title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: Featured in the closing credits is a cover version, in 1920s faux-jazz style, of "When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going" (c. 1986), performed by Colin Firth, Ben Barnes, Jessica Biel, and Andy Caine. The song was written by Billy Ocean, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, Wayne Brathwaite, and Barry Eastmond. The British jazz renditions of the songs "Car Wash" and "Sex Bomb" were also included.


title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 52% approval rating based on 126 reviews with an average rating of 5.8/10. Metacritic gives the film a score of 58% based on reviews from 28 critics.


title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: Colm Andrew of the "Manx Independent" gave the film 7/10 and said it was "a frothy affair but the source material is good—the script is workmanlike but at least it doesn't try to be clever and the quality of the acting makes sure the lines resonate soundly". Some critics felt that the movie's insistent jazz-age lilt is ultimately at odds with a play written in 1924 that attacks the hypocrisy, smugness and benighted values of the English landed gentry between the wars. The screenplay includes scattered Coward "bons mots", but the witticisms do not come as thick or as fast as in his later plays.


title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: Broadsheet and national British reviews were generally mixed or negative. Film Four's praised the casting of Biel and noted that, though Firth's and Thomas's casting was "hardly radical thinking, both offer something different from their previous period work". Philip French of the "Observer" wrote that the film was "well enough designed and photographed, but witless, anachronistic, cloth-eared, lacking in both style and period sense", while Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" attacked its script for "undermin[ing] the material by slipping arch modern phrases and gags into everyone's mouths". The critic of the "Times" awarded it only one star out of five, whilst Nicholas Barber of the "Independent" wrote that "every one of Elliott's straining efforts to turn "Easy Virtue" into a zany, risqué farce only makes it seems stuffier and starchier". Stella Papamichael of "digital spy" added that British jazz renditions of "Car Wash" and "Sex Bomb" used in the film were totally distracting.


title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: The film earned US$18,463,608 worldwide. It was released in the US in May 2009, where it enjoyed some commercial success. Sony Pictures Classics paid an estimated US$1 million to acquire the film's distribution rights in the US, Latin America and South Africa. The film went on to gross US$2.5 million in limited theatrical release in the US.


title: Easy Virtue (2008 film)

text: The film earned US$2,656,784 in Canada and the US; Sony Pictures Classics paid an estimated US$1 million for distribution rights in the United States, Latin America and South Africa.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Kevin Paffrath (born January 28, 1992; also known as Meet Kevin), is an American YouTuber, landlord, investment advisor, and real estate broker. In 2019, he was described by "Curbed" as a "landlord influencer". Paffrath was a Democratic candidate to replace Gavin Newsom in the unsuccessful 2021 California gubernatorial recall election.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath was born in Germany on January 28, 1992. His parents immigrated from Wuppertal to the United States when he was 18 months old, and his parents divorced when he was six years old. As a teenager, Paffrath initially wanted to work in law enforcement, and participated in a law enforcement explorer program, in which he rode along with police officers and learned about the career. While on a high school trip to Paris, Paffrath met his future wife, Lauren. In the summer before his senior year of high school, Paffrath moved to California to live with Lauren and her family, while finishing high school at Buena High School. Lauren's parents worked in real estate, and Paffrath became interested in the field.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath attended Ventura College, and then the University of California, Los Angeles. At UCLA, he studied economics, accounting, and political science.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Kevin and Lauren Paffrath have two sons. Lauren, who began to manage properties when she was 18 years old, works as a property manager for The Paffrath Organization. , the Paffraths live in Ventura, California.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath earned his real estate license in 2010 and the same year purchased a condemned house with his future wife and fixed it up. They then began renovating additional homes and renting them out. Paffrath and his wife Lauren own the real estate business The Paffrath Organization, through which they buy, renovate, and rent properties in southern California. In 2017 they began to offer construction services through their organization but ended the venture 18 months later after losing $1million, which Paffrath attributed to narrow cost margins not allowing room for error. , Paffrath and his wife reportedly owned 22 properties, including one in which they live.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath started his YouTube channel, "Meet Kevin", in September 2010. The channel reached 1million subscribers in December 2020 and had over 1.7million . His videos have discussed topics including real estate, the stock market, COVID-19 stimulus checks, cryptocurrency, and airline points. Paffrath also teaches online courses on the Teachable platform.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Steven T. Wright publishing in the real estate website "Curbed" about "landlord influencers" included a profile of Paffrath. In the article, he described some of Paffrath's "arguably incendiary opinions on landlord-tenant relations", including Paffrath's requirement that his tenants have a credit score of 700 or higher, and his advice that property owners should mislead tenants by concealing the fact that they own the property, or are the sole owner.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: In November 2020, Paffrath's channel and real estate career were featured on CNBC's "Millennial Money", which publishes profiles of millennials and how they earn and spend their money. CNBC found that Paffrath earns most of his income from YouTube advertising revenue and affiliate programs, not real estate or stock market investing. Paffrath was among a group of finance YouTubers profiled by Adlan Jackson in a March 2021 "New York Times Magazine" article, which discussed their shift during the COVID-19 pandemic from offering advice on becoming multimillionaires towards creating videos to provide "any little update" on stimulus payments. In the article, Jackson said that Paffrath was "exceptionally talented at talking to a camera, a natural salesman", but later wrote that he was "a multimillionaire landlord who once extolled the virtues of misleading tenants and vigorously refusing to rent to people with suboptimal credit scores".


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: In August 2021, CNBC reported that Paffrath earned close to $10million from YouTube over the last 12 months.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: In November 2022, after the collapse of the FTX cryptocurrency exchange, Paffrath posted an apology video in which he claimed he was paid $2,500 every time he mentioned FTX in one of his videos. He believed he had one of the smaller deals and claimed other influencers had six-figure deals with the exchange. In a telephone interview with "MarketWatch" from a cruise with family, he said, "If I could go back in time, I would undo it all in a heartbeat. We failed here. Everybody was fooled". Paffrath claimed the income from the FTX deal only accounted for three percent of his total income for the year. In an interview with the "Wall Street Journal", he referred to this as a "scar" on him as an influencer.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Ramsey Solutions, a media company, owned by finance personality Dave Ramsey, sued Paffrath in 2018. Ramsey alleged breach of contract, stealing trade secrets, and defamatory statements. Paffrath had posted videos critical of Ramsey and his business practices. One video was entitled "Dave Ramsey: Exposed" where Paffrath claimed Ramsey's business provided "cold-as-ice leads" for real estate sales and collected a fee for "doing nothing". Paffrath stated that he had ended his relationship with Ramsey Solutions before making the videos and believed he did not violate a contract. Paffrath also claimed the lawsuit was an attempt at censorship which violated his right to free speech. The case moved to federal court in 2019, and was settled privately out of court later that year. Paffrath's videos mentioned in the lawsuit are no longer on YouTube.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath made numerous YouTube videos criticizing the business model of real estate personality Grant Cardone. In an effort to bring more attention to his other videos, in 2018, Paffrath delivered flowers to Cardone's office staff while dressed as a Christmas elf, reportedly running through Cardone's offices. Paffrath was charged with trespassing and disorderly conduct, but the charges were later dismissed. In a May 2021 interview with KTXL discussing his gubernatorial candidacy, Paffrath expressed regret for the "YouTube prank" and said he had gotten "carried away with the entertainment aspect of YouTube".


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: On May 17, 2021, Paffrath announced his candidacy as a Democrat in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election, which was held on September 14, 2021, and ultimately resulted in sitting governor Gavin Newsom not being recalled. Paffrath was one of nine Democratic candidates to replace Newsom who qualified to appear on the ballot, out of 46 total candidates; the thin pool of Democrats was attributed to the California Democratic Party's strategy, which focused on defeating the recall and discouraged established Democratic candidates from entering the race.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Instagram briefly removed Paffrath's campaign announcement post from their platform. According to Paffrath, Instagram notified him that they had removed his post, in which he described Newsom as a "weanie baby", under its harassment guidelines. Paffrath told Fox News he suspected the post was taken down intentionally and that the removal was related to its parent company Facebook's donations to Newsom's causes. A Facebook spokesperson said the company's donations had gone towards coronavirus relief, not the governor's campaign. The "Los Angeles Times" has reported that such donations by Facebook and other social media companies were "behested" payments, or indirect payments to government causes on Newsom's behalf. Shortly after Fox News inquired about the removal of the post, it was restored, and a spokesperson said it had been removed in error.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: Paffrath sued the Secretary of State of California to allow him to be listed on the ballot as "Kevin 'Meet Kevin' Paffrath". The court denied his petition on July 21, finding that "Meet Kevin" was nonetheless a brand and not a nickname or formal name.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: In August 2021, Paffrath's attorneys sent a cease and desist letter to CNN related to their reporting that "no Democrats are competing against their own party's governor." Fox News reported the CNN article was subsequently revised to state, "no party-backed Democrats are competing against their own party's governor" and suggested CNN should have been aware of Paffrath from recent press coverage.


title: Kevin Paffrath

text: 61.9% of voters opposed recalling Newsom. In the ballot question asking which candidate should replace Newsom if the recall was successful, Paffrath came in second place to Republican Larry Elder, with around 706,000 votes (9.6%) to Elder's 3.5million (48.4%).


The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (also known as the LVMPD or Metro) is a combined city and county law enforcement agency for the City of Las Vegas and Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is headed by the Sheriff of Clark County, who is publicly elected every four years. Sheriff Joe Lombardo has headed the department since January 5, 2015. The sheriff is the only elected head law enforcement officer within the county, and, as such, the department is not under the direct control of its jurisdictional cities, Clark County, or the State of Nevada.


title: Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department

text: Metro is the largest law enforcement agency in Nevada, and in 2009, was one of the largest police agencies in the United States according to Uniform Crime Reporting by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.


text: The Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) was formed on July 1, 1969, by merging the Las Vegas Police Department with the Clark County Sheriff's Department. Metro serves the city limits of Las Vegas and the unincorporated areas and towns of Clark County.


text: In the early 1970s, both the Las Vegas Police Department and the Clark County Sheriff's Department struggled with jurisdictional and budgetary problems. Oftentimes, people living in the metropolitan area would call the wrong agency to report crimes in progress, which would delay police response. Both agencies were also strapped for manpower, yet used a lot of it duplicating record-keeping and administrative functions in both of the agencies. The idea of consolidating the two law enforcement agencies into one metropolitan department began to circulate among the top officials in both agencies, likely due to the close working relationship between the Clark County Sheriff and the Las Vegas Police Chief at that time. It was said that even police officers on the Las Vegas Police Department could see that it would be better if the agency were run by the Sheriff, due to the fact that he was an elected official. Legislation to merge the Las Vegas Police Department with the Clark County Sheriff's Department was passed by the Nevada State Legislature, and the merger became effective in 1973.


text: In 1999, an outside audit conducted by DMG-Maximus, commended the department for having fewer managers and supervisors than are typically found in large police agencies. The audit also said that the managers, both sworn and civilian, were of "excellent quality".


text: On January 5, 2015, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department officially assumed responsibility for the Las Vegas Township Constable's Office. Las Vegas Township Constable's Office continues to be a separate entity but under Metro's detention services division.


text: The Las Vegas Metro Police Department has more than 5,800 members. Of these, over 2,900 are police officers of various ranks and over 750 are corrections officers of various ranks.


text: Since the late 1960s, more than 100 LVMPD officers and civilian employees have been implicated in documented instances of police misconduct and/or actual criminal activity, with numerous incidents resulting in lawsuit settlements in excess of a million dollars apiece. A later excessive force case was tried in "Davis v. City of Las Vegas". According to the "New Yorker", the LVMPD had "a long-standing reputation as one of the most violent in the country" before it implemented reforms, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Justice, in the 2010s.


text: LVMPD operated on a digital radio system (DesertSky), which was turned on in 2011. As of February 2018, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department encrypted their radio frequencies; blocking the public from using police scanners. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department stated that the decision to encrypt their radio channels was made back in 2015 due to officer safety concerns. However, since the switch was made fairly soon after the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting, some speculate that the change was inspired after the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department's radio traffic of the event was recorded and released to the media.


text: Las Vegas Metro uses many vehicles from brands including Ford, Hyundai, Nissan, Jeep, Buick, and Chevrolet as marked or unmarked vehicles. However, after the retirement of the Ford Crown Victoria in 2011, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police went through a short session of testing vehicles. As a result, the Ford Explorer took the place of the Crown Victoria, the main patrol vehicle.


text: Construction was completed on LVMPD's 370,500-square-foot headquarters, located at 400 S. Martin L. King Boulevard, in mid 2011. The building consolidated 27 bureaus, which were previously located in leased buildings around Las Vegas. It also houses the Southern Nevada Counter Terrorism Center, Police Records, and a Fingerprint Bureau annex.


text: The department is funded by both the City of Las Vegas and Clark County. Funding is based on a complex formula that includes population, calls for service, and felony crimes in the prior year. Both governments must approve the annual budget including their percentage of budget. Additionally the department itself generates approximately 33% of its funds through property tax, and the charging for certain services, such as special events, work cards, and privileged license investigations. Additional funding is generated from a special sales tax to fund commissioned positions. By state law, the sheriff is charged with running the county jail, known as the Clark County Detention Center or CCDC, which is funded solely by the government and tax base of Clark County.


text: There are two commissioned career tracks in the LVMPD. They have identical civil service rank structures and pay, but different day-to-day tasks and responsibilities.


text: When Metro was formed in 1921, the Las Vegas Valley was served by only three area commands: North, South and West.


text: Other major coverage details: Traffic Bureau (all sectors), Airport Division (Sector Q), and nine different rural areas outside the Las Vegas Valley.


text: This department provides law enforcement services for all of Clark County, including the City of Las Vegas, yielding primary jurisdiction to the following agencies:


text: The LVMPD is led by the sheriff; second in command is the undersheriff, who is assisted by four assistant sheriffs. The Office of Intergovernmental Services, the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Public Information, the Office of Finance, The Police Employee Assistance Program (PEAP), and the Office of the Sheriff Executive Staff report to the undersheriff.


text: Four of the six elected Clark County sheriffs since the LVMPD was consolidated in 1973 are former members of either the Clark County Sheriff's Office (CCSO) or Las Vegas Police Department (LVPD). Former Sheriffs Young and Gillespie are retired members of the LVMPD (that is they were commissioned solely as members of the LVMPD). Sheriff Gillespie rose to, and retired at, the appointed rank of undersheriff prior to assuming public office as the duly elected Sheriff of Clark County.


text: The department operates the Clark County Detention Center. It is used to house inmates arrested in their patrol area, with the exception of misdemeanors committed in the City of Las Vegas, which maintains its own jail. It also holds persons who are wanted for extradition to another jurisdiction, persons who are awaiting a bail hearing or trial, or those persons serving a sentence of 364 days or less. The CCDC has been the subject of controversy surrounding the treatment of inmates by officers. The facility has been criticized for its violations of human rights, with a major focus on verbal and sexual abuse to inmates as well as the use of controversial spit mask restraint for resistive detainees during the booking process. There have been several instances of pre-trial detention lasting for years at a time.


text: Firearms training takes place at the LVMPD's John T. Moran Firearms Training Facility, located near Nellis Air Force Base, and named for the department's second sheriff. The facility is used by numerous local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. At the facility, recruits receive several weeks of firearms training during the academy. Commissioned police officers must attend firearms re-qualification four times a year. This re-qualification is for all firearms. The qualifications include known-distance targets and tactical courses of fire in both regular and low-light.


text: Officers can choose their sidearm from a list of semi-automatic pistols manufactured by Beretta, Colt, Glock, Heckler & Koch, Kimber, Para-Ordnance/Para USA, Ruger, SIG Sauer, Smith & Wesson, CZ P Series, Springfield Armory, Steyr Mannlicher, Unertl, Walther, Wilson Combat, STI Staccato P. The preferred calibers are 9×19mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP. As of 2016, new academy recruits must qualify with an approved 9mm pistol.


text: Officers are also allowed to customize their sidearms with such as slide serrations, compensators, flared mag wells, etc. Officers can also install Red Dot Sights on their service pistols but only after they completed their FTEP Phase.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Raymond Thomas Odierno (8 September 1954 – 8 October 2021) was an American military officer who served as a four-star general of the United States Army and as the 38th chief of staff of the Army. Prior to his service as chief of staff, Odierno commanded United States Joint Forces Command from October 2010 until its disestablishment in August 2011. He served as Commanding General, United States Forces – Iraq and its predecessor, Multi-National Force – Iraq, from September 2008 through September 2010.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Raymond Thomas Odierno, of Italian descent, was born on 8 September 1954 in Dover, New Jersey, the son of Helen and Raymond J. Odierno. He grew up in Rockaway, New Jersey, and attended Morris Hills High School, graduating in 1972, followed by the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated in June 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He later received a Master of Science degree in nuclear effects engineering from North Carolina State University and a Master of Arts degree in national security and strategy from the Naval War College.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Odierno was commissioned as an officer upon his graduation from West Point in 1976. Over his career, he was stationed in Germany, Saudi Arabia, the Balkans, and the US.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Odierno served three tours in Iraq between 2003 and 2010. He commanded the 4th Infantry Division during the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, with headquarters at Tikrit. According to Thomas E. Ricks, the Division employed aggressive tactics under his leadership; according to a 2008 profile of Odierno in "The Guardian", the Division followed an "iron-fist strategy" under his command. Odierno replaced Peter W. Chiarelli as commander of Multi-National Corps – Iraq in 2006. As commander, Odierno promoted the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 as an alternative to the then-prevailing military strategy. His tactics as commander were less "confrontational" than those he had employed as commander of the 4th Infantry Division. Odierno oversaw the surge from December 2006 to March 2008. In September 2008, Odierno took over from David Petraeus as commander of US forces in Iraq. According to then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Odierno's experience as commander during the surge suited him to succeed Petraeus. Later that year, Odierno announced a "subtle shift" in US military operations in Iraq, whereby the United States would seek the approval of Iraq's government before engaging in combat.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: On 30 May 2011, Odierno was nominated to be Army Chief of Staff. He was confirmed to take over from General Martin E. Dempsey on 7 September 2011, and sworn in as 38th Army chief of staff later that day. In 2014, Odierno submitted a budget request for 520,000 active-duty soldiers, and said that the bare minimum was 450,000, which would, however, be at a "high risk to meet one major war". As chief of staff, Odierno said in a 2015 interview with "The Daily Telegraph" that he was "very concerned" about a decline in the United Kingdom's military spending. In August 2015, Odierno retired from the Army after 39 years of service.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: In January 2017, Odierno was named chairman of USA Football, a national organization that promotes youth football. He was named chairman and alternate governor of the National Hockey League's Florida Panthers on 12 October 2017. In January 2019, he was selected to serve a three-year term on the College Football Playoff selection committee. In July 2021, he was selected as a member of the board of trustees at North Carolina State University.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Odierno received the Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award in 2009. In 2012, Odierno received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Odierno and his wife had three children and four grandchildren. His son, retired U.S. Army Captain Anthony K. Odierno, is an Iraq War veteran who lost his left arm to a rocket-propelled grenade.


title: Raymond T. Odierno

text: Odierno died on 8 October 2021, from cancer at the age of 67. In January 2022, funeral services were held privately followed by interment at Arlington National Cemetery.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: A fixed-base operator (FBO) is an organization granted the right by an airport to operate at the airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, hangaring, tie-down and parking, aircraft rental, aircraft maintenance, flight instruction, and similar services. In common practice, an FBO is the primary provider of support services to general aviation operators at a public-use airport and is on land leased from the airport, or, in rare cases, adjacent property as a "through the fence operation". In many smaller airports serving general aviation in remote or modest communities, the town itself may provide fuel services and operate a basic FBO facility. Most FBOs doing business at airports of high to moderate traffic volume are non-governmental organizations, either privately or publicly held companies.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: Though the term "fixed-base operator" originated in the United States, the term has become more common in the international aviation industry as business and corporate aviation has grown. The term has not been officially defined as an international standard, but there have been recent uses of the term in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) publications such as "Implementing the Global Aviation Safety Roadmap".


title: Fixed-base operator

text: After the end of World War I in November 1918, civil aviation in the United States was primarily unregulated and was primarily made up of "barnstormers," transient pilots flying inexpensive military surplus aircraft from city to city and often landing in farm fields on the outskirts of a town because airports were scarce at that time. The traveling aviators offered airplane rides and aerobatic flight demonstrations, and they frequently collaborated as "flying circuses" by performed impromptu airshows for the townsfolk and charging whatever the local economic conditions would allow. As a result, mechanics and early flight instructors moved around with the aircraft and had no established business in any location.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: With passage of the Air Commerce Act of 1926 and its resulting requirements for the licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance requirements, and regulations in training standards, the transient nature of civil aviation was curtailed. The pilots and mechanics who made their living on the road began establishing permanent businesses, termed fixed-base operations, at the growing number of airports appearing throughout the United States as a way to distinguish permanent businesses from the transient businesses that had been common prior to 1926.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: Fixed-base operators support a wide range of aeronautical activities which may include one or more of the following:


title: Fixed-base operator

text: Though not required, fixed-base operators generally also provide at least basic auxiliary services to pilots, flight crew, and passengers such as restroom facilities, telecommunication services, and waiting areas. General aviation FBOs (commonly in the U.S.) sometimes provide "courtesy cars" that can be used for free or little cost by flight crews mostly for short trip from the airport and the surrounding city area. Larger and better equipped FBOs may additionally offer food vending and restaurant facilities, ground transportation arrangements by taxi/limousine, shuttle van, flight planning and weather information areas (computer- or telephone-based), rest lounges and showers, aviation supplies shop (selling navigation charts, manuals, or in-flight comfort items), access to in-flight catering, and accommodations reservations or concierge services for both crew and passengers through a customer service representative (CSR).


title: Fixed-base operator

text: At medium and large airports, FBOs are typically affiliated with one of the major aviation fuel suppliers and display the fuel supplier's sign prominently. At smaller airports, the FBO is often the airport operator or a flying club.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: Within the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates some activities that may comprise an FBO such as the authorization or repair stations, flight training, and air taxi/air carrier services, but there are no federal regulatory standards covering all FBOs. The FAA has defined an FBO as "a commercial entity providing aeronautical services such as fueling, maintenance, storage, ground and flight instruction, etc., to the public."


title: Fixed-base operator

text: The United States Department of Transportation, in cooperation with the FAA, has the duty of establishing minimum standards for commercial aeronautical activities and recommends implementation of these standards by the airport operator or agency, commonly referred to as the airport sponsor. The United States FBO Industry is represented nationally by the National Air Transportation Association or NATA, but is also partly represented by both the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) and the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA).


title: Fixed-base operator

text: The number of U.S. businesses meeting the minimum criteria as an FBO is 3,138 as of April 2009 according to a survey conducted by Aviation Resource Group International (ARGI). The number has decreased since the 2006 survey, which counted 3,346 FBOs.


title: Fixed-base operator

text: FBOs are taking some time to grow in the Asian continent, but they have appeared most notably in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Thailand and the Philippines. This is mainly due to the immaturity of the private and corporate aviation sector in Asia where there still exist very few of these aircraft when compared to the United States and Europe. However several companies do offer "FBO services" at airports throughout the region, making use of existing facilities, the main point being the provision of credit for overseas operators.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Sunny Anderson (born April 9, 1975) is a Food Network personality. She began hosting "How'd That Get On My Plate?" in July 2008. She also hosts the Food Network program "Cooking for Real" (beginning in April 2008), and served as co-host with Marc Istook of the Food Network program "Gotta Get It" (beginning in April 2007).


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Sunny Anderson was born in Lawton, Oklahoma, and grew up as an Army brat, which allowed her to travel the world (living in Germany and other places) and sample many local cuisines with her parents, who were food enthusiasts. She attended Madison High School in San Antonio, Texas, and upon her graduation, she joined the United States Air Force in June 1993, where she earned the rank of Senior Airman and worked as a military radio host in Seoul, South Korea. She then worked for Air Force News Agency radio and television in San Antonio from 1993 to 1997. Anderson was honorably discharged from the Air Force in June 1997. She went to school in New Orleans at Loyola University. At age 19, Anderson was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. in 2014, she teamed up with the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America to raise awareness of this disease.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Between 1995 and 2001, Anderson worked as a radio personality at KCJZ and KONO-FM in San Antonio, WYLD-FM and KUMX in Fort Polk, Louisiana, WJWZ in Montgomery, Alabama, and WDTJ in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Anderson settled in New York City in 2001 at the age of 26, and worked as a radio personality for HOT 97 (WQHT) in New York City from 2001 to 2003. From 2003 to 2005, she was the owner of Sunny's Delicious Dishes, a catering company based in Jersey City, New Jersey.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: She first appeared on the Food Network in October 2005 (as a guest on the "Emeril Live" program) and began hosting "How'd That Get On My Plate?" in July 2008. She also hosts the Food Network program "Cooking for Real" (beginning in April 2008), and served as co-host with Marc Istook of the Food Network program "Gotta Get It", beginning in April 2007.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: In January 2014, Anderson became a co-host on the Food Network's series "The Kitchen" along with Jeff Mauro, Katie Lee, Marcela Valladolid, and Geoffrey Zakarian.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Anderson was a contender for the 44th Daytime Emmy Awards for the Outstanding Talk Show/Informative award with the cast of "The Kitchen," but lost.


title: Sunny Anderson

text: Anderson has been a guest chef on several talk shows and morning news programs including The Rachael Ray Show, "Good Morning America" , "The Early Show", "The View", "The Talk", as well as "The Wendy Williams Show."


title: Kickboxer (film series)

text: Kickboxer is an American action film franchise that totals seven films. The first installment revolves around a character named Kurt Sloane, played by Jean-Claude Van Damme. Due to opting out of "Kickboxer 2" to do the film "Double Impact", the second through fourth installments revolve around the character David Sloane (played by Sasha Mitchell in all three entries), little brother to Van Damme's character from the original. "Redemption: Kickboxer 5" (simply titled "The Redemption" in the opening title card) focuses on Matt Reeves (played by Mark Dacascos), a friend of the Sloan family. After a long hiatus a sixth entry was eventually made as "Kickboxer: Vengeance" which also serves as a reboot to the storyline with Alain Moussi playing Kurt Sloane and original actor Jean-Claude Van Damme playing the trainer. The seventh entry titled "Kickboxer: Retaliation" serves as a direct sequel to the characters and story in "Kickboxer: Vengeance".


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: The Horses of Saint Mark (), also known as the Triumphal Quadriga or Horses of the Hippodrome of Constantinople, is a set of bronze statues of four horses, originally part of a monument depicting a quadriga (a four-horse carriage used for chariot racing). The horses were placed on the facade, on the loggia above the porch, of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, northern Italy after the sack and looting of Constantinople in 1204. They remained there until looted by Napoleon in 1797 but were returned in 1815. The sculptures have been removed from the facade and placed in the interior of St Mark's for conservation purposes, with replicas in their position on the loggia.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: The sculptures date from classical antiquity. A date in the 2nd or 3rd century AD is considered likely; the famous Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius in Rome (c. 175 AD) provides a point of comparison. However, some scholars do claim the naturalistic rendering of the animals and technical expertise in execution point to a Classical Greek origin. They were probably created to top a triumphal arch or some other grand building, perhaps commissioned by the Emperor Septimus Severus. They may originally have been made for the Eastern capital of Constantinople, and certainly reached there later.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: Although called bronze, analysis suggests that, as they are at least 96.67% copper, they should be seen as an impure copper rather than bronze. The relatively low tin content increased the casting temperature to 1200–1300 °C. The high purity copper was chosen to give a more satisfactory mercury gilding.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: It is certain that the horses, along with the quadriga with which they were depicted, were long displayed at the Hippodrome of Constantinople; they may be the "four gilt horses that stand above the Hippodrome" that "came from the island of Chios under Theodosius II" mentioned in the 8th- or early 9th-century "Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai". They were still there in 1204, when they were looted by Venetian forces as part of the sack of the capital of the Byzantine Empire in the Fourth Crusade. The collars on the four horses were added in 1204 to obscure where the animals' heads had been severed to allow them to be transported from Constantinople to Venice. Shortly after the Fourth Crusade, Doge Enrico Dandolo sent the horses to Venice, where they were installed on the terrace of the façade of St Mark's Basilica in 1254. Petrarch admired them there.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: In 1797, Napoleon had the horses forcibly removed from the basilica and carried off to Paris, where they were used in the design of the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel together with a quadriga.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: In 1815, following the final defeat of Napoleon, the horses were returned to Venice by Captain Dumaresq. He had fought at the Battle of Waterloo and was with the Coalition forces in Paris where he was selected, by the Emperor of Austria, to take the horses down from the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and return them to St Mark's in Venice. For the skillful manner in which he performed this work, the Emperor gave him a gold snuff box with his initials in diamonds on the lid.


title: Horses of Saint Mark

text: The horses remained in place over St Mark's until the early 1980s, when ongoing damage from air pollution forced their replacement with exact copies. Since then, the originals have been on display just inside the basilica.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Marvin Ivan "Buck" Barrow (March 14, 1903 – July 29, 1933) was a member of the Barrow Gang. He was the older brother of the gang's leader, Clyde Barrow. He and his wife, Blanche, were wounded in a gun battle with police four months after they joined up with Bonnie and Clyde. Buck died of his injuries soon afterward.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Marvin Ivan "Buck" Barrow was born in Jones Prairie, Marion County, Texas, the third child of Henry and Cumie Barrow. An aunt, watching the little boy "running around acting like a horse," gave him the nickname Buck. He ceased attending school around age 8 or 9 and enjoyed fishing and hunting instead.


title: Buck Barrow

text: In the early 1920s the older Barrow children left the family farm one by one, to marry and start careers in Dallas. At 18 or 19 Buck too went to Dallas, ostensibly to work for his brother repairing cars, but he quickly became part of the West Dallas petty-criminal underworld. His sister Marie, barely school age when she and her parents moved to the West Dallas campground, remembered watching him put spurs on roosters for cockfighting, and his pitbull, which tore off the back of her dress. He married twice and divorced twice during this time, and had three children by those marriages. Just before Christmas 1926 Buck, 23, and Clyde, 17, were arrested with a truck full of stolen turkeys they intended to sell for the holidays. Buck took the rap for himself and his brother and went to jail for a week, but the turkey adventure was an ironic joke, as by now Buck was making ends meet by stealing automobiles in cities all over Texas and selling them for a comfortable $100 or so to fences out of state.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On November 11, 1929, Barrow met Blanche Caldwell in an unincorporated part of Dallas County called West Dallas. They fell in love almost immediately.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On November 29, 1929, several days after meeting Blanche, Barrow was shot and captured following a burglary in Denton, Texas. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to four years in the Texas State Prison System. On March 8, 1930, however, Barrow escaped from the Ferguson Prison Farm near Midway, Texas. He simply walked out of the prison, stole a guard's car, and drove to his parents' place in West Dallas where Blanche was living.


title: Buck Barrow

text: In interviews with author/historian John Neal Phillips, Blanche was frank about the fact that she not only knew of Buck's escape but that she hid with him and actually staged robberies with him. The notion that Blanche did not know until later that Buck was an escaped convict was fabricated by the Barrow family and Blanche herself as a means of convincing Missouri State authorities to reduce her prison sentence following her capture in July 1933.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On July 3, 1931, Blanche and Buck were married in Oklahoma. Blanche was not interested in pursuing a criminal career. She and other members of the Barrow family convinced Buck to turn himself into Texas prison authorities and complete his sentence. Two days after Christmas 1931 his mother and his wife drove him to the gate of Huntsville penitentiary, where he told surprised prison officials that he had escaped almost two years before and needed to resume his sentence. They welcomed him in.


title: Buck Barrow

text: During his two years at Huntsville Buck sent repentant letters home, written for him by fellow prisoners. Before he had served two years of his six-year sentence he was abruptly pardoned, partly as part of Texas governor Ma Ferguson's plan to decrease prison crowding and partly due to the lobbying efforts of his wife and his mother.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Upon his release, on March 22, 1933, Buck Barrow, in the company of Blanche, joined his younger brother Clyde, Bonnie Parker, and W. D. Jones in Joplin, Missouri where he participated in several armed robberies.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On April 13, 1933, Buck, Clyde, and W. D. Jones participated in a shootout with law enforcement officers at Joplin, Missouri. Two officers, Newton County Constable Wes Harryman and Joplin City Motor Detective Harry McGinnis were killed.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On June 23, 1933, Buck and W. D. Jones killed Alma, Arkansas City Marshal Henry D. Humphrey during a gunfight on the road between Alma and Fayetteville. Clyde Barrow was not involved in the Humphrey killing.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On July 19, 1933, Buck was mortally wounded in the head by Capt. William Baxter of the Missouri Highway Patrol during a shootout at the Red Crown Tourist Court at Platte City, Missouri. The bullet opened up a large hole in Buck's forehead that exposed his brain and caused severe loss of blood. Blanche was also wounded in the same gunfight. She and her husband escaped, however, along with Bonnie, Clyde, and W. D. Jones. Despite his ghastly head wound and loss of blood, Buck was sometimes fully conscious and talked and ate.


title: Buck Barrow

text: On July 24, Buck, near death, was wounded six times in the back during a shootout near an abandoned amusement park between Redfield and Dexter, Iowa. Bonnie, Clyde, and W. D. Jones, all wounded in the same gunfight, escaped. Buck and Blanche, though, were captured.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Blanche survived her wounds, although losing sight in one eye. Extradited to Missouri, she was tried for the attempted murder of Sheriff Holt Coffey at Platte City. She was convicted and sentenced to ten years in prison.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Buck was taken to King's Daughters Hospital in Perry, Iowa. His doctors commented in their report on how clean Buck's head wound was, given the circumstances. Bonnie and Clyde had poured hydrogen peroxide into the head wound, cleaning it. On arrival Buck was generally lucid and told doctors that aspirin helped the pain in his head and the only real pain he felt was from his other gunshot wounds, particularly the one in his back. That bullet, doctors discovered, had entered his back, ricocheted off a rib, and lodged in his chest wall close to the pleural cavity. Because he was in such a weakened state—his limbs had grown paralyzed from another bullet wound and his temperature would not lower from 105—his doctors expected he would develop pneumonia from the surgery on his chest. They predicted either that or infection of his brain from the head wound would kill him in a few days.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Lawmen visited him in the hospital to get his final statements. Though doctors kept him numb with opiates, they also injected him with stimulants at least twice, so that he might answer questions. "Due to the lack of medical attention," an interrogator noted, "the wound in Barrow's head gave off such an offensive odor that it was with the utmost difficulty that one could remain within several feet of him." He agreed with Deputy Red Salyers that he had shot and killed Marshal Humphrey in Arkansas. He was able to chat with the doctor, who asked him, "Where are you wanted by the law?" "Wherever I've been," replied Buck.


title: Buck Barrow

text: When word of Buck's dire condition reached Texas, Dallas County Sheriff R.A." Smoot" Schmid wrote a letter of introduction to the local authorities for Buck and Clyde's mother Cumie, and a deputy sheriff provided money to help cover her expenses in the 36-hour drive to Iowa. She and her youngest son LC arrived for Buck's last conscious days. As his pneumonia became more serious, he became delirious and finally slipped into a coma, from which he did not wake. He died at 2pm on Saturday, July 29, 1933.


title: Buck Barrow

text: Henry and Cumie Barrow delayed buying a gravestone for Buck. They were sure Clyde would follow him into death any day, and whether for practical or loving reasons or a mix of both, decided to wait for Clyde. Clyde liked the idea and suggested the epitaph to go over himself and his brother: "Gone But Not Forgotten."


title: Buck Barrow

text: On Buck and Clyde's shared gravestone, Buck's year of birth is incorrect. His mother gave the stonecutters their sister Nell's birth year for him. However, she had recorded the birth dates of all her children in the family Bible; there, Buck's birth date is 1903.


title: Barrio

text: Barrio () is a Spanish word that means "quarter" or "neighborhood". In the modern Spanish language, it is generally defined as each area of a city, usually delimited by functional (e.g. residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), social, architectural or morphological features. In Spain, several Latin American countries and the Philippines, the term may also be used to officially denote a division of a municipality. "Barrio" is an arabism (Classical Arabic "barrī": "wild" via Andalusian Arabic "bárri": "exterior").


title: Barrio

text: In Argentina and Uruguay, a "barrio" is a division of a municipality officially delineated by the local authority at a later time, and it sometimes keeps a distinct character from other areas (as in the barrios of Buenos Aires even if they have been superseded by larger administrative divisions). The word does not have a special socioeconomic connotation unless it is used in contrast to the "centro" (city center or downtown). The expression "barrio cerrado" (translated "closed neighborhood") is used to describe small upper-class residential settlements planned with an exclusive criterion and often physically enclosed in walls, that is, a kind of gated community.


title: Barrio

text: In Colombia, the term is used to describe any urban area neighborhood whose geographical limits are determined locally. The term can be used to refer to all classes within society. The term "barrio de invasión" or "comuna" is more often used to refer to shanty towns, but the term "barrio" has a more general use.


title: Barrio

text: In Cuba, El Salvador and Spain, the term "barrio" is used officially to denote a subdivision of a "municipio" (or municipality); each "barrio" is subdivided into sectors ("sectores").


title: Barrio

text: In the Philippines, the term "barrio" may refer to a rural village but it may also denote a self-governing community subdivision within a rural or urban area anywhere in the country. A 1975 law replaced the word barrio with "barangay", the basic administrative unit of government and possessing an average population of 2,500 people. "Barrio", however, is still widely used interchangeably with "barangay". Both may refer to rural settlements or urban municipal districts (the latter formerly known as "visitas"). It is alternatively spelled as "baryo", though the preferred spelling is the Spanish one (barrio).


title: Barrio

text: In the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, the term "barrio" is an official government designation used to denote a subdivision of a "municipio" and denotes the government's lowest level and geographically smallest officially recognized administrative unit. A barrio in Puerto Rico is not vested with political authority. It may, or may not, be further subdivided into sectors, communities, "urbanizaciones", or a combination of these, but such further subdivisions, though popular and common, are unofficial


title: Barrio

text: In the mainland United States, the term "barrio" is used to refer to inner-city areas overwhelmingly inhabited by first-generation Spanish-speaking immigrant families who have not been assimilated into the mainstream American culture. Some examples of this include Spanish Harlem in New York City, East LA in Los Angeles; and Segundo Barrio in Houston. Some of these neighborhoods are simply referred to as just "El Barrio" by the locals, as opposed to using their actual names (Spanish Harlem, East LA, Segundo Barrio, etc).


title: Barrio

text: In Venezuela and the Dominican Republic the term is commonly used to describe slums in the outer rims of big cities such as Caracas and Santo Domingo as well as lower- and middle-class neighborhoods in other cities and towns.


title: Barrio

text: Over the centuries, selectness in the Spanish Empire evolved as a mosaic of the various "barrios", surrounding the central administrative areas. As they matured, the "barrios" functionally and symbolically reproduced the city and in some way tended to replicate it. The "barrio" reproduced the city through providing occupational, social, physical and spiritual space. With the emergence of an enlarged merchant class, some "barrios" were able to support a wide range of economic levels. This led to new patterns of social class distribution throughout the city. Those who could afford to locate in and around the central plazas relocate. The poor and marginal groups still occupied the spaces at the city's edge.


title: Barrio

text: The desire on the part of the sector popular to replicate a "barrio" was expressed through the diversity of the populace and functions and the tendency to form social hierarchies and to maintain social control. The limits to replication were mainly social. Any particular "barrio" could not easily expand its borders into other "barrios", nor could it easily export its particular social identity to others. Different "barrios" provided different products and services to the city, e.g. one might make shoes, while another made cheese. Integration of daily life could also be seen in the religious sector, where a parish and a "convento" might serve one or more neighborhoods.


title: Barrio

text: The mosaic formed by the "barrios" and the colonial center continued until the period of independence in Mexico and Latin America. The general urban pattern was one where the old central plaza was surrounded by an intermediate ring of "barrios" and emerging suburban areas linking the city to the hinterland. The general governance of the city was in the hands of a mayor and city councilors. Public posts were purchased and funds given to the local government and the royal bureaucracy. Fairness and equity were not high on the list of public interests. Lands located on the periphery were given to individuals by local authorities, even if this land was designated for collective uses, such as farming or grazing. This practice of peripheral land expansion laid the groundwork for later suburbanization by immigrants from outside the region and by real estate agents.


title: Barrio

text: At the edge of Hispanic American colonial cities there were places where work, trade, social interaction and symbolic spiritual life occurred. These barrios were created to meet the space needs of local craftsman and the shelter needs of the working class. At times they were designed to meet municipal norms, but they usually responded to functional requirements of the users. Barrios were built over centuries of sociocultural interaction within urban space. In Mexico and in other Latin American countries with strong heritages of colonial centers, the concept of barrio no longer contains the social, cultural and functional attributes of the past. The few surviving barrios do so with a loss of traditional meaning. For most of them the word has become a descriptive category or a generic definition.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, with the molecular formula <chem>


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: C7H14O2</chem>.It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. Isoamyl acetate has a strong odor which is described as similar to both banana and pear. Pure isoamyl acetate, or mixtures of isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, and other flavors may be referred to as banana oil.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: Isoamyl acetate is prepared by the acid catalyzed reaction (Fischer esterification) between isoamyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid as shown in the reaction equation below. Typically, sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst. Alternatively, "p"-toluenesulfonic acid or an acidic ion exchange resin can be used as the catalyst.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: Isoamyl acetate is used to confer banana or pear flavor in foods. "Banana oil" commonly refers to a solution of isoamyl acetate in ethanol that is used as an artificial flavor.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: It is also used as a solvent for some varnishes and nitrocellulose lacquers. As a solvent and carrier for materials such as nitrocellulose, it was extensively used in the aircraft industry for stiffening and wind-proofing fabric flying surfaces, where it and its derivatives were generally known as 'aircraft dope'. Now that most aircraft wings are made of metal, such use is mostly limited to historically accurate reproductions and scale models.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: Because of its intense, pleasant odor and its low toxicity, isoamyl acetate is used to test the effectiveness of respirators or gas masks.


title: Isoamyl acetate

text: Isoamyl acetate is released by a honey bee's sting apparatus where it serves as a pheromone beacon to attract other bees and provoke them to sting.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: Arnaud Kalimuendo-Muinga (born 20 January 2002), known as Arnaud Kalimuendo, is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Rennes.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: Born in Suresnes, Kalimuendo joined Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) from FC Saint Cloud in July 2012. There he debuted with the under-19 squad in the UEFA Youth League, aged only 16, under the direction of Thiago Motta, becoming one of the leaders of the youth sides. Kalimuendo signed his first professional contract with the club on 8 July 2019, a deal that was set to expire on 30 June 2022. On 10 September 2020, Kalimuendo made his official debut for Paris Saint-Germain in a 1–0 loss against Lens.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: On 5 October 2020, Kalimuendo signed a contract extension with Paris Saint-Germain until June 2024, and joined Lens on a season-long loan deal. He made his debut in a 4–0 loss to rivals Lille on 18 October, and scored his first goal in a 1–0 win against Dijon on 22 November. His third goal for Lens came on 5 December in a 2–0 victory against Rennes. By scoring his third goal for the club, he became the first Lens player in 70 years to score in his first three games as a starter in Ligue 1.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: On 10 June 2021, it was made official by Lens that Kalimuendo would return to PSG following the end of his loan deal. His first appearance back at Paris Saint-Germain came in a 1–0 loss to Lille in the Trophée des Champions on 1 August 2021. However, on transfer deadline day on 31 August, Kalimuendo returned to Lens on loan for the remainder of the season. On 1 October, he scored his first two goals of the season in a 2–0 win over Reims. It was the first brace of his career. Across his two loan spells at Lens, Kalimuendo scored 21 goals in 65 matches for the club.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: Kalimuendo represents France at international level. He finished third with the U17 side at the FIFA U-17 World Cup in Brazil in 2019, scoring a hat-trick in the third-place play-off to beat the Netherlands by a score of 3–1.


title: Arnaud Kalimuendo

text: On 24 May 2021, Kalimuendo was called up for the Under-21 Euros by coach Sylvain Ripoll after Randal Kolo Muani was removed from the squad due to playing the Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs with Nantes.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Mario Kart 7 is a kart racing video game developed by Nintendo EAD in cooperation with Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS in 2011.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: As with the previous games in the "Mario Kart" series, players participate in racing on various "Mario"-themed tracks, playing as one of seventeen different "Mario" characters. While racing, the players make use of power-up items that either assist their character or hinder opposing characters. New additions to the game include hang-gliding attachments for karts, the ability to drive underwater, the ability to drive in first person, and the ability to fully customize the vehicles' builds.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The game supports both local and online multiplayer for up to eight players. It was released to positive reviews with praise for the new additions, tracks and gameplay although the limited single player modes (such as the removal of the customizable "Versus mode"), item balancing and difficulty curve received criticism. "Mario Kart 7" was the second 3DS game to sell over five million units, following "Super Mario 3D Land".


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The game was digitally released on the Nintendo eShop in 2012. "Mario Kart 7" is the 3DS's best-selling game, with 18.97 million copies sold worldwide .


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" carries on traditional "Mario Kart" gameplay in which players race against each other in go-karts across a variety of themed tracks. Most tracks are based on various locations in the "Mario" series, but two tracks are set on Wuhu Island, which was featured in non-"Mario" video games "Wii Fit", "Wii Fit Plus", and "Wii Sports Resort".


title: Mario Kart 7

text: While driving, the players may use power-up items, obtained from running into item boxes located at specific points on the track, that are used to hinder the progression of opponents or to help the player in the race. Some of these power-ups include the series staple items Koopa Shells, Banana Peels, and Super Mushrooms. The POW Block, Mega Mushroom, and Thunder Cloud from "Mario Kart Wii" are absent from the game, as well as the Fake Item Box from previous installments.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" also features three items new to the "Mario Kart" series (the last two of which do not return in "Mario Kart 8"). These items are the Fire Flower, which allows the player to shoot up to ten fireballs, the Super Leaf, which gives the player a tail that allows them to flip over nearby players, collect nearby Coins, and deflect items, and the Lucky Seven, which bestows seven items at once.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Coins, originally introduced in "Super Mario Kart" (1992), are scattered about the tracks; collecting them increases the kart's top speed. Up to ten coins can be collected in each race, but some will be lost if the player comes into contact with hazards or goes out of bounds.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Jump actions, which were introduced in "Mario Kart Wii" as tricks, lets players obtain a brief burst of speed when driving off ramps.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In addition to traditional controls, "Mario Kart 7" can be played using the Nintendo 3DS gyroscope, in which the action is viewed in first person and the player steers the kart simply by tilting the entire game system.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Players are able to customize their vehicles, choosing from various vehicle bodies which range in weight and engine power, a selection of tires which affect a kart's handling on certain surfaces , and a choice of a new feature, retractable hang-gliders, which allow players to glide through the air, replacing cannons from previous games.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Hang gliding may allow players to skip over parts of the track or locate new routes and shortcuts that are otherwise inaccessible.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: There are seventeen kart frames, ten wheels, and seven gliders, which makes a total of 1,190 possible kart combinations for the players to use during the game.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In the previous installments, driving the kart into a body of water has been considered going out of bounds and would penalize the player by delaying them or being picked up by Lakitu. In "Mario Kart 7", however, the karts are fully submersible thus adding fully under water track segments. While underwater, an unfolded propeller motor appears out of the vehicle.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: A distinction from "Mario Kart DS", the preceding portable game in the series, is that the bottom (touch) screen no longer displays obstacles and moving items and objects other than players.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: These include breakable boxes (both wooden and item boxes), bare items (bananas, Koopa Shells (including their colour), bombs, boost mushrooms, invincibility stars), Bullet Bills (as seen in the "Airship Fortress" stage and the item), snowballs (as seen in the "DK Pass" stage) and moving non-player vehicles and busses (as seen in "Shroom Ridge" and the " Mushroom Bridge" retro stage).


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart DS" displayed these obstacles on the bottom screen when in the default map viewing mode that shows the area of the map surrounding the player and the vehicle's orientation, unlike in the alternative (full course map) view.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The course introduction, a panoramic view of the course displayed before each "Grand Prix" race, only occupies the top screen, while it occupied the bottom screen as well on "Mario Kart DS", where "Mario Kart 7" shows course details (name of track, selected cup and difficulty level (as indicated in engine displacement cubic centimetres) above the surrounding map as viewed on starting position.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The game features sixteen playable "Mario" characters, including Wiggler, Honey Queen, Lakitu, and Metal Mario, who are new to the series, as well as Mii characters saved in the Nintendo 3DS Mii Maker, bringing the total to seventeen.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Like in the previous installments, characters are divided into three different weight classes, which impact their driving styles.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" features four single-player game modes: Grand Prix, Time Trial, Balloon Battle, and Coin Runners. Some modes feature multiplayer options.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In Grand Prix, the player races against seven computer-controlled opponents in one of eight different cups, each featuring four tracks.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The player receives points based on their finishing position in each race ranging from one to ten. After all four races, there will be an award ceremony and the player receives a trophy depending on the final standings; bronze for third place, silver for second place and gold for the winner.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Along with the trophy, players will also receive a star rank for their performance ranging from one to three stars.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: A distinction from "Mario Kart DS" and "Wii" is the removed race timer and the lap timer review in the results seen after finishing a race, as those are not fundamental like ranks to the "Grand Prix" game mode, in which the order of players reaching the goal matters.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In Time Trial, the player races alone to finish the course in the fastest time possible using a Triple Mushroom that can be used at any time during the run. The best time for each track is saved as a ghost, which the player can compete against in later trials.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: If the player has SpotPass enabled on their Nintendo 3DS, they will be able to download ghosts from other players and can race against up to seven other ghosts simultaneously.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In the Balloon Battle and Coin Runners battle games, the players drive around one of six arenas (three for this game and three from the previous installments) to collect items and attack their opponents to score points within the time limit of two minutes. The player can play online via Nintendo Network, participating in races or battles with up to seven other players. Game data can also be exchanged with other Nintendo 3DS consoles via StreetPass.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: While playing through wireless communication and/or online communication, certain courses (i.e. Toad Circuit, DS Airship Fortress, etc.) are different from the single-player versions.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" offers 32 different tracks, which consist of 16 new (Nitro) tracks and 16 "classic" (Retro) tracks, remakes of tracks featured in the previous six installments.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The tracks are split into eight cups, with four tracks in each cup. The cups are the Mushroom, Flower, Star, Special, Shell, Banana, Leaf, and Lightning Cups. The Shell, Banana, Leaf, and Lightning Cups form the "Retro Grand Prix" and contain classic tracks, while the Mushroom, Flower, Star and Special Cups comprise the "Nitro Grand Prix", which contain the completely new courses.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: As usual in the "Mario Kart" series, tracks are based thematically on locations in the "Mario" universe, with the notable exception of the new courses Wuhu Island and Maka Wuhu, both based on "Wii Sports Resort".


title: Mario Kart 7

text: In addition, there are six arena courses available for Battle mode, which includes three original courses and three retro courses. Each race consists of three laps around each track, with the exception of three tracks (Wuhu Loop, Maka Wuhu, and Rainbow Road) which consist of only a single lap divided into three sections.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Nintendo EAD began development on "Mario Kart 7" in early 2010. The idea to have hang gliding and submersible karts came during the development of the previous "Mario Kart" game, "Mario Kart Wii", and was one of the first gameplay mechanics implemented. The ability to customize the player's kart was added in order to make gameplay more strategic and to boost the multiplayer experience. The game was first publicly announced at E3 2010 under the tentative title "Mario Kart 3DS" and then shown again at E3 2011, where it was announced for a late 2011 release.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Because "Nintendogs + Cats" was scheduled to be released first, "Mario Kart 7" was given lower priority and only eight staff members were assigned to begin work on it. When it was time to focus on the game, producer Hideki Konno realized that there was not enough staff available due to many other titles being developed at the same time, including "" which had its production extended into 2011. In order to finish the game in time for the 2011 Christmas season, Nintendo consulted with Retro Studios, which had just finished making "Donkey Kong Country Returns", to co-develop the game. Retro started work on "Mario Kart 7" in December 2010. The team focused on producing the classic racing courses, remakes of courses from the earlier "Mario Kart" titles, in order to learn both "lessons about the development process [for "Mario Kart" games]" and "about what makes a good course from a design perspective."


title: Mario Kart 7

text: The game's soundtrack was composed by both Kenta Nagata, who worked on the previous "Mario Kart" titles "Mario Kart 64" and "", and "Star Fox 64 3D" composer Satomi Terui.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Shortly after the release of "Mario Kart 7", it was discovered that three of its available race tracks (Wuhu Loop/Wuhu Island Loop, Maka Wuhu/Wuhu Mountain Loop, and GBA Bowser Castle 1) had contained glitches that allowed players to skip over a significant portion of the track, often exploited as a cheat during online play. Although Nintendo initially reported in January 2012 that there were no plans to release a fix, a downloadable patch that removes the glitches during online play was released in the Nintendo eShop on 15 May. Players who do not download and install the patch will be unable to connect and play "Mario Kart 7" online. However, the patch does not affect single-player (Grand Prix, Time Trials, and StreetPass) and local wireless-multiplayer.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" has received generally favorable reviews. It holds an 85/100 rating on Metacritic based on 60 critic reviews and an 85.17% rating on GameRankings based on 45 reviews. IGN scored it a 9/10, praising "a handful of incredible innovations" and the game's multiplayer, particularly community features and customizable racing rules, but criticizing the small roster of only 17 characters, compared to that of "Mario Kart Wii"s 25 characters. "Computer and Video Games" gave the game a 9.4/10 and Eurogamer gave it an 8/10. Nintendo World Report gave the game an 8.5, stating that it is more of the same and the gliding mechanics feel underutilized.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: On the more negative side, Jim Sterling of Destructoid gave the game a 5/10, stating that "sticking to tradition has not worked in Nintendo's favor" and saying the new glider and underwater sections "exist to provide the illusion of variety rather than actually altering the core experience". Giant Bomb scored the game a 3/5, noting "your enjoyment of "Mario Kart 7" will likely hinge on your continued appreciation of <nowiki>[the series']</nowiki> formula".


title: Mario Kart 7

text: IGN awarded "Mario Kart 7" the IGN's Editors' Choice. "Mario Kart 7" was nominated for "Best 3DS Game" and "Best Driving Game" at GameTrailers' 2011 Game of the Year Awards, but lost both respectively to "Super Mario 3D Land" and "Forza Motorsport 4". Digital Spy awarded "Mario Kart 7" the "Best Game of 2011" for the Digital Spy readers' awards of 2011.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: Guinness World Records awarded "Mario Kart 7" as the best-selling racing game on a portable console in its Gamer's Edition in 2013.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: "Mario Kart 7" sold 3.48 million units in the U.S. as of August 2014. In Japan, the game has sold over 1.5 million units as of 25 January 2012. As of 31 March 2022, the game has sold 18.97 million units globally. The game has been nominated for "Favorite Video Game" twice in the Kids Choice Awards, but lost to "Just Dance 3" in the 2012 edition and "Just Dance 4" in the 2013 edition.


title: Mario Kart 7

text: CTGP-7 is a homebrew mod that can be used in a homebrew-enabled Nintendo 3DS. It allows players to play community-made custom tracks and custom characters, as well as game modes from previous installments of the "Mario Kart" series, such as Versus mode from "Mario Kart Wii" or Mission mode from "Mario Kart DS". Furthermore, it enables online play so that users can play the community-made content together.


title: Time Out (album)

text: Time Out is a studio album by the American jazz group the Dave Brubeck Quartet, released in 1959 on Columbia Records. Recorded at Columbia's 30th Street Studio in New York City, it is based upon the use of time signatures that were unusual for jazz such as , and . The album is a subtle blend of cool and West Coast jazz.


title: Time Out (album)

text: The album peaked at No. 2 on the "Billboard" pop albums chart, and was the first jazz album to sell a million copies. The single "Take Five" off the album was also the first jazz single to sell one million copies. By 1963, the record had sold 500,000 units, and in 2011 it was certified double platinum by the RIAA, signifying over two million records sold. The album was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2009.


title: Time Out (album)

text: The album was selected, in 2005, for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Time Out (album)

text: The album was intended as an experiment using musical styles Brubeck discovered abroad while on a United States Department of State sponsored tour of Eurasia, such as when he observed in Turkey a group of street musicians performing a traditional Turkish folk song that was played in time with subdivisions of , a rare meter for Western music.


title: Time Out (album)

text: On the condition that Brubeck's group first record a conventional album of traditional songs of the American South, "Gone with the Wind", Columbia president Goddard Lieberson took a chance to underwrite and release "Time Out." It received negative reviews by critics upon its release. It produced a Top 40 hit single in "Take Five", composed by Paul Desmond, and the one track not written by Dave Brubeck.


title: Time Out (album)

text: Although the theme of "Time Out" is non-common-time signatures, things are not quite so simple. "Blue Rondo à la Turk" starts in , with a typically Balkan subdivision into short and long beats (the rhythm of the Turkish "zeybek", equivalent of the Greek "zeibekiko") as opposed to the more typical way of subdividing as , but the saxophone and piano solos are in . The title is a play on Mozart's "Rondo alla Turca" from his Piano Sonata No. 11, and reflects the fact that the band heard the rhythm while traveling in Turkey.


title: Time Out (album)

text: "Strange Meadow Lark" begins with a piano solo that exhibits no clear time signature, but then settles into a fairly ordinary swing once the rest of the group joins. "Take Five" is in throughout. According to Desmond, "It was never supposed to be a hit. It was supposed to be a Joe Morello drum solo." "Three to Get Ready" begins in waltz-time, after which it begins to alternate between two measures of and two of . "Kathy's Waltz", named after Brubeck's daughter Cathy but misspelled, starts in , and only later switches to double-waltz time before merging the two. "Everybody's Jumpin'" is mainly in a very flexible , while "Pick Up Sticks" firms that up into a clear and steady .


title: Time Out (album)

text: In an article for "The Independent", Spencer Leigh speculated that "Kathy's Waltz" inspired the song "All My Loving", written by Paul McCartney, credited to Lennon/McCartney, and performed by the Beatles, as they share similar rhythmic endings to the last phrases of their melodies.


title: Time Out (album)

text: The Dave Brubeck Quartet followed up "Time Out" with three more similarly-named albums that also made use of uncommon time signatures: "Time Further Out" (1961), "Countdown—Time in Outer Space" (1962) and "Time Changes" (1964). Another album, "Time In" (1966), which featured the quartet but was credited only to Brubeck, echoed the title of "Time Out", although it made use of more conventional time signatures.


title: Time Out (album)

text: In 2005, "Time Out" was one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry. It was also listed that year in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". In 2009 the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.


title: Time Out (album)

text: In 2009 Legacy Recordings released a special three-disc 50th Anniversary Edition of "Time Out". This edition offers a much higher dynamic range than the 1997 remaster. In addition to the complete album, the Legacy Edition includes a bonus disc featuring previously unreleased concert recordings of the same Brubeck Quartet from the 1961, 1963, and 1964 gatherings of Newport Jazz Festival. The Legacy Edition's third disc is a DVD featuring a 30-minute interview with Brubeck in 2003, and an interactive "piano lesson" where the viewer can toggle through four different camera angles of Brubeck performing a solo version of "Three to Get Ready".


title: Time Out (album)

text: In 2020, the album "Time OutTakes" was released, which was overseen by Brubeck's children and released on their own record label, Brubeck Editions. The album features alternate takes of "Blue Rondo a la Turk", "Strange Meadowlark", "Take Five", "Three To Get Ready" and "Kathy's Waltz" (now billed as "Cathy's Waltz"), as well as two songs from the same sessions that had not been included on the album: a cover of "I'm In a Dancing Mood" (which Brubeck had previously covered, live and on the album "Dave Brubeck and Jay & Kai at Newport") and "Watusi Jam" (a take on Brubeck's composition "Watusi Drums"). The release was chosen as a Critics Pick by The New York Times.


title: Time Out (album)

text: "Time Out" peaked at No. 2 the week of November 27, 1961 on the "Billboard" Monaural LPs chart, behind only "Judy at Carnegie Hall" by Judy Garland.


title: Time Out (album)

text: "Time Out" was the first jazz album to sell more than a million copies. The album was certified platinum in 1997 and double platinum in 2011. The single, "Take Five", also sold over a million.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: A flashback (sometimes called an analepsis) is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story's primary sequence of events to fill in crucial backstory. In the opposite direction, a flashforward (or prolepsis) reveals events that will occur in the future. Both flashback and flashforward are used to cohere a story, develop a character, or add structure to the narrative. In literature, internal analepsis is a flashback to an earlier point in the narrative; external analepsis is a flashback to a time before the narrative started.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: In film, flashbacks depict the subjective experience of a character by showing a memory of a previous event and they are often used to "resolve an enigma". Flashbacks are important in film noir and melodrama films. In films and television, several camera techniques, editing approaches and special effects have evolved to alert the viewer that the action shown is a flashback or flashforward; for example, the edges of the picture may be deliberately blurred, photography may be jarring or choppy, or unusual coloration or sepia tone, or monochrome when most of the story is in full color, may be used. The scene may fade or dissolve, often with the camera focused on the face of the character and there is typically a voice-over by a narrator (who is often, but not always, the character who is experiencing the memory).


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: An early example of analepsis is in the "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata", where the main story is narrated through a frame story set at a later time. Another early use of this device in a murder mystery was in "The Three Apples", an "Arabian Nights" tale. The story begins with the discovery of a young woman's dead body. After the murderer later reveals himself, he narrates his reasons for the murder in a series of flashbacks leading up to the discovery of her dead body at the beginning of the story. Flashbacks are also employed in several other "Arabian Nights" tales such as "Sinbad the Sailor" and "The City of Brass".


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: Analepsis was used extensively by author Ford Madox Ford, and by poet, author, historian and mythologist Robert Graves. The 1927 book "The Bridge of San Luis Rey" by Thornton Wilder is the progenitor of the modern disaster epic in literature and film-making, where a single disaster intertwines the victims, whose lives are then explored by means of flashbacks of events leading up to the disaster. Analepsis is also used in "Night" by Elie Wiesel. If flashbacks are extensive and in chronological order, one can say that these form the present of the story, while the rest of the story consists of flash forwards. If flashbacks are presented in non-chronological order, the time at which the story takes place can be ambiguous: An example of such an occurrence is in "Slaughterhouse-Five" where the narrative jumps back and forth in time, so there is no actual present time line. "Os Lusíadas" is a story about voyage of Vasco da Gama to India and back. The narration starts when they were arriving in Africa but it quickly flashes back to the beginning of the story which is when they were leaving Portugal.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: The "Harry Potter" series employs a magical device called a Pensieve, which changes the nature of flashbacks from a mere narrative device to an event directly experienced by the characters, who are thus able to provide commentary.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: The creator of the flashback technique in cinema was "Histoire d’un crime" directed by Ferdinand Zecca in 1901. An early use of the flashback technique in cinema occurs throughout D.W. Griffith's film, "Hearts of the World" (1918): for example, during the wall scene with the Boy at 1:33. Flashbacks were first employed during the sound era in Rouben Mamoulian's 1931 film "City Streets", but were rare until about 1939 when, in William Wyler's "Wuthering Heights" as in Emily Brontë's original novel, the housekeeper Ellen narrates the main story to overnight visitor Mr. Lockwood, who has witnessed Heathcliff's frantic pursuit of what is apparently a ghost. More famously, also in 1939, Marcel Carné's film "Le Jour Se Lève" is told almost entirely through flashback: the story starts with the murder of a man in a hotel. While the murderer, played by Jean Gabin, is surrounded by the police, several flashbacks tell the story of why he killed the man at the beginning of the film.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: One of the most famous examples of a flashback is in the Orson Welles' film "Citizen Kane" (1941). The protagonist, Charles Foster Kane, dies at the beginning, uttering the word "Rosebud". The remainder of the film is framed by a reporter's interviewing Kane's friends and associates, in a futile effort to discover what the word meant to Kane. As the interviews proceed, pieces of Kane's life unfold in flashback, but Welles' use of such unconventional flashbacks was thought to have been influenced by William K. Howard's "The Power and the Glory". Lubitsch used a flashback in "Heaven Can Wait" (1943) which tells the story of Henry Van Cleve. Though usually used to clarify plot or backstory, flashbacks can also act as an unreliable narrator. The multiple and contradictory staged reconstructions of a crime in Errol Morris's 1988 documentary "The Thin Blue Line" are presented as flashbacks based on divergent testimony. Akira Kurosawa's 1950 "Rashomon" does this in the most celebrated fictional use of contested multiple testimonies.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: Sometimes a flashback is inserted into a film even though there was none in the original source from which the film was adapted. The 1956 film version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's stage musical "Carousel" used a flashback device which somewhat takes the impact away from a very dramatic plot development later in the film. This was done because the plot of "Carousel" was then considered unusually strong for a film musical. In the film version of "Camelot" (1967), according to Alan Jay Lerner, a flashback was added not to soften the blow of a later plot development but because the stage show had been criticized for shifting too abruptly in tone from near-comedy to tragedy.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: In Billy Wilder's film noir "Double Indemnity" (1944), a flashback from the main character is used to provide a confession to his fraudulent and criminal activities. Fish & Cat is the first single-shot movie with several flashbacks.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: In John Brahm's film noir ""The Locket"" (1946) a unique hat trick is used (a flashback within a flashback within a flashback) to give psychological depth to the story of a woman who was allegedly a kleptomaniac, inveterate liar, and murderess but had never been punished for any of her crimes.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: A good example of both flashback and flashforward is the first scene of "La Jetée" (1962). As we learn a few minutes later, what we are seeing in that scene is a flashback to the past, since the present of the film's diegesis is a time directly following World War III. However, as we learn at the very end of the film, that scene also doubles as a prolepsis, since the dying man the boy is seeing is, in fact, himself. In other words, he is proleptically seeing his own death. We thus have an analepsis and prolepsis in the very same scene.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: Occasionally, a story may contain a flashback within a flashback, with the earliest known example appearing in Jacques Feyder's "L'Atlantide". "Little Annie Rooney" (1925) contains a flashback scene in a Chinese laundry, with a flashback within that flashback in the corner of the screen. In John Ford's "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962), the main action of the film is told in flashback, with the scene of Liberty Valance's murder occurring as a flashback within that flashback. Other examples that contains flashbacks within flashbacks are the 1968 Japanese film "Lone Wolf Isazo" and 2004's "The Phantom of the Opera", where almost the entire film (set in 1870) is told as a flashback from 1919 (in black-and-white) and contains other flashbacks; for example, Madame Giry rescuing the Phantom from a freak show. An extremely convoluted story may contain flashbacks within flashbacks within flashbacks, as in "Six Degrees of Separation", "Passage to Marseille", and "The Locket".


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: This technique is a hallmark of Kannada movie director Upendra. He has employed this technique in his movies - "Om" (1995), "A"(1998) and the futuristic flick "Super" (2010) - set in 2030 containing multiple flashbacks ranging from 2010 to 2015 depicting a Utopian India.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: Satyajit Ray experimented with flashbacks in "The Adversary" (Pratidwandi, 1972), pioneering the technique of photo-negative flashbacks. He also uses flashbacks in other films such as Nayak (1966), Kapurush- O - Mahapurush ( 1965), Aranyer Din Ratri (1970), Jalsaghar(1959). In fact, in Nayak, the entire film proceeds in a non linear narrative which explores the Hero (Arindam's) past through seven flashbacks and two dreams. He also uses extensive flashbacks in the Kanchenjunga (1962).


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: Quentin Tarantino makes extensive use of the flashback and flashforward in many of his films. In "Reservoir Dogs" (1992), for example, scenes of the story present are intercut with various flashbacks to give each character's backstory and motivation additional context. In "Pulp Fiction" (1994), which uses a highly nonlinear narrative, traditional flashback is also used in the sequence titled "The Gold Watch". Other films, such as his two-part "Kill Bill" (Part I 2003, Part II 2004), also feature a narrative that bounces between present time and flashbacks.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: The television series "Quantico", "Kung Fu", "Psych", "How I Met Your Mother", "Grounded for Life", "Once Upon a Time", and "I Didn't Do It" use flashbacks in every episode. Flashbacks were also a predominant feature of the television shows "Lost", "Arrow", Phineas and Ferb, "Orange Is the New Black", "13 Reasons Why", "Elite" and "Quicksand". Many detective shows routinely use flashback in the last act to reveal the culprit's plot, e.g. "Murder, She Wrote", "Banacek," "Columbo". The television show "Leverage" uses a flashback at the end of each episode to show how the protagonists successfully carried out their confidence trick on the episode's antagonist.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: The anime "Inuyasha" uses flashbacks that take one back half a century ago in the two-part episode "The Tragic Love Song of Destiny" in the sixth season narrated by the elderly younger sister of Lady Kikyo, Lady Kaede; Episodes 147 and 148.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: In , the ongoing spinoff to the anime stated above, the premiere takes us back eighteen years ago, five months since the conclusion of the original series' . Episode Fifteen "Farewell Under the Lunar Eclipse" is narrated by Riku that explains what had happened before and right after the Half-Demon Princesses were born; namely where Inuyasha and nineteen-year-old Kagome Higurashi had ended up, trapped within the Black Pearl at the border of the Afterlife for fourteen long years. Some months later, flashbacks that are memories belonging to Jaken ("The Silver-Scale Curse") and Hachimon ("Battle of the Moon, Part 1") eventually come.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: In the Disney Channel series Phineas and Ferb, flashbacks and flash forwards often appear. In several episodes, the series’s main antagonist, Dr. Doofenshmirtz often uses flashbacks as a way to explain his past. A gag in the episode Doof Dynasty notes that when a character explains his or her past, their body ripples (referencing the “ripple effect” which starts a flashback in other media). In the episode Act Your Age, the whole episode is a flash forward of the characters as teenagers. Several other episodes also feature flashbacks of the main character’s ancestors, who as a running gag, always seem to look like the main characters with slight variations in clothing, but the exact same mannerisms and voices.


title: Flashback (narrative)

text: The 2D hand-drawn animated show "Tangled" (later renamed "Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure") for its second and third seasons) began showing flashbacks set a quarter of a century ago in the Dark Kingdom, where the heavenly Moonstone resides within for hundreds of years in the second season's premiere "Beyond the Walls of Corona", "Rapunzel and the Great Tree" and the finale "Destinies Collide."


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: Amazon Obhijaan ( The Amazon expedition) is a 2017 Indian Bengali-language action-adventure film written and directed by Kamaleshwar Mukherjee and produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films. Starring Dev in the lead role of Shankar, it is the sequel to 2013 film "Chander Pahar" and the second installment of "Chander Pahar" film series. The film revolves around Shankar, an adventurer who, along with a lady and her father, travels the Amazon in search of the City of Gold, El Dorado.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: "Amazon Obhijaan" happens to be the 100th film of the production house. The highest-grossing Bengali film ever, it was released theatrically on 22 December 2017. On 5 January 2018, the film was dubbed and released in five languages: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Odia and Assamese. It is also the first Bengali film to release theatrically in United Kingdom on 12 January 2018.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: The sequel to the Chander Pahar film, the story begins with Shankar living in his hometown when he is approached by a young Italian woman named Anna Florian to accompany her and her father, Marco Florian, in finding mythical El Dorado, the city of gold in Amazon. Thus, the journey of Shankar begins.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: In earlier 2014, according to a Bengali magazine, director Kamaleshwar Mukherjee has already penned the script, taking the story forward from where it left and Dev has been quoted as saying that the next location, after the African safari, will be the dense forests of Amazon rainforest. The film has been titled "Amazon Obhijan". Shooting has been started from May 2016.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: The film's official poster has been launched at the Mohun Bagan Ground and made a record of the biggest film poster of history in India on 4 November 2017. It broke the previous record of Bahubali's poster and achieve Guinness book world record.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: The trailer of the film was released on 1 December 2017 in Bengali, Assamese, Odia, Hindi, Tamil and Telugu language.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: "Amazon Obhijaan" is a 2017 graphic novel based on the film of the same name. It is written by the film's director Kamaleswar Mukherjee, and is available in English and Bengali. The graphic novel acts as a promotional activity for the film. It was released on 11 November 2017.


title: Amazon Obhijaan

text: "The Times of India" rated the film 3/5, writing, "One must watch the film. Not only because of its grandeur but also to savour Kamaleswar’s imagination. The mythic city of El Dorado is pretty much the same as we had imagined in childhood. And finally, the film ends where it all began — with a reference to "Reader’s Digest", the book that opened up the idea of Shankar’s first adventure, "Chander Pahar", many years ago."


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: Nicholas Stephen Alkemade (10 December 1922 – 22 June 1987) was a British tail gunner in the Royal Air Force during World War II who survived a freefall of without a parachute after abandoning his out-of-control, burning Avro Lancaster heavy bomber over Germany.


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: On the night of 24 March 1944, 21-year-old Alkemade was one of seven crew members in Avro Lancaster B Mk. II, "DS664", of No. 115 Squadron RAF. Returning from a 300-bomber-raid on Berlin, east of Schmallenberg, "DS664" was attacked by a German Junkers Ju 88 night-fighter—flown by Heinz Rökker of , caught fire and began to spiral out of control. Because his parachute had caught fire and was unserviceable, Alkemade jumped from the aircraft without it, preferring to die on impact rather than burn to death. He fell to the ground below.


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: His fall was broken by pine trees and a soft snow cover on the ground. He was able to move his arms and legs and suffered only a sprained leg. The Lancaster crashed bursting into flames, killing pilot Jack Newman and three other members of the crew. They are buried in the Hanover War Cemetery.


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: Alkemade was subsequently captured and interviewed by the Gestapo, who were initially suspicious of his claim to have fallen without a parachute. This was until the wreckage of the aircraft was examined and his parachute was found as Alkemade had described it. The Germans gave Alkemade a certificate testifying to the fact. He was a celebrated prisoner of war, before being repatriated in May 1945.


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: Alkemade worked in the chemical industry after the war. He appeared on the ITV series "Just Amazing!", a programme where former motorcycle racer Barry Sheene interviewed people who had, through accident or design, achieved feats of daring and survival.


title: Nicholas Alkemade

text: In January 2020, 115 Squadron at RAF Wittering voted to rename a building as "The Alkemade Building" in honour of his achievements in the RAF during World War 2.


title: Kishinev pogrom

text: The Kishinev pogrom or Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev (modern Chișinău, Moldova), then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on . A second pogrom erupted in the city in October 1905. In the pogrom of 1903, which began on Easter Day, 49 Jews were killed, 92 were gravely injured, a number of Jewish women were raped, over 500 were lightly injured and 1,500 homes were damaged. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. The incident focused worldwide attention on the persecution of Jews in Russia and led Theodor Herzl to propose the Uganda Scheme as a temporary refuge for the Jews.


title: Kishinev pogrom

text: The most popular newspaper in Kishinev, the Russian-language anti-Semitic newspaper "Бессарабец" ("Bessarabets", meaning "Bessarabian"), published by Pavel Krushevan, regularly published articles with headlines such as "Death to the Jews!" and "Crusade against the Hated Race!" (referring to the Jews). When a Ukrainian boy, Mikhail Rybachenko, was found murdered in the town of Dubăsari, about north of Kishinev, and a girl who committed suicide by poisoning herself was declared dead in a Jewish hospital, the "Bessarabetz" paper insinuated that both children had been murdered by the Jewish community for the purpose of using their blood in the preparation of matzo for Passover. Another newspaper, "Свет" ("Svet", "Light") made similar insinuations. These allegations sparked the pogrom.


title: Kishinev pogrom

text: The pogrom began on April 19 (April 6 according to the Julian calendar, then in use in the Russian Empire) after congregations were dismissed from church services on Easter Sunday. In two days of rioting, 47 (some put the figure at 49) Jews were killed, 92 were severely wounded and 500 were slightly injured, 700 houses were destroyed, and 600 stores were pillaged. "The Times" published a forged dispatch by Vyacheslav von Plehve, the Minister of Interior, to the governor of Bessarabia, which supposedly gave orders not to stop the rioters. Unlike the more responsible authorities at Dubăsari, who acted to prevent the pogrom, there is evidence that the officials in Kishinev acted in collusion or negligence, turning a blind eye to the impending pogrom.


title: Kishinev pogrom

text: On 28 April, "The New York Times" reprinted a Yiddish Daily News report that was smuggled out of Russia: