title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Five matches were contested at the event, including two WarGames matches. In the main event, which was the main match from SmackDown, The Bloodline (Roman Reigns, Solo Sikoa, Sami Zayn, and The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso)) defeated The Brawling Brutes (Sheamus, Ridge Holland, and Butch), Drew McIntyre, and Kevin Owens in the men's WarGames match, while in the women's WarGames match, which was the opening bout and was the main match from Raw, Team Belair (Bianca Belair, Alexa Bliss, Asuka, Mia Yim, and Becky Lynch) defeated Team Bayley (Damage CTRL (Bayley, Dakota Kai, and Iyo Sky), Nikki Cross, and Rhea Ripley).


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Survivor Series WarGames was the highest-grossing Survivor Series of all time, as well as the highest-grossing gate for WWE in Boston. It was also the most-viewed Survivor Series. WWE reported that the event was a complete sellout, with a disputed attendance of 15,609. The event also received critical acclaim, with high praise directed towards the WarGames matches for their storytelling and long-term booking, while also praising AJ Styles vs. Finn Bálor, and the United States Championship triple threat match. Dave Meltzer of the "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" would go on to rate a majority of the matches three-and-three-quarters stars or higher, with only the SmackDown Women's Championship match receiving a negative response.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Survivor Series is an annual gimmick event, produced every November by WWE since 1987. The second longest running pay-per-view (PPV) event in history (behind WWE's WrestleMania), it is one of the promotion's five biggest events of the year, along with WrestleMania, SummerSlam, Royal Rumble, and Money in the Bank, referred to as the "Big Five". Announced on October 25, 2021, the 36th Survivor Series was scheduled to occur on Saturday, November 26, 2022, at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, marking the first Survivor Series to be held on a Saturday. In addition to airing on traditional PPV, it was available to livestream on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network in international markets. Tickets went on sale on August 26, 2022, with premium hospitality packages also available.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: The event is traditionally characterized by having Survivor Series matches, which are tag team elimination matches that typically features teams of four or five wrestlers against each other. On September 19, 2022, however, WWE executive Triple H announced that instead of Survivor Series matches, the 2022 event would feature two WarGames matches, one each for the men and women that would be 5-versus-5, marking the first time for a main roster WWE event to feature the match. The 2022 event was in turn renamed as Survivor Series WarGames. WWE's developmental brand NXT previously held an annual WarGames event from 2017 to 2021. With the WarGames match moving to the main roster for Survivor Series, this subsequently ended NXT's WarGames event, which was replaced by Deadline.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: After WWE reintroduced the brand split in July 2016, Survivor Series centered around competition between wrestlers from Raw and SmackDown for brand supremacy (NXT was also involved in 2019 but removed in 2020). In addition to traditional Survivor Series matches between the brands, the champions of each brand faced off in non-title matches. Along with the announcement that the 2022 event would feature the WarGames match, Triple H also confirmed that the 2022 event would not be based on the brand supremacy concept.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: In an interview with "The Ringer" in regard to the changes for the 2022 Survivor Series, Triple H stated:


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: The event included matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw and SmackDown brands, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, "Monday Night Raw" and "Friday Night SmackDown."


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: After Bianca Belair retained the Raw Women's Championship against Becky Lynch at SummerSlam, Belair was confronted by a returning Bayley, accompanied by Dakota Kai and Iyo Sky, with Lynch standing with Belair. Lynch then took time off due to an injury, while Bayley's team would dub themselves as Damage CTRL and began feuding with the trio of Belair, Alexa Bliss, and Asuka. While Belair and Bayley fought over the Raw Women's Championship with Belair retaining in both encounters, Bliss and Asuka traded the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship with Kai and Sky, with Nikki Cross costing Bliss and Asuka the titles. On the November 7 episode of "Raw", Belair, Bliss, and Asuka challenged Damage CTRL to a WarGames match at Survivor Series WarGames, which was accepted. Damage CTRL subsequently recruited Cross to their team. The following week, Mia Yim, who had returned to WWE the previous week, joined Belair's team, while Rhea Ripley joined Bayley's team. On the November 21 episode of "Raw", Ripley defeated Asuka to give Bayley's team the advantage in the WarGames match, and on the November 25 episode of "SmackDown", a returning Lynch was revealed as the fifth member of Belair's team.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: In mid-October, The Brawling Brutes (Sheamus, Ridge Holland, and Butch) began feuding with members of The Bloodline (The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), Solo Sikoa, and Sami Zayn), including an unsuccessful attempt at The Usos' Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship. On the November 11 episode of "SmackDown", the two teams brawled, which also involved Bloodline leader, Undisputed WWE Universal Champion Roman Reigns; Drew McIntyre also joined the fray, siding with The Brawling Brutes. The following week, it was confirmed that The Brawling Brutes would face The Bloodline in a WarGames match at Survivor Series WarGames. Despite McIntyre's past issues with Sheamus, they made amends and he joined Sheamus' team as he had his own issues with The Bloodline. Later that night, the two teams brawled, after which, Kevin Owens made his return from injury and revealed himself as the fifth member of Sheamus' team with Owens also having previous issues with The Bloodline. On the November 25 episode of "SmackDown", McIntyre and Sheamus defeated The Usos to get the advantage in the WarGames match.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: On the November 11 episode of "SmackDown", Shotzi won a six-pack challenge to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match against Ronda Rousey at Survivor Series WarGames.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: In early October, The O.C. (AJ Styles, Luke Gallows, and Karl Anderson) began a rivalry with The Judgment Day (Finn Bálor, Damian Priest, Dominik Mysterio, and Rhea Ripley), but The O.C. were always at a disadvantage due to Ripley, who cost The O.C. their six-man tag team match against her stablemates at Crown Jewel. On the November 7 episode of "Raw", The O.C. confronted The Judgment Day and introduced the returning Mia Yim as their solution to deal with Ripley. The following week, a singles match between Styles and Bálor was scheduled for Survivor Series WarGames, with their respective stablemates in their corners.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: On the November 7 episode of "Raw", Seth "Freakin" Rollins held an open challenge for the United States Championship, which was answered by Bobby Lashley, who Rollins controversially won the title from a few weeks prior. The match, however, never commenced as Lashley instead attacked Rollins before the match could begin. After the beat down, Austin Theory ran out and cashed in his Money in the Bank contract on a weakened Rollins; however, Rollins retained the title thanks to interference from Lashley. The following week, Lashley said he would continue to target Rollins until he won back the championship, and later that night, Theory attacked Rollins. On the November 21 episode, it was announced that Rollins would defend the United States Championship against Lashley and Theory in a triple threat match at Survivor Series WarGames.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: The women's WarGames match opened the show, which saw Team Belair (Bianca Belair, Alexa Bliss, Asuka, Mia Yim, and Becky Lynch) facing Team Bayley (Damage CTRL (Bayley, Dakota Kai, and Iyo Sky), Nikki Cross, and Rhea Ripley). Belair and Kai started the match. As Team Bayley had the WarGames advantage, Sky entered next, followed by Asuka, Cross, and Bliss. Cross performed a Cross Body off the cage onto everyone else. The rest of the entry order went Bayley, Yim, Ripley, then finally Lynch. After WarGames officially began, Lynch performed a Diving Lep Drop on Sky, who was stuck in a trash can. Ripley hit Riptide on Lynch for a nearfall. Asuka spat green mist in Ripley's face. Bayley hit the Rose Plant on Lynch onto the metal plate connecting the two rings. Sky hit a Moonsault off the top of the cage onto everyone. In the end, Belair hit the K.O.D. on Bayley into the cage as Lynch hit a Double Diving Lep Drop on Kai and Sky through a table and pinned Kai to win the match for Team Belair.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Backstage, Jey Uso, who had never trusted or liked Sami Zayn, spoke with Roman Reigns regarding Zayn's loyalty to The Bloodline, as Jey overheard Zayn conversing with Kevin Owens on "SmackDown" the night before where Owens told Zayn to turn on The Bloodline; however, Zayn seemingly feigned ignorance and lied about the encounter when Jey confronted Zayn. Reigns then stated that he would take care of it and then instructed Paul Heyman to call Zayn to meet with Reigns.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Next, AJ Styles (accompanied by The O.C. (Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson)) faced Finn Bálor (accompanied The Judgment Day (Damian Priest and Dominik Mysterio)). A brawl ensued at ringside between Gallows, Anderson, Mysterio, and Priest and the four fought into the crowd. In the closing moments, Styles performed the Phenomenal Forearm on Bálor to win the match.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: After that, Ronda Rousey (accompanied by Shayna Baszler) defended the SmackDown Women's Championship against Shotzi. During the match. Shotzi performed a crossbody onto Rousey and Baszler into the crowd. Back in the ring, Rousey performed Piper's Pit on Shotzi and forced Shotzi to tap out to the cross armbar to retain the title.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: In another backstage segment, Sami Zayn met with Roman Reigns, who questioned why Zayn lied to Jey Uso about conversing with Kevin Owens. Zayn claimed that he did not want to put too much pressure on Jey as Jey had a match on "SmackDown" that night and maintained that his loyalty was with The Bloodline. Reigns seemingly accepted that Zayn was telling the truth.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: In the penultimate match, Seth "Freakin" Rollins defended the United States Championship against Bobby Lashley and Austin Theory in a triple threat match. Rollins performed a Pedigree on Lashley for a nearfall. Lashley applied the Hurt Lock on both Rollins and Theory simultaneously, however, Rollins and Theory escaped. With Theory in position for a Curb Stomp, Rollins stepped over Theory for leverage and performed a Curb Stomp on Lashley instead. In the end, as Rollins attempted a Falcon Arrow on Theory, Lashley performed a Spear on Rollins, and Theory fell into a pin onto Rollins to win the title for a second time.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Before the main event in a final backstage segment, Jey Uso asked Roman Reigns if Sami Zayn had lied to Reigns as well. Reigns claimed that he looked Zayn in the eyes and saw what he needed to see.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: The main event was the men's WarGames match, which saw The Bloodline (Roman Reigns, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), Solo Sikoa, and Sami Zayn) (accompanied by Paul Heyman) facing The Brawling Brutes (Sheamus, Ridge Holland, and Butch), Drew McIntyre, and Kevin Owens. Butch and Jey started the match. The Brutes had the WarGames advantage as Holland entered next. As Jimmy attempted to enter, Reigns stopped him and picked Zayn to enter instead to test his loyalty to The Bloodline. The remainder of the entry order went McIntyre, Jimmy, Owens, Sikoa, Sheamus, and finally Reigns. All of The Brutes hit The Bloodline with ten Beats of the Bodhran. As Sheamus went for the Brogue Kick, Reigns hit a Spear on Shemaus, but Butch broke the pin. Jey missed Butch with a superkick and accidentally hit Zayn instead. The Usos hit the 1D off the top rope on Butch, but Holland broke the pin. Reigns drove Holland through a cornered table with a spear. Sikoa put McIntyre through a table with a Spinning Solo. In the climax, Owens hit a pop-up powerbomb and a stunner on Reigns, but Zayn stopped the referee from counting the three. A conflicted Zayn then hit a low blow on Owens followed by a Helluva Kick before catching Owens and shoving him to the mat. Zayn then allowed Jey to hit a Flying Uce on Owens to win the match for The Bloodline. Jey finally accepted Zayn as part of The Bloodline and the team celebrated as Reigns looked pleased with Zayn's actions.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: During the Survivor Series WarGames post-event press conference, Triple H revealed that the event was the highest-grossing Survivor Series of all time and was the most viewed. He also said the event was a complete sellout, and was the highest-grossing gate for WWE in Boston. According to WWE, the event sold 15,609 tickets. However, the company have often been reported to inflate their attendance figures; for example, they include WWE personnel in their numbers. The event's set up was for 13,042 paid seats, with 40 tickets still available just hours before the event. According to Triple H, they kept opening up more seats until they reached max capacity with the staging configuration.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: The event received critical acclaim. Praise was directed to the WarGames matches for their storytelling and long-term booking, Styles vs. Balor, and the US Title Triple Threat match, while Rousey vs. Shotzi received a mixed-to-negative response. Dave Meltzer of the "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" would rate the WarGames matches 4 stars (women's) and 4-and-a-quarter stars (men's), the US Title match 4-and-a-quarter stars, Styles vs. Balor three-and-three-quarters stars, and Rousey vs. Shotzi one star.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: On the following episode of "Raw", The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), Sami Zayn, and Solo Sikoa celebrated The Bloodline's victory, but Kevin Owens interrupted and told Zayn that their friendship was done. Owens then challenged Jey to a match for the main event, which Jey accepted and Owens won. The following week, The Usos were originally scheduled to defend their titles against Matt Riddle and Elias, but Elias was attacked by Sikoa before the show, and was replaced by Owens. The Usos won, but after the match, a brawl between Riddle, Owens, and The Bloodline broke out, which ended when Owens ran off The Usos and Zayn. However, Sikoa viciously attacked Riddle, who left the arena on a stretcher. This was used to write Riddle off television, as he failed another drug test.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Also on "Raw", Becky Lynch celebrated her team's victory and cut a promo from the crowd. Bayley distracted Lynch, which led to Dakota Kai and Iyo Sky brawling with Lynch, which spilled out throughout the arena. The following week, two triple threat matches with Raw Women's Championship implications took place. Bayley won the first, while Bliss won the second after interference from Sky and Kai. On the December 12 episode, Bliss defeated Bayley to become the number one contender for Bianca Belair's Raw Women's Championship.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Mia Yim faced Rhea Ripley, but the match ended in a no-contest when The Judgment Day (Finn Bálor, Damian Priest, and Dominik Mysterio) and The O.C. (AJ Styles, Luke Gallows, and Karl Anderson) interfered. This led to an eight-person mixed tag team match where Judgment Day defeated The O.C. when Ripley pinned Yim.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Also on "Raw", new United States Champion Austin Theory came out to address his win. Seth "Freakin" Rollins interrupted to congratulate Theory and challenged him to a rematch for the title, but Theory refused, stating he would fight on his own time. The following week, after Rollins and Bobby Lashley brawled, it was announced that Rollins would face Lashley on the December 12 episode of "Raw" to determine the number one contender for the U.S. title. Rollins defeated Lashley, and afterwards, Lashley attacked a referee, resulting in him being fired by WWE official Adam Pearce; however, Pearce later took to social media to reverse his decision but said there would be ramifications for Lashley's actions.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: On the following episode of "SmackDown", Sami Zayn credited The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) for securing their team's win; however, The Usos said it was because of Zayn. Sheamus interrupted, leading to a match between Zayn and Sheamus. During the match, a brawl between The Brawling Brutes (Ridge Holland and Butch) and The Bloodline (The Usos and Solo Sikoa) occured at ringside, which allowed Jey to hit Sheamus with a Superkick and give Zayn the win. The following week, The Usos successfully retained their titles against Sheamus and Butch after interference from Zayn and Sikoa. Afterwards, it was announced that Roman Reigns would return on the December 16 episode of "SmackDown". There, it was revealed that Reigns and Zayn would face Owens and a partner of his choosing on the December 30 episode of "SmackDown" with Owens choosing John Cena as his partner, marking Cena's first televised match since SummerSlam in 2021, as well as his only match in 2022.


title: Survivor Series WarGames

text: Also on "SmackDown", Damage CTRL (Bayley, Dakota Kai, and Iyo Sky) gave a promo to address their loss to Team Belair. However, Liv Morgan and a returning Tegan Nox (in her first appearance since being released from WWE in November 2021) attacked Damage CTRL, forcing them to retreat. On the December 16 episode, Morgan and Nox challenged Kai and Sky for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship in a losing effort after interference from a hooded figure, which was later revealed to be Xia Li.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Keith Robert Gillespie (born 18 February 1975) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who plays as a winger for FC Mindwell in the Mid-Ulster Football League.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: He began his career at Manchester United after winning the FA Youth Cup in 1992, before moving to Newcastle United, where he played in the UEFA Champions League. Gillespie also played in the Premier League for Blackburn Rovers, Leicester City and Sheffield United, helping Blackburn win the Football League Cup in 2002. Towards the end of his career, he played for Glentoran in the Irish League and Longford Town in the League of Ireland.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie earned 86 caps for Northern Ireland between 1994 and 2008, putting him 6th in their most capped players of all time. He had well-publicised issues with problem gambling during his career, and has since spoken out about gambling.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie was born in Larne, County Antrim. His first years were spent in Islandmagee, County Antrim where he attended Whitehead Primary School. He later moved to Bangor, County Down where he attended Rathmore Primary School and Bangor Grammar School. He was scouted playing for St Andrews FC from Belfast, and was the first professional footballer to come from this club.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie signed for Manchester United on leaving school in the summer of 1991, being a member of the FA Youth Cup winning side in 1992. Also in that team were Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes, David Beckham, Gary Neville and Robbie Savage.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie made his first senior appearance for Manchester United in the 1992–93 season. He scored on his debut against Bury in a 2–0 FA Cup third round triumph on 5 January 1993. He was issued with the number 31 shirt for the 1993–94 season with the introduction of squad numbers, but did not play any first team games and was loaned to Division Three club Wigan Athletic, scoring four goals in eight games.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Occasional appearances for United followed in 1994–95, but he was never able to displace Andrei Kanchelskis as United's first-choice right winger.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: He moved to Newcastle United on 10 January 1995, as a £1 million component in the £7 million deal (£6 million cash) which took Andrew Cole to Old Trafford. Gillespie had scored one of United's goals against Newcastle in the 2–0 victory at Old Trafford. This meant that he had scored twice for Manchester United in three seasons as a professional.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: On 20 August 1995, the "News of the World" carried reports that Gillespie was subject of an approach from Alex Ferguson to return to Manchester United to fill the gap on the right wing being left by the sale of Andrei Kanchelskis to Everton, but the return to Old Trafford never happened and United instead turned to up-and-coming youngster David Beckham to occupy that position. 18 years later, Gillespie confirmed that Ferguson did contact him regarding a possible return to Manchester United, but claims that he heard nothing more about the prospective transfer after that original telephone conversation with his former manager.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie stayed at Newcastle for three-and-a-half years and during this time he played 143 games, including 15 European ties (in both the Champions League and UEFA Cup) and scored 13 goals. In both the 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons he helped Newcastle to finish second in the Premier League (runners up to Gillespie's former club, Manchester United, on both occasions), being a key member of "The Entertainers". On the first occasion, the Magpies very nearly beat Gillespie's old club to the title, having been 10 points ahead of them by Christmas 1995 before a dismal final three months of the season saw the title sealed by Gillespie's former team mates. Initially injured from a Phil Neville tackle in a 0–2 defeat at Old Trafford on 27 December 1995 causing him to miss the following three games, at the end of the 1995–96 season Gary Lineker, then a BBC pundit, said that one of the main reasons that Newcastle lost out on the title race was because they dropped Gillespie (who had been supplying Newcastle's forwards with a stream of good crosses) for several key games in the latter part of the season.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In September 1996, Gillespie was outed as a problem gambler by "The Sun". He then accepted a £5,000 payment by the same tabloid to publicly thank them for helping out his problem. Gillespie has publicly said that he would bet on matches involving his own team, and once lost £52,000 because he had bet on Newcastle scored a late goal and he had bet on them beating Stoke City by under four goals.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In his final full season at Newcastle, the 1997–98 season, Gillespie assisted two of Faustino Asprilla's three goals in a 3–2 Champions League victory over FC Barcelona on 17 September 1997. He also scored what he later claimed was his best goal for the club when playing up front due to an injury crisis at home to Blackburn Rovers in 1-1 draw on 25 October 1997. He also helped Newcastle to reach the FA Cup final. However, a foot injury sustained in a 0–2 defeat at Tottenham Hotspur on 25 April 1998 meant, despite a fitness test, he was not in the squad for the final and Newcastle lost to Arsenal. Despite being in manager Kenny Dalglish's plans, the following pre-season Gillespie failed a medical at Middlesbrough but eventually departed Tyneside in a £2.3 million move to Blackburn Rovers following the appointment of Ruud Gullit as manager and a final appearance in a 2–2 draw at Middlesbrough on 6 December 1998.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie was unable to help Blackburn avoid relegation in 1998–99, and manager Brian Kidd was sacked later in the year. Gillespie was initially out of favour with new manager Graeme Souness, and another loan spell at Wigan Athletic brought his total appearances for Athletic to 15, from which he scored four goals. He returned to the Blackburn side for the final months of the 2000–01 season, as the club gained promotion back to the Premier League. He also started in the 2002 Football League Cup Final, setting up a goal by Matt Jansen in the 2–1 victory over Tottenham Hotspur. Five seasons at Ewood Park brought 137 appearances and 6 goals.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie moved to newly promoted Leicester City on a free transfer on 8 July 2003, signing a two-year contract. He played 48 games and scored two goals in two seasons.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In March 2004, Gillespie and teammates Frank Sinclair and Paul Dickov were held in a prison cell for a week in La Manga, Spain, while charges were made against six more Leicester players. All nine men were cleared when forensic tests proved that none of them had any contact with the three women who accused them.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie signed for Sheffield United on 5 August 2005, signing a one-year contract. This was then extended to June 2007 a month later. In his first season at the club, Gillespie played a role in Sheffield United's successful promotion campaign to the Premier League. Gillespie's most memorable goal for Sheffield United came against Charlton, where he scored the winner in the 88th minute with a stunning volley from 25 yards. This goal was also a nominee for the December "Goal of the Month" competition, which Paul Scholes eventually won.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: On 20 January 2007, during a Premier League match against Reading at the Madejski Stadium, Gillespie was sent off for violent conduct, "throwing an elbow in the direction of" Reading's Stephen Hunt, "within 10 seconds" of coming on as a substitute - play had not even restarted following the substitution. As he made his way off the pitch, Gillespie "threw another punch" at Hunt. He submitted a transfer request soon afterwards, but in July of that year Gillespie recanted and signed a new two-year contract.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In July 2008, he limped out of a pre-season friendly at Bury and missed the start of the 2008–09 season. Having regained fitness he was unable to regain a first team place and was eventually loaned out to Charlton Athletic. He made only six appearances for the Addicks before being recalled to Bramall Lane as cover for mounting injuries.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Despite being recalled to Sheffield United, Gillespie failed to make another appearance and on 30 January 2009 his contract was terminated by mutual consent. He went to Bradford City with whose manager Stuart McCall; Gillespie had been a teammate at Sheffield United. However, McCall insisted Gillespie was only training with the club to stay fit and help out the younger players, and not on trial.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie impressed McCall during training and told the manager he was very keen to gain match experience; as a result, Gillespie signed for Bradford City in March for the rest of the 2008–09 season. Gillespie was an unused substitute in their 1–0 defeat to Exeter City and so had to wait for his debut which came as a second-half substitute with City already 4–1 down to AFC Bournemouth three days later. After just three appearances Gillespie was not offered a long-term deal by Bradford City. In the summer of 2009 he had a trial with Hungarian side Ferencváros and had been linked with a move to the IFA Premiership.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In 2009, Gillespie made a shock move to the east Belfast club, Glentoran. It was believed that Gillespie's agents approached Glentoran. He made his debut for Glentoran against Ballymena United in the league, he had previously played for Glentoran the night before for the reserves against Ballymena; Glentoran lost 2–1 in his 1st senior appearance for, at the time, the current league champions. In June 2010, the club announced that Gillespie was to leave after just one season after he and the club failed to agree terms on a new deal.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In August 2010, Gillespie's former international teammate Michael O'Neill invited him to play in a friendly for Shamrock Rovers in a reserve game against his first club, Manchester United.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: In October 2010, Gillespie joined up with Conference National side Darlington, later signing with the club. He made three appearances before being released on 23 December 2010.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: On 24 March 2011, Gillespie signed for League of Ireland First Division side Longford Town. Gillespie made his debut from the bench in a local derby against Athlone Town on 2 April with Gillespie's new side coming out on top by two goals to nil.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: He was named on the League of Ireland First Division team of the season for 2012 and was also awarded Longford Town F.C. player of the year, as they lost in the promotion playoffs to Waterford United.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie scored his one and only Longford goal in May 2013 against Cobh Ramblers. Injuries hampered Gillespie during the 2013 season and he announced his retirement prior to the season's end. His final appearance was as a substitute during Longford's 3–1 victory at home to Finn Harps on 7 September 2013.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie came out of retirement in 2020, aged 45, to play for newly-formed Mid-Ulster Football League side FC Mindwell, a team set up to raise awareness of mental health issues.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie is currently sixth place in the list of appearances for Northern Ireland with 86 caps. He made his debut in September 1994 in a 2–1 home defeat by Portugal. He played an important role in his country's 3–2 qualifying win against Spain at Windsor Park on 6 September 2006. Gillespie was investigated by the Irish FA for his involvement in a fracas with George McCartney on the trip back home from a game in Iceland in September 2007. He was not involved with the Northern Ireland set-up since being omitted from the squad that faced San Marino in February 2009. His final cap was won in a 2–0 defeat by Hungary at Windsor Park in November 2008.


title: Keith Gillespie

text: Gillespie was declared legally bankrupt on 1 October 2010 by the Belfast High Court. In 2013, he released his autobiography, "How Not to Be a Football Millionaire", in which he describes his gambling addiction, estimating he lost more than £7 million. Reviewer Robbie Meredith of "When Saturday Comes" wrote that "It is too cliched to claim that Gillespie achieves redemption at the end of his tale. Rather he gains the uncertain gift of a better understanding of himself. In doing so, he provides a compelling glimpse into the dark void inherent in the modern age of adrenaline-fuelled football celebrity". Gillespie has supported the Gambling with Lives charity, which calls for tighter regulation of gambling and offers support for people with gambling problems.


title: Honda CRF series

text: The Honda CRF series is a line of four-stroke motocross, trail, and dual sport motorcycles manufactured and marketed by Honda.


title: Honda CRF series

text: The CRF line was launched in 2000 as a successor to the Honda CR series. The full sized motocross bikes are equipped with liquid-cooled, single cylinder four-stroke engines that are available from to . They now have dual-sport motorcycles. The more trail friendly CRF's have simple air-cooled engines, and are available from to . The Honda CRF450R was the first in the series, followed by the CRF250R in 2004. Further down the line, the CRF450X and CRF250X bikes emerged, both designed for mostly off-road use. They are considered among the best motorcross bikes of their class, and have been a leading seller since their introduction.


title: Honda CRF series

text: The engines in these bikes use an over-square design, which means that the diameter of the cylinder is larger than the stroke of the piston. This allows for higher engine speeds and a reduction of reciprocating mass for a given displacement. Another technology that is used is short piston skirts. The "skirt" area of the piston is the portion on the side of the piston which comes into contact with the cylinder wall and aids piston stability. While the introduction of the shorter skirt on the piston helps to reduce reciprocating mass, it also leads to more "rocking" of the piston, or minute unwanted rotation of the piston around the axis of its wrist pin. This leads to more frequent maintenance intervals for the pistons, piston rings, and cylinder walls.


title: Honda CRF series

text: As of 2021, the CRF-F series includes the CRF50F, CRF110F, CRF125F, CRF125F (Big Wheel), CRF230F and CRF250F.


title: Honda CRF series

text: For the 2019 Model year the CRF 110F, CRF125F, and CRF250F all come standard with electronic fuel injection. This improves cold weather starting and makes the bike easier to maintain because of the lack of a carburetor to clean.


title: Honda CRF series

text: Simple, air-cooled 4-stroke motorcycles. Typically, these bikes come in low-power and confidence inspiring configurations for new market entrants.


title: Honda CRF series

text: In all, Honda has made a CRF50F, CRF70F, CRF80F, CRF100F, CRF110F, CRF125F, CRF125FB, CRF150F, CRF230F, and a CRF250F.


title: Honda CRF series

text: The CRF70F, CRF80F, CRF100F, CRF150F and the CRF230F have been discontinued. The 70 was replaced by the 110, the 80 and 100 were replaced by the 125, and the 150F does not have a replacement and the 230 was replaced by the 250F.


title: Honda CRF series

text: These liquid-cooled four-stroke machines were designed to be utilized purely for closed-course motorcross racing. The CRF-R lineup lacks any extra accessories; like lights and electric start (Although offered as an option on the 2017 CRF-450R).


title: Honda CRF series

text: This machine was built as a CRF-450R that was optimized for hare scramble, hard enduro, GNCC style racing. Essentially the same as the CRF-450R except offered as standard equipment an electric start, larger fuel tank, and an 18-inch rear wheel. This bike is to bridge the gap between the more mild X-model and the closed-course race style R model. (First model year: 2017)


title: Honda CRF series

text: These bikes have electric start, but are still considered race bikes, albeit for off-road rather than motocross. Differences from the R models include lighting, electric start, suspension settings, engine and exhaust tuning for more low-end torque, larger fuel tanks, and a more rugged widespread ratio transmission. Robby Bell won the San Felipe 250 in 2006, 2007 and 2008.


title: Honda CRF series

text: As of 2012, the CRF-L series includes the CRF150L, CRF190L, CRF250L/CRF300L, CRF450RL and the CRF1100L "Africa Twin".


title: Honda CRF series

text: In 2008, the CRF230L was introduced as an entry-level dual sport and was street legal from the factory, but still retained a dirt-oriented design. All have full lighting and electric starters. They have a different frame and engine from Honda's other CRF formats, and most other components are not shared with the other CRF(non-street-legal) motorcycles. These different components meet emissions and government road regulations. Outside of the United States, the CRF230L was marketed as the XR230L. It was discontinued in 2009.


title: Honda CRF series

text: In April 2012, the completely redesigned dual-purpose CRF250L was launched in Japan. It shares a liquid-cooled 249 cc 4-stroke DOHC single-cylinder EFI engine with the CBR250R. It is manufactured in Thailand.


title: Honda CRF series

text: In November 2017, the "150 cc" model called CRF150L was launched in Indonesia. It shares an air-cooled 149 cc 4-stroke SOHC single-cylinder EFI engine with the Verza. It is manufactured by Astra Honda Motor.


title: Honda CRF series

text: In 2008, the CRF230L was the first to offer a supermoto version of the original dual sport, which had several mechanical and cosmetic differences including:


title: Honda CRF series

text: In April 2013, exactly one year after the initial launch of the CRF250L, Honda announced plans to sell a supermoto version of their dual-purpose motorcycle in Europe. The CRF250M is based on the popular dual-purpose CRF250L, with revised suspension, uprated front brake and 17-inch wheels with wider road tyres. The CRF250M adds another A2 licence-friendly machine to Honda's line-up.


title: Philosophy of law

text: Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that examines the nature of law and law's relationship to other systems of norms, especially ethics and political philosophy. It asks questions like "What is law?", "What are the criteria for legal validity?", and "What is the relationship between law and morality?" Philosophy of law and jurisprudence are often used interchangeably, though jurisprudence sometimes encompasses forms of reasoning that fit into economics or sociology.


title: Philosophy of law

text: Philosophy of law can be sub-divided into analytical jurisprudence, and normative jurisprudence. Analytical jurisprudence aims to define what law is and what it is not by identifying law's essential features. Normative jurisprudence investigates both the non-legal norms that shape law and the legal norms that are generated by law and guide human action.


title: Philosophy of law

text: Unlike experimental jurisprudence, which investigates the content our folk legal concepts using the methods of social science, analytical jurisprudence seeks to provide a general account of the nature of law through the tools of conceptual analysis. The account is general in the sense of targeting universal features of law that hold at all times and places. Whereas lawyers are interested in what the law is on a specific issue in a specific jurisdiction, philosophers of law are interested in identifying the features of law shared across cultures, times, and places. Taken together, these foundational features of law offer the kind of universal definition philosophers are after. The general approach allows philosophers to ask questions about, for example, what separates law from morality, politics, or practical reason. Often, scholars in the field presume that law has a unique set of features that separate it from other phenomena, though not all share the presumption.


title: Philosophy of law

text: While the field has traditionally focused on giving an account of law's nature, some scholars have begun to examine the nature of domains within law, e.g. tort law, contract law, or criminal law. These scholars focus on what makes certain domains of law distinctive and how one domain differs from another. A particularly fecund area of research has been the distinction between tort law and criminal law, which more generally bears on the difference between civil and criminal law.


title: Philosophy of law

text: Several schools of thought have developed around the nature of law, the most influential of which are:


title: Philosophy of law

text: In recent years, debates about the nature of law have become increasingly fine-grained. One important debate exists within legal positivism about the separability of law and morality. Exclusive legal positivists claim that the legal validity of a norm never depends on its moral correctness. Inclusive legal positivists claim that moral considerations "may" determine the legal validity of a norm, but that it is not necessary that this is the case. Positivism began as an inclusivist theory; but influential exclusive legal positivists, including Joseph Raz, John Gardner, and Leslie Green, later rejected the idea.


title: Philosophy of law

text: A second important debate, often called the "Hart–Dworkin debate", concerns the battle between the two most dominant schools in the late 20th and early 21st century, legal interpretivism and legal positivism.


title: Philosophy of law

text: In addition to analytic jurisprudence, legal philosophy is also concerned with normative theories of law. "Normative jurisprudence involves normative, evaluative, and otherwise prescriptive questions about the law." For example, What is the goal or purpose of law? What moral or political theories provide a foundation for the law? Three approaches have been influential in contemporary moral and political philosophy, and these approaches are reflected in normative theories of law:


title: Philosophy of law

text: There are many other normative approaches to the philosophy of law, including critical legal studies and libertarian theories of law.


title: Philosophy of law

text: Philosophers of law are also concerned with a variety of philosophical problems that arise in particular legal subjects, such as constitutional law, Contract law, Criminal law, and Tort law. Thus, philosophy of law addresses such diverse topics as theories of contract law, theories of criminal punishment, theories of tort liability, and the question of whether judicial review is justified.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The 2010–11 season was Associazione Calcio Milan's 77th season in Serie A, and their 28th consecutive season in the top flight of Italian football. It was the first season under new head coach Massimiliano Allegri, who replaced Leonardo, and with new shirt sponsors Fly Emirates, after four seasons with Bwin.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan secured their 18th Serie A title – their first since 2003–04 – following a goalless draw away against Roma on 7 May. The club also competed in the Champions League, being knocked out by Tottenham Hotspur in the round of 16, and took part in the Coppa Italia, being eliminated by Palermo in the semi-finals.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: For the second-straight year, Milan opened their pre-season by taking on Varese in an away game, on 25 July. Unlike the previous year, however, they suffered a 2–0 defeat, with first-half goals from Daniele Buzzegoli and Marco Cellini.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: As part of the Emirates Cup, Milan then played two friendlies against Arsenal and Lyon at the Emirates Stadium, London, on 31 July and 1 August respectively. Both games finished 1–1. Alexandre Pato headed an equalizer late in the second half against Arsenal, after the English club had gone ahead through Marouane Chamakh. Meanwhile, Marco Borriello opened the scoring against Lyon before Jimmy Briand tied the game with 12 minutes to play. The tournament was eventually won by Arsenal.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The "Rossoneri" later traveled to the United States to face Greek side Panathinaikos in Detroit on 6 August. The first 90 minutes ended in a scoreless draw, though early in the second half the Greeks had a goal disallowed despite the ball having crossed the line. Without extra time, the game went straight to penalties where Milan won 5–3, with Daniele Bonera converting the deciding spot-kick.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Following the club's return to Italy, on 13 August, they took part in the TIM Trophy, held in Bari, along with Internazionale and Juventus. In the first of two 45-minute matches, Milan faced Juventus, who had previously been defeated by Inter; Ronaldinho opened the scoring in the 20th minute, but Juventus later equalized through Diego, setting the final score at 1–1. Penalties were taken to assign one extra point for the tournament standings and Milan won 4–2, as goalkeeper Marco Amelia completed two saves. The second and deciding game against Inter finished in a goalless draw, again forcing penalties. Misfires by Mathieu Flamini, Filippo Inzaghi and Ronaldinho resulted in a 3–2 loss, and the trophy was awarded to Inter.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Juventus were also Milan's opponents in the annual Trofeo Luigi Berlusconi, held at the San Siro on 22 August. The match finished scoreless after 90 minutes and the winners had to be decided by penalties. Juventus won on penalties 5–4, as Thiago Silva was the only player to miss from the spot.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan concluded their pre-season on 25 August, taking on Barcelona in the 45th edition of the Joan Gamper Trophy. After a goalless first half, David Villa opened the scoring for Barcelona only two minutes into the second half. Inzaghi equalized in the 67th minute with a volley off a cross by Clarence Seedorf, setting the final score to 1–1 and sending the game to penalties, which Barcelona won 3–1 to lift the trophy.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: During the league winter break, Milan traveled to Dubai where they resumed their trainings and played a friendly match against local club Al-Ahli on 2 January 2011. The match ended 2–1 for the "Rossoneri", who opened the scoring through Clarence Seedorf late in the first half, and then doubled their lead through youth team striker Giacomo Beretta in the 73rd minute, before the hosts pulled one back with a 25-yard strike by Hasan Ali.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The fixtures for the current Serie A season were announced by the Serie A on 28 July. Milan began their league campaign by cruising past newly promoted Lecce at the San Siro on Sunday, 29 August. The "Rossoneri" took the lead after 16 minutes with an angled drive by Alexandre Pato. Soon after, Thiago Silva scrambled home a corner, before Pato grabbed his second goal of the night, setting the score to 3–0 by the 28th minute. There was little action in the second half until shortly before the final whistle, when Filippo Inzaghi made it 4–0. After the first round of league games, Milan topped the table on goal difference.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After a two-week break for international play, Milan traveled to the Stadio Dino Manuzzi to face another newly promoted team, Cesena. The match was much anticipated, as it would feature the debut of new signings Zlatan Ibrahimović and Robinho. It turned out to be a disappointing night for the "Rossoneri", however, who lost 2–0. After missing a couple of early chances with Ronaldinho and Thiago Silva and having a goal disallowed for offside, they went behind in the 31st minute, as Erjon Bogdani headed in a cross from Ezequiel Schelotto. One minute before half-time, Cesena doubled their lead through Emanuele Giaccherini on a fast paced counter-attack. Milan had another goal called off early in the second half, this time for handball, but in the end were unable to score, with Ibrahimović missing a penalty in the late stages of the game.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Only three days after defeating Auxerre in Champions League, Milan took on Catania at the San Siro. The Sicilians opened the scoring in the 27th minute through Ciro Capuano, who fired a 30-yard strike past Christian Abbiati. Moments before the interval, Milan equalised with a goal from Filippo Inzaghi. After a scoreless second half, the game ended in a 1–1 draw. It went no better on the following Wednesday, as Milan recorded another 1–1 draw in a mid-week game against Lazio. The "Rossoneri" went ahead in the 66th minute thanks to Ibrahimović. Clarence Seedorf played a long through-ball to the Swede, who dribbled goalkeeper Fernando Muslera and scored. The hosts equalised with nine minutes to play through a first-time shot by Sergio Floccari on Hernanes' cross. In the last minutes, both teams missed the chance to claim the victory: Gianluca Zambrotta hit the crossbar with a powerful strike from just outside the box, while Hernanes was denied by a save from Abbiati.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan returned to winning ways by defeating Genoa 1–0 at home on Saturday, 25 September. The lone goal was scored by Ibrahimović in the 49th minute. The Swede striker chased a long ball by Andrea Pirlo and managed to stuck his leg between defenders Dario Dainelli and Andrea Ranocchia to kick the ball over the head of goalkeeper Eduardo, who only managed to palm it into the net. Milan repeated themselves the following Saturday, beating Parma, to get their first away victory of the season. The only scorer was Pirlo with a 35-yard shot in the 25th minute.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After the second break for internationals of the season, Milan defeated Chievo 3–1 at home on Saturday, 16 October. Pato opened the scoring for the "Rossoneri" in the 18th minute with a one-time shot off an Ibrahimović cross. The Brazilian scored again twelve minutes later, following a quick free kick by Ibrahimović. In the second half, Chievo pulled one back, as a header from Sergio Pellissier was deflected by Ibrahimović into his own net. Milan's third and final goal was scored by Robinho in stoppage time.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan claimed a fourth consecutive win in the league, as they beat Napoli at the San Paolo on Monday, 25 October. The "Rossoneri" went ahead in the 22nd minute through Robinho, who played a one-two with Massimo Oddo and shot the ball past Napoli goalkeeper Morgan De Sanctis from just inside the penalty area. Zlatan Ibrahimović headed in a cross by Oddo to double the lead in the 71st minute. With 12 minutes to play, Napoli pulled one back through Ezequiel Lavezzi, but Milan managed to resist and eventually won 2–1.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan's winning streak came to an end on Saturday, 30 October, when they played host to Juventus and were defeated 2–1. The "Rossoneri" had a good start, but failed to score: Zlatan Ibrahimović hit the crossbar with a 25-yard shot in the seventh minute, while Pato was called offside moments later when he was one-on-one with the goalkeeper. The visitors then took lead in the 24th minute through Fabio Quagliarella, who headed in a cross from Paolo De Ceglie. Despite Milan's efforts to equalise, Juventus doubled their lead midway in the second half through Alessandro Del Piero. Eight minutes before the end, Ibrahimović scored Milan's lone goal of the evening, a header off Luca Antonini's cross, which could not prevent the loss.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Four days after drawing against Real Madrid in the Champions League, Milan traveled to the San Nicola to take on Bari. The "Rossoneri" quickly went ahead, as Massimo Ambrosini headed in a cross by Clarence Seedorf in the fourth minute. Shortly after the half-hour mark, Milan doubled their lead through Mathieu Flamini, who received the ball from Zlatan Ibrahimović inside the penalty area and put it past Bari goalkeeper Jean-François Gillet into the net. The hosts pulled one back in the 65th minute with a goal from Vitali Kutuzov, but seven minutes later Pato made it 3–1 following a pass from Seedorf, before a late goal from Barreto set the final score to 3–2. The "Rossoneri" subsequently claimed a midweek home victory over Palermo. Pato opened the scoring, heading in a corner by Seedorf in the 19th minute. The visitors equalised 18 minutes in the second half through Armin Bačinović, whose 25-yard strike surprised goalkeeper Christian Abbiati. Milan, however, were awarded a penalty in 77th minute, as Palermo 'keeper Salvatore Sirigu brought down Ambrosini. Ibrahimović stepped up and scored for Milan to regain the lead. Seven minutes before time, Robinho made it 3–1 and sealed the win, which meant Milan were back at the top of the table, one point ahead Lazio.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: At the following weekend, Milan were to face Internazionale in the first "Derby della Madonnina" of the season, which the "Rossoneri" had lost on the last three occasions. Only five minutes into the game, Zlatan Ibrahimović was awarded a penalty for being taken down by Marco Materazzi; Ibrahimović himself converted the spot-kick to put Milan ahead. Despite being left with ten men, as Ignazio Abate was sent off in the 60th minute, Milan managed to maintain the lead and claimed a third straight victory. Milan then played host to Fiorentina on 20 November. A goal from Ibrahimović shortly before half-time was enough for Milan to claim a 1–0 victory. The Swedish striker chested a cross from Thiago Silva inside the penalty area and scored in the bottom right corner with an overhead kick.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After clinching qualification to the knockout stage of the Champions League in mid-week, Milan traveled to Genoa to face Sampdoria on Saturday, 27 November. Despite Milan going ahead shortly before the interval through Robinho, who combined with Ibrahimović and scored from inside the box, the hosts managed to equalise on the hour with a goal by Giampaolo Pazzini, setting the final score to 1–1.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan returned to winning ways defeating Brescia 3–0 at home in the first game of December, on the fourth. The "Rossoneri" took lead four minutes from the kick-off: Zlatan Ibrahimović combined with Massimo Ambrosini on the left wing and sent a low cross into the goal area to Kevin-Prince Boateng, who volleyed the ball in for his first goal since joining the club in August. Shortly before the half-hour mark, Robinho doubled Milan's lead after intercepting a back pass from a Brescia player. Three minutes later, Ibrahimović scored the third and final goal with a powerful strike from just inside the box.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Three days after playing the last match of the Champions League group stage against Ajax, Milan travelled to the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara to face Bologna. The "Rossoneri" took the lead in the ninth minute with a goal by Boateng, who just like the previous week volleyed into the net a cross from Ibrahimović. Milan doubled their lead ten minutes before half time through Robinho, who beat the goalkeeper following a through-ball by Boateng. Right on the hour mark, Andrea Pirlo played a pin-pointed cross to Ibrahimović, who controlled the ball into the penalty area and scored into the low right corner, sealing Milan's second straight 3–0 win. But in the last match before a three-week winter break, Milan lost 1–0 to Roma at the San Siro, the lone goal being scored by former "Rossonero" striker Marco Borriello.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The league resumed on Thursday, 6 January; Milan traveled to the Stadio Sant'Elia to take on Cagliari. After a scoreless first half, during which the hosts hit the woodwork once, Milan went on to win the game thanks to the first career goal by 20-year-old Sierra Leonean midfielder Rodney Strasser five minutes before time. New signing Antonio Cassano, at his first official appearance for the club, provided the assist for the goal. Three days later, Milan played host to Udinese at the San Siro. The visitors took the lead in the 35th minute through Antonio Di Natale, who slid the ball into an empty net after Gökhan Inler hit the post; but the "Rossoneri" equalised in first-half injury time with Pato, who scored following a low cross by Ibrahimović. Udinese regained the lead eight minutes into the second half with a header by Alexis Sánchez and went ahead 3–1 when Di Natale scored his second of the day. Milan, however, pulled one back in the 78th minute, as Mehdi Benatia headed a cross by Thiago Silva into his own net, and equalised four minutes later through Pato, who had been set up by Cassano. With only one minute remaining, Germán Denis put Udinese ahead once again on a counter-attack, but in injury time Cassano set up Ibrahimović to make it 4–4. Despite the draw, Milan topped the table at the halfway mark.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan were held to a second straight draw, 1–1 away against Lecce. The "Rossoneri" took the lead at the beginning of the second half with a 25-yard strike by Ibrahimović, but Rubén Olivera equalised for the host eight minutes before time.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After a victory over Bari in the Coppa Italia round of 16 in mid-week, Milan returned to winning ways in the league too, by defeating Cesena 2–0 at home on 23 January. The "Rossoneri" took the lead in the last minute of the first half, when Cesena defender Maximiliano Pellegrino slid the ball into his own net while attempting to prevent Ibrahimović from shooting, following a cross by Cassano. The second goal came in injury time, as Robinho played a through-ball to Ibrahimović who put it past the goalkeeper from inside the penalty area.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Three days after knocking Sampdoria out of the Coppa Italia quarter-finals, Milan traveled to Sicily to take on Catania on 29 January. Despite going down to ten men in the second half following Mark van Bommel's ejection, the "Rossoneri" managed to take the lead two minutes before the hour mark through Robinho, who converted a loose ball after Ibrahimović's free-kick was saved. The hosts then created more scoring opportunities, but did not manage to find an equaliser and instead, five minutes from time, Ibrahimović made it 2–0 and sealed the win. The following Tuesday, Milan were held to a scoreless home draw by Lazio in a mid-week game.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The "Rossoneri" were forced to another draw on Sunday, 6 February, when they faced Genoa at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris. Milan had taken the lead shortly before the half-hour mark through Pato, who converted a low cross by Ibrahimović, but the hosts equalised in first-half injury time with a goal by Antonio Floro Flores from deep inside the penalty area.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: At the following weekend, Milan cruised past Parma at home. The "Rossoneri" took the lead in the eighth minute through Clarence Seedorf, who dribbled the opponents' goalkeeper following a pass by Ibrahimović. Less than ten minutes later, Antonio Cassano made it 2–0 after a combination with Gennaro Gattuso. In the second half, Robinho, who had just come on, scored Milan's third and fourth goal to seal the win.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After suffering a defeat by Tottenham Hotspur in the Champions League round of 16 in mid-week, Milan managed to snap up a second consecutive league win, a 2–1 away at Chievo on Sunday, 20 February. The "Rossoneri" opened the scoring in the 25th minute: Ibrahimović headed Antonio Cassano's cross to Robinho, who chested the ball and scored in the bottom corner from inside the goal area. The hosts equalised shortly after the hour mark, as Gélson Fernandes headed in Kévin Constant's cross from ten yards. Milan, however, found the winning goal eight minutes from time, thanks to a solo effort by substitute Pato.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan went on to claim a third straight victory over second-placed Napoli at home on Monday, 28 February. After a scoreless first half, the "Rossoneri" went ahead in the 49th minute, as Ibrahimović converted a penalty awarded for a handball by Salvatore Aronica. Kevin-Prince Boateng doubled Milan's lead in the 77th minute, volleying the ball into the net off Pato's low cross and two minutes later Pato himself sealed the win, making it 3–0 with a strike from outside the box. The victory saw Milan move five points clear of Internazionale at the top of the table, while Napoli dropped to third, one point behind Inter.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The "Rossoneri" won again the following Saturday, snapping up a 1–0 victory in Turin against Juventus. The lone goal was scored by Gennaro Gattuso midway through the second half, as his left footed attempt from the edge of the penalty area was not held by Juventus goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After being knocked-out from the Champions League earlier in the week, Milan's four-game winning streak in the league was halted by a 1–1 home draw against Bari on 13 March. The visitors took the lead late in the first half through Gergely Rudolf, following a free-kick by Sergio Almirón. Milan's equaliser in the very first minutes of the second half was called off, due to Robinho being in an offside position. On the hour mark, the "Rossoneri" had another goal disallowed for handball, as Ibrahimović had controlled the ball with his arm. Later on, Ibrahimović was ejected for hitting Bari defender Marco Rossi. Despite Milan being left to ten men, Antonio Cassano scored the equaliser eight minutes from time, volleying Luca Antonini's cross into the net.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: With their top goalscorer Ibrahimović serving the first of a two-game ban, Milan suffered a 1–0 defeat against Palermo at the Stadio Renzo Barbera on 19 March. The hosts' goal was scored by defender Dorin Goian, who chested the ball inside the six-yard box following a corner kick and put it past Milan goalkeeper Christian Abbiati.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The loss against Palermo meant that Milan's gap over cross-city rivals Inter at the top of the table was reduced to two points, before the two side met in the second "Derby della Madonnina" of the season on Saturday, 2 April. The game got off to a quick start, with Milan taking the lead after only 45 seconds: Gattuso sent a through ball to Robinho and as the Brazilian tried to dribble Inter goalkeeper Júlio César, the ball was deflected towards Pato, who stroked it in. Ten minutes later, the "Rossoneri" claimed a penalty when a shot by Clarence Seedorf was stopped with an arm by defender Maicon, but the referee let play continue. Shortly before half-time, Inter had a couple of a chance to tie, first with a header by Thiago Motta that was saved by Abbiati, then with Samuel Eto'o, who fired wide from a few yards. Ten minutes into the second half, Inter was left down to ten men, as Cristian Chivu was sent off for a last-man foul. Milan subsequently doubled their lead in the 62nd minute through Pato, who scored his second goal of the night with a header off Ignazio Abate's cross. In the last minute, Milan was awarded a penalty which Antonio Cassano converted, setting the final score to 3–0. Cassano, however, was ejected in injury time after receiving a second yellow card. The win allowed Milan to retain their lead at the top of the Serie A table, three points clear of Napoli and five points clear of Inter, with seven games remaining.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan went on to seize a second consecutive victory against Fiorentina in Florence on Sunday, 10 April. The "Rossoneri" took the lead as soon as the eight-minute, with Seedorf sending into the net a through-ball by Pato. Pato himself then scored Milan's second goal four minutes from half time, after a combination between Ibrahimović and Kevin-Prince Boateng. The hosts pulled one back with 11 minutes to go, when Juan Manuel Vargas's shot from outside the box was deflected into his own net by Gattuso. Despite being left down to ten men, as Ibrahimović was ejected in the 87th minute, Milan managed to hold on and snap up a 2–1 win.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The following weekend, Milan played host to Sampdoria. Despite the visitors having the first big chance of the game, it was Milan who took the lead in the 20th minute, with a 25-yard free-kick by Clarence Seedorf. In the second half, the "Rossoneri" doubled their lead with a penalty converted by Antonio Cassano, who had replaced an injured Pato shortly before the break. Cassano then also set up Robinho for Milan's third and final goal with less than half an hour to go. As both Napoli and Inter lost their respective games, Milan extended their lead at the top of the table to six points, with five games remaining.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Three days after playing the first leg of the Coppa Italia semi-finals, Milan claimed a fourth-straight win in the league on Saturday, 23 April. The "Rossoneri" defeated Brescia 1–0 at the Stadio Rigamonti with a late goal by Robinho, despite the hosts creating several dangerous chances throughout the second half. Since second-placed Napoli lost their game that same day and dropped to third behind Inter, Milan's lead was extended to eight points, with four games to play. Milan then seized their fifth win in a row by defeating Bologna 1–0 at home on Sunday, 1 May. The lone goal of the match was scored by Mathieu Flamini in the eighth minute: the Frenchman received a through ball inside the box and after having his first shot saved by the opponent goalkeeper, he managed to score off the rebound.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan traveled to the Stadio Olimpico to take on Roma in their third-to-last league game of the season on 7 May. Due to their eight-point lead, a draw would have been enough for the "Rossoneri" to secure the title. The hosts created more scoring chances in the first half, yet being unable to score. After the break, Milan was more aggressive and had goal opportunities of their own. In particular, Robinho hit the post with a strike from just inside the box and Boateng fired off wide one-on-one against the opponent goalkeeper. The game eventually ended in a scoreless draw, which allowed to secure the 18th Serie A title of their history.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: A week later, Milan celebrated the title with a 4–1 win over Cagliari in their last home game of the season. After the match, the "Rossoneri" were awarded the trophy in front of a capacity crowd. Milan concluded their season with a scoreless draw away at Udinese on Sunday, 22 May.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: For the 12th season in a row, Milan started the Coppa Italia directly in the round of 16, as one of the eight best seeded teams. They welcomed Bari at the San Siro on Thursday, 20 January. Bari reached the round of 16 after defeating Livorno 4–1 in the Fourth Preliminary Round. Milan, however, easily knocked them out of the competition by sealing a 3–0 win, with goals by Ibrahimović, Alexander Merkel and Robinho.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: For the quarter-finals, Milan traveled to Genoa to take on Sampdoria on Wednesday, 26 January. Due to the high number of injuries, head coach Massimiliano Allegri was prompted to put newly arrived duo of Mark van Bommel and Urby Emanuelson in the starting line-up. Milan, however, took only 22 minutes to go ahead 2–0, with both goals being scored by Alexandre Pato. Early in the second half, the hosts pulled one back through Stefano Guberti, but this did not prevent the "Rossoneri" from winning the game and making it through to the semi-finals, where they will face Palermo.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The semi-finals first leg was played at the San Siro on Wednesday, 20 April. Milan took the lead as soon as the fourth minute with a volley by Ibrahimović off Massimo Oddo's cross. The visitors, however, equalised ten minutes later through Javier Pastore, following a one-two pass with Mauricio Pinilla, and they went ahead 2–1 eight minutes into the second half through Abel Hernández. Less than 15 minutes from time, Urby Emanuelson scored the equaliser for Milan, setting the final score to 2–2.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The second leg was played at the Stadio Renzo Barbera in Palermo on Tuesday, 10 May. Due to the tie in the first-leg, Milan would have needed a win or a 3–3 or higher draw to qualify for the final (while a 2–2 would have sent the game to extra time). After a scoreless first half, Palermo took the lead around the hour mark, with a header by Giulio Migliaccio off a corner kick. Ten minutes later, Milan were left down to ten men, as Van Bommel was ejected for a last man foul, and Cesare Bovo converted the resulting penalty to double the hosts' lead. Bovo himself was ejected too shortly after for a hard tackle on Alexandre Pato. Milan, however, only managed to pull one back through Ibrahimović in injury time and they were knocked-out from the competition.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan began their UEFA Champions League campaign in the group stage after finishing in third place in the 2009–10 Serie A. Due to their UEFA coefficient, they were seeded in Pot 1 with the eight highest ranked teams. The "Rossoneri" were drawn in the group G alongside Spanish La Liga runners-up Real Madrid, Dutch Cup winners Ajax and French side Auxerre.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: For the opening game, on 15 September, Milan played host to Auxerre at the San Siro. Despite struggling in the first half, with the visitors also hitting the crossbar once, the "Rossoneri" managed to get a 2–0 win, thanks to two goals by Zlatan Ibrahimović in the 66th and 69th minutes. Two weeks later, Milan traveled to the Amsterdam Arena to face Ajax. The Dutch went ahead in the 23rd minute; Luis Suárez flicked the ball through Alessandro Nesta's legs and passed it to Mounir El Hamdaoui, who stopped the ball inside the goal area, turned around and shot into the net. Shortly after, Robinho missed a good chance for Milan, as he fired wide one-on-one against goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg. The "Rossoneri", however, managed to equalise eight minutes before half time through Ibrahimović, who chested a one-time pass by Clarence Seedorf and scored. Late in the second half, Milan nearly found the winning goal, but Kevin-Prince Boateng's angled drive was saved by Stekelenburg and the game ended 1–1.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: In the third game, on 19 October, Milan suffered a 2–0 defeat against Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. The hosts took the lead in the 13th minute with a free-kick by Cristiano Ronaldo and scored again a minute later, as a shot by Mesut Özil was accidentally deflected by Daniele Bonera into his own net. The two sides met again two weeks later at the San Siro and again it was Real Madrid who took the lead, thanks to a goal by Gonzalo Higuaín in the late stages of the first half. Milan, however, managed to equalise through Filippo Inzaghi in the 68th minute. The 37-year-old striker, who had come on eight minutes earlier, headed in a cross by Zlatan Ibrahimović, after the ball was deflected by Real's goalkeeper Iker Casillas. Ten minutes later, Inzaghi scored again on a through ball by Gennaro Gattuso to put Milan ahead. But the "Rossoneri" were eventually denied victory, as Pedro León made it 2–2 in injury time.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: For the fifth game, Milan traveled to France to take on Auxerre on Tuesday, 23 November. After a scoreless first half, Milan went ahead in the 64th minutes through Zlatan Ibrahimović, with a powerful strike from the edge of the penalty area. In injury time, Ronaldinho, who had come on a few minutes earlier, made it 2–0, following a pass from Robinho. With Real Madrid beating Ajax in Amsterdam, Milan secured a spot in the knockout stage of the competition. In the sixth and last game of the group stage two weeks later, Milan suffered a harmless 2–0 home defeat against Ajax, with second half-goals by Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The draw for the first knockout round took place in Nyon, Switzerland, on 17 December 2010. Milan were paired with the winners of Group A, Tottenham Hotspur. The first leg was contested at the San Siro on Tuesday, 15 February. The visitors had a couple of early occasions with Peter Crouch and Rafael van der Vaart, both saved by goalkeeper Christian Abbiati. The latter picked up an injury to his head after colliding with Crouch and had to be replaced by Marco Amelia in the 18th minute. Later on, Milan claimed a penalty, as Michael Dawson hit Zlatan Ibrahimović with his arm inside the box, but the referee allowed play to go on. The "Rossoneri" made little effort during the first half and shortly before half time Amelia deflected Van der Vaart's shot over the crossbar. At the start of the second half, Milan coach Massimiliano Allegri sent in Alexandre Pato to replace Clarence Seedorf. It was defender Mario Yepes, however, who posed the major threats to Tottenham: the Colombian was twice denied by goalkeeper Heurelho Gomes from goalbound headers. Milan kept pressing forward, but 10 minutes from time they were caught short on a counterattack led by Aaron Lennon, who provided the assist for Crouch's winning goal. In injury time, Ibrahimović had the equaliser disallowed for apparently pushing Dawson and the visitors eventually snapped up a 1–0 victory.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: The second leg was played at White Hart Lane on Wednesday, 9 March. Having been defeated in the first-leg, Milan would have needed a win to make it through to the quarter-finals (except a 1–0 win, which would have sent the game to extra time), while a draw would have been enough for Tottenham to qualify. Therefore, despite a quick start by the hosts in the very first minutes, it was Milan who dictated much of the play in the first half and proved to be the more dangerous of the two sides. A 25-yard free-kick by Ibrahimović was saved by Gomes in the 16th minute and 9 minutes later Tottenham almost went 1–0 down when Gomes raced out of his goal to challenge Pato, who managed to fed the ball to Robinho, whose deflected shot was saved on the line by defender William Gallas. The "Rossoneri" kept creating chances in the second half, yet being unable to score. The game ended in a scoreless draw and Milan were knocked-out from the competition.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan trod carefully in the early stages of the transfer window, as CEO Adriano Galliani stated that any new signing would only follow a departure. Marco Amelia and Mario Yepes joined the club to replace Dida and Giuseppe Favalli respectively, whose contracts expired. The "Rossoneri" went on to sign Sokratis Papastathopoulos for an undisclosed fee from Genoa, who also took on co-ownership of youngsters Rodney Strasser, Nnamdi Oduamadi and Gianmarco Zigoni as part of the deal – though only the latter actually left Milan.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: After the first couple of pre-season games, head coach Massimiliano Allegri lamented the need of one more midfielder. This led to the purchase of German-Ghanaian Kevin-Prince Boateng on another co-ownership deal with Genoa, who had just signed him from Portsmouth; Genoa also took on co-ownership of Giacomo Beretta as part of the deal, though he remained in Milan's youth team.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: As the last week of the transfer window approached, director general Ariedo Braida revealed that Milan might be interested in signing Swedish star Zlatan Ibrahimović from Barcelona. Despite initially claiming that it was nothing more than a "dream", Galliani later confirmed that negotiations were actually taking place. After some days of talks, on 29 August Milan officially announced to have signed Ibrahimović on a free loan with the option to fully purchase the athlete's playing rights for €24 million at the end of the season.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: On the last day before the summer transfer deadline, Milan made another major signing, securing Robinho from Manchester City. The move cost €18 million plus bonuses and was hailed by Galliani as "a wonderful gift from owner Silvio Berlusconi". At the same time, three players left the club: Kakha Kaladze and Klaas-Jan Huntelaar moved to Genoa and Schalke 04 respectively, while Marco Borriello was loaned out to Roma.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: As the January transfer window approached, Galliani stated that Milan was in talks with Sampdoria to sign striker Antonio Cassano, who was dropped from the squad in October following an argument with Sampdoria president Riccardo Garrone. The move was later confirmed by Milan owner Silvio Berlusconi and Cassano joined the "Rossoneri" for their winter camp in Dubai on 27 December. His transfer was officially finalized on 3 January, the opening day of the winter transfer window.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Meanwhile, speculation about Ronaldinho leaving the club increased. These rumors were confirmed by Ronaldinho himself during a press conference he held in Rio de Janeiro alongside Galliani, on 6 January. The new club was unveiled five days later, as Milan officially announced Ronaldinho's move to Flamengo. At the same time, defender Oguchi Onyewu also left Milan, joining Dutch Eredivisie champions Twente on loan for the remainder of the season.


title: 2010–11 A.C. Milan season

text: Milan went on to complete two more signings in the second half of January, bringing in Dutch duo of left winger Urby Emanuelson and midfielder Mark van Bommel, from Ajax and Bayern Munich respectively. The "Rossoneri", however, made another couple of additions in the last days of the transfer window, signing Spanish left back Dídac Vilà from Espanyol and centre back Nicola Legrottaglie from Juventus.


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim Industries Limited is an Indian manufacturing company based in Mumbai. Since its inception in 1947 as a textile manufacturer, Grasim has diversified into textile raw materials like viscose staple fiber (VSF) and viscose filament yarn, chemicals and insulators, along with cement and financial services through its subsidiaries UltraTech Cement and Aditya Birla Capital respectively. The company is a part of the Aditya Birla Group.


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim is the world's largest producer of viscose rayon fiber with about 24% market share. Textile and related products contribute to 15% of the group's turnover.


title: Grasim Industries

text: Indo-Thai Synthetics Company Ltd was incorporated in 1969 in Thailand, started operations in 1970, this was Aditya Birla Group's first foray into international venture. Aditya Birla Group incorporated P.T. Elegant Textiles in 1973 in Indonesia. Thai Rayon incorporated in 1974, this was the second company in Thailand, operating in Viscose Rayon Staple Fiber. Century Textiles Co. Ltd. is taken over by Aditya Birla Group in 1974; this company is a weaving and dyeing plant manufacturing and exporting variety of synthetic fabrics. PT Sunrise Bumi Textiles incorporated in 1979, it produces yarn exported over 30 countries in 6 continents. P.T Indo Bharat Rayon incorporated in 1980 produces Viscose Staple Fiber in Indonesia. Thai Polyphosphates and Chemicals was started in 1984 in Thailand to produce Sodium Phosphates, and has merged with Thai Epoxy and Allied Products Company Limited (1992), Thai Sulphites and Chemicals Company Limited (1995) to form Aditya Birla Chemicals Ltd. This company supplies to sectors such as food, textiles, electrical and electronics, composites, leather, plastics and automobiles. PT Indo Liberty Textiles was incorporated in 1995 to manufacture synthetic spun yarn.


title: Grasim Industries

text: In 1985, the firm's activities in its Mavoor facility ran into controversies after it shut down, first temporarily and later on, permanently.


title: Grasim Industries

text: In late 1990s and later, the focus was the textile business following the end of Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA).


title: Grasim Industries

text: AV Cell Inc., a joint venture between Aditya Birla Group and Tembec, Canada, established operations in 1998 to produce softwood and hardwood pulp for the purpose of internal consumption among different units of the Group.


title: Grasim Industries

text: In 2012, Grasim Industries Ltd. and Tembec, Canada acquired AV Nackawic Inc., which produces dissolving pulp.


title: Grasim Industries

text: In 2004, Grasim acquired UltraTech Cement from Larsen & Toubro. In 2010, Grasim demerged its cement subsidiary, Samruddhi Cement, which contributed 76% of the company's turnover in the previous financial year. Later that year, Samruddhi Cement was merged into UltraTech Cement.


title: Grasim Industries

text: In 2017, it demerged Aditya Birla Capital, its financial services arm, which included consumer finance, insurance and asset management divisions among others. After the demerger, Grasim continued to hold a 55% stake in Aditya Birla Capital.


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim is the largest exporter of Viscose Rayon Fiber in the country, with exports to over 50 countries. Grasim is headquartered in Mumbai and also has plants at Nagda (Madhya Pradesh), Kharach (Kosamba, Gujarat), Veraval (Gujarat), Bharuch (Vilayat GIDC, Gujarat) and Harihar, (Davangere, Karnataka).


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim Industries Ltd. supplies Viscose Staple Fiber (VSF). The Group's VSF business operates through its three companies – Grasim Industries in India, Thai Rayon Corporation in Thailand and Indo Bharat Rayon in Indonesia, which also oversees its Chinese operations at Birla Jingwei Fibres, China.


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim sponsored "Grasim Mr. India" event from 1994 to 2012 that sent the winner to compete in international events like "Mister International" and "Mister World".


title: Grasim Industries

text: Grasim Industries operates Private Harihar Airport In Harihar, Karnataka. The airport served as an air strip for private charter service.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: By the 18th century almost all Ukrainians had family names. Most Ukrainian surnames (and surnames in Slavic languages in general) are formed by adding possessive and other suffixes to given names, place names, professions and other words.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: Surnames were developed for official documents or business record keeping to differentiate the parties who might have the same first name. By the 15th century, surnames were used by the upper class, nobles and large land owners. In cities and towns, surnames became necessary in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1632, Orthodox Metropolitan Petro Mohyla ordered priests to include a surname in all records of birth, marriage and death.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: After the partitions of Poland (1772–1795), Western Ukraine came under the Austrian Empire, where peasants needed surnames for taxation purposes and military service and churches were required to keep records of all births, deaths and marriages.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: The surnames with the suffix -enko are the most known and common Ukrainian surnames. Due to migration and many deportations of Ukrainians during the history, it's also present in Belarus and Russia, especially in the Kuban region, where many ethnic Ukrainians historically lived.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: Some names have differing masculine and feminine forms, meaning a brother and sister's surname will be inflected with different suffixes (such as "Zelenskyi/Зеленський" vs. "Zelenska/Зеленська"). Others (such as the distinctively Ukrainian names ending in ) do not change with grammatical gender.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: The first elements of Ukrainian surnames are most commonly given names (patronymics and matronymics), place names (toponyms), and professions.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: From the first name Ivan (John in English), over 100 different surnames can be formed. The most common variations of Ivan in Ukrainian are Ivas, Jan, Vakhno, and Vanko. The surnames based on Ivan include: Ivaniv, Ivankiv, Ivasiv, Ivashchenko, Ivankhiv, Janiv, Jankiv, and Ivaniuk. More examples of surnames based on a first name:


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: When a woman married, she was known by a form of her husband's first name or her father's. From the name Petro, she was Petrykha, (wife of Petro). From these forms, matronymic surnames ending in "" were created. Petryshyn came from Petrykha, Romanyshyn from Romanykha and Ivanyshyn from Ivanykha. Surnames based on women's names are rare (Marunchak from Marunia, a form of Maria).


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: Some Ukrainian toponymic surnames can be identified as from the Galicia region. Those surnames often contain the suffixes ' or ' (Kolomiets, Korniets, Romanets, Baranets).


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: There are also old Cossack names that derive from military occupations, such as Kompaniiets or Kompanichenko. There are also surnames derived from monikers based on personal characteristics. These compounds, usually consisting of a second person-singular-addressed imperative verb or an adjective coupled with a noun, can often be somewhat comical such as:


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: Such surnames are primarily derived from a funny memorable situation or a phrase coined by the person, who eventually received such a name, and supposedly originated in the 15th–16th centuries with the start of the Cossack movement.


title: Ukrainian surnames

text: Among Cossacks were also much simplified nature-derived last names such as Hohol (topknot), Orel (eagle), Bakai (pothole), Horobets (sparrow), Syromakha (orphan), Rosomakha (wolverine), Vedmid' (bear), Moroz (frost), Kulish (Cossack soup), Mara (wraith), Skovoroda (frying pan), Harbuz (pumpkin), Vovk (wolf), Chaika (seagull) and many more that are common nouns of the Ukrainian language. Other Cossack last names were based on personality characteristics, e.g. Babii (womanizer), Dovhopiat (long foot), Dryhalo (twitchy person), Nudylo (tedious person), Plaksa (crying person), Pribluda (fornicate child, bastard), Prilipko (sticky person), Sverbylo (itchy person), Vereschaka (shrieking person), Vytrischaka (goggling person), etc.


title: David Herold

text: David Edgar Herold (June 16, 1842 – July 7, 1865) was an American pharmacist's assistant and accomplice of John Wilkes Booth in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. After the shooting, Herold accompanied Booth to the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, who set Booth's injured leg. The two men then continued their escape through Maryland and into Virginia, and Herold remained with Booth until the authorities cornered them in a barn. Herold surrendered, but Booth was shot and died two hours later. Herold was sentenced to death and hanged with three other conspirators at the Washington Arsenal, now known as Fort Lesley J. McNair.


title: David Herold

text: David E. Herold was born in Maryland, the sixth of 11 children of Adam George Herold (1803–1864) and Mary Ann Porter (1810–1883). Adam and Mary were married on November 9, 1828, in Washington, DC. David was their only son to survive to adulthood. His father Adam was the Chief Clerk of the Naval Storehouse at the Washington Navy Yard for over 20 years. Herold's family was well-off financially and lived in a large brick house at 636 Eighth Street SE in Washington, D.C., near the Washington Navy Yard. David attended Gonzaga College High School, Georgetown College, Charlotte Hall Military Academy (at Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's County, Maryland), and the Rittenhouse Academy. In 1860 Herold received a certificate in pharmacy from Georgetown College. He then worked as a pharmacist's assistant and as a clerk for a doctor, and was an avid hunter. He became acquainted with John Surratt while attending classes at Charlotte Hall Military Academy in the late 1850s. A few years later, in December 1864, Surratt introduced him to John Wilkes Booth.


title: David Herold

text: Herold and a group of co-conspirators had originally plotted to kidnap Lincoln, but later decided to kill him, Vice President Andrew Johnson, and Secretary of State William H. Seward in a bid to help the Confederacy's cause.


title: David Herold

text: On the night of April 14, 1865, Herold guided Lewis Powell to Seward's house. Inside, Powell attempted to kill Seward, severely wounding him and other members of his household. The ensuing commotion frightened Herold and he rode off, leaving Powell to fend for himself. He then met with Booth outside of Washington, D.C., and they proceeded to Surrattsville, Maryland (now Clinton, Maryland) where they picked up weapons that Mary Surratt had left earlier for them at her property. Another conspirator, George Atzerodt, was supposed to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson, but never made the attempt after thinking it over.


title: David Herold

text: It was at this point that John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at Ford's Theater. When Booth jumped onto the stage of Ford's Theater, some witnesses speculate that he broke his fibula. When Booth went across the bridge into Maryland, he met Herold there. They retrieved their weapons cache from a saloon and proceeded to the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, who set Booth's leg. Mudd let Booth and Herold rest at his home for a few hours. The pair headed to the house of Samuel Cox, a Confederate sympathizer. He refused to let the two into his house and insisted they stay in a thicket behind his house. He continued to bring food, whiskey, and newspapers to Booth and Herold where Booth realized he wasn't a hero (like Marcus Junius Brutus) as he longed to be, written in his diary. After a close encounter with the Union, Herold slaughtered the horses he and Booth rode, worrying they would give the two away. Cox later gave Booth a skiff to cross the Potomac River. Due to a foggy night, Herold and Booth landed in Maryland, not in Virginia as planned. They threatened a farmer and forced him and his family to sleep outside, as they slept in the bedrooms. They left in the morning and requested to stay at another farm owned by Richard Henry Garrett. Unaware of what they had done, he accepted. After Booth got drunk, Garrett made the two sleep in the barn. Soon, they woke to the sounds of horses.


title: David Herold

text: Herold and Booth were trapped by Union soldiers on April 26, 1865. Herold surrendered, but Booth refused to lay down his arms and was shot by Sergeant Boston Corbett through a crack in the barn wall. He died a few hours later.


title: David Herold

text: Herold was tried before a military tribunal. As he had already admitted his involvement in the assassination conspiracy, the only defense his lawyer Frederick Stone could offer was that Herold was feeble-minded and under undue influence from Booth. His defense being unsuccessful, Herold was convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged in Washington, D.C. on July 7, 1865. The fall from the gallows did not break his neck; he struggled for nearly five minutes, slowly strangling to death.


title: David Herold

text: On February 15, 1869, Herold's mother and five of his sisters interred his remains in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. in an unmarked grave, next to the grave of his father Adam. The gravestone memorializing David now present in Congressional Cemetery was placed there in July 1917, at the time of the burial of his sister Mary Alice (Herold) Nelson (October 16, 1837 – July 1, 1917) in the cemetery. Mary Alice was the wife of Frederick Massena Nelson (January 1827 – May 11, 1909) of Pomonkey, Charles County, Maryland.


title: David Herold

text: Gore Vidal's fictionalized account of Lincoln's presidency, "Lincoln", includes a heavy focus on David Herold. In the Afterword, where Vidal explains the extent to which his novel is true to fact, he writes, "As David's life is largely unknown until Booth's conspiracy, I have invented a low-life for him."


title: David Herold

text: In the Stephen Sondheim musical "Assassins", David Herold appears in the song "The Ballad of Booth", where Booth forces Herold at gunpoint to write why Booth killed Lincoln. However, when soldiers surround the barn where they hide, Herold runs.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Clara Allegra Byron (12 January 1817 – 20 April 1822) was the illegitimate daughter of the poet George Gordon, Lord Byron and Claire Clairmont.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Born in Bath, England, she was initially named Alba, meaning "dawn", or "white", by her mother. At first she lived with her mother, her mother's stepsister, Mary Shelley, and Mary's husband Percy Bysshe Shelley. When she was fifteen months old, she was turned over to Byron, who changed her name to Allegra. Byron placed her with foster families and later in a Roman Catholic convent, where she died at the age of five of typhus or malaria.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Allegra was the product of a short-lived affair between the Romantic poet and her starstruck teenage mother, who was living in reduced circumstances in the household of her stepsister and brother-in-law. Clairmont wrote to Byron during the pregnancy begging him to write back and promise to take care of her and the baby; however, Byron ignored her pleas. After her birth, she was initially taken into the household of Leigh Hunt as the child of a cousin. A few months later, the Shelleys and Clairmont took the baby back as an "adopted" child. Clairmont bonded with her baby daughter and wrote in her journal with delight about her close, physical connection with little Allegra, but she was also dealing with emotional and financial pressures from the Shelleys that made it difficult for her to keep the baby with her.


title: Allegra Byron

text: The Shelleys were fond of Allegra, but Mary Shelley feared that neighbours would believe Percy Bysshe Shelley had fathered her as the truth about her relationship to Clairmont leaked out. William Godwin, Mary's father and Clairmont's stepfather, had immediately leapt to that conclusion when he learned of Allegra's birth. In an October 1817 letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley remarked that their toddler son William disliked Allegra, but was fond of his baby sister Clara. She saw her son's reaction to Allegra, who was no blood relation to him, as "an argument in favour of those who advocate "instinctive natural affection"." In addition, the Shelleys were constantly in debt and Mary Shelley wanted the baby to be sent to Byron and wanted her difficult and temperamental stepsister, who had too close a relationship with her husband, to leave her house.


title: Allegra Byron

text: After the child's birth, Shelley wrote to Byron "of the exquisite symmetry" and beauty of "a little being whom we ... call Alba, or the Dawn." He asked Byron what his plans were for the child. Later, Shelley acknowledged the child's presence was becoming something of an embarrassment. Byron asked his half-sister Augusta Leigh to take Allegra into her household, but Leigh refused. Hostile to Clairmont and initially sceptical that he had fathered her daughter, Byron agreed to take custody of Allegra under the condition that her mother have only limited contact with her. Shelley warned Clairmont that this might not, after all, be the best plan for Allegra, but Clairmont hoped that her daughter would be more financially comfortable and would have a better chance at a good life if she lived with her father. "I have sent you my child because I love her too well to keep her," she wrote to Byron.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Byron requested that her name be changed from Alba, which also related to "Albé," Clairmont's nickname for Byron, to Allegra, an Italian name meaning "cheerful, brisk" and relating to the musical term "allegro." During the journey to turn the child over to Byron, Clairmont wrote in her journal that she had bathed her daughter in Dover, but then crossed the passage out, as if afraid to mention the baby's name. The child was baptised with the name Clara Allegra before her mother relinquished her to Byron. Byron discussed spelling Allegra's surname as "Biron" instead of as "Byron" to further distinguish her from his legitimate daughter, Augusta Ada Byron. Byron offered to pay Shelley for the expense of Allegra's upkeep during her first months of life, but Shelley indignantly refused and said the cost was a trifle.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Mary Shelley had called the baby Allegra "the little Commodore" because of her sturdy body and alert, intelligent look. Byron was also pleased with Allegra's resemblances to himself in appearance and temperament. When she was eighteen months old, he wrote in a letter to a friend: "My bastard came three days ago—very like—healthy—noisy & capricious." In an 1818 letter to his half-sister Augusta Leigh, Byron wrote that "She is very pretty — remarkably intelligent ... She has very blue eyes — that singular forehead — fair curly hair — and a devil of a spirit. but that is Papa's."


title: Allegra Byron

text: In 1819, in another letter to Leigh, Byron described two and a half-year-old Allegra as "very droll" and again commented on her resemblance to himself in physical appearance, temperament and interests: "(She) has a very good deal of the Byron. Can't articulate the letter 'r' at all—frowns and pouts quite in our way—blue eyes—light hair growing "darker" daily—and a dimple in the chin—a scowl on the brow—white skin—sweet voice—and a particular liking of Music—and of her own way in every thing—ah, is that not B. all over?" The child had forgotten any English she had learned and now spoke only Venetian Italian.


title: Allegra Byron

text: In March 1820, he complained in a letter that three-year-old Allegra was quite vain and "obstinate as a mule". Her behaviour was sometimes unmanageable, probably as a result of her unstable living arrangements and frequent changes in caregivers. At the age of four, the naughty child terrorised Byron's servants with her spectacular temper tantrums and other misbehaviour and told frequent lies.


title: Allegra Byron

text: As she grew older, Allegra also demonstrated a talent for acting and singing. Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli, who was Lord Byron's lover while he was living in Ravenna and whom Allegra called "mammina", remarked on Allegra's talent for mimicking the servants and for singing popular songs. Byron felt her talent for mimicry, another talent she shared with him, might amuse other people in the short term but would eventually be a cause of trouble for her.


title: Allegra Byron

text: Shelley, who visited the toddler Allegra while she was being boarded with a family chosen by Byron, objected to the child's living arrangements over the years, though he had initially approved of Clairmont's plan to relinquish her to her father. During the summer of 1819, Allegra stayed with four different families and was abandoned by her nursemaid. Byron sent her to stay for long periods with his friend British consul Richard Belgrave Hoppner, but Hoppner's wife didn't like Allegra and sent her to stay with three other families in as many months. Though he'd originally agreed to permit Clairmont to visit their daughter, Byron reneged on the agreement. Shelley often tried to persuade Byron to let Clairmont see her daughter and they thought of ways to regain custody of her. Clairmont was alarmed by reports in 1820 that her daughter had suffered a malarial-type fever and that Byron had moved her to warm Ravenna at the height of the summer.