title: English irregular verbs

text: The verb "be" has multiple irregular forms. In the present indicative it has "am" in the first person singular, "is" in the third person singular, and "are" in the plural and second person singular. (Its present subjunctive is "be", as in "I suggest that you be extremely careful", though that is not irregular, as all verbs use the infinitive/imperative form for the present subjunctive.) It also has two past tense forms: "was" for the first and third persons singular, and "were" for the plural and second person singular (although there are certain subjunctive uses in which "were" can substitute for "was," as in "If I were you…" or "I wish I were there"). The past participle is "been", and the present participle and gerund forms are regular: "being". For more details see Indo-European copula.


title: English irregular verbs

text: As mentioned above, apart from its other irregularities, the verb "do" has the third person present indicative "does" pronounced with a short vowel: .


title: English irregular verbs

text: The verb "have" has a contracted third person present indicative form: "has" (weak pronunciation ). This is formed similarly to the verb's past tense "had".


title: English irregular verbs

text: The verb "say" displays vowel shortening in the third person present indicative (although the spelling is regular): "says" . The same shortening occurs in the past form "said" . (Compare the diphthong in the plain form "say" .)


title: English irregular verbs

text: For shortened forms of certain verbs and of their negations ("s", "re", "won't", etc.), see English auxiliaries and contractions.


title: English irregular verbs

text: In regular English verbs, the past tense and past participle have the same form. This is also true of most irregular verbs that follow a variation of the weak conjugation, as can be seen in the list below. Differences between the past tense and past participle (as in "sing–sang–sung", "rise–rose–risen") generally appear in the case of verbs that continue the strong conjugation, or in a few cases weak verbs that have acquired strong-type forms by analogy—as with "show" (regular past tense "showed", strong-type past participle "shown"). However, even some strong verbs have identical past tense and participle, as in "cling–clung–clung".


title: English irregular verbs

text: In some verbs, the past tense, past participle, or both are identical in form to the basic (infinitive) form of the verb. This is the case with certain strong verbs, where historical sound changes have led to a leveling of the vowel modifications: for example, "let" has both past tense and past participle identical to the infinitive, while "come" has the past participle identical (but a different past tense, "came"). The same is true of the verbs listed above under as having undergone coalescence of final consonants (and without other irregularities such as vowel shortening or devoicing of the ending): "bet", "bid", etc. (these verbs have infinitive, past tense and past participle all identical, although some of them also have alternative regular forms in "-ed"). The verb "read" has the same spelling in all three forms, but not the same pronunciation for the past tense and past participle , as it exhibits vowel shortening.


title: English irregular verbs

text: In a few cases the past tense of an irregular verb has the same form as the infinitive of a different verb. For example, "bore" and "found" may be past tenses of "bear" and "find", but may also represent independent (regular) verbs of different meaning. Another example is "lay", which may be the past tense of "lie", but is also an independent verb (regular in pronunciation, but with irregular spelling: "lay–laid–laid"). In fact "lay" derives from a causative of the verb from which "lie" derives. The two verbs are sometimes confused, with "lay" used in the intransitive senses prescriptively reserved for "lie".


title: English irregular verbs

text: Nearly all of the basic irregular verbs are single-syllable words. Their irregular inflected forms are generally single-syllable also, except for the past participles in "-en" like "chosen" and "risen". However, many additional irregular verbs are formed by adding prefixes to the basic ones: "understand" from "stand", "become" from "come", "mistake" from "take", and so on. As a general rule, prefixed verbs are conjugated identically to the corresponding basic verbs; e.g "understand–understood–understood" and "become–became–become", following the patterns of "stand–stood–stood" and "come–came–come". However, there are occasional differences: in British English, for instance, the past participle of "get" is "got", (as opposed to "gotten" as in North American English) while that of "forget" is "forgotten".


title: English irregular verbs

text: Only a few irregular verbs of more than one syllable cannot be analyzed as prefixed compounds of monosyllables. The only ones in normal use are "begin–began–begun" and "forsake–forsook–forsaken" (these both derive from prefixed verbs whose unprefixed forms have not survived into Modern English). There is also "beseech–besought–besought" (this is from Old English "besēcan" "to seek or inquire about", making it equivalent to "be-" + "seek", but it has moved away from "seek" in both form and meaning); however the form "besought" is now archaic, the verb normally being conjugated regularly ("beseeched").


title: English irregular verbs

text: The following is a list of 204 irregular verbs that are commonly used in standard modern English. It omits many rare, dialectal, and archaic forms, as well as most verbs formed by adding prefixes to basic verbs ("unbend", "understand", "mistake", etc.). It also omits past participle forms that remain in use only adjectivally ("clad", "sodden", etc.). For a more complete list, with derivations, see List of English irregular verbs. Further information, including pronunciation, can be found in Wiktionary. The list that follows shows the base, or infinitive form, the past tense and the past participle of the verb.


title: English irregular verbs

text: Steven Pinker's book "Words and Rules" describes how mistakes made by children in learning irregular verbs throw light on the mental processes involved in language acquisition. The fact that young children often attempt to conjugate irregular verbs according to regular patterns indicates that their processing of the language involves the application of rules to produce new forms, in addition to the simple reproduction of forms that they have already heard.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: The Boeing Sonic Cruiser was a concept jet airliner with a delta wing–canard configuration. It was distinguished from conventional airliners by its delta wing and high-subsonic cruising speed of up to Mach 0.98. Boeing first proposed it in 2001, but airlines generally preferred lower operating costs over higher speed. Boeing ended the Sonic Cruiser project in December 2002 and shifted to the slower (Mach 0.85), but more fuel-efficient 7E7 (later named 787 Dreamliner) airliner.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: The Sonic Cruiser was born from one of numerous outline research and development projects that began in the 1990s at Boeing with the goal to look at potential designs for a possible new near-sonic or supersonic airliner. The Sonic Cruiser was publicly unveiled on March 29, 2001, shortly after the launch of the A380 by rival Airbus. Boeing had recently withdrawn its proposed 747X derivative from competition with the A380 when not enough airline interest was forthcoming, and instead proposed the Sonic Cruiser as a completely different approach. Instead of the A380's massive capacity, requiring a hub and spoke model of operation, the Sonic Cruiser was designed for rapid point-to-point connections for 200 to 250 passengers. Critics stated that Boeing had timed its announcement in an attempt to distract from the launch of the A380.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: Boeing's 2001 patent detailed the breadth of delta wing-canard concepts studied, which included a supersonic variant with four engines capable of cruising at Mach 1.5 to 3.0, various tail, engine location, and inlet and outlet configurations, smaller supersonic and subsonic business jets, and what Boeing called a "modular" system, where the cruise speed could be changed from supersonic to near-sonic by an interchangeable nose; the "Sonic Cruiser" was a near-sonic variant. The origin has been traced back to 1995, with the formation of an internal Airplane Creation Process Strategy team, which had designed a plane code-named Project Glacier that strongly resembled the initial Sonic Cruiser drawings by fall 2000. In early 2001, Boeing CEO Alan Mulally began privately publicizing the concept to potential customers, touting its improved speed at an efficiency similar to existing designs.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: Don Carty (American Airlines) and Sir Richard Branson (Virgin Atlantic) were openly enthusiastic for the Sonic Cruiser, and Branson expected to make a tentative order of three to six aircraft in May 2001. The March 29, 2001 announcement was followed by a larger media event at the Paris Air Show on June 19, where futurist John Naisbitt and Mulally praised the concept, unveiled as a -scale model. "Popular Science" named the Sonic Cruiser to its list of the Best of What's New in 2001.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: Boeing continued to tweak the design through the summer of 2001. Initial sketches released to the public were highly conjectural. A patent drawing filed by Boeing in early 2001 put the baseline aircraft's dimensions at approximately in length, with a wingspan of . With a delta wing and canards arrangement, and flying just short of the speed of sound at Mach 0.95–0.98 (about at altitude), the Sonic Cruiser promised 15–20% faster speed than conventional airliners without the noise pollution caused by the sonic boom from supersonic travel. As an example, a flight using the Sonic Cruiser from London to Singapore was expected to be two hours shorter than one using a conventional airliner. In addition, the landing and takeoff noise was expected to meet Stage 4 requirements. The aircraft was designed to fly at altitudes in excess of to avoid existing air traffic, with a range between . Boeing estimated the Sonic Cruiser's fuel efficiency would be comparable to best performing twin-engine wide body airliners in 2002 on a per-passenger basis.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: Boeing intended to use advanced composite and titanium materials to reduce weight and further improve fuel efficiency. In order to successfully build a commercial airplane with such a high advanced materials content (projected to be 60–70% of the airframe by weight), Boeing lined up a consortium of international partners with experience in aerostructures. By the end of 2001, those materials were being applied to an aircraft in Project Yellowstone, a competing project using more conventional airplane designs. That aircraft, being designed under Yellowstone as the replacement for the 757/767, was later announced as the 7E7, with "E" standing for "Efficient". As a baseline reference model using advanced materials, the proposed 7E7 would consume 10% less fuel than the Sonic Cruiser, and 17–20% less than the 767-300.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: The design team at Boeing was finalizing the Sonic Cruiser configuration throughout 2002. Wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics analysis were used to refine the Sonic Cruiser concept. Based on artwork released by Boeing in July 2002, the Sonic Cruiser now sported two taller vertical tails with no inward cant, and the forward canard was set at zero degrees dihedral. By that time, three different designs had been advanced: one was the original canard-delta wing design, and two were more conventional mid-fuselage wing designs in the interest of better compatibility with existing airport jetway equipment, although those two designs were unable to offer the same performance as the original configuration.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: In the end, most airlines favored lower operating costs over a marginal increase in speed, and the project did not attract the interest for which Boeing had been hoping. In some cases, the increased speed would lead to operational complications; aircraft could arrive at airports prior to the end of the morning curfew. Demand for air travel fell dramatically after the September 11 attacks, and Boeing began publicizing Project Yellowstone to potential customers for the first time in February and March 2002. Branson, an early supporter of the Sonic Cruiser, was openly skeptical of the aircraft's prospects by July 2002: "Unless more runways are built the Sonic Cruiser is going to struggle because airlines will not have the slots to use the aircraft." None of the prospective operators prioritized improved aircraft speed in a meeting with Boeing held in October 2002.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: The Sonic Cruiser project was finally abandoned by December 2002 in favor of the slower but more fuel-efficient Project Yellowstone/7E7 (later renamed Boeing 787 Dreamliner). Much of the research from the Sonic Cruiser was applied to the 787, including carbon fiber reinforced plastic for the fuselage and wings, bleedless engines, cockpit and avionics design.


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: In 2010, Boeing published a paper detailing several concepts for a supersonic airliner with reduced passenger count, derived from its work with the Sonic Cruiser and earlier NASA work on a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) concept. The concepts, developed under a NASA grant, included the 765-072B (approximately 100 passengers with a cruise at Mach 1.6–1.8), a smaller 765-076E business jet (30 passengers, Mach 1.6), and a larger 765-107B, nicknamed 'Icon-II' (120 passengers, Mach 1.8). All of the concepts had a range less than .


title: Boeing Sonic Cruiser

text: On April 16, 2012, Boeing published an application for a patent for an aircraft configuration similar to that of the Sonic Cruiser; the patent was granted in 2014.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: John Francis Duffy (born 1958) and David Mulcahy (born 1959) are two British serial rapists and serial killers who together attacked numerous women and children at railway stations in southern England during the 1980s. Their crimes are often referred to as "The Railway Murders", and they are often referred to as the "Railway Rapists" and the "Railway Killers"; Duffy, once identified, was referred to in the press as the "Railway Murderer" or "Laser Eyes".


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: In 1982, a woman was raped by two men near Hampstead Heath railway station. Eighteen more women were attacked over the next year, mostly late at night in dark, quiet places often near railway stations in and around North London, especially Hampstead, Barnes and other places. Further attacks occurred during 1984, and then three women were raped on the same night in 1985, in Hendon. West London Police initiated an urgent investigation, named "Operation Hart", to apprehend the perpetrators. The women described their attackers as a short ginger-haired man and a larger man. DNA technology was not then available, but some suspects could be eliminated by blood grouping: one attacker, believed to be the ginger-haired man, was an "'A' secretor with a certain PGM factor of his blood". Unlike DNA, many people share the same blood grouping, so this evidence could eliminate suspects but not identify the offenders.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: On the evening of 29 December 1985, Alison Day, aged 19, was on her way to meet her boyfriend at his place of employment at a desolate trading estate close to Hackney Wick station. Duffy and Mulcahy had been driving around several railway stations and ended up at Hackney Wick where they saw Day exit the train. After she stopped at a telephone box, it is believed she took a wrong turn heading down to the canal and into the path of Duffy and Mulcahy. Duffy then threatened her with a knife and both men sexually assaulted her. The two men then forced her to walk across live railway lines to the parapet of a bridge. Day fell from the bridge into the canal, but was able to swim to the bank where Duffy and Mulcahy pulled her from the water and then to a wasteland where she was strangled to death with her blouse. Her body was sunk into the River Lea using discarded cobbles (granite setts) placed into her coat pockets. The Metropolitan Police in east London set up a further separate investigation, Operation Lea.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Police further stepped up their search for the attacker who had been nicknamed by the press the "Railway Rapist". The murder of Day changed this name to the "Railway Killer", a tag reinforced by the rape and murder of 15-year-old Dutch schoolgirl Maartje Tamboezer in West Horsley in Surrey on the afternoon of 17 April 1986 after knocking her from her bicycle with a wire that had been tied between two trees. As well as rape and strangulation, Tamboezer had been repeatedly struck in the head with a rock and her body was set on fire. Surrey Police set up Operation Bluebell. Meanwhile, the Day murder inquiry was taken over by Detective Superintendent Charles Farquhar (a highly experienced east London murder investigator) and he linked that murder with the previous railway rapes. He then drew a link with the murder of Tamboezer when he spotted that a belt and twig in a scene photo were the parts of a tourniquet ligature. A month later on 18 May 1986, Anne Lock, a 29-year-old secretary at London Weekend Television was abducted and murdered after she got off of a train at Brookmans Park railway station, Hertfordshire. This heralded the first multi-police force murder inquiry (Operation Trinity) since the badly executed Yorkshire Ripper inquiry. It was the first such investigation to utilize basic computers and an early version of HOLMES (Home Office Large Major Enquiry System).


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Duffy, a martial arts exponent and former railway carpenter, was identified by Detective Superintendent John Hurst as a suspect. He was known to police as he had been charged with the rape of his estranged wife. He is known to have believed that rape was a "natural male instinct". A rare type of string called 'somyarn' was found in his parents' house. This linked him to the second murder victim. His experience with traditional bow saws linked him to the unusual method of strangulation using a self-fashioned tourniquet, and his knowledge of the South Eastern railway system was part of his former job. David Mulcahy was also questioned, owing to his close friendship with Duffy, but victims were still traumatized and unable to pick him out of an identity parade (at that time, identity parades required the victim to physically touch the offender and get close to him). Mulcahy was released for lack of evidence.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: To help their inquiries, the police brought in a psychologist from the University of Surrey, Dr David Canter, who was working in the field of geographical psychology at the time. There had been no previous use in Britain of "psychological offender profiling" as it was known, but something fresh was required as two women and a child had been murdered and numerous others raped, with little progress being made. Canter examined the details of each crime and built up a profile of the attacker's personality, habits and traits. While this continued, another attack took place, when a 14-year-old girl was raped in a park.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: As well as working together with Mulcahy, Duffy had started to rape alone; he was arrested on 26 November 1986 while following a woman in a secluded park. Items linking him to the Tamboezer murder were discovered, and rape victims identified him. There was evidence to charge him with the three murders and some rapes. He was questioned about the crimes, and the next day he was charged on all counts. Police knew that he had not committed the offences alone, but Duffy was not forthcoming about his accomplice. Mulcahy was arrested as a likely suspect, but there was not sufficient evidence to charge him.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Duffy went on trial in February 1988 and was convicted of two murders and four rapes, although he was acquitted of raping and killing Anne Lock (Lock's body had not been found until weeks after her murder, meaning forensic evidence could not be found on her body). He was given a minimum tariff of 30 years by the judge, later extended to a whole life tariff by the Home Secretary.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Following the trial, much was made of the psychological profile constructed by Canter, as Duffy fitted 13 of the 17 observations he had predicted regarding the attacker's lifestyle and habits. Such profiling became commonplace in policing thereafter.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Following his conviction, Duffy revealed to a forensic psychologist what the police knew already: that he had not attacked the women alone. However, he did not reveal any more at the time.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: A junior police officer at the time of the investigation and 1988 trial, Les Bolland, was interested in the case and had risen by March 1995 to a position where he could commence or progress an investigation; he visited John Duffy, who agreed to be interviewed, but said it would take a very long time. A series of visits followed, and Duffy eventually requested assistance from the prison psychological service. In late 1997 a new psychologist started work at the prison. Bolland told her that real progress could be made if Duffy received counselling; this was arranged, and in June 1998 he agreed to start making full, proper, detailed admissions to the police. Interviews in the prison were difficult, so Duffy was secretly taken to a remote Hertfordshire police station for a week. There were complications, such as the football World Cup being on; Duffy asked for the interviews to be scheduled around the games, which Bolland, also a football fan, was happy with. The interviews were carried out under police caution, although Duffy was not actually in legal jeopardy, and taped. He confessed to a number of rapes, but said he could remember no more. Further possible cases were put to him from police archives to jog his memory, and he remembered further cases. He was very clear that they were committed with his friend David Mulcahy.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Mulcahy was a lifelong friend from whom Duffy had been inseparable since their days together at Haverstock School in North London. Whilst in school they were once excluded after being found laughing and covered in blood, after bludgeoning a hedgehog.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Duffy ultimately admitted all his offences, including the three murders with Mulcahy. He also explained in detail what had happened to Anne Lock. Bolland wrote that Duffy's confessions "gave a chilling insight into the serial killer/rapist's mind". Duffy told Bolland that a song by Michael Jackson called "Thriller" had played a part in the offences; the two men would play it loud in their car to psych themselves up before an attack (the tape was found in Mulcahy's house when he was arrested on Duffy's evidence).


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Duffy also explained how the way they approached and then controlled a victim developed over time, so that they became in Bolland's words "shockingly skilled". Duffy spoke in a calm, matter-of-fact way, except when speaking about the Tamboezer murder. Nine months after the series of interviews Duffy was charged with seventeen offences of rape and conspiracy to rape; he admitted guilt to all offences, all of which he said he carried out with David Mulcahy. He could not be charged with murdering Anne Lock as he had been found not guilty, but was charged with raping her. In March 1999 Duffy appeared at the Old Bailey and pleaded guilty to seventeen offences.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Following Duffy's claims Mulcahy—a married father of four—was tracked for several months by police, then arrested in February 1999; DNA tests (which were not yet available during the original investigation) conclusively proved his involvement, supported by evidence from a search of his home. He did not answer any questions at interviews. Duffy was going to appear as a prosecution witness at Mulcahy's trial; Mulcahy's defence team sent letters to prisoners on Duffy's wing claiming to be under lawyer/client privilege, informing them that Duffy was the main prosecution witness against Mulcahy, and that if he gave evidence a miscarriage of justice would take place. This put Duffy in obvious danger, and the prison authorities took action to protect him. A complaint to the solicitors, who had written to prisoners who were not their clients, led to claims that the letters were an error made by a clerical worker.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Mulcahy's trial began in Court number 1 of the Central Criminal Courts (Old Bailey) on 11 September 2000. Bolland, an important witness, was accused of conspiring to talk Duffy into giving false evidence against Mulcahy. Duffy appeared as a prosecution witness against Mulcahy, and gave detailed evidence over a 14-day period. It was the first time a category A prisoner had given evidence against an accomplice.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Prosecution evidence at the trial presented Mulcahy as the chief perpetrator and the first to decide that sexual stimulation was no longer enough of a thrill; therefore, he decided to murder the victims. Mulcahy, described as "smug and arrogant" in the witness box, denied all allegations and said that Duffy was lying, that the DNA had been planted by the police, and a fingerprint on the tape used during a rape was not his. The defence also applied to have Mulcahy's interview tapes from the 1980s excluded from evidence.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Mulcahy was convicted of three counts of murder and seven counts of rape and was given three life sentences, with a 30-year recommendation, and 24 years' imprisonment for each full rape offence in February 2001. He was not later given a whole-life tariff, as the ruling barring politically set tariffs had been made by the time his case was due for review.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: A few weeks later Duffy was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment for each of seven full rape offences he had confessed to (although he was already serving a full life sentence). Neither man is expected ever to be released from prison.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: There is a website in the name of David Mulcahy, copyrighted under his name in 2011, arguing his innocence and hoping for a retrial.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Les Bolland, now with the rank of Detective Superintendent, described the case, in which he was involved from start to finish, in great detail in 2002. He posed and gave his suggested answer to three questions:


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: While not in the public media, Detective Superintendent Les Bolland, who had been involved in the case from beginning to end, starting at a very junior rank, and played a significant part, wrote a very detailed article from his own experience in the journal Medicine, Science and the Law in 2002.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: In 2016, a book was written about the case by Simon Farquhar (the son of DS Charles Farquhar), entitled "A Dangerous Place: The Story of the Railway Murders". It was shortlisted for the Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger Award for Non-Fiction.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: Episode 6 of season 2 of the TV series "Britain's Most Evil Killers" is a documentary about the case, which was broadcast in 2018 on the British TV channel Pick.


title: John Duffy and David Mulcahy

text: "The Railway Killers", a documentary about the case with dramatisation of the murders and interviews with key figures, was broadcast on Channel 5 in three parts, starting on 16 August 2021.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Casey Hayward Jr. (born September 9, 1989) is an American football cornerback for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Vanderbilt. Hayward was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the second round of the 2012 NFL Draft and played for the San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers for five seasons.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward attended Perry High School, where he was a three-sport star in football, basketball and track. In football, he was a three-year starter at quarterback and also played several games at cornerback. As a senior, he led his team to the state quarterfinals by passing for 1,300 yards and 18 touchdowns as well as rushing for 1,284 yards and another 18 touchdowns. He also had four interceptions, three of which he returned for touchdowns. His performance had him named the Region 4-AAA Player of the Year. He was also named an All-State defensive back and an All-middle Georgia player. Hayward was also a member of the team's leadership council and a starting guard in basketball.


title: Casey Hayward

text: As an outstanding track & field athlete, Hayward excelled in sprints and jumps. At the 2008 Patriot Invitational, he earned a second-place finish in the triple jump event, posting a career-best leap of 13.93 meters (45 ft, 6 in), while also placing twelfth in the 100-meter dash, with a time of 11.48 seconds. He recorded a personal-best leap of 6.83 meters (22 ft, 3 in) in the long jump at the Harmon Invitational, where he took gold. He also ran a PR of 22.75 seconds in the 200-meter dash. In addition, he ran the 40-yard dash in 4.43 seconds, bench-pressed 255 pounds, squatted 400 pounds and had a 33-inch vertical.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Coming out of high school, Hayward was measured to be 6 ft. 1 in. and 185 pounds. He received very few scholarship offers from division schools, which he attributed to being "strictly a quarterback". He was scouted by Georgia Tech, Louisville, Middle Tennessee State, North Carolina, Southern Miss, and Troy.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward ultimately chose to attend Vanderbilt University because of the school's academic ranking and the fact that the school is a member of the Southeastern Conference. He immediately played during his freshman year and made his permanent move to cornerback as a Nickelback and also on special teams.


title: Casey Hayward

text: In 2009, he was promoted to the starting role and played in every game, although he did miss most of two games due to injury. He was named the defensive player of the week against LSU after contributing 13 tackles (eight solo) with 4 for a loss. He was also named the team's most valuable defensive back.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward continued to make an impact going into 2010 and started every game of the season. He had six interceptions, 70 tackles (59 solo), and 17 passes defended. He ranked first in the SEC and 3rd in the NCAA for passes defended. His performance earned him a spot on the second-team All-SEC as a defensive back by the coaches and media.


title: Casey Hayward

text: During his final season as a Vanderbilt Commodore, Hayward tied the career record for interceptions at 15 (also held by Leonard Coleman). He also made 62 tackles, and had seven interceptions, the third highest single season total by a Vanderbilt player. He was named a mid-season All-American by Sports Illustrated. At the end of the season, Hayward was named a second-team All-American by the Walter Camp Foundation, becoming the first Vanderbilt All-American in four years.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On January 9, 2012, it was announced that Hayward had accepted his invitation to play in the 2012 Senior Bowl. On January 28, 2012, he made a pass deflection and intercepted a pass by Michigan State quarterback Kirk Cousins as part of Washington Redskins' head coach Mike Shanahan's South team that lost 23–13 to the North. Hayward was one of 59 collegiate defensive backs to attend the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He completed all of the combine drills, finishing tied for tenth in the bench press among his position group and 25th in the 40-yard dash. On March 23, 2012, Hayward attended Vanderbilt's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. Scouts praised his intelligence and instincts as well as his ability to recognize routes. They also stated that he was a good tackler with good footwork and durability. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Hayward was projected to be a second or third round pick by NFL draft experts and analysts. He was ranked the fourth best cornerback prospect by NFL analyst Mike Mayock, was ranked the ninth best cornerback by NFLDraftScout.com, and was ranked the 12th best cornerback by NFL analyst Gil Brandt.


title: Casey Hayward

text: The Green Bay Packers selected Hayward in the second round (62nd overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft. He was the fifth cornerback selected in 2012 and Vanderbilt's highest defensive back drafted since Fred Vinson in 1999.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On May 11, 2012, the Green Bay Packers signed Hayward to a four-year, $3.30 million contract that includes $1.03 million guaranteed and a $847,208 signing bonus.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward entered training camp competing against Jarrett Bush, Sam Shields, and Davon House for the vacant starting cornerback spot after veteran Charles Woodson was moved to strong safety to replace Nick Collins, who was released due to health concerns. Head coach Mike McCarthy named Hayward the third cornerback on the Packers' depth chart, behind Sam Shields and Tramon Williams.


title: Casey Hayward

text: He made his professional regular season debut in the Green Bay Packers' season-opener against the San Francisco 49ers and recorded one tackle in their 30–23 loss. On October 7, 2012, Hayward recorded two combined tackles, broke up a pass, and made his first career interception during the Packers' 30–27 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. He intercepted a pass attempt by Andrew Luck that was originally intended for Reggie Wayne to seal the victory in the fourth quarter. The following week, Hayward broke up three passes and intercepted two passes from Matt Schaub and T. J. Yates during the Packers' 42–24 victory at the Houston Texans. In Week 7, Hayward earned his first career start after Sam Shields was unable to play following a shin and knee injury. Hayward went on to record three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and an interception in a 30–20 victory at the St. Louis Rams. During the month of October 2012, he won the NFL defensive Rookie of the Month, having intercepted four passes three games. He finished third for NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year and was named to the NFL All-Joes team.


title: Casey Hayward

text: In Week 8, Hayward recorded a season-high eight combined tackles in the Packers' 24–15 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. He finished his rookie season in with 53 combined tackles (40 solo), 22 pass deflections, and six interceptions in 16 games.


title: Casey Hayward

text: The Green Bay Packers finished first in the NFC North with an 11–5 record and received a playoff berth. On January 5, 2013, Hayward played in his first career playoff game and collected four solo tackles in the 24–10 win against the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Wildcard game. The Packers' were defeated 45–31 by the San Francisco 49ers the following game. Hayward earned the highest overall grade of any slot corner ever graded by Pro Football Focus.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Defensive coordinator Dom Capers and cornerbacks coach Joe Whitt Jr. held an open competition to name the starting cornerbacks for the regular season. Davon House, Tramon Williams, Sam Shields, and Hayward all competed for the starting roles. He fell behind in training camp following a hamstring injury that sidelined him for two weeks. Head coach Mike McCarthy named Hayward the third cornerback behind Williams and Shields to begin the regular season.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On August 23, 2013, Hayward returned for the third preseason game and recorded a tackle, a pass deflection, and made an interception before leaving the 17–10 loss to the Seattle Seahawks after aggravating his hamstring injury. He missed the last preseason game and first six regular season games (Weeks 1–6) with a hamstring injury. He returned in Week 8 and recorded a tackle in the Packers' 44–31 victory at the Minnesota Vikings. The following week, Hayward collected a season-high seven combined tackles in a 27–20 loss to the Chicago Bears. On November 23, 2013, the Green Bay Packers placed Hayward on injured reserve for the remainder of the season. He finished the season with eight combined tackles (five solo) in three games and one start.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Throughout training camp in , Hayward competed for the third and fourth cornerback positions against Davon House and Micah Hyde. He was named the third cornerback on the depth chart behind Sam Shields and Tramon Williams.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On October 26, 2014, Hayward recorded a season-high six combined tackles during a 44–23 loss at the New Orleans Saints. On November 9, 2014, he collected three solo tackles, a pass deflection, and returned an interception for an 82-yard touchdown as the Packers routed the Chicago Bears 54–14. It marked the first touchdown of Hayward's career. He finished the 2014 season with 42 combined tackles (33 solo), seven pass deflections, and 3 interceptions in 16 games and one start.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward entered training camp in 2015 slated as the starting cornerback opposite Sam Shields after Tramon Williams and Davon House departed during free agency. Head coach Mike McCarthy named Hayward and Shields the starting cornerback, ahead of rookies Damarious Randall and Quinten Rollins. On November 1, 2015, Hayward recorded a season-high seven combined tackles and three pass deflections during a 29–10 loss at the Denver Broncos. Hayward finished the season with a career-high 65 combined tackles (56 solo) and seven pass deflections in 16 games and 11 starts. The Green Bay Packers finished the season with a 10–6 record and second in their division. On January 10, 2016, Hayward started his first career playoff game and collected seven combined tackles and a pass deflection in a 35–18 win at the Washington Redskins. They were eliminated after being defeated by the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Divisional round.


title: Casey Hayward

text: He played outside corner during the majority of the season, but also played nickelback when Damarious Randall was used on the outside with Shields. Hayward led all Packers' cornerbacks in tackles and with 908 snaps on defense.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward became an unrestricted free agent for the first time in his career after the Green Bay Packers decided not to offer him a new contract despite a career-high number of tackles and starts in 2015. The decision surprised Hayward and Aaron Rodgers but was considered reasonable by members of Packers media coverage. He received interest from a few teams, including the San Francisco 49ers, Arizona Cardinals, Dallas Cowboys,


title: Casey Hayward

text: On March 13, 2016, the San Diego Chargers signed Hayward to a three-year, $15.30 million contract that includes $6.80 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $2.50 million.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Throughout training camp, Hayward competed for the job as the starting outside cornerback against Brandon Flowers. Head coach Mike McCoy named Hayward the starting nickelback to begin the regular season. He was also named the third cornerback on the depth chart, behind Jason Verrett and Brandon Flowers.


title: Casey Hayward

text: He started the San Diego Chargers' season-opener and made his Chargers' regular season debut at the Kansas City Chiefs. He recorded four combined tackles and defended two passes in the Chargers' 33–27 loss. The next week, Hayward collected four solo tackles, two pass break ups, and intercepted Jacksonville Jaguars' quarterback Blake Bortles twice in their 38–14 victory. In Week 5, Hayward collected a season-high eight solo tackles in San Diego's 34–31 loss at the Oakland Raiders. On October 30, 2016, he recorded three combined tackles, deflected three passes, and returned an interception for a 24-yard touchdown in a 27–19 loss at the Denver Broncos. On December 20, 2016, he was named to his first Pro Bowl. Hayward finished the season with 58 combined tackles (51 solo), 20 pass deflections, seven interceptions, and a touchdown in 16 games and 14 starts. He finished first in the league with seven interceptions and second with 20 passes defensed and was named second-team All-Pro. He was also ranked 64th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. The San Diego Chargers finished last in the AFC West with a 5–11 record and head coach Mike McCoy was fired. The team also relocated to Los Angeles during the off season.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Former Buffalo Bills' offensive coordinator Anthony Lynn was hired as the Chargers' new head coach. Hayward entered camp as the "de facto" starting cornerback after Brandon Flowers was released. Head coach Anthony Lynn officially named Hayward and Jason Verrett the starting cornerbacks to start the regular season.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward started the Los Angeles Chargers' season-opener against the Denver Broncos on "Monday Night Football" and recorded four combined tackles, a pass break up, and fumble recovery during their 24–21 loss. During the third quarter, Hayward recovered a fumble by Jamaal Charles after it was forced by Chargers' linebacker Korey Toomer. The following week, Hayward collected a season-high five combined tackles in the Chargers' 19–17 loss to the Miami Dolphins. On November 19, 2017, he made four solo tackles, three pass deflections, and intercepted Nathan Peterman twice as the Chargers routed the Buffalo Bills 54–24. On December 19, 2017, Hayward was named to his second Pro Bowl. He finished the season with a total of 40 combined tackles (33 solo), a career-high 22 pass break ups, and four interceptions in 16 games and 16 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Hayward an overall grade of 96.4. His overall grade was first among all qualifying cornerbacks for 2017 and PFF also voted him the top coverage defender of the season. He was ranked 59th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On March 11, 2018, the Los Angeles Chargers signed Hayward to a three-year, $33.25 million contract extension that includes $20 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $8 million. The contract is worth up to $36 million with incentives and keeps Hayward under contract through the 2021 season.


title: Casey Hayward

text: In week 2 against the Detroit Lions, Hayward recorded his first interception of the season off Matthew Stafford in the 13–10 loss. He recorded his second interception off Mitchell Trubisky in a week 8 17–16 win over Chicago Bears.


title: Casey Hayward

text: In Week 1 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Hayward recorded a team high 12 tackles (12 solo) and two pass deflections during the 16–13 win. He was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his performance in Week 1. In Week 16 against the Denver Broncos, Hayward recorded his first interception of the season off a pass thrown by Drew Lock before exiting the game with a hamstring injury. Without Hayward, the Chargers won the game 19–16.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On January 1, 2021, Hayward was placed on injured reserve. He finished the season with 41 tackles, eight passes defensed and one interception.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On March 17, 2022, Hayward signed a two-year, $11 million contract with the Atlanta Falcons. He was placed on injured reserve on October 18, 2022 after suffering a shoulder injury in Week 6.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward was raised in Perry, Georgia by his parents Casey and Tish Hayward and began playing youth football when he was five years old. His mother Tish died from breast cancer in July 2016.


title: Casey Hayward

text: On November 27, 2017, it was reported that Hayward's younger brother, Jecavesia Hayward, died after a Toyota Camry he was a passenger in crashed into a tractor trailer that was stopped in the emergency lane on Interstate 75. His brother was ejected from the vehicle and hit by passing vehicles. Hayward was allowed to leave the team's facilities and immediately traveled home to be with his family.


title: Casey Hayward

text: Hayward is involved in many philanthropic endeavors and started his own charity aptly named the Hayward's Hands Foundation. Through the Hayward's Hands Foundation, Hayward donates scholarships to teenagers in his hometown that display hard work and dedication to school, athletics, and to their community. On May 5, 2015, he awarded two $5,000 scholarships to two female students that attend his high school alma mater. Hayward also announced his foundation will continue to award scholarships to students and agreed to pledge $50,000.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Peter Rey Aguilar (; born June 19, 1979) is an American politician serving as the United States representative from California's 31st congressional district. A member of the Democratic Party, Aguilar was elected House Democratic Caucus chair on November 30, 2022. He served as mayor of Redlands, California, from 2010 to 2014 and as the president of the Inland Empire Division of the League of California Cities. Aguilar served on the Redlands City Council from 2006 until his election to Congress.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar was born in Fontana, California, and grew up in a working-class family in San Bernardino, California. He is of Mexican descent. He graduated from the University of Redlands, where he studied government and business administration.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar began his career in public service in 2001 when then-California Governor Gray Davis appointed him Deputy Director of the Inland Empire Regional Office of the governor, eventually becoming the Interim Director. In 2006, Aguilar became the youngest member of the Redlands City Council in the city's history when five council members, Democrat and Republican, picked him out of 11 candidates to fill an open seat. He was elected a year later. His fellow council members appointed him mayor in 2010 and again in 2012. As mayor, Aguilar was regarded for his professionalism, leadership during difficult financial times, balancing the city budget while building financial reserves, road improvements, government transparency, and fair treatment of municipal employees. Aguilar served as mayor and councilman until December 2014.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: California's 31st congressional district became more favorable to the Democratic Party as a result of redistricting following the 2010 Census. The Cook Partisan Voting Index rates the district D+5. In January 2012, Aguilar announced he would run for the seat held by incumbent Republican Gary Miller. Although the top Democratic vote-getter, with 22.6% of the vote, he finished behind Miller and Robert Dutton, the California State Senate Republican Leader. Because of California's open primary, both Republicans advanced to the November general election. In March 2013, Aguilar announced he would run again. In the June 2014 primary, he finished second, qualifying for the November general election, where he defeated Republican Paul Chabot with 51.4% of the vote. Aguilar defeated Chabot again in the 2016 election with 56.1% of the vote.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: In the 2018 Democratic primary, Aguilar faced Kaiser Ahmed and Sean Flynn, a Republican economist and aikido artist. Aguilar narrowly defeated Flynn, 45.96% to 45.45%. Ahmed received 8.59% of the vote. In the general election, Aguilar garnered 58.7% of the vote to Flynn's 41.3%


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar's time in Congress has focused on immigration, job creation, trade practices, gun control, national security, LGBT issues, veteran affairs, drug prevention, student loan debt, and environmental protection. Aguilar has supported legislation to attract individuals in the cybersecurity field to join the military; prevent discrimination against LGBT people by government contractors; provide funding for homeless veterans; and provide funding for research into opioid addiction. He has introduced the Grace Period Alleviation (GPA) Act, which would give college graduates an optional grace period before beginning to repay certain types of loans. With Senator Dianne Feinstein and Representative Paul Cook, Aguilar introduced legislation to protect the habitat along the Santa Ana River. He has vowed to fight the repeal of the Affordable Care Act and to protect women's reproductive rights. In addition, he has worked closely with law enforcement and local, state and federal officials and agencies to help communities recover costs incurred from the emergency response to the 2015 San Bernardino attack, which took place in Aguilar's district, and helped secure additional funding for survivors of the attack.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: During the Obama Administration, Aguilar supported expanding the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program for undocumented children and creating the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) program. He introduced the Academic Success Centers and Education Networks for Dreamers (ASCEND) Act, which would establish grants for college and university programs and services to benefit undocumented students. Aguilar voted in favor of legislation that would effectively halt the resettlement of refugees from Syria and Iraq to the U.S., citing national security concerns, but subsequently criticized President Donald J. Trump's Executive Order as "xenophobic" and said it sent a message of "hate and bigotry to the rest of the world." Aguilar criticized Trump and his staff for citing the 2015 San Bernardino attack in defending the executive order. In 2018, with Representative Will Hurd, Aguilar authored legislation that would provide a path to citizenship for DACA recipients and address border protection concerns.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar released a job-creation initiative for his district that includes cutting taxes on small businesses, investing in infrastructure, expanding job-training programs, expanding Pell Grants, increasing the minimum wage, and equal pay for women. He has introduced a number of bills focusing on small businesses, including legislation to provide tax credits to small businesses for on-the-job training expenses, tax credits for small business for full-time newly hired employees, legislation to make it easier for small businesses to repay loans, and legislation making it easier for small businesses to advertise job openings. Aguilar annually hosts a jobs fair that connects job-seekers with employers in his district. In April 2017, he started a quarterly "Job For a Day" tour where he works throughout the Inland Empire doing jobs such as train conducting for Metrolink, sorting Goodwill donations, and bagging groceries at local markets. The tour's goal is to interact with community members directly and learn about local businesses' daily operations.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: In 2017, Aguilar introduced a bill that would provide active-duty service members and reservists access to training for commercial drivers’ licenses granted by the FAST Act. He authored the Active Duty Voluntary Acquisition of Necessary Credentials for Employment (ADVANCE) Act and the OPPORTUNITY (Offering Promising Persons Occupations Relevant To Upholding National Interests For Years) Act, both of which Trump signed into law in 2018. The latter bill connects students of color with the Department of Defense Cyber Scholarship program.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar introduced the Displaced Jobs Relief Act, which increases authorization of funds for the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms program (TAA-F) to help businesses that have been negatively affected by trade. He has urged the United States International Trade Commission to find that imported steel subsidized by Korea, Mexico and Turkey creates unfair competition and hurts steel manufacturers in his district.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar has advocated for reforms to curb gun violence by closing loopholes that terrorists have used to obtain guns and banning assault weapons. After the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Aguilar participated in the 2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in to show support for gun control legislation.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: On July 1, 2021, Speaker Pelosi appointed eight House members, including Aguilar, to the U.S. House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. After the announcement, Aguilar said of the committee and its investigation: "We owe them—and we owe the American people—a fair, thorough and evidence-based investigation into what happened that day so that we can ensure it never happens again."


title: Pete Aguilar

text: On June 16, 2022, Aguilar and John Wood, an investigative counsel for the Select Committee, led the committee's third televised hearing, focusing on Trump's efforts to pressuring Mike Pence into decertifying the 2020 presidential election. The witnesses were Greg Jacob, Pence's counsel, who told Pence he did not have the authority to decertify the election results, and J. Michael Luttig, a retired conservative judge on the United States Court Of Appeals For The Fourth Circuit, who called Donald Trump and his allies and supporters "a clear and present danger to American democracy."


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar announced his candidacy for vice chair of the Democratic Caucus in September 2018, but lost to Katherine Clark by a vote of 144–90. By a vote of 148–82, he defeated Robin Kelly for the no. 6 spot in the House Democratic Caucus. The position became vacant after Clark decided to run for Assistant Speaker in the House Democratic Caucus.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: Aguilar's top contributors throughout his career have been JStreet PAC, League of Conservation Voters, Credit Union National Association, Matich Corporation, and New World Medical. Since 2011, he has not contributed personally to his own campaign, and relies mostly on individual contributions from community members. He has obtained nearly $5.3 million in contributions from individuals (63.86% of total donations). Top donations are generally from Democrats, but also include lawyers and law firms, Leadership PACs, and labor unions. His total career campaign donations are $8.2 million.


title: Pete Aguilar

text: In 2022, Aguilar was one of 16 Democrats to vote against the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations' anti-competitive behavior.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Maria K. Farmer (born 1969) is an American visual artist known for providing the first criminal complaint to law enforcement, to the New York City Police Department and to the FBI, in 1996 about the conduct of financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Farmer, a figurative painter, had described her and her sister Annie's experiences of sexual misconduct from Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell to a journalist at "Vanity Fair" in 2002 but the publication refrained from including it in their accounts.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer was born in 1969 or 1970 in Paducah, Kentucky to Frank Farmer and Janice Swain. She has two younger brothers and two younger sisters. The family lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona. From an early age, she had a set intention to become an artist.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer attended Santa Clara University and graduated in 1992. She relocated to New York City in 1993 to study at the New York Academy of Art. She earned her master's degree from the Academy in 1995. Farmer attended a post-graduate workshop at the Santa Fe Art Institute in 1995.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer is a visual artist who primarily makes paintings and pastel drawings of individual people or groups of people. In the mid 1990s, while Farmer was in graduate school, she reported selling her artwork for $20,000 directly from her studio. At her graduate exhibition in 1995, the school's dean, Eileen Guggenheim, introduced Farmer to both Jeffrey Epstein, who served as a board member at the Academy from 1987 to 1994, and to his companion Ghislaine Maxwell. Although Farmer had already sold her painting for $12,000 to a German buyer, Epstein reportedly wanted to buy it at the reception for half price and Guggenheim urged Farmer to cut him a deal. Prior to the introduction, Farmer was aware that Epstein regularly attended the Academy's events and frequently observed art students working in their studios. The pair were known at the school to be important art patrons.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In the summer of 1995, Farmer was one of four artists chosen to attend an all-expenses-paid trip to Santa Fe. Several of the artists confirmed that they attended a dinner party, hosted by Epstein and Maxwell with Guggenheim, that was designed to test the artists boundaries within a bizarre and competitive environment where the women were promised that one of them would be rewarded with a major commissioned artwork for Epstein's New Mexico property. However, no commission materialized.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Back in New York, Farmer was recruited to work for Epstein, first as his art advisor, where she oversaw the acquisition of artwork by Chuck Bowdish and Damian Loeb for Epstein's collection. She continued to work for Epstein at the front desk of his New York mansion, signing in "tradesmen, decorators, and friends". She observed a large number of young girls coming and going from the house, and stated that Maxwell would leave on frequent missions to recruit girls for Epstein. She described Epstein showing her the security room at his New York mansion that was equipped with extensive video surveillance devices focused on the beds and toilets in the property. Farmer reportedly saw lawyer Alan Dershowitz regularly visiting Epstein's New York home.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In the summer of 1996, Farmer was commissioned to create two artworks for the film set of "As Good as It Gets". At the time, Farmer was living in a small walk-up apartment in Greenwich Village. Epstein offered her more space to create the artwork as an artist-in-residence at a (10,600 sq. ft.) guest home on Les Wexner's property in New Albany, Ohio. In May 1996, Farmer traveled to the Wexner property in Ohio in a rental truck with her art materials and supplies. The property was spacious but Farmer was disturbed to learn after arrival that the home was guarded by Wexner's armed security personnel and she was required to phone Wexner's wife, Abigail Wexner, for permission to leave the home or property.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer stated, in an affidavit filed in support of a defamation lawsuit brought by Virginia Giuffre against Alan Dershowitz, that Epstein and Maxwell came to the property in Ohio and sexually assaulted her. She managed to escape into another part of the house and barricaded herself inside by pushing furniture up against the door. She contacted members of her family, her mentor artist Eric Fischl, and reached out to authorities. Security guards on the property told her that she could not leave and she was held against her will for 12 hours. Farmer was eventually able to depart the scene when her father arrived, after driving from Kentucky to Ohio, to pick her up.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Later that summer, Farmer learned that her younger sister Annie had also been assaulted by Epstein when Annie had visited him at his Zorro Ranch in New Mexico in April 1996. In a lawsuit filed in 2019 against Epstein's estate, Annie Farmer stated that Epstein had groped, harassed, and crawled into bed with her in New Mexico, whereas Maxwell had given her an inappropriate topless massage.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer called the New York City Police Department and the FBI on August 26, 1996 and reported the assault. The authorities did not take action regarding the assault. The NYPD did make a report about the property theft of Farmer's artwork by Maxwell and Epstein.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In 2002, Farmer, her sister, and her mother also shared their stories with journalist Vicky Ward, then at "Vanity Fair", who was writing a profile on Epstein. Despite the Farmer sisters and their mother giving voice to the misconduct, their mention was excluded from the final story by then-editor Graydon Carter. Carter later alleged that he had been pressured by Epstein at the time of publication to omit mention of the Farmer sisters; Carter's residence and the "Vanity Fair" office had each received ominous signals (a bullet and a cat's head) at times corresponding to when they might have further investigated Epstein.


title: Maria Farmer

text: The art collector Stuart Pivar confirmed that he learned of Farmer's experience shortly after it occurred. Artist Eric Fischl also corroborated Farmer's account and confirmed being contacted by her. Maxwell threatened Farmer's life repeatedly after the event in an effort to enforce her silence. Following the "Vanity Fair" profile on Epstein in which editors decided not to publish Farmer's account, she has stated that the threats intensified, leading her to leave the New York art world.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer has stated that she received multiple direct threats from Maxwell and Epstein, who also called her clients and contacts in the art world in an effort to destroy her credibility. She stated: “I was terrified of Maxwell and Epstein and I moved a number of times to try to hide from them.” After enduring persistent threats, Farmer changed her name and moved first to North Carolina. For 24 years, she quietly sold antiques and restored houses in the American Southeast, in an effort to stay under the radar.


title: Maria Farmer

text: The FBI reappeared in 2006 at Farmer's door to question her just before Epstein's arrest for his first criminal prosecution, but little came of the matter. Farmer was contacted once more in 2016, this time by lawyers who were working with Virginia Giuffre. Still in hiding, Farmer recounted her experiences with Epstein and Maxwell to Stanley Pottinger and Bradley Edwards to assist in a better understanding of the defendants' patterns over time.


title: Maria Farmer

text: After being diagnosed with a brain tumor by early 2019, Farmer described her realization and anger over the impact that the abuse (plus the years of hiding after threats to her life) had on her and her family as the impetus for speaking out publicly. On April 16, 2019, Farmer filed a sworn affidavit in federal court in New York, alleging that she and her 15-year-old sister, Annie, had been sexually assaulted by Epstein and Maxwell in separate locations in 1996.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In an interview with "Grazia" in September 2019, Farmer expressed that it was the betrayal by women that she found hardest to bear in addition to the disinterest with which the authorities handled her early reports of abusive behavior by Epstein and Maxwell. In November 2019, Farmer was also interviewed by Anthony Mason for "CBS This Morning".


title: Maria Farmer

text: ABC News reported that Farmer and her younger sister Annie shared similarities with Chauntae Davies and her younger sister Teala in that Epstein manipulated the trust within both family groups to further his criminal interest in abusing young girls.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In late 2019 and early 2020, five wrestlers, survivors of the Ohio State University abuse scandal, publicly called on state and federal officials to conduct further inquiry into Farmer's allegations of sexual assault at the Wexner property. The wrestlers called for greater accountability regarding the Wexner family's involvement in Epstein's abuse and raised their concerns about the continuing influence of Abigail and Leslie Wexner serving as the "biggest and best-known benefactors" of the university.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer appeared in a four-part Netflix series, released in May 2020, "", directed by Lisa Bryant and based on the earlier book of the same name by James Patterson.


title: Maria Farmer

text: In January 2020, Farmer was reportedly working on a series of paintings and pastel drawings called “The Survivors Project” consisting of individual portraits of known survivors of Epstein's abuse. She claims the harm experienced by countless other victims of Epstein could have been prevented had authorities acted when she first reported the abuse.


title: Maria Farmer

text: Farmer created a seven foot long artwork on canvas about the Epstein abuse network which depicted individuals involved in the scandal in a style akin to Hieronymus Bosch.


title: Maria Farmer

text: After being diagnosed with a brain tumor and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, she was receiving treatment for cancer in May 2020.


title: Fullerton College

text: Fullerton College (FC) is a public community college in Fullerton, California. The college is part of the California Community Colleges System and the North Orange County Community College District. Established in 1913, it is the oldest community college in continuous operation in California.


title: Fullerton College

text: In April 1913, the governing board of Fullerton Union High School approved a motion to establish a two-year postgraduate course of study at the high school. At this time, Fullerton was primarily an agricultural community, which specialized in the production of citrus produce. Delbert Brunton, who was the Fullerton High principal, established the new Fullerton Junior College to provide such postgraduate study.


title: Fullerton College

text: Twenty-six freshman students enrolled in the first year, and the school had a curriculum of 10 courses. "In 1922 the college was reorganized as an independent junior college district. After holding classes on the Fullerton Union High School campus for its first 23 years, the college began moving to its own fourteen-acre campus next door in 1936."


title: Fullerton College

text: In 2002, North Orange County voters passed a $239 million facilities bond measure, of which nearly $135 million was allotted to Fullerton College. It was used for renovation of current campus facilities and also to construct new facilities. On June 13, 2005, the new library inside of the LLRC was opened, and a formal dedication occurred on October 28, 2005. A bond measure that passed in 2014 will award the North Orange County Community College District (NOCCCD) $574 million to fund construction and renovation projects for the next 25 years.


title: Fullerton College

text: The college is located in the city of Fullerton, California, in northern Orange County. The campus is within walking distance of the downtown section.


title: Fullerton College

text: The Fullerton College library first opened in 1913, in a small section of the Fullerton High School Library. It moved into the high school gymnasium in 1929 and to a small space in the new science building in 1938. A specialized facility was constructed in 1957 and named the William T. Boyce Library in 1962 in honor of William T. Boyce, who served as dean and president from 1918 to 1951. A new library was constructed and opened on June 13, 2005, and formally dedicated on October 28, 2005.


title: Fullerton College

text: The Fullerton College Art Department hosts a yearly artist-in-residence (AIR) program which was started in 1972 with a visit from painter Wayne Thiebaud. August 2013 marked the 100th fall semester of the AIR program. It was celebrated with the first exhibit of the entire AIR art collection at the Fullerton College Art Gallery.


title: Fullerton College

text: The students of Fullerton College have established a student body association named Associated Students of Fullerton College. The association is required by law to "encourage students to participate in the governance of the college".


title: Fullerton College

text: Associated Students of Fullerton College is a voting member of a statewide community college student organization named Student Senate for California Community Colleges. The statewide Student Senate is authorized by law "to advocate before the Legislature and other state and local governmental entities".


title: Twisted Metal (TV series)

text: Twisted Metal is an upcoming American action comedy television series based on the video game franchise of the same name published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is set to premiere on Peacock.


title: Twisted Metal (TV series)

text: A driver takes a job to deliver a package across a post-apocalyptic wasteland, being chased by marauders.


title: Twisted Metal (TV series)

text: It was announced in February 2021 that a television series adaptation of the video game franchise was in development, with Will Arnett, Rhett Reese, Michael Jonathan Smith and Paul Wernick executive producing. Smith will write based on a new take on the series pitched by Reese and Wernick. In September, Anthony Mackie was cast as John Doe, and was also set to executive produce.


title: Twisted Metal (TV series)

text: In February 2022, the series was greenlit by Peacock. In April, Kitao Sakurai joined the series as an executive producer in addition to directing multiple episodes. In May, Stephanie Beatriz and Thomas Haden Church joined the cast in starring roles while Neve Campbell was cast in a recurring role. In June, Arnett joined the cast, voicing the character Sweet Tooth. Samoa Joe was cast to portray Sweet Tooth physically, with Richard Cabral cast in a main role and Tahj Vaughans, Mike Mitchell and Lou Beatty Jr. in recurring roles. Michael Carollo and Chloe Fineman were revealed as part of the cast upon the completion of production in August.


title: Twisted Metal (TV series)

text: Filming began on May 23, 2022, in New Orleans, and was expected to wrap on September 2, but instead wrapped early on August 27.


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: The Sikkim Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Sikkim state in north-eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Gangtok, the capital of the Sikkim state.


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: Sikkim became the 22nd state of India by the 36th Amendment of the Indian Constitution in 1975. The Act provides that the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim shall consist of not less than thirty two members and that "the Assembly of Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April 1974 with 32 members elected in the said elections (hereinafter referred to as the sitting members) shall be deemed to be the legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim duly constituted under the Constitution."


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: Sikkim is situated in the North East of India and has a geographical area of and a population of 6.1 lakhs. It was a tiny Himalayan kingdom, ruled by a hereditary monarchy for about 3 centuries from the 17 century CE to 1975. In 1950, the kingdom became a protectorate of the Government of India, and was vested with autonomy in its internal affairs while its defense, communications and external relations became the responsibility of India. The kingdom finally opted to become full-fledged state of the Indian Union with effect from 26 April 1975.


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: Kazi Lhendup Dorjee was the first Chief Minister of Sikkim state from 1975 to 1979. Nar Bahadur Bhandari and Pawan Kumar Chamling served long terms as Chief Minister. As of the 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Prem Singh Tamang is the Chief Minister.


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: There are 32 members in the legislative assembly. There are 12 seats reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST). These scheduled tribes include ethnic tribes such as Bhutia, Lepcha (Sherpa), Limbu, Tamang and other Sikkimese Nepali Communities, as specified during the merger of the Kingdom of Sikkim (monarchy) into India. 2 seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC). One seat (Sangha) is reserved for the Buddhist monastic community of Sikkim.


title: Sikkim Legislative Assembly

text: The tenth assembly was elected in 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election. The current members are listed below:


title: Gothic (video game)

text: Gothic is a 2001 fantasy-themed action role-playing video game for Microsoft Windows developed by the German company Piranha Bytes.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: "Gothic" was well received by critics. Reviewers credited the game for its story, complex interaction with other in-game characters, and graphics, but criticized it for the difficult control scheme and high system requirements.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: On 13 December 2019, a playable prototype demo of a remake was released by THQ Nordic. The game is developed by THQ Nordic Barcelona. The demo can be downloaded on Steam by users that own a game from Piranha Bytes.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The main character must complete quests and slay wild animals and monsters to earn "skill points", which are used to increase basic attributes, improve skills, and learn trades. They are spent by finding the appropriate teacher. Several skills have only one "level" (Sneaking, Acrobatics), while the fighting skills (one-handed weapons, two-handed weapons, bows and crossbows) have two proficiency levels. If the Hero chooses to be a Mage (or joins the Swamp Camp), he will be able to learn Circles of Magic; of which there are 6. The main attributes are increased in 1 or 5 point increments, starting at 10 and capping off at 100. The cap can be surpassed with the use of potions.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The game places a special focus on the interactivity of the environment. For example, hunting wild animals can earn the player raw meat. This heals damage and can be sold. However, by using a stove or frying pan, the player may also choose to turn this into grilled meat, which heals much more effectively. Similarly, most of the activities other characters can be seen doing (playing musical instruments, stirring soup pots, urinating etc.) can be done by the main character as well (although with the exception of forging weapons these activities have little bearing on the game).


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The player can choose which camp to join, although quests get increasingly linear and the distinctions between different factions wane in the latter parts of the game. The major difference is that Swamp Camp members cannot become mages, because they are limited to four magic circles (out of six). However, they gain access to magic earlier.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The game takes place in a medieval fantasy realm in which humans are fighting a losing war against the Orcs, a humanoid race. In order to fight back, the king needs to extract magical ore from mines, which can be used to forge more powerful weapons. Therefore he decides to send every man who has committed a crime to the ore mines.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: To prevent the convicts from escaping he orders his 12 most powerful magicians to erect a magical dome over the mining colony. However, the Barrier goes out of control and grows large enough to cover the entire valley, trapping the magicians inside, and giving the convicts a chance to kill the distracted guards and take control over the colony. The king is thus forced to come to an agreement with the prisoners, trading goods for ore.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: Soon after, the convicts separate into three different groups: the Old Camp which controls trading with the king, the New Camp which refuses to trade the ore they mine, and instead plan to use its magical power to explode the Barrier, and the Brotherhood, whose members believe in a god called the Sleeper which will help them escape from the colony. The magicians that created the Barrier also divided; they formed the Fire Mages, who joined the Old Camp, and the Water Mages, who joined the New Camp.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The player takes control of an unnamed prisoner who has just been thrown inside the mining colony. The exposition does not specify the crime for which he was convicted prior to the games' events. Before being sent in, the player receives a letter which he is tasked to deliver to the Order of the Magicians of Fire, which is stationed inside of the Old Camp. After getting the chance to talk with the magicians, the protagonist learns that Xardas, the head of the Fire Mages who is supposed to receive the letter, deserted in order to study black magic.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: After joining one of the three camps, the protagonist ends up aiding the Sect Camp prepare the invocation of their god, the Sleeper, which they believe will show them the way to escape the colony. During the ritual the members have a vague vision and Y'Berion, the leader of the Brotherhood who performed the ritual, collapses after getting in contact with the Sleeper. In the vision, the sect members are shown the way to an old Orc cemetery. A guru and a few templars, together with the hero, set off towards the indicated place. Once there, however, the templars die fighting the Orcs they meet, and only the guru and the protagonist survive. After searching the entire underground complex the two fail to find anything. The guru then goes insane and starts accusing the hero that it is because of him that the Sleeper refuses to reveal himself, and attempts to kill the protagonist.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: After defeating the mad guru, the hero returns to the camp of the Brotherhood where he finds Y'Berion still weakened after the ritual. Despite efforts to help him recover, Y'Berion soon dies. Before dying, however, he warns the rest of the camp about the true, evil, nature of the god they thought was leading them on the path to freedom, and places his hopes on the escape plan of the Water Mages from the New Camp to blow up the Barrier using the power of the magical ore.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: Bearing important information about the recent events in the Sect Camp, the player is given permission to see the Water Mages, who ask for help with their escape plan. After the hero acquires all the needed artifacts with the help of four convicts he has befriended, the Water Mages now need the help of the Fire Mages to channel the magical energy. However, the protagonist finds out the Old Camp's gates have been closed after their ore mine collapsed. Fearful that this incident might deprive him of his power, the leader of the Old Camp sent his men to take control of the New Camp's mine and killed the Fire Mages who were protesting against his action; only Milten, the youngest of the magicians, managed to escape.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: Having no other option left, the Water Mages send the hero to ask for Xardas, the magician who deserted the Fire Mages, to help them. However, Xardas refuses to help the Magicians of Water and thinks that their plan will not succeed. He instead tells the protagonist that during his studies he learned that the Sleeper was summoned by the Orcs in order to help them against their enemies and that the demon is in a temple deep underneath the Orc city. With the help of Xardas, the player manages to enter the Sleeper's temple. Upon defeating the demon, the Barrier collapses and sets the prisoners of the colony free.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: Piranha Bytes worked more than four years on the development of "Gothic"s technology. The game engine was created completely in-house with a modified version later used for "Gothic II". These are the only games to use this engine.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: "Gothic" was first released on 15 March 2001 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, published by Egmont Interactive. The European release date by THQ arrived on 30 October 2001, followed by the North American release by Xicat Interactive on 23 November 2001.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: In February 2006, an international re-release was announced to prepare for "Gothic 3" – which received much more attention from international media than the previous games.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: In the course of the re-release, an English demo version was made available at the official website. The demo contains a part of the first chapter of the game.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: In Germany and some other countries, "Gothic" is also available in a collector's edition, bundled with "Gothic II" and "", and "Gothic – Fan Edition", including the official map of the Colony and a variety of extras.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: According to GameStar, "Gothic" failed to make an "international breakthrough" into sales markets beyond Germany, a characteristic it shared with "Anno 1602".


title: Gothic (video game)

text: The game received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. IGN concluded that ""Gothic" is a solid role-playing experience" and Eurogamer said that it is a game that "developers should look to as an example of how a role-playing adventure "should" be done". GameSpot gave the game a slightly less positive review saying that despite "Gothic"s achievements in terms of story and dialog, players might still be disappointed by its shallow character development and poor combat mechanics.


title: Gothic (video game)

text: GameLive PC named "Gothic" the third-best role-playing game of 2001–2002 behind "Dungeon Siege" and "". The editors of Computer Games Magazine nominated "Gothic" as the best role-playing game of 2001, but ultimately gave the award to "" and "Wizardry 8" (tie). It was also a runner-up for RPG Vault's 2001 "RPG of the Year" prize, which it lost again to "Arcanum". However, it won in the publication's "Surprise of the Year" category; the editors called it "a very solid, enjoyable debut effort".


title: Spetses

text: Spetses (, "Pityussa", Arvanitika: Πετσε̱) is an upscale affluent island in Attica, Greece. It is included as one of the Saronic Islands. Until 1948, it was part of the old prefecture of Argolis and Corinthia Prefecture, which is now split into Argolis and Corinthia. In ancient times, it was known as Pityussa; Spetses is a borrowing from Italian "spezie" "spices".


title: Spetses

text: The island is now an independent municipality (pop. 4,027), with no internal boundaries within the municipality. The town of Spetses (pop. 4,001 in 2011) is the only large settlement on the island. The other settlements on the island are Moní Ayíon Pánton (pop. 0), Ligonéri (4), Ágioi Anárgyroi (18), Kouzoúnos (4). Also part of the Municipality of Spetses are the islands of Spetsopoula, Falkonera, and Velopoula (all uninhabited). The municipality has an area of 27.121 km.


title: Spetses

text: An unusual aspect of Spetses is that no private automobiles are allowed within the town limits. The most common modes of transport are walking, horse-drawn carriages, bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles. Only taxis and delivery vehicles are allowed in the downtown area. Ferries and high-speed hydrofoils arrive regularly from the Athenian port of Piraeus.


title: Spetses

text: Trails encircle the island and total about 25 to 30 km. Beaches closest to the town of Spetses include Ayios Mamas in the center of town; and Kaíki (previously College) beach to the northwest and Ayia Marina to the south, both of which offer water-sports. Public buses serve beaches further outside town, including Zogeria, Ayioi Anaryiroi, and Ayia Paraskevi.


title: Spetses

text: The island of Spetses, located in the Mediterranean Sea, was first occupied during the Mesolithic Age, in around 8000 BC. During that period the island was connected by an isthmus to the mainland of Argolida, at the point now named Kosta. Pieces of flint from that time were found near the part of the island named Zogeria, containing a water source probably available since the same period. Other archaeological finds were located in the area of Saint Marina, the site of the first Hellenistic settlement to be found on the island, dating to the 3rd millennium BC. At least three natural harbours of Spetses (Saint Marina, Saint Paraskevi and Zogeria) served as a refuge for ships carrying goods to and from the Argolis Gulf during the peak of the State of Lerna (about 2300 BC).


title: Spetses

text: After the collapse of the State of Lerna, Spetses suffered a period of decline. Artefacts in the areas of Saint Marina and Saint Anargyroi are characteristic of the existing settlements belonging the late Mycenaean period; the 12th to 13th century BC. At the time of the Peloponnesian War, stone observatories were built at the sites of Prophet Elias and Zogeria.


title: Spetses

text: Mention of the island of Spetses was made both by Strabo in the 1st century BC and Pausanias in the 2nd century AD, referring to the island as Pitiousa. The raid by the Goths in the Eastern Roman empire caused a wave of refugees to flee to Spetses, resulting in the re-settlement of the island. They were concentrated in the Old Port, which became one of the three largest cities of Argolis (including Argos and Hermione).


title: Spetses

text: In the 15th century, the Venetians, who had ruled the island since 1220, named it "Spezia" ("Spice") for its position on a major traderoute that dealt in spices. Over time the name was Hellenised to "Spetsai" (Spetse/Spetses).


title: Spetses

text: During the 18th century, after the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Ottomans and the Venetian expulsion, many Arvanites took refuge in Spetses in order to escape Ottoman persecution. These refugees created the old village of Spetses, in the area of Kastelli ; it is fortified by a wall that reinforces the natural protection provided by the terrain. Over the years the island developed a significant naval power. The Greek Coalition, in cooperation with the Russians in the Russian-Turkish war in 1768–1774, turned the powerful merchant fleet of Spetses to a significant power against the Ottoman Empire during the so-called Orlov Revolt, also known as the "Orlofika". In response to these events, in 1770 the Turks destroyed the only village on the island.


title: Spetses

text: For some years after the destruction of the village, the island was deserted. It was re-occupied in 1774 by new settlers from the opposite coast of the Peloponnese after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. This allowed the Russians free movement of ships in the Mediterranean. A powerful commercial fleet was recreated by using the Russian flag to establish trade routes with neighbouring countries. Merchant seafaring was the only source of livelihood for men of many of the rocky, non-arable Greek islands, and the brisk Mediterranean and Black Sea trade of the 18th and 19th centuries allowed them to prosper. They did especially and spectacularly so during the trade embargoes that were imposed during the Napoleonic Wars; Greek merchantmen and crews were willing and able to work with, or against, both belligerent sides at tremendous profit.


title: Spetses

text: After the re-occupation of Spetses, the settlement began to expand beyond the Kastelli region. This growth stimulated a corresponding increase in the maritime economic activities of the island.


title: Spetses

text: From 1821, the island played an important role in the Greek War of Independence, and it was the home of celebrated war heroine Laskarina Bouboulina. Her life sized statue can be seen in the main dock. Spetses was the first of the Greek islands to raise the flag of Revolution on the morning of 3 April (O.S.) 1821. Its fleet, consisting of merchant ships, played a key role in the struggle, both by participating in raids against the Turkish coast and the siege of fortresses in the Peloponnese. Particularly important is the involvement of the Spetsiote fleet in sieges of the fortresses of Nafplion and Monemvasia and naval battles of Samos (1824) and Kafireas (1825). Along with their counterparts in nearby Hydra, Spetsiote captains were so wealthy they had been hoarding their gold in wells, a wealth that they tapped to fund the war of liberation.


title: Spetses

text: Several ships have been named after the island, including modern Hydra class frigate "F 453 Spetsai", the World War 2-era Greek destroyer Spetsai (D83), and the historic Greek battleship "Spetsai".


title: Spetses

text: The Poseidonion Hotel was built by Sotirios Anargyros, descendant of a great 18th-century Spetsiot shipping family. His branch of the family had fallen on hard times, and he emigrated to the United States as a young man in 1868, when Spetses was declining as a maritime center. In 1899 he returned from the US, now a wealthy tobacco tycoon and started to transform the island of his youth. He built an impressive mansion and met with rich Athenians who visited Spetses from August to October, in order to hunt the turtledoves and quail migrating between Africa and Europe. Anagyros had pine seedlings planted in the hills. In the early 21st century, the island is one of the most wooded in the southern Aegean.


title: Spetses

text: He saw the need for a comfortable hotel and built the Poseidonion in the style of its French Mediterranean models, the Carlton in Cannes (1911) and the Negresco in Nice (1912). The hunters could bring along their wives and children to enjoy the comfort of the hotel, the spa, donkey rides, dancing to the orchestra in the evening, and mixed bathing on the beaches across the channel. The Poseidonion rapidly became the favorite vacation spot for high society, royalty, and the rich Athenians who came to enjoy a small slice of the grand life.


title: Spetses

text: In the 1960s and 1970s, the island attracted a number of wealthy Greek vacationers from Athens and elsewhere, who owned second villas or lived on their large yachts in the port. Some had children who became students of the Anargirios School. Although some hotels had been constructed, tourists often stayed in purpose-built holiday homes. From the 1980s, the Greek vacationers were often supplanted by north European tourists, especially from Britain, who were attracted by the low cost of a holiday.


title: Spetses

text: Package tours to Spetses declined and eventually ceased during the 1990s. In the early 21st century, the island's holiday clientele is of a higher economic class and largely Greek.


title: Spetses

text: The main Athenian tourist season lasts for only two months of the year, although most hotels and restaurants are open from Easter until October. Efforts are being made by officials to extend the season, by adding major events to attract visitors:


title: Spetses

text: In September 2013, Dr Marina Lyda Coutarelli, President of the Organizing Committee and CEO of Communication Lab, was named "Honorary Citizen" of Spetses island. She was honored for her work and effort, with regard to the island's development.


title: Spetses

text: In the early 21st century, there was a distinct shift away from package tourism on Spetses and the island once again became fashionable among wealthier Greeks. Nowadays, the majority of visitors are Greek or independent travellers from around the world. Whilst it is still possible to find traditional lower cost rooms to rent and tavernas to eat in on the island there are now many higher priced restaurants and 'boutique' hotels around the town.


title: Spetses

text: On 8 September (O.S.) 1822 the Ottoman fleet, coming from Monemvasia, endeavoured to supply the town of Nafplion, which was at the time besieged by Greek forces since the spring of 1821. Sailing between Trikeri and Spetsopoula, the Turkish force confronted the combined fleets of the three nautical islands, Spetses, Hydra and Psara. The admiral of the Greek fleet, Andreas Miaoulis, gave orders to withdraw to the Gulf of Argolis, in order to outmanoeuvre the more numerous and powerful Ottoman fleet.


title: Spetses

text: According to general descriptions, the battle consisted in distant and ineffectual cannonade between the two fleets. An Algerian brig was damaged by fire, having boarded by mistake a Greek fireship.


title: Spetses

text: According to Spetsiot local historian Anastasios Orlandos, however, the retreat of the Ottoman fleet was the result of an attack by the fireship of Kosmas Barbatsis (1792–1887) against the Ottoman flagship. The latter fled to avoid it, followed by the other Ottoman ships. The besieged castles of Nafplion could not be relieved, and fell to the Greeks two and a half months later.


title: Spetses

text: Each year, the second weekend of September is dedicated to celebratory events aimed at commemorating the events of the battle of 8 September 1822, in combination with the feast of the chapel of "Panagiá Armáta" (the Madonna-in-arms), near the lighthouse. The events culminate with a fictionalized re-enactment of the battle, including the torching of the Turkish flagship in the harbour, an incident not mentioned in historical depictions of the battle.


title: Spetses

text: Spetses is one of nine European cities that participates in the European Network of Historical Reconstructions (Brussels, Belgium; Dublin and Cork, Ireland; Bailen, Spain; Slavkov, Czech Republic; Tewkesbury, UK; and Hydra and Spetses in Greece).


title: Spetses

text: Spetses was the basis for the island of Phraxos in John Fowles' 1965 novel "The Magus". Many locations described in the book actually existed, including the "Lord Byron School" (the private Anargyrios & Korgialenios School of Spetses) and the "Villa Bourani" (located on the south side of the island above a popular public beach). Both the school and villa still exist, although the house is under private ownership. Fowles himself taught English at the school between the years 1951 and 1953.


title: Spetses

text: Spetses is also the basis for Catherine Lind’s 2014 novel Unexpected Journeys. Both the apartment hotel and the tavern described exist on Spetses, though under different names. All the other locations described in the book are also actual, many under their real names. The tavern sits at the corner of the old harbour, while the hotel resides just above the small pebbled beach at the end of the new harbour. In the book, one of the main characters tells the island's history through the memories of his grandparents, and the novel's historical descriptions are fairly accurate, amongst other things recounting the story of Laskarina Bouboulina.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: Jacques Audiard (; born 30 April 1952) is a French film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is the son of Michel Audiard, also a film director and screenwriter.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: He has won both the César Award for Best Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language twice, in 2005 for "The Beat That My Heart Skipped" and in 2010 for "A Prophet", as well as winning the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: His 2012 film "Rust and Bone", competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and won the BFI London Film Festival Award for Best Film.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: Audiard was born in Paris. He began his screenwriting career in the 1980s with films including "Réveillon chez Bob!", "Mortelle randonnée", "Baxter", "Fréquence Meurtre", and "Saxo".


title: Jacques Audiard

text: In 1994, he directed "See How They Fall (French: Regarde les hommes tomber)", a road movie starring Mathieu Kassovitz and Jean-Louis Trintignant. The film won the César Award for best first film and the Prix Georges-Sadoul. Two years later he reunited with Kassovitz and Trintignant for "Un Héros Très Discret" – A Self-Made Hero in English, adapted from the novel by Jean-François Deniau.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: In 1996, "A Self-Made Hero" won the Best Screenplay Award at Cannes and received six César Awards nominations. In 2002, "Read My Lips" was nominated for nine Césars and won three, for Best Actress (Emmanuelle Devos), Best Screenplay and Best Sound.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: His fourth movie, "De Battre Mon Cœur s'est Arrêté", received 10 nominations at the Césars and won eight, among them the Césars for Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Film Music and Best Cinematography.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: In 2009, "A Prophet" won the Grand Prix at Cannes and the BAFTA award for Best Film Not in the English Language, and was nominated for 13 César Awards, winning nine: Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Most Promising Actor for Tahar Rahim, Best Supporting Actor for Niels Arestrup, Best Original Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Editing and Best Production Design.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: In 2013, "Rust and Bone" received two BAFTA nominations, two Golden Globe nominations and nine César nominations (including Best Actress for Marion Cotillard), winning four: Best Adapted Screenplay, Most Promising Actor for Matthias Schoenaerts, Best Original Music for Alexandre Desplat and Best Editing for Juliette Welfling.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: In 2015, his seventh movie, "Dheepan" won the Palme d'Or at Cannes and received nine César nominations.


title: Jacques Audiard

text: He has released some music videos, among them "Comme Elle Vient" by Noir Désir in which all the actors were deaf-mute and interpreted the lyrics of the song in sign language. The beginning of the feature (a sequence with subtitles) created a minor scandal; it displayed three women discussing politics who come to the conclusion that "it is better to be deaf than to listen to that".


title: Jacques Audiard

text: On 2 September 2018, his first American film "The Sisters Brothers" had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival.


title: Area code 612

text: Area code 612 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The numbering plan area comprises the city of Minneapolis and a few surrounding municipalities such as Fort Snelling, St. Anthony, and Richfield. Geographically, it is the smallest area code in the state of Minnesota. The area code is one of the two original area codes in the 1947 nationwide numbering plan for the state, when it was assigned to a much larger area, including the entire Twin Cities region and a wide area surrounding it.