title: Lady Death

text: Hope, realising that her father has changed and is no longer the man he once was, follows him into the dungeons, with her mother close behind. The townsfolk meanwhile batter down the gates and invade the castle, intent on revenge. Hope discovers her father summoning dark wraiths, and sacrificing the souls of countless peasants in exchange for a kingdom in The Labyrinth. The wraiths refer to her father as Sagos.


title: Lady Death

text: Sagos grabs hold of Mary, revealing that he has possessed Marius' body, and they disappear through the portal, leaving Hope behind. Cheated of their revenge, the villagers decide to burn Hope at the stake as a witch. Not wishing to die, Hope casts the spell she overheard her father cast, and summons the wraiths herself. The wraiths agree to transport her through the portal, if she forsakes her humanity and pledges her soul to The Labyrinth. Hope passes through the portal, her skin and hair turning albino in the process (the mark of all those who willingly choose to pass through the portal), and finds herself in the Blacklands.


title: Lady Death

text: There she encounters Wargoth, who observes her uncontrolled and instinctive use of magic, and agrees to help her destroy Sagos and rescue her mother. He recruits the sorceress Satasha to teach Hope spellcraft. Wargoth also teaches her how to fight, but every weapon she wields melts in her hand due to her uncontrolled energy.


title: Lady Death

text: Over the next two years, Lady Death and her companions fight through the Blacklands, hunting for Sagos. All the while Sagos' undead army destroys and converts the cities of the Blacklands. Eventually, Lady Death and her companions track Sagos down to a temple in Karrion, where they discover Sagos holding Lady Death's mother in chains. Sagos defeats them easily and brings the temple down around them. Lady Death digs herself out and is attacked by Nameless Wolves, slaying all but two of them. These two wolves become her companions.


title: Lady Death

text: In the city of Asuwa, Lady Death recovers the sword Deathbringer, which was specially made for her by Satasha and The Silent One. Deathbringer is able to withstand her energies without being destroyed, and allows her to channel her magic through it.


title: Lady Death

text: Lady Death then bathes in the Fanghorn river, which grants knowledge of elemental magic to those who survive the experience. She uses this power to save Satasha's home city from destruction, but learns that Sagos does not plan to just conquer the Blacklands, but to wipe out all life, and that he has the means to do it.


title: Lady Death

text: Note: Avatar Press publishes two versions of Lady Death: the Classic version (revamped slightly due to her separation from the Chaos! Comics universe), and Medieval Lady Death (the all-ages version from "A Medieval Tale" published at CrossGen)


title: Lady Death

text: The movie begins in 15th century Sweden, where Hope, the beautiful daughter of Matthias, a skilled mercenary who is in actuality a demon, is accused of being the devil's consort. Sentenced by the town priest to be burned at the stake, Matthias, through his proxy, the jester Pagan, offers her life if she surrenders herself to him and joins him in Hell. Matthias's plan to corrupt her is met with unanticipated resistance, as Hope rejects his scheme and eventually finds herself transformed into the powerful warrior Lady Death, who challenges Lucifer for control of Hell itself.


title: Lady Death

text: Many of the events from the comics are altered in the animated film. Instead of summoning a demon with whom she bargains for her life, Hope's spell summons a pair of flying demons that carry her physically to Hell (restoring her badly burned body in the process), dropping her in the court of her father, who intends for her to join him by his side. When she refuses, he casts her out, only for her to side with the master blacksmith Cremator, an escaped slave of his, and to lead an army of hellspawn creatures against him. In this continuity, her curse is to be trapped in Hell for as long as one of Lucifer's allies remains alive. Unlike in the comic, Lady Death is presented as more of a heroine whose goal isn't to destroy all life on Earth, but to liberate Hell from Lucifer's tyranny.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Followers of Sikhism do not have a preference for meat or vegetarian consumption. There are two views on initiated or "Amritdhari Sikhs" and meat consumption. "Amritdhari" Sikhs (i.e. those that follow the Sikh Rehat Maryada - the Official Sikh Code of Conduct) can eat meat (provided it is not Kutha meat)."Amritdharis" that belong to some Sikh sects (e.g. Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Damdami Taksal, Namdhari) are vehemently against the consumption of meat and eggs.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: The Sikh Gurus have indicated their preference for a simple diet, which could include meat or be vegetarian. Guru Nanak said that overconsumption of food i.e. Lobh (Greed) involves a drain on the Earth's resources and thus on life. In the case of meat, passages from the Guru Granth Sahib (the holy book of Sikhs, also known as the Adi Granth) say that fools argue over this issue. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, prohibited the Sikhs from the consumption of Kutha (any ritually slaughtered) meat because of the Sikh belief that sacrificing an animal in the name of God is mere ritualism (something to be avoided).


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: In Sikhism, only lacto-vegetarian food is served in the Gurdwara (Sikh temple) but Sikhs aren't bound to be meat-free. The general consensus is that Sikhs are free to choose whether to adopt a meat diet or not.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: The Akal Takht (Central Body for Sikh Temporal Affairs) represents the final authority on controversial issues concerning the Sikh Panth (community or collective). The Hukamnama (edict or clarification), issued by Akal Takht Jathedar (head priest or head caretaker) Sadhu Singh Bhaura dated February 15, 1980, states that eating meat does not go against the code of conduct (Kurehit) of the Sikhs; Amritdhari Sikhs can eat meat as long as it is Jhatka meat.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Some religious sects of Sikhism—Damdami Taksal, Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Namdharis, Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha and the 3HO—believe that the Sikh diet should be meat-free. The reason for the disagreement with this ruling is that these sects had many Vaishnav converts to Sikhism who were staunchly vegetarian.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: The Akhand Kirtani Jatha dispute the meaning of the word "kutha", claiming it means all meat. However, in mainstream Sikhism this word has been accepted to mean that which has been prepared according to Muslim rituals.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, the "Guru Granth Sahib" on page 472 and Guru Nanak in early 16th century said that "avoidance of flesh as food was impractical and impossible so long as they used water, since water was the source of all life and the first life principle". Guru Nanak states that all living beings are connected. Even meat comes from the consumption of vegetables, and all forms of life are based on water.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Within the gurdwara, the Guru ka Langar (Guru's community kitchen) serves purely lacto-vegetarian food because the Langar is open to all. Since people of many faiths with varying dietary taboos, and since Sikhs accept these restrictions and accommodate people regardless of their faith or culture, the Sikh Gurus adopt vegetarian food for Langar. Meat was included in langar at the time of Guru Angad, but was discontinued to accommodate Vashnavites.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Sikhism argues that the soul can possibly undergo millions of transformations as various forms of life before ultimately becoming human. These life forms could be a mineral, vegetation, or an animal. Sikhism does not see a difference between these types of existence, however the human has a privileged position compared to other life forms. In terms of the Sikh view of karma, human life is seen as being most precious, and animal, vegetable, and mineral all viewed as being equally below human life. Therefore, Sikhs view eating an animal is the same as eating a plant or mineral.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: According to the Sikh code of conduct or Rehat Maryada, Sikhs are free to choose whether or not to include meat in their diet.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: The "Rehat Maryada" states that Sikhs are bound to avoid meat that is killed in a ritualistic manner such as Halal (Muslim), Kosher (Jewish) or Bali (Hindu).


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: I. J. Singh states that throughout Sikh history, there have been many subsects of Sikhism that have espoused vegetarianism. However, this was rejected by the Sikh Gurus. Sikhs consider that vegetarianism and meat-eating are unimportant in the realm of Sikh spirituality. Surinder Singh Kohli links vegetarianism to Vashnavite behaviour. Gopal Singh, commenting on meat being served in the langar during the time of Guru Angad Gyani Sher Singh—who was the head priest at the Darbar Sahib—notes that ahimsa does not fit in with Sikh doctrine. W. Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi comment that if the Sikh Gurus had made an issue on vegetarianism, it would have distracted from the main emphasis of Sikh spirituality. H. S. Singha and Satwant Kaur comment on how ritually-slaughtered meat is considered a sin for initiated Sikhs. G. S. Sidhu also notes that ritually-slaughtered meat is taboo for a Sikh. Gurbakhsh Singh comments on how non-Kutha meat is acceptable for the Sikhs. Surinder Singh Kohli comments on the "fools wrangle over flesh" quotation from the Guru Granth Sahib by noting how Guru Nanak mocked hypocritical vegetarian priests. Gobind Singh Mansukhani states how vegetarianism and meat-eating has been left to the individual Sikh. Devinder Singh Chahal comments on the difficulties of distinguishing between plant and animal in Sikh philosophy. H. S. Singha comments in his book how the Sikh Gurus ate meat. Khushwant Singh also notes that most Sikhs are meat-eaters and decry vegetarians as daal khorey (lentil-eaters).


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: There are a number of eyewitness accounts from European travelers as to the eating habits of Sikhs. According to William Francklin in his writing about Mr George Thomas 1805: "They are not prohibited the use of Animal food of any kind, excepting Beef, which they are rigidly scrupulous in abstaining from."


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: According to Dabistan e Mazhib (a contemporary Persian chronology of the Sikh Gurus), Guru Nanak did not eat meat, and Guru Arjan thought that meat eating was not in accordance with Nanak's wishes. This differs from I. J. Singh's research that states that Guru Nanak ate meat on the way to Kurukshetra. According to Persian records, Guru Hargobind (the 6th Guru) ate meat and hunted, and his practice was adopted by most Sikhs.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Sikhs also generally avoid eating beef because the cow, the buffalo and the ox are an integral part of rural Sikh livelihoods. Similarly, they avoid eating pork when they are in the company of Muslims. However, there is no religious prohibition about eating beef and pork.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Some Sikh groups like Akhand Kirtani Jatha keep Sarbloh Bibek. Sikhs who follow this practice eat from iron bowls and iron plates only.


title: Diet in Sikhism

text: Another key aspect to maintaining Sarbloh Bibek is that Sikhs must only eat food prepared by other Amritdhari (baptized) Sikhs. Amritdhari Sikhs are also not to eat Jootha food (previously eaten food) from non-Amritdharis.


title: Space Chimps

text: Space Chimps is a 2008 computer-animated science fiction comedy film directed by Kirk DeMicco in his directional debut, and written by DeMicco and Rob Moreland. It features the voices of Andy Samberg, Cheryl Hines, Jeff Daniels, Patrick Warburton, Kristin Chenoweth, Kenan Thompson, Zack Shada, Carlos Alazraqui, Omid Abtahi, Patrick Breen, Jane Lynch, Kath Soucie, and Stanley Tucci.


title: Space Chimps

text: The film follows three chimpanzees who go into space to an alien planet. 20th Century Fox theatrically released the film on July 18, 2008, and was panned by critics. The film grossed $64.8 million on a $37 million budget. It received an Artios Award nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Animation Feature. A video game based on the film was also released in July 2008.


title: Space Chimps

text: In outer space, an unmanned, intelligent life-searching NASA space probe, "Infinity", is dragged into an intergalactic wormhole and crash-lands on the other side of the galaxy. It lands on the Earth-like alien planet named Malgor, populated by colorful alien beings. Zartog (Jeff Daniels), an evil-minded inhabitant, accidentally discovers how to take manual control of the onboard machinery and uses it to enslave the population. Faced with the possible extinction of "Infinity" and their budget, the scientists hire multiple chimpanzees as astronauts to regain contact with the probe and retrieve it: technical genius Comet (Zack Shada), lieutenant Luna (Cheryl Hines) and commander Titan (Patrick Warburton). For media attention, the Senator (Stanley Tucci) adds to the team Ham III (Andy Samberg), grandson of Ham, the first chimpanzee in space, who works as a cannonball at a circus. Ham III is uninterested in the mission, but he (along with the other space chimps (except Comet)) is launched into space despite his best efforts to escape the scientist's training facility.


title: Space Chimps

text: Ham, Luna and Titan enter the wormhole, where the latter two pass out from the pressure, leaving Ham with the task of getting the ship out and landing it. The ship and Titan are taken by Zartog's henchmen, and Titan teaches Zartog about the probe's features. Ham and Luna journey to Zartog's palace. Ham reveals that he believes Space Chimps is a joke in which makes Luna angry at him. They receiving guidance from inhabitant Kilowatt (Kristin Chenoweth). They go into a valley of the aliens' food where they meet some globhoppers, and then they go into the cave of the Flesh-Devouring Beast where Kilowatt sacrifices themselves by getting eaten by the monster so Ham and Luna bypass it, They then go inside the Dark Cloud of Id in which they fall out of. Once at the palace, they rescue Titan and plan to leave. However, Ham, Luna and Titan alter their course of action after noticing Zartog torturing the inhabitants who are being frozen in a pool of freznar, feeling they owe it to Kilowatt to rescue the planet.


title: Space Chimps

text: Zartog then attacks the chimpanzees with the probe. Just as they are about to get destroyed, Titan tricks Zartog into what he thought could have him dominate the universe, triggering an ejection mechanism in the probe, which in turn leads to his defeat by falling into the freznar. The chimps then discover that Kilowatt has survived, and they make contact with Comet and Houston (Carlos Alazraqui), a friend of Ham's grandfather, back on Earth through a walkie-talkie. Since the ship they boarded is not on Malgor as the chimpanzees jumped out during its launch, Comet, Luna, and Titan use a different method to exit the planet. They redesign the probe, with help from the planet's inhabitants, and use an erupting volcano to thrust it off the planet's gravity.


title: Space Chimps

text: The chimpanzees go into space, and just as they are about to re-enter the wormhole, Titan hands the controls over to Ham, the one who can withstand the pressure and thus pilot the ship. Ham, although initially skeptical, is motivated by a mental conversation with his grandfather's spirit; he maneuvers the ship back to Earth and lands it with Luna's help, and the Senator, under pressure from the press, decides to dramatically increase the space program's funding. The scientists celebrate the chimpanzee' return.


title: Space Chimps

text: In 2002, Kirk DeMicco conceived a film premise of anthropomorphic chimpanzees on a spaceship from viewing "The Right Stuff" (1983), a fictional depiction of the Mercury Seven program. It included the line, "Does a monkey know he's sitting on top of a rocket that might explode?" which made him wonder what happened if the monkey knew. Just after the lightbulb moment, he saw the famous space chimpanzee Ham on the cover of a 1961 issue of "Life" magazine; the chimpanzee's smug expression gave him the idea of a self-centered protagonist going on a dangerous space mission. Using the "Life" magazine issue with him, DeMicco pitched his ideas to John H. Williams, comparing the plot to that of "Tommy Boy" (1995). Williams was instantly hooked and began working with him from there. They later decided on "a great sci-fi adventure" for children that was also a mocking of science fiction media in the same way the "Shrek" films, which Williams also produced, parodied fairy tales. De Micco wanted the planet to have the vibe of the Mos Eisley cantina of the "Star Wars" series.


title: Space Chimps

text: The project and its name, "Space Chimps", were first publicized in a "Variety" article on June 7, 2004, announcing it was next in Vanguard's production line after "Valiant" (2005). The film was produced in two years by Williams' Vanguard Animation studio with a team of around 170, a $37 million budget, and DeMicco as director. For the film, a new pipeline was created, as well as a studio constructed in Vancouver. Chris Bacon was chosen as composer, who was recommended to DeMicco by James Newton Howard. The limited budget meant creative choices had to be made for the music to sound interesting; according to DeMicco, beds were occasionally used alongside the orchestra, and the Blue Man Group played PVC pipes.


title: Space Chimps

text: On April 11, 2006, 20th Century Fox signed a deal with Vanguard minority owner IDT Entertainment to distribute four films, the second in line being "Space Chimps".


title: Space Chimps

text: "Space Chimps" was originally set to be released on May 2, 2008, but on December 19, 2007, the movie's release date was changed to July 18, 2008. This was mainly because of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.


title: Space Chimps

text: Rotten Tomatoes reported that 33% of professional critics gave positive reviews based on 92 reviews. The consensus states: ""Space Chimps" cheap animation and overabundance of monkey puns feels especially dated in a post "WALL-E" world." On Metacritic, the film holds a 36/100 based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Space Chimps

text: Roger Ebert gave a positive review of three stars and saying in his review that ""Space Chimps" is delightful from beginning to end." "The New York Times" said that "Space Chimps" was "hilarious". Lael Loewenstein of "Variety" called it "fairly fatuous but enjoyably slim family entertainment".


title: Space Chimps

text: The film has grossed $30.1 million in the United States, and $34.7 million in other countries, totalling $64.8 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on August 1, 2008, and opened on #7, grossing £563,543.


title: Space Chimps

text: On its opening weekend, "Space Chimps" was number seven with a gross of $7.1 million in 2,511 theatres, with an $2,860 average; it was a poor opening for the film, debuting on (at the time) the highest-grossing box office weekend ever in the United States.


title: Space Chimps

text: A video game based on the film was released in July 2008, published by Brash Entertainment and developed by Redtribe, Wicked Witch Software and WayForward Technologies.


title: Space Chimps

text: The sequel was released in May 2010 to cinemas in the United Kingdom, and premiered direct to video in October 2010 in the United States. It was universally panned by critics, and grossed just over $4 million during its theatrical run.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The Harvard Lampoon is an undergraduate humor publication founded in 1876 by seven undergraduates at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Harvard Lampoon" publication was founded in 1876 by seven undergraduates at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts who were inspired by popular magazines like "Punch" (1841) and "Puck" (1871). "The Harvard Lampoon" is the world's third longest-running continually published humor magazine, after the Swedish "" (1863) and the Swiss "Nebelspalter" (1875).


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The organization also produces occasional humor books (the best known being the 1969 J. R. R. Tolkien parody "Bored of the Rings") and parodies of national magazines such as "Entertainment Weekly" and "Sports Illustrated". Much of the organization's capital is provided by the licensing of the "Lampoon" name to "National Lampoon", begun by "Harvard Lampoon" graduates in 1970.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Lampoon" publishes five issues annually. In 2006, the "Lampoon" began regularly releasing content on its website, including pieces from the magazine and web-only content. In 2009, the "Lampoon" published a parody of "Twilight" called "Nightlight", which is a "New York Times" bestseller. In February 2012, the "Lampoon" released a parody of "The Hunger Games" called "The Hunger Pains", also a "New York Times" bestseller.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Lampoon" is housed a few blocks from Harvard Square in a mock-Flemish castle, the Harvard Lampoon Building. It has been ranked by the magazine "Complex" as the fifth most phallic building in the world.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Harvard Lampoon" was first published in 1876 by seven founders including Ralph Wormeley Curtis, Edward Sandford Martin, Edmund March Wheelwright, and Arthur Murray Sherwood (father of Robert E. Sherwood). The first issue of the "Lampoon" was a single copy, nailed to a tree in Harvard Yard. In its earliest years the magazine focused primarily on the satirization of Harvard and Boston Brahmin society. As the "Lampoon" began to gain notoriety on campus, the society moved from offices in Hollis Hall to addresses on Holyoke and Plympton streets respectively. These collections of rooms rented by the trustees of the "Lampoon" were famous not only for their beer nights, but also with the regularity that the "Lampoon" spent the profits made on each magazine for these beer nights. "It was a good night when the Lampoon could afford coal and beer, and they often had to choose between one or the other." Pranks abounded in the early years, some more destructive than others. William Randolph Hearst was expelled from Harvard after sending a pudding pot used as a chamber pot to a professor.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: A "Lampoon" graduate from 1887, Archibald Cary Coolidge, professor of architecture at Harvard College, was chosen as the architect of Randolph Hall, one of the college's newest dormitories. Legend has it that when designing Randolph, Coolidge purposefully made the dormitory recessed further back from Mt. Auburn Street than was at first designed, purchasing for himself the land the Castle now stands on. The commission to design the castle was given to Edmund M. Wheelwright, then city architect of Boston.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Lampoon" and its sensibility began to branch out away from the Harvard campus in the early 1960s, and soon became an especially important expression and feeder system of American humor and comedy since that time. In 1961, "Mademoiselle" offered the "Lampoon" staff an honorarium to produce a parody of their own magazine for the traditionally lower-selling July issue. The project boosted "Mademoiselle"'s summer circulation along with the "Lampoon"s ever tenuous cash flow, and the magazine renewed its association with the "Lampoon" for a follow-up parody in July 1962, and a third parody issue (of "Esquire") in July 1963. The magazine also produced a 70-page spoof of Ian Fleming's "James Bond" novels in 1962 titled "Alligator," which was subsequently released by Random House. These projects proved popular, and led to full, nationally-distributed parodies of "Playboy" (1966), "Time" (1968), and "Life" (1969), and later, "Cosmopolitan" in 1972 and "Sports Illustrated" (1974).


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: An important line of demarcation came when "Lampoon" editors and "National Lampoon" co-founders Douglas Kenney and Henry Beard wrote the Tolkien parody "Bored of the Rings". The success of this book and the attention it brought its authors led directly to the creation of the "National Lampoon" magazine. This in turn spun off a live show "Lemmings", and then a radio show in the early 1970s, "The National Lampoon Radio Hour", which featured such performers as Christopher Guest, Harry Shearer and Chevy Chase.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: Writers from these shows were subsequently hired to help create "Saturday Night Live." This was the first in a line of many TV shows that "Lampoon" graduates went on to write for, including "The Simpsons", "Futurama", "Late Night with David Letterman", "Seinfeld", "Friends", "The League", "NewsRadio", "The Office", "30 Rock", "Parks and Recreation" and dozens of others. An old copy of the magazine was shown in the fourth-season finale of "NewsRadio", and referred to as the "nefarious scandal sheet."


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: Lampoon alumni include such comedians as Conan O'Brien, Andy Borowitz, B. J. Novak, Greg Daniels, Michael Schur, Christopher Cerf (Sesame Street), and Colin Jost. Etan Cohen wrote for "Beavis and Butt-Head" as an undergraduate member. In 1986 former editor Kurt Andersen co-founded the satirical magazine "Spy", which employed "Lampoon" writers Paul Simms and Eric Kaplan, and published the work of "Lampoon" alumni Patricia Marx, Lawrence O'Donnell and Mark O'Donnell. The "Lampoon" has also graduated many noted authors such as George Plimpton, George Santayana, John Updike, and William Gaddis. Actor Fred Gwynne was a cartoonist and president of the "Lampoon". Famous Boston lawyer Bradley Palmer acted as treasurer for the "Lampoon".


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: Celebrities often visit the "Lampoon" to be inducted as honorary members of the organization. Honorary members include Aerosmith, Winston Churchill, John Cleese, Bill Cosby, Billy Crystal, Tony Hawk, Hugh Hefner, Kesha, Jay Leno, Elon Musk, Ezra Pound, Adam Sandler, the cast of "Saturday Night Live", Sarah Silverman, Tracey Ullman, Kurt Vonnegut, John Wayne and Robin Williams.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Lampoon" has a long-standing rivalry with Harvard's student newspaper, "The Harvard Crimson", which repeatedly refers to the "Lampoon" in its pages as a "semi-secret Sorrento Square social organization which used to occasionally publish a so-called humor magazine".


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: The "Lampoon"–"Crimson" rivalry was furthered by the "Crimson's" 1953 theft of the Lampoon Castle's ibis statue and presentation of it as a gift to the government of the Soviet Union.


title: The Harvard Lampoon

text: On September 27, 2011, the "Lampoon" stole the "Harvard Crimson" President's Chair, and had it used as a prop on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon". On June 2, 2015, the "Lampoon" again stole the "Harvard Crimson" President's Chair; this time, pretending that it was the "Harvard Crimson"s editorial staff, they took the chair to Trump Tower to fake endorsement for later-president Donald Trump.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Nayak: The Real Hero () is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language political action film directed by S. Shankar and produced by A. M. Rathnam under the Sri Surya Movies banner. The film stars Anil Kapoor, with Rani Mukerji, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal, and Johnny Lever playing supporting roles. A remake of Shankar's 1999 Tamil-language film "Mudhalvan", it focuses on Shivaji Rao Gaekwad (Kapoor), a television cameraman and, later, television presenter, who accidentally hears and records the conversation between the police with the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Balraj Chauhan (Puri) to take an indifferent stand during riots triggered by a fight between college students and a bus driver. While interviewing Chauhan about the issues, Shivaji is challenged to take over his job for a day.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: "Nayak" was announced in June 2000 and marked the first Hindi-language directorial venture of Shankar. The soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics that were written by Anand Bakshi. Filming was done by K. V. Anand, taking place in more than 100 locations across India. The film was released on 7 September 2001. A commercial failure, it grossed at the box office against the total production and marketing cost of . It was opened to mixed reviews from critics, some of whom applauded the storyline, the performances(particularly Kapoor, Puri and Rawal), Shankar's direction and the movie's themes and social message but criticised its lengthy duration, editing, pace and special effects. Through repeated television airings, Nayak has since become a cult classic.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Shivaji Rao Gaekwad is an ambitious television cameraman, working for QTV along with his friend Topi. While on his job, Rao is assigned to record riots triggered by a fight between college students and a bus driver and accidentally records a conversation in which the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Balraj Chauhan takes an indifferent stand, so as not to lose his voter base. In the riots, Shivaji saves the life of one of the college students there, and it is recorded by Topi. Because of his actions, Shivaji is promoted as the senior television presenter.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Meanwhile, due to police inaction, there is loss of life and damage to property. Explaining his actions, Chauhan later agrees to do a live interview with Shivaji, during which Rao raises these issues and broadcasts the conversation he has recorded. In response to Shivaji's allegations about the mismanagement by his government, Balraj redirects the question by saying that his job is not easy. He challenges Shivaji to be the Chief Minister for a day to experience those problems himself. Shivaji reluctantly accepts the challenge.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Assisted by Bansal, Shivaji handles issues that affect the populace every day. He manages appropriate housing and employment for the needy, and he suspends inefficient and corrupt government officials. As the last act of the day, Rao has Chauhan arrested, as the latter is the root cause of all the corruption. Later, Chauhan posts bail and leaves jail, then passes an ordinance to nullify all orders passed by Shivaji. Insulted by Shivaji's success as well, Chauhan sends assassins after him, but they only destroy his house.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Shivaji falls in love with Manjari, a naïve, carefree villager whom he met when he was a cameraman. He asks her father to marry her, but her father refuses on grounds that Shivaji is not employed by the government. As a result, Shivaji begins preparing for the Civil Services Examination. However, Bansal arrives and informs Rao that Shivaji's popularity has skyrocketed and that people want him to become the next Chief Minister. He is reluctant at first, but when Chauhan's henchmen vandalise QTV premises to intimidate him, and the people show their support by thronging to his place in huge numbers, he agrees to do so.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: In the ensuing state elections, Shivaji wins by a vast majority. Chauhan's political allies desert him, causing his defeat. Manjari's father, angered by Shivaji's decision because he believes that it will make Shivaji careless of Manjari, refuses to let his daughter marry him. On becoming the Chief Minister, Shivaji effects many improvements and quickly becomes an idol in the people's eyes. However, his growing popularity is threatened continuously by Chauhan who uses his henchmen to try to kill him or tarnish his image as a public hero. After a failed attempt on Shivaji's life by hiring an assassin, a bomb is detonated at his home, killing his parents.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: In a final attempt, Chauhan orders Pandurang to cause bomb explosions in various parts of the city. Accidentally, a priest hears that a few men are planning to detonate bombs and notifies Shivaji's office via the "complaint box", which was created by Shivaji to collect letters from the public about their complaints. Pandurang is arrested and, under tactical inquiry by Shivaji and his secretary, discloses the location of the four bombs. A squad is able to defuse three bombs, but the fourth explodes—without injuring anyone—before they could reach it.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Chauhan uses this success against Shivaji by blaming him for the bomb. Seeing no way out, Shivaji summons Chauhan to the secretariat and creates a situation such that it would seem as if Chauhan was there to shoot Shivaji but failed. To do so, Shivaji takes up a gun, points it to his arm, shoots himself on purpose, and then hands over the gun to Chauhan. The enraged Chauhan attempts to shoot Shivaji, but his shot misses. The security guards shoot down Chauhan and kill him. Apart from that, Manjari's father also comes to realise that Shivaji is a great man who sees duty before everything else and allows Manjari to marry him. The film ends with the state developing under the governance of Shivaji.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: "Nayak: The Real Hero" serves as a remake of S. Shankar's 1999 Tamil-language film "Mudhalvan", and was the director's first venture in Bollywood. The debut, announced in June 2000, was produced by A. M. Rathnam under the banner of Sri Surya Movies (his second Hindi film after that of "Tejasvini", released in 1994), and addressed the issue of corruption in India. According to Shankar, he was motivated to remake "Mudhalvan" in Hindi because of its subject and did several changes to the original story. In an interview with "Filmfare" in August 2001, he said that he believed that the topic is well known among Indian people. Anurag Kashyap wrote the dialogue.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: The role of Shivaji was originally going to be played by Aamir Khan, but Shankar did not cast him, explaining, "... the two of us faced a huge communication gap. His views about ["Mudhalvan"] didn't match mine." The next actor suggested was Shah Rukh Khan. However, he did not want to play the role after portraying a television presenter in his home production, "Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani" (2000). Shankar's final choice was Anil Kapoor, although he was initially reluctant to choose him for the part but changed his mind after finding him more suitable than the previous actors, noting his discipline. When asked by the "Deccan Herald" about his character as well as his experience during the production of the film, Kapoor said that it was one of his career's finest roles and called it an honour to work with Shankar. To prepare for the role, Kapoor underwent physical training for six or seven months, and watched many talk shows hosted by Larry King, Prannoy Roy, Rajat Sharma, and Karan Thapar—later adopting their way of speaking. Nayak's character name was Rajinikanth's real life name—Shivaji Rao Gaekwad—because Shankar made the script for "Mudhalvan" with Rajinikanth in his mind.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Shankar chose Rani Mukerji to fulfill the part of Manjari, a village girl who becomes the love interest of Kapoor's character. He cast Mukerji over Manisha Koirala, who played the role in the original version, as he thought that Mukerji has the bubbly image he needed for the character. Playing the type of role for the first time, the actress admitted that she saw resemblances between Manjari and herself, noting their vibrant along with uninhibited character, and described her collaboration with Kapoor as a "growing-up experience". Talking to a journalist from Rediff.com, Mukerji revealed that she immediately agreed to star in the film after hearing the story from Kapoor, which she felt was "mindblowing". Shankar wanted her to portray the role in her own way, not copying what Koirala had done before. Ahmed Khan and Sushmita Sen made special appearances in the film.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Principal photography was handled by K. V. Anand and took place in more than 100 locations in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan, and Himachal Pradesh. Thota Tharani served as the art director, while H. Sridhar was the sound designer. A 22-day schedule in Mumbai, Pune, and the cities in Tamil Nadu was started on 18 November 2000. To shoot the song "Shakalaka Baby", Anand travelled to the United States to meet the filmmaker Spike Lee and asked for his help. It was simultaneously shot with 34 cameras bought from the German manufacturer Arri with a speed of 100 FPS, instead of 24, and made the film over-budgeted; consequently, Anand spoke of his regret to do the idea. After filming ended, "Nayak" was edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: The soundtrack for the film was composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics from Anand Bakshi. The vocals were performed by Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Vasundhara Das, Shiraz Uppal, Pravin Mani, Shankar Mahadevan, Alka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan, Hans Raj Hans, Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Sanjeevani, and Hariharan. The soundtrack album was released at a special ceremony at the Hotel Regent in Mumbai under the label of T-Series, which bought the rights for . The album did not perform well commercially and, according to the film-trade website Box Office India, only 1.4 million units were sold.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Critically, the album was met with a poor reception from reviewers as well. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com concluded that it was "quite a letdown" and "fails miserably", saying that she had expected more from Rahman. In an article for "The Hindu", Savitha Gautham found the album has the same composition to that from "Mudhalvan", but the lyrics are different. She noted that the songs have strong South Indian flavours, especially in "Saiyyan". Gautham declared "Shakalaka Baby" as the best song of the album, believing that it would be popular among Indian youth. Planet Bollywood's Avinash Ramchandani presumed Rahman's composition made the film "comes out to be a winner" and increased the audience's enthusiasm to Kapoor's and Mukerji's chemistry.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Originally scheduled for release on 15 August 2001, "Nayak" premiered at theatres on 7 September and failed to attract a large enough audience. Made on a production and marketing cost of , the film opened on 280 screens across India and grossed on its first day. It collected after a week, and following its theatrical run in India. Abroad, the film also did not perform well and only had a total gross of $530,000. Summing the film's revenues from India and overseas, Box Office India estimated "Nayak" earned . The film was released on DVD in the PAL widescreen format. Since 6 September 2019, the film is available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video.


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: Critics gave mixed reviews to "Nayak", praising the performances of Kapoor and Puri from the first-half but panning the special effects, which they attributed to the film's commercial failure. Rediff.com's Sarita Tanwar wrote, "A fairly interesting plot, a commendable performance from the leading artiste, lavish production values and terrific pieces of action, "Nayak: The Real Hero" has all the ingredients that make a commercially viable film." Taran Adarsh from the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama gave the film one star, calling its second-half "weak". However, he took note of the "superb" dialogue of the film, mostly that are said by Paresh Rawal's character, while deemed Johnny Lever's comedic scenes were "flat". Moreover, Adarsh said that Mukerji was given with a role that did not give her screen time to talk and Pooja Batra's role was better than hers. Saibal Chatterjee of the "Hindustan Times", giving the same rating, described the film as "a patchwork that's neither pretty nor useful". Ziya Us Salam claimed that Kapoor portrayed his part with "easy professionalism".


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: The critic and trade analyst Komal Nahta opined that it did not "have enough entertainment value", suggesting that the film's lengthy duration could be cut for ten minutes. Kapoor's performance got appreciation from Nahta, who thought he was "splendid", otherwise Nahta hoped that Shankar's direction "could have been much better. His inept handling becomes conspicuous as unrealistic and unbelievable things happen in this serious issue-based drama." Writing for NDTV, Parul Batra saw that Mukerji was wasted in her brief role although applauding her costumes. He agreed with Nahta about the duration problem, saying that it left him "disappointed". Dinesh Raheja felt that the "spirited" performance of Kapoor was the highlight of the film, and Devesh Sharma, in a review carried by "Screen", observed of him, "Anil Kapoor once again proves his brilliance as an actor with this movie [...] he verily gets under the skin of his character and executes a faultless performance. His frustrations, his angst and his heart-rendering lamentations on seeing his parents blown away find answering echoes in the heart of every cinegoer."


title: Nayak: The Real Hero

text: In September 2013, the media reported that Kapoor has signed to star in a sequel to "Nayak", titled "Nayak Returns", and Tabu will be his co-star. The project will have a different subject, but he has said that he will reprise his role. The sequel was officially announced later by Eros International in January 2017, with V. Vijayendra Prasad chosen to write the screenplay and the principal photography starting the same year.


title: Boilersuit

text: A boilersuit (or boiler suit), also known as coveralls, is a loose fitting garment covering the whole body except for the head, hands and feet.


title: Boilersuit

text: The term "boilersuit" is most common in the UK, where the 1989 edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" lists the word as having been first used on 28 October 1928 in the "Sunday Express" newspaper. The garments are typically known as "coveralls" in North America, while "overall(s)" is used elsewhere. In North America "overall" is more usually understood as a bib-and-brace overall, which is a type of trousers with attached suspenders.


title: Boilersuit

text: A more tight-fitting garment that is otherwise similar to a boilersuit is usually called a jumpsuit. The "siren suit" favoured by Winston Churchill (but also worn by many others in the UK when air raids were a threat) during the Second World War was closely similar to a boilersuit.


title: Boilersuit

text: A boilersuit is a one-piece garment with full-length sleeves and legs like a jumpsuit, but usually less tight-fitting. Its main feature is that it has no gap between jacket and trousers or between lapels, and no loose jacket tails. It often has a long thin pocket down the outside of the right thigh to hold long tools. It usually has a front fastening extending the whole length of the front of the body up to the throat, with no lapels. It may be fastened with buttons, a zip, velcro, or snap fasteners. Boilersuits with an attached hood are available. The word "boilersuit" may also refer to disposable garments such as DuPont's Tyvek suits.


title: Boilersuit

text: Coveralls are most often worn as protective clothing over "street" clothes at work. They can be used for painting and decorating, mechanical work, farming, factory work, and other activities where clothes may become soiled. Many companies provide workers with corporate branded boilersuits for identification and marketing.


title: Boilersuit

text: SWAT units often use boilersuits as a uniform, for instance the French police unit Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité, and the Austrian units EKO Cobra and WEGA. Similar coveralls made of Nomex in olive drab (and more recently, desert tan) are also used by the crews of armoured fighting vehicles in the US Army and Marine Corps, where the men and also their suits are sometimes called "CVCs", an abbreviation of "Combat Vehicle Crewman".


title: Boilersuit

text: More form fitting coveralls with many zippered pockets, originally made of cotton treated for flame resistance, but made of Nomex since the late 1960s, have been used as flight suits since the beginning of World War II. There are two main categories for coveralls: cloth and disposable.


title: Boilersuit

text: Both cloth and disposable coveralls are manufactured with their own unique protective properties including: high-visibility, insulation to protect against cold weather, waterproof, flame resistant to protect against fire, arc resistant to protect against flash fires, and even microporous fabrics when exposed to hazardous chemicals.


title: Boilersuit

text: Coveralls called student boilersuits are used by university students in some Nordic countries as a sort of party-uniform, with insignia on the back and colour varying with programme and university.


title: Boilersuit

text: The suit is associated with the slasher subgenre, being worn by Michael Myers of the "Halloween" films.


title: Boilersuit

text: Pete Townshend of The Who frequently wore a white boiler suit during performances and in publicity photographs from 1969-71.


title: Boilersuit

text: The Church of Scientology has punished Sea Org members in the Rehabilitation Project Force by making them wear black boiler suits.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: Roderick Anthony Burton II (November 25, 1987 - May 18, 2009) better known by his stage name Dolla, was an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. Burton embarked on his music career in 2003, with hip hop group Da Razkalz Cru, under the pseudonym Bucklyte. The group quickly disbanded, and Burton went on to work as a model for the Sean John clothing line. In 2007, Burton signed to Akon's Konvict Muzik label. Burton released three singles from 2007 to 2009. The first, his commercial debut single "Who the Fuck Is That?", featuring T-Pain and Tay Dizm, charted on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: On May 18, 2009, Burton was shot and killed at the valet stand of the Beverly Center shopping mall in Los Angeles, and Aubrey Berry was arrested for attempted murder. Berry was acquitted on all charges. No other suspect has been identified and the crime remains unsolved.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: Burton was born in Chicago, Illinois on November 25, 1987 and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. Burton had a twin brother who died at birth. When Burton was five, he and his sister witnessed their father commit suicide by shooting himself. He formed a rap group, Da Razkalz Cru, going by the name Bucklyte with Scrapp Deleon then known as Scrappy and SAS. They would later make up The Gang with a rapper named Streetz. They signed with Elektra Records in 2003 and released the single "So Fly". "So Fly" did not bring the success that was desired and the group was dropped from the label soon after. That same year, he met Akon and P. Diddy, the latter of whom hired Burton as a model for his Sean John line of clothes; Burton appeared on billboards for the clothing line and modeled across the United States. Under the stage name Dolla, Burton signed to Akon's Konvict Muzik label in May 2007. His song "Feelin' Myself" was featured on the "Step Up (Original Soundtrack)" in 2006 and was a "bite" of the Mac Dre song of the same name.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: He made his debut with the single "Who the Fuck Is That?", which was his highest chart appearance, reaching #82 on the Billboard Hot 100; the edited version substituted the profanity with "heck". He followed his debut single up with a second promo single "I'm Fucked Up" in the summer of 2008, also an edited version was released using the substitution of the word "tore" replacing "fucked". A third single, entitled "Make a Toast", featuring Julian and produced by General G(Leesburg/Mo'Money Ent.), was then officially released on November 4, 2008. It has peaked at #101 on the "Billboard" R&B chart. The song "Make a Toast" was released again with the feature of Lil Wayne.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: After recording a song called So Fly with fellow rapper, T.I., a video was released on YouTube with the artists together a week before his death.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: Burton flew to Los Angeles to record the rest of his debut album, and he was shot on May 18, 2009, at approximately 3:10 pm by 23-year-old Aubrey Louis Berry. Burton was with Scrapp Deleon and friend DJ Shabbazz when the incident occurred. He was pronounced dead at the hospital. Later that evening, an armed Berry was detained at the Los Angeles International Airport. Witnesses say he surrendered without a struggle. His bail was set at $5 million. Bail was subsequently lowered to $1 million by Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Terry Bork in late May.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: On May 21, Berry was charged with murder and assault, although he pled not guilty. It was mentioned that Burton had ties to a West Los Angeles street gang known as the Mansfield Gangster Crips. As the murder trial wrapped up prior to jury deliberation, the defendant's attorney, Howard Price, made much of Burton's gangsta rap lyrics and videos with gang members to present the victim as a violent gang member and thug who attacked his client. Prosecutors countered that Burton's gang ties are irrelevant and that his music is simply entertainment and part of a culture where violence sells records. On May 21, 2010, a jury acquitted Berry of first degree murder and all other charges, including assault with a firearm.


title: Dolla (rapper)

text: Burton's funeral was held May 23 in the Word of Faith Love Center in the East Point neighborhood of Atlanta. The funeral was held in a Muslim style, known as Janazah. He was buried in Atlanta's Westview Cemetery. Singer T-Pain paid homage to the late rapper by having a mural of Burton painted on the hood of his vintage car. Additionally, a YouTube video using unreleased Dolla song "Georgia Nights" has been made as a tribute to him. Jay Rock sent his prayers and condolences to Burton's family and stated that these kinds of acts have to stop. Rapper Tyga produced a song called "R.I.P Dolla" on his mixtape "The Potential". Throughout the following week after his death, Adult Swim opened up a bumper, saying "Dolla [1987-2009]".


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: A Walk on the Moon is a 1999 drama film starring Diane Lane, Viggo Mortensen, Liev Schreiber and Anna Paquin. The film, which was set against the backdrop of the Woodstock festival of 1969 and the United States's Moon landing of that year, was distributed by Miramax Films. Directed by Tony Goldwyn in his directorial debut, the fim was acclaimed on release. Diane Lane earned an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead for her performance.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Pearl Kantrowitz and her husband Marty are a lower middle class Jewish couple in New York City. For the summer of 1969, the couple go on their annual vacation at Dr. Fogler's Bungalows in the Catskills with their family, which includes teenage daughter Alison, young son Danny, and Marty's mother Lillian.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Marty, who works as a television repairman back in the city, can only visit his family at the camp on the weekends. Pearl, who got pregnant with Alison at the age of 17 and quickly married Marty, feels at a crossroads in her life. She meets Walker Jerome, a free-spirited salesman who goes from resort to resort selling clothes. With Marty absent, Pearl starts spending more time with Walker and they begin an affair.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Meanwhile, Alison undergoes her own summer of changes and experiences teenage rites of passage—her first period, her first date, and her first kiss with Ross Epstein, a boy at the camp.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: The impending Moon landing has kept Marty busy at his job, as customers are anxious to have their TV sets ready for the historic event. While the whole town celebrates Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon, Pearl and Walker have sex. Marty's mother Lillian learns of the affair and tries to persuade Pearl to break it off. But the affair continues when Marty cannot visit on the weekend because of the traffic jams caused by the huge Woodstock festival, which is taking place within walking distance of the bungalow colony.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Pearl goes to the festival with Walker. Alison goes to the festival as well with her friends, although her mother had explicitly forbidden her to do so. When Alison happens to see Pearl in the festival crowds carousing with Walker while on LSD, she becomes upset and leaves with Ross.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Marty learns of his wife's affair and confronts Pearl. Alison also confronts her mother in an emotional scene. Pearl is forced to deal with her love of her family and her conflicting yearning for marital freedom.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Pearl decides to stay with Marty and tells Walker she can’t go away with him. Walker says he understands. The final scene shows Pearl and Marty dancing together, first to Dean Martin's "When You're Smiling" and then to Jimi Hendrix's "Purple Haze", after Marty changes the radio station.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Playwright Pamela Gray, inspired by her own experiences vacationing with her family in a Catskills bungalow colony as a youth, first wrote the script in 1992. Gray said, "I remember sitting by the pool in Dr. Locker’s bungalow colony and watching the hippies walk by on the way to Woodstock. And it was this time warp. We’ve got women playing mah-jongg and canasta and the guys are playing pinochle. We are this little ‘50s enclave, and everything outside was in the 1960s." The script was originally titled "The Blouse Man" and won the national Samuel Goldwyn Writing Award.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Gray was unsuccessful in getting the script produced, as financiers told her the story was "too small, too soft, not universal, and too Jewish." Years later, actor Tony Goldwyn, the grandson of Samuel Goldwyn, came across the script by coincidence and was immediately drawn to the story's themes of midlife identity crises and coming-of-age against the backdrop of the 1960s counterculture. Said Goldwyn, <nowiki>"</nowiki>You suddenly see your life laid out in front of you. And you say, 'Is this the life I dreamed of having? Am I the person I wanted to become?' If the answer's no, that's a very scary moment. And sometimes what it takes to deal with that is very risky: it requires shattering the status quo."


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Goldwyn originally intended to only produce, but after not finding a director who shared his passion for the story, decided to direct the film himself.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: The film was shot in the Laurentian Mountains in eastern Canada over a period of 36 days in the summer of 1997. Liev Schreiber based his character Marty on his own grandfather.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: The soundtrack for the film was released March 23, 1999 through Sire Records. It contains sixteen tracks.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Before its release, the film secured distribution from Miramax. It was first shown at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival, where an enthusiastic reception convinced Miramax to release the film theatrically that spring.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: "A Walk on the Moon" went into limited release on March 26, 1999, and expanded nationwide through the month of April. Its worldwide box office total was $4,750,660.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: "A Walk on the Moon" received positive reviews among critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 72% based on 36 reviews. The site's consensus states: "An impressive showcase for Diane Lane and an assured debut from director Tony Goldwyn, "A Walk on the Moon" finds absorbing period drama within a family at a crossroads."


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Michael Wilmington of the "Chicago Tribune" wrote that the film "becomes something larger and deeper as we watch" and that the character of Allison is an obvious surrogate for screenwriter Pamela Gray. He added that what makes "A Walk in the Moon" interesting is its refusal to take sides or villainize any one person given that it "is about that old '60s polarity -- the hip and the square, the trapped and the free." Stephen Hunter of "The Washington Post" praised Diane Lane's "capacity to express the yearning that Pearl feels as authentically as the guilt she suffers." He also described Marty as a "schlumph". Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" wrote, "Even when it turns turbulent, the film sustains its warm summer glow, and makes itself a conversation piece about the moral issues it means to raise."


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Ty Burr of "Entertainment Weekly" gave a more mixed review and criticized the film's ending, but noted ""'A Walk on the Moon"' still nails the cultural crosscurrents of 1969 — the way that a woman who has been walking the straight and narrow for years could suddenly give in to all the freedom rushing by around her."


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Desson Howe, also of the "Washington Post", found the film "a little too perfect and symbolically signposted for its own good". Roger Ebert gave a mixed review but singled out Anna Paquin’s performance, saying her plot line “as a teenage girl struggling with new ideas and raging hormones” is the film’s most compelling story.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Readers of "Entertainment Weekly" ranked the film as #9 on the magazine's "50 Sexiest Movies Ever" poll in 2008.


title: A Walk on the Moon

text: Pamela Gray adapted her script into a stage musical, with music and lyrics by Paul Scott Goodman and AnnMarie Milazzo. The musical was first staged by the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco in June 2018. The musical was set to debut at the George Street Playhouse in New Jersey in 2020 but was delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions. The play ultimately opened on April 26, 2022 presented by the George Street Playhouse.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie Mac (born 18 July 1978), is an Irish DJ, broadcaster and writer. She hosted a variety of shows on BBC Radio 1, including BBC Switch and "Future Sounds". She also DJed in various locations, including hosting her AMP (Annie Mac Presents) Lost and Found venues in places like Ibiza.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie Mac was born in Dublin, Ireland on 18 July 1978. After attending Wesley College in Dublin, she studied English literature at Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland. Annie lives in Queen's Park, London. She has a son (born May 2013) with her husband DJ Toddla T. She gave birth to her second child on 6 January 2017. While she was on maternity leave her radio show was presented by MistaJam and then Mac returned to the station on 12 June 2017. Her brother, Davey Macmanus, was the lead singer and guitarist in bands the Crocketts and the Crimea. Annie left Radio 1 in July 2021 to spend more time with her husband Toddla T and her children. Her debut novel "Mother Mother" came out in May 2021.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie played gigs in Ireland at the start of her career. Her first BBC Radio 1 programme was broadcast on 29 July 2004. She had been a producer at BBC Radio 1 before this and was heard as a voice for jingles on the station at least as far back as February 2004.


title: Annie Mac

text: Her first live set with the station was at BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend in Dundee in May 2006 as part of the Essential Mix live broadcast. Annie remarked on air at the time how it was the first time they had trusted her to do a live mix.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie hosted programmes on BBC Radio 1. Her main programme, called "Radio 1's Future Sounds", aired from 18:00 to 20:00 on Mondays to Thursdays, playing mainly newly released dance-pop, hip-hop, rock and indie. Additionally, her Friday night dance-based show ("Radio 1’s Dance Party") is broadcast between 18:00 to 20:00. She previously hosted BBC Switch with close friend and fellow DJ Nick Grimshaw on Sunday evenings from 19:00 to 21:00 until 21 March 2010. After this date, they moved to 22:00 – midnight with a new show simply called Nick Grimshaw and Annie Mac.


title: Annie Mac

text: A popular feature is the Annie Mac Mini Mix, an opportunity to showcase various DJs' ability to produce a five-minute mix with other DJs. The Mini mix was also a feature of her previous show on a Thursday night. She was a regular stand-in for Zane Lowe's show before he left the station. In 2009 Annie won the Best Female award at the drum and bass awards for her contribution to the promotion of this genre of music.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie made regular appearances as a feature presenter on BBC Two's "The Culture Show", giving her opinions on the latest music offerings. She appeared on "Never Mind the Buzzcocks" in January 2006 and she co-presented "Top of the Pops" on 18 June 2006 with Reggie Yates and on 11 July 2006 with Rufus Hound in a T in the Park special. Annie has also filled in for Zane Lowe on his "Gonzo" show on MTV2. She regularly DJs b2b with Jonny Birchall and Will Phillips at clubs such as Moles Club, Ponana, Zero Zero, The Nest, Second Bridge Nightclub and Club XL all in Bath, Night Digital in Brighton and university venues such as Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge and Aston University. She has also appeared on ITV Comedy, FM, as herself.


title: Annie Mac

text: On 18 February 2007 BBC Radio 1 launched their first video podcast or vodcast. It featured Annie on a backstage tour around the Radio 1 buildings. This has since been stopped; however, there is now a podcast of the Mini Mix.


title: Annie Mac

text: In September 2009, Mac released her first compilation album, "Annie Mac Presents", followed in the subsequent two years "Annie Mac Presents 2010" and "Annie Mac Presents 2011".


title: Annie Mac

text: In August 2012, Annie Mac was one of the DJs selected by Channel 4 to hold a live six-hour, televised House Party on Bank Holiday Friday.


title: Annie Mac

text: She released "Annie Mac Presents 2012" in October 2012; the tracklisting contained some of the songs Mac played on the Channel 4 House Party. Tracks by Knife Party and Steve Aoki headlined the tracklisting.


title: Annie Mac

text: On 31 December 2012, Annie Mac was one of the DJs selected by Channel 4 to hold a live six-hour, televised New Year's House Party. Annie Mac dj'd


title: Annie Mac

text: In November 2014, she began hosting "Annie Mac Presents" on SiriusXM's BPM in the United States, starting at 21:00. ET. into the New Year on this televised event.


title: Annie Mac

text: On 15 February 2015, it was announced she had taken over Zane Lowe's Radio 1 evening show airing Monday-Thursdays 19:00 to 21:00.


title: Annie Mac

text: In January 2017, Mac presented a BBC Three programme called "Who Killed the Night" investigating the status of British nightclubs following many closures, notably the Fabric closure and re-opening and property developments on sites of former clubs, visiting the site of former Kings Cross club Bagleys/Canvas. The programme featured interviews with the newly appointed night czar Amy Lamé.


title: Annie Mac

text: In March 2021, Mac announced her first book, "Mother Mother", with her birth name in the author's title of the book. It was released on 27 May of that year and became a "Sunday Times" bestseller. The book centres on Mary and her son TJ in Belfast, and various challenges including motherhood and grief.


title: Annie Mac

text: On April 20, 2021, Mac announced her departure from Radio 1 after 17 years, citing the need to spend more time with her husband Toddla T and their children. She made the emotional announcement live on air during Greg James' Radio 1 Breakfast Show. It was also announced that fellow Radio 1 DJ, Clara Amfo, would take over Annie's "Future Sounds" show from July, while Danny Howard would take over the "Radio 1's Dance Party" show. Annie Mac's final Radio 1 show was broadcast on 30 July 2021.


title: Annie Mac

text: Annie Mac Presents: Lost & Found Festival, is an annual music festival that takes place in St. Paul's Bay, Malta during May. The festival was started in 2015 and is curated by Mac, who was named as the Festival Ambassador of Malta in 2018, and was presented with the award by Malta's Minister for Tourism. The four-day event is split between a number of day and night parties at a variety of venues across the island, including Café Del Mar, which hosts the daytime pool parties.


title: Audio feedback

text: Audio feedback (also known as acoustic feedback, simply as feedback) is a positive feedback situation which may occur when an acoustic path exists between an audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup) and an audio output (for example, a loudspeaker). In this example, a signal received by the microphone is amplified and passed out of the loudspeaker. The sound from the loudspeaker can then be received by the microphone again, amplified further, and then passed out through the loudspeaker again. The frequency of the resulting howl is determined by resonance frequencies in the microphone, amplifier, and loudspeaker, the acoustics of the room, the directional pick-up and emission patterns of the microphone and loudspeaker, and the distance between them. The principles of audio feedback were first discovered by Danish scientist Søren Absalon Larsen, hence it is also known as the Larsen effect.


title: Audio feedback

text: Feedback is almost always considered undesirable when it occurs with a singer's or public speaker's microphone at an event using a sound reinforcement system or PA system. Audio engineers typically use directional microphones with cardioid pickup patterns and various electronic devices, such as equalizers and, since the 1990s, automatic feedback suppressors, to prevent feedback, which detracts from the audience's enjoyment of the event and may damage equipment or hearing.


title: Audio feedback

text: Since the 1960s, electric guitar players in rock music bands using loud guitar amplifiers, speaker cabinets and distortion effects have intentionally created guitar feedback to create different sounds including long sustained tones that cannot be produced using standard playing techniques. The sound of guitar feedback is considered to be a desirable musical effect in heavy metal music, hardcore punk and grunge. Jimi Hendrix was an innovator in the intentional use of guitar feedback in his guitar solos to create unique musical sounds.


title: Audio feedback

text: The conditions for feedback follow the Barkhausen stability criterion, namely that, with sufficiently high gain, a stable oscillation can (and usually will) occur in a feedback loop whose frequency is such that the phase delay is an integer multiple of 360 degrees and the gain at that frequency is equal to 1. If the small-signal gain is greater than 1 for some frequency then the system will start to oscillate at that frequency because noise at that frequency will be amplified. Sound will be produced without anyone actually playing. The sound level will increase until the output starts clipping, reducing the loop gain to exactly unity. This is the principle upon which electronic oscillators are based; in that case, although the feedback loop is purely electronic, the principle is the same. If the gain is large but slightly less than 1, then ringing will be introduced, but only when at least some input sound is already being sent through the system.


title: Audio feedback

text: Early academic work on acoustical feedback was done by Dr. C. Paul Boner. Boner was responsible for establishing basic theories of acoustic feedback, room-ring modes, and room-sound system equalizing techniques. Boner reasoned that when feedback happened, it did so at one precise frequency. He also reasoned that it could be stopped by inserting a very narrow notch filter at that frequency in the loudspeaker's signal chain. He worked with Gifford White, founder of White Instruments to hand craft notch filters for specific feedback frequencies in specific rooms.


title: Audio feedback

text: To maximize gain before feedback, the amount of sound energy that is fed back to the microphones must be reduced as much as is practical. As sound pressure falls off with 1/r with respect to the distance r in free space, or up to a distance known as reverberation distance in closed spaces (and the energy density with 1/r²), it is important to keep the microphones at a large enough distance from the speaker systems. As well, microphones should not be positioned in front of speakers and individuals using mics should be asked to avoid pointing the microphone at speaker enclosures.


title: Audio feedback

text: Additionally, the loudspeakers and microphones should have non-uniform directivity and should stay out of the maximum sensitivity of each other, ideally in a direction of cancellation. Public address speakers often achieve directivity in the mid and treble region (and good efficiency) via horn systems. Sometimes the woofers have a cardioid characteristic.


title: Audio feedback

text: Professional setups circumvent feedback by placing the main speakers away from the band or artist, and then having several smaller speakers known as "monitors" pointing back at each band member, but in the opposite direction to that in which the microphones are pointing taking advantage of microphones with a cardioid pickup pattern which are common in sound reinforcement applications. This configuration reducees the opportunities for feedback and allows independent control of the sound pressure levels for the audience and the performers.


title: Audio feedback

text: Almost always, the natural frequency responses of sound reinforcement systems is not ideally flat. This leads to acoustical feedback at the frequency with the highest loop gain, which may be much higher than the average gain over all frequencies (resonance). It is therefore helpful to apply some form of equalization to reduce the gain of this frequency.


title: Audio feedback

text: Feedback can be reduced manually by "ringing out" a sound system prior to a performance. The sound engineer can increase the level of a microphone or guitar pickup until feedback occurs. The engineer can then attenuate the relevant frequency on an equalizer preventing feedback at that frequency but allowing sufficient volume at other frequencies. Many professional sound engineers can identify feedback frequencies by ear but others use a real time analyzer to identify the ringing frequency.


title: Audio feedback

text: To avoid feedback, automatic anti-feedback devices can be used. (In the marketplace these go by the name "feedback destroyer" or "feedback eliminator".) Some of these work by shifting the frequency slightly, with this upshift resulting in a "chirp"-sound instead of a howling sound of unaddressed feedback. Other devices use sharp notch-filters to filter out offending frequencies. Adaptive algorithms are often used to automatically tune these notch filters.


title: Audio feedback

text: To intentionally create feedback, an electric guitar player needs a guitar amplifier and a loudspeaker cabinet, with very high gain (amplification) and/or the guitar brought near the speaker. The guitarist then allows the open strings to vibrate freely and brings the guitar close to the speaker enclosure of the guitar amp. The use of distortion effects units also facilitates the creation of intentional feedback.


title: Audio feedback

text: A deliberate use of acoustic feedback was pioneered by blues and rock 'n' roll guitarists such as Willie Johnson, Johnny Watson and Link Wray. According to AllMusic's Richie Unterberger, the very first use of feedback on a commercial rock record is the introduction of the song "I Feel Fine" by the Beatles, recorded in 1964. Jay Hodgson agrees that it was the first chart-topper to showcase feedback distortion, created by John Lennon leaning a semi-acoustic guitar against an amplifier. The Who's 1965 hits "Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere" and "My Generation" featured feedback manipulation by Pete Townshend, with an extended solo in the former and the shaking of his guitar in front of the amplifier to create a throbbing noise in the latter. Canned Heat's "Fried Hockey Boogie" (off of their 1968 album "Boogie with Canned Heat") also featured guitar feedback produced by Henry Vestine during his solo to create a highly amplified distorted boogie style of feedback. In 1963, the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special, which was purposely designed to feed back.


title: Audio feedback

text: Feedback was used extensively after 1965 by the Monks, Jefferson Airplane, the Velvet Underground and the Grateful Dead, who included in many of their live shows a segment named "Feedback", a several-minutes long feedback-driven improvisation. Feedback has since become a striking characteristic of rock music, as electric guitar players such as Jeff Beck, Pete Townshend, Dave Davies, Steve Marriott and Jimi Hendrix deliberately induced feedback by holding their guitars close to the amplifier's speaker. Jazz guitarist Gábor Szabó was one of the earliest jazz musicians to use controlled feedback in his music, which is prominent on his live album "The Sorcerer" (1967). Szabó's method included the use of a flat top acoustic guitar with a magnetic pickup. Lou Reed created his album "Metal Machine Music" (1975) entirely from loops of feedback played at various speeds. An example of feedback can be heard on Hendrix's performance of "Can You See Me?" at the Monterey Pop Festival. The entire guitar solo was created using amplifier feedback.


title: Audio feedback

text: In addition to "I Feel Fine", feedback was used on the introduction to songs including Jimi Hendrix's "Foxy Lady", the Beatles' "It's All Too Much", Hendrix's "Crosstown Traffic", David Bowie's "Little Wonder", the Strokes's "New York City Cops", Ben Folds Five's "Fair", Midnight Juggernauts's "Road to Recovery", Nirvana's "Radio Friendly Unit Shifter", the Jesus and Mary Chain's "Tumbledown" and "Catchfire", the Stone Roses's "Waterfall", Porno for Pyros's "Tahitian Moon", Tool's "Stinkfist", and the Cure's "Prayer For Rain". Examples of feedback combined with a quick volume swell used as a transition include Weezer's "My Name Is Jonas" and "Say It Ain't So"; The Strokes' "Reptilia", "New York City Cops", and "Juicebox"; Dream Theater's "As I Am"; as well as numerous tracks by Meshuggah and Tool.


title: Audio feedback

text: Cacophonous feedback fade-outs ending a song are most often used to generate rather than relieve tension, often cross-faded too after a thematic and musical release. Examples include Modwheelmood's remix of Nine Inch Nail's "The Great Destroyer"; and the Jesus and Mary Chain's "Teenage Lust", "Tumbledown", "Catchfire", "Sundown", and "Frequency".


title: Audio feedback

text: Though closed circuit feedback was a prominent feature in many early experimental electronic music compositions, it was contemporary American composer Robert Ashley who first used acoustic feedback as sound material in his work "The Wolfman" (1964). Steve Reich makes extensive use of audio feedback in his work "Pendulum Music" (1968) by swinging a series of microphones back and forth in front of their corresponding amplifiers. Hugh Davies and Alvin Lucier both use feedback in their works. More recent examples can be found in the work of for example Lara Stanic, Paul Craenen, Anne Wellmer, Adam Basanta, Lesley Flanigan, Ronald Boersen and Erfan Abdi.


title: Audio feedback

text: Pitched melodies may be created entirely from feedback through changing the angle between a guitar and amplifier after establishing a feedback loop. Examples include Tool's "Jambi", Robert Fripp's guitar on David Bowie's "Heroes" (album version), and Jimi Hendrix's "Third Stone from the Sun" and his live performance of "Wild Thing" at the Monterey Pop Festival.


title: Audio feedback

text: Audio feedback became a signature feature of many underground rock bands during the 1980s. American noise-rockers Sonic Youth melded the rock-feedback tradition with a compositional/classical approach (notably covering Reich's "Pendulum Music"), and guitarist/producer Steve Albini's group Big Black also worked controlled feedback into the makeup of their songs. With the alternative rock movement of the 1990s, feedback again saw a surge in popular usage by suddenly mainstream acts like Nirvana, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine and the Smashing Pumpkins. The use of the "no-input-mixer" method for sound generation by feeding a mixing console back into itself has been adopted in experimental electronic and noise music by practitioners such as Toshimaru Nakamura.


title: Audio feedback

text: The principle of feedback is used in many guitar sustain devices. Examples include handheld devices like the EBow, built-in guitar pickups that increase the instrument's sonic sustain, string drivers mounted on a stand such as the Guitar Resonator, and sonic transducers mounted on the head of a guitar. Intended closed-circuit feedback can also be created by an effects unit, such as a delay pedal or effect fed back into a mixing console. The feedback can be controlled by using the fader to determine a volume level. The Boss DF-2 Super Feedbacker and Distortion pedal is an electronic effect unit that helps electric guitarists to create feedback effects. The halldorophone is an electro-acoustic string instrument specifically made to work with string based feedback.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The X Factor is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The ninth series began airing on ITV on 18 August 2012 and ended on 9 December 2012. Dermot O'Leary returned as presenter of the main show on ITV, whilst Caroline Flack and Olly Murs returned to co-present "The Xtra Factor" on ITV2. Louis Walsh, Gary Barlow and Tulisa returned as judges. Nicole Scherzinger was confirmed as the fourth permanent judge after Geri Halliwell, Leona Lewis, Rita Ora, Mel B, Anastacia and Scherzinger herself stood in as guest judges for the vacant position left by Kelly Rowland. After the show of 8 December, two of Scherzinger's acts, James Arthur and Jahméne Douglas, became the top two, meaning that Scherzinger was guaranteed to win. Arthur was announced as the winner on 9 December, and released a cover of Shontelle's "Impossible" as his winner's song. As of 2016, it is the most successful winner's single in the show's history.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Auditions for the series took place between 23 May and 25 June 2012, in Liverpool, London, Manchester, Glasgow, Newcastle and Cardiff. Bootcamp took place in Liverpool for three days, between 19 and 22 July. Barlow mentored the over 28s, Scherzinger had the boys, Tulisa mentored the girls and Walsh had the groups. They selected their final three acts during judges' houses, which took place in Boughton House in Northamptonshire, Dubai, Saint Lucia and Las Vegas. The 12 finalists were joined by a 13th wildcard, voted for by the public after each judge picked one of their rejected to return. The live shows started on 6 October. The final was held at Manchester Central.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The trailer for the series, entitled "Whose Time Is Now?", premiered on 30 July, featuring former contestants Lewis, Alexandra Burke, JLS, Murs, One Direction and Little Mix talking about their time on "The X Factor" and how it had changed their lives. It was criticised by former winner Shayne Ward because he was not included. The series was beset by several controversial issues throughout its run. In the auditions, these included Zoe Alexander, who swore at judges; Alison Brunton, whose audition was believed to have "caused unnecessary distress or anxiety" to her children; and Lorna Bliss, who gave Walsh a lap dance. The live shows were controversial for the eliminations of Carolynne Poole (after which Gary Barlow walked off the stage) and Ella Henderson, the fact that the voting lines opened before the contestants had performed, and also comments made by the judges—Tulisa using the term "MILF", Barlow insulting Tulisa's breath, and Scherzinger saying "effing". This series' launch was the lowest rated since 2006, and the show was often beaten in the ratings by other programmes such as "Strictly Come Dancing", "Downton Abbey" and "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". The final received the lowest ratings of an "X Factor" final since 2005, until the following year's series final attracted worse ratings.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Within four-and-a-half months of the final, six of the series' finalists—Arthur, Douglas, Henderson, Christopher Maloney, Union J and Lucy Spraggan—had been signed to record labels.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: On 17 April 2012, Gary Barlow was confirmed to be returning to the judging panel, and on 3 May it was announced that Louis Walsh would also return for his ninth year as a judge. Tulisa was also confirmed to be returning, but Kelly Rowland did not return due to other commitments. However, Rowland transferred to the USA show where she would become a judge to replace L.A. Reid for the 2013 USA series. Individuals rumoured to be permanently replacing Rowland included Alesha Dixon, and Rochelle Wiseman and Frankie Sandford. Former judges Sharon Osbourne, Dannii Minogue, and Cheryl Cole, as well as Katy Perry and Rihanna, were said to have declined the role. As a fourth permanent judge was not confirmed in time for the start of the auditions, guest judging roles were brought in. They were filled by Halliwell, series 3 winner Leona Lewis, Rita Ora, former judge and Over 30s runner-up mentor of "The X Factor USA", Nicole Scherzinger, judge of The X Factor Australia, Mel B and Anastacia. Scherzinger was announced as the fourth permanent judge on 15 June 2012, filling the fourth chair from the Newcastle auditions onwards.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Dermot O'Leary returned to present the main show on ITV for his sixth series, while Caroline Flack and Olly Murs returned to co-present companion show "The Xtra Factor" on ITV2, but Murs was absent for the auditions, bootcamp and judges' houses as he was on tour with One Direction in America. In Murs' absence, Flack was joined by guest presenters such as Jedward, JLS and Westlife. Brian Burke returned as creative director, but Elizabeth Honan did not. Brian Friedman, who left as creative director on the show after series 7 in 2010, returned this year, but left after the third live show to work on the live shows of the 2012 series of the USA show. Also, Natalya Nair, head of make-up, did not have her contract renewed. Yvie Burnett and Annabel Williams gave vocal coaching during the live shows. This was the final series for Tulisa as a main judge; she left after this series, but reappeared in 2014 to assist Walsh in choosing his groups during judges' houses in series 11, then once more as a guest judge during the final.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: This series, for the first time, applicants were able to audition online via Facebook. The show's producers also sent a "mobile audition van" to 18 locations throughout the UK and Ireland to audition singers who could not make the arena auditions. The mobile auditions began in Plymouth and ended 18 days later in Brighton. The van visited a different location every day except when it spent two days in Dublin on 28 and 29 April. The other towns and cities it visited were Aberystwyth, Bangor, Blackpool, Carlisle, Edinburgh, Inverness, Aberdeen, Dundee, Middlesbrough, Wakefield, Derby, Norwich, Colchester, Southend-on-Sea and Chatham. Producers also had researchers invite certain people to audition, who had not applied to audition. There were several rule changes in relation to the auditions: acts with current management deals were allowed to audition for the first time, in a bid to "[broaden] the net and [open] it up so that everybody gets an opportunity." Also, singers could perform their own compositions and play instruments.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The judges' auditions—originally supposed to start in Cardiff on 15 May 2012 but postponed due to delays in signing up a new permanent fourth judge—began on 23 May in Liverpool (Echo Arena) and continued from 26 to 30 May in London (The O Arena). From 5–7 June, auditions moved to Manchester (EventCity), and on 11 June, they took place in Glasgow (SEC Centre). Further auditions took place on 18 June in Newcastle (Metro Radio Arena) and concluded on 25 June in Cardiff (Motorpoint Arena Cardiff).


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Halliwell was the first guest judge, attending the Liverpool auditions. Guest judges in London were Lewis, Ora, and Scherzinger. Mel B filled the guest judging role in Manchester and Anastacia judged in Glasgow. On 13 June, Scherzinger was announced to be returning as a guest judge for the Newcastle auditions, before being announced as the new permanent fourth judge two days later.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The first episode of auditions was broadcast on 18 August 2012, and featured auditions from London (with Scherzinger), Cardiff and Manchester. The second episode featured auditions from London (with Ora), Manchester and Newcastle. More Manchester auditions, along with those from Glasgow, were shown on 1 September, while "The Xtra Factor" additionally included auditions from Newcastle. The episode broadcast on 8 September included auditions from Liverpool and more from Manchester, with the corresponding episode of "The Xtra Factor" featured auditions from London (with Scherzinger). 9 September episode showcased auditions from London (with Lewis and Scherzinger), and "The Xtra Factor" featured more auditions from London (with Lewis and Scherzinger). On 15 September, auditions from London (with Ora and Lewis), Manchester and Glasgow were shown. The final episode of auditions was shown on 16 September, and included more of London (with Ora), Cardiff, Liverpool and Manchester.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Notable auditionees included Lucy Spraggan, whose self-released single "Last Night", which she performed at her audition, entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11 following the episode broadcast; Britt Love from the band Mini Viva; glamour model and television personality Bianca Gascoigne; TV presenter, stage actor and former "Popstars" and "Pop Idol" contestant Hayley Evetts; "Big Brother 9" housemate Stephanie McMichael (in the group Poisonous Twin) and singer and former "" housemate Nathan Fagan-Gayle. Returning auditionees included Joe Cox, Jade Richards, Melanie McCabe and Carolynne Poole, who all reached judges' houses in series 8.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Bootcamp was held outside London for the first time in the show's history, due to London hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics. It took place at the Echo Arena in Liverpool over three days, starting on Thursday 19 July, and was broadcast on 22 and 23 September. Simon Cowell promised that this bootcamp would be "the toughest yet". The age ranges of the categories were changed for this series during bootcamp; the over 25s became the over 28s (as in series 7), so the boys and girls categories contain contestants aged 16–27, rather than 16–24. It was reported that the reason for this was because the series 8 contestants were considered too young, and contestants in their late 20s did not make it into the over 25s category because of "quirky older" contestants. Also, Scherzinger and Barlow swapped seats, meaning that there was two female judges in the 1st and 3rd seats, and two males judges in the 2nd and 4th seats. Most other The X Factor shows started to do this.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: 211 acts reached bootcamp. On the first day, judges reviewed the audition tapes and sent home 60 acts before they had a chance to sing. The remaining contestants were then put into groups and they took part in a sing-off. Contestants had a choice of the following songs to perform: "Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)", "Respect", "Moves like Jagger", "Are You Gonna Go My Way", "Crazy in Love", "Next to Me", "She Said", "Use Somebody" and "How to Save a Life". After each performance, the judges decided which acts to keep and which to eliminate. The number of acts was reduced to 70: 21 girls, 22 boys, 12 over 28s and 15 groups. The following day, the remaining acts each performed one song for the judges in front of a live audience, and the day after, the judges decided which acts to put through to judges' houses. They could not decide between groups Triple J and GMD3, so had them each perform again before making a final decision. GMD3 were eventually chosen as the final group through to judges' houses and Triple J were sent home.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The judges received news of their categories from Simon Cowell via telephone, seen during the second bootcamp episode on 23 September. Scherzinger mentored the Boys in Dubai, assisted by R&B star Ne-Yo; Tulisa took the Girls to Saint Lucia with Tinie Tempah, Barlow had the Over 28s in Northamptonshire, and Walsh had the Groups in Las Vegas and original judge Sharon Osbourne returned as his assistant. Barlow was reportedly originally planning to go to Majorca, but changed to Boughton House in Northamptonshire so that he could be close to his wife after the death of their baby. Barlow was rumoured to be joined by Robbie Williams, but was instead joined by former judge Cheryl Cole. Her arrival was surrounded in secrecy; contestants had their phones removed and Cole was hidden under a tablecloth, so that contestants could not see her sitting next to Barlow.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Rough Copy were originally put through to judges' houses, but were withdrawn from the contest after getting through bootcamp because group member Kazeem "Kaz" Ajobo had a visa application which was being considered by the UK Border Agency. There had been fears that if he travelled abroad during the judges' houses stage, the Nigerian-born 23-year-old from South London may struggle to re-enter the UK. They were replaced by Times Red and Union J (originally Triple J). The judges' houses round was broadcast on 29 and 30 September 2012.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: At the end of judges' houses, it was announced that each judge could bring back one further act back as a wildcard. The public then voted for which of the four wildcards would become the thirteenth contestant This left one judge with an extra act. Scherzinger chose Adam Burridge, Tulisa chose Amy Mottram, Barlow chose Christopher Maloney and Walsh chose Times Red. Maloney was revealed as the winner on the first live show on 6 October 2012. When the voting statistics were announced at the end of the series, Maloney was revealed to have received 63.5% of the vote to return, while Mottram received 17.8%, Times Red received 12.5% and Burridge received 6.2%.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The acts were announced during the episode broadcast on 30 September 2012. The winner of the wildcard vote was revealed on the first live show on 6 October 2012 as Christopher Maloney. The group GMD3 decided to change their name before the live shows, with viewers able to suggest names, and on 5 October, the day before the first live show, they announced their new name, District3.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The live shows started on 6 October 2012. Each week, the contestants perform on Saturday, with the voting lines opening before the performances for the first time in the history of the show. The results are announced on Sunday, with the bottom two contestants being announced and then judges choosing which of the two to eliminate after the contestants perform another song of their choice (the final showdown). If the judges' votes are tied, the result goes to deadlock and the act with the fewest public votes is eliminated. As with previous series, each live show has a different theme. The results show features a group performance by the remaining contestants and guest live performances. The live final took place in Manchester on 8 and 9 December, at Manchester Central. It is the first time the final has been hosted outside London. On 26 August, it was reported that contestants would be able to perform their own material during the live shows, after original songs proved to be popular with the crowds during the audition stages.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Each results show featured musical performances from at least two artists, while occasionally, artists performed on the main performances show. Leona Lewis and Ne-Yo performed on the first results show, while series 7 runner-up Rebecca Ferguson and Taylor Swift appeared on the second. The third results show featured Labrinth with Emeli Sandé and series 5 runners-up JLS. fun. and Robbie Williams performed the following week, and Rita Ora and No Doubt both performed in the fifth week. The sixth week included performances from series 7 contestants One Direction, Ed Sheeran and series 8 winners Little Mix. Alicia Keys and "The Xtra Factor" presenter and series 6 runner-up Olly Murs performed during the seventh live result show, while Rihanna and Bruno Mars performed on the eighth. The semi-final results show featured performances from Pink and judge Tulisa, who was due to perform the previous week, but due to the delay of the release of her new single, postponed her performance. The live final featured performances from Kylie Minogue, Ora and Kelly Clarkson, and the final three performed duets with their mentors, with Only Boys Aloud appearing during Douglas and Scherzinger's, while the final results show featured performances from One Direction, Sandé and Rihanna.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The result of the wildcard vote was revealed before the performances, with Christopher Maloney announced as the winner.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: With the acts in the bottom two receiving two votes each, the result went to deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote. Poole was eliminated as the act with the fewest public votes; upon this revelation, Barlow immediately stormed off the stage.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: With the acts in the bottom two receiving two votes each, the result went to deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote. Masson was eliminated as the act with the fewest public votes.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: With the acts in the bottom two receiving two votes each, the result went to deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote. MK1 were eliminated as the act with the fewest public votes.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: Lucy Spraggan did not perform as she was not well and automatically advanced to the following week. It was the second time this happened in the show's history, with Diana Vickers being the first in series 5.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: On 3 November 2012, it was announced that Spraggan withdrew from the competition due to illness. She was not replaced and the elimination went ahead as normal.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: With the acts in the bottom two receiving two votes each, the result went to deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote. Sones was eliminated as the act with the fewest public votes.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: With the acts in the bottom two receiving two votes each, the result went to deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote. Henderson was eliminated as the act with the fewest public votes.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The semi-final did not feature a final showdown and instead the act with the fewest public votes, Union J, were automatically eliminated. After their elimination, Union J reprised their week 5 performance of "Love Story".


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: The final, held at Manchester Central, consisted of two one hour thirty minute episodes on 8 and 9 December.


title: The X Factor (British series 9)

text: On 31 October 2012, it was reported that there would not be a charity single released by the finalists this year, as there was in the previous four years, and that the winner's single may be released for charity to give it a greater chance of reaching number one. This was confirmed by Simon Cowell on 28 November, who announced that the single would be released on 9 December and that 100% of the profits would go to children's charity Together for Short Lives. The winners' songs were revealed on 8 December 2012, with Arthur to release "Impossible" as his debut single. If he had won, Douglas would have released "Let It Be", while Christopher Maloney's winner's song would have been "The Reason", and Union J's would have been "Skyscraper".