title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The equation was found to match the Colebrook–White equation within 0.0023% for a test set with a 70-point matrix consisting of ten relative roughness values (in the range 0.00004 to 0.05) by seven Reynolds numbers (2500 to 10).


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Goudar equation is the most accurate approximation to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor "f" for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. Equation has the following form


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Brkić and Praks show one approximation of the Colebrook equation based on the Wright formula_40-function, a cognate of the Lambert W-function


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Praks and Brkić show one approximation of the Colebrook equation based on the Wright formula_40-function, a cognate of the Lambert W-function


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Since Serghides's solution was found to be one of the most accurate approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation, Niazkar modified the Serghides's solution to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor "f" for a full-flowing circular pipe.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Niazkar's solution was found to be the most accurate correlation based on a comparative analysis conducted in the literature among 42 different explicit equations for estimating Colebrook friction factor.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Early approximations for smooth pipes by Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius in terms of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor are given in one article of 1913:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Johann Nikuradse in 1932 proposed that this corresponds to a power law correlation for the fluid velocity profile.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Mishra and Gupta in 1979 proposed a correction for curved or helically coiled tubes, taking into account the equivalent curve radius, R:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The following table lists historical approximations to the Colebrook–White relation for pressure-driven flow. Churchill equation (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), and Bellos et al. (2018) equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and turbulent flow only.


title: Yoo Young-jin

text: Yoo Young-jin is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer and vocal trainer under SM Entertainment. He has produced and written songs for H.O.T., S.E.S, BoA, Shinhwa, TVXQ, CSJH The Grace, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, f(x), EXO, Red Velvet, NCT and aespa.


title: Yoo Young-jin

text: Yoo Young-jin was born in Gochang, South Korea on April 10, 1971. He has two younger brothers and sisters. He was a graduate from Jeonju High School.


title: Yoo Young-jin

text: He started his singing career in 1995. He released a solo album entitled "Agape" (2001), which is composed of 15 tracks featuring different artists under SM Entertainment.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Pangasinan ("Pangasinense") is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pangasinan and northern Tarlac, on the northern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group. Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern La Union, as well as in the municipalities of Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pangasinan. A few Aeta groups in Central Luzon's northern part also understand and even speak Pangasinan as well.


title: Pangasinan language

text: The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages, Malay in Malaysia (as Malaysian), Indonesia (as Indonesian), Brunei, and Singapore, Hawaiian in Hawaii and Malagasy in Madagascar. The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet, located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf. The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinense. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Austronesian speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of a wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago.


title: Pangasinan language

text: The word "Pangasinan" means 'land of salt' or 'place of salt-making'; it is derived from the root word "," the word for 'salt' in Pangasinan. "Pangasinan" could also refer to a 'container of salt or salted products'; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Written Pangasinan and oral literature in the language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano wrote and published in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote "()", a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote , a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926)


title: Pangasinan language

text: Juan Villamil translated José Rizal's "Mi último adiós" in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited , a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote , a biography of Rizal. Magsano published , a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote , a romance novel. "Pangasinan Courier" published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. "Pioneer Herald" published , a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in English, Filipino, and Ilocano. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication on the Internet.


title: Pangasinan language

text: In native vocabulary, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [i ~ ɪ ~ ɛ] and [u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]. The close variants [i]/[u] are only used in stressed open syllables, while the open-mid variants [ɛ]/[ɔ] occur in open and closed final syllables before a pause. The default variants [ɪ]/[ʊ] occur in all other environments.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Pangasinan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit []-[d] allophony, they only contrast before consonants and word-final positions; otherwise, they become allophones where [d] is only located in word-initial positions and after consonants & [] is only pronounced between vowels. Before consonants and word-final positions, [] is in free variation with trill [r]. In Spanish loanwords, [d] and [] contrast in all word positions.


title: Pangasinan language

text: All consonantal phonemes except may be a syllable onset or coda. The phoneme is a borrowed sound and rarely occurs in coda position. Although the Spanish word 'clock' would have been heard as , the final is dropped resulting in . However, this word also may have entered the Pangasinan lexicon at early enough a time that the word was still pronounced , with the "j" pronounced as in French, resulting in in Pangasinan. As a result, both and occur.


title: Pangasinan language

text: The glottal stop is not permissible as coda; it can only occur as onset. Even as an onset, the glottal stop disappears in affixation. Glottal stop "sometimes" occurs in coda in words ending in vowels, only before a pause.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages, Pangasinan has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan is an agglutinative language.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Benton (1971) lists a number of affixes for nouns. Benton describes affixes in Pangasinan as either "nominal" (affixes attached directly to nouns) and "nominalizing" (affixes which turn other parts of speech into nouns). Benton also describes "non-productive affixes", affixes which are not normally applied to nouns, and only found as part of other pre-existing words. Many of these non-productive affixes are found within words derived from Spanish.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan digraph "ng":


title: Pangasinan language

text: The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system called Kuritan. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India.


title: Pangasinan language

text: The Latin script was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are ('place'), (from "poder", 'power, care'), (from , 'against'), (, 'green'), (, 'spirit'), and ('holy, saint').


title: Pangasinan language

text: Fraction numbers are formed with the prefix "ka-" and an associative number. Example: , 'third part'.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with the prefix "pi-" and a cardinal number from two to four or "pin-" for other numbers except for number one. Example: , 'first time'; , 'second time'; , 'fifth time'.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with the prefix "man-" ("mami-" or "mamin-" for present or future tense, and "ami-" or "amin-" for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: , 'once'; , 'twice'; , 'thrice'.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with the prefixes "san-", "tag-", or and a cardinal number. Example: , 'one each'; , 'two each'.


title: Pangasinan language

text: Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with the prefixes "magsi-", , or and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: , 'twice each'; , 'each twice'.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque (rotational force) to a linear force. It is one of the six classical simple machines. The most common form consists of a cylindrical shaft with helical grooves or ridges called "threads" around the outside. The screw passes through a hole in another object or medium, with threads on the inside of the hole that mesh with the screw's threads. When the shaft of the screw is rotated relative to the stationary threads, the screw moves along its axis relative to the medium surrounding it; for example rotating a wood screw forces it into wood. In screw mechanisms, either the screw shaft can rotate through a threaded hole in a stationary object, or a threaded collar such as a nut can rotate around a stationary screw shaft. Geometrically, a screw can be viewed as a narrow inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Like the other simple machines a screw can amplify force; a small rotational force (torque) on the shaft can exert a large axial force on a load. The smaller the pitch (the distance between the screw's threads), the greater the mechanical advantage (the ratio of output to input force). Screws are widely used in threaded fasteners to hold objects together, and in devices such as screw tops for containers, vises, screw jacks and screw presses.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Other mechanisms that use the same principle, also called screws, don't necessarily have a shaft or threads. For example, a corkscrew is a helix-shaped rod with a sharp point, and an Archimedes' screw is a water pump that uses a rotating helical chamber to move water uphill. The common principle of all screws is that a rotating helix can cause linear motion.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The screw was one of the last of the simple machines to be invented. It first appeared in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609) BC, and then later appeared in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Records indicate that the water screw, or screw pump, was first used in Ancient Egypt, some time before the Greek philosopher Archimedes described the Archimedes screw water pump around 234 BC. Archimedes wrote the earliest theoretical study of the screw as a machine, and is considered to have introduced the screw in Ancient Greece. By the first century BC, the screw was used in the form of the screw press and the Archimedes' screw.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Greek philosophers defined the screw as one of the simple machines and could calculate its (ideal) mechanical advantage. For example, Heron of Alexandria (52 AD) listed the screw as one of the five mechanisms that could "set a load in motion", defined it as an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, and described its fabrication and uses,


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Because their complicated helical shape had to be laboriously cut by hand, screws were only used as linkages in a few machines in the ancient world. Screw fasteners only began to be used in the 15th century in clocks, after screw-cutting lathes were developed. The screw was also apparently applied to drilling and moving materials (besides water) around this time, when images of augers and drills began to appear in European paintings. The complete dynamic theory of simple machines, including the screw, was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in "Le Meccaniche" ("On Mechanics").


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: In most screws, called ""single start"" screws, which have a single helical thread wrapped around them, the lead and pitch are equal. They only differ in ""multiple start"" screws, which have several intertwined threads. In these screws the lead is equal to the pitch multiplied by the number of "starts". Multiple-start screws are used when a large linear motion for a given rotation is desired, for example in screw caps on bottles, and ball point pens.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The helix of a screw's thread can twist in two possible directions, which is known as "handedness". Most screw threads are oriented so that when seen from above, the screw shaft moves away from the viewer (the screw is tightened) when turned in a clockwise direction. This is known as a "right-handed" ("RH") thread, because it follows the right hand grip rule: when the fingers of the right hand are curled around the shaft in the direction of rotation, the thumb will point in the direction of motion of the shaft. Threads oriented in the opposite direction are known as "left-handed" ("LH").


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: By common convention, right-handedness is the default handedness for screw threads. Therefore, most threaded parts and fasteners have right-handed threads. One explanation for why right-handed threads became standard is that for a right-handed person, tightening a right-handed screw with a screwdriver is easier than tightening a left-handed screw, because it uses the stronger supinator muscle of the arm rather than the weaker pronator muscle. Since most people are right-handed, right-handed threads became standard on threaded fasteners.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Screw linkages in machines are exceptions; they can be right- or left-handed depending on which is more applicable. Left-handed screw threads are also used in some other applications:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Different shapes (profiles) of threads are used in screws employed for different purposes. Screw threads are standardized so that parts made by different manufacturers will mate correctly.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The "thread angle" is the included angle, measured at a section parallel to the axis, between the two bearing faces of the thread. The angle between the axial load force and the normal to the bearing surface is approximately equal to half the thread angle, so the thread angle has a great effect on the friction and efficiency of a screw, as well as the wear rate and the strength. The greater the thread angle, the greater the angle between the load vector and the surface normal, so the larger the normal force between the threads required to support a given load. Therefore, increasing the thread angle increases the friction and wear of a screw.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The outward facing angled thread bearing surface, when acted on by the load force, also applies a radial (outward) force to the nut, causing tensile stress. This radial "bursting force" increases with increasing thread angle. If the tensile strength of the nut material is insufficient, an excessive load on a nut with a large thread angle can split the nut.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The thread angle also has an effect on the strength of the threads; threads with a large angle have a wide root compared with their size and are stronger.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: In threaded fasteners, large amounts of friction are acceptable and usually wanted, to prevent the fastener from unscrewing. So threads used in fasteners usually have a large 60° thread angle:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: In machine linkages such as lead screws or jackscrews, in contrast, friction must be minimized. Therefore threads with smaller angles are used:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The screw propeller, although it shares the name "screw", works on very different physical principles from the above types of screw, and the information in this article is not applicable to it.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The linear distance formula_1 a screw shaft moves when it is rotated through an angle of formula_2 degrees is:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The "distance ratio" of a simple machine is defined as the ratio of the distance the applied force moves to the distance the load moves. For a screw it is the ratio of the circular distance "d" a point on the edge of the shaft moves to the linear distance "d" the shaft moves. If "r" is the radius of the shaft, in one turn a point on the screw's rim moves a distance of 2π"r", while its shaft moves linearly by the lead distance "l". So the distance ratio is


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The mechanical advantage "MA" of a screw is defined as the ratio of axial output force "F" applied by the shaft on a load to the rotational force "F" applied to the rim of the shaft to turn it. For a screw with no friction (also called an "ideal screw"), from conservation of energy the work done "on" the screw by the input force turning it is equal to the work done "by" the screw on the load force:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Work is equal to the force multiplied by the distance it acts, so the work done in one complete turn of the screw is formula_7 and the work done on the load is formula_8. So the "ideal" mechanical advantage of a screw is equal to the "distance ratio":


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: It can be seen that the mechanical advantage of a screw depends on its lead, formula_4. The smaller the distance between its threads, the larger the mechanical advantage, and the larger the force the screw can exert for a given applied force. However most actual screws have large amounts of friction and their mechanical advantage is less than given by the above equation.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The rotational force applied to the screw is actually a torque formula_10. Because of this, the input force required to turn a screw depends on how far from the shaft it is applied; the farther from the shaft, the less force is needed to turn it. The force on a screw is not usually applied at the rim as assumed above. It is often applied by some form of lever; for example a bolt is turned by a wrench whose handle functions as a lever. The mechanical advantage in this case can be calculated by using the length of the lever arm for "r" in the above equation. This extraneous factor "r" can be removed from the above equation by writing it in terms of torque:


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Because of the large area of sliding contact between the moving and stationary threads, screws typically have large frictional energy losses. Even well-lubricated jack screws have efficiencies of only 15% - 20%, the rest of the work applied in turning them is lost to friction. When friction is included, the mechanical advantage is no longer equal to the distance ratio but also depends on the screw's efficiency. From conservation of energy, the work "W" done on the screw by the input force turning it is equal to the sum of the work done moving the load "W", and the work dissipated as heat by friction "W" in the screw


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: The efficiency "η" is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1 defined as the ratio of output work to input work


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Work is defined as the force multiplied by the distance moved, so formula_15 and formula_16 and therefore


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: So the mechanical advantage of an actual screw is reduced from what it would be in an ideal, frictionless screw by the efficiency formula_20. Because of their low efficiency, in powered machinery screws are not often used as linkages to transfer large amounts of power but are more often used in positioners that operate intermittently.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Large frictional forces cause most screws in practical use to be ""self-locking"", also called ""non-reciprocal"" or ""non-overhauling"". This means that applying a torque to the shaft will cause it to turn, but no amount of axial load force against the shaft will cause it to turn back the other way, even if the applied torque is zero. This is in contrast to some other simple machines which are ""reciprocal"" or ""non locking"" which means if the load force is great enough they will move backwards or ""overhaul"". Thus, the machine can be used in either direction. For example, in a lever, if the force on the load end is too large it will move backwards, doing work on the applied force. Most screws are designed to be self-locking, and in the absence of torque on the shaft will stay at whatever position they are left. However, some screw mechanisms with a large enough pitch and good lubrication are not self-locking and will overhaul, and a very few, such as a push drill, use the screw in this "backwards" sense, applying axial force to the shaft to turn the screw. Other reasons for the screws to come loose are incorrect design of assembly and external forces such as shock, vibration and dynamic loads causing slipping on the threaded and mated/clamped surfaces.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: This self-locking property is one reason for the very large use of the screw in threaded fasteners such as wood screws, sheet metal screws, studs and bolts. Tightening the fastener by turning it puts compression force on the materials or parts being fastened together, but no amount of force from the parts will cause the screw to turn backwards and untighten. This property is also the basis for the use of screws in screw top container lids, vises, C-clamps, and screw jacks. A heavy object can be raised by turning the jack shaft, but when the shaft is released it will stay at whatever height it is raised to.


title: Screw (simple machine)

text: Whether a screw is self-locking ultimately depends on the pitch angle and the coefficient of friction of the threads; very well-lubricated, low friction threads with a large enough pitch may "overhaul". Also considerations should be made to ensure that clamped components are clamped tight enough to prevent movement completely. If not, slipping in the threads or clamping surface can occur.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: "Point and Shoot" is the eighth episode and mid-season premiere of the sixth season of "Better Call Saul", the spin-off television series of "Breaking Bad". It was written by Gordon Smith and directed by series co-creator Vince Gilligan. It screened at the Tribeca Festival in New York on June 18, 2022, and aired on AMC and AMC+ in the United States and Canada on July 11, 2022, before debuting online in certain territories on Netflix the following day. In the episode, Jimmy McGill and Kim Wexler react to the death of their colleague Howard Hamlin at the hands of Lalo Salamanca, who orders them to help him carry out his plan in proving Gus Fring's disloyalty to the cartel.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: On July 27, 2021, the first day of filming the episode, Bob Odenkirk (who plays Jimmy) suffered a heart attack. Rosa Estrada, the on-set health safety supervisor, helped resuscitate him with an automated external defibrillator. Odenkirk was rushed to the hospital. The cause of the heart attack was plaque buildup he had known about since 2018 but had not medicated. After a five-week break, Odenkirk returned on set in September. The episode's opening scene, featuring Howard's car and personal effects at the beach, was shot months after the rest of the episode; it was also the last scene filmed for "Better Call Saul".


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: "Point and Shoot" was met with critical acclaim, particularly for its direction, writing, cinematography, and on-screen performances. It marked the final appearance of both Howard (Patrick Fabian) and Lalo (Tony Dalton). An estimated 1.16 million viewers saw the episode during its first broadcast on AMC.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: A shoe washes onto an ocean beach, and its mate lies nearby. An open car door reveals classical music playing on the radio and a wallet and wedding band on the dashboard. The car's vanity license plate, "NAMAST3" shows it to be Howard Hamlin's green Jaguar XJ8.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: After killing Howard, Lalo Salamanca provides Jimmy McGill and Kim Wexler with an address and a loose description of Gus Fring, and instructs Jimmy to drive there and shoot him. Jimmy convinces Lalo to send Kim instead. After she leaves, Lalo ties Jimmy to a chair and tells him about the attack on his Mexico house. Jimmy vehemently denies any involvement, and blames Nacho Varga. Lalo gags him and leaves. Mike Ehrmantraut apprehends Kim at Gus's front door. She explains that Lalo is holding Jimmy, then points out Gus's body double as matching the description Lalo provided. Mike orders his men to her apartment.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: When Kim says Lalo agreed to let her switch places with Jimmy, Gus realizes the shooting attempt is a diversion, so he drives to Lavandería Brillante. Lalo is there intending to obtain video evidence for Don Eladio of Gus's planned meth lab, which will prove Gus's disloyalty to the cartel. He ambushes Gus and kills his bodyguards, then forces Gus to show him the lab. Gus leads Lalo to the site, which Lalo describes for Eladio using details provided by Casper. Gus insults Eladio and the Salamancas as Lalo videotapes him, but his speech is a distraction that enables him to trigger a power outage that turns off the lights. In the darkness, he reaches the handgun he previously hid, then fires several shots at Lalo. After turning the lights on, Gus realizes that he is bleeding, while Lalo is fatally wounded. Lalo laughs as he succumbs to his injuries and dies.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: Jimmy and Kim are reunited at their apartment. Mike tells them Lalo will not return, and his men remove Howard's body. Mike explains that Howard's death will be made to look like a suicide by drowning and instructs them to maintain their ruse that Howard was a cocaine addict, which will make the story more plausible. As Gus's wound is treated at his home, Mike supervises the burial of Howard and Lalo in a shared grave beneath the meth lab, but first removes Howard's shoes, wallet, and wedding ring.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: "Point and Shoot" was the mid-season premiere of the sixth season of "Better Call Saul". "Breaking Bad" and "Better Call Saul" creator Vince Gilligan directed the episode written by co-executive producer Gordon Smith.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: On July 27, 2021, the first day of filming "Point and Shoot", lead actor Bob Odenkirk (who plays Jimmy) suffered a heart attack. The incident occurred while he was on a break with series regulars Rhea Seehorn (Kim), Patrick Fabian (Howard), and Tony Dalton (Lalo) after shooting the scene where Lalo instructs Jimmy and Kim on what to do, which had run for twelve hours. In hindsight, Seehorn said she was grateful Odenkirk had decided to hang out with them instead of going to his trailer. The actors were in an empty studio where they would regularly take breaks. There, Odenkirk was in a plexiglass cubicle riding an exercise bike and watching a Chicago Cubs baseball game when he collapsed. The other actors were talking nearby, noticed, and called for help. Rosa Estrada, a former medic and on-set health safety supervisor, and assistant director Angie Meyer administered CPR and deployed an automated external defibrillator. It took three attempts for Odenkirk's pulse to return. He was rushed to Albuquerque's Presbyterian Hospital, where two stents were put in his body to relieve plaque buildup that he had known about since 2018 but had not medicated. Odenkirk was treated without further surgery and took a five-week break from filming, requiring production to make some schedule changes to accommodate this. In mid-August, Dalton said scenes not involving Odenkirk were being filmed, but Odenkirk had not yet been given clearance to return. According to Gilligan and Smith, a large part of the apartment scene had been shot before the heart attack, primarily the coverage of Odenkirk and Seehorn. Two months later, in September 2021, Odenkirk came back on set. He shot the following episode, "Fun and Games", and then returned to shoot the rest of the scene from "Point and Shoot" when Gilligan was available, including Dalton's coverage and the portion where Jimmy is tied to a chair. Filming for the rest of the season was limited to a maximum of twelve hours a day as a result of the incident.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: "Point and Shoot" features the death of Lalo Salamanca, played by Dalton, who was introduced as a recurring character in "Better Call Saul"s fourth season. The writers decided to not write a definitive ending to the character until they explored all possibilities, and the decision to kill Lalo came late in the writing process. Dalton had been aware prior to the filming of the sixth season that his character would have an early exit, but only received word of his character's death during the filming of the previous episode, "Plan and Execution". He said he read the screenplay for "Point and Shoot" outside of the rest stop where his character goes to take a shower in "Plan and Execution": "It was a night shoot, like one in the morning, and I grabbed a little chair and put it on the side of the rest stop next to the highway and just sat down. I was like, if this is going to be the end, I want to sit down and read this whole thing all the way through right now. And it was very cathartic."


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: Smith said they considered a shoot-out between Mike and Lalo but decided against it to let the two biggest bad guys in the series come face to face. Smith wrote Gus's insults towards Don Eladio and the Salamancas as Gus using a tactic he learned from Nacho Varga in the episode "Rock and Hard Place", where a tied-up Nacho cuts his restraints while confessing to the Salamancas who "wanted to hear it, so their hate could be justified." Dalton, who would often joke about Smith's description of his character's last breath as "ugly" in the script, improvised Lalo's choice to smile and laugh after being shot by Gus. Gilligan chose to include it because he saw the moment as Lalo being surprised by Gus's sheer luck during the shoot-out in the dark. Dalton said the amount of fake blood on his face formed a puddle, so he continued lying down while the crew reset the scene. Lalo's dying laugh was shot in four to five takes.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: Despite the character being dead, Fabian still appeared as Howard's corpse throughout the episode. Gilligan and executive producer Alison Tatlock came up with the idea of burying Lalo with Howard beneath the meth lab. Lalo, as well as Nacho, were both previously mentioned by name in the "Breaking Bad" episode "Better Call Saul". Smith said he wanted to leave "breadcrumbs" for viewers to connect the events of "Point and Shoot" to the "Breaking Bad" episode, using nearly the same lines that Jimmy, as Saul, shouted in a panic to Walter White and Jesse Pinkman from the latter. Smith said "That was our thinking in terms of making it that exact and that specific. It also helps us feel why Jimmy is so scared in "Breaking Bad" 208. He's carried the terror of this moment all these years. I think his lizard brain is always going to be sitting there with a gag in its mouth, going, 'Oh my god, at any second, Lalo could come and snuff out my life and the life of anyone I’ve ever cared about.'"


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: Smith's first choice for the episode's title was "House Cat", but "Point and Shoot" was eventually chosen to go along with the sixth season's recurring use of the word "and" in the title of most of its episodes. The scene with Lyle, Gus's assistant manager at the Los Pollos Hermanos restaurant, singing as he prepared to open the restaurant, was a nod to an inside joke among the staff of a spinoff musical involving Lyle following Gus's death in "Face Off". The overhead shot of Kim approaching Gus's house was purposely angled to resemble the overhead shot in the "Breaking Bad" episode "Thirty-Eight Snub" when Walter approaches Gus's house. It was captured early one morning around 4:30am with the use of a scissor lift that held a camera platform several hundred feet in the air. Smith said replicating the shot was "nightmarishly difficult" due to lighting conditions. Producer Jenn Carroll was put in charge of holding an IPad in front of B camera operator Jordan Slovin so he could compare the two shots and get them to match. Due to the fact that they were filming in the middle of the night, and because the camera rig would beep every time it moved, the crew made sure to apologize to the neighborhood residents. The opening scene, with Howard's car and personal effects at the beach, was the last scene filmed for "Better Call Saul" and the only major scene ever shot for the series outside of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was filmed in March 2022 in Leo Carrillo State Beach, California. Paul Donachie was the episode's cinematographer, though the opening scene had to be shot with cinematographer Marshall Adams as Donachie was in England at the time. As principal photography wrapped a month earlier, the footage was shot after production ended.


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: During post-production, the episode was edited by Chris McCaleb and the score was composed by Dave Porter. Porter said composing the score was difficult because it was not clear to him which scenes definitely needed music, leading to several of his compositions not being used. The cello piece featured during Howard and Lalo's burial was originally written for the opening scene; Porter said, "When I shifted it over, it just happened to fall and fit very nicely with very few alterations in that final scene." The score during Dalton's scenes was composed to highlight Lalo's calculated nature despite the tension. To do so, Porter also added pieces of music he wrote for Lalo's character in the season five episodes "Bad Choice Road" and "Something Unforgivable" into the score for "Point and Shoot". Porter said his goal was to be "an extension of the writers" and "accentuate the things that I think you guys and gals were trying to achieve in the writers' room and the way the characters have been played."


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: "Point and Shoot" was met with critical acclaim. It received five out of five stars from "The Guardian"s Stuart Jeffries and "The Times"s James Jackson, four out of five stars from Scott Tobias of "Vulture", Nick Harley of "Den of Geek", and Ed Power of "The Daily Telegraph", and "A" grades from "The A.V. Club"s Kimberly Potts, "IndieWire"s Steve Greene, and "Entertainment Weekly"s Darren Franich. Crew members that were recognized for their work on this episode included director Vince Gilligan, writer Gordon Smith, cinematographer Paul Donachie, and cast members Tony Dalton (Lalo), Giancarlo Esposito (Gus), Jonathan Banks (Mike), Bob Odenkirk (Jimmy), and Rhea Seehorn (Kim). The opening scene was also well received. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 100% of thirteen reviews are positive, with an average rating of 9.5/10. The critical consensus reads, "'Point and Shoot' aims "Better Call Saul" towards an endgame and launches it forward at full throttle, sunsetting a fan favorite with fitting style while setting the stage for an agonizingly suspenseful home stretch."


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: Liz Shannon Miller of "Consequence" lauded the series's ability to create suspense in a story where certain characters are predetermined to survive. She described the scene where Jimmy convinces Lalo to send Kim in his place as a "masterclass moment for the series in general and Odenkirk as an actor in particular." Jackson said the episode "pulses with nocturnal suspense, your reward after several hours of carefully constructed plot."


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: The confrontation between Gus and Lalo was singled out as the high point of the episode. Tobias said Gus's invective about the Salamancas was reminiscent of the scene in "True Romance" (1993) where Dennis Hopper's character uses his last words to insult his executioner. However, Tobias was also critical of Gus's decision to hide a gun under the excavator, which he felt was "more a sign of narrative convenience than planning." Harley felt the second half of the episode was predictable but nevertheless "anxiety-inducing and gripping". He complimented Dalton's "wildly entertaining" performance and said "Point and Shoot" was, despite its flaws, "some damn good, well-made television with mesmerizing acting across the board." Potts lamented the departure of Dalton, praising the character's charisma and charm. She also opined Banks delivered a "typically outstanding performance" and described him as the actor "most frustratingly denied an Emmy" for his work on the show and its predecessor. Greene highlighted the camera work and Bank's "slow-burn, even keel" performance as the best parts of the episode. Michael Hogan of "Vanity Fair" compared Lalo to the Joker and the episode's storyline to "Miami Vice" and "Beverly Hills Cop". "This is how it should be," he wrote, "a showdown between the two big baddies, nobody else around." Hogan described Gus's speech as a "fun spin" on the Hollywood cliche of a villain letting the hero give a speech because "we can't really be sure which of these drug lords is the hero and which is the villain, and the speech itself is just a stalling tactic." One aspect of the episode that received criticism was the shootout between Gus and Lalo. Power and "Rolling Stone"s Alan Sepinwall felt the scene was too darkly lit and compared it to the fight scene in the "Game of Thrones" episode "The Long Night". Power wrote, "Unfortunately, "Better Call Saul" has succumbed to the vogue for filming key scenes at night and in near total darkness ... [and] a seismic confrontation goes off with a muggy whimper." Despite this, Power gave the episode a positive review, concluding that "Better Call Saul" had "completed its transformation into one of the most riveting – and bleakest – dramas of the streaming age."


title: Point and Shoot (Better Call Saul)

text: An estimated 1.16 million viewers watched "Point And Shoot” during its first broadcast on AMC on July 11, 2022.


title: Krishan Kant

text: Krishan Kant (28 February 1927 – 27 July 2002) was an Indian politician who served as the tenth vice president of India from 1997 until his death 2002. Formerly, he was the governor of Andhra Pradesh from 1990 to 1997. He was a member of Lok Sabha from Chandigarh (1977-1980), and Member of Rajya Sabha from Haryana (1966-1972, 1972–1977).


title: Krishan Kant

text: Kant was born on 28 February 1927 in Kot Mohammad Khan a village of Tarn Taran district in the Punjab Province of British India. His parents were independence activists Lala Achint Ram and Satyavati Devi.


title: Krishan Kant

text: Kant completed his MSc (Technology) from the Banaras Hindu University. He worked as a scientist with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.


title: Krishan Kant

text: The son of noted Congress politician and later parliamentarian, Lala Achint Ram, Kant's first brush with politics came when he plunged into the Quit India movement, while he was still a student in Lahore. He took part in the Indian Independence Movement as a youth and continued to be involved in politics, eventually being elected to Parliament of India. He was part of the "Young Turk" brigade of Indian National Congress party during the time of Indira Gandhi.


title: Krishan Kant

text: He held important official positions in the parliamentary and organisational wings of the Indian National Congress, the Janata Party and the Janata Dal. For many years, he was a member of the Executive Council of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.


title: Krishan Kant

text: Krishan Kant was the founding general secretary of the People's Union for Civil Liberties and Democratic Rights, of which Jayprakash Narayan was the President in 1976. He was expelled from the Indian National Congress in 1975 for his opposition to the Emergency. He was later a member of Lok Sabha till 1980. He was the chairman of Committee on Railway Reservations and Bookings from 1972 to 1977.


title: Krishan Kant

text: He with Madhu Limaye was also responsible for the collapse of the Morarji Desai government installed by that coalition, by insisting that no member of the Janata Party could be the member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). This attack on "dual membership" was directed specifically at members of the Janata Party who had been members of the Jan Sangh, and continued to be members of the right-wing RSS, the Jan Sangh's ideological parent. The issue led to fall of Morarji Desai government in 1979, and the destruction of the Janata coalition.


title: Krishan Kant

text: A strong protagonist of India going nuclear, Krishan Kant was a member of the executive council of the Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis.


title: Krishan Kant

text: Kant was appointed governor of Andhra Pradesh by the V.P. Singh government in 1989 and served in that position for seven years, becoming one of India's longest-serving governors. He stayed at that post till he was elevated as Vice-President of India.


title: Krishan Kant

text: He was elected vice-president by Parliament as the joint candidate of the Indian National Congress and United Front. While serving as vice-president, there was a terrorist attack on the Parliament building in 2001; terrorists used fake labels to gain access to the premises and they crashed into his car.


title: Krishan Kant

text: He died in New Delhi aged 75 after suffering from a massive heart attack on 27 July 2002, a few weeks before he was to leave the office to lead a retired life. (He is the only Indian Vice President to die in office.)


title: Krishan Kant

text: He was cremated with full state honours at Nigam Bodh Ghat in New Delhi on the banks of Yamuna river on 28 July, in the presence of various VIPs and was survived by his wife, mother, three children (two sons and a daughter along with their respective spouses), several grandchildren and a few great-grandchildren as well as two sisters and numerous other surviving family members.


title: Krishan Kant

text: A few days after his death, a former Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat defeated Sushil Kumar Shinde in assuming the vice-presidency through a special election.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The Port of Shanghai (), located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The main port enterprise in Shanghai, the Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), was established during the reconstitution of the Shanghai Port Authority. Companies such as the Shanghai Port Container Co. and Waigaoqiao Bonded Zone Port Co. were involved in port of Shanghai.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: In 2010, Shanghai port overtook the Port of Singapore to become the world's busiest container port. Shanghai's port handled 29.05 million TEU, whereas Singapore's was a half million TEU behind. Shanghai handled 43.3 million TEU in 2019.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: Shanghai is one of only four port-cities in the world to be categorised as a large-port Megacity, due to its high volumes of port traffic and large urban population.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The Port of Shanghai faces the East China Sea to the east and Hangzhou Bay to the south. It includes the confluences of the Yangtze River, Huangpu River (which enters the Yangtze River) and Qiantang River.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The Port of Shanghai is managed by Shanghai International Port, which superseded the Shanghai Port Authority in 2003. Shanghai International Port Company Limited is a public listed company, of which the Shanghai Municipal Government owns 44% of the outstanding shares.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: In 1842, Shanghai became a treaty port, thus developing into an international commercial city. By the early 20th century, it was the largest city and the largest port in East Asia. In 1949, with the Communist takeover in Shanghai, overseas trade was cut dramatically. The economic policy of the People's Republic had a crippling effect on Shanghai's infrastructure and capital development.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: In 1991, the central government allowed Shanghai to initiate economic reform. Since then, the port has developed at a rapid pace. By 2005, the Yangshan deep-water port had been built on the Yangshan islands, a group of islands in Hangzhou Bay linked to Shanghai by the Donghai Bridge. This development allowed the port to overcome shallow water conditions in its current location and to rival another deep-water port, the nearby Ningbo-Zhoushan port.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The port is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to Singapore, towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its connections to Central Europe and the North Sea.


title: Port of Shanghai

text: The Port of Shanghai is a critically important transport hub for the Yangtze River region and the most important gateway for foreign trade. It serves the Yangtze economically developed hinterland of Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Henan provinces with its dense population, strong industrial base and developed agricultural sector.


title: Patatas bravas

text: Patatas bravas (), also called "patatas a la brava" or "papas bravas", all meaning "spicy potatoes", is a dish native to Spain. It typically consists of white potatoes that have been cut into -wide cubes, then fried in oil and served warm with a spicy sauce. This dish is commonly served in restaurants and bars in Madrid, and throughout Spain as part of tapas.


title: Patatas bravas

text: Patatas bravas are served in bars in servings that contain approximately a quarter kilo of potato. It is frequently consumed as part of tapas.


title: Strange Angel

text: Strange Angel is an American historical drama streaming television series that premiered on June 14, 2018, on CBS All Access. The series is based on the biography of Thelemic magician and scientist Jack Parsons. "Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons" by George Pendle and was created by Mark Heyman, who also executive produces and writes for the show. On October 29, 2018, it was announced that CBS All Access had renewed the series for a second season that premiered on June 13, 2019. In November 2019, the series was canceled after two seasons.


title: Strange Angel

text: "Strange Angel" follows "Jack Parsons, a brilliant and ambitious blue-collar worker of 1930s Los Angeles who started as a janitor at a chemical factory but had fantastical dreams that led him to birth the unknown discipline of American rocketry. Along the way, he fell into a mysterious world that included sex magic rituals at night, and he became a disciple of occultist Aleister Crowley. Parsons used Crowley's teachings of self-actualization to support his unimaginable and unprecedented endeavor to the stars."


title: Strange Angel

text: On October 15, 2014, it was reported that Mark Heyman was writing a television series adaptation of "Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons" by George Pendle for AMC. The series was set to be produced by Ridley Scott and his Scott Free Productions through their first-look deal at the network. By 2016, the series had advanced as far as setting up a writers room and producing multiple scripts for series consideration. AMC ultimately did not proceed with the production.


title: Strange Angel

text: On August 1, 2017, the project was ordered to series by CBS All Access. The scripts completed for the series while under development at AMC were expected to be utilized after a deal was struck between CBS and AMC. On December 11, 2017, it was reported that the production had been selected to receive California tax credits with the series' credit being around $7.846 million.


title: Strange Angel

text: On April 19, 2018, it was announced that the series was set to premiere on June 14, 2018. The first season, consisting of ten episodes, was expected to see each episode released weekly on Thursdays. On October 29, 2018, it was announced that CBS All Access had renewed the series for a second season. On December 10, 2018, it was reported that the second season would receive $10.6 million in tax credits from the state of California.


title: Strange Angel

text: On April 18, 2019, it was announced that the second season would premiere on June 13, 2019. On November 26, 2019, CBS All Access canceled the series after two seasons.


title: Strange Angel

text: On January 5, 2018, it was announced that Jack Reynor had been cast in the series lead role of Jack Parsons. On January 17, 2018, it was announced that Rupert Friend had joined the main cast in the role of Ernest Donovan. On February 13, 2018, it was announced that Bella Heathcote had been cast in the series' lead female role of Susan Parsons. On February 16, 2018, it was reported that six actors had been added to the series' cast including Peter Mark Kendall, Michael Gaston, Greg Wise, Rade Šerbedžija, Zack Pearlman, and Keye Chen. In March 2018, it was announced that Laine Neil and Elena Satine had joined the series in recurring roles. On April 4, 2018, it was reported that Karl Makinen was joining the series a recurring capacity. On April 23, 2019, Laine Neil was promoted to series regular for season 2.


title: Strange Angel

text: The first trailer for the series was released alongside a promotional poster on May 1, 2018. On May 23, 2018, a second trailer was released.


title: Strange Angel

text: On June 4, 2018, the series held its official premiere at the Avalon Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. The event was attended by cast members, including Jack Reynor, Bella Heathcote, Zack Pearlman, Elena Satine, Keye Chen, Greg Wise, and Rupert Friend.


title: Strange Angel

text: On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 71% approval rating with an average rating of 6.59 out of 10 based on 17 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "A beautiful slow burn, "Strange Angel" shoots for the stars, but gets a little lost in its own orbit." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 58 out of 100 based on 9 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."


title: Orthrus

text: In Greek mythology, Orthrus (, "Orthros") or Orthus (, "Orthos") was, according to the mythographer Apollodorus, a two-headed dog who guarded Geryon's cattle and was killed by Heracles. He was the offspring of the monsters Echidna and Typhon, and the brother of Cerberus, who was also a multi-headed guard dog.


title: Orthrus

text: His name is given as either "Orthrus" ("Ὄρθρος") or "Orthus" ("Ὄρθος"). For example, Hesiod, the oldest source, calls the hound "Orthus", while Apollodorus calls him "Orthrus".


title: Orthrus

text: According to Hesiod, Orthrus was the father of the Sphinx and the Nemean Lion, though whom Hesiod meant as the mother, whether it is Orthrus' own mother Echidna, the Chimera, or Ceto, is unclear.


title: Orthrus

text: Orthrus and his master Eurytion were charged with guarding the three-headed, or three-bodied giant Geryon's herd of red cattle in the "sunset" land of Erytheia ("red one"), an island in the far west of the Mediterranean. Heracles killed Orthrus, and later slew Eurytion and Geryon before taking the red cattle to complete his tenth labor. According to Apollodorus, Heracles killed Orthrus with his club, although in art Orthrus is sometimes depicted pierced by arrows.


title: Orthrus

text: The poet Pindar refers to the "hounds of Geryon" trembling before Heracles. Pindar's use of the plural "hounds" in connection with Geryon is unique. He may have used the plural because Orthus had multiple heads, or perhaps because he knew a tradition in which Geryon had more than one dog.


title: Orthrus

text: Depictions of Orthrus in art are rare, and always in connection with the theft of Geryon's cattle by Heracles. He is usually shown dead or dying, sometimes pierced by one or more arrows.


title: Orthrus

text: The earliest depiction of Orthrus is found on a late seventh-century bronze horse pectoral from Samos (Samos B2518). It shows a two-headed Orthrus, with an arrow protruding from one of his heads, crouching at the feet, and in front of Geryon. Orthrus is facing Heracles, who stands to the left, wearing his characteristic lion-skin, fighting Geryon to the right.


title: Orthrus

text: A red-figure cup by Euphronios from Vulci c. 550–500 BC (Munich 2620) shows a two-headed Orthrus lying belly-up, with an arrow piercing his chest, and his snake tail still writhing behind him. Heracles is on the left, wearing his lion-skin, fighting a three-bodied Geryon to the right. An Attic black-figure neck amphora, by the Swing Painter c. 550–500 BC (Cab. Med. 223), shows a two-headed Orthrus, at the feet of a three-bodied Geryon, with two arrows protruding through one of his heads, and a dog tail.


title: Orthrus

text: According to Apollodorus, Orthrus had two heads; however, in art, the number varies. As in the Samos pectoral, Euphronios' cup, and the Swing Painter's, amphora, Orthrus is usually depicted with two heads, although, from the mid sixth century, he is sometimes depicted with only one head, while one early fifth century BC Cypriot stone relief gives him three heads, á la Cerberus.


title: Orthrus

text: The Euphronios cup, and the stone relief depict Orthrus, like Cerberus, with a snake tail, though usually he is shown with a dog tail, as in the Swing Painter's amphora.


title: Orthrus

text: Orthrus bears a close resemblance to Cerberus, the hound of Hades. The classical scholar Arthur Bernard Cook called Orthrus Cerberus' "doublet". According to Hesiod, Cerberus, like Orthrus was the offspring of Echidna and Typhon. And like Orthrus, Cerberus was multi-headed. The earliest accounts gave Cerberus fifty, or even one hundred heads, though in literature three heads for Cerberus became the standard. However, in art, often only two heads for Cerberus are shown. Cerberus was also usually depicted with a snake tail, just as Orthrus was sometimes. Both became guard dogs, with Cerberus guarding the gates of Hades, and both were overcome by Heracles in one of his labours.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: Vaya Con Dios (Spanish for "Go with God!") is a Belgian music act that stood out for its mixing of styles, as well as the distinctive voice of its lead singer Dani Klein. It was one of the most successful Belgian music acts ever, having sold more than 10 million albums and more than 3 million singles.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: It was founded in 1986, but after 1991 Vaya Con Dios was for the most part a one woman band, centered on singer, lyricist, band leader and producer Dani Klein, reinforced by an ever-changing selection of musicians. In 2014, Dani Klein performed her last international tour under the Vaya Con Dios formula. Vaya Con Dios officially disbanded with their last concert on 25 October 2014, in Forest National. In 2022 Vaya Con Dios returned with a new album.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: Vaya Con Dios was founded in 1986 by Dirk Schoufs, Dani Klein (Danielle Schoovaerts) and Willy Lambregt (known as Willy Willy). Schoufs (1962; double bass) and Lambregt (1959; guitars) were close friends, who had frequently worked as an acoustic duo. Klein (1953; lead singer, lyricist) and Lambregt had previously worked in electronic band Arbeid Adelt !, which lost momentum when band leader Marcel Vanthilt left to become an MTV Europe VJ.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: After enjoying a one-off performance as a trio, they decided to form Vaya Con Dios, based on shared interests in gypsy music, jazz and opera – genres they felt were underappreciated in Brussels.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: The trio's first single "Just a Friend of Mine" (1987) entered the top 20 in Belgium, and became a top 10 hit in France. This was a milestone especially for Klein, who was now 34, and who had been trying to make it as a singer since age 17.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: After this first hit, Lambregt left the band, well before the 1988 debut album "Vaya Con Dios" was completed, and was later replaced by Jean-Michel Gielen. This first album, self-produced by Schoufs and Klein, met with mixed critical acclaim, mostly because it was very eclectic, and difficult to categorize. Nevertheless, it was well received in several European countries, and held three more singles.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: The 1990 follow-up album "Night Owls" was again produced by Klein and Schoufs, and produced another three singles. "Nah Neh Nah", an up-tempo mix of Latin and jazz-rock, profited from heavy airplay on MTV Europe. "What's a Woman?", a soul ballad, did well across Europe, and became a number one hit in the Netherlands and Belgium.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: In 1991, Schoufs and Klein fell out badly, resulting in Schoufs' departure from the band, only to die months later, on 24 May 1991, at the age of just 29, of a cocktail of medication, alcohol, and drugs.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: Klein, left playing with just Gielen and various musicians, nevertheless continued to record a new Vaya Con Dios album, while at the same time doing more and more international performances, due to ever-increasing popularity. In 1992, "Time Flies" was released, produced mostly by Klein herself. Again three singles were released from the album, the dramatic "Heading For a Fall" doing well in several countries. The album did very well in Europe, reaching number one in Switzerland and getting platinum certification in four countries, eventually proving to be the most successful Vaya Con Dios album. In 1993 it was followed with the first Vaya Con Dios world tour.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: In 1995 Klein, by then evidently suffering from a high workload, still managed to record a fourth Vaya Con Dios album: "Roots and Wings", from which yet another three singles were released. Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Alabama, the album is even more soul oriented, while at the same time integrating Arab and India music influences. Again there was album chart success in several European countries.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: In 1996 Klein quit the music business because of complete fatigue, marked by spontaneous hair loss. She returned in 1999 as the singer in the group Purple Prose, which released a debut album that year. Vaya Con Dios returned in 2004 with a new album titled "The Promise".


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: In 2006, "The Ultimate Collection" greatest hits album was released. It featured Aaron Neville on a new recording of the 1990 soul ballad "What's a Woman?" In October 2009, the album "Comme on est venu" was released, for the first time with all songs in French (one of Klein's first languages). In December 2010, the German DJ Duo Milk & Sugar released a remix of the song "Nah Neh Nah" that reached the Top 10 in the German Media-Control Charts.


title: Vaya Con Dios (band)

text: In 2013, Dani Klein started a farewell tour, the last Vaya Con Dios tour ever. The last concert was held 25 October 2014 at Forest National in Brussels, but in 2022, after 8 years, the band returned with a new album 'What's a Woman'.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay), is a city in India which contains the neighborhood of Kamathipura, one of the largest red-light districts in Asia. India is regarded as having one of the largest commercial sex trades globally. These neighborhoods are so large and popular that Mumbai has been called the "ultimate destination" for sex tourism. The red-light districts or "lal bazaars" in Mumbai are inhabited by thousands of sex workers including women, men, children, and transgender people.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Mumbai is the capital city of the state of Maharashtra and is one of the largest cities in India with an estimated population of over 18 million people. India is considered to be the global epicenter of sex work and has the largest commercial sex trade in the world. Mumbai is the largest city in the state of Maharashtra and is often referred to as the ultimate sex tourist destination. India is a country made up of people that celebrate and practice a variety of cultural and religious traditions, and the people that make up India come from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Although India is not unique in gender-discrimination based violence it is a country that on one hand controls the sexuality of women yet is also home to one the largest flourishing commercial sex trades.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: One of the red light districts in Mumbai emerged from British colonial rule in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was created out of a fear of British soldiers engaging in homosexual relations with other soldiers. The British also saw an additional reason for needing prostitution, especially amongst the military. It was seen as necessary to stave off boredom among soldiers and to reinforce imperial dominance through sexual control of Indian women. In creating a zone for British soldiers to engage in "safe heterosexual relations" British colonial administration held the power to separate the brothel area from the "respectable" residential areas which granted them power and control over the lives of the sex workers.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Research into sex work in Mumbai originally drew attention to the HIV/AIDS patterns discovered there. Researchers have subsequently studied the state of sex work in Mumbai by interviewing and collecting the narratives of those involved in and affected by sex work.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Svati P. Shah, an anthropologist who studies gender and women in South Asia, says that the use of the term "prostitution" is a matter of context and argues against its use as a universal term that combines all forms of transactional sex into a singular conceptual framework. While those involved in current and past research concerning this issue typically employ the term "sex work", others argue that "prostitution" refers more to human trafficking. Some supporters of the abolition of prostitution reject the use of the term "sex worker" as they argue that it legitimises prostitution. According to the anthropologist Susanne Asman there were vague terms used in Ichigyang to refer to women engaging in sex work; they were often described as "Bombay going" or "women doing that work".


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Mumbai contains the largest red light district in Asia, in the neighborhood of Kamathipura. Kamathipura is estimated to have over five thousand sex workers, who are identified as male, female, and transgender. Of the estimated five thousand sex workers located in Kamathipura the majority are assumed to be victims of sex trafficking. However it is difficult to determine the exact number of those involved in trafficking in the red light districts of Mumbai due to the criminal nature of the issue and the scale of it. The victims are typically young girls, and are usually trafficked from the surrounding areas, but they are sometimes trafficked from neighboring countries such as Nepal and Bangladesh. "Hijaras" can also be found working in the red light districts of Mumbai. It has been argued that "hijaras" are more likely to participate in high risk sex acts with clients because it is believed they cannot contract or spread disease or illness. Sex workers in Mumbai at brothels and other commercial sex sites are visited by both men from the local area and those traveling to the area in search of employment.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Currently there are a large amount of vague restrictions regarding the act of participating in sex work.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Many studies have indicated that sex workers in Mumbai enter into the sex industry for a range of reasons. Many of the interviews and studies that have been conducted demonstrate that when people enter or are forced into the industry it is usually as a result of some kind of crisis. Researchers have used interviews to study how and why women participate in sex work. Through these interviews it has been concluded that female sex workers typically end up in sex work for a variety of reasons ranging from but not limited to marital abuse, death of their husband, poverty, or death of a parent. Researchers have identified these scenarios as some of the most common. Ashwini Tambe, professor and scholar in gender and women studies, argues that in Mumbai the realm of sex work and the role of family are not separate. In studying the role of sex workers in Mumbai, it was also found that many women are sold into sex work by friends, acquaintances, or family members. Increased economic hardship can result in women such as housewives and daily laborers using sex work as a method of securing additional income to support themselves and/or their families.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: According to Robert Friedman, an American investigative journalist, human rights organizations say that over 90% of female sex workers in Mumbai are considered indentured servants.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Traditionally research has usually concerned itself with the situation of female and child sex workers in Mumbai, ignoring the increasing proportion of male and transgender sex workers. Including male sex workers in discussions about the state of sex work in Mumbai is necessary, as male sex workers are considered a high-risk group for HIV infection. As research has developed concerning the role of male sex workers in Mumbai it has been demonstrated through interviews that although these men's responses vary with their sexual identities, their soliciting practices, sex roles and clientele, they nevertheless indicate that they entered into sex work as a result of their poor economic status.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: As efforts have increased to enforce anti-human trafficking and HIV/AIDS prevention, brothels have become the main target of these preventive measures. This has increased the diversification of sex work occurring in Mumbai as clients have become more likely to seek services outside of brothels because they believe they are less likely to contract HIV/AIDS.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Social workers have been given the responsibility of addressing the issues associated with sex trafficking in Mumbai, and the large amount of young girls trafficked. As the industry continues to expand the demand for young girls has begun to rise. The brothels in the red light districts of Mumbai are patrolled by "goondas", thugs who work for or are part of the mafia, to ensure that enslaved sex workers do not escape or run away. Police raids are said to target mostly girls from outside India and also underage girls, who are often kept out of view by brothel owners.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: The madams of female sex workers usually receive payment upfront for the female sex worker performing the sex act. From their wages the female sex workers typically have to pay for electricity, food, rent, interest, and bribes paid to local police.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: In recent years Mumbai has reported a dwindling number of brothels as a result of gentrification, heightened anti-trafficking efforts and police enforcement raids. This has resulted in the dispersal of sex workers, increasing their vulnerability. While efforts to encourage women sex workers to use condoms have been emphasized, their users often face stigmatization. Young girls who have been trafficked into sex work often have no autonomy and no choice as to whether or not they use condoms when engaging in sex work. Condoms are also not used when a girl is presented and sold to a client as a virgin – a practice known as "sar dhaki" – demonstrating that despite targeted efforts to ensure safer working conditions this remain an issue.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Following the first case of HIV/AIDS identified in Mumbai, efforts to prevent the disease were undertaken. With the implementation of these efforts advocates recognized they had to understand the functioning of the sex industry. As efforts to engage with sex workers for HIV/AIDS prevention increased, many of these concentrated solely on female sex workers, neglecting male and transgender sex workers. From 2006 to 2009, Mumbai experienced an intensive HIV prevention campaign and there was increased use of safer sex in brothels and among street-based sex workers. Programs intended to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS range from but are not limited to efforts that include peer based education, condom distribution, increased screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and diseases. Between the years 2006 and 2009 the rates of women with HIV in Maharashtra went from 26% to 27.5%, with a large proportion of these infection rates coming from Mumbai. According to Human Rights Watch more than half of the population of sex workers in Mumbai have contracted HIV. It is a characteristic of some Arab and Indian men to bid for and purchase virgin sex workers from Mumbai as it is believed that sex with a virgin can cure gonorrhea and syphilis. Some female sex workers develop a relationship with their clients, considering them a lover or a partner. In this case they often will not use a condom with the partner, even if they are HIV positive.


title: Prostitution in Mumbai

text: Svati P. Shah, the author of "Street Corner Secrets" and other works about research into the conditions of red light districts in Mumbai, has been working to broaden the discussion about the conditions there. Shah warns those interested in doing research work in Mumbai against sensationalizing the conditions of sex work and the patterns of HIV and AIDS. The anthropologist Susanne Asman has studied the lives of women sex workers who have returned to Nepal after working and living in Mumbai for some years. Over the course of ten years Susanne Asman collected information and conducted fieldwork concerning stories, lives and behaviour patterns of women sex workers returning to their home villages from Mumbai. As research has developed and more nuanced studies have been released many researchers still place much emphasis on the practices and politics of sex work.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: Transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any of a variety of different functions in the cell. There are many types of post-transcriptional modifications achieved through a diverse class of molecular mechanisms.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: One example is the conversion of precursor messenger RNA transcripts into mature messenger RNA that is subsequently capable of being translated into protein. This process includes three major steps that significantly modify the chemical structure of the RNA molecule: the addition of a 5' cap, the addition of a 3' polyadenylated tail, and RNA splicing. Such processing is vital for the correct translation of eukaryotic genomes because the initial precursor mRNA produced by transcription often contains both exons (coding sequences) and introns (non-coding sequences); splicing removes the introns and links the exons directly, while the cap and tail facilitate the transport of the mRNA to a ribosome and protect it from molecular degradation.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: Post-transcriptional modifications may also occur during the processing of other transcripts which ultimately become transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, or any of the other types of RNA used by the cell.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: Capping of the pre-mRNA involves the addition of 7-methylguanosine (mG) to the 5' end. To achieve this, the terminal 5' phosphate requires removal, which is done with the aid of a phosphatase enzyme. The enzyme guanosyl transferase then catalyses the reaction, which produces the diphosphate 5' end. The diphosphate 5' end then attacks the alpha phosphorus atom of a GTP molecule in order to add the guanine residue in a 5'5' triphosphate link. The enzyme (guanine-"N"-)-methyltransferase ("cap MTase") transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine to the guanine ring. This type of cap, with just the (mG) in position is called a cap 0 structure. The ribose of the adjacent nucleotide may also be methylated to give a cap 1. Methylation of nucleotides downstream of the RNA molecule produce cap 2, cap 3 structures and so on. In these cases the methyl groups are added to the 2' OH groups of the ribose sugar.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: The cap protects the 5' end of the primary RNA transcript from attack by ribonucleases that have specificity to the 3'5' phosphodiester bonds.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: The pre-mRNA processing at the 3' end of the RNA molecule involves cleavage of its 3' end and then the addition of about 250 adenine residues to form a poly(A) tail. The cleavage and adenylation reactions occur primarily if a polyadenylation signal sequence (5'- AAUAAA-3') is located near the 3' end of the pre-mRNA molecule, which is followed by another sequence, which is usually (5'-CA-3') and is the site of cleavage. A GU-rich sequence is also usually present further downstream on the pre-mRNA molecule. More recently, it has been demonstrated that alternate signal sequences such as UGUA upstream off the cleavage site can also direct cleavage and polyadenylation in the absence of the AAUAAA signal.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: It is important to understand that these two signals are not mutually independent and often coexist. After the synthesis of the sequence elements, several multi-subunit proteins are transferred to the RNA molecule. The transfer of these sequence specific binding proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), Cleavage Factor I (CF I) and cleavage stimulation factor (CStF) occurs from RNA Polymerase II. The three factors bind to the sequence elements. The AAUAAA signal is directly bound by CPSF. For UGUA dependent processing sites, binding of the multi protein complex is done by Cleavage Factor I (CF I). The resultant protein complex formed contains additional cleavage factors and the enzyme Polyadenylate Polymerase (PAP). This complex cleaves the RNA between the polyadenylation sequence and the GU-rich sequence at the cleavage site marked by the (5'-CA-3') sequences. Poly(A) polymerase then adds about 200 adenine units to the new 3' end of the RNA molecule using ATP as a precursor. As the poly(A) tail is synthesized, it binds multiple copies of poly(A)-binding protein, which protects the 3'end from ribonuclease digestion by enzymes including the CCR4-Not complex.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: RNA splicing is the process by which introns, regions of RNA that do not code for proteins, are removed from the pre-mRNA and the remaining exons connected to re-form a single continuous molecule. Exons are sections of mRNA which become "expressed" or translated into a protein. They are the coding portions of a mRNA molecule. Although most RNA splicing occurs after the complete synthesis and end-capping of the pre-mRNA, transcripts with many exons can be spliced co-transcriptionally. The splicing reaction is catalyzed by a large protein complex called the spliceosome assembled from proteins and small nuclear RNA molecules that recognize splice sites in the pre-mRNA sequence. Many pre-mRNAs, including those encoding antibodies, can be spliced in multiple ways to produce different mature mRNAs that encode different protein sequences. This process is known as alternative splicing, and allows production of a large variety of proteins from a limited amount of DNA.


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: Histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the core of a nucleosome and thus are called core histones. Processing of core histones is done differently because typical histone mRNA lacks several features of other eukaryotic mRNAs, such as poly(A) tail and introns. Thus, such mRNAs do not undergo splicing and their 3' processing is done independent of most cleavage and polyadenylation factors. Core histone mRNAs have a special stem-loop structure at 3-prime end that is recognized by a stem–loop binding protein and a downstream sequence, called histone downstream element (HDE) that recruits U7 snRNA. Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 cuts mRNA between stem-loop and HDE


title: Post-transcriptional modification

text: Histone variants, such as H2A.Z or H3.3, however, have introns and are processed as normal mRNAs including splicing and polyadenylation.


title: Bind rune

text: A bind rune or bindrune () is a Migration Period Germanic ligature of two or more runes. They are extremely rare in Viking Age inscriptions, but are common in earlier (Proto-Norse) and later (medieval) inscriptions.


title: Bind rune

text: On some runestones, bind runes may have been ornamental and used to highlight the name of the carver.


title: Bind rune

text: There are two types of bind runes. Normal bind runes are formed of two (or rarely three) adjacent runes which are joined together to form a single conjoined glyph, usually sharing a common vertical stroke (see "Hadda" example below). Another type of bind rune called a same-stave rune, which is common in Scandinavian runic inscriptions but does not occur at all in Anglo-Saxon runic inscriptions, is formed by several runic letters written sequentially along a long common stemline (see "þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n" example shown above). In the latter cases the long bind rune stemline may be incorporated into an image on the rune stone, for example as a ship's mast on runestones Sö 158 at Ärsta and Sö 352 in Linga, Södermanland, Sweden, or as the waves under a ship on DR 220 in Sønder Kirkeby, Denmark.


title: Bind rune

text: Bind runes are not common in Anglo-Saxon inscriptions, but double ligatures do sometimes occur, and triple ligatures may rarely occur. The following are examples of bind-runes that have been identified in Anglo-Saxon runic inscriptions:


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Noshir Sheriarji Gowadia (born April 11, 1944) is a former design engineer and convicted spy for several countries. He was arrested in 2005 and later convicted on industrial espionage-related federal charges.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Gowadia was accused of selling classified information to China and to individuals in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. On August 9, 2010, he was convicted in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii on 14 of the 17 charges against him. On 24 January 2011, he was sentenced to 32 years in prison.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Born to a Parsi family in Mumbai, India, he immigrated to the United States and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He joined Northrop in November 1968, and continued to work there until April 1986. As a design engineer, Gowadia was reportedly one of the principal designers of the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, who conceived and conceptually designed the B-2 bomber's entire propulsion system and billed himself as the "father of the technology that protects the B-2 stealth bomber from heat-seeking missiles." In 1999, he founded N.S. Gowadia, Inc., his own consulting company.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: In October 2005, he was interviewed twice by the authorities, and his multimillion-dollar home in Hawaii was searched. Later the same month, he was arrested, and charged with giving secret defense information to unauthorized parties. According to prosecutors, the information mostly related to the B-2 project, and at least eight foreign countries were shown documents relating to the B-2's stealth technology. In an affidavit, Gowadia admitted to transmitting classified information, and stated that he did so "to establish the technological credibility with the potential customers for future business." Gowadia was held without bail after his arrest.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: On October 26, 2005, Gowadia was arrested and charged with one count of "willfully communicating delivering or transmitting national defense information to a person not entitled to receive it, which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation" in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: On November 8, 2006, a federal grand jury in Honolulu returned an 18-count superseding indictment against Gowadia. According to a press release from the Department of Justice:


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Gowadia was also charged with helping to design stealth technology for Chinese missiles, and with money laundering.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Gowadia's trial was scheduled for July 10, 2007 but received a continuance until February 12, 2008, because Gowadia's new counsel had to be investigated by the United States Department of Justice for a security background check to allow him to use classified information as evidence at the trial. It was later reported that the trial had been postponed until October 2008, and then again postponed until January 21, 2009. A trial date for May 5, 2009 was delayed in order to assess if Gowadia was fit to stand trial on mental health grounds.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: In November 2009, defense counsel psychology experts tried to establish that Gowadia suffers from narcissistic personality disorder but U.S. Magistrate Judge Kevin S.C. Chang said in a ruling issued late Friday, November 20, that the testimony of the two defense witnesses — Richard Rogers, a forensic psychology professor at the University of North Texas, and Pablo Stewart, a psychiatry professor at the University of California, San Francisco — was not credible. The defendant's unwillingness to thoroughly consult with his lawyers does not equate with an inability to do so, Chang said. That challenging relationship between the defendant and his lawyers cannot and does not provide the basis to find the defendant incompetent, Chang added. Chief U.S. District Judge Susan Oki Mollway chose to accept Chang's recommendation.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: A trial was held in 2010. Opening statements began on April 12, 2010. The trial included 39 days of often technical testimony and lasted nearly four months. The FBI Case Agent, Thatcher Mohajerin, testified for weeks. Closing arguments took place on July 29, 2010. Assistant U.S. Attorney Ken Sorenson represented the government in the case, and defense attorney David Klein represented Gowadia. The jury deliberated for five and a half days before returning a guilty verdict on August 10, 2010. Sorenson, the prosecutor, later won the J. Michael Bradford Award of the National Association of Former United States Attorneys for his work in the case.


title: Noshir Gowadia

text: Although sentencing was set for November 22, 2010, and though Gowadia could have faced a sentence of life in prison, on January 24, 2011 he was sentenced to 32 years in prison.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: The Accidental Husband is a 2008 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne and starring Uma Thurman, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Colin Firth, Isabella Rossellini, and Sam Shepard. The film was written by Mimi Hare, Clare Naylor and Bonnie Sikowitz, and was produced by Jennifer Todd, Jason Blum, and Uma Thurman. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom in 2008, but was released direct-to-DVD in the United States.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Patrick Sullivan is looking forward to a life with Sophia, until she calls into the radio show hosted by famed love expert Dr. Emma Lloyd. Emma questions Sophia’s concept of romantic love and advises her to break their engagement, which she swiftly does.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Patrick is so upset that when he hears that Emma is about to be married herself, he allows his young neighbour, Ajay, to hack into public records and create a fake marriage certificate between himself and Emma. Upon going to the public records office to get a marriage license, Emma and her perfect-gentleman fiancé, Richard, are told she is already married.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Emma sets out to find Patrick and give him annulment papers to sign so that she can marry Richard. Emma finds Patrick in a bar, and their initial meeting ends with her getting drunk. The following day, Patrick comes to Emma's workplace to give her the annulment papers as she is leaving for a wedding cake tasting. Patrick accompanies her to the tasting, where Frau Greta Bollenbecker assumes he is Emma's fiancé, Richard. Greta later comes to Emma's book launch because her husband Herr Karl Bollenbecker is planning to liquidate Richard's publishing house. Greta meets Emma during the banquet and tells her of the same. Patrick still has the annulment papers, so he comes to the book launch. Matters get worse when Richard sees Greta and Karl with Emma and Patrick, who is posing as Richard, but Richard agrees to go along with it when he learns that Greta thinks Patrick will charm Karl so much that Karl will decide to continue business with "Richard".


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Patrick invites them all to Ajay's ceremony. Emma and the other guests have a good time there, and she sees a whole new side of Patrick, who had been repulsive to her so far. There is a slight spark of attraction, but Emma flees the scene before anything can happen.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Patrick decides to throw out everything related to Emma or Sophia, but instead reads Emma's book, "Real Love". He comes to confront her about the book because he thinks it only points out all the bad things in a relationship. Patrick and Emma continue their argument in an elevator. Suddenly Patrick flashes his New York City Fire Department badge and asks the other occupants to leave the elevator. He then locks the elevator to kiss Emma. Security staff see them through a CCTV in the elevator and ask them to leave.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Emma finally has the signed and notarized annulment papers, but she considers calling off her wedding. She goes to Patrick’s lodgings and they make love that night. The following morning, Emma finds all the papers related to her and Sophia in the trash. Patrick then confesses that he had initially wanted to teach her a lesson about love but then fell for her. Emma then goes back to the honorable Richard, who still loves her and says that she wants to marry him.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: One day before her wedding, Patrick calls her at the radio station and tells her that he loves her. She does not answer him. The next day on her wedding day, she confides in her father, Wilder, and asks for his advice. He tells her that the decision is hers. Richard comes to see Emma in the bridal chamber. Richard had also heard the radio show the night before and tells her that he wants her to be happy, and they amicably break up.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Emma sets off the church's fire sprinklers in an attempt to get Patrick to the church. Meanwhile, the fire department where Patrick works is called to the church to put out the fire. When Patrick arrives there, Emma and Patrick get married and leave in the fire truck. The final scene shifts to a year later where it is shown that Emma is pregnant and that she and Patrick are still very much in love. The movie ends with a Tamil song, "Swasame", from the movie "Thenali" in the background.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: The film features several Indian songs, including A. R. Rahman's "Yaro Yarodi", "Swasamae" and "Rang De" (from the films "Alaipayuthey", "Thenali" and "Thakshak" respectively) as well as Panjabi Hit Squad's "Kuriyeh".


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Theatrically, the film was released on February 29, 2008 in the UK and was scheduled to be released on August 22, 2008 in the United States. It was delayed to March 27, 2009 before being shelved indefinitely following the bankruptcy of its distributor, Yari Film Group's releasing division. It was released direct-to-DVD in the United States on November 10, 2009.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 6% based on reviews from 17 critics. On Metacritic it has an approval rating of 14% based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian criticized the predictable plot and the actors lack of romantic chemistry.


title: The Accidental Husband

text: Jenny McCartney of The Telegraph was critical of the lack of chemistry "None of it works: the inexplicable alchemy between co-stars that can seduce the audience even in an indifferent rom-com doesn't arise between Thurman and Morgan."


title: Revenge of the Nerds (film series)

text: Revenge of the Nerds is an American comedy franchise. The series revolves around a group of socially-inept students (the nerds) trying to get revenge on their harassers. The series began with the eponymous 1984 film and was followed by three sequels: "" (1987), "" (1992) (TV), and "" (1994) (TV). A remake of the first film was to begin filming in October 2006 for a prospective release in 2007, but was cancelled due to problems securing a viable filming location. In December 2020 it was announced that "Family Guy" creator Seth MacFarlane would reboot the series under his Fuzzy Door Productions label.


title: Passacaglia

text: The passacaglia (; ) is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used today by composers. It is usually of a serious character and is often based on a bass-ostinato and written in triple metre.


title: Passacaglia

text: The term passacaglia (; ; Italian: "passacaglia", "passacaglio", "passagallo", "passacagli", "passacaglie") derives from the Spanish "pasar" (to walk) and "calle" (street). It originated in early 17th-century Spain as a strummed interlude between instrumentally accompanied dances or songs. Despite the form's Spanish roots (confirmed by references in Spanish literature of the period), the first written examples of passacaglias are found in an Italian source dated 1606. These pieces, as well as others from Italian sources from the beginning of the century, are simple, brief sequences of chords outlining a cadential formula.


title: Passacaglia

text: The passacaglia was redefined in the late 1620s by Italian composer Girolamo Frescobaldi, who transformed it into a series of continuous variations over a bass (which itself may be varied). Later composers adopted this model, and by the nineteenth century the word came to mean a series of variations over an ostinato pattern, usually of a serious character. A similar form, the chaconne, was also first developed by Frescobaldi. The two genres are closely related, but since "composers often used the terms chaconne and passacaglia indiscriminately [...] modern attempts to arrive at a clear distinction are arbitrary and historically unfounded".


title: Passacaglia

text: In early scholarship, attempts to formally differentiate between the historical chaconne and passacaglia were made, but researchers often came to opposite conclusions. For example, Percy Goetschius held that the chaconne is usually based on a harmonic sequence with a recurring soprano melody, and the passacaglia was formed over a ground bass pattern, whereas Clarence Lucas defined the two forms in precisely the opposite way. More recently, however, some progress has been made toward making a useful distinction for the usage of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, when some composers (notably Frescobaldi and François Couperin) deliberately mixed the two genres in the same composition.


title: Passacaglia

text: Some examples are the organ passacaglias of Johann Sebastian Bach, Dieterich Buxtehude, Johann Pachelbel, Sigfrid Karg-Elert, Johann Caspar Kerll, Daniel Gregory Mason, Georg Muffat, Gottlieb Muffat, Johann Kuhnau, Juan Bautista Cabanilles, Bernardo Pasquini, Max Reger, Ralph Vaughan Williams ("Passacaglia on B–G–C", 1933), and Leo Sowerby.


title: Passacaglia

text: Passacaglias for lute have been composed by figures such as Alessandro Piccinini, Giovanni Girolamo Kapsperger, Sylvius Leopold Weiss, Esaias Reusner, Count Logy, Robert de Visée, Jacques Bittner, Philipp Franz Lesage De Richee, Gleitsmann, Dufaut, Gallot, Denis Gaultier, Ennemond Gaultier, and Roman Turovsky-Savchuk, a passacaglia for bandura by Julian Kytasty, and for baroque guitar by Paulo Galvão, Santiago de Murcia, Francesc Guerau, Gaspar Sanz, and Marcello Vitale.


title: Passacaglia

text: One of the best known examples of the passacaglia in Western classical music is the "Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582", for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach. The French clavecinists, especially Louis Couperin and his nephew François Couperin, used a variant of the form—the "passacaille en rondeau"—with a recurring episode between the variations. Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber's "Passacaglia", the last piece of the monumental "Rosary Sonatas", is one of the earliest known compositions for solo violin. The central episode of Claudio Monteverdi's madrigal "Lamento della Ninfa" is a passacaglia on a descending tetrachord. The first two movements of the fourth sonata from Johann Heinrich Schmelzer's "Sonatæ unarum fidium" are passacaglias on a descending tetrachord, but in uncharacteristic major. The fourth movement of Luigi Boccherini's "Quintettino No. 6, Op. 30", (also known as "Musica notturna delle strade di Madrid") is titled "Passacalle". The last movement of George Frideric Handel's Harpsichord Suite in G minor (HWV 432) is a passacaglia which has become well known as a duo for violin and viola, arranged by the Norwegian violinist Johan Halvorsen.


title: Passacaglia

text: Other examples of "passacaille" include "Les plaisirs ont choisi" from Jean-Baptiste Lully's opera "Armide" (1686) and Dido's Lament, "When I am Laid in Earth" from Henry Purcell's "Dido and Aeneas", the aria "Piango, gemo, sospiro" by Antonio Vivaldi, or "Usurpator tiranno" and "Stabat Mater" by Giovanni Felice Sances, et al.