text: By June 2020, none of the 51 people facing federal charges were alleged to have links to antifa. According to the "Houston Chronicle", at least three alleged looters in Austin, Texas, were affiliated with antifa. Contrastly, a mid-June investigation by "The Washington Post" concluded there was no solid evidence of antifa involvement in causing violence during the protests, contradicting prior claims by law enforcement officials. This is in part because "antifa is a moniker, not a single group", making it difficult to attribute any violence directly to the movement. According to a report by researchers affiliated with Rutgers University, left-wing groups are now employing "many of the same tactics against police and other targets during the social justice protests since the death of George Floyd". As of September 2020, no antifa or left-wing group has been charged in connection with the civil unrest. However, Michael Forest Reinoehl, an anti-fascist protester who gave contrasting statements about antifa, stating that he was "100% anti-fascist" but "not a member of Antifa" or "anything", has been implicated in the late August killing of a Trump supporter in Portland. According to Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at the California State University, if Reinoehl is implicated in the case, "it would mark the first time in recent years that an antifa supporter has been charged with homicide" as "hard-left violence has generally been less fatal and more directed towards property, racists and to a lesser extent police and journalists" which is unlike "the white supremacist and the far right, which glorifies mass violence by loners and small cells against minorities and enemies". Gary LaFree, chairman of the University of Maryland's criminology department, stated that "the case could potentially be included in the university's Global Terrorism Database as the first act of terror linked to antifa". Reinoehl was later killed by law enforcement during an attempted apprehension.


title: Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests

text: Some anti-capitalist, anti-fascist and police abolitionist groups consider the civil unrest in the United States as part of a broader revolution. The Pacific Northwest Youth Liberation Front from Portland are a police abolitionist group who seek to "show the world that the fire of this uprising is still burning strong, and that flames will just keep getting bigger until the police state has been dismantled once and for all". Speaking at the Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse in mid July, one Portland rally organizer said that she organizes for "the abolition of not just the militarized police state but also the United States as we know it".


text: A collective of protesters, "including self-identified anarchist extremists and those affiliated with Antifa", demonstrated against the Seattle Police Department through the occupation of a six-block area of the Capitol Hill neighborhood, self-proclaimed as the Capitol Hill Occupied Protest (CHOP), also identified as the Capitol Hill Organized Protest, and later renamed to the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ). According to an analysis by the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness, "[s]everal social media accounts affiliated with anarchist extremists and Antifa have openly claimed members are present and active in the area, posting their involvement in the takeover of the CHAZ and advocating a standoff if their long list of demands is not met." Furthermore, it stated:


text: Despite reports of a peaceful takeover, the [Seattle Police Department] has heard of individuals checking for identification at barricades before entering the zone without the authority to do so. Additionally, there are reports of citizens and businesses being asked to pay a fee to operate within this area, and some residents cannot access their homes or businesses. The barricades are preventing the Seattle fire and police departments from accessing and responding to emergencies in and around the area, noting their response time has slowed considerably due to the roadblocks.


text: On June 20, a 19-year-old man was killed and another person was hospitalized with life-threatening injuries after being fired on multiple times inside the CHAZ. Nine days later, a 16-year-old boy was killed and a 14-year-old was critically injured in their Jeep Grand Cherokee after being shot in the zone.


text: Minneapolis experienced an increase in cyberattacks, led by hacktivist groups, in the immediate aftermath of Floyd's murder. Malicious actors caused temporary outages of Minnesota statewide emergency community systems by deploying denial of service attacks. Minneapolis also experienced an increase of ransomware, cryptomining, and malware infections to its systems.


text: At least 50 incidents of vehicles driving into crowds of protesters were recorded from May 27 to June 17, with four ruled accidental and five involving police officers. Since 2015, such actions have been encouraged against Black Lives Matter protests by "Run Them Over" and "All Lives Splatter" memes online, as well as items posted on Fox News and on social media by police officers.


text: "Vice" and New York University's Reiss Center reported that far-right accelerationists, who aim to exacerbate tensions and speed up the supposed coming of a "civil war", have urged followers online to use the protests as an occasion to carry out violence; an eco-fascist Telegram channel with almost 2500 subscribers posted on the 28th that "a riot would be the perfect place to commit a murder." Analysis by "Vice" and the "New York Times" also noted the proliferation of chatter on 4chan hailing the violence as the beginning of a "race war." Such tactics match a long running history of accelerationists exploiting moments of political and/or civil unrest to, in the words of historian Stuart Wexler, "produce racial polarization and eventual retaliation."


text: According to a Twitter spokesperson, an account pretending to belong to a national "antifa" organization and pushing violent rhetoric related to ongoing protests has been linked to the white nationalist group Identity Evropa; Identity Evropa denied the claims. According to an internal FBI situation report on the May 31 protests, individuals from a far-right social media group had "called for far-right provocateurs to attack federal agents, use automatic weapons against protesters."


text: In late July 2020, arson investigators with the Minneapolis police announced that they had identified the "Umbrella Man" who was seen on a widely circulated video breaking windows at an AutoZone store near the third police precinct station on May 27, which set off a chain reaction of looting and rioting, including the store and many other buildings being burned to the ground. The suspect, a 32-year-old man, had ties to the Hells Angels and Aryan Cowboy Brotherhood as well participated in a confrontation in Stillwater, Minnesota involving a Muslim woman in June. As of July 28, 2020, the man had not yet been charged with a crime. A local police investigator said he was deliberately attempting to incite rioting and looting.


text: On May 29, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz noted then-unconfirmed reports of white supremacists as well as drug cartels taking advantage of the protests. He also claimed that a large portion of the protesters were coming from out of state to instigate violence, though this was later shown to be false and the statements were walked back. Minnesota Department of Public Safety Commissioner John Harrington noted that some white supremacist groups had posted messages online that encouraged people to go loot in Minneapolis and cause mayhem.


text: On May 30, Minnesota officials including Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison, Governor Tim Walz, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey, and St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter stated they believed that white nationalists were using the protests as cover for inciting violence, and that Minnesota officials were monitoring the ongoing far-right online effort to incite violence. On the other hand, Howard Graves, an analyst at the Souther Poverty Law Center stated on May 31 that he did not see clear evidence of "white supremacists or militiamen" heading out to "burn and loot." The University of St. Thomas' Lisa Waldner, an analyst of the American white supremacist and anarchist movements, has noted that the goal of many of the individuals involved in the destruction of Minneapolis was to create chaos so as to pursue their own agendas. White nationalist Facebook groups reportedly began urging members to "get their loot on." In at least 20 cities across the country as of May 31, members of hate groups and far-right organizations filmed themselves at the demonstrations.


text: On the evening of June 7, in Lakeside, Virginia, witnesses reported that a truck-driver deliberately drove into protesters. No one was seriously injured; a suspect was arrested. The county attorney described the suspect as "an admitted leader of the Ku Klux Klan and a propagandist for Confederate ideology" and said he may be charged with a hate crime.


text: On June 15, a confrontation between a protester (Scott Williams) and counter-protester (Steven Baca) at the Statue of Juan de Oñate at the Albuquerque Museum of Art and History lead to Williams being shot. Before the shooting, protesters had attempted to tear down the statue. Shooting charges were later dropped against Baca after online images emerged showing Williams holding what is rumored to be a knife. The shooting drew attention to the armed civilians that had been turning up at Floyd protests and their apparent coordination with law enforcement. The New Mexico Patriots group, which was present at the shooting, was accused of intimidating people of color and promoting right-wing material. Albuquerque Police officers were videotaped directing armed civilians during protests. Police dispatch radio referred to "heavily armed friendlies" on a roof overlooking a protest. A member of the group New Mexico Patriots stated that they had "worked with APD for many years now."


text: On June 25, three police officers from Wilmington, North Carolina, were fired after they were caught in a leaked audio tape using derogatory remarks to describe black Americans, saying that they should be slaughtered and that "there should be another civil war to wipe them off the "(expletive)" map." It was later revealed that two of the officers had previous disciplinary issues with the department, including one officer who had been fired but rehired 4 days later.


text: The boogaloo movement, an armed anti-government and far-right extremist movement that seeks a Second American Civil War and whose members are identifiable at times for wearing Hawaiian shirts, have been reported at the protests. Participants of the boogaloo movement at the George Floyd protests had a range of intentions, much like the ideologies behind the movement, with some individuals expressing support for or opposition to the protests, while others simply sought to rile up crowds. Administrators of the Facebook page Big Igloo Bois, a splinter of the boogaloo movement, called for members to attend the protests with one administrator stating, "come in peace, prepare for there to be violence." Some of the boogaloo groups have espoused white supremacist views. Other groups such as the Big Igloo Bois have aimed to make common cause with the Black Lives Matter movement due to their shared mistrust of the police.


text: On June 3, three men who identified with the boogaloo movement were arrested in Las Vegas and charged by the Joint Terrorism Task Force for reportedly plotting to commit violent acts to incite a riot and terrorism charges. The three men also had military experience, and were plotting to attack economic targets prior to the protests in May.


text: Boogaloo supporter Steven Carillo shot and killed a Federal security guard in Oakland, California on May 29 during a Floyd protest, later killing a police officer on June 6. The apparent motive was to ignite broader violence, though the ideological motive remains unclear. Prior to the attacks, Carillo posted on social media, "Go to the riots and support our own cause. Show them the real targets. Use their anger to fuel our fire. Think outside the box. We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage." By September 2020, at least fifteen people affiliated with the boogaloo movement had been arrested and five deaths had been publicly linked to boogaloo rhetoric.


text: On October 21, an adult male claiming to be connected to the boogaloo movement was arrested in San Antonio and charged with a count of "interstate travel to incite a riot" for actions they had taken in May in Minneapolis. The male was apparently filmed firing rounds in the Minneapolis Police Department's 3rd Precinct. The charges also alleged that he helped to set the 3rd Precinct on fire and had received money from Carillo in June.


title: Parks and Recreation (season 6)

text: The sixth season of "Parks and Recreation" originally aired in the United States on the NBC television network, from September 26, 2013 with an hour long premiere, and concluded on April 24, 2014 with an hour-long finale. It premiered in its new Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot. This season consisted of 22 episodes. It stars Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Chris Pratt, Adam Scott, Rob Lowe, Jim O'Heir and Retta. The show moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm beginning with its 100th episode.


title: Parks and Recreation (season 6)

text: Much like the other seasons, Season 6 follows Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) and her co-workers in local government of fictional Indiana town, Pawnee. The season chronicles Leslie facing the recall vote from City Council, Ann Perkins's (Rashida Jones) and Chris Traeger's (Rob Lowe) move to Michigan to start their family, Andy Dwyer's (Chris Pratt) career in London, and the city merger of Eagleton and Pawnee, resulting in the Unity Concert organized by Leslie.


title: Parks and Recreation (season 6)

text: On July 31, 2013, it was reported by BuzzFeed that Rob Lowe and Rashida Jones would be leaving the series around the middle of the season. Their final episode was episode 13, "Ann and Chris". Due to the departure of Jones and Lowe, longtime regulars Jim O'Heir and Retta were added to the show's opening credit sequence starting with episode 14, "Anniversaries". Jones appears as a special guest star in episode 17 when Ann has her baby.


title: Parks and Recreation (season 6)

text: Chris Pratt was absent for much of the early part of the season, due to him filming "Guardians of the Galaxy" in London. Executive producer Michael Schur stated the show went to London for the first two episodes in order for Pratt's character Andy to make an appearance. Pratt made a brief return in the sixth episode, with Schur adding that Pratt would return to the series in the tenth episode, the series' 100th episode.


title: Parks and Recreation (season 6)

text: In February 2014, NBC announced a digital tie-in for the show, titled "The Hapley Group", which aired on February 20. Created "to help viewers remain engaged with their favorite programs" while NBC broadcasts the 2014 Winter Olympics, it featured Jay Jackson, Matt Besser, Nick Kroll and Mo Collins reprising their roles as Perd Hapley, Crazy Ira, The Douche, and Joan Callamezzo, respectively, with Seth Morris as Mike Patterson, a new character who recurred on the TV show as well. The tie-in, directed by Morgan Sackett and written by Greg Levine, features the characters in a heated, political round-table discussion of Pawnee's hot topics.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Mackinac Island ( ) is a city in Mackinac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the city had a permanent population of 583. The population numbers in the tens of thousands from May 1st to October 31st due to an influx of visitors and hundreds of seasonal workers.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Established as an important fur trading center in the eighteenth century, with a predominately French-speaking population of French Canadians and Métis, after the War of 1812 the city gained more Anglo-American residents. The US put restrictions on Canadians for fur trading. From 1818 until 1882 the city served as the county seat of the former Michilimackinac County, which was later organized as Mackinac County, with St. Ignace designated as the county seat. The city includes all of Mackinac Island and it also originally included nearby Round Island which is unpopulated and now federally owned and part of the Hiawatha National Forest. The state park and the national forest make up most of the city.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: A unique local ordinance passed in 1895 prohibits the use of any motor vehicles on the island. The only exceptions to this are city emergency vehicles (ambulance, police cars and fire trucks), city service vehicles and snowmobiles in the winter. Today the most common means of travel is either by foot, bicycle, horse or horse-drawn carriage. Roller skates and roller blades are also allowed, except in the downtown area. Mackinac Island is home to the Grand Hotel, built during the nineteenth century when the island started to be a summer destination. When the 1980 movie "Somewhere in Time" was filmed here, the city made an exception to allow the production company to use motorized vehicles on the island.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Mackinac Island is noted for its many fudge shops, a tourist attraction. The island has a large craft industry devoted to making fudge in a traditional manner, creating portions on cold marble slabs. The many varieties are a tourist draw and frequently given as gifts throughout Michigan.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Andrew Blackbird was the son of an Ottawa chief and served as an official interpreter for the U.S. government in the late 19th century. According to his 1887 history of the indigenous peoples of Michigan, the people of Mackinac Island had been a small independent tribe known as "Mi-shi-ne-macki naw-go". They became affiliated with the larger tribe of Ottawa from Ottawa Island (now Manitoulin Island) situated north of Lake Huron.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: One winter the Mi-shi-ne-macki naw-go on Mackinac were nearly annihilated by the Seneca, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, then based in present-day New York and Pennsylvania. Two natives escaped by hiding in one of the natural caves on the island. To commemorate this tribe, the Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) named the island as "Mi-shi-ne-macki-nong," also known as "Michilimackinac" by the 18th century.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: In 1654 French Jesuit missionaries recorded French traders at the island, who were with a large party of Huron and Ottawa heading to Three Rivers. Another trader was said to have made a canoe voyage to the island in 1665. The French colonists continued in the fur trade, which became extremely lucrative; they operated out of Montreal and Quebec, and established posts on "Mi-shi-ne-macki-nong" and throughout the Great Lakes area. After the French ceded their territory in North America to the British in 1763 following defeat in the Seven Years' War, the British established Fort St. Joseph and an installation on what was known as Michilimackinac. During the American Revolutionary War, they vacated the fort.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: By 1782, the Americans established a garrison on what they called Mackinac Island, commanded by Captain Daniel Robertson; he had command until his death in 1787. In 1796 as a result of Jay's Treaty with Great Britain, settling the northern border, the island officially became part of the United States and its Northwest Territory.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: In the early 1800s Mackinac Island had a permanent population of about 250. Although it was part of the United States, most of the residents were of French-Canadian and Métis ancestry, based on its colonial history, and French was the predominant language. The fur trade was the dominant feature of the economy. Native American languages, particularly Ojibwe and Odawa, and dialects were spoken by some residents. In the summer trading season, the population could reach 4,000, attracting agents and Native Americans from the interior.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: After the War of 1812, the United States prohibited British fur traders from operating in US territory, cutting off some of the relations between Canadians and Native Americans on the US side. Some fur trading families divided their operations with posts on each side of the border. The noted French writer Alexis de Tocqueville visited Mackinac Island in July 1831 on his tour of the United States. He wrote about its unique population with its strong French and Native American influence.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Under American rule, Michilimackinac (the island and adjacent areas) had a justice of the peace, supervisor of roads, and two military captains until the borough was formed. The island's people made a request through Indian Agent William Henry Puthuff on February 2, 1817, that a borough be established on the island and for building a jailhouse. In response on March 15, 1817, Michigan Territory Secretary William Woodbridge issued a proclamation forming the Township of Michilimackinac, giving the jurisdiction's distance from Detroit, the territorial capital. The governor and judges passed an act on April 6, 1817, forming the Borough of Michilimackinac. The borough organizational meeting was held in the Indian Council House, presided over by Puthuff on Monday, July 7, 1817. (The site was within the boundaries of the current Marquette Park). At this meeting, the residents selected the following officers, a warden, two burgesses, a clerk, a marshal and a treasurer. Puthuff was selected as warden, the chief official similar to a mayor. The American Fur Company was formed on Main Street, now Market Street.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: With the 1818 formation of Michilimackinac County by Territorial Governor Lewis Cass, this borough was named as the county seat. The Borough form was later replaced with that of a village. Waren Puthuff was authorized by borough act to build a wharf at the end of Cross Street, now named Astor Street after John Jacob Astor. This wharf is the longest-lasting wharf on the island and was later used as the coal dock.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: On March 16, 1847, the Michigan state legislature passed a law abolishing the borough, effective April 1. The legislature reversed this action and incorporated the island as the Village of Mackinac, effective March 25, 1847.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: In the late 19th century, Mackinac Island became a popular summer resort destination for travelers from major cities such as Chicago and later Detroit, as well as more distant ones. The Grand Hotel was built as a luxury venue. The seasonal peak of population in the summer, now made up of thousands of tourists and service workers, follows the earlier cycle of the fur trade. As then, it is a time of festivities and entertainment.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: In 1860, the "Augustus Pond vs. The People" court case was held in the county courthouse. It clarified the self-defense legal principle informally expressed as “a man’s home is his castle.” Hubbard's Annex was platted on the former Ambrose Davenport farm west of the harbor in 1882 by Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard. The county seat was moved from the municipality in 1882 to St. Ignace, as more population had moved into the western part of the county.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Personal vehicles were banned in 1895 in order to protect the health of the island horses and residents. Soon after the first automobiles made their way onto the island, members of Mackinac Island Carriage Tours petitioned the Village of Mackinac Island to ban the automobile as the "dangerous horseless carriage" startled the horses. This ban remains in effect today with only exceptions being city emergency vehicles (ambulance, police cars and fire trucks), city service vehicles and snowmobiles in winter.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: The Michigan Legislature created the City of Mackinac Island on June 9, 1899, via act 437 as a special charter city, combining the Township of Holmes and Village of Mackinac. At that time, all of nearby Round Island was included in the corporate limits, for reasons not clear today.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Round Island is owned and overseen by the United States Forest Service in its entirety, and is managed as part of the Round Island Wilderness Area and the Hiawatha National Forest. The city limits include all of Mackinac Island State Park, which area makes up 82 percent of Mackinac Island; it is governed by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The City of Mackinac Island exists on the island of the same name, and it also nominally includes the entirety of nearby Round Island, situated in the Straits of Mackinac immediately to the south, which is uninhabited, and is owned and overseen by the United States Forest Service in its entirety, and is managed as part of the Round Island Wilderness Area and the Hiawatha National Forest.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: While all of Mackinac Island, the landform, is located within the corporate limits of the City of Mackinac Island, today 82 percent of the island's landmass is owned by the State of Michigan and managed by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission (MISPC). The city has direct jurisdiction over only 18 percent of the island. The City and the Commission work together on the many issues affecting both the City and the State Park, such as the longtime ban on motorized vehicles on the island.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Access to the island is by ferries across Lake Huron. The city of Mackinac Island is one of seven municipalities in the state of Michigan to consist entirely of islands, including Grosse Ile, Drummond, Bois Blanc, St. James, Peaine, and Sugar Island townships.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: As of the census of 2020, there were 583 people, 220 households, and 120 families residing in the city. The population density was .


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 492 people, 240 households, and 128 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,002 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 73.8% White, 1.2% African American, 18.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 5.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: There were 240 households, of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.7% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.69.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: The median age in the city was 42.5 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.4% were from 25 to 44; 33.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.8% male and 47.2% female.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 523 people, 252 households, and 143 families residing in the city. The population density was 119.8 people per square mile (46.2/km). There were 565 housing units at an average density of 129.4 per square mile (49.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 75.72% White, 18.36% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 5.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: There were 252 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.69.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: The median income for a household in the city was $36,964, and the median income for a family was $50,536. Males had a median income of $39,219 versus $25,313 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,965. About 1.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Margaret Doud was appointed to fill a vacancy on the council in 1974. In 1975, she ran for mayor and won. Doud has continually won re-election to the office since then.


title: Mackinac Island, Michigan

text: Mackinac Island is the destination of both the annual Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac, run by the Chicago Yacht Club, and the annual Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race, sponsored by the Bayview Yacht Club of Detroit.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure is determined by the production and drainage of aqueous humour by the ciliary body and its drainage via the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral outflow. The reason for this is because the vitreous humour in the posterior segment has a relatively fixed volume and thus does not affect intraocular pressure regulation.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Palpation is one of the oldest, simplest, and least expensive methods for approximate IOP measurement. Intraocular pressure is measured with a tonometer as part of a comprehensive eye examination.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Measured values of intraocular pressure are influenced by corneal thickness and rigidity. As a result, some forms of refractive surgery (such as photorefractive keratectomy) can cause traditional intraocular pressure measurements to appear normal when in fact the pressure may be abnormally high. A newer transpalpebral and transscleral tonometry method is not influenced by corneal biomechanics and does not need to be adjusted for corneal irregularities as measurement is done over upper eyelid and sclera.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Current consensus among ophthalmologists and optometrists defines normal intraocular pressure as that between 10 mmHg and 20 mmHg. The average value of intraocular pressure is 15.5 mmHg with fluctuations of about 2.75 mmHg.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Ocular hypertension (OHT) is defined by intraocular pressure being higher than normal, in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Ocular hypotension, hypotony, or ocular hypotony, is typically defined as intraocular pressure equal to or less than 5 mmHg. Such low intraocular pressure could indicate fluid leakage and deflation of the eyeball.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure varies throughout the night and day. The diurnal variation for normal eyes is between 3 and 6 mmHg and the variation may increase in glaucomatous eyes. During the night, intraocular pressure may not decrease despite the slower production of aqueous humour. Glaucoma patients' 24-hour IOP profiles may differ from those of healthy individuals.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: There is some inconclusive research that indicates that exercise could possibly affect IOP (some positively and some negatively).


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Playing some musical wind instruments has been linked to increases in intraocular pressure. A 2011 study focused on brass and woodwind instruments observed "temporary and sometimes dramatic elevations and fluctuations in IOP".


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Another study found that the magnitude of increase in intraocular pressure correlates with the intraoral resistance associated with the instrument, and linked intermittent elevation of intraocular pressure from playing high-resistance wind instruments to incidence of visual field loss.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: The range of intraoral pressure involved in various classes of ethnic wind instruments, such as Native American flutes, has been shown to be generally lower than Western classical wind instruments.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure also varies with a number of other factors such as heart rate, respiration, fluid intake, systemic medication and topical drugs. Alcohol and marijuana consumption leads to a transient decrease in intraocular pressure and caffeine may increase intraocular pressure.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Taken orally, glycerol (often mixed with fruit juice to reduce its sweet taste) can cause a rapid, temporary decrease in intraocular pressure. This can be a useful initial emergency treatment of severely elevated pressure.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: The depolarising muscle relaxant succinylcholine, which is used in anaesthesia, transiently increases IOP by around 10 mmHg for a few minutes. This is significant for example if the patient requires anaesthesia for a trauma and has sustained an eye (globe) perforation. The mechanism is not clear but it is thought to involve contraction of tonic myofibrils and transient dilation of choroidal blood vessels. Ketamine also increases IOP.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure has been measured as a reviewedary outcome in a systematic review comparing the effect of neuroprotective agents in slowing the progression of open angle glaucoma.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Differences in pressure between the two eyes are often clinically significant, and potentially associated with certain types of glaucoma, as well as iritis or retinal detachment.


title: Intraocular pressure

text: Intraocular pressure may become elevated due to anatomical problems, inflammation of the eye, genetic factors, or as a side-effect from medication. Intraocular pressure laws follow fundamentally from physics. Any kinds of intraocular surgery should be done by considering the intraocular pressure fluctuation. Sudden increase of intraocular pressure can lead to intraocular micro barotrauma and cause ischemic effects and mechanical stress to retinal nerve fiber layer. Sudden intraocular pressure drop can lead to intraocular decompression that generates micro bubbles that potentially cause multiple micro emboli and leading to hypoxia, ischemia and retinal micro structure damage.


title: Teala Dunn

text: Teala Dunn (born December 8, 1996) is an American actress and singer. She had a role in the TBS sitcom "Are We There Yet?" as Lindsey Kingston-Persons, taking Aleisha Allen's place.


title: Teala Dunn

text: Dunn is known for her role as a YouTube vlogger and was previously the best friend of fellow YouTuber Sierra Furtado, and she is also known for her recurring role as Juanita on the Nickelodeon television show, "The Naked Brothers Band", Kelsey on "The Thundermans", and as the voice of Turtle Tuck on "Wonder Pets!".


title: Teala Dunn

text: Dunn made a guest appearance in "". On the big screen, she was seen opposite Elle Fanning and Patricia Clarkson in "Phoebe in Wonderland", which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2008. Dunn also appeared with Felicity Huffman in "Transamerica", and was also heard as a bunny in Disney's "Enchanted".


title: Teala Dunn

text: Dunn appeared on "Shake It Up" as Dina's childhood nemesis, and also appeared on "Enlisted" as Command Sergeant Major Donald Cody's teenage daughter.


title: Mae Clarke

text: Mae Clarke (born Violet Mary Klotz; August 16, 1910 – April 29, 1992) was an American actress. She is widely remembered for playing Henry Frankenstein's bride Elizabeth, who is chased by Boris Karloff in "Frankenstein", and for being on the receiving end of James Cagney's halved grapefruit in "The Public Enemy". Both films were released in 1931.


title: Mae Clarke

text: Mae Clarke was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father was a theater organist. She studied dancing as a child and began on stage in vaudeville and also worked in night clubs.


title: Mae Clarke

text: Clarke started her professional career as a dancer in New York City, sharing a room with Barbara Stanwyck. She subsequently starred in many films for Universal Studios, including the original screen version of "The Front Page" (1931) and the first sound version of "Frankenstein" (1931), with Boris Karloff. Clarke played the role of Henry Frankenstein's fiancée, Elizabeth, who is attacked by the Monster (Karloff) on her wedding day.


title: Mae Clarke

text: "The Public Enemy", released that same year, contained one of cinema's most famous (and frequently parodied) scenes, in which James Cagney pushes a half grapefruit into Clarke's face, then goes out to pick up Jean Harlow. The film was so popular that it ran 24 hours a day at a theater in Times Square upon its initial release; scarcely 4 months after the premiere, "The Hollywood Reporter" informed readers that Clarke's ex-husband Lew Brice claimed to have seen the film more than 20 times (and at least twice a week), and that Brice "says he goes to see the scene wherein Mae Clarke gets hit in the eye with a grapefruit—and that it's a plazure!"


title: Mae Clarke

text: Clarke appeared as Myra Deauville in the 1931 pre-Code version of "Waterloo Bridge". In the film she portrays a young American woman who is forced by circumstance into a life of prostitution in World War I London; both the film and Clarke's performance were well received by the critics.


title: Mae Clarke

text: Clarke also appeared in the modest pre-Code Universal film "Night World" (1932), with Lew Ayres, Boris Karloff, Hedda Hopper, and George Raft. In 1933 she was the female lead in "Fast Workers", John Gilbert's last film as a contracted MGM star, and "Lady Killer" with James Cagney and Margaret Lindsay. That same year, she and actor Phillips Holmes were in a single-car accident that left Clarke with a broken jaw and facial scarring. Those injuries, however, did not end her film career, for she remained a leading lady for most of the 1930s. She was, though, increasingly cast in productions with lower budgets that lacked the status of her earlier films. Then, by 1940, Clarke slipped into supporting roles, although she did have a few last leading roles later in the decade, notably as the heroine in the Republic serial "King of the Rocket Men" (1949).


title: Mae Clarke

text: In the 1950s and 1960s, Clarke played uncredited bit parts in several notable films, including "Singin' in the Rain", "The Great Caruso", and "Thoroughly Modern Millie". Her last screen appearance was in the 1970 film "Watermelon Man".


title: Mae Clarke

text: On television, Clarke appeared in many episodic series, including "General Hospital", "Perry Mason" and "Batman". Clarke retired in 1970 and taught drama.


title: Mae Clarke

text: Clarke was married and divorced three times: to Fanny Brice's brother Lew Brice, Stevens Bancroft, and Herbert Langdon. All of the unions were childless.


title: Mae Clarke

text: In later years Clarke resided at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. Clarke died from cancer on April 29, 1992, at age 81. She is buried in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: Dance Plus 6 is the sixth season of reality show Dance Plus that premiered on 14 September 2021 on Disney+ Hotstar and streamed weekdays until 15 October 2021. It later premiered on Star Plus on 31 October 2021 and aired Every Sunday Night until 16 January 2022. It is produced by Urban Brew Studios in association with Frames Productions.


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: This season is judged by Remo D'Souza, its captains were Salman Yusuff Khan, Punit Pathak and Shakti Mohan, and it was hosted by Raghav Juyal.


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: From "Dance Plus" season 6, D'Souza added a new challenge for captains. Here Remo introduced a dance icon challenge with the winning team getting a new trophy called as "Battle Plus". The winning team gets a chance to perform/battle in the final showdown.


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: 1. A captain can score out of 10 and Super Judge Remo can score out of 20. Remo also had the power to give double plus to the team and the team got additional 10 points. <br>


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: 2. From season 6, D'Souza added a new challenge for captains. Here Remo introduced a dance icon challenge with the winning team getting a new trophy called as "Battle Plus". The winning team gets a chance to perform/battle in the final showdown along with top two teams from Captain's challenge round. <br>


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: 3. Second Round is Captain's challenge round. Each captain gave a challenge. One performer from each team performed. Top two scoring teams go for final showdown and performed with winning team of Battle Plus. <br>


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: 4. One performer from each team in final showdown performed. The winner of final showdown is decided by Remo. The team whose artist won the final showdown is the winner of that week. <br>


title: Dance Plus (season 6)

text: 5. Winning captain chose two performers from their team to advance as Finalists and Remo chose amongst them. <br>


title: Seleucia

text: Seleucia (; ), also known as or , was a major Mesopotamian city of the Seleucid empire. It stood on the west bank of the Tigris River, within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq.


title: Seleucia

text: Seleucia (, "Seleúkeia") is named for Seleucus I Nicator, who enlarged an earlier settlement and made it the capital of his empire around 305 BC. It was the largest and most important of the many cities to bear its name but is sometimes distinguished as or () from the name of its river.


title: Seleucia

text: Texts from the Church of the East's synods referred to the city as ' () or some times ' () when referring to the metropolis of Seleucia-Ctesiphon.


title: Seleucia

text: Seleucia, as such, was founded in about 305 BC, as the first capital of the Seleucid Empire by Seleucus I Nicator. Seleucus was one of the Diadochi successors of Alexander the Great who, after Alexander's death, divided his empire among themselves. Although Seleucus soon moved his main capital to Antioch, in northern Syria, Seleucia became an important center of trade, Hellenistic culture, and regional government under the Seleucids. The city was populated by Greeks, Syrians and Jews.


title: Seleucia

text: To make his capital into a metropolis, Seleucus forced almost all inhabitants of Babylon, except the local temple priests/supporting workers, to leave and resettle in Seleucia. A tablet dated 275 BC states that the inhabitants of Babylon were transported to Seleucia, where a palace and a temple (Esagila) were built. Standing at the confluence of the Tigris River with a major canal from the Euphrates, Seleucia was placed to receive traffic from both great waterways.


title: Seleucia

text: During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, it was one of the great Hellenistic cities, comparable to Alexandria in Egypt, and greater than Syrian Antioch. Excavations indicate that the walls of the city enclosed an area of at least , equivalent to a square roughly 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) on a side. Based on this size, the population has been estimated to number over 100,000 initially and probably more later. Its surrounding region might have supported half a million people.


title: Seleucia

text: Polybius (5,52ff) uses the Macedonian "peliganes" for the council of Seleucia, which implies a Macedonian colony, consistent with its rise to prominence under Seleucus I; Pausanias (1,16) records that Seleucus also settled Babylonians there. Archaeological finds support the presence of a large population not of Greek culture.


title: Seleucia

text: In 141 BC, the Parthians under Mithridates I conquered the city, and Seleucia became the western capital of the Parthian Empire. Tacitus described its walls, and mentioned that it was, even under Parthian rule, a fully Hellenistic city. Ancient texts claim that the city had 600,000 inhabitants, and was ruled by a senate of 300 people. It was clearly one of the largest cities in the Western world; only Rome, Alexandria, and possibly Antioch were more populous.


title: Seleucia

text: In 55 BC, a battle fought near Seleucia was crucial in establishing dynastic succession of the Arsacid kings. In this battle between the reigning Mithridates III (supported by a Roman army of Aulus Gabinius, governor of Syria) and the previously deposed Orodes II, the reigning monarch was defeated, allowing Orodes to re-establish himself as king. In 41 BC, Seleucia was the scene of a massacre of around 5,000 Babylonian Jewish refugees (Josephus, "Ant." xviii. 9, § 9).


title: Seleucia

text: In 117 AD, Seleucia was burned down by the Roman emperor Trajan during his conquest of Mesopotamia, but the following year it was ceded back to the Parthians by Trajan's successor, Hadrian, then rebuilt in the Parthian style. It was completely destroyed by the Roman general Avidius Cassius in 165.


title: Seleucia

text: Over sixty years later a new city, "Veh-Ardashir", was built across the river by Persian emperor Ardashir I. This new city was long believed to be located at Seleucia but was shown by Italian excavations to be a fresh construction separate from Seleucia and Ctesiphon. There were active Christian churches in Mesopotamia from the 1st century onwards and in the 3rd or 4th century Seleucia became an important centre.


title: Seleucia

text: Following the edict of toleration by the Persian Sassanian King Yazdegerd I, which for the time being brought an end to the persecution of Christians, which had lasted for 70 years, the remaining Christians set about reorganizing and strengthening the church.


title: Seleucia

text: The Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (The Synod of Mar Isaac) met in 410 AD under the presidency of Mar Isaac, the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon. The most important decision of the Synod which had a very far reaching effect on the life of the church, was to declare the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon as the primate of the Church of the East; and in recognition of this pre-eminence he was given the title ‘Catholicos’. The Synod confirmed Mar Isaac as Catholicos and Archbishop of all the Orient. The Synod also declared its adherence to the decision of the Council of Nicaea and subscribed to the Nicene Creed. The Canons of the Synod leave no doubt as to the authority of the great Metropolitan, the Catholicos of Seleucia-Ctesiphon. Without his approval, no election of bishop would be valid.


title: Seleucia

text: Towards the end of the reign of Yazdegerd I, the Christians were again persecuted in 420. Dadyeshu was elected Catholicos in 421 and himself suffered during the persecution and was imprisoned. When he was released he resigned and left Seleucia, but the church refused to accept the resignation and there followed the Synod of Dadyeshu, which met in 424 in Markabata of the Arabs under the presidency of Mar Dadyeshu. It proved to be one of the most significant of all Persian synods. The first synod of Isaac in 410 had decided that the Catholicos of Seleucia Ctesiphon be supreme among the bishops of the East. The Synod of Dadyeshu decided that the Catholicos should be the sole head of the Church of the East and that no ecclesiastical authority should be acknowledged above him. For the first time, this synod referred to the Catholicos as Patriarch and that their Catholicos was answerable to God alone. This had some effect in reassuring the Sasanian monarchy that the Persian Christians were not influenced by the Roman enemy.


title: Seleucia

text: The city eventually faded into obscurity and was swallowed by the desert sands, probably abandoned after the Tigris shifted its course.


title: Seleucia

text: Beginning in 1927, University of Michigan professors Leroy Waterman (1927–1932) and Clark Hopkins (1936–1937) oversaw excavations for the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology on behalf of the American School of Oriental Research of Baghdad with funds supplied by the Toledo Museum of Art and the Cleveland Museum of Art.


title: Seleucia

text: From 1964 to 1968 and then between 1985 and 1989, an Italian mission from the University of Turin directed by Antonio Invernizzi and Giorgio Gullini excavated at the site. They found a Seleucid archive building with about 30,000 seal impressions, all in a fully Greek style.


title: Seleucia

text: In an outer wall of the Parthian period, a reused brick dated by stamp to 821 BC, during the Neo-Assyrian period.


title: Seleucia

text: It appears to have incorporated both Greek and Mesopotamian architecture for the public buildings. Finds have indicated an extensive non-Greek population.


title: FC Edmonton

text: FC Edmonton was a Canadian professional soccer club based in Edmonton, Alberta. The club was founded in 2010 and competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 2011 to 2017. The club went on hiatus when NASL ceased competitive operations before the cancelled 2018 season. FC Edmonton competed in the Canadian Premier League from the league's inaugural season in 2019 until 2022. From 2012 onward, FC Edmonton's home field had been Clarke Stadium.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In February 2010, FC Edmonton was launched by brothers Tom Fath and Dave Fath as founding members of the North American Soccer League. The club spent the first year playing exhibition matches against teams including Colo Colo, the Spokane Spiders and Vitória, with a squad mostly represented by Albertan college students and amateur players. The team also played an honorary match against the Canadian Armed Forces on Canada Day in July.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In December 2010, head coach Dwight Lodeweges and his assistant Hans Schrijver left the club before competing in a professional game to take a job in Japan. He was replaced by fellow Dutchman Harry Sinkgraven shortly after.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In January 2012, FC Edmonton started a male youth academy, and in September 2013 launched a female youth academy in partnership with the Alberta Soccer Association.


title: FC Edmonton

text: On April 9, 2011, the team played its first competitive game and recorded a 2–1 victory against Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Alberta-native Shaun Saiko scored the first goal in the club's history. Edmonton finished their inaugural season in fifth out of eight teams and qualified for the 2011 NASL Playoffs quarterfinals, but were knocked out in a 5–0 defeat against the Fort Lauderdale Strikers.


title: FC Edmonton

text: Schrijver returned to the club as assistant head coach for the 2012 season, but just five wins from 28 games finished the club at the bottom of the table. In September 2012, both Sinkgraven and Schrijver were released due to the bad results. On November 27, Colin Miller was named as the club's new head coach.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The club saw slight improvement during Miller's first year in charge, finishing fifth in the spring season before slipping to seventh in the fall season. However, the 2014 season saw considerable improvement for the club. After struggling at ninth in the spring season, Edmonton recorded their best ever league finish at third place during the fall season.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The 2015 season brought a similar scenario for the club. After a 10th-place finish in the spring season, the Eddies bounced back to finish fifth in the fall season, missing a playoff position by just four points. Edmonton improved further for the 2016 season, finishing third in both the spring and fall seasons. The club missed out on topping the spring season table by a single point after both Indy Eleven and the New York Cosmos recorded 18 points.


title: FC Edmonton

text: FC Edmonton returned to its former ways during the 2017 season and struggled to seventh-placed finishes in both the spring and fall seasons. On November 24, 2017, the club ceased professional operations citing the sustainability of the team and "continuous uncertainty being forced upon the NASL by the United States Soccer Federation". FC Edmonton continued to run their academies in hope of re-establishing the professional team at a later date.


title: FC Edmonton

text: On June 5, 2018, it was announced that the newly formed Canadian Premier League had approved the city of Edmonton for a professional club to compete in the league. Three days later, FC Edmonton announced their return to professional soccer. As well as confirming their place in the league for the 2019 season, the club revealed a new crest and branding. On July 3, the club named former assistant coach and academy technical director Jeff Paulus as the new head coach. The club finished fourth out of seven teams in the inaugural CPL season.


title: FC Edmonton

text: Following a last-place finish in the 2020 season, Jeff Paulus resigned as head coach and general manager. On November 2, 2020, Eric Newendorp was named club president and general manager.


title: FC Edmonton

text: FC Edmonton struggled again on the pitch in 2021 with new head coach Alan Koch, finishing seventh of eight and consistently drawing crowds of fewer than 1,000 people. On December 31, 2021, the league announced that it had taken over operations of the club from the Fath's, with an aim to find a new ownership group.


title: FC Edmonton

text: On February 8, 2022, it was announced that club president Eric Newendorp had left the club and was replaced by former Edmonton Oilers executive Jeff Harrop. The majority of Edmonton's roster in 2022 was players on loan from other CPL clubs. The team finished the season in last place, recording just 4 wins in 28 matches. Following the season the CPL terminated the Fath Group's rights to operate the team in the CPL and said that the league will not operate a team in the Edmonton market for the 2023 season.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The team began playing its home games at Foote Field, a 3,500-seater stadium viewed as the centrepiece of a multi-purpose sports facility on the University of Alberta campus. Initially built as a legacy facility for the 2001 World Championships, it was named after University of Alberta alumnus Eldon Foote, who donated $2 million towards the construction costs.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In 2012, the team moved into Clarke Stadium, the former home of the Edmonton Drillers, the Edmonton Brick Men, and the Edmonton Aviators. The club soon expanded the capacity from 1,200 to over 5,000 with temporary seat-back and bleacher seating, and tried to find a permanent solution to bring the capacity up to 15,000.


title: FC Edmonton

text: Between 2011 and 2013, FC Edmonton played three games at Commonwealth Stadium, a much larger stadium with a capacity of 60,081. Two games were also played at SMS Equipment Stadium in 2015 as an opportunity to increase the club's exposure in Fort McMurray.


title: FC Edmonton

text: To meet the demands of the Canadian Premier League, FC Edmonton asked the City of Edmonton to help increase the capacity at Clarke Field to 7,000. The club cited that "the decision to join will bring in more fans as rivalries between national teams will be much stronger than the club experienced when it was in the North American Soccer League". In June 2018, FC Edmonton announced they would play at Clarke Stadium for the 2019 season, with seating capacity increased to 5,100.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The club's original shield was quartered black and blue, fimbriated silver, and bordured white and silver, with a black and white soccer ball in the centre. A partial, stylized red maple leaf in the crest position, and a blue ribbon, bearing the club's name, was placed overall. The club adopted the shade of blue used by City of Edmonton, and the shape of the shield mirrored the municipal coat of arms.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The club relaunched with a new logo to compete in the Canadian Premier League. The shape of shield is unchanged, but the look is completely different. The field is dark blue, with a bend sinister in chief. The main charge is a stylized FCE, that includes representation of the North Saskatchewan River, and the letters double for the club's name and main beliefs, family, courage and energy. The FCE is ensigned by the words FC Edmonton, and 2010 for the year the club was founded, with a single rabbit's foot print in the base between the 20 and 10.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The official club colours are blue, navy and white (branded by the club as "prairie blue sky," "River City navy," and "white rabbit.") These colours symbolize the sky of the Canadian Prairies, the North Saskatchewan River and the Rally Rabbit.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The FC Edmonton Supporters Group was formed in early 2010 by five members of The Voyageurs, a Canadian national team supporters group, in response to the announcement that an Edmonton team would compete in the North American Soccer League in 2011. The group aimed to bring a 'European-style' atmosphere to games in a similar manner to the Red Patch Boys in Toronto and the Vancouver Southsiders. The group folded in September 2018, with the creation of the River Valley Vanguard.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In December 2017, YEG for CPL was created as a group of passionate supporters hoping to persuade the club to join the Canadian Premier League. The group were recognized by owners Tom Fath and Dave Fath, and general manager Jay Ball, as part of the reason the club returned to professional soccer. At his official unveiling as head coach, Jeff Paulus praised the group saying "I'm grateful to the YEG for CPL members and all those who fought to save this club".


title: FC Edmonton

text: In September 2018, after the success of the YEG for CPL campaign, the River Valley Vanguard was created. The new supporters group is headquartered at 1st Round in Downtown Edmonton.


title: FC Edmonton

text: The Rally Rabbit has been an important part of the club's culture since its inception in 2011. On June 26, the club faced the Montreal Impact at Foote Field before they left the North American Soccer League for Major League Soccer. Kyle Porter opened the scoring in the fifth minute but FC Edmonton looked likely to tire under the pressure of the Impact. In the later stages of the game, a rabbit made its way onto the pitch and sat in front of the Montreal goal. Home supporters cheered for the rabbit and the Edmonton players did not seem bothered, but the visiting team could not stop trying to chase the rabbit off the field. The team failed to regain their focus and FC Edmonton saw out the victory. The rabbit has since made several unscripted appearances and is always welcomed by cheers from the crowd, seen by supporters as a measure of good luck. The Rally Rabbit has also been known as Eddie Bunny or Eddie Jackalope.


title: FC Edmonton

text: During their time in the North American Soccer League, FC Edmonton's main rivalry was with Ottawa Fury, the only other Canadian team competing in the league when they joined in 2014. The meetings between the two sides were named "The Battle of Canada" and occurred in both the league and the Canadian Championship. The two teams met every year in the preliminary round over two legs, with the first ever meeting ending in a goalless draw on April 23, 2014. A week later, FC Edmonton won 3–1 in the home leg with two goals from Daryl Fordyce and one from Hanson Boakai. The first league derby between the two teams took place on May 31, with Ottawa Fury emerging as 1–0 victors after scoring a 90th-minute goal. The second meeting on July 13 saw a goalless draw as Ottawa Fury played with ten men for over 30 minutes, before FC Edmonton recorded their first league victory against the Fury with a 2–0 win on October 18.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In 2011, a friendly rivalry was also formed over the course of the season between FC Edmonton and the NSC Minnesota Stars. In the aftermath of the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire in Alberta, a Minnesota supporters group raised money for affected families. This was reciprocated by an Edmonton supporters group who donated to the American Red Cross after a series of tornadoes which affected Minnesota. These events formed the rivalry between the teams, and the supporters groups created the Flyover Cup. The name was chosen because Edmonton and Minnesota lie in the flight paths of transcontinental flights, but are often passed over by tourists. The symbol of the cup is a loon, being an unofficial national bird of Canada and also the state bird of Minnesota.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In 2018, the FC Edmonton Academy played provincial rivals the Calgary Foothills FC in two friendly games to help them prepare for their upcoming season. The fixtures were also used to gauge Edmonton's interest into a potential return to join the Canadian Premier League. The series was suggested by supporters groups from the two clubs and dubbed "Al Classico", inspired by the El Clásico rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona. The rivalry continued between FC Edmonton and Cavalry FC when the Canadian Premier League began in April 2019.


title: FC Edmonton

text: When the club competed in the North American Soccer League, FC Edmonton matches were broadcast by a variety of distributors on various formats. Radio commentaries were broadcast on The Team 1260, the local sports radio station, from 2011 to 2013. In 2013, matches were televised on Sportsnet 360. Matches were also previously available to view free through the team's Ustream channel until the introduction of NASL Live, a paid-subscription service, which was subsequently abandoned.


title: FC Edmonton

text: In 2016 and 2017, Canadian viewers could stream matches for free at NASL.com while American viewers required subscriptions to various broadcasters including ESPN3, beIN Sports and the CBS Sports Network.


title: FC Edmonton

text: Under the Canadian Premier League's media rights, all matches are streamed on the subscription service OneSoccer.


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: Gerardo Mejía (born April 16, 1965), better known by his mononym Gerardo, is an Ecuadorian-born American rapper, singer and actor who later became a recording industry executive, and more recently a pastor. Born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, he moved with his family to Glendale, California, when he was 12 years old.


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: Based in Los Angeles, California, Gerardo became known for his bandana, skintight jeans, locking, and shirtless torso. He sometimes refers to himself as the "Latin Elvis" or the "Latin Frank Sinatra".


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: Gerardo's first major appearance in show business was as Ricky in the 1987 feature film "Can't Buy Me Love". He was later cast as the character Bird in the 1988 film "Colors", about South Central Los Angeles gang violence. This was also the first time his dance skills were showcased, in one of the party scenes; however, he did not sing at any point in the film.


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: His hit single "Rico Suave" appeared on his 1991 debut album, "Mo' Ritmo". The album peaked at No. 36 on the Billboard 200 chart in June 1991; the single had peaked at No. 7 in April. This song, as well as some others of Gerardo's, include verses with lines in both English and Spanish. Although his following single "We Want the Funk" (a semi-remake of Parliament's "Give Up the Funk") peaked at No. 16, the popularity of "Rico Suave" has made Gerardo known as a one-hit wonder via sources including MTV, VH1, "Synthesis Magazine" and even Gerardo himself.


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: As an A&R executive at Interscope Records, Gerardo signed rapper Bubba Sparxxx. More recently, in a 2013 appearance on Katie Couric's show "Katie", Gerardo discussed his newest life focus as a Christian youth pastor. He was ordained as a pastor at Praise Chapel in Kansas City and now pastors a church House of Grace in Ashland, Kentucky.


title: Gerardo (musician)

text: Gerardo is married to Kathy Eicher, a former pageant titleholder who was Miss West Virginia USA 1989, and they have three children: Nadia, Bianca, and Jaden. Nadia is a model who competed in pageants like her mother, and won the title of Miss California USA 2016. They also have a granddaughter, Lily. They live in Kentucky.


title: Garamantes

text: The Garamantes (; ) were an ancient civilisation based primarily in present-day Libya. They most likely descended from Iron Age Berber tribes from the Sahara, although the earliest known record of their existence dates to the fifth century BC. Little remains of their civilization, as their epigraphy is nearly indecipherable; much of what is known comes from contemporaneous Greek and Roman foreign accounts and modern archaeological findings.


title: Garamantes

text: The Garamantes emerged as a major regional power in the mid-second century AD, establishing a kingdom that spanned roughly in the Fezzan region of southern Libya. Their growth and expansion rested on a complex and extensive qanat irrigation system (known as "foggaras" in Berber), which supported a strong agricultural economy and large population. They subsequently developed the first urban society in a major desert that was not centered on a river system; their largest town, Garama, had a population of around four thousand, with an additional six thousand living in surrounding suburban areas.


title: Garamantes

text: At its height, the Garamantian kingdom "... enjoy[ed] a standard of living far superior to that of any other ancient Saharan society". The Garamantes annexed and dominated surrounding tribes and relied heavily on enslaved people for their prosperity. The state began to decline in the fifth century as their source of water diminished, causing their kingdom to fragment and ultimately become annexed by surrounding powers.


title: Garamantes

text: Until the mid-20th century, the Garamantes were believed to be a small and minor desert tribe. Beginning in the 1960s, archaeological excavations have revealed that the Garamantes were "brilliant farmers, resourceful engineers, and enterprising merchants who produced a remarkable civilization".


title: Garamantes

text: The Garamantes were probably present as a tribe in the Fezzan by 1000 BC. They appear in the written record for the first time in the 5th century BC. According to Herodotus, they were "a very great nation" who herded cattle, farmed dates, and hunted the Ethiopian cave-dwellers who lived in the desert, from four-horse chariots. Roman depictions describe them as bearing ritual scars and tattoos. Tacitus wrote that they assisted the rebel Tacfarinas and raided Roman coastal settlements. According to Pliny the Elder, Romans eventually grew tired of Garamantian raiding and Lucius Cornelius Balbus captured fifteen of their settlements in 19 BC. In 202, Septimius Severus captured the capital city of Garama.


title: Garamantes

text: By around 150 AD, the Garamantian kingdom (in today's central Libya (Fezzan), principally along the still existing Wadi al-Ajal), covered 180,000 square kilometres in modern-day southern Libya. It lasted from about 400 BC to 600 AD.


title: Garamantes

text: The decline of the Garamantian culture may have been connected to worsening climatic conditions, or overuse of water resources. What is desert today was once fairly good agricultural land and was enhanced through the Garamantian irrigation system 1,500 years ago. As fossil water is a non-renewable resource, over the six centuries of the Garamantian kingdom, the ground water level fell. The kingdom declined and fragmented.


title: Garamantes

text: The last news about Garamantes dates back to the 6th to 7th century. From Byzantine sources it is known that in 569 their king, probably a client king of the Byzantines, accepted Christianity. Muslim documents later state that in 668, the king of the Garamants was imprisoned and dragged away in chains. Eventually the whole region was absorbed into the area of Islamic influence.


title: Garamantes

text: In the 1960s, archaeologists excavated part of the Garamantes' capital at modern Germa (situated around 150 km west of modern-day Sabha) and named it "Garama" (an earlier capital, Zinchecra, was located not far from the later Garama). Current research indicates that the Garamantes had about eight major towns, three of which have been examined . In addition they had a large number of other settlements. Garama had a population of around four thousand and another six thousand living in villages within a 5 km radius.


title: Garamantes

text: The Garamantes were farmers and merchants. Their diet consisted of grapes, figs, barley, and wheat. They traded wheat, salt, and slaves in exchange for imported wine, olive oil, oil lamps and Roman tableware. According to Strabo and Pliny, the Garamantes quarried amazonite in the Tibesti Mountains. In 2011, Nikita et al. reported that Garamantes skeletons do not suggest regular warfare or strenuous activities. "The Garamantes exhibited low sexual dimorphism in the upper limbs, which is consistent to the pattern found in agricultural populations and implies that the engagement of males in warfare and construction works was not particularly intense. [...] the Garamantes did not appear systematically more robust than other North African populations occupying less harsh environments, indicating that life in the Sahara did not require particularly strenuous daily activities."


title: Garamantes

text: Archaeological ruins associated with the Garamantian kingdom include numerous tombs, forts, and cemeteries. The Garamantes constructed a network of tunnels, and shafts to mine the fossil water from under the limestone layer under the desert sand. The dating of these foggara is disputed, they appear between 200 BC to 200 AD but continued to be in use until at least the 7th century and perhaps later. The network of tunnels is known to Berbers as "Foggaras". The network allowed agriculture to flourish, and used a system of slave labor to keep it maintained. Marta Mirazón Lahr conducted research on skeletons from Fezzan dating to the Roman era and found that the skeletons most closely matched Neolithic Sahelian samples, from Chad, Mali, and Niger. Lahr associates these remains with the Garamantes, and concludes that the Garamantes had connections with both the Sahel and northern Africa. In 2011, the biological affinities of the Garamantes were examined using cranial nonmetric traits and the Mean Measure of Divergence and Mahalanobis D(2). They were compared to other North African populations, including the Egyptian, Algerian, Tunisian and Sudanese, roughly contemporary to them. Overall, three clusters were identified: (1) the Garamantes, (2) Gizeh and Kerma, and (3) Soleb, Alexandrians, Algerians and Carthagians. The analysis concluded that the Garamantes were isolated, with the Sahara playing a role as a barrier to geneflow. The distance between the Garamantes and their neighbors was high and the population appeared to be an outlier.


title: Buffalo Stance

text: "Buffalo Stance" is a song by Swedish singer Neneh Cherry, released from her debut album, "Raw Like Sushi" (1989), in November 1988. The song peaked at 3 on both the UK Singles Chart and the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and it reached No. 1 in her native Sweden and the Netherlands. An early version of the song appeared as the B-side on the 1986 Stock, Aitken, and Waterman-produced single "Looking Good Diving" by duo Morgan-McVey, which was made up of Jamie Morgan and Cherry's future husband Cameron McVey. The song, titled "Looking Good Diving with the Wild Bunch", was sung by Cherry.


title: Buffalo Stance

text: Morgan says the B-side was written using elements from the single's A-side, most notably Phil Ramacon's distinctive ascending keyboard hook, with Cherry writing the rap, while he supplied lyrics for the sung chorus. He says that no one working on the track recognised its hit potential, which was only reconsidered after his chance encounter at The Wag nightclub with DJ Tim Simenon, who expressed interest in reworking the song.


title: Buffalo Stance

text: The song title refers to "Buffalo", a group of photographers, models, musicians, hair and makeup artists, etc. formed by fashion stylist Ray Petri, of which group Cherry, Morgan, and McVey were all members. A buffalo stance is, Cherry told "The New York Times", "an attitude you have to have in order to get by. It's not about fashion but about survival in inner cities and elsewhere." The song's title is also a reference to the Malcolm McLaren song "Buffalo Gals" (1982), which "Buffalo Stance" samples. Other samples came from Rock Steady Crew's "Hey You", and the saxophone break is from the band Miami's song "Chicken Yellow" (1974).


title: Buffalo Stance

text: Cherry performed the song live on "Top of the Pops" while seven-months pregnant. When asked by a reporter if it were safe for her to go up on stage performing, Cherry answered: "Yes, of course! It's not an illness."


title: Buffalo Stance

text: Andy Kellman from AllMusic described the song as "at once a personal manifesto and celebration and critique of city-street peacocking". Annie Zaleski from "The A.V. Club" called it an "unstoppable, electro-hip-hop hybrid". She stated, "With smart samples and swaggering production from Bomb the Bass—not to mention fiercely feminist lyrics that demand respect and assert independence—“Buffalo Stance” remains one of the best singles of the ’80s." Angus Taylor for BBC noted "its undulating synths, "You go girl!" sentiments and killer hooks is every bit the floor-filler it was ten years ago." Kieran Yates from "The Guardian" called it a "punchy manifesto". A reviewer from "People" wrote, that "over a prominent drum-machine beat and minimal synthesized accompaniment, her raw voice half-sings, half-raps, mock-tough lyrics." The reviewer added that "when she sticks to that formula, singing about infatuation and seduction on the city's mean sidewalks" as on "Buffalo Stance", "she's fresh and inviting."


title: Buffalo Stance

text: Pop Rescue commented that "it’s (OMG!) got a female rapper, record scratching, and a fast beat, and this was a fresh sound. Only Salt-N-Pepa could have got close." Lesley Chow from "The Quietus" said that on the song, "Cherry already comes across as a fully formed artist: powerful and casually multicultural, as we might expect from an African-Swedish singer raised in Yorkshire and Long Island." She added that it is "a song of many moods, as Cherry goes on to alternate between anger and softness, anti-materialism and a high fashion attitude. A rising synth figure bubbles us up to a heavenly chorus ("No money man can win my love/ It's sweetness that I'm thinking of") which shows a rare tenderness in the narrator. Even though the track has been unrelenting up to now, the bubbling and the melody expose an underlying effervescence."


title: Buffalo Stance

text: "Q Magazine" ranked "Buffalo Stance" No. 606 in their list of the "1001 Best Songs Ever" in 2003. "The Daily Telegraph" placed it at No. 37 in their "Top 50 Dance Songs" list in 2015.


title: Buffalo Stance

text: "The Guardian" put it at No. 8 in their list of "The greatest ever female rap tracks – ranked!" in 2018, while "Time Out" listed the song at No. 13 in their "The 50 best '80s songs" list same year.


title: Buffalo Stance

text: "Rolling Stone" ranked "Buffalo Stance" No. 412 in their list of "500 Best Songs of All Time" in 2021 and No. 71 in their "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time" in 2022.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Nicknamed "The Fireball Kid", Gomi had a ten-fight winning streak spanning 2004 to 2006 in Pride FC, the longest in the organization's history. During this streak, Gomi knocked out Ralph Gracie in six seconds, the quickest knockout victory in Pride FC history. Gomi later defeated Tatsuya Kawajiri (voted Pride FC's Fight of the Year), Luiz Azeredo, and Hayato Sakurai en route to becoming Pride FC's 2005 Lightweight Grand Prix Winner, after which he was awarded the Pride FC Lightweight Championship. At Pride Bushido 13, Gomi successfully defended the title against Marcus Aurélio.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Throughout both his record-breaking Pride FC and Shooto championship reigns, Gomi was considered to be the top lightweights in the world and is regarded as one of the greatest lightweight fighters in the history of mixed martial arts.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi was born in Kanagawa, Japan in 1978 and started boxing at Sagamihara Yonekura Gym in 1994 while he was attending Kanagawa Prefectural Aikawa Higashi Junior High School. Gomi was athletic and the pitcher of the school's baseball team, but dropped out of high school in 1996 when he failed to pass on to the next grade. This caused an argument between Gomi and his father who disowned him as a result of the incident. Gomi then went on to learn freestyle wrestling and catch wrestling at Kiguchi Dojo and competed in many wrestling tournaments throughout Japan, the pinnacle of his grappling career being his four All-Japan Combat Wrestling championships, in which he defeated a number of the nation's top grapplers, future opponent Mitsuhiro Ishida amongst them.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi joined the official Shooto gym in 1997 where he began training and taking part in the amateur Shooto competitions. He made his professional mixed martial arts debut on November 27, 1998 at "Shooto Las Grandes Viajes 6" in Tokyo, where he defeated Hiroshi Tsuruya by decision. Gomi won his first 14 MMA matches, mostly in the Shooto organization, but also fought in Vale Tudo Japan and in the Hawaiian-based organization SuperBrawl.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi became the Shooto World Lightweight Champion in 2001 after defeating former teammate Rumina Sato by unanimous decision on December 16. Gomi then defeated highly regarded American grappler Chris Brennan on September 16, 2002 via unanimous decision. He also defended the Shooto crown in 2002, beating Dokonjonosuke Mishima by TKO in the second round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi's first loss was also his last fight in Shooto for six years. It took place on August 10, 2003 at the Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium. Gomi lost his title to Norwegian fighter Joachim Hansen by majority decision. This loss was considered a huge upset at the time due to Hansen's 6–1–1 record in MMA.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi then fought former UFC Welterweight Champion, and former UFC Lightweight Champion B.J. Penn on October 10, 2003 at the "Rumble on the Rock 4" event in Honolulu, Hawaii. His first fight under unified rules, Gomi was defeated in the third round by rear-naked choke submission.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: After back-to-back losses, Gomi found a new home in Japan's biggest MMA organization, the Pride Fighting Championships. He made his debut within the organization on February 15, 2004 at "Pride Bushido 2" where he fought Jadyson Costa of the famed Chute Boxe team out of Brazil. Gomi stopped Costa via TKO halfway through the first round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi was asked back to Pride to face off with the undefeated Ralph Gracie at "Pride Bushido 3". Gracie was the first coach of B.J. Penn, one of Gomi's losses. Unlike his fight with Penn, Gomi made quick work of Gracie, scoring a six-second KO in the first round, the quickest match in the organization's history, due to repeated knee strikes.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi remained within the "Bushido" series, fighting and defeating both Fábio Mello and Charles "Crazy Horse" Bennett in the first round at "Pride Bushido 4" and "Pride Bushido 5". Mello later noted that, "Apart from being a good wrestler and a fine striker, Gomi knows how to defend on the ground. He is a complete fighter who, due to his MMA experience, grows as the bout unfolds."


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi then appeared at Pride's New Year's Eve show, "Pride Shockwave 2004", against former UFC Lightweight Champion Jens Pulver. Gomi scored a knockout with an uppercut at 6:21 in the first round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi started off 2005 with a win over Luiz Azeredo at "Pride Bushido 7". Azeredo dominated the fight from the opening bell with knees, punches, and flying kicks, but at the 3:46 mark of the first round, Gomi caught Luiz with two hooks that sent the Chute Boxe fighter to the mat. Gomi was then criticized for continuing to attack, even after Azeredo became unconscious, and was restrained by Dream Stage Entertainment (DSE) crew and staff. The Chute Boxe team stormed the ring and got into an altercation with Kiguchi Dojo. Gomi later stated that the extracurricular attack was due to adrenaline and apologized for his actions.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Wanting to capitalize on the altercation at "Pride Bushido 7" and Gomi's wins over Chute Boxe team members Jadson Costa and Luiz Azeredo, Pride set Gomi up with Chute Box Lightweight Jean Silva at "Pride Bushido 8". Gomi won the fight by unanimous decision, securing an armbar in the waning seconds of the fight.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: In August, Pride announced that in the month of September they would be hosting an eight-man Lightweight tournament. The first round set up Gomi with fellow Japanese fighter Tatsuya Kawajiri. This fight was billed "the battle of the twenty first century boys" in Japan due to the popularity and world-class match up of the two fighters. Many MMA critics had Gomi ranked number one and Kawajiri number two in the Lightweight division. Gomi submitted Kawajiri in the first round with a rear-naked choke. Gomi then had to fight again later that night in the semi-finals against Luiz Azeredo. Gomi won via unanimous decision, becoming a finalist in the 2005 Lightweight Grand Prix.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi met the other finalist, Hayato Sakurai, at "Pride Shockwave 2005". Sakurai and Gomi were teammates at the official Shooto gym back in the late 1990s. Sakurai defeated Jens Pulver and Joachim Hansen to reach the finals. After some exchanges on their feet, Sakurai tried to take Gomi down with a hip toss, but on the way down, Gomi ended up on top in the mount. "The Fireball Kid" began to rain down punches, and after taking many shots Sakurai twisted to escape, giving his back to Gomi. Finally Sakurai escaped and both fighters were on their feet, but the punches had taken their toll on Sakurai. Gomi threw a right hand and then followed up with a left-right combination. The last right hook caught Sakurai on the chin, knocking him out at 3:56 of the first round. Gomi was crowned the Pride 2005 Lightweight Grand Prix Champion. The KO win helped Gomi earn 2005 Fighter of the Year honors from Sherdog, an honor he shared with Mauricio "Shogun" Rua.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi then made his 2006 debut at "Pride Bushido 10". Before the event, DSE announced that Gomi would be crowned the Pride Lightweight Champion due to winning the Pride 2005 Lightweight Grand Prix, although the upcoming "Bushido 10" fight would not be a title match. He then faced Marcus Aurelio of American Top Team later that night. Aurelio choked out Gomi within the first round with an arm triangle. This match-up was a huge upset and put doubt within Gomi's ability to fight off of his back. Although Aurelio won the match, it was a non-title bout, with Gomi remaining the Pride Lightweight Champion. Gomi said he took the match too easily and that this loss was the best thing for him to refocus and become a better fighter.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: After a few months off while building his "Rascal Gym", Gomi made his return to the Pride ring at "Pride Bushido 12" against 10–1 French fighter David Baron. Baron seemed willing to trade with Gomi and managed to slip some punches. Eventually Gomi caught up with him and knocked the Frenchman down, mixing up punches to the head and body. Baron missed a takedown attempt, allowing Gomi to get around his back and slam Baron to the ground. Baron rolled in an attempt to shake off his Japanese opponent, but Gomi held on, sinking in a rear-naked choke. Baron defended the choke as long as he could, but eventually Gomi completed the technique, forcing Baron to tap at the 7:10 mark of the first round. Baron had previously won a tournament in Europe for the right to face Gomi.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi rematched Aurelio at "Pride Bushido 13" on November 5, 2006. This time the Pride Lightweight Championship was on the line. Both fighters were extremely cautious, and many times the referee could be heard calling for more action during the bout. Aurelio's jab was effective and hit the champion several times. Gomi, often switching his stance, replied with strikes of his own and landed numerous leg kicks. Several times the American Top Team fighter ended up on his back after failed takedown attempts. Rather than follow him down, Gomi just kicked Aurelio's legs until the referee would stand the action back up.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Aurelio scored a clean takedown at the end of the first round, though. Aurelio attempted another takedown in the second, only to see "The Fireball Kid" counter with a kimura. Gomi showed shades of his past catch wrestling accolades when he countered another Aurelio takedown attempt with a half-nelson. He did not follow Aurelio to the ground, instead attacking his legs with kicks. Gomi refused to follow Aurelio to the ground despite his opponent's taunting. Gomi knocked down Aurelio with a body shot late in the last round, and the bout ended with Gomi connecting with a hard kick to Aurelio's body just before the final bell. The fight went to the judges and Gomi retained his title, walking away with the split decision.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi's earned a first round knockout against Mitsuhiro Ishida at "Pride Shockwave 2006". Less than a minute into the fight Gomi countered a right leg kick from Ishida with a straight left punch that knocked him down. Gomi immediately went in for the finish, stopping Ishida with a series of hammer fists.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: At "Pride 33", Gomi suffered a loss to UFC veteran Nick Diaz by way of gogoplata submission. In the beginning of the first round, Gomi was landing blows on the taller Diaz, even scoring a knockdown, which he was unable to capitalize upon. However, Diaz came back quickly and began to bombard Gomi, who had become visibly exhausted, with straight jabs and right hands for the later half of the round. As the second round opened, Gomi gamely tried to regain lost ground, but after a double leg takedown into Diaz's guard, suddenly found himself in a gogoplata submission. The lightweight champion tapped out at 1:46 of the second round. However, the Nevada State Athletic Commission has declared the fight a "no contest" after Diaz tested positive for marijuana.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: After Zuffa, the parent company of the UFC, purchased Pride Fighting Championships from Dream Stage Entertainment, Gomi signed on with World Victory Road, and fought in its inaugural event, "Sengoku", where he defeated Duane Ludwig by TKO (cut).


title: Takanori Gomi

text: He then fought at World Victory Road's Sengoku 4 on August 24, 2008 against Sung Hwan Pang. Gomi won the contest via Unanimous Decision. Gomi competed on November 1, 2008 where he lost a split decision to Russian fighter Sergey Golyaev at . It was the Upset of the Year for 2008 according to Sherdog.com. He then fought Satoru Kitaoka on January 4, 2009 for the Sengoku lightweight championship. Gomi was defeated at 1:41 by Achilles lock.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: On May 10, 2009, he returned to Shooto at "Shooto: Tradition Final" where he faced the Shooto Champion at the time in a non title bout, Takashi Nakakura. Gomi won via KO in the second round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: His next fight was then set to for Affliction Entertainment at "", with his opponent being Rafaello Oliveira, but the event was ultimately canceled.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: In October 2009, Gomi fought and defeated Tony Hervey at Shooto's Vale Tudo Japan 2009. Gomi said that the fight would be his last fight in Japan before moving to the US.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: On January 1, 2010, it was announced that Gomi had signed with the UFC. Gomi faced Kenny Florian in his UFC debut at UFC Fight Night 21 and was submitted by Florian via rear-naked choke in the third round after being dominated by jabs and body shots for two rounds.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi was expected to face Joe Stevenson on August 1, 2010 at . However, Stevenson suffered an injury while training and was replaced by Tyson Griffin. Gomi defeated Griffin via one punch KO at 1:04 of the first round. Gomi caught Griffin with a left cross following up with a right hook causing Griffin to fall face first into the canvas where Gomi then followed up onto Griffin's back with few short punches before the fight was stopped. He is the first person to have stopped Griffin via knockout as all of Griffin's previous losses have gone to a decision. Gomi also was awarded "Knockout Of The Night" bonus for his performance.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Clay Guida at UFC 125. After a very one-sided first round, he was defeated by Guida via guillotine choke in the second round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Nate Diaz on September 24, 2011 at UFC 135 where he lost late in the first round by submission due to an armbar.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi was expected to face George Sotiropoulos on February 26, 2012 at UFC 144 but the Australian fighter pulled out after sustaining an injury. Gomi instead faced Eiji Mitsuoka and won via TKO in the second round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi defeated Mac Danzig via split decision on November 10, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 6. Gomi, keeping true to his plead, came into the fight in considerably better shape and showcased a drastically improved game including taking Danzig down a few times.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Diego Sanchez on March 3, 2013 at UFC on Fuel TV 8. Gomi lost a controversial split decision to Sanchez. 12 of 12 media outlets scored the bout in favor of Gomi. Even UFC President, Dana White, had expressed on Twitter that he felt Sanchez did not do enough to win the decision.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Isaac Vallie-Flagg on April 26, 2014 at UFC 172. He won the fight via unanimous decision. The win also earned Gomi his second "Fight of the Night" bonus award.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi next faced Myles Jury on September 20, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 52. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round, resulting in the first knockout loss of his career.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Joe Lauzon on July 25, 2015 at UFC on Fox 16. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi was released from UFC on October 23, 2017. He had a record of 4 wins and 9 losses with the UFC. He lost the last 5 fights of his UFC career, all in the first round and all by stoppage.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Returning to a Japanese promotion for the first time in over seven years, Gomi faced Yuzuke Yachi on December 31, 2017 at . He lost the fight via submission in the first round.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: At Rizin 11, Gomi faced UFC veteran Melvin Guillard. He won via KO in under 3 minutes in the 1st Round. This was his first victory in over 4 years.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi had his first Kickboxing match in an exhibition fight against Masato at KYOKUGEN 2016 on December 31, 2016. The fight went the distance so no winner was decided under official Kickboxing exhibition rules.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi fought Kouzi at Rizin 26. Gomi's weight limit was 75 kg and Koji's 65 kg. The rules of the bout forbid grappling and kicking, while both fighters wore 12oz gloves. Gomi won the bout via majority decision.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Gomi faced Tenshin Nasukawa in a two-round exhibition boxing match at Rizin 33 - Saitama on December 31, 2021. The bout ended in a no decision due to time expiring with no stoppage.


title: Takanori Gomi

text: Unusual for a Japanese mixed martial artist of his style and class, Gomi was a strong sprawl and brawl fighter. He combined a sterling takedown defense with a powerful, aggressive boxing, which gained him the nickname of "Fireball Kid" for his punching power and spectacular knockouts. Gomi would harmoniously use both orthodox and southpaw stances, combining the left straight with a feared overhand right, also using the clinch to set up strikes. He also was skilled on the ground, preferring to use ground and pound over submission attempts.


title: Wuhan Three Towns F.C.

text: Wuhan Three Towns Football Club () is a professional football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The club is based in Wuhan, Hubei and their home stadium is the Hankou Cultural Sports Centre with a seating capacity of 20,000.


title: Wuhan Three Towns F.C.

text: The club was established as Wuhan Shangwen (Simplified Chinese: 武汉尚文) in 2013 by the Wuhan Football Association and private investment from the Wuhan Benhui Group, to mainly focus on the development of youth players. In 2018, the club started to participate in Wuhan Super League, and finished second right behind Wuhan Chufeng Heli. They also participated in 2018 Chinese Champions League, and making it to the final round of 16 before being eliminated by Nanjing Shaye. Ranking 11th, the club were later admitted into 2019 China League Two to fill the gap left by withdrawn team, right after changing their name to Wuhan Three Towns F.C. in January 2019.


title: Wuhan Three Towns F.C.

text: Albert Garcia Xicota would be appointed Head coach of the club for the 2019 China League Two season and finished eleventh at the end of the season. The following campaign with the club he would go on to guide them in winning the division title and promotion into the second tier. In July 2021, Pedro Morilla was appointed as caretaker manager of the club, he had previously worked as techniques director. In December 2021, he was promoted to manager for winning 14 matches in a row. This achievement would see Wuhan going on to win the 2021 China League One division and promotion to the top tier.


title: Peter Mooney

text: Peter Mooney (born August 19, 1983) is a Canadian actor, known for his role as Officer Nick Collins on the police drama series "Rookie Blue" and for playing Sir Kay on the historical fantasy series "Camelot".


title: Peter Mooney

text: Mooney was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He began learning his craft at the Manitoba Theatre for Young People, and is a graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada in Montreal, Quebec (2004).


title: Peter Mooney

text: One of Mooney's first major roles was Dr. Adrian Keeper on Global and ABC Family's "Falcon Beach". 2009 saw Mooney star in the Canadian independent thriller "Summer's Moon" as Tom Hoxey, alongside "Twilight" actress Ashley Greene. In 2010 Starz picked him to play Kay in their television series "Camelot". His most notable roles are Nick Collins on "Rookie Blue" and Dr. Jeremy Bishop on "Saving Hope".


title: Peter Mooney

text: In 2013, Mooney participated in the Charity Challenge trek to Machu Picchu, in support of UNICEF Canada.


title: Hamiltonian path problem

text: In the mathematical field of graph theory the Hamiltonian path problem and the Hamiltonian cycle problem are problems of determining whether a Hamiltonian path (a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once) or a Hamiltonian cycle exists in a given graph (whether directed or undirected). Both problems are NP-complete.


title: Hamiltonian path problem

text: The Hamiltonian cycle problem is a special case of the travelling salesman problem, obtained by setting the distance between two cities to one if they are adjacent and two otherwise, and verifying that the total distance travelled is equal to "n" (if so, the route is a Hamiltonian circuit; if there is no Hamiltonian circuit then the shortest route will be longer).


title: Hamiltonian path problem

text: There are "n"! different sequences of vertices that "might" be Hamiltonian paths in a given "n"-vertex graph (and are, in a complete graph), so a brute force search algorithm that tests all possible sequences would be very slow.


title: Hamiltonian path problem

text: An early exact algorithm for finding a Hamiltonian cycle on a directed graph was the enumerative algorithm of Martello. A search procedure by Frank Rubin divides the edges of the graph into three classes: those that must be in the path, those that cannot be in the path, and undecided. As the search proceeds, a set of decision rules classifies the undecided edges, and determines whether to halt or continue the search. The algorithm divides the graph into components that can be solved separately. Also, a dynamic programming algorithm of Bellman, Held, and Karp can be used to solve the problem in time O("n" 2). In this method, one determines, for each set "S" of vertices and each vertex "v" in "S", whether there is a path that covers exactly the vertices in "S" and ends at "v". For each choice of "S" and "v", a path exists for ("S","v") if and only if "v" has a neighbor "w" such that a path exists for ("S" − "v","w"), which can be looked up from already-computed information in the dynamic program.