title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lindemann remained on edge. As captain, he was privy to the B-Dienst naval intelligence now reaching him on enemy movements. A large contingent of enemy capital ships was congregating at Scapa Flow. His senior medical officer, Dr. Otto Schneider, observed that Lindemann fully understood the dangers his ship faced. But Admiral Lütjens alone could call off the operation. He showed no desire to discuss his intentions with either Captain Lindemann or Brinkmann, which put both of them on edge. Lütjens offered no hint of intentions either to his destroyer escort, which he dismissed near Trondheim, or to "Generaladmiral" Carls. Carls openly displayed his displeasure at the lack of communication, believing Lütjens to be hesitant. Not until the evening of 22 May did he share his intention to breach the Denmark Strait with his captains; perhaps encouraged in the knowledge that the British Force H would now be engaged in the beginning Battle of Crete. The foul weather gave him the cover he needed. Foregoing the chance of a refuel, he headed due west, north of Iceland.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens remained unaware that the British were tracking him until 23 May, when his ships encountered heavy cruisers and , amidst the Greenland ice pack. Lütjens received the identity of the first ship as the latter vessel. He gave the code JOTDORA: permission to fire. Although shots were fired, no serious damage resulted to either side, and the outgunned British cruisers quickly withdrew, though they remained within radar range and continued to shadow the German ships. The shock from the firing of "Bismarck"s heavy guns disabled her search radar, so Lütjens ordered "Prinz Eugen" to take the lead. As they passed each other "Bismarck"s electric push-button wheel jammed and it veered toward the German cruiser. The quick thinking of Brinkmann avoided a collision. During a raining squall Lütjens attempted a 180-degree turn to surprise his attackers, but the British radar detected the manoeuvre and withdrew. Lütjens could not shake his pursuers. He believed they possessed a new type of radar as yet unknown to the Germans.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: In the early hours of 24 May 1941, "Prinz Eugen"s hydrophones detected two large ships approaching. Vice Admiral Lancelot Holland in his flagship battlecruiser and battleship were heading towards them. It began the Battle of the Denmark Strait. Lütjens was soon informed that the two ships were enemy heavy units by the size of their superstructure, but remained unaware of their identity until they adjusted their attitude. Confronted with enemy combat vessels, Lütjens turned away, to gain time to think and plan a response to his opponents who were clearly attempting to engage him.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens' first instinct was to attempt to outrun the British ships, scrupulously obeying his orders. He became even more reluctant to accept battle once the lead enemy vessel was identified as "Hood". Even after "Hood" began to fire on the two ships and it became obvious that an engagement was inevitable, Lütjens was reluctant to return fire. He ordered his chief yeoman to signal to "Prinz Eugen" to open fire on the lead enemy ship, but not "Bismarck", much to the exasperation of Captain Lindemann, who had the prospect of suffering another disagreement with the Admiral.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: First Gunnery Officer Adalbert Schneider, made multiple inquiries to return fire; methodically reporting enemy salvos and asking permission to fire. Lütjens, himself an artillery specialist, waited until the range fell. Moreover, the position of the British placed them at the outer limit of traverse for his main batteries, which were now inclined astern of the ship. Lütjens was also wary of using up heavy shells which were required for raiding operations and a possible future engagement. He could not afford to use up ammunition to register his guns, instead, preferring a closer-range battle. He waited for the optimum moment to fire back.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Some witnesses testify Captain Lindeman muttered, "I will not allow my ship to be shot out from under my arse. Open fire!". Finally Lütjens gave the order to return fire. Lütjens then ordered a turn to port, and crossed Holland's T, as his opponent turned to bring all the British guns to bear. Shortly before firing, "Bismarck" was hit in the forecastle, though "Prinz Eugen" had registered hits on "Hood" which had started a large series of fires making it easier for the Germans to home in on her position. "Bismarck" then targeted "Hood".


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens did not observe the German tactical regulations of the time, to place his weaker cruiser to his battleship's unengaged side and out of range. Instead, he kept her in the line to maximise his firepower even though both German ships were now firing salvos across each other's line-of-fire. Once the odds were reduced, he then ordered her to drop back and use her radar to keep a vigil on the British cruisers, still chasing the German force. Schneider observed the fifth salvo strike "Hood" from a range of . Two splashes were seen. Apparently one or more shells "bit into" "Hood", seemingly without effect, leading the gunnery officers to believe it was a dud. Moments later "Hood" blew up, which caused much excitement on the German ships. Lütjens remained unmoved. The Germans then turned their fire to "Prince of Wales", causing seven damaging hits and Captain John Leach to retreat to a safe distance.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lindemann, guided by the tactical situation, wanted to destroy the damaged ship. He estimated a two- to three-hour chase would be enough. Lütjens, mindful of the fleet order to avoid unnecessary fighting with enemy capital ships, rejected his protests without discussion. Lütjens was suspicious of the intelligence he was receiving, which days earlier had told him "Hood" was standing off the coast of West Africa. He could no longer be sure of how many more enemy capital ships could be in the area. A time-consuming battle with "Prince of Wales" was out of the question, and he proceeded into the vast expanses of the Atlantic, where he could lose his pursuers and have the necessary room to manoeuvre.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens' tactics proved useful in two respects. After the "Hood" battle, he steamed directly at his pursuers, forcing them away, while his heavy cruiser escaped out of radar range. On 25 May, his 52nd birthday, despite constant action and exhaustion, he ordered a clever manoeuvre. He ordered full speed and then a three-quarter clockwise turn once his pursuers had reached the extremis of their radar range. The British cruisers had been performing zigzags to avoid German U-boats they believed to be in the vicinity. At the outer edge of their port turn, they would be at the limit of their radar's range. This allowed him to escape the enemy radar, steam in the opposite direction, and then once behind them steam across their wake and avoid enemy attempts to regain contact.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The move worked and he evaded the British for a short time. Lütjens then broke radio silence, allowing the British a rough idea of his latitude but not his longitude. He continued to believe he was being tracked. Naval Group West informed him to send only tactical radio signals and not risk broadcasting long radio messages to Paris since they were sure he had broken contact. Lütjens, already distrustful of B-Dienst, disregarded the warnings. Fortunately, not until late evening on 25 May, did the British realise he was heading for France. By this time Lütjens was well ahead of his pursuers. It proved, however, to be a grave error. Although the British made a number of mistakes in locating her, the intercepted message allowed them to send to air strikes against the ship over the next two days.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens radioed Wilhelmshaven and Berlin and all the naval commands concerning the sinking of "Hood" continually until his message was acknowledged. It was received only at 14:40 in Berlin. Aboard "Prinz Eugen" Captain Brinkmann noted that such actions were dangerous. He recorded in the ships' war diary that Lütjens' insistence on radioing every change of course to the shore commands; then confirmed by a final "Execute!" order, was unnecessary and risky. In the morning of the 25 May, his 52nd birthday, Lütjens persisted by sending a long message on the "Hood" action. It was apparent that he mistakenly believed he was still under surveillance by the British and thus any message could do no harm since his position was known to the enemy.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The enemy, Brinkmann thought, could and would glean important intelligence from the most seemingly innocuous messages and consequently his fleet commander was foolish to issue them. At 08:01, once again without consulting Lindemann or Brinkmann, he radioed the Naval High Command his intent to sail to St. Nazaire and detach his heavy cruiser for commerce operations. No mention of the extent of the damage incurred by "Bismarck" was relayed to Germany. The ship was down by the bow, having been hit. The shell had severed the fuel lines to forward fuel tanks by allowing sea water to pour in through the hole located just above the waterline. In Germany, Raeder and his staff felt unable to issue Lütjens with any orders since they had no information on the state of the task force.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Meanwhile, Lütjens took stock of his predicament. Firstly, he believed that he was shadowed by a force of ships with superior radar. Secondly, the element of surprise had been lost. Thirdly, the battleship was running low of fuel; his decision not to refuel in Norway or the Norwegian Sea now became relevant. Fourthly, he thought the force was led by the efficient battleship , which he thought was leading him into a trap with an enemy fleet alerted to "Hood"s fate. Fifthly, sea water had slowed him by two knots. His ship had lost some electrical power and salt water was threatening to enter fuel lines and shut down two boilers. Lindemann argued for a return via the Denmark Strait to Norway. In his view the ship was too fine a vessel to be risked in another unequal struggle. Lütjens rejected his suggestion. It would take him too close to the British Isles and expose him to the greatest concentration of enemy sea, air and coastal forces. According to survivors, the animosity between Lindemann and Lütjens was now beginning to extend to their respective staffs.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The reasons for Lütjens' decision to make for France instead of making the shorter journey to Norway remain unknown. It can be surmised he thought the ship would be repaired quickly and a French port was closer to his hunting ground which also precluded another tricky break out via the Denmark Strait. Furthermore, he had asked for a concentration of U-boats south of Greenland to attack his shadowers. The vast ocean also offered an opportunity to lose his pursuers. However, the perilous fuel situation forced him to abandon the U-boat option and steam directly for France. In light of these developments, Lütjens addressed the crew as follows:


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Seamen of the battleship "Bismarck"! You have covered yourself with glory! The sinking of the battle cruiser "Hood" has not only military, but psychological value, for she was the pride of Great Britain. Henceforth the enemy will try to concentrate his forces and bring them into action against us. I therefore released "Prinz Eugen" at noon yesterday so that she could conduct commerce warfare on her own. She has managed to evade the enemy. We, on the other hand, because of the hits we have received, have been ordered to proceed to a French port. On our way there the enemy will gather and give us battle. The German people are with you, and we will fight until our gun barrels glow red-hot and the last shell has left the barrels. For us, seamen, the question is victory or death.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Surviving crewmembers of "Bismarck" state that they received this message in shock. Rather than harden the resolve of the German crew, the tone of Lütjens' speech implied the ship was in some difficulty and that they may not reach a friendly port. It depressed the mood about the battleship and created uncertainty among all ranks. They interpreted Lütjens' words to mean the "Admiral" did not believe they would survive. Lindemann recognised the damage it caused and tried to present a more optimistic view of the situation. He spoke of the U-boats and "Luftwaffe" that were gathering to help them home. The speech, an hour later, only partially succeeded in restoring morale. That afternoon Lütjens received messages of best wishes from Hitler and Raeder. The former was short and curt. Lütjens purportedly stuffed the paper into his pocket without comment.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: A British reconnaissance aircraft sighted "Bismarck" in the early morning hours of 26 May by following its oil slick. At dusk on 26 May, Fairey Swordfish torpedo aircraft from HMS "Ark Royal" attacked. Although much of the damage was superficial, one torpedo jammed "Bismarck"s rudders and steering gear. Lindemann was sure the damage could be repaired, but Lütjens apparently was quick to accept the worst. As Lindemann and his engineering officers discussed ways to repair the damage Lütjens compiled a note to the German command and people just 30 minutes after the torpedo struck and before the full extent of the damage was known. Divers were put over the side, but reported they could not clear the damage, as the sea was then too rough. The officers also considered using the aircraft hangar doors on board the ship as makeshift rudders but the proposals came to nothing. The crew was still able to steer "Bismarck" somewhat by adjusting the revolution speed of her propellers, but it reduced the ship's top speed to and effectively left it circling in the water.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Throughout the night, she was the target of incessant torpedo attacks by , , , , and designed to wear down the crew. At this point, the Home Fleet and "Norfolk" following from the north were joined by HMS "Rodney", while Force H and heavy cruiser approached from the south, and light cruiser from the west. "Bismarck"s low speed and southeasterly heading away from its known pursuers made it very easy for the force to the south to catch up.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens recognised the gravity of the situation. At 23:58 on 26 May, Lütjens transmitted to "Group West", the Naval HQ "To the "Führer" of the German "Reich", Adolf Hitler. We will fight to the end thinking of you confident as in a rock in the victory of Germany" Hitler replied at 01:53 on 27 May: "I thank you in the name of the whole German nation – Adolf Hitler." Later another message was sent, "To the crew of the battleship "Bismarck": all Germany is with you. What can be done will be done. Your devotion to your duty will strengthen our people in the struggle for their existence – Adolf Hitler."


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The mood aboard "Bismarck" was mixed. Seaman Adolf Eich was off duty for some fresh air. He climbed up to the bridge for as long as nobody stopped him. When he got there he found the atmosphere pleasant. Lindemann was shaking the hand of Adalbert Schneider for his Knight's Cross award bestowed upon him for the destruction of "Hood". Lütjens also looked pleased. As the morning wore on the atmosphere changed. Müllenheim-Rechberg saw Lindemann wearing a life jacket and watched as the captain ate his breakfast in silence. He did not return Müllenheim-Rechberg's salute. Müllenheim-Rechberg also met Lütjens as the Admiral made his way to the bridge. Lütjens returned his salute as he brushed past but said nothing. To Müllenheim-Rechberg it seemed as if the two men most responsible for "Bismarck" had retreated into their own private worlds. That morning, on the 27 May 1941, Lütjens sent a request for a U-boat to pick up the ship's war diary. In this last transmission, Lütjens included: "Ship no longer manoeuvrable. We fight to the last shell. Long live the "Führer"". Lütjens did not hide their fate from his crew. He ordered the ships stores to be opened and allowed the crew to help themselves. It was a sign to all onboard "Bismarck" was doomed.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens had been open to criticism for his sycophantic messages to Hitler and his vow to fight to the last against hopeless odds. The authors of the German official history have commented it would be unjust to criticise him for being sympathetic to the National Socialist cause or to mark him as an Admiral who saw operations through to the end regardless of the outcome. Lütjens had remained notably aloof from the regime. This aside, he was also steeped in the German officer traditions in which it was inconceivable to abandon a fully battle-ready ship. After the scuttling of the "Graf Spee", Raeder had ordered all capital ships to fight to the last round if crippled. His messages, according to these historians, should be seen in the context of Lütjens fulfilling his duty. It is unknown whether he or Lindemann considered scuttling the ship to save the crew before the last battle.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: "Bismarck"s alarm sounded for the last time at 08:00 on the morning of 27 May 1941. "Norfolk" sighted the "Bismarck" at 08:15, and the battleship opened fire at 08:48. "Bismarck" began her last stand and returned fire at 08:49 against "Rodney". fired at "Bismarck" soon after and the cruisers "Norfolk" and "Dorsetshire" engaged with their main armament. "Bismarck"s forward command position was hit at 08:53, and both forward gun turrets were put out of action at 09:02, killing Adalbert Schneider in the main gun director. The after command position was destroyed at 09:18 and turret "Dora" was disabled at 09:24. "Bismarck" received further heavy hits at 09:40, resulting in a fire amidships, and turret "Caesar" went out of action after a hit at 09:50. Some secondary positions and weapons survived and battled on. All weapons fell silent at 10:00. Short of fuel, "Rodney" and "King George V" had to disengage prior to "Bismarck"s sinking.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The Germans were preparing to scuttle "Bismarck" when three torpedoes fired by "Dorsetshire" hit the ship's side armour. "Bismarck" sank at 10:36 at position , roughly west of Ouessant (Ushant). The cruiser "Dorsetshire" saved 86 men (Though 1 died the following day), and the British destroyer "Maori" saved another 25. Five sailors were saved by , under the command of Captain Lieutenant Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat, and the weather observation ship . The "Befehlshaber der U-Boote" (U-boat Commander-in-Chief) Dönitz had ordered , under the command of Captain Lieutenant Herbert Wohlfarth, to pick up "Bismarck"s war diary. Out of torpedoes and low on fuel, Wohlfarth requested that the mission be transferred to "U-74". "U-74" failed to reach Bismarck in time, and the war diary was never retrieved. Lütjens was among those who lost their lives – probably killed when a salvo fired by "Rodney" destroyed the bridge, killing many senior officers.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Lütjens married Margarete Backenköhler, daughter of the "Geheimen Sanitätsrat" ("Privy Counselor on Hygiene", honorary title given to a distinguished doctor) Dr. Gerhard Backenköhler, in the summer of 1929. She was 27 at the time of the wedding and the sister of Otto Backenköhler. Admiral Otto Backenköhler was Lütjens' chief of staff at the Fleet-Command (24 October 1939 – 31 July 1940). A year later, their first son, Gerhard, was born on 31 August 1930 in Swinemünde. The marriage produced a second son, named Günther after his father, on 28 August 1932 in Berlin. Their daughter Annemarie was born on 27 August 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II. Less than a month after Lütjens' death, his wife gave birth to their fourth child, Peter.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: In the 1960 film, "Sink the Bismarck!", Lütjens (played by Karel Štěpánek) is portrayed as a stereotypical Nazi, committed to Nazism and crazed in his undaunted belief that the "Bismarck" is unsinkable. In reality, Lütjens did not agree with Nazi policies, and was Jewish himself; along with two other navy commanders, he had publicly protested against the brutality of anti-Semitic crimes during Kristallnacht. He was one of the few officers who refused to give the Nazi salute when Hitler visited "Bismarck" before its first and final mission, deliberately using instead the traditional naval salute. He was pessimistic of the chances of success of "Bismarck"s mission and realised that it would be a daunting task.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: The "Bundesmarine" (navy of the Federal Republic of Germany) named the guided missile destroyer after Günther Lütjens. The ship was christened by Gerda Lütjens, wife of Lütjens' oldest son Gerhard, in Bath, Maine on 11 August 1967, and was decommissioned in 2003. In his christening speech the then secretary of state at the Ministry of Defence, Karl Carstens, stated that Lütjens had set an example of "unwavering sense of responsibility and devout faithfulness to duty".<ref name="Der Spiegel 35/1967"></ref>


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Choosing the name "Lütjens" for the newly commissioned destroyer was not without controversy, but the Minister of Defence Gerhard Schröder wanted to break the taboo surrounding the heroes of World War II who were not Nazis but who were not associated with the 20 July plot, the failed assassination of Adolf Hitler. The former Inspector of the Navy Ruge had feared that Lütjens was not known well enough and had suggested the names "Adenauer", "Berlin" and "Rommel" instead. Schröder however wanted to bridge the gap to former traditions and wanted to name the destroyers after former heroes of the three branches of the Wehrmacht ("Heer", "Kriegsmarine" and "Luftwaffe"). Lütjens' name had previously been cleared by the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office ("Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt" or MGFA), formerly in Freiburg im Breisgau. Schröder concluded with the words "We must have the courage like any other people, to honour men who have served their country bravely and faithfully."


title: Günther Lütjens

text: Following the christening an American worker at the Bath Iron Works approached and asked the attending German journalists "do you only have Nazi heroes back home in Germany?" US newspapers had introduced the namesake as a former Nazi sea hero. Present at the christening was a Bundeswehr helicopter which had been used to shuttle the official German government visitors around, and it bore the insignia of the Bundeswehr, a variant of the Iron Cross. When US radio reporters caught sight of the helicopter they mistakenly referred to the Iron Cross insignia as a swastika in their reports, thus further adding to the controversy.


title: Günther Lütjens

text: "Lütjens" was the first of three s. The other two were , named after the "Luftwaffe" World War II fighter pilot Werner Mölders, and , named after the Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The Suzuki Dzire (stylized as the Suzuki DZire, previously known as Suzuki Swift Dzire but still sold as Suzuki Swift sedan in Colombia) is a subcompact sedan made by Suzuki for the Indian market since 2008. It was developed as a sedan variation of the Swift hatchback.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The Dzire was launched in 2008 and was based on the first generation Swift hatchback. It was introduced as a subcompact sedan for the Indian market in order to offer a sedan-like car in a smaller size. Later, in order to get the tax benefits offered to cars with a length below 4 meters in India, it was converted into a sub-4-meter sedan.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The Swift Dzire was introduced with a 1.3 L petrol engine and a Fiat-sourced 1.3 L diesel engine. Due to the BS IV emission norms in 2010, Maruti replaced the petrol engine with a 1.2 L K-series engine.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: This generation was discontinued in 2012 for general buyers but continued to be produced until 2016 for fleet operators as the Swift Dzire Tour.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The second generation Swift Dzire was based on the second generation Swift hatchback. This update was a very significant one as its length was reduced below four meters in order to get the tax benefit offered to sub-4-meter cars. A 1.2 L K-series petrol engine was introduced, and a 1.3 L DDiS turbo-diesel engine. A four-speed automatic transmission option was only available in the VXi trim.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: Maruti Suzuki launched the DZire ZDi with Automatic Gear Shift (AGS) in January 2016. The 5-speed automated manual transmission (AMT) is paired to the 1.3 L DDiS turbodiesel engine.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The second generation Dzire is still available in India for fleet operators as the Dzire Tour S. Initially the 1.3 L turbodiesel engine was also available, but then dropped in April 2020 due the implementation of BS6 emissions standard. Currently only 1.2 L petrol and CNG engine are available, paired with a 5-speed manual transmission.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: Maruti Suzuki launched the third generation Dzire sedan in India on 16 May 2017. The third generation is based on the third generation of the Suzuki Swift. However, for the first time ever, it drops the "Swift" nameplate from its name (except in Colombia and Guatemala where it is marketed as Swift Sedan). The second-generation Dzire continued to be produced and sold exclusively to fleet operators in India, while being rebadged as the Dzire Tour S.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: It is built on the HEARTECT platform which uses ultra-high tensile and high tensile steel in its construction, so as to not comprise on structural rigidity. Despite being lighter, Suzuki claims that the vehicle is compliant with frontal and side impact regulations, as well as meets pedestrian safety regulations. The car is also wider and offers increased space for the occupant. Suzuki also claims that the third generation Dzire has 55 mm better rear legroom, as compared to the previous model. Moreover, the boot space has been increased to .


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: It has a completely revised external body design with a special focus on the front section. It has a newly designed large hexagonal grille in the front section flanked by an all-new projector headlamps and a strip of LED DRLs running on the cluster. The body loses its overly bulgy nature and looks cleaner than before.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: The engine options on offer at launch include a 1.2 L K12M motor producing and of torque, while the diesel gets the 1.3 L D13A DDiS motor with and of torque. Both engines can be had with a 5-speed manual or 5-speed AMT. The petrol models is rated and the diesel models are rated at in the fuel economy department.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: Facelifted model appeared in March 2020. It comes with redesigned front end with wider grille and modern wood finish interiors, plus new features such as cruise control and VSC (AMT only). For the Indian market, a more refined 1.2 L K12N Dualjet petrol engine was used, replacing the previous petrol and diesel engines. The CNG variant of K12N engine was launched for Indian market in March 2022.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: Maruti Suzuki Dzire has been leading the subcompact segment in India ever since its second generation was introduced. Back in 2015, the company added another feature to its hat by crossing the sales mark of 1 million (1 million) sold units in the domestic market. The car has been grossing up a sales number of over 15,000 and close to 20,000 in the 2016–17 period where it has registered more than double the sales number of its competitors like the Honda Amaze, Hyundai Xcent and Tata Zest.


title: Suzuki Dzire

text: In 2015, the Suzuki Dzire won J.D. Power's Most Appealing Entry Mid-size Car and the Most Dependable Mid-size Car.


title: Beatrice Alda

text: Beatrice Alda is an American actress and filmmaker who appeared in "The Four Seasons" and "Men of Respect".


title: Beatrice Alda

text: Alda played Lisa in the 1981 film, "The Four Seasons", directed by her father, and reprised the role in the 1984 television series of the same name. She played Judy, the daughter of Steve, played by her real life father, in the 1988 film "A New Life".


title: Beatrice Alda

text: Alda and her wife filmmaker Jennifer Brooke co-directed and produced the 2008 documentary film "Out Late", which follows the lives of people who came out as gay, lesbian, and transgender while they were senior citizens. They also co-directed and produced the 2016 documentary "Legs: a Big Issue in a Small Town" about a controversy surrounding a giant Larry Rivers sculpture in a small American town.


title: Beatrice Alda

text: Alda is the daughter of actor Alan Alda and author and photographer Arlene Weiss. Her sisters are Eve and actress Elizabeth Alda. Alda has four children with wife Jennifer Brooke.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: Veneno (previously Veneno: Vida y Muerte de un Icono) is a 2020 Spanish biographical television limited series, created by Javier Ambrossi and Javier Calvo that aired on Atresplayer Premium in Spain from 29 March to 25 October 2020. The series, which tells the life and death of Spanish transgender singer and television personality Cristina Ortiz Rodríguez, better known by the nickname "La Veneno", is based on the biography "¡Digo! Ni puta ni santa. Las memorias de La Veneno" by Valeria Vegas.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: The full season was scheduled to be released on 29 March 2020 on subscription streaming platform Atresplayer Premium but, due to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, production and post-production could not be completed. Thus, only the first of eight episodes aired on that date. The second episode aired on 28 June 2020. The third episode aired on 20 September 2020, and the rest of the episodes were released on a weekly basis. The series' soundtrack including cover versions by Amaia, Álex de Lucas and Jedet as well as the original song "Nunca Debiste Cruzar el Mississippi" by Leiva, was released on digital platforms on 29 October.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: In May 2019 it was announced that Javier Calvo and Javier Ambrossi were in talks to produce, write and direct a biopic about the life of Spanish transgender TV personality "La Veneno" for Atresmedia. In November 2019 the cast was confirmed, with Jedet, Daniela Santiago and Isabel Torres being selected to play the main character, Cristina Ortiz, in the series. The selection was very well received by the general public who thanked the duo for choosing three genuine transgender women to play a transgender woman. Filming began on December 16 in Isleta del Moro, a small town in the province of Almería. Production later extended to Adra, Valencia and the Community of Madrid (with special focus at the Casa de Campo) and was scheduled to last four months, ending in March 2020. Production was shut in early March due to Spain's national lockdown, decreed on March 14 and caused by the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, which had already infected over 5,000 people by that date.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: On January 17 and 25, the first two teasers were posted on social media. On January 28 it was announced that the series would be released on Atresmedia Premium in March 2020. The official release date was revealed on February 14. The series' poster was revealed on March 6 with the final trailer being released a week later.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: "Veneno" focuses on the life and death of one of the most important and beloved LGBT icons in Spain, known as La Veneno (Cristina Ortiz). Despite being known for her charisma, and a fun personality, La Veneno's life and death remains an enigma. This story tells the experiences of a struggling transgender woman, who achieved fame with television appearances in the 90s and conquered the audience with a unique vision of the world. Throughout her life, the LGBT story in Spain is narrated from the 1960s to the present day.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: The series follows the story of Valeria Vegas, a journalism student who never understood why people called her by a name that was not her own, the same thing that happened to Cristina, by then misnamed “Joselito” and the same one she had they have to survive a cruel and violent childhood under the Spain of the 60s. Two women who were born in very different times but who end up united forever when Valeria decides to write a book about the life of the iconic Cristina, La Veneno. The series also talks about the importance and relevance of mass media, how it can popularize or marginalize in just one second.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: The last decade of the second millennium was an amazing and turbulent one for Spain. The 1992 Summer Olympic Games were held in Barcelona transforming the city entirely and showing the world the new open and democratic Spain after the Francoist Dictatorship, the 1992 Universal Exposition was held in Seville as Spain started an internationalization process to let the world get to know the country. Tourism flourished and so did the economy. What visitors did not know was that the country was in a process of moral reconstruction after a 35-year totalitarian dictatorship, and many were still fanatics of that kind of politics. The mentality of the dictatorship included press and personal censorship, repression and persecution of minorities or left-wing people. After this dark period the social movement popularly known as "Movida Madrileña" started. This movement consisted of making use of the freedom Spaniards had been deprived of. Musicians, journalists and ordinary people could now express themselves completely without being afraid of being taken to prison or being assassinated. Thus, Madrid became this paradise of liberty within Spain, filled with parties, wild life and cultural activities from all kinds of ideologies. The democratic transition started in the 1980s even though the essence and soul of Franco was still present after his death. The first five years of the 1990s in Spain were a dark, life-changing period for the country due to the huge amount of corruption scandals, terrorist attacks and the murder of three 14-year-old girls in the province of Valencia. The girls (according to the official report) were kidnapped in November 1992 by two young men after they both agreed to take them to a youth club in Picassent. They were taken to a ruined rural house in the middle of the hills in Tous where they were raped, tortured and killed. Throughout the investigation, the discovery of the bodies in January 1993, their respective funerals and judgments, the media was always present since one of the girls' parents went to the press in first instance in order to help with the search for their daughter. When it was revealed that the girls hitchhiked to get to the club (something very normal at that time), women's freedoms were considerably reduced due to the histeria generated by this event. The essence of freedom in Spain declined and social chronic shows started appearing on national television.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: One of the most popular and most important of these was "" (), hosted by journalist Pepe Navarro. This TV show mixed humorous sketches and news of social chronicle. It is mostly known because of its humor and in major part due to its exhaustive investigation and reporting of the Alcàsser Girls murder. "El Mississippi", aired on Telecinco, became the most-watched late night show in Spain. In April 1996 journalist Faela Sainz, had to make a report for Navarro's show. After being scammed in her first attempt to report from Chueca, Sainz drove to the Parque del Oeste to film how prostitution took place in Madrid, to show the world something that was still not talked about in the press. Separated in two "districts", the park was filled with transgender and cisgender prostitutes. The journalist, alongside a camera and audio man, interviewed some of them. At one point she interviews Cristina Ortiz Rodríguez who adopted the alias of "La Veneno" due to the 1976 Los Chunguitos track "Dame Veneno". The interview with La Veneno aired on live television on April 15. The audience constantly wrote into the show asking when she was going to make an appearance. After two weeks of insisting, Ortiz made an appearance on the show on April 29, 1996 and became a regular castmember. Her undeniable beauty, unbelievably raw stories, coarse language, light and sense of humor captivated the public, making Navarro's show reach 8 million viewers every time she made an appearance. La Veneno became one of the first transgender people to show Spain the raw but true reality of prostitution, poverty and disrespect for minorities even from their own family members. Since that moment, she became an instant LGBT icon in Spain and a voice for all transgender people who have been repressed for their personal identity. When "Esta Noche Cruzamos el Mississippi" ended in 1997, La Veneno did two R-rated movies, released an EP and continued appearing in other television shows like "La Sonrisa del Pelícano" or "Sálvame". In 2003 she was sent to prison due to fraud. After being released from prison in 2006, a transgender student Valeria Vegas from the University of Valencia met La Veneno and became close with her. In October 2016 La Veneno's memories ""¡Digo! Ni Puta ni Santa. Las Memorias de la Veneno"" (), written by Vegas, were released.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: Since the release of the series' first episode on 29 March 2020, the number of subscribers to Atresplayer Premium grew 42%, reaching 3.3 million subscribers. "Veneno" had the best debut of a series in the platform's history and became the most-watched programme on Atresplayer Premium being 10 times more watched than any other show on it to date. The series' second episode aired on 28 June, to celebrate the cancelled Pride Day. On 12 August, Atresmedia announced that the third episode would be available on their platform on September 20. Starting then, a new episode was launched every Sunday, marking the series' end on 25 October 2020. The first three episodes were screened at more than 200 Spanish cinemas on 17 September. To mark the launch of the last episode on the streaming platform, the first two episodes aired on free-to-air channel Antena 3 on 25 October 2020. They were the most-watched show of the day in Spain, with over 2.5 million viewers for the first episode.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: In July 2020, HBO Max acquired the streaming rights to the series for the United States and Latin America. The series premiered on HBO Max on 19 November 2020.


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: "Veneno" received acclaim from critics upon release. Several critics named the series "a must see", "a moving and complex story within a brilliant fiction that is emotional and necessary", "an interesting and risky proposal about the Spanish icon" as well as "a work of art".


title: Veneno (TV series)

text: In June 2020 it was announced that the series' main cast was selected as the barker for the 2020 Gay Pride in Madrid. However, "Veneno" reached its popularity peak in October 2020, as the series was coming to an end. On 10 October 2020, the City Council of Madrid announced that a new commemorative plaque of La Veneno would be placed at the Parque del Oeste due to popular demand after the first one was vandalized and stolen a week after its placement in April 2019 during the presidency of Manuela Carmena. On October 15 a huge promotional canvas was placed in the centre of Gran Vía, Madrid's most transitted and most important avenue. This marks the first time an LGBT series is promoted in this avenue in particular. On October 18, Spanish vice president Pablo Iglesias stated on Twitter that the series "makes you cry, laugh, remember, empathize, but above all, it makes you understand the savage pain that trans people have been and are inflicted on, simply by being themselves. I hope a lot of young people see the series". This caused a lot of people to react negatively against the Government of Spain, who promised a national "Trans Law" back in 2015. On October 30, Minister of Equality Irene Montero announced that the law would be voted by the Spanish people before being submitted for approval by the government in the following months. This would allow transgender people to change their name and gender in the official documentation without presenting medical evidence of transition nor taking hormones. Spain's law stated before this that you had to present medical evidence to do so as well as taking hormones for 2 months without interruption. Montero had previously recommended "Veneno" on RNE "to understand the stigma that trans people suffer". "Veneno" also became the only Spanish series to be included in the prestigious FreshTV Fiction list as one of the most innovative productions of MIPCOM 2020. It was also nominated for a Premio Iris for Best Direction and its main characters won the Premio Ondas for Best Female Performance in a Fiction.


title: Brísingamen

text: In Norse mythology, Brísingamen (or Brísinga men) is the torc or necklace of the goddess Freyja. The name is an Old Norse compound "brísinga-men" whose second element is "men" "(ornamental) neck-ring (of precious metal), torc". The etymology of the first element is uncertain. It has been derived from Old Norse "brísingr", a poetic term for "fire" or "amber" mentioned in the anonymous versified word-lists ("þulur") appended to many manuscripts of the Prose Edda, making Brísingamen "gleaming torc", "sunny torc", or the like. However, "Brísingr" can also be an ethnonym, in which case "Brísinga men" is "torque of the Brísings"; the Old English parallel in "Beowulf" supports this derivation, though who the Brísings (Old Norse "Brísingar") may have been remains unknown.


title: Brísingamen

text: Brísingamen is referred to in the Anglo-Saxon epic "Beowulf" as "Brosinga mene". The brief mention in "Beowulf" is as follows (trans. by Howell Chickering, 1977):


title: Brísingamen

text: The "Beowulf" poet is clearly referring to the legends about Theoderic the Great. The "Þiðrekssaga" tells that the warrior Heime ("Háma" in Old English) takes sides against Ermanaric ("Eormanric"), king of the Goths, and has to flee his kingdom after robbing him; later in life, Hama enters a monastery and gives them all his stolen treasure. However, this saga makes no mention of the great necklace.


title: Brísingamen

text: In the poem "Þrymskviða" of the "Poetic Edda", Þrymr, the king of the jǫtnar, steals Thor's hammer, Mjölnir. Freyja lends Loki her falcon cloak to search for it; but upon returning, Loki tells Freyja that Þrymr has hidden the hammer and demanded to marry her in return. Freyja is so wrathful that all the Æsir’s halls beneath her are shaken and the necklace Brísingamen breaks off from her neck. Later Thor borrows Brísingamen when he dresses up as Freyja to go to the wedding at Jǫtunheimr.


title: Brísingamen

text: "Húsdrápa", a skaldic poem partially preserved in the "Prose Edda", relates the story of the theft of Brísingamen by Loki. One day when Freyja wakes up and finds Brísingamen missing, she enlists the help of Heimdallr to help her search for it. Eventually they find the thief, who turns out to be Loki who has transformed himself into a seal. Heimdallr turns into a seal as well and fights Loki. After a lengthy battle at Singasteinn, Heimdallr wins and returns Brísingamen to Freyja.


title: Brísingamen

text: Snorri Sturluson quoted this old poem in "Skáldskaparmál", saying that because of this legend Heimdallr is called "Seeker of Freyja's Necklace" ("Skáldskaparmál", section 8) and Loki is called "Thief of Brísingamen" ("Skáldskaparmál", section 16). A similar story appears in the later "Sörla þáttr", where Heimdallr does not appear.


title: Brísingamen

text: Sörla þáttr is a short story in the later and extended version of the "Saga of Olaf Tryggvason" in the manuscript of the "Flateyjarbók", which was written and compiled by two Christian priests, Jon Thordson and Magnus Thorhalson, in the late 14th century. In the end of the story, the arrival of Christianity dissolves the old curse that traditionally was to endure until Ragnarök.


title: Brísingamen

text: The battle of Högni and Heðinn is recorded in several medieval sources, including the skaldic poem "Ragnarsdrápa", "Skáldskaparmál" (section 49), and "Gesta Danorum": king Högni's daughter, Hildr, is kidnapped by king Heðinn. When Högni comes to fight Heðinn on an island, Hildr comes to offer her father a necklace on behalf of Heðinn for peace; but the two kings still battle, and Hildr resurrects the fallen to make them fight until Ragnarök. None of these earlier sources mentions Freyja or king Olaf Tryggvason, the historical figure who Christianized Norway and Iceland in the 10th Century.


title: Brísingamen

text: A Völva was buried with considerable splendour in Hagebyhöga in Östergötland, Sweden. In addition to being buried with her wand, she had received great riches which included horses, a wagon and an Arabian bronze pitcher. There was also a silver pendant, which represents a woman with a broad necklace around her neck. This kind of necklace was only worn by the most prominent women during the Iron Age and some have interpreted it as Freyja's necklace Brísingamen. The pendant may represent Freyja herself.


title: Brísingamen

text: Alan Garner wrote a children's fantasy novel called "The Weirdstone of Brisingamen", published in 1960, about an enchanted teardrop bracelet.


title: Brísingamen

text: Freyja's necklace Brisingamen features prominently in Betsy Tobin's novel "Iceland", where the necklace is seen to have significant protective powers.


title: Brísingamen

text: The Brisingamen feature as a major item in Joel Rosenberg's Keepers of the Hidden Ways series of books. In it, there are seven jewels that were created for the necklace by the Dwarfs and given to the Norse goddess. She in turn eventually split them up into the seven separate jewels and hid them throughout the realm, as together they hold the power to shape the universe by its holder. The book's plot is about discovering one of them and deciding what to do with the power they allow while avoiding Loki and other Norse characters.


title: Brísingamen

text: In Christopher Paolini's "Inheritance Cycle", the word "brisingr" means fire. This is probably a distillation of the word "brisinga".


title: Brísingamen

text: Ursula Le Guin's short story "Semley's Necklace", the first part of her novel "Rocannon's World", is a retelling of the Brisingamen story on an alien planet.


title: Brísingamen

text: Brisingamen is represented as a card in the "Yu-Gi-Oh!" Trading Card Game, "Nordic Relic Brisingamen".


title: Brísingamen

text: Brisingamen was part of MMORPG "Ragnarok Online" lore, which is ranked as "God item". The game is heavily based from Norse mythology.


title: Brísingamen

text: In the "Firefly Online" game, one of the planets of the Himinbjörg system (which features planets named after figures from Germanic mythology) is named Brisingamen. It is third from the star, and has moons named Freya, Beowulf, and Alberich.


title: Brísingamen

text: In the French comics "Freaks' Squeele", the character of Valkyrie accesses her costume change ability by touching a decorative torque necklace affixed to her forehead, named Brizingamen.


title: King William Island

text: King William Island (; previously: King William Land; ) is an island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, which is part of the Arctic Archipelago. In area it is between and making it the 61st-largest island in the world and Canada's 15th-largest island. Its population, as of the 2021 census, was 1,349, all of whom live in the island's only community, Gjoa Haven.


title: King William Island

text: While searching for the Northwest Passage, a number of polar explorers visited, or spent their winters on, King William Island.


title: King William Island

text: The island is separated from the Boothia Peninsula by the James Ross Strait to the northeast, and the Rae Strait to the east. To the west is the Victoria Strait and beyond it Victoria Island. Within the Simpson Strait, to the south of the island, is Todd Island, and beyond it, further to the south, is the Adelaide Peninsula. Queen Maud Gulf lies to the southwest.


title: King William Island

text: Some places on the coast are: (counter clockwise from the northern tip) Cape Felix, Victory Point and Gore Point at the mouth of Collinson Inlet, Point Le Vesconte, Erebus Bay, Cape Crozier, (south side) Terror Bay, Irving Islands, Washington Bay, Cape Herschel, Gladman Point, entrance to Simpson Strait, Todd Islets, (east side) Gjoa Haven, Matheson Peninsula, Latrobe Bay, Cape Norton at mouth of Peel Inlet, Matty Island, Tennent Islands, Clarence Islands, Cape Felix.


title: King William Island

text: The island is known for its large populations of Barren-ground caribou, which summer there before migrating in the autumn by walking south over the sea ice.


title: King William Island

text: The island was long occupied by Inuit, who had a culture adapted to the extreme environment. In 1830, the British explorer James Clark Ross named it "King William Land" for King William IV the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; Ross thought at the time that it was a peninsula. Some sources credit his uncle, John Ross with naming the land. In 1834, George Back, another Arctic explorer, viewed its south shore from Chantrey Inlet and eventually recognised it as an island.


title: King William Island

text: Sir John Franklin, another British explorer, made an Arctic expedition looking for the Northwest Passage about a decade later; his two ships became stranded in 1846 when frozen in the sea ice northwest of the island. After abandoning the two ships, most of the crew died from exposure and starvation as they attempted to walk south near the western coastline. Two of Franklin's men were buried at Hall Point on the island's south coast. The ships were believed lost forever, as many subsequent expeditions were unable to find them.


title: King William Island

text: It was not until June 29, 1981, that researchers finally had luck. A team led by Canadian archaeologist Owen Beattie, found 31 pieces of human bone fragments on the southern tip of the island, called Booth Point.


title: King William Island

text: On September 9, 2014, Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the Victoria Strait Expedition had located one of Franklin's two ships beneath shallow waters south of King William Island. It is preserved in very good condition; the side-scan sonar could detect the deck planking. By the beginning of October, the wreck had been identified as HMS "Erebus". The other expedition vessel, HMS "Terror", was found in 2016 in Terror Bay, off the south-west coast of King William Island.


title: King William Island

text: George Porter was born on a whaling ship near Herschel Island in 1895 to Mary Kappak and W.P.S. Porter. George was schooled in Alaska. In 1913 he was a sailor on the "Elvira" and travelled with the explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson. After briefly working as a reindeer herder in Siberia, he enlisted with the US military near the end of the First World War. In 1919, George was discharged from the Army in Iowa. In 1921 George sailed to Australia. Later George guided Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) commander Henry Larsen on many trips. George Porter eventually made Gjoa Haven on King William Island his home, where he worked as the manager of the Hudson's Bay Company trading post for a career of 25 years.


title: King William Island

text: In 1903, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, looking for the Northwest Passage, sailed through the James Ross Strait and stopped at a natural harbour on the island's south coast. Unable to proceed due to sea ice, he spent the winters of 1903–1904 and 1904–1905 there. During his stays, he learned Arctic living skills from the local Netsilik. He used his ship "Gjøa" as a base for explorations in the summer of 1904, during which he travelled by dogsled on the Boothia Peninsula and to the North Magnetic Pole. After 22 months on the island, Amundsen left in August 1905. The harbour where he lived has the island's only settlement, Gjoa Haven. Amundsen used skills learned from the Inuit when he made his later expedition to the South Pole.


title: King William Island

text: Like many places in the high Arctic the island has a tundra climate (Köppen: "ET"), its winter is long and cold and the summers are cool, melting part of the ice; with low precipitation, it is a "cold desert".


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Jeane Dixon (January 5, 1904 – January 25, 1997) was one of the best-known American psychics and astrologers of the twentieth century, owing to her prediction of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, her syndicated newspaper astrology column, some well-publicized predictions, and a best-selling biography.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon was born Lydia Emma Pinckert, one of 10 siblings born to Richard Franz Pinckert, a native of Gräfenhainichen, Wittenberg,


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Saxony-Anhalt, and his wife, Luise Johanne Emma ( Graefe), both Roman Catholics. Dixon was born in Medford, Wisconsin, but raised in Missouri and California. Her birth date was often reported as 1918, and Dixon would proffer this date to reporters, at one point even producing a passport to this effect, but she once testified in a deposition that she was born in 1910. An investigation by a reporter for the "National Observer", who interviewed family members and examined official records, concluded she was born in 1904.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: In southern California, her future husband, James "Jimmy" Dixon, owned an automobile dealership with Hal Roach, an American film and television producer and director.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon claimed that while growing up in California, a "Gypsy" gave her a crystal ball and read her palm, predicting she would become a famous seer and advise powerful people.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: She was married to James Dixon, who had been previously divorced, from 1939 until his death. The couple had no children. James Dixon was a car dealer in California, who later ran a successful real estate company in Washington, D.C. Dixon worked with her husband in the business for many years and served as the company's president.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon reportedly predicted the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. In the May 13, 1956, issue of "Parade Magazine" she wrote that the 1960 presidential election would be "dominated by labor and won by a Democrat" who would then go on to "be assassinated or die in office though not necessarily in his first term". In 1960, as the election neared, she changed her mind and incorrectly predicted that Richard Nixon would win. She later admitted she "saw Richard Nixon as the winner" and made unequivocal predictions that he would win. She appeared in the film "The Man Who Saw Tomorrow", considering the predictions of Nostradamus and discussing her prediction of Kennedy's assassination.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon wrote seven books, including her autobiography, a horoscope book for dogs, and an astrological cookbook. She gained public awareness through the biography "A Gift of Prophecy: The Phenomenal Jeane Dixon", written by syndicated columnist Ruth Montgomery. Published in 1965, the book sold more than 3 million copies. She was a devout Roman Catholic and attributed her prophetic ability to God. Another million-seller, "My Life and Prophecies", was credited "as told to Rene Noorbergen", but Dixon was sued by Adele Fletcher, who claimed that her rejected manuscript was rewritten and published as that book. Fletcher was awarded 5% of the royalties by a jury.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: In 1967, Dixon was called by Webb and Etoila Hunter in Decatur, Alabama, who were searching for their 34-year-old missing daughter, Mary Faye Hunter. Dixon told the family that Mary Faye was okay; however, Mary Faye was found dead several months after her disappearance. In 1969, she was asked to find Dennis Lloyd Martin, a six-year-old boy who had gone missing in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee. She failed to do so.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Richard Nixon followed Dixon's writing through his secretary, Rose Mary Woods, and met with Dixon in the Oval Office in 1971. The following year, her prediction of terrorist attacks in the United States in the wake of the Munich massacre spurred Nixon to create a cabinet committee on counterterrorism. She was one of several astrologers who gave advice to Nancy Reagan.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon predicted that before the end of the twentieth century, a pope would suffer bodily harm while another would be assassinated. These would purportedly correspond with the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II, and allegations of assassination of Pope John Paul I. She also stated that dissatisfied cardinals would replace a serving pope, which may have referred to John Paul I.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: In her 1971 book, "The Call to Glory", Dixon predicted that an apocalyptic "war of Armageddon" would occur in 2020. In her 1969 book "My Life and Prophecies", she apparently predicted a war between China and Russia would occur between 2025 and 2037, initiated and won by China.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: John Allen Paulos, a mathematician at Temple University, explored the tendency of Dixon and her fans to promote her few correct predictions while ignoring the larger number of incorrect predictions, naming this habit "the Jeane Dixon effect."


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Many of Dixon's predictions proved erroneous, such as her claims that a dispute over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would trigger the start of World War III in 1958, that American labor leader Walter Reuther would run for president of the United States in the 1964 presidential election, that the second child of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and his young wife Margaret would be a girl (it was a boy), and that the Soviets would be the first to put men on the Moon.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: In his book "The Mask of Nostradamus", James Randi also notes that it is a common strategy of prophets to make many predictions, hope that some come true, and subsequently ignore all the incorrect predictions. Randi notes a series of incorrect predictions that Dixon made, also noting that these are only a few from a ""very" long" list. Among these include the predictions that US President Richard Nixon would survive the Watergate scandal and make a comeback, that Russia would be the first country to put a man on the moon, that China would start World War III in 1958, and that the Vietnam War would end in 1966.


title: Jeane Dixon

text: Dixon suffered cardiac arrest and died at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., on January 25, 1997. Before her death, she uttered the words "I knew this would happen." Many of her possessions ended up with Leo M. Bernstein, an investor and banker in Washington, D.C., whose clients included Dixon. In 2002, he opened the Jeane Dixon Museum and Library in Strasburg, Virginia. Bernstein died in 2008. In July 2009, the possessions of the museum, 500 boxes in all, were scheduled to be auctioned.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The Rizal Monument (original title: Motto Stella; Latin: "guiding star") is a memorial in Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines built to commemorate the executed Filipino nationalist, José Rizal. The monument consists of a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, with an obelisk, set on a stone base within which his remains are interred, holding his 2 famous novels "El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere". A plaque on the pedestal's front reads: "To the memory of José Rizal, patriot and martyr, executed on Bagumbayan Field December Thirtieth 1896. This monument is dedicated by the people of the Philippine Islands."


title: Rizal Monument

text: The perimeter of the monument is guarded continuously by the Philippine Marine Corps’ Marine Security and Escort Group, the changing of the guard having become a daily ritual. About north-northwest of the monument is the exact location where Rizal was executed, marked by life-size dioramas depicting his final moments. The landmark is the most recognizable monument in Luneta. The Rizal Monument serves a meaningful national heritage for Filipinos, commemorating the heroic act of Jose Rizal to his country.


title: Rizal Monument

text: An exact replica of the Rizal Monument can be found in Madrid, Spain at the junction of "Avenida de Las Islas Filipinas" and "Calle Santander".


title: Rizal Monument

text: There is also no official explanation of the meaning of the monument's details. The monument depicts Rizal in an overcoat holding a book, that has the title "NOLI ME TÁNGERE" inscribed. This is contrary to the usual representation of the book as a symbol of both the inscribed novel and its sequel El Filibusterismo, as well as Rizal's annotation of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. The obelisk is usually taken to mean Rizal's masonic background while the three stars are said to stand for Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao. The figures at the back of the monument, such as leaves and a pot, are said to symbolize the country's natural resources. The consensus is that the figures beside Rizal—a mother rearing her child and two young boys reading—signify family and education.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The Rizal Monument was planned and constructed during the American colonial period of the Philippines in the early 20th century.


title: Rizal Monument

text: On September 28, 1901, the United States Philippine Commission approved Act No. 243, that granted the right to use public land upon the Luneta in the city of Manila, where the monument was erected to commemorate the memory of José Rizal, Philippine patriot, writer, and poet. The act stated that the monument would not only bear a statue of the hero, but would also house his remains. The act also created a committee on the Rizal monument that consisted of Pascual Poblete, Paciano Rizal (José's brother), Juan Tuason, Teodoro R. Yangco, Mariano Limjap, Máximo Paterno, Ramón Genato, Tomás G. del Rosario, and Ariston Bautista. The members were tasked, among others, with raising funds through popular subscriptions.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The committee held an international design competition between 1905–1907 and invited sculptors from Europe and the United States to submit entries with material preference produced in the archipelago. The estimated cost of the monument was ₱100,000. The insular government donated ₱30,000 for the fund. By January 1905, that goal had been oversubscribed. When the campaign closed in August 1912, the amount collected had reached ₱135,195.61.


title: Rizal Monument

text: On January 8, 1908, the judging committee composed of then Governor-General James F. Smith, John T. MacLeod, and Máximo M. Paterno, officially announced its decision through the press. The first-prize winner was of Carrara, Italy for his scaled plaster model titled ""Al Mártir de Bagumbayan"" (To the Martyr of Bagumbayan) besting 40 other accepted entries. Nicoli won the ₱5,000.00 first prize for his design depicting a monument rising high with a base of . The base was to be rendered in two shades of gray marble while the pedestal, in two shades of white marble. Among his other plans were the use of marble from Italy and the incorporation of more elaborate figurative elements.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The contract was awarded to second-placer Swiss sculptor named Richard Kissling for his ""Motto Stella"" (Guiding Star). Many accounts explained why the contract landed to Kissling, one is Nicoli's inability to post the required performance bond of ₱20,000 for the duration of the monument's construction. Some sources say that Nicoli failed to show up at the designated date for the signing of the job contract. Another narrative declared Kissling's quotation was lower than that of Nicoli. A complaint was reportedly filed by Nicoli through the courts of justice.


title: Rizal Monument

text: Some of the local press lambasted Kissling's model. It was satirized in a cartoon and labeled "vulgar y tosco", meaning "lousy". The constituents of the Jury of Awards – none of whom were artists, architects nor engineers – were also questioned. There were plans for the famous Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo to inspect and modify the design. However, the latter was ultimately left "as it is" since the bronze of the statues had already been cast in Switzerland.


title: Rizal Monument

text: More than twelve years after the Philippine Commissions approval of the Act, the shrine was finally unveiled on December 30, 1913 during Rizal's 17th death anniversary. The remains of Rizal interred in the monument which consisted of bones because after his execution, he was secretly buried without a coffin at Paco Cemetery. There was an account of how his sister Narcisa ultimately discovered the burial site and how she bribed the caretaker to mark the site with RPJ—Rizal's initials in reverse.


title: Rizal Monument

text: His poem, now popularly known as ""Mi Último Adiós"" ("My Last Farewell") is inscribed on the memorial plaque.


title: Rizal Monument

text: During World War II in 1943, the Japanese government issued "invasion money" to occupied territories in the Pacific area of operations, one of which was the Philippines. Out of three series, the second was issued in 1, 5, 10, and 100 pesos only. All have the Rizal Monument vignette on the banknote.


title: Rizal Monument

text: In Rizal's birth centenary year of 1961, a stainless steel pylon was superimposed over the granite obelisk, increasing the structure's height from 12.7 meters to 30.5 meters. The remodeling undertaken by the Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission (JRNCC) was widely criticized. Many found the gleaming modern steel shaft incompatible with the somber granite base. Moreover, the latter seemed to dwarf the much smaller Rizal figure. Others simply disliked the idea of tampering with a popular and traditional image.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The designer of the remodeling was Juan Nakpil, who later became the country's first National Artist for Architecture. He quoted former Secretary of Education and JRNCC chair Manuel Lim as envisioning the pylon as a convenient reference point for incoming boats, and for people lost around the city.


title: Rizal Monument

text: The ₱145,000 shaft was removed two years later under the request of Secretary of Education Alejandro Roces and Director of Public Libraries Carlos Quirino. It was dismantled during Holy Week, reportedly to prevent any court injunction from restraining them as government offices were closed during holidays. The pylon was relocated to the median of the Baclaran section of Roxas Boulevard. But since 1995, the steel pylon had disappeared and its fate remains unknown.


title: Rizal Monument

text: Rizal Monument, as well as Rizal Park, is administered by the National Parks Development Committee, an attached agency of the Department of Tourism.


title: Tallah

text: Founded in 2017, Tallah was formed by drummer Max Portnoy, who asked guitarist Derrick Schneider and bassist Andrew Cooper to join his new project. They picked up two other rhythm guitarists, AJ Wisniewski and Nick Malfara, and tried out a couple of different vocalists, but they were not what Max was looking for. Portnoy knew of future singer Justin Bonitz through Bonitz's YouTube channels, Hungry Lights and Hungry Covers, so he asked his father, Mike Portnoy, to contact Bonitz, and Justin joined the band on January 1, 2018. At the end of 2017, the band had already recorded instrumental demos for their EP "No One Should Read This" and within a week Bonitz had written lyrics and self-recorded vocals for each track. Their first live performance was on January 7, 2018, at The Saint Vitus Bar in Brooklyn, New York, played as a six-piece with three guitarists. while their first music video was released for the track "Placenta" on May 15, 2018. The band then held the supporting slot for A Killer's Confession on tour.


title: Tallah

text: During their first tour, in May 2018, the band released a music video for their first single, "Placenta." One of the three guitarists left, so they continued as a five-piece. In June 2018, AJ left the band, and they picked up Eric Novroski as their new rhythm guitarist. In August 2018, they released a music video for their song "Cottonmouth" and their EP, "No One Should Read This". On April 25, 2019, the band announced that they had signed to Earache Records. On July 18, 2019, the band played a show at The Lizard Lounge in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, during which a frenzied Bonitz climbed onto the ceiling of the venue. A security guard told him to get down, leading to Bonitz punching and kicking the guard. Bonitz claims he did not know the person was a security guard and that they violently grabbed him first while he was still hanging from an I-beam. He was subsequently arrested before being released on bail. The band released a music video for the song "Red Light" on January 21, 2020, and announced that they were entering the studio with Josh Schroeder. In October 2019, the band parted ways with Eric, and in January 2020, they went to the studio as a four-piece, with Alizé "Mewzen" Rodriguez tagging along as their unofficial DJ.


title: Tallah

text: On February 18, 2020, they announced their new album entitled "Matriphagy". Tallah revealed the album's tracklist and release date of October 2, 2020, later releasing the single "The Silo" on June 5, 2020.


title: Tallah

text: Tallah released a live shot concert on October 1, 2020, in which they played their debut album "Matriphagy" from front to back. Here, they announced that Mewzen would be an official member, and they also debuted their new rhythm guitarist, Alex Snowden from Doll Skin.


title: Tallah

text: On April 1, 2021, Tallah announced the "Talladdin" EP alongside the first single "Friend Like Me". This EP consists of five covers from the "Aladdin" soundtrack exclusive to their Patreon page to "Equidae" tier and above.


title: Tallah

text: On August 17, 2021, they released the single and music video "Vanilla Paste", featuring guest vocals from Grant Hood of Guerilla Warfare, AJ Channer of Fire From the Gods, and Tom Barber of Chelsea Grin. On November 21, they announced that they had parted ways with their founding bassist Andrew Cooper, citing musical differences.


title: Tallah

text: On March 9, 2022, they released the single and music video "Telescope", and announced their upcoming album entitled "The Generation of Danger", along with a temporary release date of September 9, 2022. On April 19, 2022, they released the 2nd single off the album, "The Impressionist" with a music video. On August 25, 2022, they announced that the album's release would be pushed back to November 18. On September 1, 2022, they released "Shaken (not stirred)" as a single with a music video. On October 13, 2022, they released the single "For the Recognition" with a music video. On November 10, 2022, they released the fifth and final single "Dicker's Done" with an official audio, a track which had been performed at one of their earliest concerts, but absent from their first album, "Matriphagy". On November 18th, the full album released on all platforms.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: Sniff 'n' the Tears is a British rock band best known for their 1978 song "Driver's Seat", a moderate hit in many countries (including No. 15 on the American "Billboard" Hot 100) (in September 1979). The band is led by singer/songwriter Paul Roberts, the band's sole constant member.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: An early version of Sniff 'n' The Tears had been gigging in England as early as 1974. They were unable to land a record deal and the band's singer/songwriter Paul Roberts decided to dissolve the group and move to France.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: A few years later, Luigi Salvoni, the drummer from a band called Moon, listened to some demos that he and Roberts had cut in about 1975 for a French record label. Hearing some potential in them, he contacted Roberts about approaching Chiswick Records for a deal. Sniff 'n' The Tears subsequently debuted in 1977 as a six-piece band, consisting of Paul Roberts (vocals, acoustic guitar), Loz Netto (guitars), Mick Dyche (guitars), Chris Birkin (bass), Alan Fealdman (keyboards), and Luigi Salvoni (drums & percussion). Both Salvoni and Netto had been in the band Moon, which issued two albums in the UK in 1975/76.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: This line-up recorded the band's first album, "Fickle Heart", which was produced by Salvoni. Guesting on the album as a backing vocalist was Noel McCalla, who had been Moon's lead singer.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: Though recorded in 1978, the album sat unreleased for over a year because Chiswick were in the process of changing their distribution. The band then had a substantial international hit with "Fickle Heart"s lead single "Driver's Seat" in 1979, aided by its driving rhythm, catchy lyrics and a Moog solo contributed by guest musician Keith Miller. However, the band fractured almost immediately after the album's release; in a matter of months, Birkin, Fealdman, and Salvoni all left the group to pursue other interests.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: Nick South took over on bass and would become a permanent member of the band. On tour, Sniff 'n' The Tears were augmented by drummer Paul Robinson and keyboardist Mike Taylor.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: When naming the band, Roberts suggested "The Tears", but their manager suggested "Sniff 'n' the Tears" because Roberts had hay fever and sniffed a lot.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: For the group's second album, 1980's "The Game's Up", the band line-up consisted of Roberts, Netto, Dyche, South, and new keyboard player Mike Taylor. At this point the group had no permanent drummer, and a variety of session drummers were used.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: "The Game's Up" yielded no hits, and Netto left the group to establish a solo career, taking Dyche with him. This left Roberts as the sole remaining original member of Sniff 'n' The Tears. He decided to press on, and recruited Les Davidson as the group's new guitarist and added Jamie Lane as the permanent drummer. This five piece line-up (Roberts, Davidson, Lane, South and Taylor) recorded two albums: "Love/Action" (1981), and "Ride Blue Divide" (1982). Again no hits were spun off from these albums, and after having been dropped by Chiswick Records, the group broke up in 1983.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: Singer and songwriter Paul Roberts went on to make two solo albums for Sonet Records: "City Without Walls" (1985) and "Kettle Drum Blues" (1987), while Loz Netto issued singles like "Fade Away" and "We Touch" (the latter song turning up in an episode of the "Miami Vice" television show).


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: After a decade of inactivity, Sniff 'n' The Tears were unexpectedly revived in 1992, after the use of "Driver's Seat" in a European advertising campaign pushed the 13-year-old recording to the very top of the Dutch chart in mid-1991. Roberts took the opportunity to assemble a new version of Sniff 'n' the Tears, and took them out on the road in the Netherlands and Germany. This version of the band consisted of Roberts and Davidson, with new recruits Jeremy Meek (bass) (Ex Live Wire), Steve Jackson (drums) and Andy Giddings (keyboards). This line-up also cut a new studio album in 1992, "No Damage Done", which was the first new Sniff 'n' the Tears release in a decade.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: "Driver's Seat" was prominently featured on the soundtrack of the 1997 film "Boogie Nights" and had another popular resurgence as a result, although most radio outlets played the 1991 re-release version instead of the original. The song also appeared in The Walking Dead Season 2 Episode 10 "18 Miles Out".


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: The band's next release, 2001's "Underground", featured Roberts singing and playing almost everything. He was credited with vocals, guitars, mandolin, harmonica, keyboards, bass and drum programming. However, longtime group member Les Davidson also played guitar on the album, and new member Robin Langridge handled the bulk of keyboard parts.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: After another long hiatus, the band released their seventh album, "Downstream", in February 2011. The Sniff 'n' the Tears line-up for this album consisted of Paul Roberts (vocals, guitars, bass, keyboard), Les Davidson (guitars), Robin Langridge (keyboards), returning member Nick South (bass). and new member Richard Marcangelo (drums). Marcangelo had previously been a session player on "The Game's Up". Jennifer Maidman, who had played bass on Paul Roberts' two solo albums, also played bass on several tracks.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: A line-up of Roberts, Davidson, South, Langridge and new drummer Paul Robinson issued the album "Random Elements" in 2017. While Roberts remained the band's primary songwriter, for this album Davidson and Langridge also received co-writing credits on a number of tracks. Robinson, meanwhile, had toured with the group as their drummer in the late 1970s; this marked his official entry into the group 37 years later.


title: Sniff 'n' the Tears

text: In 2020, Sniff 'n' The Tears (now consisting only of Roberts and Davidson) issued the album "Jump", which consisted of new acoustic versions of a number of songs in the band's catalogue (including "Driver's Seat".)


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its capital was the city of Stepanakert. The leader of the oblast was the First Secretary of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. The majority of the population were ethnic Armenians.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: The area was disputed between Armenia and Azerbaijan during their short-lived independence from 1918 and 1920. After the Sovietization of Armenia and Azerbaijan, the Kavbiuro organisation decided to keep the area within the Azerbaijan SSR whilst granting it broad regional autonomy. Initially, the principal city of Karabakh, Shusha, and its surrounding villages were to be excluded from the autonomy as they were predominantly Azerbaijani, particularly after the massacre and expulsion of the majority Armenian population of Shusha—this decision was later reversed in 1923 when Shusha was decided to join the NKAO despite protests from Muslim villages who favoured its inclusion into the Kurdistan uezd instead.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: On July 7, 1923, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was created and the capital was moved to Stepanakert. At the time of its formation, its area was . According to the 1926 census, the population of the region was 125,200 people, among whom the Armenians accounted for 89.2 percent. However, by 1989, the share of Armenians dropped to 76.9 percent of the population of the autonomous region. Reasons for this include the policy of Soviet Azerbaijani authorities to settle Azerbaijanis in the region and some out-migration of Karabakh Armenians, as well as the generally higher birthrate among Azerbaijanis than among Armenians.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: Although the question of Nagorno-Karabakh's status did not become a major public issue until the mid-1980s, Armenian intellectuals, Soviet Armenian and Karabakh Armenian leadership periodically made appeals to Moscow for the region's transfer to Soviet Armenia. In 1945, the leader of Soviet Armenia Grigory Arutinov appealed to Stalin to attach the region to Soviet Armenia, which was rejected. In 1965, thirteen Karabakh Armenian party officials wrote to Soviet leadership with their grievances about the attitude of Soviet Azerbaijani officials towards the NKAO. Many of these Karabakh Armenian officials were dismissed or moved to Armenia. The rise of Heydar Aliyev to the leadership of the Azerbaijani SSR in 1969 saw increasing attempts to tighten Baku's control over the autonomous region. In 1973–74 Aliyev purged the entire leadership of the NKAO, who were regarded as Armenian nationalists. He appointed Boris Kevorkov, an Armenian from outside Karabakh, as the First Secretary of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: In 1977, the prominent Armenian author Sero Khanzadyan wrote an open letter to Leonid Brezhnev calling for Nagorno-Karabakh's annexation to Soviet Armenia.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: The conflict between the Armenians in the oblast and the government of the Azerbaijan SSR broke out in 1987. The fighting escalated into the First Nagorno-Karabakh War by the end of 1991. On November 26, 1991, the parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR abolished the autonomous status of the oblast. Its internal administrative divisions were also abolished, and its territory was split up and redistributed amongst the neighbouring administrative rayons of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha, and Kalbajar. In response, the majority Armenian population of the oblast declared their independence as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic which was supported by Armenia. Today, most of the territory of the former oblast is under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. Azerbaijan regained control of the southern part of the former autonomous oblast during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.


title: Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

text: As of 2022, the central and northern part of the NKAO remains under de facto control of the Republic of Artsakh and the Russian peacekeeping mission in Nagorno-Karabakh. The Republic of Artsakh is not formally recognised by any country as the status of the area of the NKAO has been disputed since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. On 26 November 1991, the parliament of Azerbaijan dissolved the NKAO oblast as an administrative division of Azerbaijan through the Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. Shortly after, Armenian residents of the NKAO voted in the 1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum to gain independence from Azerbaijan. Since then, the territory of the autonomous oblast has been in dispute, as shown by the decades long efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group before the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: Nine Track Mind is the debut studio album by American singer Charlie Puth. It was released on January 29, 2016, by Artist Partner Group and Atlantic Records, after being scheduled to be released on November 6, 2015.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: The album's lead single, "Marvin Gaye", which features Meghan Trainor, was originally released as "Some Type of Love"s only single on February 10, 2015, and peaked at number 21 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 , while topping the charts in various countries including France, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The album's second single, "One Call Away", was released on August 20, 2015, reaching number 12 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On May 24, 2016, Puth released the third single "We Don't Talk Anymore", featuring Selena Gomez, with it having peaked at number 9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. A music video for "Dangerously" was released on November 2, 2016.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: Upon release, "Nine Track Mind" was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 6 on the "Billboard" 200 with 65,000 units. The album received negative reviews from critics, who criticized the simplistic production, overt focus on love ballads, and Puth's vocal performance. Puth himself has confessed that he was disappointed at how the album turned out.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: Puth first became known in 2011 for his YouTube cover of Adele's "Someone Like You", which resulted in two guest appearances on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", and him signing to eleveneleven, a record label founded by Ellen DeGeneres. In 2014 and 2015, Puth was working with Wiz Khalifa on "See You Again", written for the film "Furious 7" which opened in April 2015. Puth also invited Meghan Trainor to sing on his song "Marvin Gaye", released in February 2015. "Marvin Gaye" would return as the lead single of "Nine Track Mind".


title: Nine Track Mind

text: The finalized track listing was revealed on December 11, 2015. The final track listing removed the tracks "Know Your Name" and "Hard" and replaced them with "Dangerously" and "We Don't Talk Anymore". "I Won't Tell a Soul" was also due for inclusion on the Japanese edition, but was subsequently removed. Puth embarked on his Nine Track Mind Tour in March 2016. A deluxe edition, containing three new songs, was released on November 11, 2016.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: "Marvin Gaye", which features American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor, was released on February 10, 2015, as the first single from the album. "One Call Away" was announced by Puth as the second single from the album on August 4, 2015, and was released along with the pre-order of the album on August 20, 2015. On May 11, 2016, Puth announced "We Don't Talk Anymore" as the third single from the album. Selena Gomez provides vocals for the song. It impacted US contemporary hit radio on May 24, 2016. Dangerously was sent to Italian radios as the fourth and final single from the album on December 2, 2016. A music video for the song was released on November 2, 2016.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: A music video was released on February 19, 2016, to remix version of "Suffer", directed by Austin Starrett Winchell.


title: Nine Track Mind

text: "Nine Track Mind" received negative reviews from music critics, who were critical of the album's writing, production, and Puth's overall performance. On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the album gained an average score of 37, based on 7 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews," making it the 15th-lowest critic-reviewed album on the site. "The Guardian"'s Rachel Aroesti gave "Nine Track Mind" three out of five stars, saying, "the standard of his songwriting is consistently high, and his central theme — romantic obsession that verges on the masochistic — makes for a record that softly burns." In a negative review for "Pitchfork", Jia Tolentino — recognizing Puth's talent and "considerable abilities" — criticized the album for sounding juvenile, and wrote that "the album's emotional range covers the spectrum from light longing to light infatuation, contributing to the overall sense that "Nine Track Mind" is aimed exclusively at hairlessness: children, prepubescents, the discomfitingly waxed."


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: Diammonium phosphate (DAP; IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate; chemical formula (NH)(HPO) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: According to the diammonium phosphate MSDS from CF Industries, Inc., decomposition starts as low as 70 °C: "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature. Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 °C (158 °F). At 155 °C (311 °F), DAP emits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia."


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: DAP is used as a fertilizer. When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before, upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5–8. The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% PO, 0% KO).


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: DAP can be used as a fire retardant. It lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char. These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. It is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products and is the ingredient in "fire retardant" cigarettes.


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: DAP is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.


title: Diammonium phosphate

text: The compound occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral phosphammite. The related dihydrogen compound occurs as the mineral biphosphammite. Both are related to guano deposits.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: Taylor Wilson (born May 7, 1994) is an American nuclear physicist and science advocate. Wilson achieved controlled nuclear fusion in 2008 when he was 14 years old. He has designed a compact radiation detector to enhance airport security. Wilson works to expand applications for nuclear medicine, and to design and develop modular power reactor technology.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: Taylor Wilson was born in 1994 in Texarkana, Arkansas to Kenneth and Tiffany Wilson. His father is the owner of a Coca-Cola bottling plant, and his mother was a yoga instructor. Wilson was initially interested in rocketry and space science, before entering the field of nuclear science at age 10. He had a lot of support from his parents. He resides in Reno, Nevada.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: In June 2012, Wilson was awarded a Thiel Fellowship. The two-year $100,000 fellowship requires recipients to forgo college for the duration of the fellowship. In 2017, Wilson was named a member of the Helena Group, an "elite and edgy" think tank of global leaders focused on executing projects that improve the world.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: In 2008, Wilson achieved nuclear fusion using an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device, which was a variation of the fusor, invented by Philo T. Farnsworth in 1964.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: In May 2010, Wilson entered the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair in San Jose, California, and won several awards for his project titled "Fission Vision: The Detection of Prompt and Delayed Induced Fission Gamma Radiation, and the Application to the Detection of Proliferated Nuclear Materials."


title: Taylor Wilson

text: In May 2011, Wilson entered his radiation detector in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair in Los Angeles, California, against a field of 1,500 competitors and won a US$50,000 award. The project, “Countering Nuclear Terrorism: Novel Active and Passive Techniques for Detecting Nuclear Threats”, won the First Place Award in the Physics and Astronomy Category, Best of Category Award, and the Intel Young Scientist Award. Wilson stated he hopes to test and rapidly field the devices to US ports for counterterrorism purposes.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Department of Energy offered federal funding to Wilson concerning research he has conducted in building inexpensive Cherenkov radiation detectors.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: On February 27, 2013, at TED 2013, Wilson presented his ideas on the benefits of building small underground nuclear fission reactors that are self-contained and use down-blended uranium and plutonium from decommissioned nuclear weapons as fuel.


title: Taylor Wilson

text: He is the subject of the biography "The Boy Who Played with Fusion", by Tom Clynes, published in 2015, the movie rights to which have been optioned by 20th Century Fox.


title: AirPrint

text: without installing printer-specific drivers. Connection is via a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), either directly to AirPrint-compatible printers, or to non-compatible shared printers by way of a computer running Microsoft Windows, Linux, or macOS. It was originally intended for iOS devices and connected via a Wi-Fi network only, and thus required a Wi-Fi access point. However, with the introduction of AirPrint to the macOS desktop platform in 2012, Macs connected to the network via Ethernet connection could also print using the AirPrint protocol—not just those connected via Wi-Fi. Direct Wi-Fi connection between the device and the printer is not supported by default, but has appeared as the 'HP ePrint Wireless Direct AirPrint' feature. It uses a proprietary page description language called "Apple Raster".


title: AirPrint

text: Following the iPad's introduction in 2010, user concerns were raised about the product's inability to print, at least through a supported Apple solution. Apple founder and CEO Steve Jobs reportedly replied "It will come" in May 2010 to a user request for printing.


title: AirPrint

text: AirPrint's Fall 2010 introduction, as part of iOS 4.2, gave iPhones and iPads printing capability for the first time. AirPrint for Mac computers was introduced in the Mac OS X Lion release.


title: AirPrint

text: At launch, twelve printers were AirPrint compatible, all of them from the HP Photosmart Plus e-All-in-One series. As of July 2020, that number had grown to about 6,000 compatible printer models from two dozen different manufacturers. The current list can be found on Apple's support site. The related technology is covered by .


title: AirPrint

text: A number of software solutions allow for non-AirPrint printers to be used with iOS devices, by configuring support on an intermediary system accessible via Wi-Fi, connected to the printer. Since AirPrint is driverless, such a configuration compensates for the printer's lack of native AirPrint support by using the drivers on the intermediary system instead.


title: AirPrint

text: The simplest solution for all platforms is to create a new Bonjour service that tricks iOS clients into believing they're talking to an AirPrint device. Many blog posts and commercial software products exist to accomplish this, as well as open-source solutions in Linux. This works in many cases because AirPrint is an extension of the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), which many printers already support either directly, or as a result of being shared through an intermediary system (typically CUPS, the Mac/Linux printing system). This approach is limited however, as the AirPrint-specific components of the protocol are missing. This can lead to compatibility issues and unexpected results. Some software packages address this completely by translating between the two dialects of IPP, avoiding compatibility issues, while most just re-share printers using the AirPrint service name.


title: AirPrint

text: On macOS, a Bonjour service exists that enables AirPrint support for non-AirPrint printers. Commercial macOS software for this purpose includes Netputing and Ecamm Printopia.


title: AirPrint

text: In most Linux distributions, AirPrint support should be automatic with the CUPS default printing subsystem since version 1.4.6, which has been released on January 6, 2011 (e.g. in Ubuntu 11.04 and later or in Fedora 15 and later). CUPS servers "before" version 1.4.6 with DNS based Service Discovery can also be configured manually, by adding DNS-SD printer service discovery records to a name server.


title: AirPrint

text: There are a number of third party solutions, available on the Apple App Store and elsewhere, that allow printing to non-AirPrint printers directly or via an application helper. Netgear Genie, for both Mac OS X 10.6 or above and Windows XP, Vista, 7 and 8. Genie permits any shared, network attached printer to be made accessible via AirPrint. The application is free for customers of current Netgear routers. Printopia Pro is a commercial solution designed to allow AirPrint to work on large business and education networks. It offers features useful to large organizations including centralized management, directory integration, and allows AirPrint to operate across subnets. It requires a server running Mac OS X 10.7 or later, and one server can potentially serve an entire organization.


title: Bruno Metsu

text: Bruno Jean Cornil Metsu (28 January 1954 – 15 October 2013) was a French footballer and football manager. During his senior playing career from 1973 to 1987, he played for seven different clubs in his native France. From 1988 until his death, he was the manager of a total of nine clubs in France and Arab Gulf region, the Guinea, Senegal, United Arab Emirates and Qatar national football teams. He was perhaps most famous for coaching Senegal to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, including a surprise victory over defending champions France in the opening match of the tournament.


title: Bruno Metsu

text: Before embarking on his career as a footballer, the teenaged Metsu worked as a courier on the docks of Dunkirk.


title: Bruno Metsu

text: Metsu played in the attacking midfield position. His career as a youth and senior player with eight different clubs was largely based in his native France. He had a three-year spell as a youth player in Belgium with Anderlecht. During his 14 years as a senior player between 1973 and 1987, all with French clubs, he played 366 Division 1/Division 2 matches and 28 Coupe de France matches, scoring 30 and 2 goals in Division 1/Division 2 and Coupe de France matches respectively. While at Lille, Metsu played 63 matches and scored 3 goals in all competitions. Metsu had his heyday at Valenciennes between 1975 and 1979, scoring his highest number of club goals, 14 (in 134 league - all of them Division 1 - and Coupe de France matches), while playing alongside top players such as Didier Six and Roger Milla. After Metsu had finished playing his first season (1984–85) for Beauvais, it won promotion to Division 2.


title: Bruno Metsu

text: Metsu spent over a decade as the manager of five different clubs in France before his first foray overseas as a football manager in the year 2000.