title: B1A4

text: On January 7, 2013, the Recording Industry Association of Japan released the list of winners for the 2013 Japan Gold Disc Awards where the group won two awards. In the same month, BABA B1A4 in Japan was held in two cities, with four shows held between the 27th and the 30th.


title: B1A4

text: The single "What's Going On?", from B1A4's fourth EP "What's Happening?", won the top spot on MBC "Show! Music Core" chart in May, marking the group's first music show win.


title: B1A4

text: On June 19, 2013, WM Entertainment announced B1A4's 2nd solo concert, Amazing Store. After tickets went on sale on June 26, the concert sold out its 10,000 seats in under 5 minutes. The concert took place from August 7–11 at the Uniqlo AX to an audience of 2,000 each day.


title: B1A4

text: The group released their second Korean studio album "Who Am I" and the title song "Lonely" on January 13, 2014. They held their third solo concert, titled 2014 B1A4 Concert The Class, on February 15–16 at the SK Olympic Handball Stadium at Olympic Park.


title: B1A4

text: B1A4 released their 5th mini album with the title track "Solo Day" on July 14 and their first performance for "Solo Day" on July 17 on "M! Countdown". It was announced that B1A4 would be appearing at 'The 12th Korea Times Music Festival' and KCON 2014 in Los Angeles, California.


title: B1A4

text: In 2015, Jinyoung appeared in the Mnet drama "Persevere, Goo Hae Ra". He was also cast in MBC's "Warm and Cozy" alongside Yoo Yeon-seok and Kang So-ra. CNU was cast in a musical called "Chess" with 2AM's Jo Kwon, VIXX's Ken and SHINee's Key, while Sandeul appeared as a panelist on the talent show "King of Mask Singer", as well as on KBS2's . Baro was cast as Hong Song-tae in the drama series "Angry Mom". Baro and Sandeul both appeared as themselves in the web drama "Loss:Time:Life", while Gongchan hosted for the fourth season of KBS' "A Song for You" alongside f(x)'s Amber and Super Junior's Kangin.


title: B1A4

text: B1A4 released their sixth EP, "Sweet Girl", on August 10, 2015, four days after they debuted a number of tracks during a Guerrilla Concert.


title: B1A4

text: The B1A4 Adventure World Tour began in Seoul on September 12 and 13, 2015, continuing on to Dallas, Texas on November 8, Mexico on November 11, Puerto Rico on November 13, Hong Kong on November 29, Helsinki on December 9, Berlin on December 11, Madrid on December 13, Bogota on February 12, 2016, Santiago on February 14, and Lima on February 17, 2016.


title: B1A4

text: In 2016, B1A4's members appeared in a number of acting roles and reality show appearances, as well as producing and appearing on soundtracks. Jinyoung was cast in the KBS drama "Love in the Moonlight" alongside Park Bo-gum and Kim Yoo-jung. Jinyoung also produced a track for the drama's soundtrack titled "Foggy Road", which was performed by Ben. Jinyoung also produced multiple tracks for the reality contest "Produce 101". CNU appeared on the soundtrack for tvN's "Cinderella and the Four Knights" with the song "The Way To Find Love". Baro was cast in KBS's "Master: God of Noodles". Sandeul again appeared on "", and competed on the special "Idol Cooking King" and made it into the top 8. He also performed a duet with VIXX's Ken on "Duet Song Festival"'s November 11 episode. Sandeul also made his solo debut with the release of his mini-album "Stay as You Are" on October 4. Gongchan appeared on MBC's "Celebrity Bromance" with VIXX's Hongbin. Jinyoung and CNU both competed on "King of Masked Singer." Additionally, CNU and Sandeul were both cast as D'artagnan in the musical "Three Musketeers".


title: B1A4

text: On June 4, they performed as a group alongside other artists at the 2016 Dream Concert. On June 11, they held a concert with label-mates Oh My Girl in Beijing. B1A4 also performed at the 2016 Busan One Asia Festival in October. They were in the event's first lineup alongside CNBLUE, Apink, Girl's Day and B.A.P.


title: B1A4

text: On November 28, 2016, B1A4 released their third Korean studio album, "Good Timing", and the music video for its lead single "A Lie". They also held their first showcase since debut, performing songs from their new album as well as previous hits. Their first comeback stage was on "Show Champion" on November 30. After their comeback, B1A4 competed as a group on "".


title: B1A4

text: In 2017, B1A4 performed in Seoul for their concert "B1A4 Live Space 2017" on February 4, 5, 11 and 12. Shortly after, they held their second US tour titled "B1A4 Four Nights in The U.S. 2017", with concerts in New York on February 15; Chicago on February 17; San Francisco on February 19; and Los Angeles on February 20. In May 2017, CNU was cast to play the lead in the Korean version of the musical adaptation of Hamlet. The band toured Japan as "B1A4 Live Space 2017" with concerts in Osaka on May 22; Okazaki on June 8, Fukuoka on June 9, and Tokyo on June 15.


title: B1A4

text: On June 30, 2018, WM Entertainment confirmed that Jinyoung and Baro had left the agency following the end of their contracts, while the others renewed with the agency. Their activities with the group remain in discussion. On November 16, WM Entertainment has announced that B1A4 members Jinyoung and Baro will not promote with the group for the time being, with the remaining three members - CNU, Sandeul and Gongchan - to continue promoting as B1A4.


title: B1A4

text: On January 22, 2019, CNU enlisted in the military as an active duty soldier. He was officially discharged on August 28, 2020.


title: B1A4

text: On September 29, 2020, WM Entertainment announced that B1A4 would be making a comeback with their fourth Korean studio album "Origine" and its lead single "Like A Movie" on October 19, 2020.


title: B1A4

text: On April 23, 2021, B1A4 released the digital single "10 Times" to commemorate the group's 10th anniversary.


title: B1A4

text: On November 11, 2021, Sandeul enlisted in the military as a social worker. Before his enlistment, B1A4 released a new digital single titled "Adore You" on November 10.


title: B1A4

text: The group has been dubbed "countryside-dols" (countryside idols) by the Korean media due to the fact that all of the members of B1A4 are from the countryside: Jinyoung is from Chungju, North Chungcheong Province; CNU from Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province; Sandeul from Busan; Baro from Gwangju, South Jeolla Province; and Gongchan from Suncheon, South Jeolla Province. They were also referred to as "blood-dols" (blood idols) in reference to the origins of their name (which references the group members' blood types), as well as "paper-dols" (paper idols) because of the paper classification A4. In an effort to distinguish themselves, B1A4 had also promoted a nickname "saessakdol" (, "sprout-dol") and created a so-called "saessakchum" (, "sprout dance"), which was showcased in various shows including "Quiz to Change the World".


title: B1A4

text: In January 2015, B1A4 members hugged Muslim female fans in a meet and greet session in Malaysia. Internet commenters called for the organizers to be charged afterwards.


title: B1A4

text: On May 31, 2012, it was reported that B1A4 had visited a fan's home to prepare a meal and help take care of the fan's ill mother. On August 31 that year, the group donated 140 kg of rice garlands initially donated by fans to Seoul SOS Youth Camp in Yangcheon District. On September 1, 2012, B1A4 held a mini concert at the Wonju Market to help raise awareness for traditional markets. As they hosted their first solo concert, BABA B1A4, fans from all over the world sent gifts and donations to B1A4, which the group then donated to charity.


title: B1A4

text: On July 19, 2013, as B1A4 prepared for their second solo concert, B1A4 asked fans for school supplies rather than flower wreaths. They were working with CJ Group’s charity foundation “Donor’s Camp” to support the education of children who are in need.


title: B1A4

text: The group donated part of the proceeds from their third solo concert to Seoul Arts College's matriculation ceremony, which took place on February 27, 2014 at the Olympic Park Olympic Hall. Seoul Arts College used the donation to purchase rice to be given to the charities Gangnam Start Center and Gangnam Vision Center. In December that year, they participated in a charity event to raise funds to provide those in need with coal briquettes for heating.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. It is a small, circular coin of silver colour. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official name for the coin is the 25-cent piece, but in practice it is usually called a "quarter", much like its American counterpart. In French, it is called a caribou or trente sous ("thirty sous", based on the old exchange rate). The coin is produced at the Royal Canadian Mint's facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: From 1920 until 1967 the quarter contained 0.15 troy ounces of silver—one quarter as much as the silver dollar (0.60 ozt), one half as much as the 50-cent piece, and times more than the dime.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: Ordinarily featuring a caribou, the quarter has the most commonly altered reverse in Canada and is the usual venue for commemorative issues.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: In 2004, a quarter was issued in honour of Remembrance Day, featuring a corn poppy on the reverse, a traditional symbol in Canada of that day. This resulted in a bizarre international incident, in which American military contractors unfamiliar with the coin's design believed these coins were outfitted with nanotechnology designed for espionage.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: In 1992, to celebrate the 125th anniversary of Confederation, the Mint released twelve commemorative coins, one for each Canadian province and territory at the time. These were the inspiration for the US 50 State Quarters program of 1999–2008. Nunavut, which separated from the Northwest Territories seven years later in 1999, was honoured with a special $2 coin.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: In April 1998, the Mint announced the "Millennium Coin Design Contest", a contest open to all Canadians to submit designs for twenty-four millennium quarters, one for each month of 1999 and 2000. The 1999 designs were meant to look back on Canada's past, while the 2000 designs looked to the future. While the 1999 coins were labeled with their month of issue, the 2000 coins were labeled with the relevant theme.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: In 2005, to celebrate the centennials of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, two commemorative quarters were issued. The public was given the opportunity to vote on the coin design through two toll-free phone numbers.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: There were four candidate designs for the Alberta quarter: Big Sky Country, "Alberta's Natural Beauty", "A Dynamic Century", and "Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep". The winning design was "Big Sky Country", by Michelle Grant, and depicted an oil derrick with cattle grazing at its base. The coin had a mintage of 20,640,000.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: There were three candidate designs for the Saskatchewan quarter: "The Western Meadowlark", "Canada Geese over Wascana Lake", and "The Round Dance Celebration". The winning design was "Western Meadowlark", designed by Paulette Sapergia. The coin's mintage was 19,290,000.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: Since 2000, the RCM has been issuing colourized quarters on Canada Day with designs aimed to attract young collectors. As with other collector coins issued by the RCM, the Canada Day series coins are non-circulating legal tender.


title: Quarter (Canadian coin)

text: Starting in 2011, the mint began selling special sets for newborn babies, birthdays, wedding anniversaries, "Oh Canada" and the Tooth Fairy. The tooth fairy quarters also come packaged separately.


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! is a 2008 Indian comedy film starring Abhay Deol, Paresh Rawal, Neetu Chandra, Manu Rishi, Manjot Singh and Archana Puran Singh. It was directed by Dibakar Banerjee. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film. The film is inspired by the real life shenanigans of Devinder Singh alias Bunty, a real-life "super-chor", originally from Vikaspuri, Delhi.


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: A boy from a poor, dysfunctional family from suburban West Delhi grows up to become a charismatic and fearless man who robs the elite of several major cities in India in a unique fashion, often not out of necessity, but just for fun. After being arrested by Special Crime Branch Inspector Devender Singh, Lovinder ‘Lucky’ Singh reflects upon his life: his childhood, his father's second marriage, his siblings; his entry into crime and association with Gogi Arora; his romance with and subsequent marriage with the lovely Sonal; and his subsequent betrayal by his hanger-on and a business partner. Meanwhile, the media speculates on how he got away with stealing 140 TV sets, 212 Video cassette recorders, 475 shirts, 90 music systems, 50 jewellery boxes, 2 dogs, and a greeting card – in a spree of burglaries that included households in Bangalore, Chandigarh, Mumbai, and other cities in India.


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: "Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!" received positive critical acclaim. Raja Sen of Rediff gave it 4.5/5 stars, saying that "All I can say is – after very gratefully handing it four and a half stars, in case you asked – that this is a movie to love. And one that makes the audience feel just like the hero: really, really lucky." Naresh K. Deoshi of Apun Ka Choice gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, concluding that "Grab a ticket. If you're broke, steal it." Nikhat Kazmi of "Times of India" gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, commenting that ""Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!" works perfectly as a simple story of a young boy (Abhay Deol) who is driven to crime not because he is hungry, poor, starving." Syed Firdaus Ashraf of Rediff gave 3/5 stars, concluding that "The film only fails in the music department, by Sneha Khanwalkar. The dhols and drums get too loud from time to time, and get very annoying. If you can overlook this minor discomfort, go for it!" Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave 3/5 stars, stating that "Watch it because it's a film that respects your intelligence. And films like that are hard to find."


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: Sonia Chopra of Sify gave it 2.5/5 stars, saying that "Writer-director Dibakar Banerjee cannot live down the expectations Khosla Ka Ghosla brings with it. Banerjee does meet those expectations, however "Oye Lucky!" is a different product altogether. More than a beginning-middle-end story, "Oye Lucky!" is more a peek into Delhi's belly, into the characters' lives, and into complex bitter-sweet relationships." Martin D'Souza of Glamsham gave 2.5/5 stars, concluding that "A film with a feel of the eighties, "OLLO" will identify well with the viewers from the North. But yes, if you want a quiet, funny outing to lighten your mood, watching "OLLO" is not a bad option." Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the movie 2/5 stars, saying that "On the whole, "OYE LUCKY! LUCKY OYE!" is a well-executed enterprise, which has its share of limitations. At the box-office, the film caters to the Northern audience mainly – Delhi and Punjab specifically. Besides North, the plexes in Mumbai should fare slightly better."


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: "Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!" was an average grosser, with nett in its lifetime, releasing two days after the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.


title: Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!

text: Originally, Paresh Rawal was only approached by Dibakar Banerjee to play the role of Gogi. He was then convinced by the director to also take on the role of Dr. Handa, and finally the role of Lucky's father. Despite his initial hesitation to sport a beard in the role of Lucky's father, Paresh Rawal called working on this film the most satisfying experience of his career.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: A live-action film adaptation opened in Japan in August 2020, while an anime film adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures premiered in September 2020.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: As of July 2020, the manga had over 5.5 million copies in circulation. In 2018, "Love Me, Love Me Not" won the 63rd Shogakukan Manga Award in the "shōjo" category.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: Yuna Ichihara is in the spring before her first year of high school and is pained to be separated from her best friend Sacchan who is moving away. On her way to the train station, she is stopped by a random girl who asks her for money for her train fare. Although Yuna is somewhat afraid and reluctant, she gives the girl money, who in turns give Yuna her bracelet as a promise she will meet her tomorrow to pay her back. On the same day, Yuna runs twice into a boy who looks like the idolized prince of her childhood who she referred to as her first love. After the girl, named Akari, returns Yuna's money, they head home together only to find out that they live in the same apartment building. The girls instantly become friends. However, they find that they explore love in completely different ways, and Yuna may be in love with Akari's younger brother and Akari in love with Yuna's childhood friend.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: The series was announced in "Bessatsu Margaret" June 2015 issue. Sakisaka reflected on plot lines in her previous series, "Ao Haru Ride", and wanted to display love experiences in a different way. The original Japanese title was inspired by a tagline from an advertisement campaign for acne from the 1980s that became popular among schoolgirls; the tagline claimed certain locations of where acne appeared on the face foretold if the person or the person's admirer like or are ignoring each other.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: A live-action film directed by Takahiro Miki was released on August 14, 2020. It stars Eiji Akaso as Kazuomi Inui and Minami Hamabe as Akari Yamamoto. Riko Fukumoto plays Yuna Ichihara and Takumi Kitamura plays Rio Yamamoto. Official Hige Dandism performed the theme song with "115man Kilo no Film".


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: On April 22, 2019, it was announced by Shueisha that the series would receive an anime film adaptation by A-1 Pictures. It was originally scheduled to premiere on May 29, 2020, but was delayed to September 18, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The film is directed by Toshimasa Kuroyanagi, with Erika Yoshida handling the film's scripts, Yuu Yamashita designing the characters, and Yuuji Nomi composing the film's music. The theme song for the film is "Gravity" by Bump of Chicken. The main cast members from the live-action film also have cameo roles in the film.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: "Love Me, Love Me Not" won the 63rd Shogakukan Manga Award in the "shōjo" category in 2018. In 2017, it was nominated for the 41st Kodansha Manga Award in the "shōjo" category.


title: Love Me, Love Me Not (manga)

text: As of July 2020, the manga had over 5.5 million copies in circulation. Volume 3 debuted at #4 on Oricon's Japanese Comic Ranking; and peaked at #2; and sold an estimated 325,010 copies in Japan. Volume 4 debuted at #1 and sold an estimated 168,863 copies in its first week alone. It sold an estimated 293,419 copies in a month and consistently ranked from October to November. Volume 4 debuted with 168,863 copies. Volume 5 debuted at #6, selling 110,175 copies; in its first week and peaking at #1 in its second week with 121,903 additional copies sold.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: John Martin Cochran (born January 17, 1987), also known by just his surname Cochran, is an American television writer, and former reality television personality. He first appeared on the 23rd season of "Survivor", "", and came in eighth place. He returned for the 26th season, "", and ultimately won the title of Sole Survivor and the $1 million prize. He later went on to become a writer for various CBS sitcoms, including "The Millers," "Kevin Can Wait", and more recently "."


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Cochran was born in Washington, D.C., to a Jewish mother and a non-Jewish father. He was raised in Oakton, Virginia, and attended Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Even at a young age, Cochran was already a fan of "Survivor", following the show since , even writing a law school paper comparing the jury system of "Survivor" to the American jury system. During high school, he handed out "Survivor" newsletters, wore a "Survivor"-style buff on his arm when the show was airing, and chose his senior year quote as "The tribe has spoken."


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Cochran was originally placed on the Savaii tribe and ended up receiving at least one vote in every Tribal Council that Savaii attended, with one vote in their first, second, and fourth Tribal Councils, and two votes in their third Tribal Council. In the last episode before the merge, returning player Ozzy Lusth, in an effort to end the winning streak of Christine Shields-Markoski on Redemption Island, asked his tribe to vote him out, saying that he would tell Shields-Markoski that his elimination was caused by Cochran using a Hidden Immunity Idol. Lusth subsequently gave Cochran the Immunity Idol he had found, making him promise to return it when he came back to the game.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: When the merge finally came, Cochran returned the Idol and then pretended to be the outsider of his former tribe when speaking to the other returning player, Benjamin "Coach" Wade. However, Wade quickly realized Cochran's intentions and instead decided to persuade Cochran into voting with the former Upolu members, promising him that he would outlast all of his former tribemates. When the vote that night came down to a split vote and the contestants had to vote again, it was Cochran who switched his vote and sent home former tribemate Keith Tollefson. He was immediately criticized by all of his former tribemates, but the former Upolu members, including Brandon Hantz, came to his defense.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Soon afterward, all other former Savaii members were voted out in succession, with Lusth, Jim Rice, Dawn Meehan, and Whitney Duncan all being sent home. However, once Cochran was the last Savaii member left, the former Upolu members turned on him and voted him out by a vote of 5–2, with only Cochran himself and former Upolu member Edna Ma voting for Rick Nelson instead. After losing the Redemption Island duel to Lusth, Cochran came in eighth place, having lasted for 31 days; he became the fifth member of the nine-member jury. In the final Tribal Council, Cochran voted for Wade to win, along with Nelson and Ma. These three votes made Wade the runner-up to Sophie Clarke, who received the other six votes.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Cochran returned for the 26th season, the second season to be subtitled "Fans vs. Favorites," and was placed on the "Favorites" tribe, Bikal. He was joined by fellow "South Pacific" contestants Brandon Hantz and Dawn Meehan. Cochran once again aligned with a majority of his tribemates, under the alliance name of "Stealth R Us," named so by the unofficial tribe leader Phillip Sheppard. Even after the tribal swap in Episode Six, Cochran still remained on the Bikal tribe, along with Sheppard, Meehan, fellow returning player Corinne Kaplan, and newcomers Julia Landauer, Matt Bischoff, and Michael Snow. The new Bikal tribe focused on eliminating all of the new players on the tribe, successfully voting out Bischoff and Landauer before the merge came. However, when Sheppard was eliminated due to a blindside by Malcolm Freberg, Reynold Toepfer, and Eddie Fox, Cochran became the default leader due to being viewed as Sheppard's right-hand man.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Over the course of the season, Cochran went on to win three individual immunity challenges, in Episodes 8, 11, and 14. He was also the only contestant in the season to win more than one individual immunity challenge. He would make a major move to plot the blindside of potential threat Brenda Lowe at the Final Six. Lowe had been plotting to blindside Cochran at either the Final Five or Final Four. After a crucial win at the Final Four immunity challenge to secure his place in the finals, and with Sherri Biethman the easiest finals opponent, he would debate bringing Fox or his closest ally Meehan. He decided on Meehan, realizing that Fox, despite floating through the game, had numerous good friends on the jury and was the bigger threat. When it came down to the jury presentations, Cochran received nearly unanimous praise for the way he played the game strategically without letting emotions interfere, and for always sticking to his promises.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Biethman was considered to have ridden coattails to the end, and Meehan was criticized for her emotional instability. Ultimately, Cochran won a unanimous 8–0–0 vote. He became only the third winner in "Survivor" history to win a unanimous vote, after Earl Cole in "" and J. T. Thomas in "". He was also only the second winner to win a unanimous vote while also never receiving a single vote against him in any Tribal Council, after Thomas.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Cochran showed up on the reunion show for "", the show's 27th season. Jeff Probst asked Cochran about new developments in his life, and even presented a comedy sketch starring Cochran and actor Will Arnett. Cochran later appeared as a guest on the fifth episode of "Survivor"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 34th season, "", where he visited exiled castaway Debbie Wanner to give her advice.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: After "Caramoan" ended, Cochran was inducted into Xfinity's "Survivor" "Hall of Fame," as part of the class of 2013, alongside Kim Spradlin and Jonny Fairplay. Two years later, in the official issue of "CBS Watch" magazine commemorating the 15th anniversary of "Survivor", Cochran was voted as the seventh greatest player of all time. Additionally, in a 2015 interview shortly before the premiere of , host Jeff Probst declared Cochran to be his favorite season winner ever. In 2017, "Entertainment Weekly" had fans rank the first 34 winners of the series and Cochran placed 11th.


title: John Cochran (Survivor contestant)

text: Shortly after his second "Survivor" appearance, Probst put Cochran into contact with Greg Garcia, creator of and writer for "The Millers". Garcia offered Cochran a job as a writer for the show. Cochran accepted the job, and after graduating from Harvard Law, moved to Los Angeles to begin working on the show. Although the series was canceled shortly thereafter, Cochran landed another writing gig on "Kevin Can Wait" a few years later.


The 2004 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. State voters chose 34 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


title: 2004 United States presidential election in Texas

text: Texas was won by incumbent Republican President George W. Bush by a margin of 22.87%. Prior to the election, all 12 major U.S. news organizations expected Texas to vote for Bush, considering it to be a safe red state.


text: Texas has not voted for a Democratic presidential nominee since 1976, and has been a Republican stronghold since the 1980s. A former governor of the state, Bush’s performance stands as a high water mark for Republican presidential candidates in Texas, and remains the last time that a Republican has won more than 60% of the state’s vote, or that a Democrat has won less than 40%. Bush is the last Republican to win any of the following counties in a presidential election: Bexar, Cameron, Culberson, Dallas, and Harris. The 1,067,968 ballots cast in Harris County also marked the first time that any Texas county would cast more than one million votes. However, this is also the last election where Harris County would vote to the left of any of the top 5 most populous counties in the state, with the exception of Tarrant County. Harris county in this election voted to the left of Bexar by approximately only 0.2% of the votes. This is also the last election where the Republican candidate would win Tarrant County with at least 60% of the vote. Starting from 2008, Republicans would win Tarrant county with less than 60% of the vote, and in 2020 Joe Biden would eventually win Tarrant County.


text: Bush, who made historic gains with Latino voters in 2004, drew even with Kerry among Texas Latinos, winning 49% to Kerry's 50%. As of 2022, this election is the closest a Republican has come to carrying the Latino vote in Texas.


text: This is the last presidential election in which Texas voted to the right of West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, or Louisiana. This is also the only time since 1984 in which a Republican candidate has gotten over 60% of the vote due to the increasing Democratic shift in many of the urban counties Bush carried in this election. All of these counties would swing hard towards Barack Obama in 2008.


text: There were 12 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day.


text: Bush won every single pre-election poll, and won each with at least 55% of the vote and a double-digit margin of victory. The final three polls averaged Bush leading 59% to 37%.


text: Texas, located in the South, has become a consistently Republican state at all levels. Economically and racially diverse, Texas includes a huge swath of the Bible Belt where many voters, especially those in rural Texas, identify as born-again or evangelical Christians and therefore tend to vote Republican due to the party's opposition to abortion. Although once part of the Solid South, the last time Texas voted for a Democratic presidential nominee was Jimmy Carter in 1976. George Bush achieved his party's best result in Texas since Ronald Reagan's second landslide in 1984.


text: President Bush carried 236 of the state's 254 counties, improving on his performance from 2000. East Texas, historically the most Democratic region in the state, solidified its support for the Republican Party with only Jefferson County, home to Beaumont, voting for John Kerry. South Texas, while still voting heavily for Senator Kerry, swung towards Bush as well.


text: Despite Bush's increased margin in the state compared to 2000, Kerry made major inroads in the state's suburban areas, especially in Metro Houston, the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, and the Austin area. Kerry narrowed Bush's 2000 margins in Collin, Dallas, Denton, Fort Bend, Harris, Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties. Out of those, however, only Travis County, home to Austin, flipped into the Democratic column, in part due to the city's strong liberal leanings and opposition to the Iraq War. Bush had won a plurality in the county in 2000 in part due to the Green Party's Ralph Nader winning 11% of the County's vote. Although Bush carried Dallas County by a narrow margin of 50% to Kerry's 49%, the city of Dallas proper voted heavily for Kerry, giving him 57% of the vote.


text: Technically the voters of Texas cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Texas is allocated 34 electors because it has 32 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 34 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 34 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.


text: The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 13, 2004, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.


text: The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 34 were pledged to Bush/Cheney:


title: Elena Ford

text: Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos (born May 25, 1966) is an American-Greek businesswoman. She is the Chief Customer Experience Officer at Ford Motor Company and the first female Ford family member to hold an executive position at the company.


title: Elena Ford

text: Ford worked in advertising as a senior account executive at Wells, Rich Greene Advertising in New York City. In 1995, she joined Ford Motor Company as a marketing executive. She was later named the company's director of global marketing and was responsible for marketing, product management, and sales support activities. During this time, she marketed the company's development into mobility services.


title: Elena Ford

text: In 2012, Elena was assigned to lead the global Dealer and Consumer Experience group. She was responsible for standardizing the way dealerships interact with customers around the world and oversaw global dealer strategy, planning, training and consumer experience.


title: Elena Ford

text: In 2013, Elena became Vice President, Customer Experience and Global Dealer, making her one of thirty-eight officers running the company and the first female Ford family member to hold an executive leadership position.


title: Elena Ford

text: In October 2018, Elena Ford was announced as the company's first Chief Customer Experience Officer. In this role, she leads the organization in creating a world-class customer experience for all Ford customers.


title: Elena Ford

text: In 2019, she spearheaded the launch of a 500-person call center in Houston, TX, providing support for Ford truck owners and dealers experiencing technical issues. She also launched Ford’s “Own the Call” initiative.


title: Elena Ford

text: Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos was born in New York City to Charlotte Ford and Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos. After her parents divorced in 1967, Elena's mother married J. Anthony Forstmann in 1973 and later Edward Downe Jr., the founder and chairman of Downe Communications in 1986.


title: Elena Ford

text: Elena is the great-great-granddaughter of company founder Henry Ford, and granddaughter of longtime Ford Motor Company president Henry Ford II. Elena was close to her maternal grandfather, Henry Ford II, once referring to him as her best friend. Henry taught Elena to drive a stick shift in his F-100 Ford pick-up truck insisting she learned to drive a manual and not an automatic.


title: Elena Ford

text: Ford received a bachelor's degree in business from New York University. In 1991, she married Stanley Jozef Olender, the owner of Stanley O's, an estate maintenance service in Southampton, New York. In 1996, she divorced Olender and married Joseph Daniel Rippolone. In 2008, Ford and Rippolone divorced by mutual agreement.


title: Elena Ford

text: In 1997 Ford and her half-siblings were involved in a dispute regarding their father’s estate. A Greek court ruled that Ford and her siblings had no right to her father's inheritance due to Greek law. In 2011, Ford pleaded guilty to driving under the influence and child endangerment, and was sentenced to two years' probation.


title: Induction generator

text: An induction generator or "asynchronous generator" is a type of alternating current (AC) electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce electric power. Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotors faster than synchronous speed. A regular AC induction motor usually can be used as a generator, without any internal modifications. Because they can recover energy with relatively simple controls, induction generators are useful in applications such as mini hydro power plants, wind turbines, or in reducing high-pressure gas streams to lower pressure.


title: Induction generator

text: An induction generator draws reactive excitation current from an external source. Induction generators have an AC rotor and cannot bootstrap using residual magnetization to black start a de-energized distribution system as synchronous machines do. Power factor correcting capacitors can be added externally to neutralize a constant amount of the variable reactive excitation current. After starting an induction generator can use a capacitor bank to produce reactive excitation current, but the isolated power system’s voltage and frequency are not self-regulating and destabilize readily.


title: Induction generator

text: An induction generator produces electrical power when its rotor is turned faster than the "synchronous speed". For a four-pole motor (two pairs of poles on stator) powered by a 60 Hz source, the synchronous speed is 1800 rotations per minute (rpm) and 1500 RPM powered at 50Hz. The motor always turns slightly slower than the synchronous speed. The difference between synchronous and operating speed is called "slip" and is often expressed as per cent of the synchronous speed. For example, a motor operating at 1450 RPM that has a synchronous speed of 1500 RPM is running at a slip of +3.3%.


title: Induction generator

text: In operation as a motor, the stator flux rotation is at the synchronous speed, which is faster than the rotor speed. This causes the stator flux to cycle at the slip frequency inducing rotor current through the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor. The induced current create a rotor flux with magnetic polarity opposite to the stator. In this way, the rotor is dragged along behind stator flux, with the currents in the rotor induced at the slip frequency. The motor runs at the speed where the induced rotor current gives rise to torque equal to the shaft load.


title: Induction generator

text: In generator operation, a prime mover (turbine or engine) drives the rotor above the synchronous speed (negative slip). The stator flux induces current in the rotor, but the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils, a current is induced in the stator coils 270° behind the magnetizing current, in phase with magnetizing voltage. The motor delivers real (in-phase) power to the power system.


title: Induction generator

text: An induction motor requires an externally supplied current to the stator windings in order to induce a current in the rotor. Because the current in an inductor is integral of the voltage with respect to time, for a sinusoidal voltage waveform the current lags the voltage by 90°, and the induction motor always consumes reactive power, regardless of whether it is consuming electrical power and delivering mechanical power as a motor or consuming mechanical power and delivering electrical power to the system.


title: Induction generator

text: A source of excitation current for magnetizing flux (reactive power) for the stator is still required, to induce rotor current. This can be supplied from the electrical grid or, once it starts producing power, from a capacitive reactance . The generating mode for induction motors is complicated by the need to excite the rotor, which being induced by an alternating current is demagnetized at shutdown with no residual magnetization to bootstrap a cold start. It is necessary to connect an external source of magnetizing current to initialize production. The power frequency and voltage are not self regulating. The generator is able to supply current out of phase with the voltage requiring more external equipment to build a functional isolated power system. Similar is the operation of the induction motor in parallel with a synchronous motor serving as a power factor compensator. A feature in the generator mode in parallel to the grid is that the rotor speed is higher than in the driving mode. Then active energy is being given to the grid. Another disadvantage of induction motor generator is that it consumes a significant magnetizing current I0 = (20-35)%.


title: Induction generator

text: Active power delivered to the line is proportional to slip above the synchronous speed. Full rated power of the generator is reached at very small slip values (motor dependent, typically 3%). At synchronous speed of 1800 rpm, generator will produce no power. When the driving speed is increased to 1860 rpm (typical example), full output power is produced. If the prime mover is unable to produce enough power to fully drive the generator, speed will remain somewhere between 1800 and 1860 rpm range.


title: Induction generator

text: A capacitor bank must supply reactive power to the motor when used in stand-alone mode. The reactive power supplied should be equal or greater than the reactive power that the generator normally draws when operating as a motor.


title: Induction generator

text: The basic fundamental of induction generators is the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy. This requires an external torque applied to the rotor to turn it faster than the synchronous speed. However, indefinitely increasing torque doesn't lead to an indefinite increase in power generation. The rotating magnetic field torque excited from the armature works to counter the motion of the rotor and prevent over speed because of induced motion in the opposite direction. As the speed of the motor increases the counter torque reaches a max value of torque (breakdown torque) that it can operate until before the operating conditions become unstable. Ideally, induction generators work best in the stable region between the no-load condition and maximum torque region.


title: Induction generator

text: The maximum power that can be produced by an induction motor operated as a generator is limited by the rated current of the generator's windings.


title: Induction generator

text: In induction generators, the reactive power required to establish the air gap magnetic flux is provided by a capacitor bank connected to the machine in case of stand-alone system and in case of grid connection it draws reactive power from the grid to maintain its air gap flux. For a grid-connected system, frequency and voltage at the machine will be dictated by the electric grid, since it is very small compared to the whole system. For stand-alone systems, frequency and voltage are complex function of machine parameters, capacitance used for excitation, and load value and type.


title: Induction generator

text: Induction generators are often used in wind turbines and some micro hydro installations due to their ability to produce useful power at varying rotor speeds. Induction generators are mechanically and electrically simpler than other generator types. They are also more rugged, requiring no brushes or commutators.


title: Induction generator

text: An induction generator connected to a capacitor system can generate sufficient reactive power to operate on its own. When the load current exceeds the capability of the generator to supply both magnetization reactive power and load power the generator will immediately cease to produce power. In other wording: the slip (s) from negative "slides" into zero (0) and this sets the induction machine "at the brink" to exit the generator mode and ready to enter the motor mode.Further the "positivization" of slip (s) drives the induction asynchronous machine into the motor mode.Consequence: power flow switches direction (sense!): induction machine consumes power form gird instead of delivering it.The load must be removed and the induction generator restarted with either a external DC motor, or if present, residual magnetism in the core.


title: Induction generator

text: Induction generators are particularly suitable for wind generating stations as in this case speed is always a variable factor. Unlike synchronous motors, induction generators are load-dependent and cannot be used alone for grid frequency control.


title: Induction generator

text: As an example, consider the use of a 10 hp, 1760 r/min, 440 V, three-phase induction motor (a.k.a. induction electrical machine in an asynchronous generator regime) as asynchronous generator. The full-load current of the motor is 10 A and the full-load power factor is 0.8.


title: Induction generator

text: For a machine to run as an asynchronous generator, capacitor bank must supply minimum 4567 / 3 phases = 1523 VAR per phase. Voltage per capacitor is 440 V because capacitors are connected in delta.


title: Induction generator

text: Typically, slip should be similar to full-load value when machine is running as motor, but negative (generator operation):


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Michael Hitchcock (born July 28, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and television producer.


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Hitchcock received his Bachelor of Science degree from Northwestern University and a Master of Fine Arts degree from the University of California, Los Angeles. He is a graduate of Lyons Township High School in LaGrange, Illinois.


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Hitchcock was a writer and executive producer on seasons 3 and 4 of the CW television series "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend". He also served as a writer and co-executive producer on seasons 1 and 2. In addition, he has played the role of water conspiracy theorist Bert.


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Hitchcock served as a writer and co-executive producer on seasons 5 and 6 of the FOX television series "Glee". Hitchcock served as a writer and supervising producer on season 4, and became a writer and consulting producer for season 3 of the show after previously appearing in a guest role season 1 as rival glee club director Dalton Rumba. Hitchcock reprised this role in the season 4 episode "Makeover", season 5 episode "Love Love Love" and season 6 episode "The Hurt Locker, Part Two". In addition, Hitchcock directed the season 6 episode "Child Star".


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: As an actor, he has appeared in several of Christopher Guest's critically acclaimed movies, including "Waiting for Guffman" (1996), "Best in Show" (2000), "A Mighty Wind" (2003), "For Your Consideration" (2006), and "Mascots" (2016). "Best in Show" earned a Golden Globe nomination for “Best Comedy” and won “Funniest Motion Picture” by the American Comedy Awards and British Comedy Awards. Hitchcock and his co-actors from "A Mighty Wind" were awarded “Best Ensemble Cast” by Florida Film Critics Circle and were nominated for “Best Ensemble Acting” by the Phoenix Film Critics Society.


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Other film appearances include "Magic Camp" (2020), "Bridesmaids" (2011), "Super 8" (2011), "" (2010), "Smiley Face", "Wild Hogs" (2007), Joss Whedon's "Serenity" (2005), "Pretty Persuasion" (2005), "Bug" (2002), "Heartbreakers" (2001), and "Happy, Texas" (1999).


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Besides recurring roles on "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" and "Glee", Hitchcock has also recurred on "Black Monday", "The New Normal", "United States of Tara", "Men of a Certain Age", "Party Down", "MADtv", and "Grosse Pointe".


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Other roles in television series include "Space Force", "The Goldbergs", "People of Earth" , "Veep" , "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "Nobodies", "Idiotsitter", "Tom Goes to the Mayor", "Up All Night", "Entourage", "The League", "The Glee Project", "Pushing Daisies", "Arrested Development", "Head Case", "The Suite Life on Deck", "Las Vegas", and "Desperate Housewives".


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: In 1999, Hitchcock became a writer for the FOX late-night comedy series "MADtv", and became one of the series' producers in 2001. He also played the role of Simeon Dyson, an obnoxious, drug-abusing game show announcer on the recurring "MADtv" sketch, ""The Lillian Verner Game Show."" During his tenure, the "MADtv" writing team was nominated for three Writers Guild of America Awards in the Comedy/Variety category (in 2003, 2004, and 2005).


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Hitchcock's other writing credits include the comedy films "House Arrest" (1996), and "The Ultimate Christmas Present" (2000) as well as the critically acclaimed drama "Where the Day Takes You" (1992), which marked the film acting debut of Will Smith and also featured Dermot Mulroney, Lara Flynn Boyle, Sean Astin, Balthazar Getty, and Christian Slater. "Where the Day Takes You" was nominated for the "Critics Award" at the Deauville Film Festival, and Mulroney won "Best Actor" at the Seattle International Film Festival.


title: Michael Hitchcock

text: Hitchcock is an alumnus of The Groundlings, a Los Angeles-based improvisational and sketch comedy theater troupe. Although he retired from the theatre's Main Stage Company in the mid 1990s, Hitchcock still comes back regularly to perform in The Groundlings’ all-improv shows "Cookin' with Gas" and "The Crazy Uncle Joe Show".


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Staff Sergeant Reckless ( – May 13, 1968), a decorated warhorse who held official rank in the United States military, was a mare of Mongolian horse breeding. Out of a racehorse dam, she was purchased in October 1952 for $250 from a Korean stableboy at the Seoul racetrack who needed money to buy an artificial leg for his sister. Reckless was bought by members of the United States Marine Corps and trained to be a pack horse for the Recoilless Rifle Platoon, Anti-Tank Company, 5th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division. She quickly became part of the unit and was allowed to roam freely through camp, entering the Marines' tents, where she would sleep on cold nights, and was known for her willingness to eat nearly anything, including scrambled eggs, beer, Coca-Cola and, once, about $30 worth of poker chips.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: She served in numerous combat actions during the Korean War, carrying supplies and ammunition, and was also used to evacuate wounded. Learning each supply route after only a couple of trips, she often traveled to deliver supplies to the troops on her own, without benefit of a handler. The highlight of her nine-month military career came in late March 1953 during the Battle for Outpost Vegas when, in a single day, she made 51 solo trips to resupply multiple front line units. She was wounded in combat twice and was given the battlefield rank of corporal in 1953 and then a battlefield promotion to sergeant in 1954, several months after the war ended. She also became the first horse in the Marine Corps known to have participated in an amphibious landing, and following the war was awarded two Purple Hearts, a Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, inclusion in her unit's Presidential Unit Citations from two countries, and other military honors.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Her wartime service record was featured in "The Saturday Evening Post", and "LIFE" magazine recognized her as one of America's 100 all-time heroes. She was retired and brought to the United States after the war, where she made appearances on television and participated in the United States Marine Corps birthday ball. She was officially promoted to staff sergeant in 1959 by the Commandant of the Marine Corps. She gave birth to four foals in America and died in May 1968. A plaque and photo were dedicated in her honor at the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton stables and a statue of her was dedicated on July 26, 2013, at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia. On May 12, 2018, a bronze statue of Sergeant Reckless was placed and dedicated in the Kentucky Horse Park, Lexington Kentucky.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Sergeant Reckless was chestnut colored with a blaze and three white stockings. Her date of birth and parentage are unconfirmed, but she was estimated to be around three or four years old when she was purchased by members of the United States Marine Corps in October 1952. She was sold to the Marines by her owner, a young Korean stableboy called Kim Huk-moon (김혁문 or 김흑문), though that was not his real name. The horse was known as originally named "아침해" (Ah Chim Hai, ) in Korean, which translates to "Morning Sun" or "Sun-of-the-Morning", also known as "여명" (Yeo Myeong) in Korean, which translates to "light of dawn", "Morning Flame" or "Flame-of-the-Morning" also reputed to be the name of her dam, a racehorse at the track in Seoul. Kim Huk-moon sold the horse, whom he had nicknamed "Flame", to Lieutenant Eric Pedersen, son of arms designer John D. Pedersen. The $250 price was needed to buy a leg prosthesis for his sister, who had stepped on a land mine. The horse's breeding was thought to be primarily Mongolian though she did have some features, particularly the shape of her head, that were similar to horses of Thoroughbred lineage. She was small, standing only and weighing .


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: In October 1952, Pedersen received permission from Colonel Eustace P. Smoak to purchase a horse for his platoon. Based in mountainous terrain, Pedersen needed a pack animal capable of carrying up to nine of the heavy 24-pound shells needed to supply the recoilless rifles used by his unit, the Recoilless Rifle Platoon of the 5th Marine Regiment. The day after he received permission, on October 26, 1952, Pedersen, Sergeant Willard Berry, and Corporal Philip Carter drove a jeep with a trailer to the Seoul racetrack. Pedersen paid for the horse with his own money. Moon was reluctant to sell the horse, though he needed to, and cried when "Flame" departed. The Marines renamed her "Reckless" as a contraction of the name of the Recoilless rifle and a nod to the daredevil attitude associated with those who used the gun.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Her primary trainer and the person Reckless was closest to was platoon Gunnery Sergeant Joseph Latham. Private First Class Monroe Coleman was her primary caretaker. In addition to Pedersen, Latham, and Coleman, Lieutenant Bill Riley and Sergeant Elmer Lively were also involved with the training and care of Reckless. Pedersen had his wife ship a pack saddle from their home in California so Reckless could better fulfill her primary role as a pack animal. The recoilless rifle platoon had its own medical corpsman, Navy Hospitalman First Class George "Doc" Mitchell, who provided the majority of medical care for Reckless.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: The Marines, especially Latham, taught Reckless battlefield survival skills such as how not to become entangled in barbed wire and to lie down when under fire. She learned to run for a bunker upon hearing the cry, "incoming!" The platoon called it her "hoof training" and "hoof camp". The horse was initially kept in a pasture near the encampment. Reckless had a gentle disposition and soon developed such a rapport with the troops that she was allowed to freely roam about the camp and entered tents at will, sometimes sleeping inside with the troops, and even lying down next to Latham's warm tent stove on cold nights. She was fond of a wide variety of foodstuffs, entertaining the platoon by eating scrambled eggs and drinking Coca-Cola and beer. Food could not be left unattended around her. She was known to eat bacon, buttered toast, chocolate bars, hard candy, shredded wheat, peanut butter sandwiches and mashed potatoes. However, Mitchell advised the platoon that she not be given more than two bottles of Coke a day. Her tastes were not confined to foodstuffs; she once ate her horse blanket, and on another occasion ate $30 worth of Latham's winning poker chips.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Reckless's baptism under fire came at a place called Hedley's Crotch, near the villages of Changdan and Kwakchan. Though loaded down with six recoilless rifle shells, she initially "went straight up" and all four feet left the ground the first time the Recoilless Rifle was fired. When she landed she started shaking, but Coleman, her handler, calmed her down. The second time the gun fired she merely snorted, and by the end of the mission that day appeared calm and was seen trying to eat a discarded helmet liner. She even appeared to take an interest in the operation of the weapon. When learning a new delivery route, Reckless would only need someone to lead her a few times. Afterwards she would make the trips on her own. There was a standing order not to ride Reckless, but in early December 1952, someone violated that order and took Reckless on a ride that included a sprint through a minefield. She was not injured during the unauthorized ride.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Her most significant accomplishment came during the Battle of Panmunjom-Vegas (also known as the Battle of Outpost Vegas/Vegas Hill) over the period March 26–28, 1953, when she made 51 solo trips in a single day, carrying a total of 386 recoilless rounds (over 9,000 pounds, carrying 4 to 8 24-pound shells on each trip) covering over 35 miles that day. The whole Battle of Vegas lasted 3 days. She was wounded twice during the battle: once when she was hit by shrapnel over the left eye and another time on her left flank. For her accomplishments during the Battle of Vegas Hill, Reckless was promoted to corporal.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: When not on the front lines, Reckless packed other items for the platoon, and was particularly useful for stringing telephone wire. Carrying reels of wire on her pack that were played out as she walked, she could string as much wire as twelve men on foot. She became the first horse in the Marine Corps known to have participated in an amphibious landing when the 5th moved from Camp Casey to Inchon, planning to participate in amphibious landings hundreds of miles south of Inchon. The commanding officer of the transport halted loading operations when he saw the platoon on the dock with Reckless. He refused to take her on board his clean ship, which had won an award for being the cleanest ship in the previous two years. She was allowed on board after the Marines produced the loading plan, approved by him, which specifically listed Reckless and her equipment. Once the ship was underway, she became sick, making a mess on the ship's decks during the first part of the voyage. She could not be disembarked due to a storm, but soon became accustomed to the motion of the ship at sea and had no more problems. The 1st Marine Division was moved to a rest area soon after the move, and while there some platoon members posed with Reckless and a sign challenging the Thoroughbred Native Dancer to a race. They called their race the "Paddy Derby", the field "Upsan Downs", and the conditions differed from a typical horse race: 1.5 miles over paddies and hills, carrying 192 pounds of ammunition, and no riders. The Marines never received a reply; Native Dancer came in second in the Kentucky Derby, and went on to win the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Randolph M. Pate, then the commander of the 1st Marine Division, gave Reckless a battlefield promotion from corporal to sergeant in a formal ceremony, complete with reviewing stand, on April 10, 1954, several months after the war ended. She was also given a red and gold blanket with insignia. Reckless was promoted again, to staff sergeant (E-6), on August 31, 1959, at Camp Pendleton, California. This promotion was also awarded by Pate, then the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Pate personally presided over the ceremony, and Reckless was honored with a 19-gun salute and a 1,700-man parade of Marines from her wartime unit. She was an early example of an animal holding official rank in a branch of the United States military.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: For her exemplary service to the Marine Corps, Reckless was awarded two Purple Hearts (for the wounds received during the Battle of Vegas), a Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, a Presidential Unit Citation with bronze star, the National Defense Service Medal, a Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Korea Medal, a Navy Unit Commendation, and a Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. She would wear these awards on her horse blanket, plus a French Fourragere that the 5th Marines earned in World War I.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: An article in "The Saturday Evening Post", published on April 17, 1954, while Reckless was still in Korea, resulted in a campaign by American supporters to get the Marines to bring her to the United States. An executive at Pacific Transport Lines, Stan Coppel, read the article and offered to let Reckless ride free on one of his company's ships from Yokohama to San Francisco. Prior to her departure for America, a ceremony, including a band, for Reckless' rotation to the United States was held during half time of a football game between the Marine Corps and Army. Reckless left Korea for Japan aboard a 1st Marine Aircraft Wing transport plane. She then sailed from Yokohama on October 22 aboard the "SS Pacific Transport", due in San Francisco on November 5, 1954. A typhoon delayed the ship's arrival until the evening of November 9. Reckless and her caretakers stayed aboard until the next morning. Reckless got sick during the storm and was once knocked out of her stall onto the deck by the storm, which happened near the end of the trip.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Reckless's entry into the United States was not without its challenges. The Customs Bureau was not much of a problem but the United States Department of Agriculture insisted a medical check and lab tests be completed before she disembarked from the ship once it reached San Francisco, which would make her late for the Marine banquet where she was to be the guest of honor. The Marines contacted Agriculture Department officials in Washington, D.C. who agreed to allow her off the ship after her blood was drawn for lab tests, with the understanding that if she had glanders or dourine, she would be destroyed or sent back to Japan. Many of the Marines who actually knew her were incensed at what they considered an affront to her honor when they learned that dourine was an equine sexually transmitted disease. The night before she arrived, she once again ate her blanket, but a new one with ribbons and insignia was made just in time for her disembarkation. She was led off the ship by Lieutenant Pedersen and set foot on American soil in San Francisco on November 10, 1954, coincidentally the anniversary of the creation of the Marine Corps. For the Marine Corps Birthday Ball held that day, she rode an elevator, and then ate both cake and the flower decorations.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Reckless was kept by Pedersen's family for a brief time before moving to a more permanent home with the 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. A second article about Reckless appeared in "The Saturday Evening Post" on October 22, 1955. These two articles and the book "Reckless: Pride of the Marines" (1955) were written by the commander of the 2nd Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Geer, who kept notes about Reckless during the war. She made several public appearances, including Art Linkletter's show "House Party", but had to cancel an appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show" due to the typhoon. Ed Sullivan had wanted her to appear on his November 7 show and was willing to pay the costs to get her there right after the scheduled, and delayed, November 5 arrival. Reckless never did appear on Sullivan's show.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Reckless was well cared for and treated as a VIP during her time at Camp Pendleton. The Marine Corps was also careful not to allow her to be exploited by commercial interests. She produced four foals there: colts Fearless (1957), Dauntless (1959), and Chesty (1964); her last foal, a filly born circa 1965–1966, died a month after birth and was unnamed. Her offspring Chesty was named after Chesty Puller, one of the few Marines ever allowed to ride Reckless. Puller was a Marine Corps lieutenant general and the most decorated United States Marine of all time. Reckless retired from active service with full military honors at Camp Pendleton on November 10, 1960. She was provided free quarters and feed in lieu of retirement pay, per Marine Corps documents.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: Reckless developed arthritis in her back as she aged and injured herself on May 13, 1968, by falling into a barbed wire fence. She died under sedation while her wounds were being treated. At the time of her death, she was estimated to be 19 or 20 years old. There is a plaque and photo commemorating her at the Camp Pendleton stables. The first race at Aqueduct racetrack, New York, was designated "The Sgt Reckless" on November 10, 1989. In 1997, Reckless was listed by "LIFE" magazine as one of America's 100 all-time heroes.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: A monument by sculptor Jocelyn Russell of Reckless carrying ammunition shells and other combat equipment was unveiled on July 26, 2013, in Semper Fidelis Memorial Park at the National Museum of the Marine Corps, one day before the 60th anniversary of the Korean War. There is a lock of her tail hair in the base of the statue. The statue's plaque includes a quote from Sergeant Harold Wadley, who served in battle alongside Sergeant Reckless: "The spirit of her loneliness and her loyalty, in spite of the danger, was something else to behold. Hurting. Determined. And alone. That's the image I have imprinted in my head and heart forever."


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: There are five additional monuments to Sergeant Reckless around the country by artist Jocelyn Russell: Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, CA (October 26, 2016); Kentucky Horse Park, Lexington, KY (May 12, 2018); National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame, Ft. Worth, TX (November 13, 2019), Barrington Hills Farm, Barrington Hills, IL (September 2019); and the World Equestrian Center, Ocala, FL (December 2020). They are similar to the one located at the National Museum of the Marine Corps.


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: A memorial to Sergeant Reckless at Yeoncheon Gorangpogu History Park (Near Battlefield of Outpost Vegas Battle) was dedicated in 2018


title: Sergeant Reckless

text: On 28 July 2016, Sergeant Reckless was posthumously awarded the Dickin Medal for her service between 1952 and 1953. In November 2019 she became the first recipient of the new American equivalent of the Dickin Medal, the Animals in War & Peace Medal of Bravery.


The South Korea women's national volleyball team (Korean : 대한민국 여자 배구 국가대표팀) represents South Korea in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. It was one of the leading squads in the world in the 1970s, 1990s and 2010s, having won the bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and placing fourth at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.


title: George Murphy

text: George Lloyd Murphy (July 4, 1902 – May 3, 1992) was an American dancer, actor, and politician. Murphy was a song-and-dance leading man in many big-budget Hollywood musicals from 1930 to 1952. He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946, and was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1951. Murphy served from 1965 to 1971 as U.S. Senator from California, the first notable American actor to be elected to statewide office in California, predating Ronald Reagan and Arnold Schwarzenegger, who each served two terms as governor. He is the only United States Senator represented by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy was born in New Haven, Connecticut, of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and the former Nora Long. He was educated at Trinity-Pawling School, Peddie School and Yale University in his native New Haven. He worked as a tool maker for the Ford Motor Company, as a miner, a real estate agent, and a night club dancer.


title: George Murphy

text: In movies, Murphy was known as a song-and-dance man and appeared in many big-budget musicals such as "Broadway Melody of 1938" (1937), "Broadway Melody of 1940" (1940) and "For Me and My Gal" (1942). He made his movie debut shortly after talking pictures had replaced silent movies in 1930, and his career continued until he retired as an actor in 1952, at the age of 50. During World War II, he organized entertainment for American troops.


title: George Murphy

text: In 1951, he was awarded an honorary Academy Award. He was never nominated for an Oscar in any competitive category.


title: George Murphy

text: He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946. He was also a vice president of Desilu Productions and of the Technicolor Corporation. He was director of entertainment for presidential inaugurations in 1953, 1957 and 1961.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy entered politics in 1952 by joining the leadership of the California Republican Party, having also directed the entertainment for the Eisenhower-Nixon inauguration that same year.


title: George Murphy

text: In 1964, he was elected as a Republican to the Senate, having defeated Pierre Salinger, the former presidential press secretary in the Kennedy White House, who had been appointed several months earlier to serve the remainder of the late Clair Engle's unexpired term. Murphy served from January 1, 1965, to January 3, 1971. Murphy assumed his seat two days early, when Salinger resigned from the seat to allow Murphy to gain an edge in seniority. Murphy was then appointed by Democratic Governor Pat Brown to serve the remaining two days of Salinger's term.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy was in demand for a time to assist other Republican candidates seeking office. In 1966, he hosted a fundraising dinner in Atlanta, Georgia, for US Representative Howard "Bo" Callaway, the first Republican candidate for Governor of Georgia since Reconstruction. In the election, Callaway outpolled Democrat Lester Maddox, but did not get a majority, and the state legislature elected Maddox.


title: George Murphy

text: In 1967 and 1968, Murphy was the chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. During his Senate term, Murphy developed throat cancer, and part of his larynx had to be removed. For the rest of his life, he was unable to speak above a whisper.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy voted in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as well as the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.


title: George Murphy

text: In 1970, Murphy ran for re-election; he was challenged by Democratic US Representative John V. Tunney, the son of famed heavyweight boxing champion Gene Tunney. Murphy's surgery and staunch support for the lingering Vietnam War worked against him, as did reports that he had continued to receive a salary from Technicolor after taking office. Tunney's successful Senate race in 1970 was reportedly the inspiration for the 1972 Robert Redford film "The Candidate".


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy's move from the screen to California politics paved the way for the successful transitions of actors such as Ronald Reagan and later Arnold Schwarzenegger. Reagan once famously referred to George Murphy as his own "John the Baptist".


title: George Murphy

text: Fellow Republicans praised Murphy's ability to speak at fundraising dinners and so consequently backed his bid to become the chairman of the Senate Republican Campaign Committee.


title: George Murphy

text: During his tenure in the Senate, Murphy created the candy desk by placing a supply of confectionery on his desk on the U.S. Senate floor. After 1971, the candy-desk duties were bequeathed to a string of successors; since 2015, the keeper of the candy desk has been Pennsylvania Republican Pat Toomey.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy was the subject of a song by Tom Lehrer included on his album "That Was the Year That Was" with the same name, which criticized Murphy's comments about Mexicans working in the US.


title: George Murphy

text: Murphy was married to his ballroom dancing partner, Juliette "Julie" Henkel-Johnson, from December 18, 1926, until her death, in 1973. They had two children: Dennis Michael Murphy and Melissa Elaine Murphy.


title: Jumpol Adulkittiporn

text: Jumpol Adulkittiporn (; also known as Off (), born 20 January 1991) is a Thai actor and host. He is known for his main role as Khai in GMMTV's "Theory of Love" (2019), Sean in "Not Me" (2021-22)


title: Jumpol Adulkittiporn

text: Jumpol was born in Bangkok, Thailand. He completed his secondary education in Wat Rajabopit School. He graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Faculty of Information and Communication Technology in Silpakorn University.


title: Jumpol Adulkittiporn

text: Jumpol began working in the entertainment industry as host of the 2013 TV program Five Live Fresh. After the show, he debuted as an actor with a guest role in the 2013 Thai drama series "", and got his first main role in the 2014 series Room Alone.


title: Jumpol Adulkittiporn

text: Since then, he has continued working as an artist under GMMTV. Off gained prominence for playing Pick in 'Senior Secret Love: Puppy Honey' (2016) and its respective sequel alongside Atthaphan Phunsawat. The pair later went on to star in the 2019 romantic drama Theory of Love and 2021 action drama Not Me.


title: Sam Faiers

text: Samantha Elizabeth Faiers (born 31 December 1990) is an English television personality and model. She is known for having starred in the ITV2 reality series "The Only Way Is Essex" from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, she competed in the thirteenth series of "Celebrity Big Brother", finishing in fifth place.


title: Sam Faiers

text: On 10 October 2010, Faiers appeared in the first episode of "The Only Way Is Essex" and in total, starred in eleven series of the show. The second series of the programme saw Faiers' sister Billie join the cast. During this series, Faiers also began a relationship with cast member Joey Essex. However, their relationship came to an end again months later in the ninth series. In March 2014, Faiers announced that she would be taking a break from "The Only Way Is Essex" after the end of its eleventh series, due to her recent Crohn's disease diagnosis and to work on her relationship with Essex.


title: Sam Faiers

text: In January 2014, Faiers entered the "Celebrity Big Brother" house to compete in the thirteenth series. She entered handcuffed to fellow housemate, American starlet Jasmine Waltz, as part of a task. It was revealed that Faiers had been meeting a journalist from "OK!" during her stay in the house, so that she could continue writing her weekly column for the magazine. Faiers made the final on Day 27 but finished in fifth place. While in the house, Faiers was unwell and stated that she 'couldn't keep food down', and was later diagnosed with Crohn's disease. In 2016, Faiers began starring in her own reality series on ITVBe, titled "Sam Faiers: The Baby Diaries". Sister Billie was later added to the main cast, and the programme was retooled into "Sam and Billie Faiers: The Mummy Diaries".


title: Sam Faiers

text: Faiers has made guest appearances on chat shows such as "Loose Women", "This Morning" and "Daybreak". She was a panellist on the fifth episode of series 8 of "Shooting Stars" and starred on the eleventh series of "The Real Hustle", going undercover as a bitter ex-wife to help the Hustlers con a mark. She has also been a panellist on "Celebrity Juice" twice, once during the sixth series and again in the ninth series with her (then) fiancé Joey Essex. Faiers has recently launched her own online fitness website (Celebrity Training with Sam Faiers) which offers only workout videos and healthy eating recipes.


title: Sam Faiers

text: Faiers was engaged to fellow "TOWIE" cast member Joey Essex, but later split up. They reconciled later in 2012. Essex then proposed to Faiers again in March 2013 and Faiers accepted. However, the couple split up again on-screen in June 2013 following several arguments between the pair. In October 2014 they announced they had split up "for good".


title: Sam Faiers

text: In February 2014, Faiers was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. It is believed that she first displayed symptoms during her time in the "Celebrity Big Brother" house. During her stay in the house she was admitted to hospital twice for tests, which continued into February once she had left the house, finally achieving a diagnosis.


title: Sam Faiers

text: On 21 August 2015, Faiers announced she is expecting her first child with partner Paul. On 29 December 2015, Faiers gave birth to a boy, Paul Tony Knightley. On 5 July 2017, Faiers announced she is expecting her second child. On 11 November 2017, Faiers gave birth to a girl, Rosie Knightley. On 23 November 2021, Faiers announced she is expecting her third child. On 10 May 2022, Faiers gave birth to a boy, Edward Knightley.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: TransUnion CIBIL Limited is a credit information company operating in India. It maintains credit files on 600 million individuals and 32 million businesses. TransUnion is one of four credit bureaus operating in India and is part of TransUnion, an American multinational group.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: Trans Union CIBIL aggregates consumer borrowing and payment information for the purpose of assessing loan risk and pricing credit (setting the interest rate). It has partnered with Chicago-based TransUnion.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: Consumer credit scores are also used in unemployment decisions, although there are no studies in India showing that impaired credit leads to employee misconduct and unemployment.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: TransUnion CIBIL aggregates business financial and payment information for the purpose of assessing loan risk and pricing credit (setting the interest rate. It has partnered with New Jersey based Dun and Bradstreet. D&B maintains files on 150 million business worldwide.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: CIBIL score is a bank's assessment of a client's trustworthiness based on information from their credit history. The higher the score, the more favourable the bank is to the client. It is a 3-digit number ranging between 300 and 900. Ideally, 720 or above score considered as a good CIBIL score.


title: TransUnion CIBIL

text: Banks and financial organisations widely use CRIF and CIBIL. Both of them are more or less the same. So let's have a comparative analysis of CRIF and CIBIL


title: No Rain

text: "No Rain" is a song by American rock band Blind Melon. It was released in 1993 as the second single from the band's debut album "Blind Melon". The song is well known for its accompanying music video, which features the "Bee Girl" character. The music video, directed by Samuel Bayer, received heavy airplay on MTV at the time of its release. It subsequently helped propel "Blind Melon" to a multi-platinum level.


title: No Rain

text: The song is the band's highest-charting song, reaching number 20 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on both the "Billboard" Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts. It proved to be successful internationally, peaking at number one in Canada and number eight in Australia.


title: No Rain

text: Although the song is credited to the whole band, it was bassist Brad Smith who wrote the greater part of "No Rain". He said: "The song is about not being able to get out of bed and find excuses to face the day when you have really, in a way, nothing." At the time, Smith had been dating a girl who was going through depression (she would sleep through sunny days and complain when it didn't rain), and for a while he told himself that he was writing the song from her perspective, though Smith later realized that he was also writing it about himself.


title: No Rain

text: The music video, directed by Samuel Bayer, stars Heather DeLoach as the "Bee Girl", a young tap dancer wearing a homemade bee costume and large glasses, modeled after the "Blind Melon" album cover: a family picture of Georgia Graham, younger sister of drummer Glen Graham. The Bee Girl's story is intercut with footage of Blind Melon performing in a field against a clear blue sky.


title: No Rain

text: It opens on the girl's tap routine; the audience responds with mocking laughter, and the girl runs off-stage in tears. As the song plays, she wanders through Los Angeles, stopping to perform her dance for whomever will watch, but she still feels alone. Ultimately, at the point in the song where the word "escape" is repeated, she peeks through a gate, which elicits a look of astonishment on her face, then runs through it to join a group of "bee people" just like her, dancing joyfully in a green field.


title: No Rain

text: As a result of the video, DeLoach appeared on the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards doing her "Bee Girl" dance to close the show, and also appeared as the "Bee Girl" in the video for "Weird Al" Yankovic's song "Bedrock Anthem".


title: No Rain

text: "Pitchfork" described the song as "a playfully jingle-jangle riff that feels strummed from a hammock, a beguiling falsetto vocal from wildly charismatic frontman Shannon Hoon, a sweet and mournful lyric about watching the world go by that doesn’t sound depressed even though it literally describes depression."


title: No Rain

text: A live version of the song appears on radio station KMTT's "Live from the Mountain Music Lounge Volume 14", released in 2008.


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: Caroline Kepnes (born 10 November 1976) is an American writer, screenwriter, author, and former entertainment reporter. She is best known for her novels "You" (2014), "Hidden Bodies" (2016), "Providence" (2018) and "You Love Me" (2021).


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: Kepnes was born November 1976 on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Her father was Jewish and Kepnes identifies as "half-Jewish." During her formative years, she attended Barnstable High School. After graduation, she commenced her studies at Brown University. Later, she obtained an undergraduate degree in American Civilization and worked as an entertainment reporter for "Entertainment Weekly".


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: In an interview with the "Boston Globe" Kepnes said her first paid writing gig was an article on boy bands, for "Tiger Beat" magazine. In addition to her work as a writer, she performed as a background character in the television series "The $treet".


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: In 2014 Kepnes released her first novel of the thriller series, "You". Kepnes explained the darkness of "You", which deconstructs the romantic-comedy tropes highlighted in many films and shows by making the protagonist a violent stalker and serial killer, saying it was written in a dark period of her life, the year her father died of cancer, and in which she experienced several other personal challenges. Later, Kepnes was initially hesitant on labeling Joe, as a few readers argued that his actions classified him as a serial killer. The author then clarified her position on the matter, citing that "I remember when I wrote You and someone first referred to Joe as a serial killer. I argued 'he’s not a serial killer, he meets these terrible people and has these awful thoughts, but he’s very sensitive'. It’s very strange to realise you have written a serial killer."


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: In February 2015, it was announced that Greg Berlanti and Sera Gamble would develop a television series based on the novel at Showtime. Two years later, it was announced that the series was purchased by Lifetime and put on fast-track development. "You" premiered on September 9, 2018. On July 26, 2018, ahead of the series premiere, Lifetime announced that the series had been renewed for a second season. On December 3, 2018, it was confirmed that Lifetime had passed on a second season and that Netflix had picked up the series. The second season was released exclusively on Netflix on December 26, 2019. On January 14, 2020, "You" was renewed for a third season by Netflix. The third season was released on October 15, 2021. In October 2021, ahead of the third season premiere, the series was renewed for a fourth season.


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: In 2016, Kepnes published a sequel to "You", "Hidden Bodies". It was loosely adapted in the second season of the Netflix thriller series, "You". For "Hidden Bodies", Kepnes had thoughts for a potential direction before its conception, stating that before "I was even finished with the first book I knew what my second one was going to be. I wanted to trap Joe somewhere."


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: Her third novel, "Providence", published in 2018, has been described as romance-suspense-thriller, with supernatural aspects. Alison Flood, in a review published by "The Guardian", wrote ""Providence is compelling, and Kepnes provides a sometimes piercing insight into the small, strange, sad details that make up a life, though without quite achieving the deep, dark pleasures of You."" According to Cheryl Wassenaar, in a review in "Cultures magazine", the novel is ""a bit like Dexter meets, well, H.P. Lovecraft."" In January 2021, it was announced that Greg Berlanti and Sera Gamble would reunite to develop a television series based on the novel for "Peacock".


title: Caroline Kepnes

text: The third novel and the sequel to "Hidden Bodies", titled "You Love Me" was released on April 6, 2021. Currently, Kepnes is working on the fourth novel for the "You" series.titled "For You and Only You: A Joe Goldberg Novel"


title: Abstention

text: Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote (on election day) or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "blank vote", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by marking it wrongly or by not marking anything at all. A "blank (or white) voter" has voted, although their vote may be considered a spoilt vote, depending on each legislation, while an abstaining voter has not voted. Both forms (abstention and blank vote) may or may not, depending on the circumstances, be considered to be a protest vote (also known as a "blank vote" or "white vote").


title: Abstention

text: An abstention may be used to indicate the voting individual's ambivalence about the measure, or mild disapproval that does not rise to the level of active opposition. Abstention can also be used when someone has a certain position about an issue, but since the popular sentiment supports the opposite, it might not be politically expedient to vote according to their conscience. A person may also abstain when they do not feel adequately informed about the issue at hand, or have not participated in relevant discussion. In parliamentary procedure, a member may be required to abstain in the case of a real or perceived conflict of interest.


title: Abstention

text: Abstentions do not count in tallying the vote negatively or positively; when members abstain, they are in effect attending only to contribute to a quorum. White votes, however, may be counted in the total of votes, depending on the legislation.


title: Abstention

text: An active abstention can occur where a voter votes in a way that balances out their vote as if they had never voted. This has occurred many times in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. During a division (a process where a yes/no vote occurs to agree or disagree to a motion), a Member of Parliament may actively abstain by voting both "yes" and "no". This is effectively the same as not voting at all, as the outcome will not be changed by the active abstention. However, in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, active abstention is not possible as a Lord voting both ways will be removed from the list of votes.


title: Abstention

text: In another manner, an intentionally spoilt vote could be interpreted as an active abstention. An intentionally spoilt vote is caused by a voter who turns to an election and invalidates the ballot paper in some way. Because of the nature of an abstention, only intentionally spoiled ballots could be counted as an active abstention.


title: Abstention

text: In the United Nations Security Council, representatives of the five countries holding a veto power (the United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia and China) sometimes abstain rather than vetoing a measure about which they are less than enthusiastic, particularly if the measure otherwise has broad support. By convention, their abstention does not block the measure. If a majority of members of the United Nations General Assembly or one of its committees abstain on a measure, then the measure fails.


title: Abstention

text: In the Council of the European Union, an abstention on a matter decided by unanimity has the effect of a "yes" vote; on matters decided by qualified majority it has an effect of a "no" vote.


title: Abstention

text: In the Italian Senate, an abstention used to have the effects of a "no" vote. This was changed in 2017, when it was established that a measure only needed for the number of "yes" votes to be higher than the number of "no" votes in order to pass, with abstentions being counted neither as "yes" votes nor as "no" votes.


title: Abstention

text: In the United States House of Representatives and many other legislatures, members may vote "present" rather than for or against a bill or resolution, which has the effect of an abstention.


title: Abstention

text: In the United States Senate, the Presiding Officer calls each senator's name alphabetically, and, if abstaining, the senator must give a reason for the abstention. Members may decline to vote, in committee or on the floor, on any matter which they believe would be a conflict of interest.


title: Abstention

text: An example of a conflict was when Senator Mitch McConnell abstained when his wife Elaine Chao was nominated to positions that needed to be confirmed by the Senate, the most recent was on January 31 2017 when Chao was confirmed as Transportation Secretary.


title: Abstention

text: When a senator is nominated for a position that needs to be confirmed by the Senate, that senator is expected to vote "present", such as occurred in 2013 when John Kerry was nominated for the position of Secretary of State and voted "present" rather than vote for his own confirmation.


title: Abstention

text: In support for this non-political strategy, some non-voters claim that voting does not make any positive difference. "If voting changed anything, they’d make it illegal" is an oft-cited sentiment attributed to anarchist Emma Goldman.


title: Abstention

text: In addition to strategic non-voters, there are also "ethical non-voters", those who reject voting outright, not merely as an ineffective tactic for change, but moreover because they view the act as either a grant of consent to be governed by the state, a means of imposing illegitimate control over one's countrymen, or both. Thus, this view holds that through voting, one necessarily finds themselves violating the non-aggression principle. Herbert Spencer noted that whether a person votes for the winning candidate, votes for a losing candidate, or abstains from voting, he will be deemed to have consented to the rule of the winning candidate, if they were to follow the doctrine of Blackstone of which Spencer stated "A rather awkward doctrine this."


title: Abstention

text: Murray Rothbard, while a libertarian himself, criticized the "New Libertarian Manifesto"s arguments that voting is immoral or undesirable:


title: Abstention

text: The german philosopher and founder of the "Party of nonvoters" ("") describes in his 2021 published book "Nonvoters into parliament - Refreshment of democracy" ("Nichtwähler ins Parlament – Auffrischung der Demokratie") an institutionalisation of nonvoter proportions. Peters proposes to treat abstentions like regular votes and allocate proportionatly the number of abstentions to seats. Though other than with regular votes, seats are offered after the vote to randomly chosen citizens, similar to citizens' assemblies.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: Captain Blood is a 1935 American black-and-white swashbuckling pirate film from First National Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures, produced by Harry Joe Brown and Gordon Hollingshead (with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer), directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone and Ross Alexander.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: The film is based on the 1922 novel "Captain Blood" by Rafael Sabatini, with a screenplay by Casey Robinson, and concerns an imprisoned doctor and his fellow prisoners who escape their cruel island captivity and become pirates in the West Indies. An earlier 1924 Vitagraph silent film version of "Captain Blood" starred J. Warren Kerrigan as Peter Blood.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: Warner Bros. risked pairing two relatively unknown performers in the lead roles. Flynn's performance made him a major Hollywood star and established him as the natural successor to Douglas Fairbanks and a "symbol of an unvanquished man" during the Great Depression. "Captain Blood" also established de Havilland, in just her fourth screen appearance, as a major star and was the first of eight films costarring Flynn and de Havilland. In 1938 they would be reunited with Rathbone in "The Adventures of Robin Hood". The same year, Rathbone also starred with Flynn in "The Dawn Patrol".


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: In England in 1685, Irish doctor Peter Blood is summoned to aid Lord Gildoy, a wounded patron who participated in the Monmouth Rebellion. Arrested while performing his duties as a physician, he is convicted of treason against King James II and sentenced to death by the infamous Judge Jeffreys. By the whim of the king, upon his advisor Lord Sunderland's counsel, Blood and the surviving rebels are transported to the West Indies to be sold into slavery.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: In Port Royal, Blood is acquired to Arabella Bishop, the beautiful niece of local military commander Colonel Bishop. Attracted by Blood's rebellious nature, Arabella tries to improve his situation by recommending him as the personal physician of the colony's governor, Steed, who suffers from painful gout. Outwardly resentful toward Arabella yet silently appreciative for her efforts on his behalf, Blood develops an escape plan for himself and his fellow prisoners. The plan is almost uncovered by the suspicious Colonel Bishop, who has one of Blood's men, Jeremy Pitt, flogged and interrogated. Blood is spared a similar fate when a Spanish man-o-war attacks Port Royal. During the raid, Blood and his fellow prisoners seize the Spanish ship from its drunken night watch and sail away to begin lives of piracy in 1687.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: Captain Blood's crew quickly achieve great fame among the buccaneers of the Brotherhood of the Coast, with Blood himself deemed the greatest captain of the coast. When Governor Steed is unable to contain the pirate menace, Colonel Bishop is appointed governor. He sends Arabella to England on an extended holiday, but three years later, she returns to the Caribbean. Her ship, also carrying royal emissary Lord Willoughby, is captured by Blood's treacherous partner, the French buccaneer Captain Levasseur, who plans to hold them for ransom. Blood forces Levasseur to sell them to him while relishing the opportunity to turn the tables on Arabella. When Levasseur vehemently objects, the two pirate captains duel, in which Blood is forced to kill Levasseur. Blood offers Arabella valuable jewelry from his conquests as a sign of his love for her. Ungrateful for her "rescue," Arabella is indignant at having been purchased by Blood, and calls him a thief and a pirate. Although angered by her rejection, he orders his men to set sail for Port Royal where he will deliver Arabella and Lord Willoughby, despite the danger to himself and his crew.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: As they approach Port Royal, they sight two French warships attacking the city; Bishop has left it undefended in his single-minded pursuit of Blood. With England now at war with France, Lord Willoughby pleads with Blood to save the colony, but the captain and his crew refuse to fight for the corrupt king. Willoughby reveals that James was kicked out of England and fled to France in hiding; England's new king, William III, has sent Willoughby to offer Blood and his men full pardons and commissions in the Royal Navy. This startling news quickly changes the pirates' minds, and they prepare for battle with the French.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: After ferrying Arabella ashore, Blood and his men approach Port Royal flying French colors, but soon that ensign is replaced with the British Union Jack. A pitched ship-to-ship battle ensues, leading to frenzied hand-to-hand deck combat. Blood and his men defeat the French frigates, saving the colony, but not before losing their ship in the battle. As a reward, Blood is appointed the new governor of Port Royal by Lord Willoughby and has Arabella confess that she loves him. Blood also has the pleasure of dealing with his hostile predecessor, having now returned from his pirate hunt and under arrest for abandoning his post in a time of war. As Arabella playfully pleads with the new governor to spare her uncle's life, Blood reveals his face to the astonished Bishop, greeting him with the words "Good morning, Uncle."


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: Warner Bros. was inspired to remake the film, which it had first produced as a silent picture in 1923, after the popularity of "Treasure Island" (1934) and "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1934) revived the Hollywood swashbuckler genre.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: "Captain Blood" features a stirring and romantic musical score, the first of its type for a sound film, by Austrian composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold. In 1935, Warner Bros. asked Korngold to score the film, but he declined, feeling that a story about pirates was outside his range of interest. However, Korngold changed his mind after watching the filming.


title: Captain Blood (1935 film)

text: Korngold was required to compose more than an hour of symphonic music in only three weeks. The short time frame forced him to borrow portions of symphonic poems by Franz Liszt, which constituted approximately ten percent of the score. As such, Korngold was unwilling to take credit for the entire film score, insisting instead that his credit be for "musical arrangement" only.