text: A vetala ( "") or Betal is a Bhairava form of Shiva in Hindu mythology, usually defined as a knowledgeable (fortune telling) paranormal entity said to be dwelling at charnel grounds. The vetala is comparable to the vampires of Western mythology. Reanimated corpses are used as vehicles by the spirits for movement, the corpse no longer decays while it is inhabited by a "vetala". A vetala may possess and also leave a dead body at will.


title: Vetala

text: In Hindu folklore, the vetala is an evil spirit who haunts cemeteries and takes demonic possession of corpses. They make their displeasure known by troubling humans. They can drive people mad, kill children, and cause miscarriages, but also guard villages.


title: Vetala

text: They are hostile spirits of the dead trapped in the 'twilight zone' between life and afterlife. These creatures can be repelled by the chanting of mantras. One can free them from their ghostly existence by performing their funerary rites. Being unaffected by the laws of space and time, they have an uncanny knowledge about the past, present, and future and a deep insight into human nature. Therefore many sorcerers seek to capture them and turn them into slaves.


title: Vetala

text: There is also a strong Vetala cult in the Konkan region, under the names of Betal, Vetal, Vetoba. Since Betal is said to be the brother of the goddess Shantadurga, there will be a temple dedicated in honour of Betal either within the temple complex of Shantadurga or somewhere in the sylvan surroundings. There is a Betal temple in Amona, Goa. Betal is a form of Bhairava and is the head of all spirits and ghouls and vampires and all kinds of pisachas. He has another form which is a more potent and fiery form, that of Agni Vetal who is the sevak of the goddess Kalika. Agni Vetal (Agya Vetal) has flames on his head and controls fire. Agni Vetal is used by Tantriks to perform evil black magic on people. But it isn't Lord Agnivetal's fault because the Tantriks misuse the powers given to them on propitiating Agnivetal (rather his Daityas which are at his feet-they are the ones who accept the blood sacrifices).