title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The CVA-01s were all cancelled by 1966, eliminating one of the main roles for the class and removing the need for such a large warship. In its place a smaller design carrying Sea Dart for air defence entered service as the Type 42 destroyer. One Type 82, , was ordered to act as a testbed for the various technologies to be used on future ships. Sometimes described as a "light cruiser", she was officially classified as a destroyer.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The CVA-01 aircraft carrier project was cancelled in the 1966 Defence White Paper, eliminating the requirement for the Type 82 class. Nevertheless, one hull of the original four was ordered on 4 October 1966 for use as a testbed for new technologies. HMS "Bristol" was laid down in 1967, featuring four new systems:


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The latter feature, although not externally apparent, was perhaps the most pioneering of the design; a leap forward from the rudimentary action information system of the "Counties" and its heavy reliance on manual data input.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The Type 82 was followed into service by the smaller Type 42 destroyer that featured the same Sea Dart missile, 113 mm Mark 8 gun and integrated ADAWS. It was not a direct replacement for the Type 82 "per se", but filled the area air defence role in a Cold War, North Atlantic navy. The Type 42 design was however smaller and had a lower manpower requirement and as such many more hulls could be brought into service than a design of the Type 82's size. It also featured a flight deck and hangar for its own air component providing improved anti-submarine, surface-strike and general utility to the design.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The Type 82 was loosely based on the layout of the and the Type 12I (hence the inclusion in the escort Type numbering system.) However the County and "Leander" designs provided only a limited weapon and command replacement for the war-built cruisers, the last of which had been decommissioned in 1962-65.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The County class depended on data links from the aircraft carriers ( "Eagle", "Hermes" and "Victorious)" equipped with 984 3D radar and ADWAS computers which were able to track 50-100 targets and prioritize targets for fighters, missiles and long range AA. The later "Tiger"-class cruisers were completed too late with unreliable machinery and automatic guns prone to jamming. The Tigers were inefficient East of Suez and similar problems plagued the last Battle-class destroyer and "Daring-"class. The Counties had the same obsolescent 4.5-inch guns and Seaslug missile system was now obsolete. Their helicopter facilities were cumbersome and unrealistic for deterrence of Soviet nuclear submarines or even diesel submarines of the Chinese navy and other Far-East nations. The serious naval confrontation between Malaya and Indonesia from 1963-6, showed Asian powers now had jet bombers armed with cruise missiles, and RN carriers with subsonic second generation de Havilland Sea Vixen and Supermarine Scimitar fighters were insufficient. Three of the RN strike carriers in 1963-65 had capacity for only 25 aircraft, which was completely inadequate for the required mix of strike aircraft, fighters, interceptors, tankers, Fairey Gannets and anti-submarine helicopters or aircraft.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: Moving the anti-submarine requirement to separate small cruisers or carriers armed with either 4-6 anti submarine helicopters or more reliable dual conventional/nuclear missile anti-submarine missiles such as Ikara or ASROC propelled the development of the Type 82 and the legend was set on 7 July 1965.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: Other East of Suez issues in the Gulf and with Egypt, UAE and China and unstated India. Iraq and Iran were also seen as justifying more powerful cruiser substitutes as aircraft carrier complements. As with the County class, gun armament was light, no light AA was included prior to the 1982 Falklands War and the warships were unarmoured. Scantlings, supply and storage capacity was based on destroyer standards as in the preceding Counties. The Type 82 was a much more spacious warship better planned for sustained crew functionality in operational conditions in distant waters.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The vessel was powered by a combined steam and gas (COSAG) plant, and was the last warship designed for the Royal Navy to be powered by steam. The steam plant vented through the large fore funnel while the gas plant exhausted though a side-by-side pair of after funnels (on either side of the extensive air intakes and filters for the gas turbines), giving it a unique three-funnelled layout.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The new Sea Dart missile was fired from a twin-arm launcher on the quarterdeck and there was a pair of radar Type 909 target illumination sets, an improvement over the single radar Type 901 set of the County-class design.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The single Mark 8 4.5-inch gun was not intended as an anti-aircraft weapon, and as such had an elevation of only 55°. The weapon was designed specifically for reliability over rate of fire, allowing only a single mounting to be shipped, and the comparatively low rate of fire of 25 rounds per minute was more than suitable for the intended anti-ship and shore bombardment roles.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The third weapon system was the Australian Ikara anti-submarine weapon; a rocket-powered aircraft capable of carrying a Mk.44 homing torpedo or nuclear depth bomb out to 10 miles from the ship. The Ikara was backed up by a Mark 10 Limbo anti-submarine mortar. Although capable of landing a Westland Wasp helicopter on the quarterdeck the ship lacked a hangar and aviation facilities and thus had to rely on external air support.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The original design called for a long-range 3-D air search radar to be fitted; the joint Anglo-Dutch Type 988 "Broomstick", and early drawings and artist's impression show a large dome on the bridge to carry this set. A similar set was to be fitted to the CVA-01 design. However, the RN dropped out of the program due to high cost, and instead she was fitted with the ageing Type 965 air search radar, with a "twin bedstead" AKE-2 antennae, on a stump foremast. Radar Type 992Q low-angle search was carried on the tall, slender mainmast and as such the electronics fit had not advanced significantly from the County class. Type 909 sets were shipped fore and aft for Sea Dart fire control, allowing two targets to be engaged at any one time.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The main advance in the design was with how the sensor data was processed and displayed. The ADAWS-2 system, based on two Ferranti FM1600 computers, integrated the identification, tracking and engagement of targets into a single system. ADAWS-2 could accept input from any of the ship's radars or sonars, identify targets and produce continuous track histories. Using this information it could evaluate threat levels and control the engagement of targets using the relevant weapons systems. The whole process occurred almost automatically, requiring only oversight and command from the human operator. This new generation of warship would be commanded from an operations room within the ship rather than the traditional location of the bridge.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: Despite introducing various new systems, the role for which "Bristol" was designed never materialised. She faced the problem of entering a navy that had no operational role or requirement for her and that was faced with rapidly changing priorities. This single, large ship was manpower- and maintenance-intensive and was not fitted out to the standard required for front line deployment.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The major shortcomings in the design were twofold: the lack of an air component and the lack of a long-range anti-ship weapon. Because this class of destroyer was proposed to be deployed alongside the new aircraft carriers, both of these capabilities were intended to be delivered from other components of the carrier battle group. Within a few years these features would be standard on ships of this size and type. These deficiencies limited her to squadron (rather than individual patrol) duties, and "Bristol" is usually seen as something of a white elephant.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: The role which the Type 82 was built for never materialised; "Bristol," the only ship built, spent most of her service in the 1970s trialling and building up experience using the new weapons and computer systems. A major boiler fire in 1974 destroyed the steam plant. Older ships might have been crippled by this, but "Bristol" was able to operate for three years using only her turbine plant, demonstrating the flexibility and utility of the latter. The steam plant was repaired in 1976 and it was not until 1979 that she was fitted out for frontline service with ECM, Corvus countermeasures launchers and a pair of World War II-era Oerlikon 20 mm cannons. During this refit the Limbo weapon was removed; the well subsequently saw service as a makeshift swimming pool.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: Thanks to her size, "Bristol" was suitable for use as a flagship as she could embark the extra staff members necessary for this role. As such, she served as the Royal Navy flagship during Exercise "Ocean Safari 81". After a short refit, during which the mortar well was plated over to allow the landing of large helicopters on the quarterdeck, she joined the Royal Navy task force in the South Atlantic in the 1982 Falklands War as a component of the carrier battle-group. After the conflict she remained ‘’in situ’’ as flagship of the remaining Royal Navy forces. On return to the UK she entered a refit and, in light of the lessons of the conflict, she had her light anti aircraft weapons augmented with a pair of twin Oerlikon / BMARC 30 mm GCM-A03 and a pair of single Oerlikon / BMARC 20 mm GAM-B01 guns. Loral-Hycor SRBOC countermeasures launchers were also added to augment the elderly Corvus launchers.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: With the Royal Navy short on hulls after damages and losses incurred in the Falklands, "Bristol" remained in commission and made several overseas deployments until paid off for refit in 1984. Another boiler explosion when entering refit caused extensive damage and had to be repaired. The major work undertaken in the refit was to replace the obsolete radar Type 965 with the new radar Type 1022 for long range air search duties. In addition, the Ikara system was removed and it was intended that it be replaced with two triple STWS-1 launchers for 324 mm anti-submarine torpedoes, although these were never fitted.


title: Type 82 destroyer

text: In 1987 she became part of Dartmouth training squadron, for which duties she had extra accommodation and classrooms added in the former Ikara and Limbo spaces. Finally she was withdrawn from service on 14 June 1991 and configured for her next role in 1993 to be a replacement for as a static training ship at , a shore facility in Portsmouth.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Ádám Csaba Szalai (born 9 December 1987) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays for Swiss club Basel as a forward.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: He spent most of his career in Germany, signing in 2004 with VfB Stuttgart and going on to represent Mainz 05, Schalke 04, 1899 Hoffenheim and Hannover 96 in the Bundesliga. He also played three years in Spain, with Real Madrid Castilla.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: A Hungarian international since 2009, Szalai won 86 caps and was part of the squad at two European Championships, scoring once in each tournament.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai started his career in his hometown of Budapest, playing for Budapest Honvéd FC and Újpest FC. In 2004, he moved to Germany to complete his development, spending two years at the youth academy of VfB Stuttgart.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: In August 2007, Szalai was transferred to Real Madrid Castilla, the reserve team of Real Madrid, for approximately €500.000.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: In his second season in Segunda División B – the only tier in which he competed during his spell in Spain – he scored 16 goals in 37 games, but the side could only rank sixth, thus missing out on the playoffs.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 9 January 2010, Real Madrid loaned Szalai to 1. FSV Mainz 05 until June. He made his Bundesliga debut seven days later, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute in a 4–2 away loss against Bayer 04 Leverkusen.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai scored his first goal for Mainz in a 1–0 home win over Borussia Dortmund on 10 April 2010. He netted his second against FC Bayern Munich on 25 September in a 2–1 away victory, with a powerful shot into the top corner in what was the Rhineland-Palatinate club's sixth consecutive win of the season, in an eventual run of seven. On 29 January 2011, at 1. FC Kaiserslautern, the player sustained a knee injury – cruciate ligament – which sidelined him for the remainder of the campaign.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 22 January 2012, Szalai returned to action with Mainz after his injury, playing the second half of a 3–2 defeat at Leverkusen. On 1 August he signed a contract extension with the club running until June 2015 and, on 27 October, scored his first hat-trick for the team in a 3–0 home defeat of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 10 February 2013, Szalai scored his 12th goal of the campaign against FC Augsburg, thereby becoming the most productive Hungarian goalscorer in a single German top-division season, surpassing both Lajos Détári and Vasile Miriuță, whom netted 11 for Eintracht Frankfurt in 1987–88 and FC Energie Cottbus in 2000–01 respectively. On 15 April, Sky Sports published an article on the player where Horst Heldt, general manager of FC Schalke 04, reportedly showed interest in signing him, pending the club's qualification to the UEFA Champions League in order to fund the transfer.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 27 June 2013, Szalai signed a four-year contract with Schalke. After making his official debut against amateurs FC Nöttingen in the first round of the DFB-Pokal, he played his first league match against Hamburger SV, scoring the hosts' last goal in a 3–3 draw after a shot from Christian Clemens was poorly handled by René Adler.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai was instrumental in helping his team reach the group stage of the Champions League. After a 1–1 draw in the first leg against PAOK FC he grabbed a brace in the second match in Thessaloniki (3–2 win), and played the full 90 minutes on both occasions.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 3 July 2014, Szalai was transferred to Hoffenheim for €6 million. Alexander Rosen, the sporting director, said that he fitted into the club's style. He made his debut for his new team against Augsburg, opened the scoring in a 2–0 home win and was voted "Player of the Day" on the Bundesliga website.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai was sent off for the first time in his career on 22 November 2014 after committing a foul on Dante in the 90th minute of the league fixture against Bayern Munich at the Allianz Arena, being banned for two matches by the German Football Association. On 12 December, he replaced Anthony Modeste at the hour-mark of a home game with Eintracht Frankfurt; he scored the 2–2 equaliser three minutes later, and in the 87th he provided an assist with his ankle for Roberto Firmino's winner.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 4 January 2016, after being linked to a host of clubs, Szalai continued in Germany by being loaned out to Hannover 96 for the remainder of the campaign.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 27 August 2019, Szalai rejoined Mainz on a free transfer and a two-year contract. Mainly a reserve in his second spell at the Mewa Arena, he netted only four times in all competitions.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 16 February 2022, Szalai joined FC Basel until June 2023 after severing his ties with Mainz. He scored on his Swiss Super League debut three days later, in a 3–0 home victory against FC Lausanne-Sport.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai featured regularly with the Hungarian under-21 team. On 11 February 2009 he made his debut with the full side, replacing Zoltán Szélesi in the 84th minute of a 1–0 friendly loss to Israel. On 8 October of the following year, during a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against San Marino at the Ferenc Puskás Stadium, he scored three in an 8–0 rout. Four days later, in the same competition, he contributed another to a 2–1 victory in Finland.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 29 February 2012, Szalai returned to the national team setup after his one-year injury with a goal against Bulgaria, in a friendly draw in Győr. On 7 September, in the nation's first 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier, he netted the third for the visitors in an eventual 5–0 win in Andorra.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 16 October 2012, Szalai helped hosts Hungary battle back to beat Turkey 3–1, scoring the second after an assist from Tamás Kádár.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: After a 8–1 defeat in the Netherlands for the 2014 World Cup qualification campaign, Szalai took part in a press conference where he gave poignant answers about what he thought the reasons behind the long-term underachievement of the national side were. Subsequently, he found himself on the international wilderness.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 13 November 2013, Attila Pintér, manager of Hungarian League club Győri ETO FC, reacted to Szalai's statements and doubted his honesty. The coach claimed that the player said in an interview before the loss in Amsterdam that he did not have any problems with Hungary boss Sándor Egervári, further disapproving of him for his irresponsibility of criticising the Hungarian coaches even though he did not know them.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Hungary played its first match of 2014 on 5 March, and Szalai was left out. In an interview with Nemzeti Sport, he said that he could not comment on his future with the national team since he was not invited and he did not have the option to decide whether to join or not.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 28 August 2014, Pintér selected his list for the Euro 2016 qualifier against Northern Ireland at the Groupama Arena on 7 September, and Szalai was not on it. On 4 September, he posted an announcement on his Facebook profile saying that he did not want to play for his country as long as Pintér was in charge, and thus became the second Hungarian footballer in 20 years to renounce to the national side after Szabolcs Huszti in 2007.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 18 September 2014, Pál Dárdai was appointed as Hungary's interim manager. Eight days later, Szalai announced his return to the national team as the new coach stated the player was one of the side's "leading personalities".


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 11 October 2014, Szalai marked his return by featuring the full 90 minutes in Romania in a 1–1 draw for the Euro 2016 qualifiers. Three days later, for the same competition, he scored the game's only goal for an away win over the Faroe Islands in Tórshavn. After the victorious qualifying play-off match against Norway, he was recorded on video attending a bar in Budapest where fans were celebrating, and after giving a rousing speech about how they suffered the most during the unsuccessful period of Hungarian football, bought 200 shots of pálinka for the people present; the next day, he jokingly noted in a Facebook comment that he did not remember giving a speech.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai was selected for Hungary's Euro 2016 squad. He started and scored the opening goal in their first game in the tournament, a 2–0 defeat of Austria in Bordeaux which marked his first after a 40-match dry spell that lasted over a year; shortly before this happened, the Hungarian fans were chanting the name of fellow striker Dániel Böde, demanding a substitution.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: On 10 October 2016, Szalai netted for the third time in the 2018 World Cup qualifying phase, helping to a 2–0 victory in Latvia. In June 2021, he was selected as captain to the final 26-man squad for the rescheduled Euro 2020 tournament, scoring in the final group fixture for a 2–2 draw against Germany where he also assisted András Schäfer.


title: Ádám Szalai

text: Szalai announced his retirement for the second time on 21 September 2022, his last match being in the UEFA Nations League against Italy.


title: Pholcodine

text: Pholcodine is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive). It helps suppress unproductive coughs and also has a mild sedative effect, but has little or no analgesic effects. It is also known as morpholinylethylmorphine and homocodeine.


title: Pholcodine

text: Pholcodine is found in certain cough lozenges, and more commonly as an oral solution, typically 5 mg / 5 ml. Adult dosage is 5-10 ml up to 3-4 times daily. Pholcodine now largely replaces the previously more common codeine linctus, as it has a much lower potential for dependence.


title: Pholcodine

text: Pholcodine is used as an antitussive agent in Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK . It is a class B substance in the United Kingdom but can be purchased over-the-counter in most UK pharmacies. Pholcodine is not prescribed in the United States where it is classed as a Schedule I drug, the most highly controlled drug category, which includes the likes of heroin, LSD and ecstasy.


title: Pholcodine

text: Pholcodine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and freely crosses the blood–brain barrier. It acts primarily on the central nervous system (CNS), causing depression of the cough reflex, partly by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla. It is metabolized in the liver and its action may be prolonged in individuals with hepatic insufficiency (i.e. liver problems). Its use is therefore contraindicated in patients with liver disease, while care is advised in patients with hepatic impairment.


title: Pholcodine

text: Pholcodine is slowly biotransformed in the body via oxidation and conjugation to a series of metabolites that are eliminated primarily in the urine. With an average half-life of approximately 2.3 days, steady-state in someone taking the drug chronically would not be reached for nearly 2 weeks. Nearly one-half of a single dose is eventually excreted as free or conjugated parent drug. The most important urinary metabolite is conjugated morphine, which may be detectable for days or weeks after the last dose. This could trigger a positive result for opiates in a urine drug testing program.


title: Pholcodine

text: Side effects are rare and may include dizziness and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or vomiting. Adverse effects such as constipation, drowsiness, excitation, ataxia and respiratory depression have been reported occasionally or after large doses. The primary safety concerns with pholcodine revolve around death during general anaesthesia.


title: Pholcodine

text: Administration of pholcodine causes production of antibodies linked with fatalities during surgery, when essential neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are administered to prevent patient movement under general anaesthesia. These antibody levels gradually fall to low levels several years after last dose of pholcodine. However, the presence of these antibodies causes a 300-fold increase in risk of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia.


title: Pholcodine

text: The link was suspected when neighbouring Norway and Sweden were found to have tenfold differences of surgical anaphylaxis deaths. Sweden had no products approved containing pholcodine, whereas 40% of the population in Norway had consumed the single approved pholcodine product. Norway withdrew pholcodine from the market in 2007, and the prevalence of anti-suxamethonium antibodies fell by over 80% in two years. A corresponding fall in anaesthesia deaths followed.


title: Pholcodine

text: A similar disparity exists between NMBA anaphylaxis rates in Australia, where pholcodine consumption is high and the US, where pholcodine is banned. In the US, anaphylaxis rates are so low that some anaesthetists question the existence of such reactions to NMBAs. Conversely, Australian anaesthetists have requested a ban on pholcodine due to the high anaphylaxis rate in the country. However, the Therapeutic Goods Administration declined the request in January 2015, pending further reviews to follow.


title: Pholcodine

text: In contrast, the European Medicines Agency's 2012 "Assessment report for Pholcodine containing medicinal products" concludes this:


title: Pholcodine

text: NMBA-related anaphylaxis is circumstantial, not entirely consistent and therefore does not support the


title: Pholcodine

text: conclusion that there is a significant risk of cross-sensitisation to NMBAs and subsequent development


title: Pholcodine

text: In September 2022, the European Medicines Agency started reviewing its position at the request of the French ANSM, which withdrew all pholcodine-containing medicines after preliminary results from a local study showed an increased risk of anaphylaxis after pholcodine use.. The review concluded on 14 December 2022 with the recommendation that Pholcodine be withdrawn from the EU market. This decision is to be ratified by the European Commission before becoming legally binding.


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi Anibade Young (; born March 28, 1972), better known simply as Ledisi, is an American R&B and jazz recording artist, songwriter, music producer, author and actress. Her name means "to bring forth" or "to come here" in Yoruba.


title: Ledisi

text: In 1995, Ledisi formed a band after her middle name Anibade. After unsuccessfully trying to get signed to a major label, she formed LeSun Records with Sundra Manning. Ledisi and Sundra decided to release Ledisi's debut album entitled "Soulsinger" (black and white cover on the LeSun Music independent label) featuring the song "Take Time", which gained substantial airplay from San Francisco area radio stations.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2002, Ledisi re-released her first album, titled "" under Tommy Boy Records., featuring a bonus track with Grammy Award Winner Meshell Ndege Ocello on bass. Ledisi also released her second album, "Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue", which won "Outstanding Jazz Album" at the California Music Awards.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2005, Ledisi signed a record deal with Verve Forecast and released her third album, titled "Lost & Found", on August 28, 2007; it sold almost 217,000 copies and earned her two Grammy nominations, including one for Best New Artist. In 2008, Ledisi released her Christmas album, "It's Christmas".


title: Ledisi

text: In 2009, Ledisi released her fourth album "Turn Me Loose", which earned her two Grammy nominations, followed by her fifth album "Pieces of Me" (2011) which debuted on the US "Billboard" 200 album chart at number eight, becoming the first top-ten album of her career and her highest-charting album to date. It also garnered three Grammy nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards including for Best R&B Album. In 2013, she received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 55th Grammy Awards for her collaboration with fellow R&B and jazz musician Robert Glasper for the album cut "Gonna Be Alright" from his fifth album "Black Radio" (2012). In 2014, she released her sixth album "The Truth" to critical acclaim and moderate sales, subsquently followed by albums "Let Love Rule" (2017), "The Wild Card" (2020) and "Ledisi Sings Nina" (2021), all of which have earned varying degrees of chart success and multiple Grammy Award nominations. Since releasing her debut "Soulsinger" in 2000, Ledisi has released eleven studio albums and earned fourteen Grammy Award nominations to date, winning her first for Best Traditional R&B Performance for "Anything For You" in 2021.


title: Ledisi

text: Aside from music, Leidsi has embarked a career in film and television as an actress. She portrayed gospel icon Mahalia Jackson in the films "Selma" (2014) and "" (2022). Other roles include a guest appearance as Patti LaBelle in the BET docudrama "American Soul", a cameo appearance as a choir member in the FX drama "Pose" (both 2020), as well as co-starring as Gladys Knight in the upcoming film "Spinning Gold" (2023). She is also set to star in her first Hallmark original movie "All Saints Christmas" (2022).


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi was born in New Orleans and was raised in Oakland, California. Ledisi first began performing publicly at age eight with the New Orleans Symphony Orchestra. Ledisi moved to Oakland, California, where she attended McChesney Junior High School, now Edna Brewer Middle School.


title: Ledisi

text: She was shy about her singing abilities and would sing only upon request when students in her gym class would implore her to sing Deniece Williams's version of Black Butterfly, bringing the entire classroom audience under the spell of her very mature, melodious voice. As she sang more publicly her music career blossomed and she earned a scholarship to study opera and piano for five years at University of California Berkeley in their Young Musicians Program. Right after graduating from high school she was nominated for a Shellie award for her performance in a production of "The Wiz" That nomination would lead her to be a long time cast member with the San Francisco cabaret, Beach Blanket Babylon.


title: Ledisi

text: While working at Beach Blanket Babylon, Ledisi worked at a record shop and waited tables part-time. It was not until she began performing regularly at local clubs like Cafe DuNord, The Elbo Room, Bruno's, Mecca, and Rasselas that she began making a name for herself in the local club scenes in the Bay Area.


title: Ledisi

text: In 1995, Ledisi formed a band called Anibade, won acclaim in the San Francisco Bay Area with a cult-like following of die-hard fans who referred to themselves as "Ledheads" and meet her with love at every event, singing along verbatim to songs that though unrecorded at the time, were well known by their fans. During this time, Ledisi met keyboardist Sundra Manning and recorded an album "Soulsinger" and shopped it around to a many major labels, all of them turned her down.


title: Ledisi

text: In January 2000, Ledisi released her first album, "Soulsinger", independently on her label, LeSun Records. The album had fan favorites, "Soulsinger", "Take Time", "Get Outta My Kitchen", and "Good Lovin'". After the release of "Soulsinger", Ledisi began performing outside of the Bay Area.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2002, Ledisi released her second album, "Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue", which was also released independently. The album featured the singles "Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue" and "Autumn Leaves". In 2003, Ledisi won "Outstanding Jazz Album" for"Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue" at the California Music Awards.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2006, she signed with Verve and released "Blues in the Night" which featured on the tribute album, "".


title: Ledisi

text: In August 2007, Ledisi's third album, "Lost & Found", was released. Ledisi stated that she was unsure of wanting to stay in the music industry. In response, Ledisi wrote the song "Alright" to express her life. "Alright" became the lead single and debuted at #45 on the "Billboard" Hot R&B chart. The album's second single, "In The Morning", debuted at #49 on the "Billboard" Hot R&B chart. Other songs from the album charted but were not released as singles. "Think of You" charted at #71 on the Hot R&B charts, "Joy" charted at #103 on the Hot R&B charts and #29 on the Adult R&B Airplay.


title: Ledisi

text: In December 2007, the album earned her two Grammy nominations, including one for Best New Artist. In 2008, Ledisi continued her tour to promote the album, "Lost & Found". By January 2009, the album had sold 216,894 copies.


title: Ledisi

text: In September 2008, Ledisi released her Christmas album, "It's Christmas", which featured the singles "This Christmas" and "Children Go Where I Send Thee". In December 2008. "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas" and "Give Love On Christmas Day" charted on the Hot R&B charts at #113.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2009, Ledisi's fourth studio album was announced as "Turn Me Loose". The album was released on August 18, 2009. Speaking in April 2010 to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis – Deputy Editor of the award-winning "Blues & Soul" – Ledisi explained the album's title reflected its musical diversity: "The title 'Turn Me Loose' is basically me saying 'I don't wanna be boxed in! Let me be myself as a performer and singer, because I do EVERYTHING! Not just one particular style!'." She employed production from seasoned R&B songwriter-producers such as Raphael Saadiq, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, James "Big Jim" Wright, and Carvin & Ivan. The first single from the album was "Goin' Thru Changes". The second single was "Higher Than This", produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and James "Big Jim" Wright.


title: Ledisi

text: In 2010, Ledisi made her first television appearance on BET's "Blackgirls Rock", with Marsha Ambrosius, Kelly Price and Jill Scott.


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi toured with R&B/soul singer Kem on his North American INTIMACY Tour. On March 10, 2011, during her opening act in Atlanta, Georgia, Ledisi announced that she had finished recording her fifth studio album, "Pieces of Me", on March 9, 2011. It was released on June 14, 2011. It debuted at number 8 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart, selling 38,000 copies in its first week. The album's title track served as the album's lead single.


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi headlined her first tour to promote her album, "Pieces of Me". The Pieces of Me Tour played to 22 sold-out shows across North America. With this album, she received three nominations for the 2012 Grammy Awards, in the categories Best R&B Album, Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song, for the album and the lead single "Pieces of Me".


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi released her first book, "Better Than Alright: Finding Peace, Love & Power" on Time Home Entertainment, Inc. in 2012. The book, an innovative collaboration with ESSENCE, is filled with the singer's personal photos, quotes, lyrics, and richly detailed stories of her journey to acceptance of her beauty, talent, and power.


title: Ledisi

text: On April 6, 2012, Ledisi announced her second headlining tour, B.G.T.Y., with Eric Benet serving as an opening act. In December 2012,


title: Ledisi

text: In March 2014, Ledisi released her new album "The Truth" in partnership with Essence Magazine and now Grammy Award Winner Robert Glasper was her opening act.


title: Ledisi

text: In April 2014, Ledisi was cast to play Mahalia Jackson in the American historical drama film, "Selma", directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Paul Webb and DuVernay. It is based on the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches for voting rights in Alabama, led by James Bevel, Martin Luther King Jr. and Hosea Williams. In the film and on the official film soundtrack, Ledisi sings "Take My Hand, Precious Lord". Initially slated to perform at the 57th Grammy Awards as part of a tribute to the Selma March alongside Common and John Legend (who performed their Oscar-winning duet "Glory") Ledisi's fan felt she was snubbed by the Recording Academy and recording artist Beyoncé, who performed in her place. Ledisi's snubbing and Beyoncé's performance received mixed reaction from social media. In 2015, she received her ninth Grammy Award nomination for Best R&B Performance for the single "Like This" off of her seventh album "The Truth". She lost to Beyoncé and Jay Z for "Drunk in Love".


title: Ledisi

text: In May 2017, Ledisi released a single titled "High" produced by Darhyl "Hey DJ" Camper and Rex Rideout. Her eighth studio album called "Let Love Rule" was released on September 22, 2017. In November 2017, she received three more nominations at the 60th Grammy Awards in January 2018 including Best R&B Album, Best R&B Performance and Best Traditional R&B Performance. Ledisi won a Soul Train Award 'Soul Certified Award' for the album.


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi helped the BET Awards pay tribute to Anita Baker, the Lifetime Achievement Award recipient of the night on June 24, with a rendition of the singer's 1986 ode "Sweet Love".


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi was then a part of the Aretha Franklin Tribute that was put together by the annual award ceremony known as Black Girls Rock. Ledisi delivered a rendition of the hit "Ain't No Way".


title: Ledisi

text: In October 2018, Ledisi performed with Adam Lambert in an NBC broadcast, "A Very "Wicked" Halloween: Celebrating 15 Years on Broadway", before a live studio audience at the Marquis Theatre in New York, singing "As Long as You're Mine" from "Wicked".


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi released her second book, "Don't Ever Lose your Walk:How to embrace your journey" on Chinweya Publishing, Inc on January 3, 2020. This book is part memoir and part self help. Ledisi explains how to navigated through rejection, depression and life while still being graceful with whatever is thrown your way. Ledisi self-published this book with the publishing company she formed with her family.


title: Ledisi

text: In June 2020, Ledisi announced the title of her ninth studio album, "The Wild Card". The album was released on August 28, 2020, exactly 13 years after her major label debut, "Lost & Found". The Wild Card is Ledisi's first release under her independent label Listen Back Entertainment /BMG.


title: Ledisi

text: On April 30, 2021, Ledisi released her tenth album and first live recording under her label Listen Back Entertainment, "Ledisi Live at The Troubadour". This was the second album Ledisi released with her new label.


title: Ledisi

text: Having previously appeared live on August 21, 2019, at the BBC Prom 45 "Mississippi Goddam (A Homage to Nina Simone)", on July 23, 2021, Ledisi released, "Ledisi Sings Nina". This project is a tribute to Nina Simone. Ledisi is supported by the Metropole Orkest conducted by Jules Buckley, and the New Orleans Jazz Orchestra, conducted by Adonis Rose. This album also features Grammy Award winner Lisa Fisher, Lizz Wright and Alice Smith. This project was Ledisi's third project released on her label in almost a year, and her 11th studio recording.


title: Ledisi

text: Ledisi has been nominated for fourteen career Grammy Awards, winning her first in the Best Traditional R&B Performance category for "Anything for You" in 2021.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Jacob Kai Murphy (born 24 February 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Newcastle United.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy made his first-team debut for Norwich City in an FA Cup match against Fulham in January 2014. He has also played on loan for Swindon Town, Southend United and Sheffield Wednesday. He is the twin brother of professional footballer Josh Murphy. The brothers are nephews of former Ipswich Town utility player Tommy Parkin.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy was born in Wembley, London. Along with his twin brother, Josh, he first played football together from the age of seven, and eventually they both joined Norwich City as under-12s in 2006. It was announced on 31 March 2011 that the duo were to join the club's academy ahead of a new season.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy was a part of the Norwich City youth team which won the 2012–13 FA Youth Cup. He signed his first professional contract for Norwich City on 4 January 2013. In December 2013, he signed a three-year contract with the club.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy made his professional debut in a FA Cup match against Fulham on 4 January 2014. Murphy made his first Norwich City appearance in the 2014–15 season, where he provided an assist for his twin brother, Josh, to score in a 3–1 win over Crawley Town in the second round of the League Cup.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: On 7 February 2014, he joined Swindon Town on loan which began on 8 February, and lasted until 8 March 2014 Murphy made his debut for the club on 8 February 2014, when he came on as a second-half substitute for Dany N'Guessan in a 3–2 win over Port Vale. After making six appearances, Murphy returned to Norwich City after Swindon Town delayed their decision to extend his loan.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: On 27 March 2014, Murphy joined League Two club Southend United on loan for the remainder of the 2013–14 season. He made his Southend debut days later, when he came on as a substitute and provided the winning goal in a 1–0 win over Torquay United. He scored his first goal for the club and provided an assist in a 3–1 win over Rochdale on 18 April 2014. He went on to make eight appearances for the club, including in the play-offs, but was unable to help the club get promoted to League One.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: On 3 November 2014, he joined Blackpool on loan until 2 February 2015. He scored on his debut two days later in a 2–2 draw with Fulham. He scored again on 22 November 2014, in a 1–1 draw with Bolton Wanderers. His performances at Blackpool earned him November's Wonga Player of the Month award. The following month, Murphy caused controversy when he posted an image on social media application Snapchat with the caption "We are going to lose... Again", which mocked the club's recent league form. Murphy issued an apology via the club's official website, admitting it was an unprofessional and foolish thing to do; however, Lee Clark vowed to investigate this matter before taking action. Blackpool cut short his loan deal on 31 December.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: After his loan spell at Blackpool came to an end, Murphy joined League One club Scunthorpe United on a month-long loan. Two days later on 10 January 2015, he made his Scunthorpe United debut, making his first start, where he provided an assist for Tom Hopper, who was also making his debut, in a 4–1 win over Walsall. After making three appearances for the club, Murphy's loan spell with Scunthorpe United came to an end.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy next joined League One club Colchester United on loan until the end of the season. He made his Colchester United debut on 14 March 2015 on the right wing, in a 3–2 loss to Crawley Town. He then scored in the next game against Yeovil Town on 17 March 2015, which Colchester won 2–0. He scored two goals in two games in three days against Port Vale and Barnsley. The last two games of the season saw Murphy scored in a 1–1 draw against Swindon Town and then helped the club survive relegation when they beat Preston North End.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy scored his first goal for Norwich in a 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers on 6 August 2016. His first full season at Norwich yielded 10 goals in 40 games, including nine in the league.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy signed for Newcastle United for an undisclosed fee on 19 July 2017. He cited Newcastle United as his boyhood team and stated that it was his dream to represent the club. Murphy's parents were born in the local area and he has family members from Newcastle's neighbouring town Gateshead. Murphy scored his first goal for Newcastle in a 3–1 loss to Manchester City on 20 January 2018.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: On 8 August 2019, Murphy joined Sheffield Wednesday on loan until the end of the season. Murphy ended his loan spell with nine goals from 39 league appearances for the Owls, ending the season as the club's second top scorer behind Steven Fletcher.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: Murphy was called up to the England U18s in October 2012 and made his debut in a 2–0 win over Italy U18s on 24 October 2012.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: In November 2012, Murphy was called up by England U19s. His debut came in a 1–0 win over Finland U19s on 13 November 2012.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: In late 2014, Murphy was called up by England U20s after his brother Josh withdrew from the squad and made his debut in a 3–2 win over Netherlands U20s on 14 October 2014.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: In 2017 Murphy was called up to the England U21s squad. In his first game he scored twice in a 3–0 win over Iceland U21s. Jacob Murphy scored his third goal for Englands U21s on 22 June 2017, when he came on as a substitute to score an overhead bicycle kick and put the U21s through to the semi finals of the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.


title: Jacob Murphy

text: The twins talked about their close bonds and being there for each other. Their parents and his younger brother live in Downham Market and run their Arbuckles restaurant, near Downham Market. Their father, John, works as an assistant principal at Downham Market Academy. While on the pitch, Chris Hughton, manager at the time, told the twins to wear different coloured boots so that he could tell them apart.


title: Cosmic latte

text: Cosmic latte is the average color of the universe, found by a team of astronomers from Johns Hopkins University (JHU). In 2002, Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry determined that the average color of the universe was a greenish white, but they soon corrected their analysis in a 2003 paper in which they reported that their survey of the light from over 200,000 galaxies averaged to a slightly beigeish white. The hex triplet value for cosmic latte is codice_1.


title: Cosmic latte

text: Finding the average color of the universe was not the focus of the study. Rather, the study examined spectral analysis of different galaxies to study star formation. Like Fraunhofer lines, the dark lines displayed in the study's spectral ranges display older and younger stars and allow Glazebrook and Baldry to determine the age of different galaxies and star systems. What the study revealed is that the overwhelming majority of stars formed about 5 billion years ago. Because these stars would have been "brighter" in the past, the color of the universe changes over time, shifting from blue to red as more blue stars change to yellow and eventually red giants.


title: Cosmic latte

text: As light from distant galaxies reaches the Earth, the average "color of the universe" (as seen from Earth) tends towards pure white, due to the light coming from the stars when they were much younger and bluer.


title: Cosmic latte

text: The corrected color was initially published on the Johns Hopkins News website and updated on the team's initial announcement. Multiple news outlets, including NPR and BBC, displayed the color in stories and some relayed the request by Glazebrook on the announcement asking for suggestions for names, jokingly adding all were welcome as long as they were not "beige".


title: Cosmic latte

text: Though Drum's suggestion of "cappuccino cosmico" received the most votes, the researchers favored Drum's other suggestion, "cosmic latte". "'" means "milk" in Italian, Galileo's native language, and the similar "'" means "milky", similar to the Italian term for the Milky Way, """". They enjoyed the fact that the color would be similar to the Milky Way's average color as well, as it is part of the sum of the universe. They also claimed to be "caffeine biased".


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural FIFA Club World Cup, the world club championship for men's club association football teams. It took place in Brazil from 5 January to 14 January 2000. FIFA as football's international governing body selected Brazil as the host nation on 8 June 1999 as the bid was found to be the strongest among four candidates. The draw was made at the Copacabana Palace in Rio de Janeiro on 14 October 1999. All matches were played in either Rio de Janeiro's Estádio do Maracanã or São Paulo's Estádio do Morumbi.


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: Eight teams, two from South America, two from Europe and one each from North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania entered the tournament. The first Club World Cup match took place in São Paulo, and saw Spanish club Real Madrid beat Saudi Arabian side Al Nassr 3–1; Real Madrid's Nicolas Anelka scored the first goal in Club World Cup history in the 21st minute. Later the same day, Corinthians goalkeeper Dida kept the first clean sheet in the tournament as his team beat Moroccan side Raja Casablanca 2–0.


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: Corinthians and Vasco da Gama each won their respective groups to qualify for the final. In front of a crowd of 73,000, the final finished as a 0–0 draw after extra time. The title was decided by a penalty shoot-out which Corinthians won 4–3.


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: As winners, Corinthians received $6 million in prize money, while Vasco da Gama received $5 million. Necaxa beat Real Madrid in the third-place play-off to claim $4 million. Real Madrid received $3 million, and the other remaining teams were awarded $2.5 million.


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: For a list of the squads at the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, see "2000 FIFA Club World Championship squads".


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: Eight referees were appointed from the six continental confederations, each along with an accompanying assistant referee.


title: 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

text: Matches were played in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The teams were organised in two groups of four teams, with the top team in each group going through to the final and the two second-placed teams contesting a third-place play-off.


title: Eventbrite

text: Eventbrite is an American event management and ticketing website. The service allows users to browse, create, and promote local events. The service charges a fee to event organizers in exchange for online ticketing services, unless the event is free.


title: Eventbrite

text: Launched in 2006 and headquartered in San Francisco, Eventbrite opened their first international office in the United Kingdom in 2012. The company has local offices in Nashville, London, Cork, Amsterdam, Dublin, Berlin, Melbourne, Mendoza, Madrid, and São Paulo.


title: Eventbrite

text: The company went public on the New York Stock Exchange on September 20, 2018 under the ticker symbol EB.


title: Eventbrite

text: Eventbrite was founded in 2006 by Kevin Hartz (Co-Founder and Executive Chairman) and Julia Hartz (Co-Founder and CEO) and Renaud Visage (Co-Founder and CTO). The company was the first major player in this market in the US.


title: Eventbrite

text: Prior to his position at the company, Kevin Hartz was involved with PayPal and was the Co-Founder and CEO of Xoom Corporation, an international money transfer company. Julia Hartz, wife of Kevin, was raised in Santa Cruz, CA. After studying broadcasting at Pepperdine University, she became a creative executive at FX Network in Los Angeles. Soon after the two became engaged, she moved to the Bay Area and helped co-found Eventbrite.


title: Eventbrite

text: On March 18, 2011 Eventbrite raised $50 million in Series E Financing led by Tiger Global. On April 22, 2013, Eventbrite raised another $60 million in growth capital financing led by Tiger Global, and including T. Rowe Price. On March 13, 2014, Eventbrite raised a private equity round of $60 million, and on September 1, 2017, the company raised $134 million in a Series G funding round. This brought their total funding to $334 million. Previous funding involved firms including Sequoia Capital, DAG Ventures and Tenaya Capital.


title: Eventbrite

text: In March 2017, Eventbrite purchased D.C.-based event tech startup Nvite for an undisclosed sum. On June 9, 2017 Eventbrite purchased Ticketfly from Pandora for $200 million. The acquisition was meant to strengthen Eventbrite's position in the live music market, but according to observers, executives were still struggling to integrate Ticketfly as of 2019.


title: Eventbrite

text: In April 2018, Eventbrite acquired the Spanish ticketing service Ticketea, citing its events discovery platform and "robust ecosystem of third-party integrations" as being advantageous. Later that month, Eventbrite was subjected to criticism over an update to its merchants' agreement, which specified that the service had the right to attend and record footage of any aspect of an event for any purpose, and that event organizers were "responsible for obtaining, at your own cost, all third party permissions, clearances, and licenses necessary to secure Eventbrite the permissions and rights [to do so]." Following public backlash, Eventbrite chose to remove the passage entirely. The company stated that it wanted the option to "work with individual organizers to secure video and photos at their events for marketing and promotional purposes", but admitted that the clauses were too broadly-worded.


title: Eventbrite

text: In August 2018, Picatic, a Vancouver-based ticketing and event registration platform, was acquired by Eventbrite.


title: Eventbrite

text: In April 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic which was causing a drastic drop in in-person events, Eventbrite laid off around 45% of its employees, which at that point numbered between 1,000 and 1,100. Reportedly, online events had amounted to less than 10% of the company's revenue in 2019.


title: Eventbrite

text: In November 2020, the company acquired ToneDen, a social media marketing service based in Los Angeles.


title: Eventbrite

text: On March 18, 2011, Eventbrite raised $50 million in Series E Financing led by Tiger Global. On April 22, 2013, Eventbrite raised another $60 million in growth capital financing led by Tiger Global, and including T. Rowe Price.


title: Eventbrite

text: On August 23, 2018, the company filed for a $200 million IPO. The company's biggest shareholder is Tiger Global Management with Sequoia Capital and the Hartzs also owning significant shares.


title: Eventbrite

text: The Trustpilot rating for the UK is just 1.3, revealing a high level of customer dissatisfaction, and there are multiple allegations of poor business practice.


title: Abraham Piper

text: Abraham Piper is a serial entrepreneur and artist living in Minneapolis. He is the son of Reformed preacher and writer John Piper.


title: Abraham Piper

text: At age 19 he was excommunicated from his father's church after he rejected the faith. He was restored to membership four years later, but later rejected the faith again.


title: Abraham Piper

text: He started the popular news aggregator 22 Words in 2008. He founded the media company Brainjolt in 2014, which owns 22 Words and several other internet companies. In 2017, he told CNBC Brainjolt was expected to have $30 million in annual revenue. In 2019, he started a premium jigsaw puzzle company called Blue Kazoo.


title: Abraham Piper

text: In November 2020, he began posting TikTok videos, which included posts critical of his Evangelical upbringing. His TikTok following was 1.7 million in December 2021.


title: Need You Tonight

text: "Need You Tonight" is a song by the Australian rock band INXS, released as the first single from their 1987 album, "Kick", as well as the fourth song on the album. It is the only INXS single to reach No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It also achieved their highest charting position in the United Kingdom, where the song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart; however, this peak was only reached after a re-release of the single in November 1988. On its first run on the UK charts in October 1987, it stalled at No. 58. It was one of the last songs recorded for the album, yet it would arguably become the band's signature song.


title: Need You Tonight

text: In February 2014, after the Channel 7 screening of the "" mini-series, "Need You Tonight" charted again in Australia via download sales. It peaked at No. 28 on the ARIA Singles Chart. In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time, "Need You Tonight" was ranked number 69.


title: Need You Tonight

text: In INXS's official autobiography, "INXS: Story to Story", Andrew Farriss said that the famous riff to the song appeared suddenly in his head while waiting for a cab to go to the airport to fly to Hong Kong. He asked the cab driver to wait a couple of minutes while he grabbed something from his motel room. In reality, he went up to record the riff and came back down an hour later with a tape to a very annoyed driver.


title: Need You Tonight

text: The song is a much more electronic track than most of the band's material before or after, combining sequencers with regular drum tracks and a number of tracks of layered guitars. To approximate the sound on the recorded track, the band often utilizes click tracks for a frequent synthesizer chord as well as rim shots heard throughout the song.


title: Need You Tonight

text: On the "Kick" album, the song is linked to the next song, which is entitled either "Mediate" or "Meditate", depending on the pressing of the album. On some compilations, the two tunes appear together and on others, only "Need You Tonight" appears (rarely, if ever, has "Mediate" appeared on its own).


title: Need You Tonight

text: The music video combined live action and different kinds of animation. Directed by Richard Lowenstein, the video was actually "Need You Tonight / Mediate", as it combined two songs from the album. Lowenstein claimed that the particular visual effects in "Need You Tonight" were created by cutting up 35mm film and photocopying the individual frames, before re-layering those images over the original footage.


title: Need You Tonight

text: For "Mediate", it segues into a tribute to Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues". The members flip cue cards with words from the song; the last one displays the words "Sax Solo," at which point Kirk Pengilly starts a saxophone solo. Beneath the lyric "a special date" in the "Mediate" portion of the video, the cue card shown reads "9-8-1945" which in Australian date format is 9 August 1945, the date which the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.


title: Need You Tonight

text: The video won five MTV Video Music Awards including 1988 Video of The Year and was ranked at number twenty-one on MTV's countdown of the 100 greatest videos of all time.


title: Need You Tonight

text: Rogue Traders covered and remixed "Need You Tonight" and released it as a single in Australia. The song was renamed "One of My Kind", where it reached No. 10 on the Australian Top 100 Singles Chart, becoming their first top-10 hit. "One of My Kind" is the second single released by the Rogue Traders for their debut album "We Know What You're Up To".


title: Need You Tonight

text: The music video is set in a dance party where the lizard on the single cover wanders around looking for a girl of his kind. He finds one looking lonely. The two sit together and he sings the line 'you're one of my kind' before the video ends.


title: Need You Tonight

text: The Sam Bennetts and Rising Sun Pictures directed music video was nominated for Best Video at the ARIA Music Awards of 2003.


title: Need You Tonight

text: The single spent 15 weeks on the ARIA Charts, nine of which were in the top 50. The single also topped the ARIA Club and Dance charts.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Jonathan Keith "Jack" Idema (May 30, 1956January 21, 2012) was an American mercenary and former United States Army reserve non-commissioned officer, known for his vigilante activities during the War in Afghanistan.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Formerly a member of the U.S. Army Special Forces, Idema never saw combat and left the military in 1984 to form several companies centered around counterterrorism and internal security. Idema made numerous unverified claims about his military service and supposed terrorist threats, and experienced several lawsuits over various feuds.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In September 2004, Idema was found guilty of running an unlawful and unsanctioned private prison in Afghanistan and torturing Afghan citizens. At the time, Idema had been falsely portraying himself as a U.S. government-sponsored special forces operative on a mission to apprehend terrorists. The U.S. government repeatedly denied most of his claims.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema served three years of a ten-year sentence. He was released early by Afghanistan's then-president Hamid Karzai in April 2007, and left Afghanistan in early June for Mexico, where he died of AIDS in late January 2012.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema was raised in Poughkeepsie, New York, graduating from high school there in 1974. His father, former Marine and World War II veteran H. John Idema, believed that his son was a "dedicated American". H. John Idema died in November 2008.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema enlisted in the U.S. Army in February 1975. Two years after his enlistment, in 1977, he trained and qualified for the United States Army Special Forces.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The nature of Idema's military service in the Special Forces is contentious. Tod Robberson of "The Dallas Morning News" claimed that there was a discrepancy between what Idema claimed his military experience was and what is stated in his official military record. Idema repeatedly stated that he acquired 12 years of Special Forces service, 22 years of combat training, and 18 years of covert operations experience. However, per official records, Idema's military career was short and contained several reports of poor performance, with no recorded combat experience.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: According to his military record obtained in the course of his 1994 fraud trial, after serving one term in the Special Forces, Idema was not allowed to reenlist, likely due to poor performance. He had received numerous negative remarks from superior officers, in addition to participating in three non-judicial punishment proceedings between April 29, 1976 and April 28, 1977. Idema was cited for "failure to obey orders, being derelict in the performance of his duty, and being disrespectful to a superior commanding officer." One superior officer, Captain John D. Carlson, stated that Idema was "without a doubt the most unmotivated, unprofessional, immature enlisted man I have ever known."


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema was given an honorable discharge and allowed to join the United States Army Reserve 11th Special Forces Group working to provide logistical support. In a November 1, 1980 letter of reprimand, Major Paul R. Decker wrote that Idema "consistently displayed an attitude of noncooperation with persons outside his immediate working environment, disregard for authority and gross immaturity characterized by irrationality and a tendency toward violence." In January 1981, Idema was relieved of his Army Reserve duties; his last position was the assistant sergeant of operations and intelligence. After leaving the Army Reserves, he became a member of the Individual Ready Reserve until he left the military completely in 1984.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Several years after he left the Army, Idema became involved in the paintball business, opening a paintball supply and equipment company in Fayetteville, North Carolina, named Idema Combat Systems. He later segued that business into a paramilitary clothier and supply company operating under the same name.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Sometime in the early 1980s Idema founded Counterr Group (also known as US Counter-Terrorist Group), a business entity which, according to its website, specializes in expert training for counter-terrorism, assault tactics, and other security-related services. Counterr Group's legal status and ownership is questionable; according to a "Soldier of Fortune" article published in 2004, Idema is mentioned as the owner. The company website lists an address in North Carolina, but there is no record of the company's registration in that state. However, a company called "Counter Group, Inc." was incorporated in 1997 by William L. London, a lawyer who represented Idema in several lawsuits. The status for this company is listed as "suspended" as of 2004.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Counterr Group Academy was operational for at least ten years, from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. It was based at a small airstrip south of Route 199 in Red Hook, New York. There were several permanent staff, as well as visiting staff, all under the direction of Keith Idema. At least ten formal courses of training were offered. These included basic firearm safety, offered to the general public, as well as pistol, rifle and shotgun programs in both assault and combat roles, offered only to active military servicemen and police. Rappelling, both with and without a firearm component, was offered at the on-ground rappelling tower. The facilities included both interior and exterior "Hogan's Alley" style environments, equipped with reactive targets. Courses consisted of both classroom study and field exercises.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: All advanced training was in a live-fire environment. Combat and assault courses lasted for three days. Trainees, up to 20 per course, lived and slept on the premises. Nighttime courses were conducted with starlight scopes.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The only company in North Carolina registered to Jonathan Idema is Idema Combat Systems, which, according to state records, was incorporated in January 1991 and dissolved in July 1994. The websites for Counter Group are registered to Thomas R. Bumback, a business associate of Idema's who is believed to be the company's current director. There is a record of Counterr Group being formed in Poughkeepsie, New York in 1983, but the company is listed as "inactive."


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema also owned a company called Special Operations Exposition and Trade Show Inc., which hosted organized conventions for military equipment suppliers.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: There are two other known companies, Isabeau Dakota, Inc. and Star America Aviation Company, Ltd., that have connections to Idema. The latter claims to be an aviation support company founded in July 2008 with operations based out of Dubai. Both companies are registered to William "Skip" London in North Carolina, but Isabeau Dakota is listed as a shell company; its last annual report, filed in 2002, identifies H. John Idema (Idema's father) of Poughkeepsie as president and sole officer, and it lists no significant assets or business activity. The website for Star America Aviation is also registered to Bumback and the websites for Counterr Group and Star America Aviation are very similar, including the use of imagery depicting Idema in Afghanistan and prior to his arrest.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema's Afghan charity Northern Alliance Assistance in Fayetteville, North Carolina was later listed as a dog kennel.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In addition to his occasional entrepreneurial pursuits, Idema had a substantial criminal record. Over the years, Idema was charged with impersonating an officer, conspiracy, passing bad checks, assault, possession of stolen property, and discharging a firearm into a dwelling. In January 1994, Idema was arrested and charged with 58 counts of wire fraud, having allegedly defrauding 59 companies of about $260,000. He was convicted of the charges, sentenced to six years in prison (paroled after having served three years) and was subsequently ordered to pay restitution.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema was also involved in multiple lawsuits, including suits against journalists, an aid worker, a colonel, his father, and the U.S. government. A prominent lawsuit filed by Idema against Steven Spielberg and Dreamworks Studios contended that Idema was the basis of a character in the 1997 Dreamworks film "The Peacemaker". The claim was dismissed, and Idema was ordered to pay $267,079 in legal fees.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: On August 15, 2001, a jury awarded Idema $781,818 for property damage and $1 million for punitive damages. The award came after a jury decided that a property manager improperly sold some of his belongings while Idema was serving his fraud sentence. Two property managers were hired by Idema to take care of a building that housed equipment for two of his businesses, Special Operations Exposition and Trade Show Inc., and Idema Combat Systems. According to the lawsuit, equipment was missing, damaged or destroyed, and holes were punched in the walls of the building. Idema sued both property managers and their wives on April 10, 2000, but everyone except for one property manager was later dropped from the suit. Idema never collected the $1.8 million because the property manager that was found liable declared bankruptcy, and Idema settled for $650,000 that he obtained through lawsuits filed against insurance carriers. Idema's father was the insured.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In June 2005, an investigator sued Idema alleging that he wasn't paid when Idema won the $1.8 million lawsuit. The investigator claimed that Idema orally agreed to pay 15% of any amount collected, he also claimed that Idema failed to pay court reporters, expert witnesses, and others who helped him with his case.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In 1993 Idema was contracted to train police forces in Lithuania. After his return, he contacted officials from both the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), claiming to have uncovered a conspiracy by the Russian mafia to smuggle nuclear materials out of Lithuania. According to Idema, FBI agents demanded he provide the names of his contacts. He refused, claiming that the FBI was infiltrated by KGB agents and that his sources would have been killed.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: It was around this time that Idema was being investigated for wire fraud and eventually convicted in 1994. The FBI began their investigation into Idema's activities as early as May 1991, before he even approached the FBI about Lithuania.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Illegal entry into Afghanistan was one of the charges leveled against Idema and two other Americans accompanying him, former soldier Brent Bennett and television journalist Edward Caraballo. That charge was eventually dropped.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema first traveled to Afghanistan in November 2001 to conduct what he said was "humanitarian aid" work, when he was actually working for the National Geographic Channel with Gary Scurka. It was at this time that he involved himself in the research Robin Moore was conducting for his book "The Hunt for Bin Laden".


title: Jonathan Idema

text: According to Scurka, a reporter for CBS News, Idema contacted him a few weeks after the September 11 attacks and announced he was going to Afghanistan to do humanitarian aid work with Knightsbridge International and the Partners International Foundation, two aid groups run by former military personnel. This led to Scurka and Idema presenting a film documentary project for National Geographic.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema, Scurka, and Greg Long (a member of the Partners International Foundation) traveled to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where they were arrested for visa problems and held in a cell overnight. The three were freed after their captors received a letter from the U.S. embassy in Uzbekistan, written by an officer in the Defense Attaché's Office, describing Idema and Scurka as "contracting officers from the Defense Department who arrived in Uzbekistan for an official trip." The letter, which was verified as authentic by the director of the Department of State's press office, was dated November 2, 2001, and asked Uzbekistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs for help in issuing visas to Idema, Gary Scurka, and Greg Long.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema then joined the Partners International Foundation at the same time Scurka received a National Geographic assignment to produce a documentary on humanitarian aid work in Afghanistan. A memo signed by the president of the National Geographic Channel says Scurka would be going to Afghanistan with Knightsbridge International, and the leader of Knightsbridge, Edward Artis, would be working with Idema. Artis was sued by Idema.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Author Robert Young Pelton believes that Idema then used those letters and what appeared to be a falsified or modified military ID. Idema claimed he had a visa similar to those carried by U.S. Army Special Forces to convince the Afghan commanders and other people of his official status.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: After Idema entered Afghanistan, both humanitarian organizations quickly became wary of Idema's intentions. In December 2001, Artis wrote to the U.S. Army Special Operations Command warning them of Idema's activities, stating:


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema later filed suit against Artis and Knightsbridge, but the case was dismissed and a monetary judgement was in turn placed against him.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema led a group he called "Task Force Saber 7", consisting of two other Americans and several Afghans. The group may have been operating in Afghanistan with independent financial backing or with funds from the lawsuit settlements Idema had won a few years earlier. He frequently interacted with reporters, often going to great lengths in his interviews to stress connections with the CIA and Special Forces. Some supporters suggest that he was a former member of an unspecified covert operations unit, reactivated and positioned in Afghanistan to hunt for Osama bin Laden as part of Alec Station. A relationship to the Northern Alliance was denied by their official representative in the United States.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Some critics of Idema claim that his attempts to create a high profile with the media make it unlikely that Idema was officially connected with any branch of the military; covert operatives go to great lengths to avoid public appearances and media, and are barred from unauthorized contact. The fact that Caraballo, who was not a soldier, was with Idema in Afghanistan to document his activities strained credibility that Idema was operating covertly.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema was known to have a volatile temper that seemed to be particularly directed against news correspondents assigned to Kabul. On several occasions, Idema threatened journalists with bodily harm or death, and in one particular instance, at a dinner in December 2001, he threatened to kill a reporter from "Stars and Stripes" because the reporter had disclosed Idema's fraud conviction.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: It has been recorded that Idema frequently contacted the DoD through the front office of General William G. Boykin in the Pentagon, and that his information was duly acknowledged. However, all of those contacts were outside the U.S. military operating channels, and were all one-sided calls from Afghanistan via Idema's personal satellite phone. Boykin's office repeatedly asked Idema to stop making these unsolicited phone calls, because they were disruptive and time-consuming, and Boykin could not be of assistance. Idema continued calling Boykin's office anyway to establish some sort of self-serving relationship until his arrest. While the U.S. government was aware of Idema's activities in Afghanistan, they stated there was unequivocally no relationship between them.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The United States Central Command stated that International Security Assistance Force forces received one detainee from Idema on May 3, 2004. Idema claimed that the individual was associated with the Taliban. Once in ISAF custody however, the detainee was determined not to be who Idema claimed, and was released in the first week of July.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The United States was not the only government that had contact with Idema in Afghanistan. On three occasions, Idema tricked the Canadian-led NATO mission into providing explosives experts and bomb-sniffing dogs. According to a spokesman for the ISAF, Idema called for and received technical support after his vigilante team raided compounds on the 20th, 22nd, and 24th of June 2004. ISAF personnel believed they were "providing legitimate support to a legitimate security agency."


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema also received assistance from Yunus Qanuni, former minister, senior Afghan government security advisor, and influential member of the Northern Alliance. In one video tape presented at Idema's trial, Qanuni thanked Idema for uncovering an assassination plot against him and volunteered his personal security forces to help Idema with arrests. Another tape appeared to show Qanuni's security troops assisting Idema in a house raid.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In perhaps the most terse assessment of Idema's alleged involvement in Operation Enduring Freedom, Billy Waugh, senior CIA covert operative and decorated former Special Forces member who was part of the Agency-run "Jawbreaker" team, said:


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema and his associates Brent Bennett and Edward Caraballo were arrested on July 5, 2004 by Afghan police during a raid in which they found eight Afghan men, some hanging from their feet, bound and hooded in detention. The arrest of Idema occurred only about three months after "60 Minutes II" broke the story about the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema claimed to have had private contact with Lieutenant General Boykin and several other senior Pentagon officials, and at his trial introduced taped conversations with staff of General Boykin's office, although not directly with Boykin himself. In the conversations, the staff members said that they would pass Idema's information along to proper authorities. However, the judge stated that the videos were "inconclusive" and that he lacked concrete, documentary evidence. American Embassy officials stated that as far as they knew, neither Mr. Idema nor anyone in his group was working for a government agency, and the military issued statements saying Idema was impersonating government or military officials and did not represent either.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: He further tried to prove his official status when he claimed to be working for the US Counter Terrorism Group, the same group that some sources say he founded. He claimed his group had prevented assassination attempts on Education Minister Yunus Qanuni and Defense Minister Marshal Mohammad Qasim Fahim. He also claimed the FBI interrogated several militants captured by his group and that after his arrest, the FBI removed from his premises hundreds of videos, photos, and documents. Some of the pieces were later returned to Idema and his defense team.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The DoD's only official contact with Idema was accepting one prisoner who was held for a month by the U.S. military, but added that officials declined his offer to work with the government in capturing terror suspects in Afghanistan. In early 2004, Idema was in contact with Heather Anderson, the Pentagon's Acting Director of Security. Anderson was under the supervision of the chief official responsible for intelligence matters in Donald Rumsfeld's office. Idema told the Afghan court that Anderson commended his work, but Anderson said she later turned down Idema's request to work in Afghanistan for the Pentagon. Idema continued to contact Anderson's office in hopes of establishing a relationship.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema, Caraballo and Bennett were charged with entering the country illegally, running a private prison, and torture. John Tiffany served as Idema's attorney. During the trial, Idema charged that he, Caraballo, and Bennett were being beaten while in Afghan custody; however, U.S. authorities stated the men were being treated humanely.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: On 15 September 2004, a three-judge Afghan panel headed by Judge Abdul Baset Bakhtyari sentenced both Idema and Bennett to a ten-year prison term, while Caraballo received eight years. Idema and Bennett's sentences were later cut to five and three respectively. Caraballo claimed he was filming Idema and Bennett for a documentary on counterterrorism. Four Afghans working with Idema were sentenced to between one and five years imprisonment.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Caraballo was later pardoned by President Hamid Karzai and returned to the United States. Bennett was released early for good behavior on September 30, 2006.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Caraballo's lawyer said that the day before Caraballo left Afghanistan, Caraballo and Bennett lived in a filthy 6x8 ft. cell with four suspected Al-Qaeda members; the American prisoners were moved to a different prison for better protection. In a more recent assessment, the cell in which the prisoners lived was described as "posh".


title: Jonathan Idema

text: On April 10, 2007, the Associated Press reported that Idema would soon be released from prison and then sent back to the United States, and that the Afghan government had granted him amnesty. However, under the amnesty that commuted his sentence he was effectively released on April 4.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema refused to leave the prison, first demanding that his passport, personal effects, and documents that he claimed proves his official connection with the U.S. government, be returned to him. According to him, he was owed compensation for $500,000 worth of equipment, mostly computers, weapons, and cameras, that was confiscated by the Afghan government when he was arrested. Having obtained through the offices of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul a new passport and money to apply for a visa to India, Idema insisted that his belongings be returned and that a pet dog previously owned by Bennett be allowed to travel with him.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema also filed another lawsuit against the U.S. government, reaffirming allegations initially made in 2005 that he and his associates had been illegally imprisoned, except now with the additional claim that he had been tortured. According to U.S. District Judge Emmet G. Sullivan, "Petitioners allege that United States officials ordered their arrest, ordered their torture, stole exculpatory evidence during their trial and appeal, exerted undue influence over Afghan judges, and either directly or indirectly ordered judges who found petitioners innocent not to release petitioners from prison." This was a shift from the earlier strategy on the part of Idema to exonerate himself on the basis that he was acting on a Pentagon-approved mission. Instead the focus was on the trial itself, specifically whether or not due process was observed, with the added claim of being a torture victim. In both instances Idema accused the U.S. government of deliberately withholding information.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Judge Sullivan subsequently ordered the FBI and the Department of State to answer the allegations. Attorneys from the United States Department of Justice requested the case be dismissed on the grounds that Idema's sentence had been commuted. Idema's lawyer said the government coordinated Idema's amnesty to avoid having to respond to allegations of misconduct.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema's allegations of withheld evidence were originally made during his Afghan trial in 2004. When the men were arrested in early July, the tapes were confiscated by the FBI. Caraballo's lawyer, Michael Skibbie, claimed that he was only allowed to access a portion of the tapes weeks after he requested access. Several of the tapes were used; however, Skibbie said several important tapes were damaged, missing or partly erased after the FBI took custody of them. Some of the footage Skibbie obtained was shown in court. The court tapes showed Idema being greeted at an airport by high-ranking Afghan officials, Idema being thanked by Qanuni, security forces working with Idema, captured suspects confessing during interrogation, and ISAF forces helping Idema.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: While these proceedings were being conducted, Idema said that another reason he had not left was because he feared for his life, ostensibly at the hands of the Afghan government, saying "I could drive through the Policharki gates right now. Then what happens? I get arrested. [The intelligence service] will arrest me for not having an Afghan visa and they'll torture me and kill me. If I'm lucky, I'm only going to be tortured." On June 2, 2007, Idema left the prison and was immediately flown out of the country.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: After leaving Afghanistan, Idema moved to Mexico to become a proprietor of Blue Lagoon Boat Tours out of Bacalar, on the Yucatán Peninsula, under the name of "Black Jack". He was charged by his former girlfriend Penny Alesi of infecting her with HIV when he knew he had the disease. His arrest warrant and publicity surrounding charges were picked up by Mexican and American media.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Although he was known to engage in sexual relations with men and transvestites, he claimed to have had nine wives, according to Alesi, although only one of them may have been legal. At his death, he was listed as having no immediate survivors.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: According to his father's obituary notice, Idema described as a "Green Beret with an organization involved in the War on Terror."


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema had some success convincing members of the media that he was a terrorism expert. This allowed him to secure interviews and in some instances get his "terrorism videos" broadcast on television. After indicating to journalists that he had the videos in his possession, he would usually agree to provide them in exchange for money. Since Idema's questionable history has come to light, the news media has been criticized for its willingness to distribute any content or information coming from him.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: At the center of the controversy is Idema's claim that he was in Afghanistan on behalf of the U.S. government and that he was an advisor to the Northern Alliance. At other times, Idema told people he was in Afghanistan doing humanitarian work or that he was a "security consultant" for journalists. He also actively sought media attention for himself and his activities, to the point of offering interviews in return for payment, even though he himself said he was operating covertly.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Many believe Idema to be a con artist or impostor, based on his refusal or inability to demonstrate verifiable proof for his claims, on legal records that contradict his assertions about his background, as well as on a prior conviction for mail fraud and a history of criminal activity. Some have suggested that he may also be delusional in having concocted a fantasy-type personality for himself as a highly trained covert operative combating international terrorism, despite a brief and mostly non-notable military record (which states that Idema was in the Special Forces strictly in a support capacity). This opinion was echoed by Major Scott Nelson, the U.S. military spokesperson in Kabul at the time of Idema's arrest in 2004. The judge in Idema's 1994 fraud trial also questioned Idema's psychological state and ordered him to undergo evaluation prior to his sentencing. The report said that while he was not "mentally ill", Idema had a "personality disorder which would affect his interaction with persons exhibiting similar traits, such as supervisors, attorneys, doctors, judges and other persons in positions of power or authority."


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In the early 1990s, claimed that he had learned the Russian mafia planned to smuggle nuclear weapons out of Russia, that he participated in covert operations in Latin America, and that a soldier he parachuted out of airplanes accompanied by his bomb-sniffing dog Sarge, who he intended to clone.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema was not without supporters, usually found among blogs sympathetic to his situation. The contributors to these blogs believed that he was being unjustly punished for actions condoned, if not officially sanctioned, by the U.S. military. However, there has been little support for Idema's claims in general media outlets. Indeed, many members of the media who encountered Idema while they were on assignment in Afghanistan regard him as a fraud.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: In 1995, while Idema was awaiting sentencing for fraud charges, he agreed to provide information to CBS News about the nuclear materials smuggling plot he allegedly uncovered. Gary Scurka produced a "60 Minutes" piece entitled "The Worst Nightmare", based in part on Idema's account. According to Scurka, the network declined to credit Idema during the broadcast because of the fraud conviction, even though he was a major source for the story. A CBS spokesperson claimed that the story took 6 months to fully investigate, by which time it was very different from the one Idema gave. Both the "60 Minutes" story and a companion piece published in "U.S. News & World Report" received the Renner Award for Outstanding Crime Reporting.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The lack of credit given to Idema prompted Scurka and Caraballo to begin making a documentary film with the working title, "Any Lesser Man: The Keith Idema Story". According to promotional materials, the documentary was to be "the real story of one lone Green Beret's private war against KGB Nuclear Smuggling, Soviet spies, Arab terrorists, and the FBI." It was never completed.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema and Scurka again worked together as consultants for the "48 Hours" story about Colonel George Marecek, a highly decorated Special Forces soldier accused and later convicted of murdering his wife. The two were fired from the project because they were determined to be taking an advocacy role for the defense. They opened a "Free Marecek" office in the town where the trial was taking place. In December 2000, "48 Hours" ran the story on Marecek which included material from Idema, and Scurka's research. Idema also took a leading part in the formation of Point Blank News to support Marecek.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: On the day following the attacks, Idema gave an interview as a "counterterrorism adviser" to KTTV, the Fox network affiliate in Los Angeles. During his news appearance, he claimed that the hijackers might have seized three Canadian jetliners, in addition to four American planes.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema sold tapes to many publishers that he claimed showed an Al-Qaeda training camp in action. The tapes showed men in camouflaged tunics and ski masks storming buildings, practicing drive-by shootings, and attacking golf courses. CBS bought the right to broadcast the tapes before any other network. They were used in a "60 Minutes II" episode called "Heart of Darkness" in January 2002. CBS presented Idema and the tapes he supplied as reliable.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema made more money from the same tapes when he sold the rights to rebroadcast the Al-Qaeda training camp footage with still pictures to "The Boston Globe", MSNBC, NBC, ABC, BBC, and others.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: The authenticity of the several hours of tape is disputed because the supposed tactics shown are not used by Al-Qaeda. The "Al-Qaeda" fighters shown in the footage also occasionally communicated in English and laughed, providing credence to the notion that the tapes were staged. Some major outlets, including NBC Nightly News and CNN, declined to broadcast the tapes due to credibility concerns.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Al-Qaeda itself appears to have used some of Idema's footage in their September 2008 video release. In a segment released by ABC, Idema appears "to threaten to kill an Afghan citizen during an interrogation." Al Qaeda claims to have "captured" the footage from Idema, but its provenance remains unclear.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Idema sought to show that he had inside knowledge of Al-Qaeda's collaboration with state governments. For instance, he made suggestions that there was collaboration among North Korea, several Middle-Eastern countries, and Al-Qaeda, and that was ample evidence linking "Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia to Al-Qaeda and to the attacks on September 11," and that in Afghanistan, the link between Iraq and Al-Qaeda was "common knowledge." He also said that Iraq under Saddam Hussein was a supporter of Al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations "with money, with equipment, with technology, with weapons of mass destruction." He also claimed to have firsthand knowledge of nuclear weapons being smuggled from Russia to Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: An Al-Qaeda video released in September 2009 appears to contain video clips of Idema torturing an Afghan by dunking his head in a bucket of water. This footage was used to make the case that the U.S. is involved in torture in Afghanistan, despite the U.S. government denying Idema worked for them.


title: Jonathan Idema

text: Documents released under FOIA show that the Department of Justice and FBI had been operating an active investigation of Idema as-from 2005.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Cem Bölükbaşı (; born 9 February 1998) is a Turkish racing driver and former sim racer who last competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship for Charouz Racing System.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Bölükbaşı started motocross racing at the age of 5, and won the Turkish Championship a year later. Starting his professional career in esports in 2017, he joined G2 Esports FA Racing and competed in several Formula One eSports Series. He also won the inaugural championship of the Formula Renault Esport Series in 2020.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Making a switch back to real cars in May 2019, Bölükbaşı started racing in the GT4 European Series, and made his open-wheeler debut in October the same year in Formula Renault Eurocup. Throughout the first months of 2021, he competed in the F3 Asian Championship and finished as the runner-up in the rookie standings. He competed part-time in the 2021 Euroformula Open Championship and won twice. After testing Formula 2 cars at the end of 2021, he was picked to drive in the 2022 Formula 2 Championship with Charouz Racing System.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Realizing his passion for speed when he was only 6 years old, his father took him to the motocross track. He began to compete in motocross when he was 5 years old, and won the Turkish Championship at the age of 6.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In 2022, Bölükbaşı said that his favourite Formula One driver is Fernando Alonso, adding that Alonso "as a person and his movements on track" made the Spanish driver interesting to him.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In late 2017, he was selected to join G2 Esports FA Racing, in which he would compete in various simracing competitions throughout 2018. Bölükbaşı raced for McLaren in the 2017 Formula One eSports Series, which he finished 5th in the standings with 35 points and a race win under his name. In the 2018 Formula One eSports Series, he switched to Toro Rosso and participated in 4 out of the 10 races, finishing 12th with 32 points. In the 2019 Formula One eSports Series, he participated in 9 out of the 12 races, finishing 21st with 4 points. During the 2020 lockdowns, Bölükbaşı competed in several virtual races, including winning the inaugural championship of the Formula Renault Esport Series.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In May 2019, Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport announced that Bölükbaşı would race in the 2019 GT4 European Series. He was able to get a second-place finish in the Misano round and finished the championship in 17th overall. Bölükbaşı continued to race in the series full-time in 2020. He got 3 pole positions and 3 race wins and finished the season overall 2nd.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Bölükbaşı made his Formula debut in the 2019 Formula Renault Eurocup with M2 Competition. As a guest driver he raced only in the Hockenheim round, finishing 16th in race 1 and retiring from the second race.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In January 2021, BlackArts Racing announced that Bölükbaşı would drive for the team in the 2021 F3 Asian Championship. He scored points in 13 of the 15 races and with a best race result of 5th, finished 9th in the overall standings.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: He also raced in the rebranded 2022 season, this time with Evans GP. Bölükbaşı retired from all three races in round 1, with the crash in race 3 causing major damage to the rear of his car. The damage could not be repaired until the second round the week after, causing him to miss all three races. In early February, just before round 3, Bölükbaşı announced that he would not continue racing in the series, as his chances of getting FIA Super Licence points were slim.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: On 3 July 2021, it was announced that Bölükbaşı would join the 2021 Euroformula Open Championship with Van Amersfoort Racing. He made his debut in the series during the fourth round at Hungaroring. He won the first race in the round, becoming the first esport driver to win a race in formula series. Bölükbaşı also finished third in the second race. The third race was run on a wet track, and he finished in 7th place.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In round 5 at Imola, he qualified third. In race 1, he ran in second place before making a mistake with three laps to go and finished third. In race 2, he started 4th as positions in the top 6 were reversed. He got into third after the start, but was later overtaken by Jak Crawford, and finished the race in 4th place. Bölükbaşı started race 3 in 7th, but collided with teammate Rafael Villagómez, causing both of them to retire.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: Round 6 was at the Red Bull Ring, where Bölükbaşı started race 1 in 4th. He fell back to 5th at the start and finished the race in that position. However, he was promoted back into 4th after a post-race penalty for Reshad de Gerus. He started race 2 in third, and finished in second place behind Nazim Azman. He finished the final race of the round in 6th place. In round 7 at Monza, he started race 1 in 10th, and finished in third place, as well as getting the fastest lap. Race 2 was ran in wet conditions, and Bölükbaşı finished in second place. In race 3, he crossed the line first, but was given a three-second time penalty for cutting a corner, which demoted him to second.


title: Cem Bölükbaşı

text: In round 8 at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Bölükbaşı qualified on pole and led the race until the finish, winning his second race in the series. In race 2, he started 6th and got into 4th after the start, and finished the race in that position. He started race 3 in 5th, and also finished in 4th place. Bölükbaşı finished the season 5th in the overall standings, despite missing the first three rounds.