title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: "LittleBigPlanet 3" begins in a white void, as the Narrator (Stephen Fry) teaches controls on how to use the player character Sackboy. Midway through the opening, Newton (Hugh Laurie) interrupts the Narrator, and uses one of his devices to create a wormhole. This wormhole sends Sackboy to another world called Bunkum, where he is greeted by Newton. Newton begins to tell a story on how Nana Pud is going to unleash three Titans that were sealed away long ago in a tea tin by Bunkum's heroes. The duo fly off in Newton's airship, landing on the doorstep of Nana Pud's home, Stitchem Manor. Newton stays behind, to "boil some eggs" as Sackboy infiltrates Stitchem Manor. Sackboy reaches the roof, defeating all of Nana Pud's security measures. Newton appears, revealing that it was his plan to unleash the titans to make Bunkum more creative, and that Nana Pud was his mother, who warned him not to open the jar. Newton proceeds to open the lid, unwittingly getting possessed by the three Titans. As a result, Newton becomes corrupted by the Titans and flings Sackboy off the roof.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Nana Pud and Sackboy strike an alliance after Nana finds out Newton tricked Sackboy, to which Nana suggests that they reawaken the three heroes of Bunkum. First, they reach Manglewood, where the first hero is held. The Creator Curator, Marlon Random, helps Sackboy find the three marbles needed to reawaken the hero. Once the hero, Oddsock, is found, Newton unleashes the first Titan to try and defeat Sackboy and company. The pair defeat the Titan, moving onto the next world. They reach The Ziggurat, home to the creator curator Papal Mache. Once again, they reacquire the marbles, reawakening Toggle, a hero that can change size at will. Newton once again tries to slow down the heroes by unleashing the second Titan, which also gets defeated. Finally, the trio reach the Bunkum Lagoon, hosted by the vain Pinky Bufflooms. After reawakening Swoop, the final hero, Newton appears to be trapped and cornered by the four heroes. At the last moment, he traps Sackboy, forcing the heroes to save him.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Newton is stopped from getting away with Sackboy, becoming furious and releases the third Titan inside his own fortress. This act relinquishes control back to his normal self, dropping his malevolent and rude behavior. A recovered Newton and the four of the heroes confront the final Titan. They blow up the third titan whilst destroying Newton's fortress. Nearly falling to their death, Newton, Sackboy, Toggle, Swoop, and Oddsock are saved by Newton's father, Captain Pud. The four heroes are flown back to Stitchem Manor, where Newton builds a new portal to send them back to Craftworld.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: "LittleBigPlanet 3" is fully voice-acted, including cutscenes and gameplay, whereas previous games only featured voice acting during cutscenes. As in previous "LittleBigPlanet" games, Stephen Fry narrates. Other actors for the game include Hugh Laurie as Newton, the main antagonist of the game, Lewis MacLeod as Oleg and Captain Pud, Newton's father, Tara Strong as Coach Rock and Vera Oblonsky, Robbie Stevens as Larry Da Vinci, Peter Serafinowicz as Dr. Maxim, El Jeff, and Papal Mache, Lorelei King as Elena and Felica, John Guerrasio as Guard 1 and Guard 2, Martin T. Sherman as Gustavo, Glenn Wrage as Head Guard, Clare Corbett as Hildur, Lucy Newman-Williams as Irene, Nolan North as Marlon Random, Susan Brown as Nana Pud (Newton's mother), Alix Wilton Regan as Pinky Buflooms, Judith Sweeney as Victoria von Bathysphere, and Simon Greenall as Zom-Zom The Far-Out.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: "LittleBigPlanet 3" began development in 2011, shortly after the release of "LittleBigPlanet 2". Most of the development was handled by Sumo Digital; however, series creator Media Molecule provided assistance, particularly during the project's early stages. Media Molecule chose not to develop "LittleBigPlanet 3" because the company was busy with other projects, namely "Tearaway" and "Dreams". Media Molecule also wanted to "step away" from the "LittleBigPlanet" series, but they said they will always be involved in the franchise. Additional developers included XDev Europe, Tarsier Studios, Supermassive Games, The Station, and Testology.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Damian Hosen, the game's design director, said of working with Media Molecule: "That was really valuable for us. [...] It was really cool to get a sense of what they were thinking, how the game came out like it did, what was their vision for it, what limitations did they put on themselves." Media Molecule stressed to Sumo Digital that the game's story must set a good example to what players can accomplish themselves in Create mode. Hosen said this concept helped "everything make sense [...] it all just clipped into place. [...] Those personal insights we got from them early on were invaluable in shaping how we made the rest of the game."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: During the game's development process, around 20 prolific members of the "LittleBigPlanet" community were selected to work alongside Sony XDev to provide feedback and offer suggestions on the game's mechanics. Additionally, the game's introduction sequence – which is a combination of live action footage and visual effects – was produced by the UK studio Carbon Digital. Carbon digital "worked closely" with Sumo Digital during the production of the video.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Early in the game's development, all of the playable characters were initially designed as silhouettes. The developers created "loads" of silhouettes and chose the best ones, which were then fully designed, and eventually became Oddsock, Swoop, and Toggle. (Sackboy, previously the only playable character, underwent minimal changes.) Oddsock and Swoop's designs were thought of early on and required no major redesigns. However, Toggle was initially just the 'big' character, and could not change into a smaller version of himself. Toggle was then revamped and the 'toggle' idea was implemented; without it, there weren't "enough combinations" or gameplay variety for the player. Pete Smith of SCE Worldwide Studios said the characters "needed to be game changers, they need to be fully customizable, they needed to feel like they belonged in the world, and they needed to have personality. I think the final three characters have really struck that balance." One character that was scrapped early on was 'Sackworm'; Smith said: "The Sackworm didn't last too long before he found himself on the cutting room floor."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: "LittleBigPlanet 3" was officially announced at the 2014 Electronic Entertainment Expo during Sony Computer Entertainment's press conference.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: "LittleBigPlanet 3" received positive reviews from critics. It received an aggregated score of 80.78% on GameRankings based on 50 reviews and 79/100 on Metacritic based on 76 reviews.


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Justin Clark from Joystiq gave the game a 4.5/5, praising the level design, change of pacing and scale in adventure mode, new characters and items, as well as the Hook Hat, a new feature in "LittleBigPlanet 3". He also praised the user-friendly and satisfying creation mode and accessible tutorial. He stated that ""LittleBigPlanet 3" is a foundation, upon which eager minds can start building even more inspiring content, and that process has been made more accessible than ever before."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Louise Blain from GamesRadar gave the game an 8/10, praising the inclusion of a tutorial, distant characters and intuitive menu. However, she criticized the adventure mode for being too short and having frustrating checkpoints, as well as slightly disappointing pre-built content. She summarized the review by saying: "Beautiful, creative and filled with knitted joy, "LittleBigPlanet 3" does however disappoint in its Adventure mode's comparatively sparse content. Nonetheless, it hands over an impressive array of exceptional design tools for budding creators."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Kevin Dunsmore from Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 3.5/5, saying ""LittleBigPlanet 3" is an endearing and charming game that will work its way into your heart thanks to its presentation and new characters. The end-game possibilities are endless thanks to the co-op, level creator and millions of community driven stages imported from past titles, but it's held back due to Sumo Digital's unwillingness to fully flesh out their ideas."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Alexa Ray Corriea from GameSpot gave the game a 7/10. She praised the soundtrack, new characters introduced, drastic and refreshing gameplay changes when controlling different characters, freedom of movement and navigation, challenging but rewarding levels, as well as Popit Puzzles, a tutorial introduced in the creative mode. However, she criticized the limited use of other characters in both Adventure Mode and co-op multiplayer, as well as multiple game-breaking bugs. She stated that "The push for creativity is limited in the way you play the campaign, but it's an overwhelming presence within creation mode, offering boundless ways to leave your own mark on Craftworld."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Polygon's Philip Kollar scored the game a 7 out of 10 and wrote: "Despite switching to a new developer, it has the big ideas and wide-eyed, arms-open demeanor of the series at its best. Yet it never totally commits, never goes all the way with its new concepts and characters. "LittleBigPlanet 3"s devoted fans will surely craft some excellent levels in the months to come, but mostly this feels like a proof of concept for a much better "LittleBigPlanet 4"."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Writing for Destructoid, Chris Carter scored the game a 7.5 out of 10. He said: "With all of the innovations "LittleBigPlanet 3" brings with Toggle, Oddsock, and Swoop, it's a shame they aren't allowed to show off their stuff on a regular basis, because they are the best thing to happen to the series in years. It would be nice to see them return in a big way in a potential sequel, but for now hardcore "LBP" fans should have enough creation options to last them until that point."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Chris Schilling from Eurogamer scored the game a 7/10. He praised the game's new additions and improvements, as well as the create mode tutorials, but heavily criticized the presence of technical issues, saying he thought they dragged down the game. Schilling summed up the review by stating: "Held together by Sellotape rather than superglue, "LittleBigPlanet 3" is in constant danger of falling apart."


title: LittleBigPlanet 3

text: Lucy O'Brien of IGN gave the game a mixed review. She scored it a 6.8/10, praising the design and visuals, but criticizing the "game-breaking" technical problems. O'Brien said: ""LittleBigPlanet 3" is an enormous – and, at times, unruly – game. [Its] Adventure mode is beautifully designed, and new power-ups and character abilities switch up the usual bread-and-butter platforming gameplay, but it's let down by limited options for co-operative play and most significantly, a number of game-breaking bugs on the PlayStation 4. While a little daunting for newcomers, its supersized creation tookit has enormous potential for creating deep and diverse play, and it's here where "LittleBigPlanet 3" justifies its existence."


title: High-IQ society

text: A high-IQ society is an organization that limits its membership to people who have attained a specified score on an IQ test, usually in the top two percent of the population (98th percentile) or above. These may also be referred to as genius societies. The largest and oldest such society is Mensa International, which was founded by Roland Berrill and Lancelot Ware in 1946.


title: High-IQ society

text: High-IQ societies typically accept a variety of IQ tests for membership eligibility; these include WAIS, Stanford-Binet, and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, amongst many others deemed to sufficiently measure or correlate with intelligence. Tests deemed to insufficiently correlate with intelligence (e.g. post-1994 SAT, in the case of Mensa and Intertel) are not accepted for admission. As IQ significantly above 146 SD15 (approximately three-sigma) cannot be reliably measured with accuracy due to sub-test limitations and insufficient norming, IQ societies with cutoffs significantly higher than four-sigma should be considered dubious.


title: High-IQ society

text: Some societies accept the results of standardized tests taken elsewhere. Those are listed below by selectivity percentile (assuming the now-standard definition of IQ as a standard score with a median of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 IQ points). Since the 1960s, Mensa has experienced increasing competition in attracting high-IQ individuals, as various new groups have emerged with even stricter and more exclusive admissions requirements. Notable high-IQ societies include:


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Eugene Onegin (), Op. 24, is an opera ("lyrical scenes") in 3 acts (7 scenes), composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The libretto, organised by the composer himself, very closely follows certain passages in Alexander Pushkin's 1825-1832 novel in verse, retaining much of his poetry. Tchaikovsky's friend Konstantin Shilovsky contributed M. Triquet's verses in Act 2, Scene 1, while Tchaikovsky himself arranged the text for Lensky's arioso in Act 1, Scene 1, and almost all of Prince Gremin's aria in Act 3, Scene 1.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: "Eugene Onegin" is a well-known example of lyric opera, to which Tchaikovsky added music of a dramatic nature. The story concerns a selfish hero who lives to regret his blasé rejection of a young woman's love and his careless incitement of a fatal duel with his best friend.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: The opera was first performed in Moscow in 1879. There are several recordings of it, and it is regularly performed. The work's title refers to the protagonist.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: In May 1877, the opera singer Yelizaveta Lavrovskaya spoke to Tchaikovsky about creating an opera based on the plot of Alexander Pushkin's 1825-1832 verse novel "Eugene Onegin." At first this idea seemed wild to the composer, according to his memoirs. Tchaikovsky felt that the novel wasn't properly strong in plot – a dandy rejects a young country girl, she successfully grows into a worldly woman, he tries to seduce her but it is too late. The strength of the novel resided in its character development and social commentary, as well as in the beauty of its literary delivery. Soon after a sleepless night, Tchaikovsky came to embrace the idea. He created the scenarios in one night before starting the composition of the music.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Tchaikovsky, with some minor involvement by Konstantin Shilovsky, used original verses from Pushkin's novel and chose scenes that involved the emotional world and fortunes of his heroes, calling the opera "lyrical scenes." The opera is episodic; there is no continuous story, just selected highlights of Onegin's life. The composer finished the opera by January 1878.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Tchaikovsky worried whether the public would accept his opera, which lacked traditional scene changes. He believed that its performance required maximum simplicity and sincerity. With this in mind, he entrusted the first production to the students of the Moscow Conservatory. The premiere took place on 29 March (17 March O.S.) 1879 at the Maly Theatre, Moscow, conducted by Nikolai Rubinstein, with set designs by Karl Valts (Waltz).


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Two years later the first performance at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow took place on 23 January (11 January O.S.) 1881 with conductor Eduard Nápravník.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Outside Russia the initial reception was lukewarm, and it was slow to reach European cities, being seen as a Russian curiosity. The first performance outside Russia took place on 6 December 1888 in Prague, conducted by Tchaikovsky himself, although the rehearsals had been the responsibility of Adolf Čech. It was sung in Czech and translated by Marie Červinková-Riegrová.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: The first performance in Hamburg, on 19 January 1892, was conducted by Gustav Mahler, in the composer's presence. Tchaikovsky was applauded after each scene and received curtain calls at the end. He attributed its success to Mahler, whom he described as "not some average sort, but simply a "genius" burning with a desire to conduct".


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: The first performance in England took place on 17 October 1892 at the Olympic Theatre in London with Henry J. Wood conducting and Eugène Oudin in the title role. This performance was sung in English, to a text translated by Henry Sutherland Edwards.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: The United States premiere was given on 24 March 1920 at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. The opera was sung in Italian. The first Russian performance by the Metropolitan Opera was on 15 October 1977.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Madame Larina and the nurse Filippyevna are sitting outside in the garden. They can hear Madame Larina's two daughters, Tatyana and her younger sister Olga, singing a love song. Madame Larina begins to reminisce about her own courtship and marriage. A group of peasants enter, and celebrate the harvest with songs and dances. Tatyana and Olga watch. Tatyana has been reading a romantic novel and is absorbed by the story; her carefree sister, on the other hand, wants to join in the celebrations. Madame Larina tells Tatyana that real life is very different from her novels. Filippyevna announces that visitors have arrived: Olga's fiancé Lensky, a young poet, and his friend Eugene Onegin, visiting the area from St Petersburg. The pair are shown in and Lensky introduces Onegin to the Larin family. Onegin is initially surprised that Lensky has chosen the extrovert Olga rather than her more subtle elder sister as his fiancée. Tatyana for her part is immediately and strongly attracted to Onegin. Lensky expresses his delight at seeing Olga and she responds flirtatiously. Onegin tells Tatyana of his boredom in the country and describes the death of his uncle and his subsequent inheritance of a nearby estate. Filippyevna recognizes that Onegin has had a profound effect on Tatyana.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Tatyana is dressed for bed. Restless and unable to sleep, she asks her nurse Filippyevna to tell her about her youth and early marriage. Tatyana confesses that she is in love. Left alone, Tatyana pours out her feelings in a letter to Onegin. She tells him that she loves him and believes that she will never feel this way about anyone else, and begs him to understand and help her. She finishes writing the letter at dawn. A shepherd's pipe is heard in the distance. Filippyevna enters the room to wake Tatyana. Tatyana persuades her to send her grandson to deliver the letter to Onegin.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Servant girls pick fruit and sing as they work. Tatyana waits anxiously for Onegin's arrival. Onegin enters to see Tatyana and give her his answer to her letter. He explains, not unkindly, that he is not a man who loves easily and is unsuited to marriage. He is unworthy of her love and can only offer her brotherly affection. He warns Tatyana to be less emotionally open in the future. The voices of the servant girls singing are heard again. Tatyana is crushed and unable to reply.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: A ball is being given in honour of Tatyana, whose name day it is. Onegin is dancing with her. He grows irritated with a group of neighbours who gossip about him and Tatyana, and with Lensky for persuading him to come to the ball. He decides to avenge himself by dancing and flirting with Olga. Lensky is astounded and becomes extremely jealous. He confronts Olga but she cannot see that she has done anything wrong and tells Lensky not to be ridiculous. Onegin asks Olga to dance with him again and she agrees, as "punishment" for Lensky's jealousy. The elderly French tutor Monsieur Triquet sings some couplets in honour of Tatyana, after which the quarrel between Lensky and Onegin becomes more intense. Lensky renounces his friendship with Onegin in front of all the guests, and challenges Onegin to a duel, which the latter is forced, with many misgivings, to accept. Tatyana collapses and the ball ends in confusion.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Lensky is waiting for Onegin with his second Zaretsky. Lensky reflects on his life, his fear of death and his love for Olga. Onegin arrives with his manservant Guillot. Both Lensky and Onegin are reluctant to go ahead with the duel, reflecting on the senselessness of their sudden enmity. But it is too late; neither man has the courage to stop the duel. Zaretsky gives them the signal and Onegin shoots Lensky dead.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Five years have passed, during which Onegin has travelled extensively around Europe. Standing alone at a ball, he reflects on the emptiness of his life and his remorse over the death of Lensky. Prince Gremin enters with Tatyana, his wife, now a grand, aristocratic beauty. She is greeted by many of the guests with great deference. Onegin is taken aback when he sees Tatyana, and deeply impressed by her beauty and noble bearing. Tatyana, in turn, is overwhelmed with emotion when she recognizes him, but tries to suppress it. Gremin tells Onegin about his great happiness and love for Tatyana, and re-introduces Onegin to his wife. Onegin, suddenly injected with new life, realizes that he is in love with Tatyana. He determines to write to her and arrange a meeting.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Tatyana has received Onegin's letter, which has stirred up the passion she felt for him as a young girl and disturbed her. Onegin enters. Tatyana recalls her earlier feelings and asks why Onegin is pursuing her now. Is it because of her social position? Onegin denies any cynical motivation: his passion is real and overwhelming. Tatyana, moved to tears, reflects how near they once were to happiness but nevertheless asks him to leave. He asks her to have pity. Tatyana admits she still loves Onegin, but asserts that their union can never be realized, as she is now married, and determined to remain faithful to her husband despite her true feelings. Onegin implores her to relent, but she bids him farewell forever, leaving him alone and in despair.


title: Eugene Onegin (opera)

text: Prince Gremin's aria «Любви все возрасты покорны» – "To love both young and old surrender" (Act III, Scene I) is partially hummed by the characters of Vershinin and Masha in Anton Chekhov's play "Three Sisters".


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Blue Rodeo is a Canadian country rock band formed in 1984 in Toronto, Ontario. They have released 16 full-length studio albums, four live recordings, one greatest hits album, and two video/DVDs, along with multiple solo albums, side projects, and collaborations.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: High school friends Jim Cuddy and Greg Keelor began playing music professionally together after completing university. They put together several bands without commercial success in the late 1970s, releasing a single as Hi-Fi's in 1980.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Cuddy and Keelor moved to New York City in the early 1980s to further their music careers. There they met keyboardist and fellow Canadian Bob Wiseman, who was at that time working as a producer. Upon returning to Toronto in the summer of 1984, the trio decided to form a band. The name "Blue Rodeo" had already been chosen for the new group when they met former David Wilcox drummer Cleave Anderson and asked him to join. Anderson in turn recommended his former bandmate in The Sharks, bassist Bazil Donovan, and the new band's lineup was essentially set. On February 7, 1985, Blue Rodeo played their first show together at The Rivoli in Toronto; one week later, they performed at Handsome Ned's "Honky Tonk Heart".


title: Blue Rodeo

text: The band quickly earned a following in Toronto and was subsequently signed to Canadian independent record label Risque Disque. They entered the studio in 1986 with Rush producer Terry Brown and recorded several songs that would comprise Blue Rodeo's debut album, "Outskirts". Released in March, 1987, "Outskirts" met with moderate success in Canada, until "Try" was released as a single in October of that year. The single was an immediate hit, going to number one on the "RPM Country Tracks" chart and number six on the "RPM Top Singles" chart, establishing Blue Rodeo as one of Canada's top new bands and carrying "Outskirts" to 4× Platinum status in sales. The music video for the single featured Keelor's then-girlfriend Michelle McAdorey, who soon had success with her own band, Crash Vegas.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: In 1992, the band's song "After the Rain", written by Cuddy and Keelor, was the most-performed song in Canada. By 1999 the band had sold more than two million albums in Canada.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Cuddy, Keelor, Donovan and Cripps have all released solo albums. Glenn Milchem performs his own solo music under the pseudonym "the swallows" and had co-founded, with his twin brother John, the rock duo Starvin Hungry. Keelor has also gone on to produce for other artists, notably alt-country group Cuff the Duke, who have also toured as support for Blue Rodeo.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Blue Rodeo members have collaborated extensively with other notable Canadian artists, including Sarah McLachlan, The Tragically Hip, Burton Cummings, Great Big Sea, Jann Arden, The Sadies, Skydiggers, Cuff the Duke, Crash Vegas, Cowboy Junkies, Sarah Harmer, Jill Barber, and Kathleen Edwards. They have won many Canadian music awards, including twelve Juno Awards and seven SOCAN awards.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On June 16, 2009, it was announced that the band would receive a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto. The induction ceremony was held on September 12, 2009. They are the fifth band to receive the honour.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Blue Rodeo was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame at the 41st Juno Awards on April 1, 2012, joining other Canadian music icons including Rush, Leonard Cohen, Neil Young, The Band, Oscar Peterson, Bruce Cockburn, Daniel Lanois, Joni Mitchell, Anne Murray and Tom Cochrane.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: According to CARAS, on selecting Blue Rodeo as the 2012 inductees, "Spanning nearly three decades, Blue Rodeo has sold in excess of four million records and won an unprecedented 11 JUNO Awards, establishing themselves as one of the premier groups in Canadian music history."


title: Blue Rodeo

text: In May 2014, the band received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award (GGPAA) for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts. At the Gala honouring GGPAA recipients on May 10, the band delivered the evening's surprise finale.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On August 5, 2013, former keyboard player James Gray died as the result of a heart attack. He was 52 years old.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Canadian guitarist Colin Cripps joined Blue Rodeo as a full member in 2013, due to Greg Keelor's inability to play electric guitar live any more, caused by hearing issues.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: In September 2015, Blue Rodeo released the protest song and video "Stealin All My Dreams" which "chronicle the failings of the current government", referring to the government under Prime Minister Stephen Harper.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On August 11, 1988, the band played the Erie County Fair in Hamburg, New York (a suburb of Buffalo). They were the headliners after a high school battle of the bands competition. The disastrous gig was the inspiration for their 1990 hit, "What Am I Doing Here."


title: Blue Rodeo

text: As part of their 20th Anniversary celebrations in 2004, the "original five" line up of Jim Cuddy, Greg Keelor, Bazil Donovan, Bob Wiseman and Cleave Anderson reunited for a live performance of five songs: Heart Like Mine, Try, Diamond Mine, Love and Understanding, and Til I Am Myself Again. The set is included on the DVD "In Stereovision: Blue Rodeo".


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On Canada Day 2008, Blue Rodeo played on Parliament Hill. The band closed the show before the commencement of the fireworks and was joined on stage by several other artists to perform "Lost Together". On November 28, 2009 the band performed at half-time of the 97th Grey Cup. The band also performed live concerts for the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Cuddy and Keelor performed at the annual Folk on the Rocks music festival in Yellowknife, NT from July 16 to 18, 2010.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On October 19, 2010, Blue Rodeo played the music viral show BalconyTV for a rare acoustic performance on a small Balcony overlooking Dame Street, Dublin.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: On July 1, 2011, Blue Rodeo performed at Trafalgar Square as part of the Canada Day in London celebrations.


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Blue Rodeo performed at their induction to the Canadian Music Hall of Fame during the Juno Awards of 2012 at Scotiabank Place in the community of Kanata in Ottawa, Ontario on Sunday April 1, 2012. They took the stage with long-time friend and collaborator Sarah McLachlan and performed their 1992 hit single, "Lost Together". As the performance ended, the audience rose for a spirited standing ovation recognizing Blue Rodeo as "one of Canada's true musical treasures".


title: Blue Rodeo

text: Blue Rodeo hosts an annual concert each summer at Budweiser Stage. 2020 was the first time in years the concert did not take place due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the band performed on Citytv's "Budweiser Stage at Home".


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong (Thai: สิทธิชัย ศิษย์สองพี่น้อง, ; born September 23, 1991) is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer who is currently signed to ONE Championship. Sitthichai is a former Lumpinee Stadium Welterweight Champion and Glory Lightweight Champion. Combat Press ranks him as the #3 lightweight kickboxer in the world. As of October 27, 2022, he is ranked #3 in the ONE Featherweight Kickboxing rankings and As of October 20, 2022, he is ranked #4 in the ONE Featherweight Muay Thai rankings.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong was born as "Anulak Jansuk" in Buriram, Thailand on September 23, 1991. He had his first fight at the age of 11 in 2002.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: His first fight outside of Thailand was in a 4-man tournament at 63.5 kg at the "Nuit des Titans" event in Tours, France on 30 January 2010. He beat Fabio Pinca by decision in the first fight and Anuwat Kaewsamrit by decision in the final to win the 4-Man Tournament.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: His second fight outside of Thailand was at the “La Nuit des Champions” event in Marselle, France on 28 November 2010. He won against Damien Alamos by decision over 5 rounds.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He lost in the final of the “Fuktien Group 8-Man Tournament 8-Man @146 lbs against Iquezang Kor.Rungthanakeat by TKO in the 5th round (broken collarbone) at Omnoi Stadium on 23 July 2011.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: His first fight back after recovery from injury 5 months later was at the “A1 - WCC” event in Lyon, France on December 8, 2011, where he beat Fares Bechar by TKO in the fourth round.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: A rematch between Sitthichai and Fabio Pinca went down at "Best of Siam 3" in Paris, France, on February 14, 2013, and he came out on top again, winning a unanimous decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won the “Toyota Vigo 8-Man Tournament” @70 kg against Dechrid Poptheeratham by decision after 3 rounds in Udon Thani on March 29, 2013.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: It was reported that he would fight Kamel Jemel at the "WBC World Muay Thai Millennium Championship" in Saint-Pierre, Réunion on September 7, 2013. However, he denied ever being on the card.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He beat Juri Kehl on points at "MAX Muay Thai 2" in Pattaya, Thailand on June 29, 2013. It was a fairly one-sided fight, although Kehl did land a high kick in round two which knocked Sitthichai down. However, the referee counted it as a slip.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won by decision against Jordan Watson at "MAX Muay Thai 3" in Zhengzhou, China on August 10, 2013.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He defended his Thailand (PAT) Welterweight Championship @147 lbs against Dechrid Poptheeratham in Bangkok at November 23, 2013.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He outpointed Wanchalerm Udduonmuang in the main event of "Yokkao 6" in Pattaya, Thailand on January 4, 2014.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He took an extension round decision over Chingiz Allazov at "Thai Boxe Mania" in Turin, Italy on January 25, 2014.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai defeated Mohamed Khamal via UD at "Legend 3: Pour Homme" in Milan, Italy on April 5, 2014.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He defended his Thailand (PAT) Welterweight Championship @147 lbs and won the Lumpinee Stadium Welterweight Championship @147 lbs against Maruay Sitjaepond at Lumpinee Stadium, Bangkok on October 28, 2014.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: His last fight under Muay Thai rules to date was a victory against Crice Bousouko at 70 kg at the "La Nuit des Titans 2015" event in Tours, France on February 7, 2015.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: In his first ever fight under kickboxing rules, he lost a highly disputed decision to Enriko Gogokhia on the "Oktagon 2013 " event that served as the undercard to "" in Milan, Italy on April 20, 2013. He had initially been set to face Davit Kiria on the main card but was demoted to the prelims when his opponent was changed.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won the “La Nuit des Champions” 4-Man Tournament (under K-1 rules) event in Marselle, France by defeating Abdellah Ezbiri in the final by TKO in the second round on November 22, 2014.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won the "Fight League - Grand Prix" 8-Man tournament 70 kg by defeating Yasssin Baiter by KO in the second round in the Final in Tangier, Morocco on August 8, 2015.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won his first major tournament under kickboxing rules at the "Kunlun Fight 15: The World MAX - Middleweight 4-Man Tournament" at 70 kg by defeating Murthel Groenhart by KO in 3 rounds and Andy Souwer by decision in 3 rounds in Nanjing, China on January 3, 2015.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He started fighting exclusively under kickboxing rules at the "Kunlun Fight 24" event in Verona, Italy where he lost to Dylan Salvador by decision after three rounds on May 2, 2015.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won the “2015 Kunlun Fight 70kg World Max Tournament" by defeating Enriko Gogokhia by decision in the 4th extension round at "Kunlun Fight 37" in Sanya, China on 23 January, 2016.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He participated in “Kunlun Fight 64-Man 70kg World Max Tournament 2016” and qualified for the Final 16-Man by defeating Walid Hamid by KO in the second round and Mohamed Mezouari by 4th extension round decision in the final at "Kunlun Fight 43" in Zhoukou, China on 23 Apr, 2016. He finished as a quarter finalist being defeated by the tournament champion, Superbon Banchamek at "Kunlun Fight 53 - World Max Tournament 2016 Final 8" on 24 September 2016 in Beijing, China.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sittichai won the 8-man Yi Long Challenge Tournament for the 71 kg title by WLF, held in China. He defeated Hasan Toy, Enriko Kehl and Dzhabar Askerov. In the finals, on November 4, 2017, he fought the then-current champion, Yi Long in the "". He won via second round head kick KO to secure the Wu Lin Feng 71kg World Championship.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: In his debut at Glory he won the Lightweight Contender Tournament at 70 kg at "" in Lille, France on June 5, 2015 by defeating Davit Kiria by TKO in the second round and Josh Jauncey by unanimous decision in the final.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Winning the Glory contender tournament led to a fight with Robin van Roosmalen, which he lost in a highly controversial decision during "" in Monza, Italy on November 6, 2015.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He competed and won the “Glory Lightweight Contender Tournament” at 70 kg again, defeating Davit Kiria and Marat Grigorian (whom he had beaten previously at Kunlun Fight) at "" in Paris, France on March 12, 2016.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He won a rematch vs Robin van Roosmalen at "" on June 25, 2016 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Which he won by split decision and became the Glory Lightweight Champion at 70 kg.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sittichai defended his Glory Lightweight title at "" on March 25, 2017 in Brussels, Belgium against Dylan Salvador. It was the third fight between the two. He won the fight by TKO.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai defended his Glory Lightweight Championship another four times. On February 16, 2018, he defeated Christian Baya by unanimous decision at "" in Chicago. He outscored Tyjani Beztati to retain the title on May 12, 2018 at "" in Lille, France. Sitthichai would then face Marat Grigorian in the fourth meeting between the two on August 25, 2018, winning by split decision at "" in Shenzhen, China. On November 2, 2018, he defeated Josh Jauncey by unanimous decision at "" in New York City.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: On May 17, 2019, Sitthichai lost the Glory Lightweight Championship to Marat Grigorian by unanimous decision in their fifth meeting at "" in Utrecht, Netherlands.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai was scheduled to make his ONE debut at "" on July 31, 2020, where was set to face Superbon Banchamek for a third time. Under kickboxing rules, he lost to Superbon by unanimous decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai is next scheduled to face promotional newcomer Tayfun Özcan at "" on July 30, 2021. After Özcan suffered an injury in training, he was rescheduled to face Tawanchai P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym under Muay Thai rules at "" on August 27, 2021. Sitthichai defeated Tawanchai by split decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai faced Tayfun Özcan in the quarter finals of the 2021 ONE Kickboxing Featherweight World Grand Prix at "". Sitthichai defeated Özcan by split decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai was scheduled to face Davit Kiria in the semifinals of the ONE Featherweight Kickboxing World Grand Prix at "" on January 28, 2022. Sitthichai won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: He faced Chingiz Allazov in the ONE Featherweight Kickboxing World Grand Prix Final at "" on March 26, 2022. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong

text: Sitthichai was booked to face the former Enfusion -67kg champion Mohammed Boutasaa at on October 21, 2022. the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan Jovanka is a fictional character played by Janet Fielding in the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". An Australian airline stewardess and a native of Brisbane who was a companion of the Fourth and Fifth Doctors, she was a regular in the programme from 1981 to 1984. Tegan appeared in 20 stories (65 episodes).


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: According to producer John Nathan-Turner, when he was thinking of a name for the character, it was either going to be Tegan, after his partner's niece in Australia, or Jovanka, after Jovanka Broz, the widow of Yugoslavian President Josip Broz Tito, so he wrote both down on a piece of paper. Script editor Christopher H. Bidmead mistakenly believed that Jovanka was the character's last name rather than an alternative, and so christened her "Tegan Jovanka".


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan first appears in the Fourth Doctor's last serial, "Logopolis". En route to Heathrow Airport to start her new job as a stewardess with Air Australia, her aunt Vanessa's vehicle (in which she is riding) suffers a flat tyre. Tegan enters a roadside police box to seek help, not knowing that it is actually the Doctor's disguised TARDIS. She is present when the Fourth Doctor falls from the Pharos Project radio telescope and regenerates into his fifth incarnation, and continues to journey with the Doctor and his other companions. She travels with the Doctor initially because her aunt was killed by the Master, although she still wants to get to Heathrow Airport to start her new job, as soon as the Doctor can get her there.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan is stubborn, loud, and direct, with a no-nonsense manner and not afraid to speak her mind (in "Earthshock" she describes herself as "just a mouth on legs"). Her time in the TARDIS coincides with that of Adric, Nyssa, Turlough and Kamelion. While she often bickers with them (particularly with Adric) as well as with the Doctor, her strength of character keeps them together and her loyalty and affection to her crewmates is unquestionable. She is close to Nyssa, and is especially saddened at her leaving. She is initially very suspicious of Turlough, frequently referring to him as a "brat" at first, though they gradually become friends. The Doctor notes that she is a good coordinator, and often encourages her with the words, "Brave heart, Tegan." She is apparently able to speak at least one Indigenous Australian language fluently, and shows an ability to use firearms.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Despite her strong front, however, her adventures with the Doctor, both thrilling and terrifying, eventually take a psychological toll. She is deeply upset by the death of Adric in "Earthshock". After being left behind in Heathrow due to a misunderstanding at the end of "Time-Flight", she returns to the TARDIS in the next adventure "Arc of Infinity", which is set about a year later in Earth time (Although the Doctor and Nyssa have been depicted having several adventures in that time frame in the audio adventures). During that period, Tegan had worked as a stewardess, but had been subsequently fired. Soon after, she is once again possessed by the alien intelligence known as the Mara. Eventually, the carnage surrounding the events of "Resurrection of the Daleks" proves too much and she bids an emotional good-bye to both the Doctor and Turlough in 1984 London.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan Jovanka is one of the few companions of the classic series to be seen to have an extended family. She had an Australian aunt in the UK named Vanessa (Dolore Whiteman). In Logopolis it is said that Tegan's father owned an Australian farm. Tegan's English maternal grandfather Andrew Verney (Frederick Hall) was a local historian who had a cottage in the English village of Little Hodcombe in "The Awakening", and her cousin Colin Frazer (Alastair Cumming) lived in Brisbane but was terrorised by Omega whilst back-packing in Amsterdam during "Arc of Infinity".


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan appeared in the series' 2022 specials celebrating the BBC Centenary, alongside the returning former companion Ace.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: An illusory image of Tegan is seen during the Fifth Doctor's regeneration into the Sixth in "The Caves of Androzani" (1984).


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: In "The Twin Dilemma" and "Attack of the Cybermen" (1985), The Sixth Doctor calls his companion Peri 'Tegan', which leads into Peri telling the Doctor that he has called her 'Tegan' amongst many other names.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: In the 2007 "Children in Need" special episode "Time Crash", the Tenth Doctor asks his fifth incarnation if he is still travelling with Tegan in his own relative timeline.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: In "The Sarah Jane Adventures" two-parter "Death of the Doctor" (2010), Tegan is mentioned as having campaigned for the rights of Indigenous Australians.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: In "The Crimson Horror" (2013), the Eleventh Doctor tells Clara Oswald that he spent a long time trying to get a "gobby Australian" to Heathrow Airports. A scream is then heard, and he says "Brave heart, Clara."


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: A 2020 short published to the official Doctor Who YouTube channel and titled "Farewell, Sarah Jane", written by former Doctor Who showrunner Russell T. Davies, revealed that Tegan was in a relationship with fellow traveller Nyssa.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Fielding reprised the role in a 1985 sketch ("A Fix with Sontarans") for the children's show "Jim'll Fix It" alongside Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor. This sketch suggests Tegan returns to the life of a flight attendant and has also frosted her hair blonde, before being accidentally returned to the TARDIS by the Sixth Doctor.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: Tegan's life after journeying with the Doctor is investigated in the Big Finish Productions 2006 audio drama "The Gathering". Although she finds it difficult to enter into relationships and is suffering from a terminal illness, she tells the Doctor that she has no regrets about her time with him, and now appreciates her life to the full.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: The spin-off fiction suggests that she was briefly married to pop star Johnny Chester (also known as Johnny Chess), the son of the First Doctor's companions Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. In the spin-off short story "Good Companions" by Peter Anghelides Tegan has suffered a nervous breakdown and convinced herself that her time with the Doctor was a delusion.


title: Tegan Jovanka

text: In the promotional video for the season 19 Blu-ray box set, Fielding reprised her role as Tegan, this time appearing as the owner and Chief Executive Officer of "Jovanka Airlines", parodying flight take off instructions for passengers once they have boarded, with Peter Davison and Sarah Sutton playing the passengers.


title: Medical malpractice

text: Medical malpractice is a legal cause of action that occurs when a medical or health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, deviates from standards in their profession, thereby causing injury or death to a patient. The negligence might arise from errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management.


title: Medical malpractice

text: An act of medical malpractice usually has three characteristics. Firstly, it must be proven that the treatment has not been consistent with the standard of care, which is the standard medical treatment accepted and recognized by the profession. Secondly, it must be proven that the patient has suffered some kind of injury due to the negligence. In other words, an injury without negligence or an act of negligence without causing any injury cannot be considered malpractice. Thirdly, it must be proven that the injury resulted in significant damages such as disability, unusual pain, suffering, hardship, loss of income or a significant burden of medical bills.


title: Medical malpractice

text: In common law jurisdictions, medical malpractice liability is normally based on the tort of negligence.


title: Medical malpractice

text: Although the law of medical malpractice differs significantly between nations, as a broad general rule liability follows when a health care practitioner does not show a fair, reasonable and competent degree of skill when providing medical care to a patient. If a practitioner holds himself out as a specialist a higher degree of skill is required. Jurisdictions have also been increasingly receptive to claims based on informed consent, raised by patients who allege that they were not adequately informed of the risks of medical procedures before agreeing to treatment.


title: Medical malpractice

text: As law varies by jurisdiction, the specific professionals who may be targeted by a medical malpractice action will vary depending upon where the action is filed. Among professionals that may be potentially liable under medical malpractice laws are:


title: Medical malpractice

text: Among the acts or omissions that may potentially support a medical malpractice claim are the failure to properly diagnose a disease or medical condition, the failure to provide appropriate treatment for a medical condition, and unreasonable delay in treating a diagnosed medical condition. In some jurisdictions a medical malpractice action may be allowed even without a mistake from the doctor, based upon principles of informed consent, where a patient was not informed of possible consequences of a course of treatment and would have declined the medical treatment had proper information been provided in advance.


title: Medical malpractice

text: The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom decided in 2018 that the duty of care extended to information given to patients by clerical staff of a healthcare provider, such that a medical negligence case might be predicated upon an administrative mistake. A patient at Croydon Health Services NHS Trust's emergency department had severe brain damage having been given misleading information by staff at reception. He was told that he would be seen by a doctor in four or five hours and left the hospital, when actually he would be seen inside 30 minutes by a triage nurse.


title: Medical malpractice

text: £1.7 billion on was spent on clinical negligence claims by the NHS in 2016/17. 36% of that was legal costs. In January 2018, NHS England announced that NHS hospitals in England would no longer provide office or advertising space for lawyers who encourage people to take the NHS to court.


title: Medical malpractice

text: In 2019/20 11,682 medical negligence claims and reported incidents were received by the NHS – an increase of 9.3% on 2018/19. In the same time, the total value of clinical negligence claims under the CNST scheme reduced from £8.8 billion, to £8.3 billion.


title: Medical malpractice

text: In many jurisdictions, a medical malpractice lawsuit is initiated officially by the filing and service of a summons and complaint. The parties subsequently engage in discovery," a process through which documents such as medical records are exchanged, and depositions are taken by parties involved in the lawsuit. A deposition involves the taking of statements made under oath about the case. Certain conversations are not discoverable due to issues of privilege, a legal protection against discovery, but most conversations between the parties and witnesses are discoverable.


title: Medical malpractice

text: A no-fault system may provide compensation to people who have medical outcomes that are significantly worse than would be anticipated under the circumstances, or where there is proof of injury resulting from medical error, without regard to whether or not malpractice occurred. Some no fault systems are restricted to specific types of injury, such as a birth injury or vaccine injury.


title: Medical malpractice

text: Medico-legal action across multiple countries is more common against male than female doctors (odds ratio of 2.45). A 2016 survey of US physicians found that 8.2 percent of physicians under the age of forty reported having been sued for malpractice during their careers, with 49.2 percent of physicians over the age of 54 reporting having been sued.


title: Theo Pinson

text: Theophilus Alphonso Pinson (born November 5, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels. A swingman, Pinson was the starting shooting guard for the Tar Heels' 2017 NCAA championship team.


title: Theo Pinson

text: Born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina, Pinson played high school basketball for Wesleyan Christian Academy in nearby High Point. He was named a McDonald's All-American in his senior year. In the summer of 2011, Pinson was named to the USA Basketball U16 team, where he won the gold medal with future Tar Heel teammate Justin Jackson.


title: Theo Pinson

text: Pinson's college career was marked by injury early, as he broke the fifth metatarsal bone in his left foot and missed 14 games of his freshman season. His sophomore season was injury free; however, he broke the same bone (fifth metatarsal) in his right foot, causing him to miss the first 16 games of his junior season. While on the court, Pinson's passing, defense and leadership played a key role in the Tar Heels' run to consecutive National Championship Title Games. Pinson was also acknowledged as a positive factor in the locker room for these teams, as he developed a reputation as a prankster in both the locker room and with the media. During the Tar Heels' 2017 championship run, Pinson's playmaking helped the team defeat Kentucky in the South Regional Final, as his full-court drive and pass set up a game-winning shot by forward Luke Maye. As a senior, he averaged 10.3 points, 6.5 rebounds and 5.1 assists in 29.7 minutes per game.


title: Theo Pinson

text: After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Pinson joined the Brooklyn Nets for the 2018 NBA Summer League. He posted 11.2 points, 4.0 rebounds, and 2.2 assists per game in five summer league games. On August 6, 2018, Pinson signed a training camp contract with the Nets, which was confirmed to be a two-way contract for the 2018–19 season. Under the terms of the deal, he will split time between the Nets and their NBA G League affiliate, the Long Island Nets. Pinson made his NBA debut on October 20, 2018, in a 132–112 loss to the Indiana Pacers, scoring two points with a rebound and two assists in six and half minutes of play. On April 10, 2019, the Nets converted Pinson's two-way deal to a full NBA contract. On April 15, Pinson made his postseason debut scoring 9 points shooting 3 for 5 from the field and 3 for 4 from 3. On July 8, 2019, the Nets re-signed Pinson to a reported two-year contract, after the Nets rescinded their qualifying offer to Pinson on July 6.


title: Theo Pinson

text: In December 2019, Pinson began to see more minutes for the Nets due to an Achilles injury to David Nwaba. On February 4, 2020, Pinson scored 32 points to go with nine rebounds, three assists and two steals in the G League as the Long Island Nets defeated the Wisconsin Herd 117–110. On June 23, Pinson was waived by the Nets.


title: Theo Pinson

text: Three days later after leaving the Brooklyn Nets, on June 26, 2020, Pinson was claimed off waivers by the New York Knicks.


title: Theo Pinson

text: On November 19, 2020, the Knicks announced that they did not exercise the team option on Pinson, making him a free agent. On November 29, the Knicks re-signed Pinson to a two-way contract with the Westchester Knicks.


title: Theo Pinson

text: On September 28, 2021, Pinson signed with the Boston Celtics, but was waived at the end of training camp. On October 23, he signed with the Maine Celtics as an affiliate player. Pinson averaged 16.4 points, 4.4 assists, 4.6 rebounds, and 1.3 steals per game.


title: Theo Pinson

text: On December 20, 2021, Pinson signed a 10-day contract with the Dallas Mavericks. He signed a second 10-day contract with the Mavericks on December 31. He signed a two-way contract on January 10, 2022.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the "Malay Annals" as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Malacca. According to the "Malay Annals", he ruled Singapura from 1389 to 1398. The king fled the island kingdom after a Majapahit naval invasion in 1398 and founded his new stronghold on the mouth of Bertam river in 1402. Within decades, the new city grew rapidly to become the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. Portuguese accounts however, written a hundred years after his death, suggest he was from Palembang in Sumatra and usurped the throne of Singapura; he was driven out, either by the Siamese or the Majapahit, and went on to found Malacca.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The name Parameswara is found in Portuguese sources such as "Suma Oriental", and written "Paramicura" or "Parimicura". Parameswara is a Hindu name derived from the Sanskrit word "Parameśvara" (), a concept literally meaning the "Supreme Lord". The word "parama" meaning "the supreme" is added to Ishvara as an intensifier. "Parameśvara" is also one of the names of Lord Shiva. However, the name Parameswara is not found in the "Malay Annals", which tell a romanticized history of the kingdoms of Singapura and Malacca. It gives the name Iskandar Shah as the last ruler of Singapura and founder of Malacca. Iskandar is Persian for "Alexander", after Alexander the Great, and Shah the Persian title for a king. It has been conjectured that Iskandar Shah of the "Malay Annals" is the same person as Parameswara based on certain commonalities in their biographies.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The Ming Chronicle ("Ming Shilu") recorded that the consort of Parameswara known as Bā-ér-mí-sū-lǐ (八兒迷蘇里) ('Parameswari') attended a banquet together with the king Bai-li-mi-su-la (拜里迷蘇剌, 'Parameswara') in the Ming court. It is more likely that 'Parameswari' ("Supreme Lordess") referred to a title rather than a given name as evidenced by its application in the "Malay Annals" to Sang Nila Utama's mother-in-law, Queen Parameswari Iskandar Shah, and is in fact still in use today in the form of "Permaisuri" ('Queen') in the Malay language. Therefore, the name "Parameswara" is also believed to be a small part of a longer regnal title which was something common among Malay royals until the present day. Apart from Parameswara the founder of Malacca, Abu Syahid Shah, the fourth Sultan of Malacca, was also titled "Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah".


title: Parameswara (king)

text: There are differing accounts of the origin and life of Parameswara given in the "Malay Annals" and Portuguese sources. The Malay Annals was written during the heyday of Malacca and re-compiled in 1612 by the Johor court. It is the basis for accounts of the founding of Singapura , the succession of its rulers and its eventual decline. According to the account by the "Malay Annals", Iskandar Shah (Parameswara) was a descendant of Sang Nila Utama said to have founded Singapura. However, historians cast doubts on the accuracy and historicity of the "Malay Annals" on its accounts of Singapura. Portuguese sources such as the "Suma Oriental" by Tomé Pires were written shortly after the Portuguese conquest of Malacca and they give a different account of the origin of Parameswara.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Both "Suma Oriental" and "Malay Annals" do contain similar stories about a fleeing Srivijayan prince arriving in Singapura and about the last king of Singapura who fled to the west coast of Malay peninsula to found Malacca. However, both accounts differ markedly on the identity of the prince: "Suma Oriental" identified the fleeing prince and the last king of Singapura as the same person known as "Parameswara", while the more detailed "Malay Annals" identified the fleeing prince and the last king as completely two different persons separated by five generations (Sang Nila Utama and Iskandar Shah). "Suma Oriental" noted further that the fleeing Srivijayan prince usurped the throne of Singapura from a Siamese viceroy named "Temagi" sometimes around the 1390s. Portuguese accounts by Tomé Pires and João de Barros, which may have been based on a Javanese source, suggest that Parameswara was a prince from Palembang who attempted to challenge Javanese rule over Palembang sometime after 1360. In this version, the Javanese attacked and drove Parameswara out of Palembang, who then escaped to Singapore. Parameswara soon assassinated the local ruler with the title Sang Aji, Sangesinga. Parameswara then ruled for five years before he was driven out. The account by Pires also indicates that Iskandar Shah was the son of Parameswara who became the second ruler of Malacca. Many scholars believe that Parameswara and Iskandar Shah are the same person, although some argued for Megat Iskandar Shah being the son of Parameswara.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The only Chinese first-hand account of 14th century Temasek (the name used before it was changed to Singapura), "Dao Yi Zhi Lue" written by Wang Dayuan, indicates that Temasek was ruled by a local chief (before the time of Parameswara). However the word used by Wang indicates that the ruler of Temasek was not independent, rather he was a vassal of another more powerful state.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Based on the account from the "Malay Annals", Sri Maharaja of Singapura was succeeded by his son, Iskandar Shah, in 1389. The use of the peculiar Persian name and title in the "Malay Annals" may suggest that he had converted to Islam. Accounts in the "Malay Annals" trace back the Islamic influence in Singapura to the reign of Sri Rana Wikrama, when he first established relationships with a Sumatran Muslim Kingdom, Peureulak.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The "Malay annals" account of the fall of Singapura and the flight of its last king begins with Iskandar Shah's accusation of one of his concubines of adultery. As punishment, the king had her stripped naked in public. In revenge, the concubine's father, Sang Rajuna Tapa who was also an official in Iskandar Shah's court, secretly sent a message to Wikramawardhana of Majapahit, pledging his support should the king choose to invade Singapura. In 1398, Majapahit dispatched a fleet of three hundred large ships and hundreds of smaller vessels, carrying no less than 200,000 men. Initially, the Javanese soldiers engaged with the defenders in a battle outside the fortress, before forcing them to retreat behind the walls. The invasion force laid a siege of the city and repeatedly tried to attack the fortress. However, the fortress proved to be impregnable.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: After a month, food in the fortress began to run low and the defenders were on the verge of starvation. Sang Rajuna Tapa was then asked to distribute whatever grain left to the people from the royal store. Seeing this opportunity for revenge, the minister lied to the King, saying the stores were empty. The grains were not distributed and the people eventually starved. The final assault came when the gates were finally opened under the order of the treacherous minister. The Majapahit soldiers rushed into the fortress and a terrible massacre ensued. According to the "Malay Annals", "blood flowed like a river" and the red stains on the laterite soil of Singapore are said to be blood from that massacre. Knowing that defeat was imminent, Iskandar Shah and his followers fled the island.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Portuguese sources gave different accounts from the Malay Annals. They suggested that Parameswara originated from Palembang, who escaped to Temasek that some believed to be a vassal of Siam. There he assassinated the local ruler who had welcomed Parameswara into the kingdom, and ruled there for five years. There are different suggestions as to who attacked Singapura. One indication was that the assassinated ruler of Temasek may be related by marriage to the Patani Kingdom and the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom. João de Barros said that it was the Siamese who attacked Singapura, while Brás de Albuquerque believed that it was the Pattani Kingdom. Diogo do Couto on the other hand said it was the Majapahit, while Godinho de Erédia mentioned Pahang (by which he meant most the Malay Peninsula).


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Parameswara fled north to found a new settlement. In Muar, Parameswara contemplated establishing his new kingdom at either Biawak Busuk or at Kota Buruk. Finding that the Muar location was not suitable, he continued northwards. Along the way, he reportedly visited Sening Ujong (former name of present-day Sungai Ujong) before reaching a fishing village at the mouth of the Bertam River (former name of the Malacca River). This evolved over time to become the location of modern-day Malacca Town. According to the "Malay Annals", legend has it that the king saw a mouse deer outwitting his hunting dog into the water when he was resting under the Malacca tree. He thought this boded well, remarking, 'this place is excellent, even the mouse deer is formidable; it is best that we establish a kingdom here'. Tradition holds that he named the settlement after the tree he was leaning against while witnessing the portentous event. Today, the mouse deer is part of modern Malacca's coat of arms. The name "Malacca" itself was derived from the fruit-bearing Malacca tree () scientifically termed as "Phyllanthus emblica". Another account on the origin the naming of Malacca elaborates that during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424–1444), the Arab merchants called the kingdom 'Malakat' (Arabic for 'congregation of merchants') because it was home to many trading communities.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: After the foundation of the new settlement in Malacca, Parameswara initiated the development of the place and ordered his men to cultivate the lands with banana, sugar cane, yam and other crops for food. Taking the advantage of the harbour that is protected by a hill and sheltered ships well from the danger of strong tides, Parameswara laid the foundation of a trading port by building the storage and market facilities to serve as a meeting point to exchange goods. The indigenous inhabitants of Malacca and the strait, the Orang Laut, who were also known as the loyal servants of Malay rulers since the time of Singapura and Srivijaya, were said to have been employed by Parameswara to patrol the adjacent seas, to repel other petty pirates, and to direct traders to their Malay overlords' port. Ironically, Orang Lauts themselves were known to be ferocious pirates in history. Within years, news about Malacca becoming a centre of trade and commerce began to spread all over the eastern part of the world and reached as far as China. The Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty, who reigned from 1402 till 1424, sent his envoy known as Yin Qing to Malacca in 1405. Yin Qing's visit opened the way for the establishment of friendly relations between Malacca and China. Chinese merchants began calling at the port of Malacca, joining other foreign traders notably the Javanese, Indians, Chinese, and Burmese who came to establish their trading bases and settle in Malacca, soaring its population to 2000 during Parameswara's reign.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: In 1411, Parameswara, his wife, his son, and a royal party of 540 people left for China with Admiral Zheng He to pay homage to the Yongle Emperor. Yongle praised Parameswara and acknowledged him as the rightful ruler of Malacca. He then presented Parameswara with a seal, silk and a yellow umbrella as symbols of royalty and also a letter appointing Parameswara as the ruler of Malacca. Malacca was then recognised as a kingdom by the Emperor of China. The envoy returned to Malacca together with a fleet led by Zheng He.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The Chinese chronicles mention that in 1414, the son of the first ruler of Malacca visited Ming China to inform them that his father had died. It is generally believed that he was buried on top of a hill at Tanjung Tuan (also known as Cape Rachado), within the State of Malacca, Malaysia by which located nearby to the modern-day district of Port Dickson. Parameswara was succeeded by his son, Megat Iskandar Shah who in turn ruled Malacca until 1424. There is an allegation that Parameswara had also been buried at the Bukit Larangan Park, Singapore. Some other also believe that he could have been cremated based on the Hindu's ritual belief system, and there is therefore no actual burial place.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: There are significant discrepancies in Malay, Chinese and Portuguese sources on the early history of Malacca, which created considerable disagreements about the early rulers of the kingdom. While there is consensus that Parameswara was a Hindu as indicated by his Hindu name, scholars have different opinions on whether he converted to Islam. No historical sources explicitly state that Parameswara had converted, however, the Persian moniker Iskandar Shah used in the "Malay Annals", as well as the confusion as to whether Parameswara and Iskandar Shah in different sources refer to the same person, led to the conjecture that Parameswara had converted to Islam and took a new name. For example, R. O. Winstedt argues that the Ming dynasty sources that gave two different names, Parameswara and Megat Iskandar Shah, had mistaken them as two different persons when Parameswara had merely adopted a new name after converting to Islam in 1414. George Coedes similarly states that Paramesvara converted to Islam after marrying a daughter of the king of Pasai at the age of 72, and took the name Megat Iskandar Shah. Others suggest he converted in the year 1409 when he was sixty-five.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: However, the 16th-century Portuguese writer Tomé Pires mentioned that Parameswara was succeeded by his son, named Chaquem Daraxa or Iskandar Shah, and that only the latter converted to Islam at the age of 72. The Chinese "History of Ming" considers Megat Iskandar Shah to be the son of Parameswara, and Wang Gungwu argues that the Chinese court was unlikely to have confused Parameswara with his son when both had visited the Ming court within a few years of each other. This son is referred to in the "Malay Annals" as Raja Besar Muda, or Raja Kechil Besar / Sultan Megat in Raffles MS. According to the "Malay Annals", the third king Muhammad Shah was the first Muslim ruler of Melaka, having converted after a dream. Chinese sources gave third king's name as Sri Maharaja, possibly before his conversion. Some scholars believe both Parameswara and his son were given the same title, the elder called Sri Iskandar Shah and the son Megat Iskandar Shah. Based on Malay, Portuguese, and Chinese writings, Christopher Wake concludes that Parameswara never adopted Islam but was posthumously given the title Iskandar Shah. While there are differing views on when the Islamisation of Melaka actually took place, it is generally agreed that Islam was firmly established in the court by the reign of Muzaffar Shah.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The relation with Ming China started in the early 15th century when Parameswara embarked on several voyages to visit the Yongle Emperor. In 1403, the first official Chinese trade envoy led by Admiral Yin Qing arrived in Malacca. Later, Parameśwara was escorted by Zheng He and other envoys in his successful visits. Malacca's relationships with Ming granted protection to Malacca against attacks from Siam and Majapahit and Malacca officially submitted as a protectorate of Ming China. This encouraged the development of Malacca into a major trade settlement on the trade route between China and India, Middle East, Africa and Europe.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: In 1411, Parameswara and his wife together with 540 officials from Malacca went to China to pay homage to the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424). Upon arriving, a grand welcoming ceremony was held with sacrification of animals. The historical meeting between Parameswara and the Yongle Emperor was recorded accurately in the Ming chronicle:


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Tributes that Malacca paid to Ming included: agate, carnelian, pearl, hawksbill, coral, crane beak, golden female crane beak, suit, white cloth, Western fabric, Sa-ha-la, rhino horn, ivory, black bear, black ape, white muntjac, turkey, parrot, pian-nao, rosebush dew, su-he oil, gardenia flower, wu-ye-ni, aromatic wood, incense sticks, gold silver incense sticks.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: Within decades after its foundation, Malacca grew into an international trading port and heralded the golden age of "Alam Melayu". 80 languages were reportedly spoken in Malacca. Malacca became an important port in the far east during the 16th century. It became so rich that the Portuguese writer and trader Tome Pires said ""Whoever is lord of Malacca shall have his hands on the throat of Venice."" The new Malay sultanate emerged as the primary base in continuing the historic struggles of its predecessors, Singapura and Srivijaya, against their Java-based nemeses. By the mid-15th century, Majapahit found itself unable to control the rising power of Malacca that began to gain effective control of Malacca straits and expands its influence to Sumatra. The "Malay Annals" records that, at the height of its power, following the accession to the throne of Sultan Mansur Shah in 1459, Malacca's territory covered much of the Malay peninsula as well as the Riau-Lingga islands and parts of the east coast of Sumatra namely Indragiri, Kampar, Siak, Rokan, Haru and Siantan. Malacca was still looking to expand its territory as late as 1506 when it conquered Kelantan.


title: Parameswara (king)

text: The prosperity of Malacca as an international port changed the entire Maritime Southeast Asia and its success was admired by kings from neighbouring kingdoms. As a major entreport, Malacca attracted Muslim traders from various part of the world and became a centre of Islam, disseminating the religion throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia. The process of Islamisation in the region surrounding Malacca gradually intensified between the 15th and 16th centuries through study centres in Upeh, the district on the north bank of the Malacca River. Islam spread from Malacca to Jambi, Kampar, Bengkalis, Siak, Aru and the Karimun Islands in Sumatra, throughout much of the Malay peninsula, Java and even Philippines. The Malay Annals even reveals that the courts of Malacca and Pasai posed theological questions and problems to one another. Of the so-called Wali Sanga ('nine saints') responsible in spreading Islam on Java, at least two, Sunan Bonang and Sunan Kalijaga, are said to have studied in Malacca. The expansion of Islam into the interiors of Java in the 15th century led to the gradual decline of Malacca's long standing foe, Hindu-Majapahit, before it finally succumbed to the emerging local Muslim forces in the early 16th century. Ultimately, the period spanning from Malaccan era right until the age of effective European colonisation, saw the domination of Malay-Muslim sultanates in trade and politics that eventually contributed to the Malayisation of the region.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike Messenger, also called Hike Sticker Chat, was an Indian freeware, cross-platform instant messaging (IM), Voice over IP (VoIP) application which was launched on 12 December 2012 by Kavin Bharti Mittal and is now owned by Hike Private Limited. Hike worked offline through SMS and had multi-platform support. The app registration usesdstandard one time password (OTP) based authentication process. Hike is estimated at a value of $1.4 billion, with more than 100 million registered users and 350 employees.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike Messenger launched globally on 12 December 2012 by founder Kavin Bharti Mittal. Over the next couple of months, features such as free text messaging, themes, stickers, and a hidden chat option were introduced. The majority users are from India with 80 percent under the age group of 25. After buying US based free voice calling company Zip Phones in 2015, Hike started providing free voice calling over cellular network and WiFi across the globe before WhatsApp by optimizing voice quality while using low bandwidth which packs more minutes per megabyte (MB) of data. The company went on to purchased startups like TinyMogul and Hoppr in the later part of 2015. After getting 30 percent sticker usage traffic, Hike launched the 'Great Indian Sticker Challenge' on 5 March 2015 to create more stickers. Hike acquired InstaLively Livestreaming Pvt. Ltd in February 2017 which was behind the hyper local social networking app Pulse, that focused on instant audio and video digitization by using lower bandwidth speed which made it cost-effective for enterprises to create and broadcast content from any remote location.


title: Hike Messenger

text: From version 5.0, it became the first social messaging app to start a mobile payment service in India. The timeline feature came back after multiple user requests and introduction of a personalized digital envelope called Blue Packets for sending monetary gifts through built-in wallet. In 2017, acquisition of Bengaluru based startup Creo was announced to enable third-party developers build services on top of Hike platform. From 2018, Hike decided to bring 1 billion users online by targeting tier-2 and tier-3 cities by giving more localized services.


title: Hike Messenger

text: The company decided to dump the previous super app approach as of January 2019 and is now looking at launching multiple specialized apps for specific users. In May 2019, Hike announced collaboration with Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi (IIIT-D) for developing artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), speech, link prediction, deep learning and computer vision. The company launched the first standalone app Hike Sticker Chat in April 2019, while a separate content app is now called Hike News & Content. With the help of machine learning, Hike Sticker Chat can now recommend, suggest and smartly predicts custom stickers for different situations and mood.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike launched an animated sticker for Valentine's Day 2019 with a special pack for the LGBTQ community.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Due to multilingual nature of Indian society, qwerty keyboards are difficult to localize so Hike is planning to use machine learning to make 80 to 90 percent of sticker-based chat a keyboard-less affair with the help of predictive analysis which now stands at 20 to 30 percent of user conversations on the platform. Hike stickers cover only 15 to 20 percent of vocabulary across 40 languages in India with future focus on text messages and symbols to achieve 100 percent prediction rate that gives a seamless experience while reducing keyboard dependency.


title: Hike Messenger

text: As of 2020. Hike was creating a smaller smart team of employees with game designers, crypto-economists and psychologists to understand the emerging digital landscape and create a new type of block-chain economy for its newly launched service called Hike Land.


title: Hike Messenger

text: From 15 April 2014, Hike is offering unlimited free SMS called Hike Offline through credits, earned by users from regular chatting for offline use to get a seamless experience as connectivity is still a major issue in many parts of India. To engage 80 percent of its audience who are under 25 years age group, Hike introduced features that find resonance with the local market such as Last Seen Privacy and localized sticker packs. It also introduced a two-way chat theme which was an industry-first innovation, allowing users to change the chat background for themselves and for their friends simultaneously. The app also started showing live Cricket scores in collaboration with Cricbuzz, news, casual games, social media feed, while one can do shopping, recharge and ticket booking with Hike Wallet. Hike brought large file transfer support which equipped users to share 100 MB files of all formats with discussion on further increasing the size limit to 1 GB.


title: Hike Messenger

text: With the launch of version 2.9.2.0 in January 2015, Hike implemented support for sending uncompressed images and a "quick upload" feature optimized for 2G speed. Later that month, Hike introduced a voice calling feature for its users. In September 2015, Hike launched free group calls support with up to 100 people in a simultaneous conference call environment. In November 2016, Hike announced the launch of a feature called Stories that allows people to share real-life moments using fun live filters which automatically get deleted after 48 hours, and a new camera design with localized filters. Hike 4.0 launched on 26 August 2015 with the tagline 'Got a Gang? Get on Hike'. The latest update makes the app five times faster, highly optimized for low-end phones and poor network conditions. It supports photo filters and doodles, bite-sized news updates in under a 100 characters. Hike launched News Feed with Hindi language support on 29 September 2015 to cater for the needs of the non-English population. Hike launched version 3.5 as the biggest update for Windows Phone 8.1 during December 2015 which changed the user interface for more simpler navigation, supported sending unlimited non-media files and documents of any format and better group admin settings. It also included ten brand-new chat themes.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike launched a microapp feature which was live for two days on 8 May 2016 as a Mother's Day special in which users can add images, quotes or messages as a token of love with customized e-cards and stickers on their timeline not only on Hike, but also on other platforms. On 26 October 2016, Hike Messenger rolled out the beta version of a video calling feature ahead of WhatsApp starting with the Android users which also lets recipients preview a video call before deciding to take it and is optimized to even work under 2G conditions. On 24 December 2016, Hike rolled out a short 20-second Video Stories feature that can be directly shared with friends or posted on a public timeline with different filters in collaboration with content creators with the same 48-hour time limit before being automatically deleted. The Stories feature continues to receive constant future updates to include and enable content, public story option, private user messaging and Geo-tagging.


title: Hike Messenger

text: In September 2017, Hike launched personalized sticker packs with 20,000+ graphical stickers for over 500 colleges that covered around 1,000 colleges by December 2018 across India which can be used across different geographies, and are highly customized for users with availability in 40+ local languages that support automatic sticker suggestions where the application suggests the best reply for any sticker message and also allows users to "nudge", a feature used to ping the receiver. Hike started supporting user comments on friend's posts, added a specific message reply function, a redesigned camera interface to support front flash and user mentions with the help of the @ symbol. In December 2017, Hike launched group voting, bill splitting, checklists and event reminders for group chat that supports up to 1,000 users both on iOS and Android platform. Hike launched another feature called Hike Land, which is a virtual world with beta trial to start from March 2020, that will use Hike Moji where online users with their digital avatar can hang out with other users and will be built inside the Hike Sticker Chat application. It is mainly targeted but not restricted towards 16 to 21 years age group of people. Without unveiling much about Hike Land, a separate website has been created with option to reserve spots by giving details like name, gender and phone number that will link the user profile from the Hike Sticker Chat account though it is not a necessity.


title: Hike Messenger

text: The Hike Direct feature is based on the technology known as WiFi Direct, which initially was also called WiFi P2P and got introduced to users by October 2015 which enables sharing of files such as music, apps, videos without a live internet connection within a 100-meter radius by creating a wireless network between two or more devices with a transfer speed of 100MB per minute. For privacy and security reasons, Hike doesn't show the recipient's location or proximity and works only when two users are connected in the same room by adding one another into the contact list.


title: Hike Messenger

text: In June 2017, Hike announced the launch of version 5.0 with multiple new features like User Chat Themes, Night Mode and Magic Selfie. along with a built-in Wallet partnered with Yes Bank. This feature was first rolled out to Android users followed by iOS users at a later stage.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike collaborated with Airtel Payment Bank to power its digital payment wallet by November 2017 where Hike users have access to Airtel Payments Bank's merchant & utility payment services and know your customer (KYC) infrastructure with 5 million transactions happening from services like recharge and P2P. Hike formed a partnership with Ola Cabs to bring a taxi and auto-rickshaw booking facility from 14 February 2018. Users can now also book bus tickets with 3,000 operators, pay for electricity, cooking gas, DTH and landline bills with 60 operators through Hike Wallet.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Support of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) based payments by Hike Wallet let users send and receive up to ₹1 lakh directly into the bank account without sharing their credit/debit card or net banking credentials. Users can send money through UPI to anyone and not just Hike users. For non-UPI users, it allows transactions up to ₹20,000 a month with a maximum cap per transaction at ₹5,000.


title: Hike Messenger

text: In January 2018, Hike announced the launch of 'Hike ID' to enhance its user privacy features. Hike ID is a unique custom username that removes the need for sharing phone numbers to chat with someone. Users can also search for each other using their Hike IDs. Hike ID has been integrated across all Hike-based services for facilitating easy discovery of people or groups.


title: Hike Messenger

text: In a survey done by the Hike team out of a million active users, 69 percent confirmed that they like to talk to others without sharing their own phone number and over 72 percent said that they like to skip the step of saving phone numbers before talking to others. This is what prompted the developers to come up with Hike ID as the solution which makes it easier as well as secure for users to chat without having to share or save phone numbers.


title: Hike Messenger

text: In August 2019 it launched the Web App beta version of Hike Sticker Chat which enable its users to chat over their personal computers. The company also worked on a feature to allow sharing of stickers across all messaging platforms. Hike Web was created ensuring a seamless experience for users with a strong focus on privacy and security keeping that in mind Hike increased network security to AES-256 and TLS 1.2, which makes communication over a web client more secure than ever.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike Moji is a digital avatar of a user based on artificial intelligence (AI), natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) generated imagery created by taking a selfie, for variety of localized Indianised expressions with 1000 customized options like more than 350 hairstyles, 20 different facial features, bindis, local clothing style, nose pins with local twist and mood. The beta version 1.0 was rolled out on 15 November 2019 for both android and iOS. It was officially released to a wider audience base on 19 February 2020. With the stable release, it included 200 more customized options like 20 skin shades, over a million eyes colours, more than 400 accessories, dimples, freckles, cheek-lines and more. Hike Moji generate stickers are on three language where English and Hindi act as default with one other optional Indic language. Right now the language support is limited to Bengali, Gujarati, Kanada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu. User can share 100+ exclusive Hike Moji stickers to other platforms. Computer vision and deep neural networks enable the platform to search around 100 trillion combinations of facial shape and color reflecting the user's looks within a few seconds. Life like images are generated with three seconds. Hike Moji version 1.0 (beta) alone created over 1 million plus stickers upon its launch in a control group of users. The stable version 1.0 can now create 100 quintillion combinations of stickers with seamless addition to WhatsApp. Inspired by local diversity of the country, HikeMoji now is the largest platform for hyper local avatar creation in India.


title: Hike Messenger

text: An article from 10 December 2012 published on German website Spiegel Online where app testers of MediaTest Digital found out while analyzing the data traffic of Hike version 1.0.5 for iOS that it transmits messages, phone numbers and unique device identification number (UDID) unencrypted and has full access to the phone address book. They called out that these deficiencies in Hike are even more undeniable than those made in the past in WhatsApp.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike uses a 128-bit Secure Sockets Layer encrypted firewall server for the exchange of media and text messages on Wi-Fi. In addition to a user choosing whom to share their last seen and profile pictures with, the app also supports an industry first hidden mode with a pattern lock feature for extended user privacy. As of June 2019, all chats and calls are now being protected by 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard and 2048 Rivest–Shamir–Adleman public-key cryptosystems and messages stored locally on a device are auto backed-up to its cloud server with zero data consumption. It is used for validating identity (signing) and ensuring that only the intended recipient can access the information sent (encryption). The data stored on hike servers is completely encrypted with an AES-128 algorithm with strong Key and Salt stored in a completely different key management system (KMS).


title: Hike Messenger

text: In January 2018, the company announced the launch of Total which is a customized version of Android that uses its own proprietary technology called UTTP, which is based on Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) protocol that is supported by nearly all GSM phones that allowed users to access services on their mobile even in the offline mode or without internet. Hike teamed up with mobile carriers and OEMs for Total, with device makers bundling a tweaked version of Android that makes Hike the default text/call app.


title: Hike Messenger

text: The total was targeted at the next billion mobile-first customers. Users can access essential services such as Messaging, News, Horoscope, Recharge, Wallet, Cricket Scores and Rail information even without an active internet connection with services taking less than 100 kb to 1 MB of size. Users can also buy data packs which are as low as ₹1 from within the operating system.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike announced Intex Technologies, Karbonn Mobiles as device partners and BSNL, Aircel as telecom service providers. Hike announced the availability of the Total platform for 'Mera Pehla Smartphone' initiative launched by Airtel India. The first batch of handsets supporting the technology were released by March 2018. It wasn't available for download on Google Play as it is exclusive to handset models produced by partner original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike acquired its first five million users within three months after the app launch which increased to fifteen million by September 2013. Up to May 2014, the user base increased to twenty million with additional fifteen million joining till August 2014. Hike reached seventy million users till October 2015 by adding an additional thirty million within three months from August 2015. Twenty billion messages were shared regularly every month till August 2015, that grew to over one billion messages shared every single day by December 2015, that again doubled to forty billion monthly messages till January 2016 as users are spending over 120 minutes per week on the app.


title: Hike Messenger

text: On average, users are spending more than 120 minutes per week on the app as they are viewing 11.2 news stories on average per user per day while transferring close to 10 million files with Hike Direct which is more than 200 terabytes of data without the use of actual internet. As of January 2019, 29 percent of internet users in India use Hike as a messenger or VoIP platform.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike crossed over its first hundred million registered users in January 2016 as per founder and company CEO, Kavin Bharti Mittal which added a further sixty million till May 2019. Over ten million mobile transactions were done on Hike as of November 2017 of which 70 percent were for various recharges, while 30 percent were peer to peer transaction (P2P). A further breakdown of 30 percent P2P transactions consists of 10 percent UPI payments, 10 percent Blue Packets which are virtual envelopes that users can insert money into and send to friends with personal messages, filters and 10 percent normal wallet transactions. During this time around Hike also recorded a 30 percent month after month rise in its active user base. Hike Messenger announced that it crossed five million monthly transactions within five months of Hike Wallet's launch at a 30 percent month after month growth which by December 2017 increased to ten million monthly transactions at a 100 percent month after month growth rate.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Around 50,000 users are joining Hike Sticker Chat per day which the company wants to quadruple by the end of 2019. The initial target is capturing of 15 to 20 percent youth population in India and a wider base from tier-1 and tier-2 cities since maximum growth is coming from Pune, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Jaipur. As of December 2019, the app has over two million weekly active users.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike raised its first round of funding of $7 million from Bharti Enterprises and SoftBank Group in April 2013. It again received a second round of investment of $14 million from Bharti Enterprises and Softbank Group in March 2014 to scale up operations when it crossed 15 million subscribers. In August 2014, Hike reached 35 million users and raised $65 million in a funding round led by Tiger Global. It raised $175 million in a Series D round of funding led by Tencent and Foxconn on 16 August 2016. After raising this round Hike reached the valuation of $1.4 billion and became the youngest startup in India to reach unicorn status, having achieved it in just 3.7 years after launch.


title: Hike Messenger

text: Around January 2016, Hike spokesperson told Press Trust of India journalist that Facebook blocked an option in its advertisements which allows people to visit the Hike official website which they assumed to be an initial technical glitch, but later Facebook confirmed that certain products and services can't be advertised on its platform which stopped the Hike ads. Facebook has not publicly responded to Hike's allegations whereas it's worth noting that Facebook-owned WhatsApp is the rival service to the Hike messaging app in the Indian market.


title: Hike Messenger

text: On April 1, 2014, the app pranked its users with "HikeCoin", which was modeled after Bitcoin for direct cash transfers by announcing that a photo of real monetary note, attached and sent to friends would make the physical note invalid.


title: Hike Messenger

text: On March 31, 2016, Hike announced "Hike Smell", a fictional feature added as a prank on April Fools' Day. Users were informed that by using special sensors in their smartphones, they could capture and attach smells to their messages.


title: Hike Messenger

text: On 6 January 2021 company announced end of messaging services effective 14 January 2021 12:00 PM IST by sending following text to its users:


title: Hike Messenger

text: "Today we're announcing that after so many years of helping you deepen friendships, we will be shutting down Hike Sticker Chat at 11.59pm on 14th Jan, 2021."


title: Hike Messenger

text: "We thank you for creating amazing memories with us on Hike Sticker Chat and giving us your love and trust for so many years"


title: Hike Messenger

text: Hike also announced that all the Hike Stickers could still be used on other messaging platforms such as Signal, Whatsapp, and Telegram by downloading "Stickers by Hike".


title: Surface Pro 8

text: The Microsoft Surface Pro 8 is a 2-in-1 detachable tablet computer developed by Microsoft to supersede the Surface Pro 7. It combines the form factor and exterior design of the Surface Pro X with internal Intel-based hardware of the Pro 7+. It was announced on September 22, 2021 alongside the Surface Go 3, updated Surface Pro X models, a new Surface Laptop Studio, Surface Duo 2, Surface Slim Pen 2, and several other accessories. The tablet is powered by the new Windows 11 operating system.


title: Surface Pro 8

text: On 4 Feb, 2022, Microsoft announced the general availability for organisations across industries in the UAE of its Surface Laptop Studio and Surface Pro 8.


title: Surface Pro 8

text: Surface Pro 8 is powered by the new Windows 11 Home operating system (Windows 11 Pro or Windows 10 Pro for business models) with a 30-day trial of Microsoft 365. The device also supports Windows Hello login using biometric facial recognition.


title: Government of Delhi

text: The Government of Delhi, officially the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) is the governing body of the Union Territory of Delhi, whose urban area is the seat of the Government of India. It also governs the city or local governments in the area as per the 75th Constitutional Amendment Act.


title: Government of Delhi

text: Union Territories are governed by the Union Government. There are a few exceptions, such as Delhi and Puducherry which also have their own elected governments with some limitations.


title: Government of Delhi

text: Through the highly controversial GNCTD Amendment Act, 2021, the Union Government mandated primacy to the centrally appointed Lieutenant Governor and made the elected government subsidiary.


title: Government of Delhi

text: The local or city government is headed by the mayor. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi handled civic administration for the city, and had one mayor.


title: Government of Delhi

text: The Municipal Corporation of Delhi was trifurcated into three bodies, the North Delhi Municipal Corporation, the South Delhi Municipal Corporation and the East Delhi Municipal Corporation in 2012. But then, they were reunified on 22 May 2022.


title: Government of Delhi

text: The Delhi Cantonment Board is also a municipality that has jurisdiction in the city, since cantonment boards are municipalities as per the Cantonment Board Act 2006 and are under control of the Ministry of Defence.