title: Mark Briscoe

text: At "Fifth Year Festival: Chicago", the Brothers finally reached the top of the mountain again, defeating Christopher Daniels and Matt Sydal to win the tag team championship. Their reign, however, proved to be brief, as they in turn to dropped the belts to Naruki Doi and Shingo Takagi in their first defense, at "Fifth Year Festival: Liverpool". After this match, the storyline was that the brothers felt they needed to "man up" due to losing the title in their first defense, just as they had the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship earlier in the year. Thus, the two faced off what was described as "one time only" at "Fifth Year Festival: Finale". The match ended in a draw, with both of them unable to answer the referee's standing ten-count. At the next event, "All Star Extravaganza III", they won the title back from Doi and Shingo, but in the course of the match Mark was seriously injured attempting a Shooting Star Press to the floor. Mark was kept in the ICU of hospital for two nights, and suffered a seizure there before eventually being released. Two weeks later, at "Fighting Spirit", Mark made an unadvertised and unannounced return, entering through the crowd to come to his brother's side during his match with Erick Stevens against Kevin Steen and El Generico. The storyline was that with Mark out and injured, Jay was tagging with Stevens as a replacement. The No Remorse Corps then ran in and attacked Stevens, and Jay was momentarily left without a partner until Mark entered. Mark eventually suffered the fall in the match after several bumps to the head. They then began to feud with Steen and Generico. After successfully retaining the tag title over Claudio Castagnoli and Matt Sydal at ROH's first pay-per-view "Respect is Earned", Steen and Generico showed up and immediately demanded their title shot; the scene followed with a wild brawl all over the building. The feud was followed on both ROH's standard canon, with Steen defeating Mark at "A Fight at the Roxbury", and the PPV series, with the Brothers successfully retaining the tag team title against Steen and Generico at "Driven", after which Steen repeatedly attacked both brothers with a ladder. The Briscoes then retained over Steen and Generico in a steel cage match at "Caged Rage" and in ROH's first-ever ladder match at "Man Up".


title: Mark Briscoe

text: After the ladder match, Jimmy Jacobs and the other members of The Age of the Fall attacked the Brothers and hanged Jay upside-down from the apparatus which held up the belts. It was announced that this would not be included in the footage shown on PPV, although it was soon after shown on ROH's video wire and was included with the DVD of the event. After Mark was again injured in a motorcycle accident, though considerably less serious, Jay was alone in a match held at the taping for ROH's fourth PPV, "Undeniable". This was an anything goes match against Necro Butcher of the Age of the Fall, which he did not win. On November 30, the Briscoes had a match which was taped to be included in "Undeniable", a tag team title defense against Davey Richards and Rocky Romero, which they won. At "Final Battle 2007", the Briscoes lost the ROH World Tag Team Championship to Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black of The Age of the Fall, but won it back on April 12, 2008, at "Injustice", defeating Richards and Romero, who had since won the championship from Jacobs and Black. On April 20, ROH's official website reported that Mark had sustained a wrist injury due to Jacobs stabbing him with his trademark rail spike and stood to miss up to six months. The next day, the company announced that Jay and a partner of his choosing would continue to be recognized as the tag team champions. This partner was later revealed to be Austin Aries. After their successful defense against Jacobs & Black on May 10 at "A New Level", the championship was declared vacant. Mark returned to active competition at "Northern Navigation" on July 25, teaming with Jay and Aries to defeat The Age of the Fall in a no disqualification match. On December 19, 2009, at Final Battle 2009, the Briscoes won the ROH World Tag Team Championship for a record sixth time by defeating The American Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards). They went on to lose the championship to The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli) at The Big Bang! pay-per-view on April 3. On August 23, 2010, Ring of Honor announced that the company had signed the Briscoe Brothers to contract extensions. The Briscoe Brothers ended their feud with the Kings of Wrestling on December 18 at Final Battle 2010, where they teamed with their father Mike "Papa" Briscoe in a six-man tag team match, where they defeated Hero, Castagnoli and their manager Shane Hagadorn. On January 25, 2011, Ring of Honor announced that the Briscoe Brothers had signed new contract extensions with the promotion. On March 19 at "Manhattan Mayhem IV", the Briscoe Brothers turned heel after suffering an upset loss against the All Night Xpress (Kenny King and Rhett Titus). On September 17 at Death Before Dishonor IX, the All Night Xpress defeated the Briscoe Brothers in a ladder match to become the number one contenders to the ROH World Tag Team Championship. At Final Battle 2011 on December 23, the Briscoes defeated Wrestling's Greatest Tag Team (Charlie Haas and Shelton Benjamin) to win the ROH World Tag Team Championship for the seventh time, turning back to faces in the process. On May 12, 2012, at Border Wars, the Briscoe Brothers lost the title back to Haas and Benjamin. On December 16 at , the Briscoe Brothers defeated S.C.U.M. (Jimmy Jacobs and Steve Corino) and Caprice Coleman and Cedric Alexander in a three-way match to win the ROH World Tag Team Championship for the eighth time. They lost the title to Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly on March 2, 2013, at the 11th Anniversary Show.


title: Mark Briscoe

text: On June 22 at Best in the World 2013, Mark unsuccessfully challenged his brother Jay Briscoe for the ROH World Championship. On June 25, it was reported that both Jay's and Mark's contracts with ROH had expired and would not be renewed. On July 16, ROH announced Mark as the sixteenth and final entrant in a tournament to determine the new ROH World Champion. Mark was eliminated from the tournament in his first round match on July 27 by Adam Cole. On September 28, Mark won the Honor Rumble to earn a shot at the ROH World Championship, but was later that same event defeated by Cole. On May 17, 2014, the Briscoe Brothers took part in the ROH/New Japan Pro-Wrestling co-produced War of the Worlds iPPV, where they unsuccessfully challenged Bullet Club (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) for the IWGP Tag Team Championship.


title: Mark Briscoe

text: At Death Before Dishonor XIV Mark was unsuccessfully of defeating Bobby Fish for the ROH World Television Championship. At Field of Honor The Briscoes (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe) was in a Tag Team Gauntlet match was they were unsuccessfully of winning the ROH World Tag Team Championship which included The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian), War Machine (Hanson and Ray Rowe), The All Night Express (Rhett Titus and Kenny King), Chaos (Gedo and Toru Yano), Cheeseburger and Will Ferrara and Leon St. Giovanni and Shaheem Ali. At All Star Extravaganza VIII The Briscoe teamed with Toru Yano and was defeated by Kushida, A. C. H. and Jay White in the first round of the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship Tournament. At Final Battle The Briscoe unsuccessfully against The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) for the ROH World Tag Team Championship.


title: Mark Briscoe

text: On March 11, 2017, The Briscoes and Bully Ray defeated The Kingdom to win the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship. They lost the title to Dalton Castle and The Boys on June 23 at Best in the World. The Briscoes and Bully Ray challenged for the title again on September 22 at Death Before Dishonor XV, but were defeated by Hangman Page and The Young Bucks, when Jay turned on Ray. On October 20, Mark also turned on Ray, attacking him and Tommy Dreamer with his brother.


title: Mark Briscoe

text: On March 9, 2018, at ROH 16th Anniversary Show, The Briscoes defeated The Motor City Machine Guns to win the ROH World Tag Team Championship for a ninth time. The lost the title on October 14, 2018, against So Cal Uncensored (Kazarian and Scorpio Sky).


title: Mark Briscoe

text: Through ROH's working relationship with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), the Briscoes made their NJPW debut on January 4, 2016, at Wrestle Kingdom 10 in Tokyo Dome, where they teamed with Toru Yano to defeat Bullet Club (Bad Luck Fale, Tama Tonga and Yujiro Takahashi) to become the inaugural NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions. Through their affiliation with Yano, the Briscoes also became part of the Chaos stable. The three made their first successful title defense the following day against another Bullet Club trio of Fale, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson. On February 11 at The New Beginning in Osaka, the Briscoes and Yano lost the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship to Fale, Tonga and Takahashi in their second defense. The Briscoes and Yano regained the title three days later at The New Beginning in Niigata. On February 20 at , the Briscoes and Yano lost the title to The Elite (Kenny Omega, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson).


title: Mark Briscoe

text: The Briscoes returned to NJPW on June 19 at Dominion 6.19 in Osaka-jo Hall, where they defeated Guerrillas of Destiny (Tama Tonga and Tanga Loa) to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship. They made their first successful title defense on August 14 against the Bullet Club team of Hangman Page and Yujiro Takahashi. On September 22 at Destruction in Hiroshima, The Briscoe Brothers defeated reigning IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions The Young Bucks for their second successful title defense. On October 10 at King of Pro-Wrestling, they lost the title back to Tonga and Loa.


title: Mark Briscoe

text: On April 1, 2022 at Multiverse of Matches, The Briscoe Brothers made their Impact Wrestling debut, losing to The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson). On May 7, 2022, they defeated Violent By Design (represented by Eric Young and Deaner) at Under Siege to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship for the first time.


title: Unique local address

text: A unique local address (ULA) is an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address in the address range . Its purpose in IPv6 is somewhat analogous to IPv4 private network addressing, but with significant differences. Unique local addresses may be used freely, without centralized registration, inside a single site or organization or spanning a limited number of sites or organizations. They are routable only within the scope of such private networks, but not in the global IPv6 Internet.


title: Unique local address

text: In December 1995, the IPv6 address block was reserved for site-local addresses, that could be used within a "site" for private IPv6 networks. However, insufficient definition of the term "site" led to confusion over the governing routing rules.


title: Unique local address

text: In September 2004, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) deprecated the definition of this address range, and postulated solutions to its problems. The special behaviour for this type of addresses as required at that time was lifted in 2006 and the block returned to regular global unicast.


title: Unique local address

text: In October 2005, the IETF reserved the address block for use in private IPv6 networks and defined the associated term unique local addresses.


title: Unique local address

text: Unique local addresses use prefix , extended with an 'L' bit which indicates that the address is locally assigned. This splits the address block in two equally sized halves, and .


title: Unique local address

text: The block with L = 0, is currently not defined. It has been proposed that an allocation authority manage it, but this has not gained acceptance in the IETF.


title: Unique local address

text: The block with L = 1, or locally assigned addresses, is divided into prefixes, formed by setting the forty bits following the prefix to a randomly generated bit string. This results in the format for a prefix in this range. RFC 4193 offers a suggestion for generating the random identifier to obtain a minimum-quality result if the user does not have access to a good source of random numbers.


title: Unique local address

text: A routing prefix in the range may be constructed by generating a random 40-bit hexadecimal string, taken for this example to be "0x123456789a". The string is appended to the prefix , which forms the 48-bit routing prefix . With this prefix, subnets of size are available for the private network: to . For example Subnet ID 0x1 would be the subnet .


title: Unique local address

text: Prefixes in the range have some characteristics in common with the IPv4 private address ranges: They are not allocated by an address registry and may be used in networks by anyone without outside involvement. They are not mathematically guaranteed to be globally unique, but the probability of a collision is nevertheless extremely small. Reverse Domain Name System (DNS) entries (in ip6.arpa) for ULAs cannot be delegated in the global DNS.


title: Unique local address

text: As ULAs are not meant to be routed outside their administrative domain (site or organization), administrators of interconnecting networks normally do not need to worry about the uniqueness of ULA prefixes. However, if networks require routing ULAs between each other in the event of a merger, for example, the risk of address collision is very small if the RFC 4193 selection algorithm was used.


title: Unique local address

text: SixXS attempted to maintain a voluntary registration database for ULA prefixes to reduce the risk of different organisations using identical prefixes. When the SixXS services were discontinued on 6 June 2017, the database became read-only.


title: Unique local address

text: On 6 December 2020, the Swiss based company 'ungleich' announced to revive the IPv6 ULA registry based on the original SixXS database, citing user demands for a ULA registry.


title: Unique local address

text: For the range , different design decisions have been proposed and submitted to the IETF, trading the risk of non-uniqueness for the requirement that the range be managed by a central allocation authority. However, such attempts at standardizing this range have not resulted in a Request for Comments.


title: Louis Riddick

text: Louis Angelo Riddick (born March 15, 1969) is an American football broadcaster and former player (safety position) who played in the NFL from 1991 to 1998, His brother, Robb Riddick, was a running back with the Buffalo Bills for eight seasons. His cousins, Will Lewis and Tim Lewis, also played in the NFL and hold management positions for professional football teams. He is an analyst for ESPN on "Monday Night Football" alongside Steve Levy.


title: Louis Riddick

text: He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the ninth round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He also played for the Sacramento Surge, Atlanta Falcons, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, and Orlando Rage in his playing career.


title: Louis Riddick

text: After his playing career ended, Riddick became a pro scout for the Washington Redskins for four years before being promoted to Director of Pro Personnel. He was hired by the Philadelphia Eagles as a pro scout in 2008. He was promoted to Director of Pro Personnel on February 3, 2010.


title: Louis Riddick

text: Riddick later joined ESPN as an analyst. In 2020, he became an announcer for ESPN's coverage of "Monday Night Football".


title: Louis Riddick

text: In December 2020, various sources reported Riddick was being interviewed for the GM vacancies for both the Houston Texans and Detroit Lions.


title: Louis Riddick

text: In February 2022, the Pittsburgh Steelers announced that they would be interviewing Riddick for their GM vacancy.


title: Stuart Zender

text: Stuart Patrick Jude Zender (born 18 March 1974) is an English bassist. He is best known as a former member of the band Jamiroquai.


title: Stuart Zender

text: Zender was born in Sheffield, England. He comes from a family with a musical background: Zender's father was a musician, his uncle was a flamenco guitarist, and his older sister participated in punk bands. His family relocated to Norristown, Pennsylvania, when Zender was seven years old. He moved back to England at age 15, where he attended Leighton Park School in Reading, UK, for a year in 1988–89 before being expelled. Before leaving his home at age seventeen, Zender's mother had saved for him £2,000 for the occasion.


title: Stuart Zender

text: As Zender said, he never had good business acumen, so instead of investing that money in some way, he visited a music store and bought a Warwick Streamer bass guitar which cost nearly the whole amount given to him by his mother. Before picking up a Warwick, Zender played a Music Man Stingray bass guitar. Of his early bands, the most famous was the prank rock group Fabulous, a 1991 outfit chiefly made up of "NME" writers and photographers. He also said that in another interview, he played a drum with a circus group without animals at that time.


title: Stuart Zender

text: When Zender got out of school, he auditioned for Jamiroquai in 1993 as the band's bassist, and played on studio albums from "Emergency on Planet Earth" (1993) to "Travelling Without Moving" (1996). From there, Zender was asked to become an official Warwick basses endorser. He received a number of unique custom shop Streamer models.


title: Stuart Zender

text: Zender left Jamiroquai in 1998 during the recording of their fourth album, "Synkronized", primarily because of conflicts with the band leader Jay Kay. A spokesperson for the band said that Zender also expressed his desire to spend more time with his new wife Melanie Blatt, one of UK girl group All Saints, and their new baby Lilyella.


title: Stuart Zender

text: After Jamiroquai, Zender had his own project with the British soul artist Don-E called AZUR, which signed a record deal with d'Angelo's label. However, the project was shelved and was then available on the Internet for a short time. He has also played bass guitar with other artists, including All Saints, Omar, Lauryn Hill, D'Angelo, Gorillaz, Samuel Purdey, Ms. Dynamite and Stevie Wonder. He and Melanie Blatt were together for seven years. They have one daughter, named Lilyella. Some of Zender's most recent work was with the band Leroi. Zender explained they were signed to Geffen Records in Los Angeles but the deal fell through after the heads of the company, Polly Anthony and Jordan Shurr, who signed them, were made redundant.


title: Stuart Zender

text: Zender left Los Angeles in summer 2006 to become the musical director and bass guitar player for Mark Ronson. The release of the album "Version" in 2007 proved to be a larger success than first expected. He has played bass guitar for Ronson at events such as BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend, Wireless Festival, Global Gathering, and Glastonbury, and festivals all over Europe including Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland and North Sea Jazz Festival in Rotterdam. They were also special guests on Jay-Z's UK tour.


title: Stuart Zender

text: Having left the Mark Ronson band in 2011, Zender started his own record label, White Buffalo Recordings, and formerly ran the music publishing company Made Youth Inc.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: Disney Digital Network is an American multi-channel network located in Culver City, California. It was originally the successor to Maker Studios, co-founded by Lisa Donovan, Danny Zappin, Scott Katz, Kassem Gharaibeh, Shay Carl, Rawn Erickson II, Ben Donovan, and Philip DeFranco in 2009. Maker Studios was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2014 for $500 million, and was absorbed into the newly formed Disney Digital Network in 2017.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: Outside the United States, the former Maker Studios had significant audiences in the United Kingdom, Brazil and Australia, and was aiming to expand its Asian operations, where it once had 700 million monthly unique views. Ran by René Rechtman (who now runs Moonbug Entertainment), president for the international division, Maker had plans to build a headquarters in London for its commercial, production and marketing activities outside the USA. An Asian hub had been established in Singapore, which offered limited commercial and marketing support before the company was sold to The Walt Disney Company.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: Following the Disney acquisition, the company suffered multiple rounds of layoffs, executive shuffling, and partner cut-offs.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: In June 2012, Maker Studios announced that over 1,000 channels signed under the network have received and accumulated over 1.1 billion views for the month of June 2012. At the time, YouTube channels under Maker Studios collectively earned over 90 million subscribers. In October 2012, Maker Studios surpassed Machinima to become the number one independent YouTube network. However, since that time, according to comScore, in December 2012, Fullscreen passed Maker to become the top ranked YouTube-based network.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: From late 2012 through 2013, Maker Studios and Ray William Johnson were involved in a public feud that received considerable media attention. Maker Studios formerly produced Johnson's "Equals Three" and "Your Favorite Martian" series. In October 2012, Johnson announced he would be leaving Maker Studios in an episode of "Equals Three". Johnson also formed his own production studio, Runaway Machine (formerly Runaway Planet). Johnson has stated online that he left Maker Studios due to the pressure the company put on him into signing a contract which gave Maker a 40% share of his channel's AdSense revenue and 50% of his show's intellectual property rights. He stated that they were using "thuggish tactics" to pressure him into signing the contract, one of which was allegedly leveraging his AdSense account for the intellectual property rights to Your Favorite Martian. He also claimed that Maker Studios CEO, Danny Zappin, is a convicted felon, which he was not made aware of, when teaming up with Maker Studios. Zappin later publicly admitted to this claim. This was one of the first such publicized contract disputes between a YouTube content creator and their multi-channel network.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: In December 2012, Maker announced that it had closed a $36 million round of financing led by Time Warner Investments.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: On March 24, 2014, Maker Studios, Inc. agreed to sell itself to The Walt Disney Company for $500 million, rising to $950 million if financial milestones were met. On April 14, 2014, Relativity Media submitted a competing bid of up to $1.1 billion, but Maker denied the bid. In 2014, Jukin Media partnered with Maker Studios, giving Maker Studios access to Jukin's library of video clips, and giving Jukin access to Maker's operational resources, The partnership also resulted in the launch of a dedicated website for "FailArmy", Jukin's owned and operated entertainment brand. In December 2015, the company became a subsidiary of Disney Consumer Products and the Disney Interactive division of The Walt Disney Company. The Network also partnered with Fusion TV in a deal that falls under the corporate umbrella of The Walt Disney Company.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: In February 2017, Maker Studios had around 60,000 YouTube partnerships, but announced that it intends to reduce this to about 1,000. Many partnered YouTubers had been unhappy with the terms of their contracts, including difficulty with ending contracts. On May 2, 2017, Disney absorbed the studio into the newly formed Disney Digital Network.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: On January 19, 2018, Twitch signed a deal with Disney to secure exclusive content from some of the entertainment giant's top YouTubers, including Markiplier, Jacksepticeye, Strawburry17 and LuzuGames. A total of four YouTubers (with a combined total of over 44 million subscribers), are involved in the deal, and each will manage their own channels on Twitch. In 2017, DeFranco had bought back Maker Studios (automatically by proxy making DDN, not to be confused with Discovery Digital Networks, into a separate company). However, DeFranco has absorbed it into his new MCN and Digg copycat under the ownership of DeFranco Inc. (Originally owned by Revision3 and later owned by Discovery Digital Networks through Rev3 until the shutdown of both of them in 2016 and 2017) named Rogue Rocket.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: Courtney Holt was the chief strategy officer of Maker Studios. Due to Danny Zappin stepping down as the company's CEO, Ynon Kreiz, former CEO and Chairman of Endemol became the CEO of Maker Studios in May 2013. Prior to Kreiz becoming the CEO of Maker, he was the company's chairman. Ryan Lissack is the current CTO of Maker Studios. In December 2015, Courtney Holt replaced Ynon Kreiz as CEO, coming a year after Disney's acquisition of the group.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: Maker Studios produced videos for channels on YouTube, including "Consider the Source", Tessa Violet, Chuggaaconroy, Yves Bole, KassemG, Timothy DeLaGhetto, Peter Shukoff and Lloyd Ahlquist's "Epic Rap Battles of History" (seasons 1-5), Joseph Garrett's "Wonder Quest" and "I Wonder", KingManProds, Sam Macaroni, along with several others that have almost as many viewers as Nickelodeon. Maker's first three channels produced for YouTube included "Maker Music Network", "Tutele", and "The Mom's View", with both " Maker Music Network" and " Tutele" channels shutting down within six months of their launch. Maker Studios have also signed celebrities such as famous rapper Snoop Dogg and his YouTube channel WestFestTV, actor Robert De Niro's Tribeca Enterprises, and Kevin Smith.


title: Disney Digital Network

text: In 2013, the most popular Maker production was "Epic Rap Battles of History", which averaged 30 million views an episode. Maker's most successful channel was PewDiePie, who was the most-subscribed user on YouTube. He was signed under the Maker sub-network Polaris and later Revelmode until February 13, 2017, when Maker dropped him as a result of the international backlash to jokes and actions that media outlets widely described as anti-semitic. During his time with the network, Maker produced his YouTube Red (now YouTube Premium) show "Scare PewDiePie" with Skybound Entertainment. Disney Digital Network in 2017 produced "Hyperlinked", a series distributed on YouTube Red and based on the story of the social network Miss O and Friends, and "Club Mickey Mouse", a reboot of "The Mickey Mouse Club" airing exclusively online on social media.


title: Homosociality

text: In sociology, homosociality means same-sex relationships that are not of a romantic or sexual nature, such as friendship, mentorship, or others. Researchers who use the concept mainly do so to explain how men uphold men's dominance in society.


title: Homosociality

text: "Homosocial" was popularized by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick in her discussion of "male homosocial desire". Sedgwick used the term to distinguish from "homosexual" and to connote a form of male bonding often accompanied by fear or hatred of homosexuality. Jean Lipman-Blumen had earlier (1976) defined homosociality as a preference for members of one's own sex – a social rather than a sexual preference.


title: Homosociality

text: In a study presented by Rose, males and females between the ages of 20 and 28 were examined on their evaluations of same- and cross-sex friendships. Results showed a preference for same-sex relationships in both men and women. Cross-sex relationships were evaluated by men and women to be less helpful, and less loyal than same-sex friendships, and friendship formation was found to be different between cross-sex and same-sex relationships as well.


title: Homosociality

text: Depending on the culture, and family, and social structures, same-sex preferences have been found to develop between 3 and 9 years old. (LaFreniere, Strayer,& Gauthier, 1984; Jacklin& Maccoby, 1978; Harkness & Super, 1985). LaFreniere, Strayer, and Gauthier (1984) conducted a three-year-long study observing fifteen peer groups between the ages of 1 to 6 years old, 98 boys and 93 girls. As they looked into sex segregation in childhood, the researchers found that segregation rose with age and that most Western children exhibit these preferences around 3–4 years old. However, in a study by Harkenss and Super, Kenyan children were not found to have sex-preference in playmates until the ages of 6 to 9 years old. Researchers observed 152 Kenyan children in rural settings and found that this change didn't occur until parental expectations and customary duties increased. "Just when and how such gender segregation appears, is the joint product of the individual and the culturally constructed niche" (Harkness & Super, 1985).


title: Homosociality

text: It appears that the social bias towards members of one's own sex can develop early in children. Specifically, studies have found that by the early age of 3 or 4, children prefer members of their own sex to members of the opposite sex (Bussey & Bandura, 1992). That is, young girls favor other females (girls and women) over males (boys and men). The findings are identical for young boys. Moreover, a study done by Carol Martin (1989) found that boys 4.5 years of age expressed significantly more dislike for a girl depicted as a "tomboy" than a boy depicted as a "sissy"; whereas boys 8.5 years of age express more dislike for a boy depicted as a "sissy". This age difference suggests that children as young as 4 prefer their own sex regardless of gender-incongruent behavior. Around the age of 8 however, boys begin to adhere to and appreciate the social expectations for males—devaluing feminine behavior. It has also been shown that children ages 10–12 prefer same-sex socializing. That is, girls favored girls who socialized with other girls and boys liked boys who socialized with other boys.


title: Homosociality

text: Homosociality, by definition, implies neither heterosexuality nor homosexuality. For example, a heterosexual male who prefers to socialize with men may be considered a homosocial heterosexual. The term is often used by feminists to emphasize aspects of solidarity between males. Some feminists also identify a close link between female homosociality, feminism, and lesbian desire, with Audre Lorde stating "the true feminist deals out of a lesbian consciousness whether or not she ever sleeps with women."


title: Homosociality

text: Homosociality is a term sometimes used in discussions of the all-male world of knightly life in medieval culture. It is also used for historically largely male occupations such as being a sailor (for example, historian Marcus Rediker uses the term to describe the pirate world). Homosocial relationships are not obliged to be sexual relationships; they are merely same-sex social interactions.


title: Homosociality

text: Generally, the more polarized the gender roles and restrictive the sexual code, the more homosociality one expects to find in a society.


title: Homosociality

text: Feminist scholars such as Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Heidi Hartmann and others have emphasized the role of male homosociality in perpetuating perceived patterns of male dominance in the workplace. Kanter has explored "metaphorical 'homosocial reproduction' - how men attempt to reproduce their dominant power relations by only uniting with and sharing the same occupational space and privilege with those males" who resemble them - although "subsequent research has suggested some revisions of Kanter's underlying argument...[re] 'homosocial reproduction'". Timothy Laurie has criticized how "homosociality" is used in the sociology of masculinity, noting that "much extant research on [homosociality] retains the premise that men innately seek identification and communication with other men. The mysterious malepolitik is thus privileged over men's relationships to femininity, or women's relationships to masculinity". In terms of specific studies, Karen Gabriel offers a useful mapping of the working of homosociality in the context of India.


title: Homosociality

text: There is further controversy regarding the relationship between homosociality and homosexuality: "how, if at all, male homosociality is connected to male homosexuality is one of the key questions posed by scholars in the field". Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick identifies a continuum between homosociality and homosexuality, going as far as correlating feminism and lesbian desire. This approach has been compared to Adrienne Rich's concept of the "lesbian continuum."


title: Homosociality

text: At the same time, Sedgwick "defines male homosociality as a form of male bonding with a characteristic triangular structure. In this triangle, men have intense but nonsexual bonds with other men, and women serve as the conduits through which those bonds are expressed". Sedgwick's analysis of "the love triangle in which two men appear to be competing for a woman's love...develops René Girard's claim that such a triangle may disguise as rivalry what is actually an attraction between men". Girard argued that "the homosexual drift stems logically from the fact that the model/rival is a man", producing at times a "noticeably increased preponderance of the mediator and a gradual obliteration of the [female] object".


title: Homosociality

text: Research at the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society (ARCSHS), La Trobe University, has found that mutual identification over heterosexual activity is often the medium through which male homosocial bonding is enacted.


title: Homosociality

text: In popular culture, the word "bromance" has recently been used to refer to an especially close homosocial yet non-sexual relationship between two men. Bromance is most often used in the case of two heterosexual partners, although there have been prominent celebrity gay-straight bromances (also known as homomances or hobromances). The female equivalent is a womance.


title: Homosociality

text: Eve Sedgwick says, "Shakespeare's Sonnets seem to offer a single, discursive, deeply felt "narrative" of the dangers and vicissitudes of one male homosocial adventure."


title: Mankind Pharma

text: Mankind Pharma is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company, based in Delhi. The company has products in therapeutic areas ranging from antibiotics, to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, dermal, and erectile dysfunction medications.


title: Mankind Pharma

text: Mankind Pharma is reportedly among the top two prescription drug companies in India by sales. Mankind Pharma's Manforce is the largest condom brand in India by market share, while Prega News is the largest selling pregnancy detection kit brand.


title: Mankind Pharma

text: Mankind Pharma came into existence in 1991, when it was formed into a legal corporation. Mankind Pharma actively started its operations in 1995. It started working as a fully integrated pharmaceutical company with the contributions of two brothers, Ramesh C. Juneja and Rajeev Juneja. The seed capital for establishing the company was lakhs. The company was started with 20 employees and launched in two states in the first year of its operation.


title: Mankind Pharma

text: The company acquired Magnet Labs Pvt. Ltd. to enter the antipsychotic segment in 2007. Also it acquired Longifene-an appetite stimulant for children in January 2010 which was earlier a brand of UCB.


title: Mankind Pharma

text: In 2019, Mankind became the first Indian company and second only in the world to develop and launch Dydrogesterone, a drug used in high risk pregnancies and infertility by the brand name Dydroboon.


title: Mankind Pharma

text: In 2022, Mankind acquired Panacea Biotec Pharma's domestic formulations brands in India and Nepal for . It then acquired a respiratory treatment product and an infant skincare brand from Dr. Reddy's Laboratories. It also bought a majority stake in the Ayurvedic and herbal products manufacturer, Upakarma Ayurveda.


title: European Australians

text: European Australians are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe. They form the largest panethnic group in the country. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within European ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 57.2% (including 46% North-West European and 11.2% Southern and Eastern European). It is impossible to quantify the precise proportion of the population with European ancestry. For instance, many census recipients nominated two European ancestries, tending towards an overcount. Conversely, 29.9% of census recipients nominated "Australian" ancestry (categorised within the Oceanian ancestry group although the Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most of them are likely to have at least partial Anglo-Celtic European ancestry), tending towards an undercount.


title: European Australians

text: Since the early 19th century, people of European descent have formed the majority of the population in Australia. Historically, European immigrants had great influence over Australian culture and society, which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European-derived country.


title: European Australians

text: The majority of European Australians are of British Isles – English, Irish, Scottish, or Welsh – ancestral origin. While not an official ancestral classification, they are often referred to as Anglo-Celtic Australians. Other significant ancestries include Italian, German, Greek, Dutch, European New Zealanders, Polish, Maltese, and Scandinavian.


title: European Australians

text: The Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Census does not collect data based on race. Instead, it collects information on distinct ancestries, of which census respondents can select up to two. For the purposes of aggregating data, the Australian Bureau of Statistics in its "Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG)" has grouped certain ancestries into certain categories, including the following two broad European groupings:


title: European Australians

text: While officially part of the North-West European classification, Australians of English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh or Cornish ancestral origins are often informally referred to as Anglo-Celtic Australians.


title: European Australians

text: The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most people nominating "Australian" ancestry have at least partial Anglo-Celtic European ancestry, although they are officially categorised as part of the Oceanian group.


title: European Australians

text: The first records of European mariners sailing into 'Australian' waters occurs around 1606, and includes their observations of the land known as Terra Australis Incognita (unknown southern land). The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutchman, Willem Janszoon.


title: European Australians

text: Between 1606 and 1770, an estimated 54 European ships from a range of nations made contact. Many of these were merchant ships from the Dutch East Indies Company and included the ships of Abel Tasman. Tasman charted parts of the north, west and south coasts of Australia which was then known as New Holland.


title: European Australians

text: In 1770, Englishman Lieutenant James Cook charted the Australian east coast in his ship HM Barque Endeavour. Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for King George III of Great Britain on 22 August 1770 when standing on Possession Island off the west coast of Cape York Peninsula, naming eastern Australia "New South Wales'. The coast of Australia, featuring Tasmania as a separate island, was mapped in detail by the English mariners and navigators Bass and Flinders, and the French mariner, Baudin. A nearly completed map of the coastline was published by Flinders in 1814.


title: European Australians

text: This period of European exploration is reflected in the names of landmarks such as the Torres Strait, Arnhem Land, Dampier Sound, Tasmania, the Furneaux Islands, Cape Frecinyet and La Perouse. French expeditions between 1790 and the 1830s, led by D'Entrecasteaux, Baudin, and Furneaux, were recorded by the naturalists Labillardière and Péron.


title: European Australians

text: The British Crown Colony of New South Wales started with the establishment of a settlement at Sydney Cove by Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. These land masses included the current islands of New Zealand, which was administered as part of New South Wales until it became a separate colony in 1841. Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, was first settled in 1803.


title: European Australians

text: Other British settlements followed, at various points around the continent, most of them unsuccessful. In 1824, a penal colony was established near the mouth of the Brisbane River (the basis of the later colony of Queensland). In 1826, a British military camp was established in Western Australia at King George Sound, to discourage French colonisation. (The camp formed the basis of the later town of Albany.) In 1829, the Swan River Colony and its capital of Perth were founded on the west coast proper and also assumed control of King George Sound. Initially a free colony, Western Australia later accepted British convicts, because of an acute labour shortage.


title: European Australians

text: The British Colonial Office in 1835 issued the "Proclamation of Governor Bourke", implementing the legal doctrine of "terra nullius" upon which British settlement was based, reinforcing the notion that the land belonged to no one prior to the British Crown taking possession of it and quashing earlier treaties with Aboriginal peoples, such as that signed by John Batman. Its publication meant that from then, "all" people found occupying land without the authority of the government would be considered illegal trespassers.


title: European Australians

text: Separate colonies were created from parts of New South Wales: South Australia in 1836, New Zealand in 1840, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. The Northern Territory was founded in 1863 as part of South Australia. The transportation of convicts to Australia was phased out between 1840 and 1868.


title: European Australians

text: The European population grew from 0.3 percent of the population of the continent at 1800 to 58.6 percent at 1850.


title: European Australians

text: Massive areas of land were cleared for agriculture and various other purposes, in addition to the obvious impacts this early clearing of land had on the ecology of particular regions, it severely affected indigenous Australians, by reducing the resources they relied on for food, shelter and other essentials. This progressively forced them into smaller areas and reduced their numbers as the majority died of newly introduced diseases and lack of resources. Indigenous resistance against the settlers was widespread, and prolonged fighting between 1788 and the 1930s led to the deaths of at least 20,000 Indigenous people and between 2,000 and 2,500 Europeans.


title: European Australians

text: Irish formed about 25 per cent of the European Australian population in the nineteenth century. Germans formed the largest non-British community for most of the 19th century.


title: European Australians

text: In 1971 nine out of the top ten birthplace groups were from European countries and accounted for 77.2% of all people born overseas.


title: European Australians

text: People from the United Kingdom still form the largest group. However, their number as a proportion of the total overseas-born population has declined, falling from 40.6% (1,046,356) in 1971 to 17.7% (1,078,064) in 2016.


title: European Australians

text: Following World War II, the Australian government instigated a massive program of European immigration. After narrowly preventing a Japanese invasion and suffering attacks on Australian soil for the first time, it was seen that the country must "populate or perish". Prior to WWII, Australia had viewed itself as largely of British and Irish ancestry but after WWII the success of the United States and the reason for its success, that is largely the creation of a European diaspora, could not be ignored by Australia. Immigration brought traditional migrants from the United Kingdom along with, for the first time, large numbers of southern and central Europeans, as well as Eastern European Australians. A booming Australian economy stood in sharp contrast to war-ravaged Europe, and newly arrived migrants found employment in government-assisted programs such as the Snowy Mountains Scheme. Two million immigrants arrived between 1948 and 1975, many from Robert Menzies' newly founded Liberal Party of Australia dominated much of the immediate post-war era, defeating the Australian Labor Party government of Ben Chifley in 1949. Menzies oversaw the post-war expansion and became the country's longest-serving leader. Manufacturing industry, previously playing a minor part in an economy dominated by primary production, greatly expanded. Since the 1970s and the abolition of the White Australia policy from Asia and other parts of the world, Australia's demography, culture and image of itself has been radically transformed.


title: European Australians

text: In 1987, the vast majority of European Australians were descendants either of Anglo-Irish-Scots who arrived after 1850, or of Greeks, Italians, Hungarians, South Slavs, Poles and Germans who emigrated after 1945.


title: European Australians

text: Notably, Australia does not collect statistics on the racial origins of its residents, instead collecting data at each five-yearly census on distinct ancestries, of which each census respondent may choose up to two. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within European ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 57.2% (including 46% North-West European and 11.2% Southern and Eastern European). It is impossible to quantify the precise proportion of the population with European ancestry. For instance, many census recipients nominated two European ancestries, tending towards an overcount. Conversely, 29.9% of census recipients nominated "Australian" ancestry (categorised within the Oceanian ancestry group although the Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most of them are likely to have at least partial Anglo-Celtic European ancestry), tending towards an undercount.


title: European Australians

text: At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated European ancestries were as set out in the following table.


title: European Australians

text: Australia enumerated its population by race between 1911 and 1966, by racial-origin in 1971 and 1976, and by self-declared ancestry since 1986. From 1986 onwards, only estimates can be obtained from ancestry. The 1991 and 1996 census did not include a question on ancestry.


title: European Australians

text: The following table shows the proportion of Australian residents nominating European race or ancestry at various points in history.


title: European Australians

text: The following table shows the numbers of Australians claiming various European ancestries at selected historical intervals.


title: European Australians

text: The following table shows the proportions of European-born and British Isles-born residents at various points in history.


title: European Australians

text: As the earliest colonists of Australia, settlers from England and their descendants often held positions of power and made or helped make laws often because many had been involved in government back in England. In the original six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia.


title: European Australians

text: European-Australian culture is integral to the culture of Australia. The culture of Australia is essentially a Western culture influenced by the unique geography of the Australian continent, the diverse input of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and other Oceanian people, the British colonisation of Australia that began in 1788, and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration that followed. As the English were always the largest element among the settlers, their cultural influence was naturally greater than that of the Irish, Welsh or Scots. Evidence of a significant Anglo-Celtic heritage includes the predominance of the English language, the common law, the Westminster system of government, Christianity (Anglicanism) as the once dominant religion, and the popularity of sports such as cricket and rugby; all of which are part of the heritage that has shaped modern Australia. Australian culture has diverged significantly since British settlement.


title: European Australians

text: Several states and territories had their origins as penal colonies, with the first British convicts arriving at Sydney Cove in 1788. Stories of outlaws like the bushranger Ned Kelly have endured in Australian music, cinema and literature. The Australian gold rushes from the 1850s brought wealth as well as new social tensions to Australia, including the miners' Eureka Stockade rebellion. The colonies established elected parliaments and rights for workers and women before most other Western nations.


title: European Australians

text: Australian English is a major variety of the English language and is used throughout Australia. Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is the country's "de facto" official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.


title: European Australians

text: Australian English began to diverge from British English after the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788 and was recognised as being different from British English by 1820. It arose from the intermingling of early settlers from a great variety of mutually intelligible dialectal regions of the British Isles and quickly developed into a distinct variety of English.


title: European Australians

text: Australian English differs from other varieties of English in vocabulary, accent, pronunciation, register, grammar and spelling.


title: European Australians

text: The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colony of New South Wales. This first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australian-born children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and South East England.


title: European Australians

text: The native-born children of the colony created the new dialect from the speech they heard around them, and with it expressed mateship. Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to blunt other patterns of speech.


title: European Australians

text: A quarter of the convicts were Irish. Many had been arrested in Ireland, and some in Great Britain. Many, if not most, of the Irish convicts spoke either no English at all, or spoke it poorly and rarely. There were other significant populations of convicts from non-English speaking part of Britain, such as the Scottish Highlands and Wales.


title: European Australians

text: The most commonly spoken European languages other than English in Australia are Italian, Greek and German.


title: European Australians

text: The Sydney Opera House was formally opened on 20 October 1973, by Queen Elizabeth II. After a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.


title: European Australians

text: Australia has three architectural listings on UNESCO's World Heritage list: Australian Convict Sites (comprising a collection of separate sites around Australia, including Hyde Park Barracks in Sydney, Port Arthur in Tasmania, and Fremantle Prison in Western Australia); the Sydney Opera House; and the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne. Contemporary Australian architecture includes a number of other iconic structures, including the Harbour Bridge in Sydney and Parliament House, Canberra. Significant architects who have worked in Australia include Governor Lachlan Macquarie's colonial architect, Francis Greenway; the ecclesiastical architect William Wardell; the designer of Canberra's layout, Walter Burley Griffin; the modernist Harry Seidler; and Jørn Utzon, designer of the Sydney Opera House. The National Trust of Australia is a non-governmental organisation charged with protecting Australia's built heritage.


title: European Australians

text: , there have been 31 Prime Ministers of Australia. The ancestors of all these Prime Ministers have all been European and Anglo-Celtic (English, Scottish, Northern Irish, Welsh, or Irish). Some ancestors of four Prime Minister's did not emigrate from Britain or Ireland: some of the ancestors of Chris Watson were German (his father was German Chilean), some of the ancestors of Malcolm Fraser were European Jews, some of Tony Abbott's ancestors were Dutch migrants (one of his grandparents), and Anthony Albanese's ancestors on his father's side were Italians.


title: Barbara Stuart

text: Born in Paris, Illinois, Stuart was raised in Hume, Illinois. Following her high school graduation, she studied acting at the Schuster-Martin School of Drama in Cincinnati before moving to New York City, where she studied under Uta Hagen and Stella Adler.


title: Barbara Stuart

text: On stage, Stuart performed in the national touring company of "Lunatics and Lovers". In the early 1960s, she was a showgirl in Las Vegas. She also appeared in the films "Marines, Let's Go" (1961), "Hellfighters" (1968), Airplane! (1980), "Bachelor Party" (1984), and "Pterodactyl Woman from Beverly Hills" (1997).


title: Barbara Stuart

text: Stuart married actor Dick Gautier in 1967. Their honeymoon was canceled by her hospitalization for a blood clot in her leg. She was in the hospital for eight months as the clot moved to her lung and she developed pneumonia.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The 2000 Survivor Series was the 14th annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on November 19, 2000, at the Ice Palace in Tampa, Florida. The main event was a No Disqualification match between Stone Cold Steve Austin and Triple H. The match resulted in a no contest when the action spilled to the backstage area.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The undercard featured Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) and Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) versus Edge and Christian and Right to Censor (Bull Buchanan and The Goodfather) in a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match; Kurt Angle versus The Undertaker for the WWF Championship; Ivory versus Lita for the WWF Women's Championship; The Rock versus Rikishi; William Regal versus Hardcore Holly for the WWF European Championship; Kane versus Chris Jericho; The Radicalz (Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, Dean Malenko and Perry Saturn) versus Billy Gunn, Chyna, Road Dogg and K-Kwik in a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match and Steve Blackman, Crash Holly and Molly Holly versus T & A (Test and Albert) and Trish Stratus in a Six Person Mixed Tag match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: Survivor Series is an annual gimmick pay-per-view (PPV), produced every November by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) since 1987. In what has become the second longest running pay-per-view event in history (behind WWE's WrestleMania), it is one of the promotion's original four pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, and was considered one of the "Big Five" PPVs, along with King of the Ring. The event is traditionally characterized by having Survivor Series matches, which are tag team elimination matches that typically pits teams of four or five wrestlers against each other. The 2000 event was the 14th event in the Survivor Series chronology and was scheduled to be held on November 19, 2000, at the Ice Palace in Tampa, Florida.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: Survivor Series featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing feuds, plots, and storylines that were played out on "Raw is War" and "SmackDown!"—WWF's television programs. Wrestlers portrayed a hero or a villain as they followed a series of events that built tension, and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The main rivalry heading into the event was between Stone Cold Steve Austin and Triple H. The rivalry dated back to previous year's Survivor Series, when Austin was run down by a car in the backstage area and was sidelined for one year. At No Mercy, Austin competed against Rikishi in a No Holds Barred match as it was Rikishi, who had run down Austin with the car at Survivor Series. On the November 6 edition of "Raw is War", Austin competed against Rikishi and Kurt Angle in a Handicap match. Austin was being double-teamed by Rikishi and Angle until Triple H came to his rescue and forced Angle and Rikishi to retreat. Triple H then assaulted Austin with the sledgehammer and was revealed as the mastermind behind Austin's attack as he wanted to protect his WWF Championship. On the November 9 edition of "SmackDown!", the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley announced that Austin and Triple H would compete in a match at Survivor Series. At the event, the match was made a No Holds Barred match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: Another predominant rivalry heading into the event was between Kurt Angle and The Undertaker over the WWF Championship. At No Mercy, Angle defeated The Rock in a No Disqualification match to win the WWF Championship. Undertaker returned to WWF on the October 30 edition of "Raw is War" after being absent since Unforgiven. On the November 9 edition of "SmackDown!", Undertaker defeated Kane, Chris Benoit and Chris Jericho in a Four Corners match to become the #1 contender for the title at Survivor Series.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: At No Mercy, Rikishi's interference accidentally cost The Rock, the WWF Championship against Kurt Angle. The next night on "Raw is War", Rikishi apologized to Rock for costing him the title and told him that it was just accidental but Rock did not forgive Rikishi. On the October 30 edition of "Raw is War", Rikishi attacked Rock after Rock won his #1 contender's match against Chris Jericho. Following the assault, Rikishi revealed that Rock knew about the attack and had given Rikishi, the keys of the truck to run down Stone Cold Steve Austin at previous year's Survivor Series. On the November 2 episode of "SmackDown!", Rikishi cost Rock, a title shot for the WWF Championship against Angle. On the November 9 edition of "SmackDown!", the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley announced that Rikishi and Rock would wrestle in a match at Survivor Series.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: On the October 23 episode of "Raw is War", Chris Jericho accidentally dropped his coffee on Kane. This angered Kane and he knocked down Jericho through a nearby placed table. On the October 26 episode of "SmackDown!", Kane interfered in Jericho's WWF Championship title shot against Kurt Angle and attacked Jericho, causing Angle to retain the title by getting disqualified. Jericho retaliated by costing Kane a WWF Hardcore Championship match against Steve Blackman on the November 6 episode of "Raw is War". This eventually set up a match between Kane and Jericho at Survivor Series.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: At No Mercy, Eddie Guerrero cost Chyna and Mr. Ass, their tag team match against Right to Censor (Steven Richards and Val Venis). On the October 23 episode of "Raw is War", Billy Gunn defeated Venis in a standard wrestling match, despite interference by Right to Censor members. On the October 26 episode of "SmackDown!", Chris Benoit and Dean Malenko defeated Triple H and Road Dogg in a tag team match after help by Perry Saturn. Later that night, The Rock, Chyna and Billy Gunn defeated Right to Censor in a six-person tag team match. On the October 30 episode of "Raw is War", Guerrero defeated Chyna to retain the WWF Intercontinental Championship and attacked her after the match, causing Mr. Ass to save her from the beating. Later that night, Billy Gunn lost a match to Steven Richards which meant that he could no longer use the name Mr. Ass. On the November 2 edition of "SmackDown!", The Radicalz reunited when Eddie Guerrero, Dean Malenko and Perry Saturn helped Chris Benoit in defeating Triple H. On the November 6 episode of "Raw is War", D-Generation X also reunited as Triple H, Billy Gunn, Road Dogg and Chyna defeated The Radicalz. Later that night, Triple H turned into a villain as he was revealed to be the mastermind behind Stone Cold Steve Austin's attack and as a result, left DX. On the November 16 episode of "SmackDown", Road Dogg and his new partner K-Kwik defeated Malenko and Saturn in a tag team match. After the match, WWF Commissioner Mick Foley announced that DX and K-Kwik would compete against Radicalz in a Survivor Series match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: Before the event aired live on pay-per-view, Val Venis defeated Jeff Hardy in a standard wrestling match airing live on "Sunday Night Heat" pre-show.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The first match that took place was a Six Person Mixed Tag match pitting Steve Blackman, Crash Holly and Molly Holly against T & A (Test and Albert) and Trish Stratus. Test and Albert controlled the match by using their power. However, Crash used his quickness against the big men to keep pace of the match. The action eventually occurred between Molly and Stratus. Test tried to interfere, causing Blackman and Crash to fight Test for Molly's aid. Blackman and Crash battled Test and Albert outside the ring, allowing Molly to perform a Diving Sunset Flip on Stratus to win the match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The second match was a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match pitting The Radicalz (Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, Dean Malenko and Perry Saturn) against Billy Gunn, Chyna, Road Dogg and K-Kwik. The two teams battled it out as the match started. Radicalz scored the first elimination when Guerrero hit Chyna with the WWF Intercontinental Championship belt, allowing Saturn to pin her for the elimination. The next elimination was Gunn performing a Sleeper Slam on Guerrero. Radicalz then took control of the match as Benoit eliminated K-Kwik by performing a Bridging German Suplex and then Saturn eliminated Road Dogg by performing a Northern Lights Suplex. Gunn tried to take control when he eliminated Malenko by performing a Legdrop Bulldog, which he called "Fameasser". However, Gunn could not control the match for longer as Benoit and Saturn double-teamed him. Gunn tried to perform a Vertical Suplex on Benoit but Benoit countered it and attempted a pinfall. Saturn held Gunn's foot, allowing Benoit to score the pinfall. As a result, Benoit and Saturn survived the match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The next match was a standard wrestling match between Kane and Chris Jericho. Jericho controlled the earlier part of the match by using his quickness against Kane's power but Kane eventually controlled his high-flying with his high-impact power moves. The action went back and forth as both men countered each other and battled each other's quickness and power. Kane eventually tried to perform a " Tombstone Piledriver", but Jericho used his quickness by pushing Kane into the exposed corner of the ring. Kane's face was slammed into the steel pole and Jericho got a near-fall. Jericho then applied the "Walls of Jericho", until Kane broke the hold. Jericho performed a Bulldog and tried to perform a Lionsault. However, Kane grabbed the flying Jericho by the neck and performed a Chokeslam to win the match.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The fourth match was a standard wrestling match for the WWF European Championship. William Regal defended the title against Hardcore Holly. The two superstars battled each other as the match went back and forth. Regal eventually started focusing on Holly's injured arm and mainly attacked his arm. This angered Holly and he hit Regal with the European Championship. As a result, Regal won the match and retained the title by disqualification. Holly continued to attack Regal after the match, until Regal finally escaped with the title.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The next match was a standard wrestling match between The Rock and Rikishi. The Rock started attacking Rikishi before the match even started as he performed a backdrop. The Rock went to the ringside and grabbed a steel chair. He tried to hit Rikishi with it but the referee took it away from Rock. As The Rock turned back, Rikishi performed a Savate Kick. Rikishi then focused on The Rock's injured chest and mainly attacked on his chest. As the action continued, the referee was eventually knocked out. Rikishi tried to hit The Rock with a sledgehammer but The Rock punched Rikishi and gave him a Rock Bottom and tried to pin Rikishi, but the referee was knocked out. As the referee recovered, Rikishi kicked out. Rikishi dominated The Rock by performing a Splash. Rikishi then humiliated The Rock by delivering a Stink Face, as Rikishi's gigantic, smelly buttocks was rubbed into The Rock's face. However, despite receiving a devastating Stink Face, The Rock quickly regained control of the match by performing a Clothesline, a Samoan Drop and an Spinebuster and followed up with a People's Elbow on Rikishi to win the match. However, Rikishi attacked The Rock after the match as he performed a Savate Kick and four consecutive Banzai Drops.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The sixth match was a standard wrestling match for the WWF Women's Championship. Ivory defended the title against Lita. Early on in the contest, during an enziguri kick by Lita, one of Ivory's boots struck Lita's cheek, causing it to bleed heavily throughout the match. Ivory dominated much of the match, and towards the end Steven Richards came out and interfered on Ivory's behalf. But when Richards and Ivory consulted outside the ring, Lita attacked both of them by flying over the top rope. Back in the ring, Lita tried to perform a Moonsault, which she called "Litasault" on Ivory but Richards dragged Ivory out of the ring. The referee was distracted by Richards. Ivory took advantage and grabbed the Women's Championship, trying to hit Lita with it but Lita ducked and suplexed Ivory. She tried to perform a Litasault but Ivory used the title and Lita instead landed on the title. With the referee dealing with Richards, Ivory hit Lita with the Women's title belt and covered her for the pinfall. After the match, the crowd gave Lita a standing ovation due to her effort.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The next match was a standard wrestling match for the WWF Championship. Kurt Angle defended the title against The Undertaker. Undertaker dominated the earlier part of the match until Angle tried to take control of the match but failed and Undertaker continued his momentum into the match until Angle's Team ECK allies Edge and Christian interfered in the match and distracted the referee. The referee eventually ejected them from ringside, allowing Angle to focus on Undertaker's leg and mainly attacked his leg. Undertaker, however dominated Angle and eventually sent him over the top rope outside to the ring. Angle crawled under the ring to protect himself. Undertaker eventually pulled him out and dragged him into the ring to perform the Last Ride and attempted a pinfall. The referee started counting but stopped it at 2 after recognizing that it was actually Kurt's brother Eric Angle. Kurt took advantage as he attacked Undertaker from behind and pinned Undertaker with a roll-up.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The final match on the undercard was a four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match pitting Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) and Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) against Edge and Christian and Right to Censor (Bull Buchanan and The Goodfather). The team of Edge and Christian and Right to Censor dominated the earlier part of the match as Edge scored the first elimination as he performed a Sitout Rear Mat Slam, which he calls "Edge-o-Matic" on Matt. Christian next eliminated D-Von by performing an Inverted Double Underhook Facebuster, which he called "Impaler". The team of Hardy Boyz and Dudley Boyz started gaining control when Edge accidentally performed a Spear on Buchanan, allowing Bubba Ray to pin him for the elimination. Bubba Ray then eliminated Edge by performing a Bubba Bomb and an accidental Diving Splash from Christian. Goodfather stopped the domination of the opposing team as he eliminated Bubba Ray by performing a Death Valley Driver. Jeff controlled the match as he eliminated Christian by performing a High Angle Senton Bomb, which he calls "Swanton Bomb". Jeff controlled Goodfather until Val Venis interfered in the match and accidentally clotheslined Goodfather, allowing Jeff to pin him for the victory and thus became the sole survivor of the match. After the match, Richards and Buchanan returned to the ring to help Venis and Goodfather beat up Jeff, only for Matt and the Dudleyz to make the save, as Matt took out Buchanan and Richards with the Twist of Fate and the Dudleyz took out Goodfather with the 3D, and Venis with the Whassup Drop. Matt then put Venis through a table with a legdrop, as Bubba did the same to Richards with a top rope powerbomb.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: The main event was a No Disqualification match between Stone Cold Steve Austin and Triple H. Both wrestlers attacked each other with several foreign objects and took advantage of no disqualification stipulation. After assaulting Triple H for much of the match, Austin tried to perform a Stone Cold Stunner but Triple H countered it into a neckbreaker. The action spilled to the outside of the ring where Triple H tried to perform a Pedigree on Austin, but Austin backdropped Triple H through the announce table. The two returned to the ring where Austin performed a Stone Cold Stunner but continued to attack Triple H with a steel chair. The two wrestlers continued to fight each other and their action spilled to the backstage area, where The Radicalz interfered in the match. Triple H escaped in a car while Chris Benoit ran away but Austin did not follow him. Eventually, Benoit met up with Triple H where the two tried to find Austin. Triple H sent Benoit to find Austin. Suddenly, Austin appeared in a forklift, and he picked up Triple H's car and dropped it off the forklift from 30 feet in the air. The car landed on its top with Triple H trapped inside. The match resulted in a no contest as Austin celebrated.


title: Survivor Series (2000)

text: Survivor Series received 400,000 buys, the least buys received by a WWE pay-per-view in 2000. It was met with mixed to negative reviews, and was one of the weaker shows of the year, with no match crossing 3.25 stars. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter rated The Rock vs. Rikishi 3 stars, 0.25 stars to Ivory vs. Lita, 0.5 stars for the European Championship match, 2.75 stars for the Survivor Series elimination match between The Hardy Boyz, Edge & Christian and the Right to Censor, which was the same rating received by the WWF Championship match between Kurt Angle and The Undertaker. Kane vs. Chris Jericho was rated 1.75 stars, The Radicalz vs. Billy Gun, Chyna, K-Kwik and The Road Dogg was rated 1.5 stars and Crash, Molly Holly and Steve Blackman vs. Trish Stratus and T&A was rated 1.25 stars. Meltzer rated the main event as the highest-rated one of the event, with 3.25 stars.


title: Barbara Ann Crancer

text: Barbara Ann Crancer (née Hoffa; born April 8, 1938) is an American retired lawyer and judge who was a St. Louis County, Missouri Associate Circuit Court Judge. She is the daughter of former Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa and Josephine (Poszywak) Hoffa.


title: Barbara Ann Crancer

text: Crancer was born in Detroit, Michigan. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Albion College in 1960, and a Juris Doctor degree from the Washington University School of Law.


title: Barbara Ann Crancer

text: Crancer worked as a private practice lawyer in St. Louis through 1989 when she was appointed legal advisor and then administrative law judge for Missouri Division of Workers' Compensation, serving until 1992. In July 1992, Crancer was appointed to associate circuit judge for St. Louis County, Missouri Crancer retired in March 2008, but in March 2009, she agreed to serve as an assistant attorney general for the Division of Civil Disability and Workers Rights. She retired from that post in March 2011.


title: Barbara Ann Crancer

text: Crancer is married to Robert E. Crancer (born November 17, 1936) since 1961. They have one daughter, Barbara Josephine Crancer (born 1963).


title: Barbara Ann Crancer

text: Her younger brother is James P. Hoffa, former president of the Teamsters Union. While the siblings grew up in Detroit, the Hoffa family also spent time at their summer cottage in Orion Township, Michigan.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: Ronald Virgil Pelosi (born November 2, 1934) is an American businessman and public figure in San Francisco, California.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: Pelosi was born in San Francisco in an Italian-American family on November 2, 1934, and was reared in that city. He has a brother, Paul Pelosi. He earned a bachelor's degree in American history from Stanford University in 1956, the same year he and Barbara Newsom were married; they divorced in 1977. He was remarried in 1979, to Susan Ferguson. His children were Carolyn and Cynthia (died 1970), Brennan, Matt Pelosi, Laurence (born 1971) and Andrew (born 1981).


title: Ron Pelosi

text: He is the brother-in-law of Nancy Pelosi, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He is a former uncle-by-marriage of Governor of California Gavin Newsom.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: Pelosi engaged in the securities industry with Hambrecht & Quist, Dean Witter & Co. and was a partner in Korn Ferry International, an executive search firm and president of the Longwood Company, a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: He was also president of Forward Funds, a diversified mutual fund group, of Webster Investment Management, registered investment advisers; and Trenholm Associates. Pelosi is on the board of trustees of the Pacific Corporate Group, a private equity fund and executive director, of Pacific Asset Management.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: Pelosi was a mediator or arbitrator for the American Stock Exchange, National Association of Securities Dealers, National Futures Association, New York Stock Exchange and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. He was a panel member of the American Arbitration Association and the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: Pelosi was a member of the San Francisco City Planning Commission, and of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 1968 to 1980, of which he was president from 1978 to 1980. He was chairman of the board of the San Francisco Employees' Retirement System and was on the boards of directors of the Association of Bay Area Governments, Golden Gate Bridge District and the League of California Cities.


title: Ron Pelosi

text: He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for California's 9th State Senate district in 1972. He took just 40.1 percent of the vote against Republican Milton Marks, who had 59 percent.


title: First information report

text: A first information report (FIR) is a document prepared by police organisations in Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asian countries including Myanmar, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan when they receive information about the commission of a cognisable offence, or in Singapore when the police receive information about any criminal offence. It generally stems from a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognisable offence or by someone on their behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally or in writing to the police, so it is necessary to know about cognisable offences. These are serious criminal offences that pose an immediate danger to society such as murder, rape, or robbery.


title: First information report

text: For a non-cognisable offence an entry in a community service register or in the station diary is made.


title: First information report

text: Each FIR is important as it sets the process of criminal justice in motion. It is only after the FIR is registered in the police station that the police take up investigation of most types of cases. Anyone who knows about the commission of a cognisable offence, including police officers, can file an FIR.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The Irish Terrier () is a dog breed from Ireland, one of many breeds of terrier. The Irish Terrier is considered one of the oldest terrier breeds. The Dublin dog show in 1873 was the first to provide a separate class for Irish Terriers. By the 1880s, Irish Terriers were the fourth most popular breed in Ireland and Britain.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The Irish Terrier is an active and compactly sized dog that is suited for life in both rural and city environments. Its harsh red coat protects it from all kinds of weather.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Breed standards describe the ideal Irish Terrier as being racy, red and rectangular. Racy: an Irish Terrier should appear powerful without being sturdy or heavy. Rectangular: the outline of the Irish Terrier differs markedly from those of other terriers. The Irish Terrier's body is proportionately longer than that of the Fox Terrier, with a tendency toward racy lines but with no lack of substance. The deep chest is distinctive.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Formerly, the tail was customarily docked soon after birth to approximately two-thirds of the original length. In countries where docking is prohibited, the conformation judges emphasise tail carriage. The tail should start up quite high, but it should not stick straight up or curl over the back or either side of its body. The ears are small and folded forward just above skull level. They are preferably slightly darker than the rest of the coat.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The Irish Terrier is coloured golden red, red wheaten, or wheaten. Dark red is often mistaken as the only correct colour, possibly because wheaten coats are often of worse quality. As with many other solid-coloured breeds, a small patch of white is allowed on the chest. No white should appear elsewhere. As an Irish Terrier grows older, grey hair may appear here and there.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The outer part of the double coat should be straight and wiry in texture, never soft, silky, curly, wavy, or woolly as might be expected in the Kerry Blue Terrier. The coat should lie flat against the skin, and, though having some length, should never be so long as to hide the true shape of the dog. There are longer hairs on the legs, but never so much as a Wire Fox Terrier or Schnauzer. That means you have to have the coat trimmed often which can be expensive.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The inner part of the coat, called the under-wool or undercoat, should also be red. The under-wool may be hard for the inexperienced eye to see. Coat should be quite dense and so that "when parted with the fingers the skin is hardly visible".


title: Irish Terrier

text: A properly trimmed Irish Terrier should have some "furnishings" on legs and head. The slightly longer hair on the front legs should form even pillars, while the rear legs should only have some longer hair and not be trimmed too close to the skin. The chin is accentuated with a small beard. The beard should not be as profuse as that of a Schnauzer.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The eyes should be dark brown and quite small with a "fiery" expression. The eyes are topped with well-groomed eyebrows. The whole head should have good pigmentation.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Most countries have breed descriptions that say that the Irish Terrier should not be more than 48 cm measured at the withers. However, it is not unusual to see females that are 50 cm tall or dogs that are even 53 cm (20 in). Younger generations are closer to the ideal, but there is a downside to this: when an Irish Terrier is very small and light-boned, it loses the correct racy type.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Very seldom does one see Irish Terriers that weigh only 11 to 12 kg (25–27 lb), as the original Kennel Club breed description states. 13 kg for a female dog and 15 for a male dog are acceptable.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Irish Terriers are active dogs and need and enjoy consistent mental and physical challenges; well-trained Irish Terriers may do well at a variety of dog sports, such as dog agility.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The Irish Terrier is full of life, but not hyperactive; it should be able to relax inside the house and be roused to full activity level quickly.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Irish Terriers are good with people. They have a highly developed sense of loyalty and it is important that they have a strong responsible leader, for whom they have natural respect. Most Irish Terriers love children and tolerate rough-housing to a certain extent. Irish terriers need exercise; do not get one if you are not prepared to walk it. They enjoy training, new tasks are easily mastered with food and toys working equally well as motivation. Irish terriers have less of an eagerness to please people than some other breeds but have mental ability and enjoy puzzle solving. They respond best to consistent, reward based training from a relaxed, authoritative person. As with all dog breeds, violence should never be used – instead use distraction and reward the behaviour you want. It is always best to outwit and lure. When seeking a trainer, one should look for a person who has experience with terriers.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Irish Terriers are often dominant with other dogs. As with any dog, poorly socialised individuals can start fights and early socialisation is a necessity. Most have strong guarding instincts and when these instincts are controlled, make excellent alarming watchdogs.


title: Irish Terrier

text: There are more people joining organised dog sports with their terriers. The obedience training required at a certain level in most dog sports is fairly easy, though the precision and long-lasting drive needed in the higher levels may be hard to achieve. Many Irish Terriers excel in dog agility, even though it may be hard to balance the speed, independence and precision needed in the higher levels. To date there is one Agility Champion in the US, and a handful of Finnish and Swedish Irish terriers compete at the most difficult classes.


title: Irish Terrier

text: Irish Terriers have a good nose and can learn to track either animal or human scent. Many Irish Terriers enjoy Lure Coursing, although they are not eligible for competition as sight hounds are. In Finland one Irish Terrier is a qualified Rescue Dog specialising at Sea Rescue.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The breed's origin is not known. It is believed to have descended from the black and tan terrier-type dogs of Britain and Ireland, just like the Kerry Blue and Irish Soft-haired Wheaten Terriers in Ireland or the Welsh, Lakeland and Scottish Terriers in Great Britain. There is also conjecture that the breed may share bloodlines with the Irish Wolfhound.


title: Irish Terrier

text: F. M. Jowett writes in "The Irish Terrier", 'Our Dogs' Publishing Co. Ltd., Manchester, England 1947 – 7th Edition:


title: Irish Terrier

text: They are described by an old Irish writer as being the poor man's sentinel, the farmer's friend, and the gentleman's favourite...These dogs were originally bred not so much for their looks as for their working qualities and gameness, the Irish Terrier being by instinct a thorough vermin killer. They were formerly of all types and of all colours – black-and-tan, grey-and-brindle, wheaten of all shades, and red being the predominant colours. Colour or size evidently did not matter if they were hardy and game."


title: Irish Terrier

text: The proper selection process of the breed began only in the latter 19th century. They were shown now and then, sometimes in one class, sometimes in separate classes for dogs under and over 9 pounds.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The first breed club was set up in Dublin in 1879. Irish Terriers were the first members of the terrier group to be recognised by the English Kennel Club as a native Irish Breed – this happened just before the end of the 19th century. The first Irish Terriers were taken to the US in the late nineteenth century and quickly became somewhat popular.


title: Irish Terrier

text: There used to be big influential kennels in Ireland, the Great Britain and US up to the 1960s. The breed is increasingly "fashionable" as a family pet because of its fondness for children. There is ambitious breeding in many continents, including Africa (South Africa), North America, (Northern) Europe and Australia.


title: Irish Terrier

text: When groomed properly, the Irish Terrier coat will protect the dog from rain and cold. A properly cared-for Irish Terrier does not shed either. The wiry coat is fairly easy to groom, pet dogs (rather than show dogs) needing stripping only once or twice a year.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The coat must be stripped by hand or a non-cutting knife to retain its weather-resistant qualities. This does not hurt the dog when done properly. Keeping the skin above the stripped section taut with the other hand helps especially where the skin is looser, i.e. belly and chest. Never cut the coat – use your fingers or a non-cutting knife. If the coat is clipped, it loses colour and becomes softer, thus losing its weather-resistant characteristics. For the same reason the coat should not be washed too often, as detergents take away the natural skin oils. Most Irish terriers only need washing when dirty.


title: Irish Terrier

text: When stripping, the coat may be "taken down" entirely to leave the dog in the undercoat until a new coat grows in. For a pet, this should be done at least twice a year. When a show-quality coat is required, it can be achieved in many ways. One is by "rolling the coat", i.e. stripping the dog every X weeks to remove any dead hair. Before a show an expert trimmer is needed to mould especially the head and legs.


title: Irish Terrier

text: The proportions are not exaggerated in any way and thus eye or breathing problems are rare. Most Irish Terriers do not show signs of allergies towards foods. As they are small dogs, the breed has a very low incidence of hip dysplasia.


title: Irish Terrier

text: In the 1960s and 1970s there were problems with hyperkeratosis, a disease causing corny pads and severe pain. Today it is widely known which dogs carried the disease and respectable breeders do not use those bloodlines any more. A health study conducted by the Irish Terrier Club of America showed a greater-than-expected incidence of hypothyroidism and cataracts. There are not enough eye-checked individuals to draw any conclusions.


title: Irish Terrier

text: ""As I stood up, I saw that she was crying. ..."Oh, for heaven's sake, Pat ..." ...From all my experiences I knew that there was no one you could rely on and trust except your own self and, in the best case scenario, your friend."


title: Irish Terrier

text: "...Of course, with us was it altogether a different matter but still, after all is said and done, Pat was also spending all her days staying at home alone. ..."A dog!" I said in surprise as it dawned on me "damn it, of course, a dogl You are straight to the point! With the dog one will never feel lonely!" ...It was a lovely, playful little doggie. Straight legs, square body, oblong head, intelligent and cheeky. ..."Do you know what you've got there?" Gustav asked me when we were outside. "Something really rare: an Irish terrier. Best of the best. Without a single blemish. And with a pedigree too.""


title: Irish Terrier

text: "..."I have to go and make my evening round right now. I would like you to come with me." ...Ward after ward it went on and on, room after room was it all the same: groaning, tormented bodies all around; motionless, almost dried-out human forms; a bunch of seemingly endless instances of misery, fear, surrender, pain, desperation, hope, distress. ..."Now you have seen for yourself that many of these people are much more worse off than Pat Hollmann. Some of them have got nothing left but their hope. Yet the majority are going to make it. ...You can't be sure of anything in advance. The hopelessly ill can pull it off and live much longer than the healthy one. Life is quite an amasing affair.""


title: Irish Terrier

text: "...I drove off. While on the Nikolaistraße, I suddenly remembered that I have completely forgotten about the dog. So I turned around and drove back to pick him up. ...The terrier sprang towards me, sniffed me and licked my hand. His eyes shone green in the oblique light that was coming from the street. ...I took the dog which was cuddling warmly towards me and went away. Compliantly, with the long soft steps, he was walking along by my side to the car. ...The dog quickly pulled away and, passing between my legs, ran barking across our room. "Good heavens!" Pat exclaimed. "This is a real Irish Terrier!" ...She was breathlessly happy with the joy."" - From the ""Three Comrades"" novel by "Erich Maria Remarque"


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: The Ford Falcon (XB) is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1973 to 1976. It was the second iteration of the third generation of the Falcon and also included the Ford Fairmont (XB), the luxury-oriented version.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: The XB series bore minor cosmetic differences to the preceding model, the XA, aimed at giving the car a more muscular stance. First time equipment offerings included standard front disc brakes on all models and an available carpeted interior.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: A Grand Sport Rally Pack option, which included bonnet scoops, striping, GS insignia and "GT" instrumentation, was available on Falcon 500, Futura and Fairmont models.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: In July 1974, a special Falcon Sovereign Edition was released to celebrate Ford Australia's 50th anniversary. It was based on a Falcon 500 fitted, as standard, with a vinyl roof, Fairmont wheel covers, carpet, transistor radio and three thin body stripes. No records were kept on these cars so exact specifications and build quantities are unknown. Production of the Sovereign is believed to have ended in July 1975.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: Among the limited edition variants of the XB was the John Goss Special, released in 1975 and named for the race driver who took a Falcon to victory in the 1974 Hardie-Ferodo 1000 Touring Car race at Bathurst. These specials were based on the Falcon 500 Hardtop, with decals and other bolt on options, such as the GT Bonnet. They were available in White with a choice of two accent colors: Emerald Fire and Apollo Blue.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: Max McLeod owned a Ford dealership in Rockdale, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, and sponsored John Goss entered Falcons in the South Pacific Touring Series, ATCC and multiple Bathurst 1000 races. In addition to further modifications to Fords own John Goss Special, McLeod offered the "horn" pack to various Falcon models. These cars are known for their stand-out "strobe" stripes that were applied to the cars, these stripes were the same as used in the McLeod sponsored John Goss racing cars.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: Allan Moffat won the 1974 Sandown 250 driving an XB Falcon GT Hardtop. He also won the 1976 Australian Touring Car Championship driving an XB Falcon GT Hardtop and drove both an XB Falcon GT Hardtop and an XC Falcon GS Hardtop to win the 1977 Australian Touring Car Championship.


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: In the 1979 film "Mad Max", the title character's black "Pursuit Special" was a version of a 1973 Ford XB GT Falcon Hardtop. Two 1974 XB sedans were also used as Main Force Patrol Interceptor vehicles. More Falcons were used to depict the Pursuit Special in sequels "Mad Max 2" (1981) and "" (2015).


title: Ford Falcon (XB)

text: A Falcon GT (XB) Hardtop is the subject of Eric Bana's 2009 documentary film "Love the Beast". The film documents the 25-year history of Bana's Falcon, which he purchased at the age of 15.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: In fluid dynamics, the Darcy friction factor formulae are equations that allow the calculation of the Darcy friction factor, a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of friction losses in pipe flow as well as open-channel flow.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The Darcy friction factor is also known as the "Darcy–Weisbach friction factor", "resistance coefficient" or simply "friction factor"; by definition it is four times larger than the Fanning friction factor.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Transition (neither fully laminar nor fully turbulent) flow occurs in the range of Reynolds numbers between 2300 and 4000. The value of the Darcy friction factor is subject to large uncertainties in this flow regime.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The Darcy friction factor for fully turbulent flow (Reynolds number greater than 4000) in rough conduits can be modeled by the Colebrook–White equation.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The last formula in the "Colebrook equation" section of this article is for free surface flow. The approximations elsewhere in this article are not applicable for this type of flow.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Before choosing a formula it is worth knowing that in the paper on the Moody chart, Moody stated the accuracy is about ±5% for smooth pipes and ±10% for rough pipes. If more than one formula is applicable in the flow regime under consideration, the choice of formula may be influenced by one or more of the following:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The phenomenological Colebrook–White equation (or Colebrook equation) expresses the Darcy friction factor "f" as a function of Reynolds number Re and pipe relative roughness ε / "D", fitting the data of experimental studies of turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: For a conduit flowing completely full of fluid at Reynolds numbers greater than 4000, it is expressed as:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Note: Some sources use a constant of 3.71 in the denominator for the roughness term in the first equation above.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The Colebrook equation is usually solved numerically due to its implicit nature. Recently, the Lambert W function has been employed to obtain explicit reformulation of the Colebrook equation.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The additional equivalent forms above assume that the constants 3.7 and 2.51 in the formula at the top of this section are exact. The constants are probably values which were rounded by Colebrook during his curve fitting; but they are effectively treated as exact when comparing (to several decimal places) results from explicit formulae (such as those found elsewhere in this article) to the friction factor computed via Colebrook's implicit equation.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Equations similar to the additional forms above (with the constants rounded to fewer decimal places, or perhaps shifted slightly to minimize overall rounding errors) may be found in various references. It may be helpful to note that they are essentially the same equation.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Another form of the Colebrook-White equation exists for free surfaces. Such a condition may exist in a pipe that is flowing partially full of fluid. For free surface flow:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The above equation is valid only for turbulent flow. Another approach for estimating "f" in free surface flows, which is valid under all the flow regimes (laminar, transition and turbulent) is the following:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: where "Re" is Reynolds number where "h" is the characteristic hydraulic length (hydraulic radius for 1D flows or water depth for 2D flows) and "R" is the hydraulic radius (for 1D flows) or the water depth (for 2D flows). The Lambert W function can be calculated as follows:


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The "Haaland equation" was proposed in 1983 by Professor S.E. Haaland of the Norwegian Institute of Technology. It is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor "f" for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation, but the discrepancy from experimental data is well within the accuracy of the data.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The Swamee–Jain equation is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor "f" for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: Serghides's solution is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor "f" for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. It was derived using Steffensen's method.


title: Darcy friction factor formulae

text: The solution involves calculating three intermediate values and then substituting those values into a final equation.