title: Adder stone

text: Although not named as Glain Neidr, magic stones with the properties of adder stones appear frequently in Welsh mythology and folklore. The "Mabinogion", translated into English in the mid-nineteenth century by Lady Charlotte Guest, mentions such stones on two occasions. In the story of Peredur son of Efrawg (Percival of the Arthurian cycle), in a departure from Chrétien de Troyes' "Perceval, the Story of the Grail", Peredur is given a magical stone that allows him to see and kill an invisible creature called the Addanc. In another tale, "Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain" (Ywain of Arthurian legend), the hero Owain mab Urien is trapped in the gatehouse of a castle. He is given a stone by a maiden, which turns Owain invisible, allowing him to escape capture.


title: Adder stone

text: In Russian folklore, adder stones were believed to be the abodes of spirits called Kurinyi Bog ("The Chicken God"). Kurinyi Bog were the guardians of chickens, and their stones were placed into farmyards to counteract the possible evil effects of the Kikimora (The wives of the Domovoi, the house spirits.) Kikimora, who also guarded and took care of chickens, could often unleash misery upon hens they did not like by plucking out their feathers.


title: Adder stone

text: In the seaside town Hastings there is a local legend that the town is under an enchantment known as Crowley's Curse, said to have been conjured by Aleister Crowley who lived in Hastings at the end of his life. The curse compells anyone who has lived in Hastings to always return, no matter how far away they move, or for how long. The curse can only be broken by taking a stone with a hole running through it from Hastings beach.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: The 2014–15 season was Arsenal's 23rd season in the Premier League and 96th consecutive season in the top flight of English football. This season Arsenal participated in the Premier League, FA Cup, League Cup, Community Shield and the UEFA Champions League. In the League an inconsistent first half of the season ended any realistic hopes for the title as Arsenal only won two out of their first eight games, with numerous injuries to important players. At one stage, Arsenal were as low as eighth heading into early December. In the second half of the season their form recovered massively, which included an eight-game winning run between February and April.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: In Europe, despite being widely expected to reach the quarter-finals, being favourites in the Round of 16 tie against AS Monaco, Arsenal surprisingly losing the first leg 3–1, a scoreline which ultimately proved fatal over the course of the tie as despite a 2–0 away win, Arsenal were knocked out via away goals in the Round of 16 for the fifth consecutive year. However, Arsenal reclaimed the FA Cup, thus becoming the most successful club in the history of the competition with twelve wins, comfortably beating Aston Villa 4–0 in the final. Arsenal finished the league season in third, thereby qualifying directly to Champions league group stage and avoiding the Champions League qualifier, something Arsène Wenger was keen to avoid as he felt it had a negative impact on competing for the Premier League title, which was the primary target set by the players, manager and coaching staff, going into the next season.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: There were changes with both kit manufacturers and ticket prices with Arsenal this season as it marked the inaugural season in which the kits were manufactured by German sportswear company Puma, after a 20-year association with Nike came to an end. The deal was worth an estimated £170 million over five years in a deal that will become the most lucrative kit manufacturer deal in English football to date. Arsenal had announced the partnership with Puma will be effective from 1 July 2014. In addition, Arsenal announced an increase in their ticket prices of 3% in line with inflation, despite boasting some of the highest ticket prices of English football clubs. The changes marked only the third change to ticket prices within nine years. In January 2013, Metropolitan Police had helped Arsenal stewards remove a banner from Manchester City fans that were protesting high ticket prices.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 27 March 2013, Arsenal announced plans to play a single pre-season friendly against the New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer (MLS) in the United States, for the club's first trip to the U.S. in 25 years. The match took place at the home ground for former "Gunner" Thierry Henry, the Red Bull Arena, on 26 July 2014, and was the only match to be played outside of Europe for Arsenal this pre-season, subsequently marking the end of three successive Asia tours for the "Gunners". The match ultimately ended in a 1–0 loss following a first-half close-range strike from the son of Arsenal legend Ian Wright, Bradley Wright-Phillips. The result was the first win for an MLS side in eight attempts against an English opposition in the summer to date.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 2 May, Arsenal announced the line-up for the 2014 Emirates Cup, an annual tournament held at the Emirates Stadium. The tournament will consist of Arsenal (the hosts), Spanish side Valencia (who last participated in inaugural Emirates Cup), Portuguese side Benfica and Ligue 1 outfit Monaco. Arsenal will play Benfica on 2 August 2014, followed by Monaco a day later. The winners are crowned based on points accumulated and goals scored (with shots taken being taken into account if standings remain level). The last friendly to be announced for Arsenal turned out to be the opening fixture of the pre-season schedule, with the non-World Cup participating squad members involved against Conference South side Boreham Wood. The match finished 2–0 to the Gunners following second half strikes from Kristoffer Olsson in the 68th minute and a penalty from striker Benik Afobe in the 86th minute in what proved to be a stern test for Arsène Wenger's side. Arsenal began their Emirates Cup campaign opening to Benfica on 2 August. Starting the match with a high tempo, Arsenal found the breakthrough in the 26th minute following a goal by Yaya Sanogo, who scored his first goal in his Arsenal career, despite having 14 first team appearances last term. Arsenal continued the high tempo, and five minutes before time, Héctor Bellerín picked out Joel Campbell, who struck a volley past goalkeeper Artur to give Arsenal a two-goal advantage. Sanogo soon completed his hat-trick by netting twice in the space of as many minutes, as he first rolled into an empty net and then prodded past Artur after being picked out from the left by Kieran Gibbs. Arsenal entered half time with a 4–0 lead, and looked sure to progress further into the competition. Four minutes after the restart and Sanogo had his fourth, with Artur spilling a low drive from Ramsey into his path before calmly slotting home. However, Benfica pulled one back just past the hour mark, with a long throw from Maxi Pereira touched on for Nicolás Gaitán to nod in from close range, but Arsenal managed to progress after a busy afternoon in North London, with the match showcasing the debuts of Chilean Alexis Sánchez from the bench, along with Wenger opting to start £16 million signing Calum Chambers.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal's second game in the Emirates Cup was against Ligue 1 runners up Monaco. Wenger fielded a 4–3–3 formation, which saw the introduction of first team names Wojciech Szczęsny, Laurent Koscielny, Jack Wilshere, Santi Cazorla and Olivier Giroud into the side. Summer signings Sánchez and Chambers started the match, which also served as the debut for £12 million signing Mathieu Debuchy. Arsenal had needed only a draw to claim the Emirates Cup and entered the game looking for that draw. However, Monaco were gifted the only goal of the match in the 37th minute when Radamel Falcao was given the freedom of the Arsenal penalty area to head home João Moutinho's free-kick, awarded for Wilshere's clumsy lunge on Nabil Dirar, a challenge that booked the English midfielder. Having won 5–1 against Benfica 24 hours earlier, Arsenal struggled against the French side and created little in the way of clear-cut chances. Sánchez played on both flanks and then through the middle in the second period before being withdrawn in the 74th minute. Following the introduction of Chuba Akpom into the side, Arsenal showed direct running and looked for an equaliser. Akpom, who replaced Sánchez, was brought down by Monaco goalkeeper Danijel Subašić as Akpom burst into the box, only for referee Martin Atkinson to award a free-kick rather than a penalty — despite replays showing the foul was clearly inside the area. The game finished 1–0 to Monaco, and with Valencia winning 3–1 against Benfica earlier that day, the Spanish side won the trophy.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Aside from on-field preparations for this season, on 30 May, Arsenal announced that manager of 18 years, Arsène Wenger, had signed a new deal that would keep him at the club until 2017, marking his 21st year as Arsenal manager should he fulfil the full contract length. Having a Champions League-entry record matched only by Real Madrid and the experience of 1,010 matches prior to the new contract as Arsenal manager, chairman Sir Chips Keswick, commentated on how Wenger "has established Arsenal for its exciting playing style around the world", and that he has "no doubt [Arsenal] have an exciting future ahead of [them] with him leading the team". Amongst his honours are three league titles, five FA Cups and four Charity/Community Shields, including two league and cup doubles in 1998 and 2002. He was also the only Arsenal manager to win more than one FA Cup (having recently become the joint most successful manager of the competition with Sir Alex Ferguson with five wins) and take the club to a Champions League Final.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 29 May 2014, a little over a fortnight from the end of the previous season, cup-winning goalkeeper Łukasz Fabiański departed for Welsh club Swansea City upon the completion of his contract, citing his need to be a first-choice keeper given the stage of his career the Pole was entering. Fabiański left with 78 appearances and 25 clean sheets for Arsenal, as well as a winner's medal on his final appearance for the club. The 2014 FA Cup Final also turned out to be the final appearance for Bacary Sagna for Arsenal, as he agreed to join Manchester City upon the completion of his contract. Sagna had an illustrious seven-year period with the club, making 284 appearances for club with the Frenchman becoming an integral part of the Arsenal defence following his transfer from Auxerre. Unfortunately, Sagna did have to respond to distaste from some club supporters over the nature of his move to a Premier League rival, citing the move on the need to boost his career as a player, as opposed to the monetary incentives claimed.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Furthermore, on 26 June, Arsenal announced that 11 players were to depart the club upon their contract expiration on 30 June. The most notable players leaving that were not previously documented included Nicklas Bendtner, who made 169 appearances during his nine-year stint at the club, scoring 47 goals, including the winner against Ipswich Town that took the "Gunners" to the 2011 League Cup Final and the sole Arsenal goal in a 4–1 loss at the Camp Nou against Barcelona. In addition, Park Chu-young left the club having made seven appearances in three years that included two-year-long loans spells to Celta de Vigo and Watford. He scored a single goal for the club in a League Cup tie against Bolton Wanderers. Emiliano Viviano and Kim Källström both departed the club following the expiration of their loan deals, returning to parent clubs Palermo and Spartak Moscow respectively. Lastly, Real Sociedad confirmed Arsenal had sold their remaining contractual rights on Carlos Vela for a fee believed to be around £12 million. This enabled Real Sociedad to have full control over the player's contract, relinquishing any ability for Arsenal to buy Vela for a pre-determined fee.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Amongst the 11 player departures were four reserve-team players after they too reached the end of their current contracts. The most notable departing player was Chuks Aneke whose development was somewhat hindered by the lack of first-team action. As a result, he joined Zulte Waregem on a Bosman free transfer citing the Belgian style of play as his deciding factor. The remaining players whose contracts were not renewed included Daniel Boateng, Leander Siemann, Zak Ansah and Zach Fagan, the latter two joining Charlton Athletic and Welling United respectively.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal announced their first signing on the eve of their kit launch with the much-anticipated Chilean forward Alexis Sánchez joining the club on a long-term contract from Barcelona for an undisclosed fee, thought to be around £35 million. It was the second largest transfer fee the club had paid for a single player at the time of the transfer and was the marquee signing fans had been calling for. With the ability to play in many positions, manager Wenger praised the added "power, creativity and much quality" the player would add to the squad, with Sánchez himself praising the manager, squad and fan support. A week later, the club announced the signing of French international Mathieu Debuchy from Newcastle United for an undisclosed fee thought to be around £12 million. He became a direct replacement for the departing Bacary Sagna and in turn was the second signing of the summer transfer window for Arsenal. On 27 July, the club announced the signing of Colombian goalkeeper David Ospina from French club Nice for an undisclosed fee, reported to be around £3 or 4 million. A replacement for the departing Łukasz Fabiański, he was also signed to compete with Wojciech Szczęsny for the number one spot. He became Arsenal's third first team signing bringing the total money spent above the spendings of the previous season.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Shortly afterwards, the club announced their fourth summer addition of promising defender Calum Chambers from Southampton for an undisclosed fee thought to be around £11 million, rising to a potential £16 million with performance-related add ons. Although he was brought on promise due his age of 19, he is able to play in the right back, centre-back and defensive midfield positions which presented Wenger a risk he was willing to take. Chambers himself said that Arsenal's playing style is what attracted him to the club, as well as the chance to compete with the top sides in Europe.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal began their season with the Community Shield against Manchester City. The Gunners won the match 3–0, with goals from Santi Cazorla, Aaron Ramsey and Olivier Giroud. The trophy was Arsène Wenger's 13th in 17 years of being in charge of Arsenal.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: The Premier League began at home for Arsenal in a London derby at home to Crystal Palace. The visitors took the lead through Brede Hangeland's header from a corner in the 35th minute, but Arsenal replied with goals from Laurent Koscielny and Aaron Ramsey to make the final scoreline 2–1 to Arsenal.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal began their European campaign with a trip to Turkey in the Champions League qualifying match against Beşiktaş. Aaron Ramsey was sent-off in a match which ended in a 0–0 draw.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal continued their Premier League campaign with their first away game which was against Everton at Goodison Park, where Arsenal came from 2–0 down to draw 2–2. During the match, Olivier Giroud, who scored in this corresponding match, picked up an injury and was forced to miss out for approximately four months.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 27 August, Arsenal managed to progress to the Champions League group stage with a narrow 1–0 victory against Beşiktaş at the Emirates with Alexis Sánchez scoring his first goal for the club. Mathieu Debuchy was sent off during the match after getting a second yellow card.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Their Premier League campaign continued with a disappointing 1–1 away draw against promoted team Leicester City on 31 August with Sánchez scoring his first league goal for Arsenal.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On Transfer Deadline Day, Arsenal announced the signing of Manchester United striker Danny Welbeck on a "long-term deal", for a reported £16m. The Arsenal signing of Welbeck was the subject to the completion of regulatory formalities and would be enough to replace the injured Olivier Giroud, although Arsenal were not expected to sign a replacement for Giroud before the deal was made. Welbeck was assigned the number 23 shirt, previously worn by Nicklas Bendtner who moved to the German team Wolfsburg after the expiration of his Arsenal contract.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 13 September, Arsenal played at home to defending league champions, Manchester City, a game in which Danny Welbeck made his Arsenal debut. The match ended 2–2 with goals from Jack Wilshere and Alexis Sánchez. The match also featured Mathieu Debuchy limping out with an injury that would rule him out for three months. Three days later, Arsenal played their first match in the group stage of the Champions League, which was a 2–0 away defeat to Borussia Dortmund, that saw Arsenal outclassed and outplayed by German opposition. Arsenal went back in form on 20 September with a comfortable 3–0 away victory against Aston Villa, with Welbeck scoring his first goal for the club, along with a goal from Mesut Özil and an own goal from Aston Villa defender Aly Cissokho. Their next league game was the North London derby against Tottenham Hotspur at the Emirates. Nacer Chadli gave Tottenham the lead but Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain's first goal of the season ensured a 1–1 draw.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal were back in action in the Champions League with their second group stage game on 1 October. They played against Turkish opponents, Galatasaray at the Emirates which concluded as a 4–1 victory with Danny Welbeck scoring his first hat trick of his senior career. Wojciech Szczęsny was red carded during the match and was forced to miss the upcoming third group stage game. On 5 October, Arsenal suffered their first league defeat of the season as they were beaten by eventual league winners Chelsea 2–0 at Stamford Bridge meaning that Arsène Wenger had not beaten José Mourinho in 12 attempts.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal continued their Premier League campaign without their playmaker Mesut Özil who was ruled out for three months with an injury. Arsenal played against Hull at home and the match ended with a disappointing 2–2 draw. Alexis Sánchez gave the hosts the lead but Hull quickly equalized through Mohamed Diamé who appeared to have fouled Mathieu Flamini before he scored and Danny Welbeck's late goal ensured a frustrating draw after Hull had taken the lead 30 seconds into the second half. Four days later, Arsenal went for a trip to Belgium for their third Champions League group stage match against Anderlecht where Arsenal's third choice goalkeeper Emiliano Martínez made his Champions League debut, in replacement for suspended Wojciech Szczęsny and injured David Ospina. The match was also held on Arsène Wenger's birthday. The Gunners produced a poor performance during the match and it looked set to be a dismal day for Wenger when Anderlecht took the lead in the 71st minute. But Kieran Gibbs and substitute Lukas Podolski scored in the final minutes of the game to seal a 2–1 victory. Their next game, on 25 October, was a league game away against Sunderland which resulted in a 2–0 win, with Alexis Sánchez capitalising on mistakes made by Wes Brown and former Arsenal goalkeeper, Vito Mannone.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: The next league game for Arsenal saw them dispatch Burnley in a 3–0 home victory with Alexis Sánchez scoring twice and taking his tally to ten goals in his first season with the club. Theo Walcott came off the bench after recovering from his injury last season. After the game Arsène Wenger compared Sánchez with Luis Suárez during his post match interview. Arsenal's threw away two leads in the space of week in both the Champions League and Premier League. At home to Anderlecht a penalty from Mikel Arteta, and goals from Sanchez and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain saw Arsenal storm into a 3–0 lead, but Anderlecht pulled three back to share the points, courtesy of a goal from Aleksandar Mitrovic and an Anthony Vanden Borre double. Five days later, Arsenal would throw away a 1–0 lead (after Sanchez turned in a Danny Welbeck pass) against Swansea City to lose 2–1.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 22 November, Arsenal's first home defeat saw them lose successive Premier League games for the first time in the season. The returning Olivier Giroud's late shot proved consolation after an own goal from Kieran Gibbs and a finish by Wayne Rooney saw Arsenal defeated 2–1 by a depleted Manchester United side, including inexperienced players such as Paddy McNair and Tyler Blackett. The defeat not only dented Arsenal's Premier League title hopes, but saw Jack Wilshere injured, sidelining the midfielder for five months. Four days later, Arsenal progressed to the next round of the Champions League with a convincing 2–0 home win against Dortmund. Yaya Sanogo scored his first competitive goal for Arsenal after two minutes of the game and Alexis Sánchez netted in his twelfth goal for the club. Arsenal ended the month with a tight 1–0 win at West Brom, courtesy of a Danny Welbeck header.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 3 December, Arsenal played at home with a tricky 1–0 win against Southampton, decided by an 89th minute Alexis Sánchez finish, his 13th goal in total for the club. Three days later, Arsenal played against Stoke City away from home and lost 3–2. Peter Crouch gave Stoke the lead after only 19 seconds of the match, Bojan doubled Stoke's lead and Jon Walters added a third before half time. Arsenal came back in the second half. Santi Cazorla scored from a penalty and Aaron Ramsey volleying in from a Santi Cazorla corner. Calum Chambers was sent off after getting a second yellow card and with ten men, Arsenal could not find an equalizer. Fans took their frustrations out on the team in a local subway, with several fans berating manager Arsene Wenger.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 9 December Arsenal bounced back with a 4–1 away win against Galatasaray in the final game of the group stage of the Champions League and during the match, Aaron Ramsey scored a double, including a tremendous 35-yard left-footed volley in the 29th minute, while Lukas Podolski scored what proved to be his two last goals for the club against the club he'd sign for the following summer. Mathieu Debuchy also returned to the starting line-up after three months out with his injury. Arsenal progressed to the next round of the Champions league as the runners-up of their group, being drawn against Monaco (having faced the French side in the Emirates Cup). On 13 December, Santi Cazorla scored a brace on his 30th birthday as Arsenal recorded a second successive 4–1 win, against Newcastle at Emirates Stadium. Olivier Giroud also scored a brace, showing his full fitness and his form. On 21 December, Arsenal took on Premier League strugglers Liverpool at Anfield. In the match, Philippe Coutinho gave Liverpool the lead but Debuchy's first goal for Arsenal levelled the scoring. In the second half, Giroud gave Arsenal the lead. Fabio Borini was sent off for a high kick on Santi Cazorla (a challenge that tore the Spaniard's shirt), but in the 97th minute of the match, Martin Škrtel gave Liverpool an equaliser, the match ending 2–2.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On Boxing Day, Arsenal played at home against Queens Park Rangers and won 2–1. Alexis Sánchez scored the first goal, despite missing a penalty, and Tomáš Rosický added the second after Olivier Giroud had been sent off after headbutting QPR defender Nedum Onuoha. Two days later, Arsenal ended 2014 with a 2–1 away victory over West Ham United, courtesy of a Santi Cazorla penalty and Danny Welbeck finish.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: In their opening game of 2015, Arsenal were upset as they lost 2–0 to Southampton away from home. However, three days later, Arsenal bounced back in their FA Cup third-round game, beating Hull 2–0 at the Emirates — a repeat of the 2014 FA Cup Final from last season. Per Mertesacker rose high to head in Alexis Sánchez's corner and Sánchez, himself, scored the second goal, thus progressing to the fourth round of the FA Cup as they hope to defend their FA Cup title from last year. On 11 January, Arsenal played their next league game which was at home to Stoke. Arsenal won 3–0 with Sánchez being involved in all three goals, assisting Laurent Koscielny's header and scoring the two remaining goals to seal a comfortable victory. The match itself saw decent performances from Arsenal players who were used successfully for experimentation such as Francis Coquelin, Héctor Bellerín and goalkeeper David Ospina who would take over as Arsenal's Premier League first choice keeper for the rest of the season. The match also saw Mesut Özil coming on as a 72nd-minute substitute, having returned from his injury.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 18 January, Arsenal played against the league champions Manchester City away from home at the Etihad Stadium and convincingly beat them 2–0. Santi Cazorla converted a penalty and Olivier Giroud headed in from Santi Cazorla's free kick. The win at Manchester City was the turning point of Arsenal's season as Arsène Wenger confirmed this victory as the best performance of their season. On 25 January, Arsenal were in FA Cup action for the fourth round, playing against Brighton & Hove Albion away from home and prevailed 3–2 with goals from Theo Walcott, Mesut Özil and Tomáš Rosický, thus making it to the fifth round.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal agreed to send two first team players on loan in the January transfer window. On 5 January, Arsenal sent Lukas Podolski on loan to Internazionale for the remainder of the season. Podolski made only two starts and scored only three goals during the season, including a brace in a 4–1 away victory against Galatasaray in the Champions League group stage. Elsewhere, on 13 January Arsenal sent Yaya Sanogo on loan to Crystal Palace for the remainder of the season. Sanogo scored only one goal for Arsenal, against Borussia Dortmund in the 2–0 Champions League home victory.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 21 January, Arsenal announced a minor signing of 17-year-old Polish teenager Krystian Bielik from Polish club Legia Warsaw for a reported £2.4 million transfer fee. The deal was said to be only subject to the completion of regulatory processes.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 28 January, Arsenal announced the signing of Brazilian centre-back Gabriel from La Liga side Villarreal for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £11.2 million. Gabriel is capable of playing as centre-back and he is also able to play as full-back. He was given the number 5 shirt, previously worn by Thomas Vermaelen, who had been signed by Barcelona during the pre-season. In addition, Arsenal's Costa Rican striker Joel Campbell moved to Villarreal on loan, the day before Gabriel signed for Arsenal. Therefore, the loan signing of Campbell to the Spanish club was in exchange for Gabriel to transfer to Arsenal.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: The first day of February saw Arsenal dispatch Aston Villa 5–0 at home with goals from Olivier Giroud, Mesut Özil, Theo Walcott, a penalty from Santi Cazorla and a first goal in professional football from Héctor Bellerín. The overall performance was perfect preparation for their North London Derby league match against Tottenham at White Hart Lane. However, Arsenal then lost in that North London derby match on 7 February. Özil gave Arsenal a 1–0 lead but two goals from Harry Kane turned the match on its head as Tottenham won the London derby 2–1.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 10 February, Arsenal beat Leicester City 2–1 at the Emirates. Five days later, Arsenal began their FA Cup fifth round match at home against Middlesbrough (who knocked out Manchester City in the fourth round). Arsenal beat Middlesbrough 2–0, with two goals both scored by Olivier Giroud. It was also a match in which Gabriel made his debut for the club. Arsenal would go on to face Manchester United in the quarter-finals of this FA Cup. In the next penultimate weekend of league football, Arsenal travelled to the south of London and beat Crystal Palace 2–1.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 25 February, Arsenal played in the next round of the Champions League, after proceeding from the group stage as the runners-up. They played in the first leg at home against French club Monaco. Arsenal were handed a favourable draw when they were tied against the Ligue 1 side during the draw for this round and were highly expected to comfortably make it through the quarter-finals, considering that Monaco were perceived as an easy team to beat. However, an Arsenal performance that plumbed the depths of naivety and incompetence made them suffer a shock 3–1 defeat to the unsung French opposition. Geoffrey Kondogbia gave Monaco the lead when his long-range shot was deflected off Per Mertesacker. Then former Tottenham and Manchester United striker Dimitar Berbatov doubled Monaco's lead after a simple counterattack. An injury time goal from Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain gave Arsenal hope but it proved to matter not when Monaco scored again as Yannick Carrasco scored in the final minute of injury time after another counterattack. This shock defeat would send Arsenal on the brink of Champions League elimination in this round once more.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 1 March Arsenal played against Everton at the Emirates. Arsenal were under pressure by their fans prior to the match after their miserable Champions League home defeat to Monaco. Nonetheless, Arsenal put their capitulation behind them as they beat Everton 2–0. The first goal came from Olivier Giroud, who struggled badly during their defeat to Monaco, missing every clear chance that came his way, but he managed to score the opening goal which delivered relief to the Arsenal fans. The second goal was scored by Tomáš Rosický after coming off the bench during the match as Arsenal were back in winning form. Three days later, Arsenal travelled to the west of London and won against QPR 2–1 with goals from Giroud and Alexis Sánchez, the latter ending a run of seven games without a goal.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 9 March, Arsenal travelled to Old Trafford to face Manchester United in the FA Cup quarter-finals and Arsenal won 2–1. Danny Welbeck scored the winning goal to knock out his former club and send Arsenal into the semi-finals of the FA Cup for a record 28th time. Five days later, Arsenal beat West Ham 3–0 at the Emirates. Goals from Olivier Giroud, Aaron Ramsey and Mathieu Flamini were perfect preparation in order to overturn the Champions League 3–1 deficit against Monaco.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: On 17 March, Arsenal took a trip to Monaco for their Champions League second leg match and needed to score at least three goals to progress to the quarter-finals of the European competition. Olivier Giroud scored the first goal of the match and Aaron Ramsey added a second. The Gunners had several other chances but could not find a third goal as the match ended 2–0, making it 3–3 on aggregate. Monaco went through to the quarter-finals due to the away goals rule as Arsenal were eliminated from the Champions League at this round for the fifth consecutive season. Their final game in March was a 2–1 away victory over Newcastle.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Olivier Giroud was named as the Premier League Player of the Month, having scored in all Premier League games held in March, along with Arsène Wenger being named the Premier League Manager of the Month after managing Arsenal to victory in all Premier League games in March. On 4 April, Arsenal played at home to Liverpool and convincingly thrashed them 4–1. Goals came from Héctor Bellerín, Mesut Özil, Alexis Sánchez and Player of the Month, Giroud, thus giving Arsenal a very high possibility of finishing in the top four of the league. Then on 11 April, they beat Burnley 1–0 away from home.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Seven days later, Arsenal played in their FA Cup semi-final match against Championship side Reading at Wembley and Arsenal won the match 2–1. Alexis Sánchez gave Arsenal the lead in the 39th minute and then scored himself the winner in extra-time, sending Arsenal into the final of the FA Cup for a record 19th time. Eight days later, Arsenal played at home to Chelsea for their next league game. The match ended as a 0–0 draw, thus ending Arsenal's winning run of eight league games.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Despite having the run of triumphs ended, Arsenal got back to winning ways when a first half double from Alexis Sanchez, coupled with Ramsey's deflected strike, earned them a 3–1 victory away to Hull City. However, they then suffered just their second league defeat at home this season, when Bafetimbi Gomis's late strike earned Swansea City a shock 1–0 win in North London, before Arsenal made the trip to Manchester United to play out a critical match in the top-three race. With both sides already into next seasons UEFA Champions League, Arsenal were looking to seal third place with a win, but could only manage a 1–1 draw, courtesy of Tyler Blackett's own goal late on, cancelling out Ander Herrera's early opener. Victory over Sunderland would achieve third position, but neither side could break the deadlock in a lull goalless draw at the Emirates Stadium.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: And so the Gunner's had to defeat West Bromwich Albion to secure third on the final day of the season, and a first-half hat-trick from Theo Walcott, coupled with Jack Wilshere's stunning strike, had Arsenal cruising 4–0 at the break. Despite Gareth McAuley reducing the deficit to 4–1 at full-time, Arsenal did enough to secure third. Meanwhile, Wilshere then won the BBC Goal of the Season for the second season running, despite much criticism over him claiming the award.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Arsenal's final match of the campaign saw them square with Aston Villa at Wembley in the FA Cup final. Having defeated them by an "aggregate" scoreline of 8–0 in the league, the Gunners were heavy favourites in the final. After Theo Walcott put them ahead, Alexis Sanchez lashed home after the break, Per Mertesacker nodded home the third, Olivier Giroud clipped number four past goalkeeper Shay Given to wrap up an impressive 4–0 victory and a superb end to the season.


title: 2014–15 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Puma are the new club's kit supplier this season, ending a 20-year partnership with the previous supplier Nike.


title: Cat (zodiac)

text: The Cat is the 13th animal symbol in the 12-year cycle of the Vietnamese zodiac and Gurung zodiac, taking place of the Rabbit in the Chinese zodiac. As such, the traits associated with the Rabbit are attributed to the Cat. Cats are in conflict with the Rat.


title: Cat (zodiac)

text: Legends relating to the order of the Chinese zodiac often include stories as to why the cat was not included among the twelve. Because the Rat tricked the cat into missing the banquet with the Jade Emperor, the cat was not included and was not aware that the banquet was going on and was not given a year, thus began the antipathy between cats and rats. It is possible domesticated cats had not proliferated through China at the zodiac's induction.


title: Cat (zodiac)

text: Another legend known as "The Great Race" tells that all the animals in the zodiac were headed to the Jade Emperor. The Cat and Rat were the most intelligent of the animals, however they were both also poor swimmers and came across a river. They both tricked the kind, naive Ox to assist them by letting them ride on its back over the river. As the Ox was approaching the other side of the river, the Rat pushed the Cat into the river, then jumped off the Ox and rushed to the Jade Emperor, becoming the first in the zodiac. All the other animals made it to the Jade Emperor, while the Cat was left to drown in the river after being sabotaged by the Rat. It is said that this is also the reason cats always hunt Rats.


title: Cat (zodiac)

text: There have been various explanations of why the Vietnamese, unlike all other countries who follow the Sino lunar calendar, have the cat instead of the Rabbit as a zodiac animal. The most common explanation is that the ancient word for "rabbit" ("mao") sounds like "cat" ("meo").


title: Cat (zodiac)

text: People born within the date ranges below can be said to have been born under the "Year of the Cat", instead of "Year of the Rabbit".


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Kaaki Sattai () is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film co-written and directed by R. S. Durai Senthilkumar and produced by Dhanush, their second collaboration after "Ethir Neechal" (2013). The film stars Sivakarthikeyan and Sri Divya, Vijay Raaz and Prabhu. The film's music was composed by Anirudh Ravichander. The story revolves around police constable Mathimaran who wants to prove himself as a true, powerful cop by finding ways to solve issues of corruption in the law and order system in the department of police.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: The film, which commenced filming in April 2014, released on 27 February 2015, to mostly positive reviews and became a box office success


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Mathimaran is a police constable who only reports to work and goes home daily without contributing anything useful to the society as his boss, Inspector Sathyamurthy, does not want to get on the wrong side of the upper levels of the police, who are corrupt and politically influenced, and is also unwilling to rock the present system due to past experience. Mathimaran and his fellow policemen never get any cases as a result, much to his irritation.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Mathimaran falls in love with Divya, who works as a nurse in a hospital, but hides his occupation from her as her family hates police officers. With her help, he finds out about an illegal organ donation racket orchestrated by a politician named Durai Arasan and Dr. Devasagayam, who is the chairman of the hospital where Divya works. They capture sick and injured migrant workers from North India, make them brain dead by administering them carbon monoxide instead of oxygen, and then harvest their organs, which they sell abroad for huge amounts of money. The organ donation scam gives Mathimaran his first real case, and he takes it on with enthusiasm after Sathyamurthy and Durai's estranged father Singaperumal, who had threatened to expose his son's misdeeds, are killed in a bomb blast orchestrated by Durai.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Mathimaran first confronts Devasagayam, who commits suicide, but not before admitting his role in the scam and giving detailed information about it. He then decides to confront Durai and get him arrested, but problem is that there is not enough evidence against Durai except Devasagayam's word, and Devasagayam is dead. He tries to get more information about Durai's role in the scam incognito. Unfortunately, Durai soon finds out that Mathimaran is after him, and a cat-and-mouse game begins between the two. In the process, Mathimaran is suspended from duty, as the police commissioner is close to Durai. Undaunted, he manages to expose the scam and Durai's involvement in it to the media, but Durai wriggles out of arrest.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Mathimaran decides to finish off Durai to end the scam once and for all. He creates a ruckus during a felicitation function for Durai. In the chaos that ensues, he shoots Durai in the leg and gives him the same treatment which had been meted out to the North Indian workers: administering him carbon monoxide and then harvesting his organs after he is declared brain dead. Durai's death is covered up as a terrorist attack. Mathimaran is eventually promoted to Inspector in reward for his efforts in thwarting the organ donation scam. He also gets accepted by Divya's family, despite being a police officer, and marries Divya.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Soon after the release and success of "Ethir Neechal" (2013), the team of that film including producer Dhanush, director Durai Senthilkumar, music composer Anirudh Ravichander and actor Sivakarthikeyan announced that they would collaborate again for another venture. Pattukkottai Prabakar was selected to write the screenplay of the film. The film was initially titled "Tina", but was changed to "Kaaki Sattai" after Kamal Haasan's 1985 film. In October 2014, the producers of Kamal Haasan's "Kaakki Sattai" were approached to obtain the rights for the title. Senthilkumar revealed that he had written the script keeping Dhanush in the mind while working as an assistant director for "Aadukalam" (2011). He narrated the script to Dhanush but failed to materialise but later he changed the script to suit Siva's comedic timing.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: The team held talks with and briefly signed Amala Paul as heroine, before she opted out. Sri Divya, seen opposite Sivakarthikeyan in "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam" (2013), was consequently signed on to play the lead female role. Actor Imman Annachi and Bollywood actor Vijay Raaz were roped in to play important roles. In June 2014, a newbie, Vinu Damodar, was selected to play a small but significant part in the film. His role was said to be a turning point in the protagonist's life. In August 2014, it was confirmed that veteran actor Prabhu was added to the cast in April 2014. Actor-director Manobala was selected to play a supporting role, which he confirmed on his Twitter page. The motion poster of the film was unveiled on 29 November 2014, which portrayed Sivakarthikeyan as a happy going man into an angry cop.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Principal photography began with a puja ceremony held on 6 March 2014. The first schedule of the film's shoot began in March 2014 at a temple in Pammal near Pallavaram.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: By April 2014, the movie completed 10 days shooting in an apartment in Mugappair and 'Semmozhi Poonga' in Cathedral Road, Chennai. The team continued shooting in and around Chennai. By June 2014, 40% of the movie had been completed and the second schedule began in Kerala. Several sequences were shot at Binny Mills. In July 2014, Sivakarthikeyan confirmed that 60% of the film was completed and the team would go to Norway to can two song sequences. When asked about whether the movie would undergo a name change, he clarified that the production unit was thinking of various possibilities and that if a suitable title did not come up, "Taana" would be the title used. As per Sivakarthikeyan's update, the team flew to Norway to can the song sequences from 1 September 2014 to 10 September 2014, which were choreographed by Sherif. The shoot returned to Chennai on 15 September 2014.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: Anirudh Ravichander composed seven tracks for the soundtrack of the film. The album was launched at Radio Mirchi 98.3 on 12 December 2014, with the team opting to release the album to coincide with actor Rajinikanth's birthday. The song title "Kadhal Kan Kattuthe" later inspired a 2017 film of the same name.


title: Kaaki Sattai

text: "IBTimes" felt that "Overall, 'Kakki Sattai' is a decent masala mass entertainer and if you enjoy this genre, you can definitely hit the theatres and enjoy your time with this entertainer", rating the film 3.5/5. Indiaglitz rated "Kaaki Sattai" 3/5 and stated, "The 'Ethir Neechal' team has delivered one more winner here." Sify called the film "time-pass entertainment". Dailyindia called the film "a perfect commercial entertainer to watch this weekend for Siva and Anirudh" and rated it 3 out of 5. Cinematime also rated "Kaaki Sattai" 3/5 and said that Siva's performance and Anirudh's music "makes your weekend awesome". "Deccan Chronicle" rated it 2.5/5 and wrote that director "Durai Senthilkumar and actor Sivakarthikeyan have done an estimable job in making the film at least worth experiencing." Behindwoods gave the film 2.5 out of 5 and opined: "Siva Karthikeyan entertains, but the story's handling could have been better." Filmibeat awarded the film 2.5/5 and summarised: "Apart from Sivakarthikeyan and Anirudh's music, Kaaki Sattai doesn't provide anything extraordinary. It can be termed as old wine in a new bottle with too many fun elements for a cop story." Baradwaj Rangan of the Hindu wrote "As overlong, utterly generic, badly written, indifferently made action-comedy star vehicles propelled by Anirudh’s growling guitar riffs go, Kaaki Sattai is as disposable as they come."


title: Heather DeLoach

text: Heather DeLoach is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of the tap dancing "Bee Girl" in the 1992 music video for the hit single "No Rain", by Blind Melon. She also appeared in two episodes of the medical drama "ER".


title: Heather DeLoach

text: Blind Melon vocalist Shannon Hoon described DeLoach in the months that followed as "signing autographs and hobnobbing with the heavy hitters." "I heard she was hanging out with Madonna at the MTV Awards", Hoon added.


title: Heather DeLoach

text: Georgia Graham, Blind Melon drummer Glen Graham’s younger sister, not DeLoach, appears on the cover of the band's eponymous debut album. Band members spotted the old family photo from a "long-ago school play" while visiting Graham's boyhood home.


title: Heather DeLoach

text: DeLoach reprised her role as Bee Girl for the 1993 music video "Bedrock Anthem" by "Weird Al" Yankovic. The song "Bee Girl" on the album "Lost Dogs" by Pearl Jam is a tribute to DeLoach.


title: Heather DeLoach

text: DeLoach married financial advisor Matt Greiner in 2017 after the couple met online. The wedding included nods to the Blind Melon video with several bumblebee details. Today, DeLoach represents a fertility doctor in Orange County, California. In October 2020, she appeared as "Bee Girl" on the Fox musical game show "I Can See Your Voice".


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo, abbreviated AX, is an American anime convention held in Los Angeles, California and organized by the non-profit Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation (SPJA). The convention is traditionally held annually on the first weekend of July, spanning the course of four days. Anime Expo is regularly hosted at the Los Angeles Convention Center but has also been held in other cities such as Anaheim, San Jose, New York, and Tokyo. Anime Expo is currently the largest North American anime convention as of 2017.


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo features many events and activities during the convention for attendees to take part in such as guest panels, tabletop gaming, competitions, an arcade, and concerts.


title: Anime Expo

text: Top attractions include the Masquerade cosplay contest, Anime Music Video (AMV) competition, Battle of the Bands, and Charity Auction. Anime Expo hosts a multitude of industry Guests of Honor (GoH), including notable music artists who often hold large concerts at Anime Expo. Anime Expo holds a large variety of focus panels, workshops, and events, some of which are fan or industry-sponsored. Numerous film and video rooms also show anime screenings that run all day and night.


title: Anime Expo

text: Much like other conventions, Anime Expo also features a large scale exhibit hall where attendees can purchase a variety of products from a wide range of exhibitors. This exhibit hall also features an artist alley where attendees can purchase fan-created artwork, as well as other varieties of crafts such as wigs, pins, and cosplay material.


title: Anime Expo

text: The first Anime Expo was held from July 3–6, 1992 at the Red Lion Hotel in San Jose, California. Many of its original staff came from Anime Con, an anime convention held in San Jose in 1991, and later absorbed by the SPJA in 1992. In 1994, Anime Expo made a strategic relocation to the Southern California area and all subsequent conventions have taken place there since.


title: Anime Expo

text: The convention continues to thrive due to the growing popularity of anime and Japanese popular culture, and maintains a strong draw due to the many notable Japanese guests it hosts. It currently holds the title of North America's largest anime convention, a title which it has consistently held every year except in 2003, in which its attendance was slightly edged out by east coast anime convention Otakon. From 1,750 attendees in 1992, Anime Expo's size has increased to over 107,658 in 2017, making Anime Expo the largest anime and manga convention in North America.


title: Anime Expo

text: In March 2009, Chief Executive Officer Trulee Karahashi, who had been a part of Anime Expo and SPJA in various capacities for 11 years, left the organization. In September, former Universal Studios executive Michael Lattanzio was later hired as the SPJA's new CEO.


title: Anime Expo

text: In January 2010, eight members of Anime Expo's upper management team (ConCom) publicly resigned because of disagreements over the organization's new direction set forth by Lattanzio. One significant point of contention was Lattanzio's decision to refocus and restructure the SPJA's marketing efforts, starting with the dismissal of a PR and marketing contractor that the organization had a close working relationship with since 2004. Additionally, two other personnel had already left for other reasons, leaving only the vice-chair and two others as returning members of the previous year's team.


title: Anime Expo

text: In September 2010, Lattanzio was released from his CEO position. Then SPJA Chairman of the Board Marc Perez, became acting-CEO; In August 2011 he stepped down from the Board of Directors to take over as a full-time CEO (as required by the SPJA bylaws).


title: Anime Expo

text: In early 2012, Anime News Network reported that Anime Expo suffered a $1.2 million loss in 2010. The 2011 convention saw a $100,000 profit and reduced the outstanding debt to $700,000. The article also stated that one of the creditors, IDG World Expo, will be taking over several aspects of the organization, with guest selection and programming to remain under SPJA control. Additionally, Takayuki Karahashi has been elected to Chairman of the Board of Directors.


title: Anime Expo

text: The convention continued to be located at the LACC through 2019. In April 2016, Marc Perez left the company, with Ray Chiang becoming acting CEO of SPJA.


title: Anime Expo

text: On June 30, 2017, the first Pre-Show Night was added to the Anime Expo, which included the Neon District, hosting the World Cosplay Summit U.S. Finals, and premieres.


title: Anime Expo

text: As the convention's attendance has grown, it's seen long lines for entry into the convention hall, which organizers said was due to safety and security concerns.


title: Anime Expo

text: In the months leading to the 2020 event, a global coronavirus outbreak created concerns related to large gatherings such as Anime Expo. On April 17, 2020, the SPJA announced that it was cancelling Anime Expo 2020, citing "health and safety" concerns. However, the SPJA stated it still planned to hold the 2021 event on its normal July dates. On May 27, 2020 they announced a two-day online convention titled Anime Expo Lite, which took place on July 3 and 4, 2020. On March 3, 2021, the SPJA canceled the 2021 live convention, and announced that the Anime Expo Lite would instead be held on the 2021 schedule, citing "continued uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic." On July 28, 2021, the SJPA announced plans to return to the live event for July 1-4, 2022.


title: Anime Expo

text: The SPJA has twice run conventions outside California: Anime Expo New York in 2002, and Anime Expo Tokyo in 2004.


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo New York (AXNY) was held in 2002 in the Times Square district of New York City, New York. The event was originally a joint effort with Central Park Media and its industry event, Big Apple Anime Fest (BAAF). Due to differences, the event ran as separate entities within the same time frame and venues, with BAAF hosting the theatrical film screenings, and Anime Expo New York hosting the convention. The events shared some resources, with notable guests listed in the program guides of both events.


title: Anime Expo

text: The SPJA ran the event in order to demonstrate that it could run events outside its home state of California. The event was a precursor to Anime Expo Tokyo which ran in Tokyo, Japan in 2004.


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo Tokyo (AX Tokyo) was held in 2004 at the Sunshine City Convention Center in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, Japan. It was not technically organized directly by the SPJA, but rather was organized by the Japanese Association for Science Fiction International Communication (www.jasfic.or.jp)(JASFIC) with assistance from the SPJA. JASFIC had two goals for Anime Expo Tokyo. The first goal was to establish in Japan a non-corporate sponsored convention dedicated to anime. The second goal was to demonstrate to the organizers of the World Science Fiction Convention (WorldCon) that Japan could serve as a suitable venue for conventions that attract foreigners. Although Anime Expo Tokyo did not go on to a second year, JASFIC was ultimately successful in attracting the 65th World Science Fiction Convention to Japan in 2007.


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo Tokyo had a list of over 40 guests such as manga artist Ken Akamatsu, MiQ, Under17, Hiroshi Aro, and many others, although a small handful had to make last minute cancellations. Anime Expo Tokyo was also the very first Anime Expo that officially hosted guests from the U.S. anime industry such as webcomic artist Fred Gallagher and voice actor Crispin Freeman.


title: Anime Expo

text: Of Anime Expo Tokyo's 4,249 attendees, approximately 300 of that number were estimated to have traveled from abroad. In addition to the attendance numbers were 240 members of the press, 40 of which were from overseas. An additional 430 people were composed of dealers, guests, or staff.


title: Anime Expo

text: In 2010, Anime Conji began as an annual anime convention in San Diego. In 2013, it began to be run by SPJA. Anime Conji 2016 was cancelled due to event quality concerns. The convention returned in 2018 under its original organizers, the San Diego Speculative Fiction Society (SanSFiS).


title: Anime Expo

text: The Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation (SPJA), the parent organization which produces Anime Expo, is a federal and California state registered 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization. Prior to January 1, 2020 they were registered as a 501(c)(6) non-profit trade benefit organization.


title: Anime Expo

text: The operation of Anime Expo is divided into two groups: Entertainment & Operations. Entertainment has the following divisions: AV Tech, Entertainment Hall, Guest Relations, Interactive Events and Programming. Operations has the following divisions: Exhibit Hall & Registration and Facilities. As of 2013, the SPJA employed 11 employees and over 1,000 volunteers for Anime Expo.


title: Anime Expo

text: Anime Expo's parent company, the SPJA, has a number of additional paid positions whose roles are to conduct the organization's year-round operations.


title: Anime Expo

text: Such positions also include the: Administration Director, Chief Executive Officer, Finance Manager, HR Director, Marketing Director, and Technology Director.


title: Anime Expo

text: The SPJA also hires consultants for outsourced functions such as: Marketing consultation, Governance & Strategic training, Legal Representation, Vending, and other matters on an as-needed basis.


The Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command (ROK-SWC; ; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍 特殊戰司令部), also known as the Republic of Korea Army Special Forces "Black Berets" (R.O.K. Special Forces), is a strategic-level military command of the Republic of Korea Army responsible for their special operations forces. ROK Special Forces brigades work in a close relationship with their United States Army Special Forces counterparts and other allies in international security and intervention missions. ROK Special Forces brigades are considered one of the largest in the world and the most battle-tested and fearsome in Asia.


title: Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command

text: U.S. SOF in Korea are under the command and control of Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR) which is a sub-unified command assigned under the Korean Armed Forces Command.


text: Since 1993, the Republic of Korea Army has trained experts by sending officers to various PKO training institutions such as the Northern Europe United Nations Training Corps (UNTC), Poland, and Ireland, and since 1995 officers and related government officials have been sent to the Pearson Peacekeeping Center (PPC) in Canada. To lay the foundation for PKO education domestically, in 1995 the military designated the Joint Services Staff College to be the lead institution to educate officers to become military observers and staff. In May 1998, the PKO Department was officially inaugurated within the college. Moreover, the Special Warfare Command's Education Corps was designated as the institution solely responsible for unit-level education of PKO forces by providing solid education for infantry and engineer personnel.


text: The command includes six special forces brigades and one overseas deployment group. They receive special training for various unconventional warfare missions. These seven units began to be established from 1958 and fall under the jurisdiction of the Special Warfare Command, which was established in 1969. ROK special forces brigades' primary tasks include guerrilla warfare, special reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, direct action, collecting information in enemy territory and carrying out special missions. Members of these brigades undergo specialized training in weapons handling and parachuting. Each brigade has about 600 men distributed in four battalions, with each battalion having three companies and each company having five teams of ten men.


text: Due to rapidly increasing threats from the North, South Korea announced the reorganization of a special forces brigade by the end of 2017, with the sole purpose of assassinating high-ranking members of the DPRK's leadership in the event of a war. Tasked with the "Decapitation Missions" the new brigade, organized along the lines of the 75th Ranger Regiment, consisting of roughly 1,000 men would be formed by the end of 2017 and would be deployed directly to Pyongyang in an event of a war on the Korean peninsula. This was seen as part of South Korea's continued development of their own preemptive strike protocol.


text: The 13th Brigade was selected to be reorganized and rearmed for the role originally scheduled for 2019, but advancement of the nuclear and missile capabilities of the North has progressed faster than expected. On December 1, 2017, the unit was created as planned. The new 13th Special Missions Brigade and held its founding ceremony. The new unit will be equipped with special weapons capable of underwater and ground combat operations, a special rifle for grenade launchers and other means of transport suitable for air, sea and underwater infiltration such as special operations transport aircraft. It was reported that the elite U.S. naval special missions unit DEVGRU, also known as SEAL Team Six, will provide training and have an advisory role to help the brigade prepare for its assassination missions.


text: The operators within the Republic of Korea Special Warfare Command serve longer than the usual military conscripts within the ROKA. The service term lasts 4 years and 3 months in comparison with the usual 1 year and 9 months for a typical conscript in the regular army. This includes the 3 months of training that all recruits must undergo before becoming attached to a specific brigade. Those who wish to remain in service for longer than the set term may do so.


text: During the first month of training, recruits will have to undergo a strenuous physical test to ensure they are physically capable of fulfilling their role. This will include 25km runs across mountainous terrain with a 30kg load out under timed conditions as well as daily fitness regimes to weed out physically incapable recruits. Firearms training and weapons handling training will naturally be integrated throughout the 3-month training period. Due to the nature of the Korean warfare tactics, operators will be taught two main methods of infiltration into North Korea: aerial infiltration and naval infiltration which includes, for example, High Altitude Low Opening (HALO) training and SCUBA training. The aim of this part of the training is to make the operators as versatile as possible to ensure that they can tackle the difficult Korean terrain. On the ground they will undergo mountaineering training as well as survival training which involves them surviving without communications and limited supplies for up to a week. Resistance to interrogation training is also employed by the organization. This has led to several deaths such as one recruit dying from suffocation while being put in a typical stress position for several hours during captivity training. Moreover, sub-zero training is enforced during the winter which involves recruits being fully submerged in ice-cold water and carrying out physical training drills in the snow without their tops.


text: Hand-to-hand combat, consisting of Teukgong Moosool and Krav Maga, is strongly emphasized within the ROK SWC but is taught after the 3-month training period once the operators have been attached to a particular brigade.


text: The Evergreen Unit () is an ad hoc, all-volunteer, amalgamated ROK Army unit (usually of battalion strength), composed of various members of the South Korean military (including infantry, combat support elements such as engineers and medics, ROK Special Forces and the ROK Marine Corps.), trained specifically for conducting worldwide security operations and rendering humanitarian assistance during ad hoc overseas deployments and UN Peacekeeping Operations.


text: The South Korean military participated in UN-led Peacekeeping Operations for the first time ever when it activated and deployed the "Evergreen" unit in the summer of 1993 to Somalia for the purpose of overseas reconstruction and humanitarian work. The "Evergreen" unit is an amalgamated ROK Army battalion-sized engineering unit (named after Korea's ubiquitous perennial conifers), activated for the first time on June 30, 1993 specifically for the Somali PKO deployment. The battalion-sized element, consisting of 504 men (rotated annually), participated in repairing roads and rendering humanitarian assistance during the crisis in Somalia at the time. By the time their mission ended in September 1994, the Evergreen unit deployed some 2,700 men and 1,300 pieces of equipment, successfully linking Balad and Zohar via a rebuilt road, and effectively cooperating with U.S. forces in building another road from Balad to Afgoa.


text: On August 30, 1999, a UN-mandated referendum for independence in East Timor was held, in which 78.5 percent of the electorate opted for independence. However, indigenous militias who opposed East Timor's independence caused devastating violence. Accordingly, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution to grant installation of the International Forces in East Timor (INTERFET), and the UN Secretary General together with the government of Australia officially requested the South Korean government's participation, in addition to other UN-member nations such as Indonesia, who agreed to the deployment of the multinational forces and actively requested the participation of Asian nations.


text: In response to the international request to maintain security and restore order, the South Korean government authorized the formation of a second Evergreen Unit. With a battalion strength of 419 men—201 from ROK Special Forces with the balance of personnel from transportation, supply, communications, and medical specialties—the Evergreen unit arrived in Lautem, East Timor on 1 October 1999. Upon their arrival, the area was still reeling from post-election violence and 40 per cent of the island's built-up infrastructure—including markets, schools and housing—had been destroyed by rioters. The population of 50,000 had dropped to 20,000 as a result of refugee movement in response to the widespread violence. Shortly thereafter, the 2nd Evergreen Unit formally initiated operations on 22 October 1999 in Lospalos, East Timor. Using its security component, detached from the 5th Special Forces brigade, Special Warfare Command, the Evergreen's area of responsibility covered just 12% of East Timor's land mass.


text: After a six-month deployment that ended on 28 April 2000, the original 419 men of the Korean battalion returned to Korea after conducting a two-week-long, in-theater handover and orientation for their replacements. In February 2002, the battalion was redeployed to the Oecusse-Ambeno enclave to continue peacekeeping operations. In April, 2003, an additional 250-strong element from the 8th ROK BATT, deployed for a six-month peacekeeping mission in Oecusse-Ambeno. In addition to security operations, the unit engaged in public relations and election-related work, including voter registration, and humanitarian assistance.


text: The members of the ROK Special Forces Brigades train and work in close partnership with members of the United States Special Operations Forces in defense of the Republic of Korea. U.S. SOF in Korea are under the command and control of Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR) which is a sub-unified command assigned under the Combatant Command (COCOM) of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and further delegated to the Operational Command of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) Commander.


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: "Ooh La La" is a 1973 song by the band Faces, written by Ronnie Lane and Ronnie Wood. It is the title song of the band's last studio album, "Ooh La La".


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: The lead vocals were provided by Wood, a rarity in the band's catalogue; lead vocals were usually performed by Rod Stewart and less often by Ronnie Lane. Stewart and Lane each recorded lead vocals for the song, but reportedly neither was satisfied by their attempt. Their producer Glyn Johns then suggested that Wood give it a try, and this version was used for the track on the album.


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: The lyrics describe a dialogue between a grandfather and grandson, with the elder man warning the younger about the perils of relationships with women: "Poor old granddad, I laughed at all his words / I thought he was a bitter man; he spoke of women's ways." The chorus laments, "I wish that I knew what I know now, when I was younger."


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: In addition to being the closing title track of the Faces' final studio album, the Faces version of the song appeared as a US single in May 1973. The first compilation on which the Faces version appeared was the album "Snakes and Ladders / The Best of Faces". It appeared again on the 1999 Faces retrospective "Good Boys... When They're Asleep" and then also on the 2004 four-disc box set "Five Guys Walk into a Bar...". It appeared on the Ronnie Wood greatest hits compilation "", where Wood stated in the liner notes that he always thinks of Lane when he plays it.


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: Lane recorded his own version with his new group Slim Chance soon after leaving Faces in 1973; it featured lyrics slightly altered from those he wrote for the Faces version. Although his studio version was never released during his lifetime, it appeared as the title track of the 2014 Slim Chance compilation "Ooh La La: An Island Harvest". Lane regularly performed the song at concerts and on radio shows throughout his solo career until he retired from the music business in 1993, due to bad health.


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: Rod Stewart covered the song on his 1998 solo album "When We Were the New Boys" in tribute to the recently deceased Lane. It was released in May 1998 as the lead single from the album, and became a top 40 hit in the U.S. and top 20 in the UK.


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: Indie rock band Silkworm covered the song for their 2000 LP "Lifestyle". Banjo player Danny Barnes covered the song on his 2003 release "Dirt on the Angel". The song was covered by Counting Crows as a B-side for their 2003 single "If I Could Give All My Love (Richard Manuel Is Dead)" and re-released on their 2012 studio album "Underwater Sunshine". In late 2012, punk rocker Tim Armstrong, best known as front man of Rancid, recorded a ska-flavored cover of the song under the moniker Tim Timebomb and Friends. Included in the recording, and featured in the video, were drummer Travis Barker of Blink-182, bassist J Bonner, and keyboardist Kevin Bivona of The Transplants. American indie rock band Manchester Orchestra performed a version of the song in July 2013 for "The A.V. Club"s Undercover series. Canadian band Hey Rosetta! recorded a version in 2014. Folk act Redbird included a version on their album "Live at the Cafe Carpe".


title: Ooh La La (Faces song)

text: "Ooh La La" was featured in the 1998 film "Rushmore", played over the film's final shot and closing credits, and was included on the film's 1999 soundtrack album. It was used as the theme song for the 2003 BBC sitcom "Grass". It was used as the theme for the 2004 film "Without a Paddle".


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Southlake is a city located predominantly in Tarrant County with minor areas extending into Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. Southlake is a suburb of Dallas/Fort Worth. As of the 2019 census estimate it had a population of 32,376.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: The Southlake area was settled in the 1840s, but was not incorporated as Southlake until 1956, four years after the construction of Grapevine Lake was completed. Before incorporation, the settlements of Whites Chapel, Dove, Union Church and Jellico made up present day Southlake. The area remained rural until the completion of the DFW International Airport in the 1970s. Due to the close proximity to the airport, Southlake became a boom-burb throughout the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Southlake is located at (32.946678, −97.145230). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (2.45%) is water.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: As of the 2020 United States census, there were 31,265 people, 9,323 households, and 8,398 families residing in the city.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: As of 2019, there was 32,376 people, 9,192 households, and over 5,958 families residing in the city. The population density was 983.0 people per square mile (379.6/km). There are 6,614 housing units at an average density of 302.1 per square mile (116.7/km). The ethnic composition of the population of Southlake is composed of 25,554 White residents (78.9%), 5,148 Asian residents (15.9%), 2,072 Hispanic residents (6.4%), 550 Black residents (1.7%), and 809 from two or more races. There were 6,414 households, out of which 60.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 88.0% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a single householder with no spouse present, and 7.1% were non-families. 5.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.48. The average listing price for homes for sale in Southlake was $883,109 for the week ending Jan 8. 3,997 of the 6,602 occupied houses have nine or more rooms. 4,660 of the occupied houses have four or more bedrooms. 3,342 of the 6,602 occupied houses have two cars. 2,348 of these houses have three or more cars.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: In the city, 37.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: According to a 2019 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was in excess of $240,248, higher than any other city in the DFW Metroplex, and the median income for a family was $176,259. The mean household income for Southlake is $216,393. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $46,042 for females. The per capita income for the city was $47,597. As of 2010, 43% of homes had an income of more than $200,000. About 1.3% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Sabre Holdings, an S&P 500 company, is headquartered in Southlake in the Solana business park. Industrial businesses include gasoline storage and distribution and concrete works on the east side of town off Highway 114 near DFW Airport.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Southlake is well known for its Southlake Town Square project, a shopping center located on State Highway 114 and Southlake Boulevard. A plan was approved in March 2005 that allowed the Town Square's area to be doubled. The new additions to Town Square were completed in the summer of 2006, making it one of the most popular shopping centers in the Metroplex.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: According to Southlake's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Incorporated in 1956, the City of Southlake's home rule charter was approved by voters on April 4, 1987, operating under a Council-Manager form of government. Services provided by the City under general governmental functions include public events, public safety, planning and development, engineering, street maintenance, parks operation and maintenance, recreation, library services, and general administrative services. According to the city's 2013–2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $104.2 million in revenues, $79.6 million in expenditures, $678.6 million in total assets, $182.1 million in total liabilities, and $108.8 million in cash and investments.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: The vast majority of Southlake is in the Carroll Independent School District. This school district contains the following schools:


title: Southlake, Texas

text: All Carroll ISD schools share the logo and mascot of the dragon. The school district is currently ranked by the Texas Education Agency as the largest all exemplary school district in the state.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: The Denton County portions of the city are in the Northwest Independent School District, while the extreme western portions are in the Keller Independent School District, and extreme eastern portions are in the Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District. As of the 2013–2014 school year, any residents of the city of Southlake that lives outside of the Carroll ISD boundaries are allowed to attend a Carroll ISD school, if they apply through the school district. All of the district's schools are listed as "Exemplary" by Texas Education Association standards.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Sections in GCISD are zoned to: Cannon Elementary School, Grapevine Middle School, and Grapevine High School.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: There is no bus or other public transport within city limits. The nearest train station is Grapevine-Main Street station at around distance from the town center.


title: Southlake, Texas

text: Southlake Sister Cities is a non-profit organization belonging to Sister Cities International and maintains a relationship with 2 sister cities: Tome, Japan and Wuzhong, China. These relationships consist of student exchange programs as well as adult delegations between the cities.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: Ágætis byrjun (, "A good beginning") is the second studio album by Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós, released on 12 June 1999. The album was recorded between the summer of 1998 and the spring of 1999 with producer Ken Thomas. "Ágætis byrjun" represented a substantial departure from the band's previous album "Von", with that album's extended ambient soundscapes replaced by Jónsi Birgisson's cello-bowed guitarwork and orchestration, using a double string octet amongst other chamber elements.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: "Ágætis byrjun" became Sigur Rós's breakthrough album, both commercially and critically. It received a 2000 release in the United Kingdom and a 2001 release in the United States. According to their label Smekkleysa, the album sold 10,000 copies on its first year of release in Iceland, earning the band platinum status. It won numerous awards, and has appeared on multiple critics' lists of the best albums of the 2000s.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: "Ágætis byrjun" is the band's first album to feature keyboardist Kjartan Sveinsson, and their last to feature drummer Ágúst Ævar Gunnarsson, who left the band several months after the album was released. Gunnarsson was replaced by Orri Páll Dýrason in the same year.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: The ten songs on the album include some self-reference: the introduction contains backmasked parts from the title track, and the last song, "Avalon", consists of a different take of an instrumental passage from "Starálfur" slowed to around a quarter of its original speed. The strings in "Starálfur" are palindromic; they are the same forwards and backwards.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: All vocals are sung in Icelandic, except for those on "Olsen Olsen" and the last section of the title track, which are sung in the gibberish language Vonlenska. Sigur Rós' subsequent album, "( )", used Vonlenska exclusively for its vocals.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: The album's title came from a friend hearing the first song they had written for the album, which would become the title track. After hearing the song, he said it was "a good beginning"; the name stuck. The name has also been translated as "An alright start."


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: The sketch on the cover was drawn by Gotti Bernhöft with a Bic Cristal ballpoint pen. The booklet cover for the CD edition of the album features the line: "Ég gaf ykkur von sem varð að vonbrigðum... þetta er ágætis byrjun" which translates to "I gave you (plural) hope that became a disappointment... this is a good beginning". This line is a reference to their two previous releases, "Von" and "Von brigði".


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: Sigur Rós assembled and glued together the cases of the first print of "Ágætis byrjun" themselves. As a result, many of the CDs were unusable due to glue stains.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: While released to little fanfare, the album quickly gained radio exposure in Iceland, and spent the autumn of 1999 climbing the Icelandic album charts, finally resting at the top for a number of weeks. After surprising success in Iceland, the album subsequently gained strong international buzz with numerous articles in many prominent publications, hype from internet message boards and blogs, as well as often exuberant critical praise. "Ágætis byrjun" was released in the United Kingdom in 2000, and in the North American market in 2001 by Fat Cat Records. In 2001, "Ágætis byrjun" won the inaugural Shortlist Music Prize.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: An acclaimed music video was made for "Viðrar vel til loftárása". The album's tracks have also been featured in soundtracks; "Starálfur" was used in "The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou" and the Emmy winning 2005 TV film "The Girl in the Café". "Svefn-g-englar" was used in "Vanilla Sky", amongst others. The song "Flugufrelsarinn" has been arranged by Stephen Prustman for the Kronos Quartet, and is available on their download-only release "Kronos Quartet Plays Sigur Rós".


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: "Ágætis byrjun" was placed by "Pitchfork" at number 2 on their annual Best Albums list for 2000, and was placed at 8 on their top 200 albums of the 2000s, released on 2 October 2009.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: In the "Q" and "Mojo" Classic Special Edition "Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock", the album placed at number 27 in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums".


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: It was announced in 2009 that a deluxe edition would be released to mark the 10th anniversary of "Ágætis byrjun"s international release. It was slated for release in early summer 2015. It was to feature previously unheard studio and live recordings as well as photographic and documentary material from the band's personal archives.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: "Ágætis byrjun" peaked at No. 24 on "Billboard"s Top Independent Albums chart in January and it has sold 227,000 copies in the US, according to Nielsen SoundScan. In Europe it was upgraded to Platinum by Impala award for 400,000+ copies sold up to 2012.


title: Ágætis byrjun

text: On July 5, 2019, the band released an anniversary edition of the album as a 4-CD box set, and as a limited-edition, 7-vinyl-album set. It features early versions and demos of the songs on the record, and unreleased songs, pulled together from the band's personal archive, as well as The Icelandic Opera (Íslenska Óperan) June 12, 1999 concert, recorded for the Icelandic radio.


title: Betsy Randle

text: Betsy May Randle (born June 24, 1950) is an American actress known for her role as Amy Matthews on "Boy Meets World" which lasted seven seasons.


title: Betsy Randle

text: Born in Chicago, Randle grew up in the suburb of Glenview. She is a graduate of New Trier High School (class of 1968) and the University of Kansas. Randle is married to film editor John Randle and they have two children, Aaron, who is married and has a child born in 2013, and Jessica. Randle and her family reside in Ojai, California.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: Sgt. Bilko is a 1996 American military comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn and written by Andy Breckman. It is an adaptation of the 1950s television series "The Phil Silvers Show", often informally called "Sgt. Bilko", or simply "Bilko", and stars Steve Martin, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman and Glenne Headly.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: Master Sergeant Ernest G. Bilko is in charge of the motor pool at Fort Baxter, a small United States Army base that develops new military technology. Exploiting this position, he directs a number of scams, ranging from gambling to renting out military vehicles. His commanding officer, Colonel John Hall, overlooks Bilko's money-making schemes, as he is more concerned with problems in the "Hover Tank" that the base is designing.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: Major Colin Thorn, an officer from the U.S. Army Inspector General's office, arrives at the camp and begins to scrutinize Bilko's record. Officially, Thorn is at Fort Baxter to conduct a general inspection and determine if the base should remain open in light of recent defense cutbacks. He is also determined to get revenge on Bilko to settle an old score the two have from Fort Dix, where Thorn was nearly court-martialed after a fixed boxing match which resulted in Thorn being shipped off to Greenland in the belief that he tried to fix the fight.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: Bitter and unprincipled, Thorn is not above breaking the law to ruin Bilko. He attempts to steal Bilko's long-time fiancée Rita, whom Bilko has stood up at the altar more than a dozen times. Rita is tired of waiting and gives Bilko 30 days to win her back or lose her for good.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: Bilko, with the help of newly assigned Private First Class Wally Holbrook, devises a means of avoiding Thorn's attempt to transfer him to Greenland: He rigs a demonstration of the base's malfunctioning Hover Tank, staged before a four-star general and numerous dignitaries. Since Thorn had deliberately tried to sabotage the tank the previous night, he confronts Bilko, Hall, and the general, loudly insulting Bilko and Hall. While ranting, he confesses to sabotaging the Hover Tank. Thorn is sent off again to Greenland.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: The last day of Rita's ultimatum has come. Just as she sadly begins to write Bilko off forever, Rita hears men outside her house, serenading her with a favorite song of hers and Bilko's. Looking out, she sees Bilko and his platoon. Bilko asks Rita to marry him, and she accepts. The next day is their wedding day, but Rita shows up late, due to a mix-up over Daylight Saving Time. After they play another card game (if Bilko wins, they get married), they finally get married. Unknown to Bilko, Rita is holding four aces in her hand.


title: Sgt. Bilko

text: On the film-critic aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, "Sgt. Bilko" received a 31% positive ratings from 39 reviews, with an average rating of 4.6/10. On Metacritic, it has a score of 47 out of 100 based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave it two thumbs up on their television show. Ebert praised Steve Martin's performance and enjoyed "all the little jokes hidden in the corners" of the movie. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "B+" on a scale of A+ to F. It won the award for Worst Resurrection of a TV Show at the 1996 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards. It also failed at the box office.


title: Danny McKnight

text: Danny R. McKnight (born April 9, 1951) is an American retired colonel who served in the United States Army. He is best known for his role as commander of the 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment in the Battle of Mogadishu. His participation in the battle was also heavily portrayed in the film "Black Hawk Down", where his role was played by Tom Sizemore.


title: Danny McKnight

text: Danny R. McKnight was born in Columbus, Georgia, on April 9, 1951. His family later moved to Rockledge, Florida, in 1959. McKnight graduated from Cocoa High School in 1969 and Brevard Community College (now "Eastern Florida State College") in 1971.


title: Danny McKnight

text: It was during his undergraduate studies where McKnight's military career began to take shape. He was recognized as a distinguished military graduate by Florida State University in 1973, shortly after earning his bachelor's degree in management. He eventually went on to complete the Basic Officer Leaders Course and graduated from the United States Army Airborne School and Ranger School. In 1985, he earned his master's degree in higher education from the University of Florida while being simultaneously assigned as an assistant professor of military science in the university's Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps department.


title: Danny McKnight

text: McKnight was deployed again in 1993 to Mogadishu, Somalia. During this time, he served as commander of the 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment as part of a special operations detachment tasked with peacekeeping operations on behalf of the United Nations security forces. It had already been the second United Nations intervention in the Somali Civil War at the time of McKnight's deployment.


title: Danny McKnight

text: Situations in Mogadishu eventually devolved and escalated, resulting in the Battle of Mogadishu. McKnight participated in the battle by commanding the 450 soldiers of the 75th Ranger Regiment and leading the coalition convoy through the city. He sustained injuries in the neck and arm during the battle.


title: Sixth Family

text: A Sixth Family is a crime family or criminal organization, usually an Italian-American or Italian-Canadian crime group, that has become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable to that of the Five Families of the New York City Italian-American Mafia. A criminal organization deemed a "Sixth Family" may rival the Five Families or, alternatively, may work closely enough with the Five Families that it appears to be a peer or near coequal of the families.


title: Sixth Family

text: Various criminal organizations have been deemed the "Sixth Family", often by the press or the criminal underworld. One organization to receive the designation is the Rizzuto crime family based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, though the Rizzuto family does not refer to itself as the "Sixth Family". The Rizzuto family has allegedly worked closely with the Bonanno crime family of the New York Five Families. The DeCavalcante crime family, which is based in North Jersey, across the Hudson River from the Five Families, and famously served as the inspiration for the hit TV show "The Sopranos", are at times also referred to as the “Sixth Family.”


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Klei Entertainment Inc. ( ) is a Canadian video game development company located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Klei was formed in July 2005 by Jamie Cheng. Their best-known titles include "Don't Starve" and "Oxygen Not Included". On January 25, 2021, Klei became a subsidiary of the Chinese holding conglomerate Tencent.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Jamie Cheng founded Klei Entertainment in July 2005. Prior to the formation of Klei, Cheng worked as a specialist AI programmer at Relic Entertainment, then owned by THQ. Cheng acquired seed funding for Klei by selling his THQ shares earned at Relic and getting a $10,000 loan from his brother. Klei had 11 employees in 2009 and as of May 2013 has grown to 35 employees.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Their first title, "Eets" was first released March 27, 2006, for Microsoft Windows, then for Mac OS X on December 9, 2010. Between those two releases the game was ported to the Xbox 360 via the Xbox Live Arcade platform and released on April 25, 2007. Retitled "Eets: Chowdown", this version featured 120 new levels and an action minigame called "Marsho Madness".


title: Klei Entertainment

text: The company assisted with Slick Entertainment's "N+", the Xbox Live Arcade port of the Adobe Flash game "N". In 2008 Klei developed "Sugar Rush", a casual massively multiplayer online game. They announced in late August 2010, that development had stopped and the game was canceled. The company's fourth original title, "Shank", was announced at Penny Arcade Expo 2009. It was released on August 24, 2010, for the PlayStation 3, August 25, 2010, for the Xbox 360 and October 26, 2010, on for Microsoft Windows.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Klei's survival adventure game "Don't Starve" was released on April 23, 2013. "Don't Starve" was released in a 2-for-1 beta format on Steam, allowing players to purchase two copies of the game for the price of one. Before being officially self-published, Klei sold more than 300,000 copies of "Don't Starve" at $15 each. On April 21, 2016, Klei released a stand-alone multiplayer version of "Don't Starve" called "Don't Starve Together", which has regular updates and individual downloadable content.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: On July 2, 2013, it was announced that their next release would to be titled "Invisible, Inc.", a turn-based espionage game released on May 12, 2015.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: In 2017, Klei Entertainment acquired Slick Entertainment. Slick founder Nick Waanders and Jamie Cheng previously worked together at Relic Entertainment, which established a working relationship that later allowed the companies to merge.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Klei announced in January 2021 that they had agreed for Tencent to acquire a majority stake in the company. Klei would remain in full control of its products, but the Tencent acquisition would help them to reach into the gaming market in China.


title: Klei Entertainment

text: Co-founder Jamie Cheng sought a company culture where employees live balanced lives. He built Klei with the theory that game studios can make popular, interesting games with a reasonable budget on normal hours at a fair price and still be successful. Since then, Klei has gained a reputation in the video game industry as a successful studio that treats its employees well and maintains balance.


title: Wang Ruiji

text: Wang Ruiji (born 17 February 1957) is a Chinese fencer who competed at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics. He is the father of Jackson Wang.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics:


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Wideband noise comes from many natural noise sources, such as the thermal vibrations of atoms in conductors (referred to as thermal noise or Johnson–Nyquist noise), shot noise, black-body radiation from the earth and other warm objects, and from celestial sources such as the Sun. The central limit theorem of probability theory indicates that the summation of many random processes will tend to have distribution called Gaussian or Normal.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: AWGN is often used as a channel model in which the only impairment to communication is a linear addition of wideband or white noise with a constant spectral density (expressed as watts per hertz of bandwidth) and a Gaussian distribution of amplitude. The model does not account for fading, frequency selectivity, interference, nonlinearity or dispersion. However, it produces simple and tractable mathematical models which are useful for gaining insight into the underlying behavior of a system before these other phenomena are considered.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: The AWGN channel is a good model for many satellite and deep space communication links. It is not a good model for most terrestrial links because of multipath, terrain blocking, interference, etc. However, for terrestrial path modeling, AWGN is commonly used to simulate background noise of the channel under study, in addition to multipath, terrain blocking, interference, ground clutter and self interference that modern radio systems encounter in terrestrial operation.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: The AWGN channel is represented by a series of outputs formula_1 at discrete time event index formula_2. formula_1 is the sum of the input formula_4 and noise, formula_5, where formula_5 is independent and identically distributed and drawn from a zero-mean normal distribution with variance formula_7 (the noise). The formula_5 are further assumed to not be correlated with the formula_4.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: The capacity of the channel is infinite unless the noise formula_7 is nonzero, and the formula_4 are sufficiently constrained. The most common constraint on the input is the so-called "power" constraint, requiring that for a codeword formula_14 transmitted through the channel, we have:


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Where formula_18 is the distribution of formula_19. Expand formula_20, writing it in terms of the differential entropy:


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Suppose that we are sending messages through the channel with index ranging from formula_36 to formula_37, the number of distinct possible messages. If we encode the formula_37 messages to formula_39 bits, then we define the rate formula_40 as:


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: A rate is said to be achievable if there is a sequence of codes so that the maximum probability of error tends to zero as formula_39 approaches infinity. The capacity formula_34 is the highest achievable rate.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Consider a codeword of length formula_39 sent through the AWGN channel with noise level formula_7. When received, the codeword vector variance is now formula_7, and its mean is the codeword sent. The vector is very likely to be contained in a sphere of radius formula_47 around the codeword sent. If we decode by mapping every message received onto the codeword at the center of this sphere, then an error occurs only when the received vector is outside of this sphere, which is very unlikely.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Each codeword vector has an associated sphere of received codeword vectors which are decoded to it and each such sphere must map uniquely onto a codeword. Because these spheres therefore must not intersect, we are faced with the problem of sphere packing. How many distinct codewords can we pack into our formula_39-bit codeword vector? The received vectors have a maximum energy of formula_49 and therefore must occupy a sphere of radius formula_50. Each codeword sphere has radius formula_51. The volume of an "n"-dimensional sphere is directly proportional to formula_52, so the maximum number of uniquely decodeable spheres that can be packed into our sphere with transmission power P is:


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: A codebook, known to both encoder and decoder, is generated by selecting codewords of length n, i.i.d. Gaussian with variance formula_55 and mean zero. For large n, the empirical variance of the codebook will be very close to the variance of its distribution, thereby avoiding violation of the power constraint probabilistically.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Received messages are decoded to a message in the codebook which is uniquely jointly typical. If there is no such message or if the power constraint is violated, a decoding error is declared.


title: Additive white Gaussian noise

text: Let formula_56 denote the codeword for message formula_2, while formula_58 is, as before the received vector. Define the following three events: