title: Alt code

text: Before Unicode was introduced, most Windows software could only create text using the repertoire of characters available in a single code page. Characters that did not exist in that page (such as a line-drawing graphic from the OEM page when the software was using the Windows code page) could not be inserted, and either were ignored or produced an unexpected character. Modern software uses Unicode, which assigns numbers (code points) to all the characters in all the code pages. The software has access to the glyphs corresponding to all the code points in the supported fonts, so it can produce the character specified by any Alt code less than 256 whether zero-prefixed or non-zero-prefixed.


title: Alt code

text: When Windows later transitioned to Unicode, there was a desire to extend the Alt codes to allow entry of any Unicode code point. Numbers greater or equal to 256 pick the corresponding Unicode code point (lower numbers continue to pick characters from the OEM or ANSI code pages, but if 0 is prefixed the ANSI code page greatly resembles the first 256 characters of Unicode). Some applications (RichEdit-based) like Word 2010, Wordpad, and PSPad operate this way. Other Windows applications, including Notepad, Chrome, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge interpret all numbers greater than 255 modulo 256.


title: Alt code

text: Because most Unicode documentation and the Character Map accessory show the code points in hex, not decimal, a variation of Alt codes was developed to allow the numbers to be typed in hex (using the main keyboard for –). To enable it, a user must set or create a string type () value called codice_4 in the registry key codice_5, assign the value data codice_6 to it, and then reboot or log out/in. A leading then indicates hex input, for example will produce  (e with caron).


title: Alt code

text: Many applications, including Word, Wordpad, Excel, and LibreOffice, support a simpler method: typing the hex digits first (inserting them into the document) and then typing to change them into the matching Unicode character.


title: Alt code

text: If is disabled, attempting an Alt code may cause unexpected results in some applications, due to the controls used on the same key. For example, can be taken as , causing a web browser to go back one page.


title: Alt code

text: Many laptops do not have a separate numeric keypad, but some may provide numpad input by holding a modifier key (typically labelled "Fn"); thus one must press and hold both and keys while entering the character code.


title: Alt code

text: One limitation of the Alt code feature is that the key and the numpad keys being used to enter the code must both be on the same keyboard device. Users with keyboards that lack a numpad (e.g. tenkeyless designs) cannot use a separate numpad device to enter Alt codes while holding the key on their main keyboard.


title: Alt code

text: The Alt key method does not work on ChromeOS, macOS, Linux or other operating systems and there is no readily-accessible evidence of interest in replicating it, due to its including the 1980s IBM PC character encoding as part of its definition. However, numeric entry of Unicode characters is possible in most Unix or Unix-like OSs by typing , (release) then the hex number, then the space bar or enter key. For example,


title: Alt code

text: Alternative systems exist for users to make characters without selecting them by number, for example using a popup window that lets a user choose the desired character by clicking on it. Examples include the Windows Character Map or the Insert Character facility in MsOffice. See Unicode input for more.


title: Digital banking

text: Digital banking is part of the broader context for the move to online banking, where banking services are delivered over the internet. The shift from traditional to digital banking has been gradual and remains ongoing, and is constituted by differing degrees of banking service digitization. Digital banking involves high levels of process automation and web-based services and may include APIs enabling cross-institutional service composition to deliver banking products and provide transactions. It provides the ability for users to access financial data through desktop, mobile and ATM services.


title: Digital banking

text: A digital bank represents a virtual process that includes online banking and beyond. As an end-to-end platform, digital banking must encompass the front end that consumers see, back end that bankers see through their servers and admin control panels and the middleware that connects these nodes. Ultimately, a digital bank should facilitate all functional levels of banking on all service delivery platforms. In other words, it should have all the same functions as a head office, branch office, online service, bank cards, ATM and point-of-sale (POS) machines.


title: Digital banking

text: The reason digital banking is more than just a mobile or online platform is that it includes middleware solutions. Middleware is software that bridges operating systems or databases with other applications. Financial industry departments such as risk management, product development and marketing must also be included in the middle and back end to truly be considered a complete digital bank. Financial institutions must be at the forefront of the latest technology to ensure security and compliance with government regulations.


title: Digital banking

text: The earliest forms of digital banking trace back to the advent of ATMs and cards launched in the 1960s. As the internet emerged in the 1980s with early broadband, digital networks began to connect retailers with suppliers and consumers to develop needs for early online catalogues and inventory software systems.


title: Digital banking

text: By the 1990s the Internet became widely available and online banking started becoming the norm. The improvement of broadband and ecommerce systems in the early 2000s led to what resembled the modern digital banking world today. The proliferation of smartphones through the next decade opened the door for transactions on the go beyond ATM machines. Over 60% of consumers now use their smartphones as the preferred method for digital banking.


title: Digital banking

text: The challenge for banks is now to facilitate demands that connect vendors with money through channels determined by the consumer. This dynamic shapes the basis of customer satisfaction, which can be nurtured with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software. Therefore, CRM must be integrated into a digital banking system, since it provides means for banks to directly communicate with their customers.


title: Digital banking

text: There is a demand for end-to-end consistency and for services, optimized on convenience and user experience. The market provides cross platform front ends, enabling purchase decisions based on available technology such as mobile devices, with a desktop or Smart TV at home. In order for banks to meet consumer demands, they need to keep focusing on improving digital technology that provides agility, scalability and efficiency.


title: Digital banking

text: A study conducted in 2015 revealed that 47% of bankers see potential to improve customer relationship through digital banking, 44% see it as a means to generate competitive advantage, 32% as a channel for new customer acquisition. Only 16% emphasized the potential for cost saving.


title: Digital banking

text: A key in which digital banks can gain a significant competitive edge is developing a more robust IT architecture. By replacing manual back-office procedures with automated software solutions, banks can reduce employee errors and speed up processes. This paradigm shift can lead to smaller operational units and allow managers to concentrate on improving tasks that require human intervention.


title: Digital banking

text: Automation reduces the need for paper, which inevitably ends up taking up space that can be occupied with technology. By using software that accelerates productivity up to 50%, banks can improve customer service since they will be able to resolve issues at a faster pace. One way a bank can improve its back end business efficiency is to divide hundreds of processes into three categories:


title: Digital banking

text: It still isn't practical to automate all operations for many financial firms, especially those that conduct financial reviews or provide investment advice. But the more a bank can replace cumbersome redundant manual tasks with automation, the more it can focus on issues that involve direct communication with customers. The obstacles currently preventing banks from investing in a more digital back end environment are:


title: Digital banking

text: Digital cash eliminates many problems associated with physical cash, such as misplacement or the potential for money to be stolen or damaged. Additionally, digital cash can be traced and accounted for more accurately in cases of disputes. As consumers find an increasing number of purchasing opportunities at their fingertips, there is less need to carry physical cash in their wallets.


title: Digital banking

text: Other indications that demand for digital cash is growing are highlighted by the use of peer-to-peer payment systems such as PayPal and the rise of untraceable cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin. Almost anything imaginable that can be paid with physical cash can theoretically be paid with the swipe of a bank card, including parking meters. The problem is this technology is still not omnipresent. Cash circulation grew in the United States by 42% between 2007 and 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 7%, according to the BBC.


title: Digital banking

text: The concept of an all digital cash economy is no longer just a futuristic dream but it's still unlikely to outdate physical cash in the near future. All digital banks are possible as a consumer option, but people may still have a need for physical cash in certain situations. ATMs help banks cut overhead, especially if they are available at various strategic locations beyond branch offices.


title: Digital banking

text: The decision for banks to add more digital solutions at all operational levels will have a major impact on their financial stability. While not all banks are in a position to make quick changes to IT infrastructure or the architecture on top of it, banks aiming to be disrupters can move toward broad end-to-end automation can do so over about a six-month time frame.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Shoot to Kill (known outside North America as Deadly Pursuit) is a 1988 American buddy cop action thriller film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Sidney Poitier (in his first role in eleven years), Tom Berenger, Clancy Brown, Andrew Robinson and Kirstie Alley.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: A man is discovered breaking into his own San Francisco jewelry store in the dead of night. Upon questioning by the FBI, it is discovered that his wife is being held hostage at their home by a brutal extortionist who demands the diamonds in the shop's safe in exchange for the woman's life. During a standoff outside the jeweler's home, the family maid is sent out the front door with a message for the FBI; she is promptly shot by the unseen extortionist, who demands the jeweler's Mercedes, which he will use to escape. The killer and the jeweler's wife travel in the Mercedes to the docks with FBI agent Warren Stantin following them. Following a tense exchange between Stantin and the killer, the jeweler's wife is shot in her left eye and killed. The police then attempt to pursue what they believe to be a getaway boat, only to learn it is unmanned, and the killer gets away. Feeling that he has failed, Stantin becomes obsessed with finding the killer and trails him into the rugged forests of Washington.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Upon Stantin's arrival in Washington, a naked male body is discovered in a local mine shaft. Stantin arrives to investigate the body and sees that the man has been shot through the eye. Stantin becomes convinced that the person responsible for the killing of the man in the mine is the extortionist, who has now likely assumed the identity of the dead man. Investigating, Stantin learns that Sarah Rennell, a fishing guide, is leading a fishing party from the mine into the woods. Stantin learns that Sarah's partner Jonathon Knox is an expert on the local wilderness, and seeks Knox's help locating Sarah and the fishermen. Unimpressed with a big city FBI agent, Knox prepares to head into the wilderness alone to rescue Sarah, but Stantin threatens him with arrest for obstruction of justice, forcing Knox to lead Stantin into the mountains. Knox repeatedly tries to convince Stantin to return to the town and wait for him, but Stantin refuses and trudges on.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Meanwhile, the fishing party proceeds into the mountains. A fisherman slips on a ledge, and another in the group, Steve, attempts to help him. While doing so, a gun falls out of Steve's backpack and into a crack in the rocks. Steve claims he is a cop and demands the dangling fisherman hand him the gun. When he does so, Steve kills him and the rest of the fishing party, one by one, by pushing them off the ledge. Needing Sarah as his guide, Steve convinces Sarah to lead him through the mountains to Canada, where he says he will let her go.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: While in pursuit, Knox and Stantin encounter a basket on a rope that is used to cross a gorge. With the basket stuck on the opposite side, Knox attempts to retrieve the basket, but it breaks free and hits him. Knox falls and is slammed into the rocks, but Stantin pulls Knox to safety. Stantin asks Knox, "You mountain men do this kind of shit a lot?" Knox replies, "Every damn day!" Stantin and Knox make camp for the night, while Steve and Sarah stop at the fishing party's cabin. The next morning, Stantin and Knox stumble upon the bodies of the fishermen in the stream and Knox becomes convinced that Sarah is now dead. Upon reaching the cabin occupied by Steve and Sarah the previous evening, Stantin and Knox discover a note to the FBI in Sarah's handwriting from the killer, and Knox realizes Sarah is still alive.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Knox attempts to leave Stantin at the cabin, thinking he will make better time alone, but Stantin eventually convinces him to bring him along. As Stantin and Knox rise ever higher into the mountains, Stantin has a very difficult time with the altitude, and is temporarily placed in a tent by Knox to rest, but he continues to climb anyway. When Stantin is too exhausted to go further, Knox pulls him up the rest of the way. At the top of the mountain, Stantin and Knox are caught in a snowstorm, forcing Knox to dig a cave for shelter. Sarah is forced to eat raw fish after Steve puts out their cooking fire, fearing the smoke will cause authorities to find them.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: With the storm passed, Knox and a recovered Stantin return to the pursuit with a new respect for one another. At one point, Stantin and Knox encounter a very large grizzly bear. Knox falls and hits his head on a rock, incapacitating him, but Stantin manages to scare the bear away. Meanwhile, Sarah manages to break free from Steve and attempts to run away, and Steve fires his gun at her. With Stantin and Knox now in hot pursuit, Steve recaptures Sarah and they get into the cab of a passing logging truck, evading capture yet again.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Stantin and Knox arrive in Vancouver and learn of a break-in at a local residence. During their investigation, they learn that Steve and Sarah had broken into the residence to eat and clean up. The investigation also turns up that a call to a Vancouver number was made from the residence during the robbery. The Vancouver Police Department extend their assistance to Stantin and Knox. Stantin learns that the Vancouver number that was called from the residence was to a diamond broker. That evening, Stantin and Knox stage a break-in at the home of the diamond broker, and the diamond broker confesses as to where he is meeting Steve to get the diamonds.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Stantin and Knox stake out the meeting location and find Steve holding Sarah, waiting for the diamond broker. Steve spots Knox and begins shooting at him. He carjacks a sport utility vehicle while Stantin, Knox, and the police chase him through the city streets. After losing sight of Steve and Sarah during the chase, Stantin and Knox discover the stolen vehicle on a departing ferry and begin searching for Steve and Sarah. While the police board the ferry where the car was located, Stantin and Knox realize that Steve and Sarah are on another ferry, Steve having used the vehicle as a decoy.


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Stantin and Knox board the second ferry as it leaves the dock and begin searching for Steve and Sarah. They find them on the vehicle level of the ferry, and a shootout erupts. Eventually, a standoff occurs between Stantin and Steve on the mid-level of the ferry. When Knox jumps down from an upper level to distract Steve, Stantin shoots Steve in the ear, and he lets Sarah go. Stantin chases Steve throughout the ferry. When Steve attempts to hold a mother and her children hostage, Stantin draws Steve's attention and is shot multiple times. Steve attempts to execute Stantin by shooting him through the eye, but his gun misfires. An angry Steve then attempts to throw Stantin overboard, but they both fall into the water, and Stantin is able to shoot Steve in the eye, killing him. Knox jumps into the water and brings Stantin to safety. While visiting Stantin in an ambulance, Knox asks Stantin, "You FBI guys do this kind of shit a lot?" to which Stantin smiles and replies, "Every damn day."


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" remarked that it "marks the return of Sidney Poitier after a long absence from the screen, and a reappearance of good old-fashioned storytelling technique as well. This is essentially a formula film, and as such it's nothing fancy. But it has crisp, spare direction, enormous momentum and a story full of twists and turns. For anyone who thinks they don't make spine-tingling detective films the way they used to, good news: they've just made another."


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: In a three-star review, Roger Ebert recalled that it was "yet another example, rather late in the day, of the buddy movie, that most dependable genre from the early 1970s. The formula still works. Two characters who have nothing in common are linked together on a dangerous mission, and after a lot of close calls they survive, prevail and become buddies." He stated that Poitier "is probably not going to win any awards for this performance, but it's nice to have him back."


title: Shoot to Kill (1988 film)

text: In a mixed review, Shelia Benson opined in the "Los Angeles Times" that "too many cooks overlooked too many mistakes of character and logic here; they seem to have made characters out of smudgy carbons instead of living tissue. The Poitier and Berenger roles are perfunctorily sketched, their exchanges sometimes excruciatingly embarrassing. It's nice to have a leading woman who knows her way around the outdoors, but every chance possible to have intelligence pitted against brute force has been ignored. In "Shoot to Kill" (MPAA-rated R for violence) the scenery is wild, the movie is a walk on the tame side."


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Thomas Henry Marshburn (born August 29, 1960) is an American physician and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of three spaceflights to the International Space Station and holds the record for the oldest person to perform a spacewalk at 61 years old.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn was born in Statesville, North Carolina. Marshburn graduated from Henderson High School in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1978. He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Davidson College, North Carolina, in 1982, and a Master's degree in Engineering Physics from the University of Virginia in 1984. He received a Doctor of Medicine degree from Wake Forest University in 1989, and a Master of Medical Science from the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1997. He trained in emergency medicine and worked in emergency rooms in Texas and Massachusetts.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn's awards include the NASA Superior Achievement award (1998), Space and Life Sciences Division Special Space Flight Achievement Award (2003, 2004) and the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award (January 2004). Marshburn is a member of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, the American Academy of Emergency Medicine and the Aerospace Medical Association.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: After completing medical school, Marshburn trained in emergency medicine at the St. Vincent Hospital Emergency Medicine program in Toledo, Ohio, where he also worked as a flight physician. After three years of training, he was certified by the American Board of Emergency Medicine in 1992. He then worked as an emergency physician in Seattle, Washington, before being accepted into the first class of the NASA/UTMB Space Medicine Fellowship in Galveston, Texas. After completing the fellowship in 1995, he worked as an emergency physician in area hospitals in Houston, Texas, and at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. During this time he also worked as an attending physician for the emergency medicine residency at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn joined NASA in November 1994, serving as a flight surgeon at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. He was assigned to Space Shuttle Medical Operations and to the joint US/Russian Space Program. From February 1996 to May 1997 he served as a flight surgeon for NASA personnel deployed to the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center, Star City, Russia, followed by work in the Center for Flight Control in Korolyov, Russia, in support of the NASA Expedition 4 to the Mir Space Station. From July 1997 to August 1998 he was co-chair of Medical Operations for the Shuttle–Mir Program. From 1998 to 2000, he was deputy Flight Surgeon for Neuronal (STS-98) and lead Flight Surgeon for the STS-101 mission to the International Space Station (ISS).


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: After spending ten months as a NASA representative to the Harvard/MIT Smart Medical Systems Team of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, he worked as the lead Flight Surgeon for Expedition 7 to the ISS in 2003, supporting from Russia, Kazakhstan and Houston. Until he was selected as an astronaut candidate, Marshburn served as Medical Operations Lead for the ISS. His activities included development of the biomedical training program for flight surgeons and astronaut crew medical officers, and managing the ISS Health Maintenance System.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn was selected in May 2004 to be a NASA astronaut. He completed his Astronaut Candidate Training in February 2006. This included scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training, T-38 flight training and water and wilderness survival training. He was qualified for various technical assignments within the Astronaut Office and future flight assignments as a mission specialist.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: In May 2010, Marshburn served as an aquanaut during the mission aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory, living and working underwater for fourteen days.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: In 2019, he served as back up flight Engineer 1 for the Soyuz MS-13 and Soyuz MS-15 long-duration flights to the ISS, first backing up Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano, and the American-Swedish astronaut Jessica Meir.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn's first flight was on STS-127, which lifted off on July 15, 2009, at 6:03 p.m. EDT and landed on July 31, 2009. The mission delivered the Japanese-built Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) and the Experiment Logistics Module Exposed Section (ELM-ES) to the International Space Station. Marshburn took part in three spacewalks during the mission.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: Marshburn served as a Flight Engineer on Expedition 34/35 to the International Space Station, launching aboard Soyuz TMA-07M on December 19, 2012, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, along with crew members Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency and Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko. The crew was welcomed aboard the ISS by Expedition 34 commander Kevin A. Ford and cosmonauts Evgeny Tarelkin and Oleg Novitskiy. On May 11, 2013, Marshburn and Expedition 35 flight engineer Christopher Cassidy performed an unplanned spacewalk to replace a pump controller box suspected to be the source of an ammonia coolant leak. Marshburn and his crew returned to Earth on May 13, 2013.


title: Thomas Marshburn

text: On November 11, 2021, Marshburn launched on the SpaceX Crew-3 spaceflight, as part of the long duration Expedition 66 mission onboard the ISS. He performed his fifth EVA with fellow astronaut Kayla Barron on the exterior of the ISS shortly after the mission had begun. He took over command of the ISS from Anton Shkaplerov on March 29. After the arrival of Crew-4 and the transfer of command to Oleg Artemyev, Crew-3 landed on May 6, 2022, after 176 days in space.


title: Doris Burke

text: Doris Burke ( Sable) is an American sports announcer and analyst for NBA on ESPN, NBA on ABC, College Basketball on ESPN, and College Basketball on ABC games. She formerly worked as an analyst for WNBA games on MSG, and has worked on New York Knicks games. Burke was the first female commentator to call a New York Knicks game on radio and television.


title: Doris Burke

text: Burke played college basketball for the Providence Friars, finishing her career as the school's leader in assists. Honored for her pioneering work, she was selected to enter the Basketball Hall of Fame as the 2018 Curt Gowdy Media Award winner.


title: Doris Burke

text: Doris Sable was born on April 11, 1965, in West Islip, New York She was raised in Manasquan, New Jersey, having moved from New York when she was seven years old. The youngest of eight children, she started playing basketball in the second grade. Her basketball idols growing up were Kyle Macy, Kelly Tripucka and Tom Heinsohn.


title: Doris Burke

text: Doris Burke attended Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island. She competed as a member of the Providence Friars women's basketball team as the point guard for four years.


title: Doris Burke

text: During her freshman year, Burke led the Big East Conference in assists. She was a second-team All-Big East player once and twice made the all-tourney team of the Big East women's basketball tournament. As a senior in 1987 she was the college's Co-Female Athlete of the Year.


title: Doris Burke

text: She left Providence as its all-time leader in assists and as of 2012 was still second in that career category. She was later inducted into the Providence College Hall of Fame in 1999, the fifth woman so honored.


title: Doris Burke

text: At Providence, Sable earned a bachelor's degree in health service administration/social work and later a master's degree in education.


title: Doris Burke

text: Doris Burke is divorced from Gregg Burke (currently head golf coach at University of Rhode Island), with whom she has two children.


title: Doris Burke

text: Doris Burke began her broadcasting career in 1990 as an analyst for women's games for her alma mater on radio. That same year, she began working in the same role on Big East Women's games on television, and in 1996 she began working Big East men's games. Burke has been working for ESPN one way or another since 1991. She has been a part of ESPN's coverage of the WNBA. And for many years, she was the primary radio and television voice of the New York Liberty. In 2003, Burke was named to ESPN's top men's basketball team working with Dick Vitale on the men's games and began working the sidelines for ESPN and ABC for their coverage of the NBA beginning with the 2003–04 NBA season. In 2000, Burke became the first woman to be a commentator for a New York Knicks game on radio and on television; she is also the first woman to be a commentator for a Big East men's game, and the first woman to be the primary commentator on a men's college basketball conference package. From 2009 to 2019, she served as a sideline reporter for the NBA Finals on ABC.


title: Doris Burke

text: In 2010, she was featured as the new sideline reporter for 2K Sports's "NBA 2K11" video game. She has appeared in each edition since, including the latest in the series, "NBA 2K23".


title: Doris Burke

text: In October 2013, Burke signed a multiyear contract extension to serve as an NBA commentator for ESPN. On November 13, Burke debuted on ESPN's NBA pre-game show "NBA Countdown", alongside analysts Jalen Rose and Avery Johnson.


title: Doris Burke

text: In 2017, Doris Burke became a regular NBA game analyst for ESPN, becoming the first woman at the national level to be assigned a full regular-season role. Burke replaced Doug Collins, who left ESPN for a job with the Chicago Bulls, but continued sideline reporting for the conference finals and the NBA Finals until 2019. As of 2020, she currently calls the conference finals and the NBA Finals on ESPN Radio, joining play-by-play Mark Kestecher.


title: Doris Burke

text: In 1999, Doris Burke was inducted into the Providence College Hall of Fame. In 2003, she received the "USA Today" Rudy Award as the Best New Face in Sports Television. In the spring of 2004, she was honored with induction into the Institute for International Sport's Scholar Athlete Hall of Fame, and in the spring of 2005 Providence College awarded her with an honorary doctorate degree. In October 2006, she was inducted into the New England Basketball Hall of Fame. The same year she became a member of the North Providence Hall of Fame. In January 2012 she received the Silver Anniversary Award in recognition of her athletic and professional accomplishments from the NCAA. In 2012, she called the Big East tournament and was a reporter during the championship game. Honored for her pioneering work, she was selected to enter Basketball Hall of Fame as the 2018 Curt Gowdy Media Award winner. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Tobin Heath chose the name of Burke.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi began his professional career at Arsenal after a successful trial in 2010. However, without a British work permit, he was loaned out to Eredivisie side Feyenoord where he made his professional debut in 2011 at age 17. In 2012, Miyaichi spent loan periods at fellow Premier League clubs, Bolton Wanderers and Wigan Athletic, helping win the FA Cup with the latter in 2013. After a long period ruled out with injury, Miyaichi returned to the Eredivisie, signing on loan to FC Twente in 2014. In June 2015, Miyaichi transferred to 2. Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli. In July 2021, Miyaichi returned to Japan, signing for Yokohama F. Marinos.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: A full international for Japan, Miyaichi made his debut in 2012 against Azerbaijan and was part of the Japan side that won the East Asian Football Championship in 2022. Japan's former manager Alberto Zaccheroni has said that "Miyaichi's strengths are on the flanks and creating space going forward." Once regarded as one of the best youth prospects in world football, Miyaichi's career has been plagued with injuries, missing over 150 senior matches in his career.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi was born into a sporting family. His brother, Tsuyoshi, was also a football player; and his father, Tatsuya Nomoura, was a basketball player who played for and later managed the Toyota Motors basketball club. Miyaichi started playing football in his elementary school years at Sylphid F.C. in Nagoya. He entered Chukyo University Chukyo High School and played for the school football club. In the 2010 season, the team advanced to the All Japan High School Soccer Tournament but were defeated in the first round in a match televised across Japan.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: During his trial at Arsenal in the summer of 2010, Miyaichi impressed the Arsenal manager, Arsène Wenger, signing a professional contract on 31 January 2011. Wenger said: "We’re delighted that Ryo Miyaichi has joined us. He trialed with us in the summer and has raw ability which has attracted many clubs around the world".


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Just after he signed for Arsenal, it was announced that he was set to join Feyenoord on loan. On 5 February, in his first appearance for Feyenoord, he played the full 90 minutes against Vitesse Arnhem in a 1–1 draw, and was named man of the match. Miyaichi then played against Heracles Almelo where he scored the opening goal and created the second in a 2–1 league win for Feyenoord. On 17 April 2011, Miyaichi scored two goals and contributed two assists in Feyenoord's 6–1 victory over Willem II, leading a revival after Feyenoord had conceded an early goal.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: The Dutch media gave him the nickname "Ryodinho" after comparisons to Ronaldinho. He has also been branded the Japanese Messi.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: As he returned to Arsenal after his loan spell at Feyenoord, Miyaichi joined up with the first team for pre-season training. He was included in the 23-man squad to tour Asia in the pre-season after impressing in training. Miyaichi made his pre-season debut against Malaysia All-Stars XI, he started the match before being substituted for Robin van Persie in the 66th minute.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 9 August 2011, Miyaichi was granted a work permit to play for Arsenal on the grounds of being an "exceptional talent" in view of evidence supplied by Wenger and the Japan Football Association, and was deemed free to represent Arsenal during the 2011–12 season. He was also included in Arsenal's 23-man Champions League squad for the fixture against Udinese. On 23 August 2011, Miyaichi featured in the Arsenal Reserves against Wigan Athletic Reserves and scored in the 83rd minute.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 20 September 2011, Miyaichi made his first team debut against League Two side Shrewsbury Town in the League Cup third round as a 71st-minute substitute.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: He also came on again in the League Cup as a substitute as Arsenal went on to win the match 2–1 against Bolton Wanderers.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: During the reserve match against Fulham, on 7 November 2011, Miyaichi lasted 34 minutes before being forced off with an ankle injury, which would cause him to be out for weeks. Despite being in the first team, Miyaichi admitted he still has a lot to learn.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 31 January 2012, Miyaichi joined Bolton Wanderers on loan until the end of the season. Shortly after arriving at Bolton, manager Owen Coyle spoke of his admiration for the young player, even though Miyaichi had yet to play in a competitive match for the team. He played a behind-closed-doors game on 7 February against Preston North End where he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win and made his full debut when coming on as a half-time substitute for Martin Petrov in Bolton's 2–1 home defeat by Wigan Athletic on 11 February. He made his first start, and scored his first goal, the following weekend in Bolton's 2–0 FA Cup win at Millwall. He played 78 minutes of the game before being substituted. He made his first Premier League start the following weekend in Bolton's 3–0 loss at Chelsea. He was voted February Player of the Month by the Bolton fans after his debut.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 13 August 2012, Arsenal confirmed that Miyaichi had joined Wigan Athletic on a season-long loan. On 28 August 2012, he made his debut as a substitute in a 4–1 League Cup victory over Nottingham Forest. During his first game for the club he was able to provide an assist for Callum McManaman. He went on to make his league debut on 1 September in a 2–2 draw with Stoke City. On 9 March, he made his return as a substitute for Callum McManaman in a 3–0 FA Cup quarter final win away to Everton. Miyaichi picked up injury during the game which saw him sidelined for the rest of the season. He thus missed the rest of Wigan's historic cup run where they went on to lift the 2013 FA Cup.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyachi made an early return to the Emirates from his loan move at Wigan due to injury. On 22 July 2013, Miyaichi scored his first goal for Arsenal in a friendly against Nagoya Grampus during Arsenal's pre-season Asia tour, scoring a penalty-kick in the 26th minute. He went on to make his UEFA Champions League debut on 28 August 2013 in a 2–0 win over Fenerbahçe.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Despite interest from former club Feynoord and SC Heerenveen, upon 1 September 2014 Miyaichi was sent on a season long loan to fellow Dutch side FC Twente. During that season he made 10 appearances in the Eredivisie with the club's first team. Miyaichi also played 14 Jupiler League games with Jong Twente, scoring three goals and delivering one assist. He returned to Arsenal at the end of the season when his five-year stay at the North London club was brought to an end.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 18 June 2015, the "Hamburger Morgenpost" announced that Miyaichi had signed a three-year contract with FC St. Pauli in the 2. Bundesliga, describing the winger as a player with "huge potential". Miyaichi's transfer was confirmed on the club's website the next day, where it was revealed that he would wear the number 13 shirt for the upcoming season.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: One week before the 2015-16 league campaign began, Miyaichi tore a cruciate ligament in his left knee in the final warm-up game against Rayo Vallecano, an injury that meant he did not make his competitive debut until nine months later in a home game against Union Berlin in April 2016. On 15 May 2016, Miyaichi scored a brace in St. Pauli's 5-2 win over FC Kaiserslautern. In preparations for the 2017-18 season, Miyaichi had another major set back, suffering from another cruciate ligament tear, this time to his right knee. On 27 May 2021, it was announced on the club website that Miyaichi would be leaving the club after six years. Miyaichi's time at FC St. Pauli was plagued by injury, he managed 80 appearances for the club over six seasons.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 5 July 2021, after having spent his entire senior career in Europe, Miyaichi returned to his native Japan, signing for Yokohama F. Marinos in the J1 League. Miyaichi was assigned the number 17 shirt and on 18 September 2021, he made his debut against Nagoya Grampus, coming on as a substitute in the 55th minute. Miyaichi only made one more appearance for Yokohama during the 2021 campaign, struggling with injury as they ended the season J1 League runners-up to Kawasaki Frontale.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: On 16 April 2022, Miyaichi made his AFC Champions League debut against Vietnamese champions HAGL, playing the full 90 minutes as Yokohama F. Marinos won 2-1. On 18 May 2022, Miyachi scored and assisted in an impressive performance against Urawa Red Diamonds, the match ended as a 3-3 draw but marked Miyaichi's first goal and assist for the club. A week later, Miyaichi's form continued, assisting twice against Kyoto Sanga before being substituted in the 74th minute. On 2 July 2022, Miyaichi scored a late goal against Shimizu S-Pulse after coming on as a substitute, as Yokohama secured a 5-3 away victory. Four days later, Miyaichi made an impact off the bench again, scoring another late goal against Sanfrecce Hiroshima in a match that ended 3-0 to Yokohama F. Marinos. Miyaichi's performances during the 2022 season saw him earn a re-call to the Japan national team after almost a decade since his last international appearance in 2012.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi suffered another anterior cruciate ligament rupture in his right knee during Japan's final EAFF E-1 Football Championship match against South Korea and will miss out the rest of the season following surgery. Yokohama F. Marinos finished the 2022 J1 League season as champions, with Miyaichi selected as one of the players to lift the trophy.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: A technically gifted player, Miyaichi plays as a winger and has been noted for his blistering pace and ability to run and dribble past defenders. Arsène Wenger has stated that "Ryo has natural technical ability. He has good balance and phenomenal pace, and his passing and crossing is consistently of a high quality. He is a very exciting player."


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Former Feyenoord director, Eric Gudde praised Miyaichi saying that "He is a player with good pace, dribbling and a lot of tricks to get behind the opponent. He has some excellent qualities and for his age is a very complete player."


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi has represented Japan from under-15 to under-19 level. He took part in the 2009 U-17 World Cup as a member of Japan U-17 national team. He played 2 matches at the tournament.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi received his first call up to the senior team for the 2014 World Cup qualification against Uzbekistan in February 2012, though he didn't feature in the game.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: Miyaichi made his debut on 23 May 2012 in a friendly against Azerbaijan where he came on as a 60th-minute substitute in a game that ended 2–0 to Japan. He made his second appearance against Brazil to again play as a substitute in a 4–0 Japan loss.


title: Ryo Miyaichi

text: After almost decade since his last international cap, Miyaichi was called up to the Japan national team on 14 July 2022 ahead of the 2022 EAFF E-1 Football Championship finals hosted in Japan. On 19 July, Miyaichi came on as a substitute in the 64th minute, helping secure Japan's 6-0 victory over Hong Kong. On 24 July, Miyaichi made his first start for Japan in a 0-0 draw against rivals China, before being substituted in the 75th minute. On 27 July, Miyaichi came on as a substitute in the 59th minute in the final match against South Korea but was forced off in the 78th minute due to injury. Japan won the match 3-0 and clinched the championship with two wins and one draw.


title: Comparison of remote desktop software

text: In the table above, the following terminology is intended to be used to describe some important features:


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Jamal Akua Lowe (born 21 July 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club AFC Bournemouth and the Jamaican national team. Lowe was born in England and played for the England C team, before making his full international debut for Jamaica in 2021.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Lowe began his professional playing career with Barnet in 2012. After several loan spells, he briefly played for St Albans City and Hemel Hempstead Town. Lowe joined Hampton & Richmond Borough in 2015 before moving to Portsmouth two years later, spending two seasons with the club. He was signed by Wigan Athletic in 2019 and joined Swansea City in 2020.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Lowe first featured for the Bees' senior team in February 2011 in the Herts Senior Cup against Hadley. In the 2011–12 season, Lowe scored 19 goals for Barnet's under-18 team. He made his league debut on 25 August 2012, in a 3–1 loss against York City at Underhill, coming on as a late substitute for Curtis Weston. After making a second substitute appearance against Gillingham, he was given his first start by manager Mark Robson on 15 September in a 3–0 loss against Bradford City.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Lowe signed a professional contract with the Bees in October 2012. He made his FA Cup debut on 3 November, coming on as a substitute in the second half of a 2–0 defeat against Oxford United in the first round. In December 2012, he was loaned out to Hayes & Yeading United. He joined Boreham Wood on 15 February 2013.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: On 15 August 2013, Lowe joined Hitchin Town on loan. His fourth loan spell away from the club began when he joined St Albans City on 22 November. Then, his fifth loan spell came when he joined Farnborough on 28 February 2014. Lowe was transfer-listed at the end of the 2013–14 season. Manager Martin Allen said: "He is a good lad who has worked hard and done well in both the games he has played but I need to bring in another striker and this will push Jamal further down the line".


title: Jamal Lowe

text: In 2014–15, Lowe made two substitute appearances for the Bees before joining Hemel Hempstead Town on a three-month loan. On 16 January 2015, he left Barnet permanently to join St Albans City. At the end of the season he rejoined Hemel Hempstead Town. After 11 league games he then joined Hampton & Richmond Borough.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: On 28 October 2016, Portsmouth agreed terms to sign Lowe for an undisclosed fee on an 18-month contract.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: On 1 August 2019, Lowe signed a three-year contract with Wigan Athletic for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal for the club on 20 October 2019 against Nottingham Forest.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: On 27 August 2020, Lowe joined Championship club Swansea City for £800,000, signing a three-year contract with an option of a further year. He scored his first goal for Swansea in a 2–0 win over Wycombe Wanderers on 26 September 2020.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: On 31 August 2021, Lowe signed a three-year contract with Swansea's Championship rivals AFC Bournemouth, joining for a reported fee of £1.5 million.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Despite being born in England and having previously played for the England C team, in March 2021 Lowe received his first call-up to the Jamaica national team. This came about as part of the Jamaican Football Federation's attempt to target a number of English-born players for call ups in an attempt to improve the chances of Jamaica qualifying for the 2022 World Cup. On 25 March 2021, Lowe scored his first goal on his debut in a 4–1 loss to United States.


title: Jamal Lowe

text: Born in England, Lowe is of Jamaican descent. Lowe worked as a PE teacher while playing in non-league football. He is friends with Nicke Kabamba and Junior Morias.


title: Jo Firestone

text: Joanna Firestone (born December 8, 1986) is an American actress, comedian, and television writer. She played Sarah Conner on the television series "Joe Pera Talks with You".


title: Jo Firestone

text: Joanna Firestone was born in 1986 to Jewish parents Fred and Marilyn Firestone. She has a brother, Ben Firestone, who works in commercial real estate. She grew up in Clayton, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. She graduated from Clayton High School and later Wesleyan University in Connecticut, with a degree in theatre.


title: Jo Firestone

text: As an actress, Firestone has appeared in the TV programs "Search Party", "The Jim Gaffigan Show", "Broad City", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", "CollegeHumor Originals", "Boy Band", "The Outs", "Night Train with Wyatt Cenac", "Animal Agent", "High Maintenance", "Jon Glaser Loves Gear", "Thanksgiving", "The Special Without Brett Davis", "Shrill", and others.


title: Jo Firestone

text: Firestone was a consulting producer on 21 episodes of "The Chris Gethard Show" and performed in three episodes of the series. In 2017, Firestone performed stand-up on Comedy Central, as part of "Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents Jo Firestone."


title: Jo Firestone

text: In the past, Firestone was a writer for "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" and "The Special Without Brett Davis". She has also performed on the "Tonight Show", portraying U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, demonstrating products from the New York Toy Fair, and appearing in other sketches opposite host Jimmy Fallon.


title: Jo Firestone

text: Firestone portrayed the character Sarah Conner, a band teacher, on "Joe Pera Talks with You", which aired during Adult Swim on Cartoon Network. The character's name is an homage to the "Terminator" movies. On the show, Firestone's character is a doomsday prepper and Joe Pera's girlfriend.


title: Jo Firestone

text: With Dylan Marron, Firestone wrote, performed in, and directed "Ridgefield Middle School Talent Nite," which received a Capital Fringe Festival Director's Award in 2010.


title: Jo Firestone

text: Firestone has performed at the UCB Theater in Manhattan, and around New York City. About stand-up gigs in "cellar clubs," Firestone explained, "Doing comedy in New York, I’ve been conditioned to thrive in basements. I’m not ready to do a comedy show until I go down a flight of stairs."


title: Jo Firestone

text: Firestone is the host of the program "Dr. Gameshow", which originated on WFMU radio and is now a podcast on the Maximum Fun network. She and her father Fred Firestone created the game "Punderdome: A Card Game for Pun Lovers" (published by Random House subsidiary Clarkson Potter, 2016).


title: Jo Firestone

text: Firestone voice acts in "The National Lampoon Radio Hour" podcast. She serves as the producer and senior writer along with Cole Escola.


title: Jo Firestone

text: In February 2020, Firestone released the first episode of her podcast "Everyday Decisions". "Everyday Decisions" is a comedy and personal stories podcast where Firestone interviews friends, family, and fellow comedians about the past 24 hours of their day.


title: Jo Firestone

text: In March 2020 Firestone went on comedian Mike Recine's podcast "The Sitdown". In March 2021, she made a guest appearance on the YouTube channel of her childhood friend Claire Saffitz.


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: LifeLog was a project of the Information Processing Techniques Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). According to its bid solicitation pamphlet in 2003, it was to be "an ontology-based (sub)system that captures, stores, and makes accessible the flow of one person's experience in and interactions with the world in order to support a broad spectrum of associates/assistants and other system capabilities". The objective of the LifeLog concept was "to be able to trace the 'threads' of an individual's life in terms of events, states, and relationships", and it has the ability to "take in all of a subject's experience, from phone numbers dialed and e-mail messages viewed to every breath taken, step made and place gone".


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: LifeLog aimed to compile a massive electronic database of every activity and relationship a person engages in. This was to include credit card purchases, web sites visited, the content of telephone calls and e-mails sent and received, scans of faxes and postal mail sent and received, instant messages sent and received, books and magazines read, television and radio selections, physical location recorded via wearable GPS sensors, biomedical data captured through wearable sensors. The high level goal of this data logging was to identify "preferences, plans, goals, and other markers of intentionality".


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: Another of DARPA's goals for LifeLog had a predictive function. It sought to “find meaningful patterns in the timeline, to infer the user’s routines, habits, and relationships with other people, organizations, places, and objects, and to exploit these patterns to ease its task"


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: The LifeLog program was canceled on February 3, 2004 (one day before the launching of Facebook), after criticism concerning the privacy implications of the system.


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: Generically, the term "lifelog" or "flog" is used to describe a storage system that can automatically and persistently record and archive some informational dimension of an object's (object lifelog) or user's (user lifelog) life experience in a particular data category.


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: News reports in the media described LifeLog as the "diary to end all diaries—a multimedia, digital record of everywhere you go and everything you see, hear, read, say and touch".


title: DARPA LifeLog

text: According to U.S. government officials, LifeLog is not connected with DARPA's Total Information Awareness.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: Technically the DB4 was not a development of the DB Mark III it replaced, nor did it evolve into the DB5. It had a platform rather than a tubular chassis with a new engine by Tadek Marek. The DB4's design formed the basis for later Aston Martin models, such as the DB4 GT Zagato, the Lagonda Rapide 4-door saloon.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: The lightweight "superleggera" (tube-frame) body was designed by Carrozzeria Touring in Milan, and its Continental looks caused a sensation on its unveiling at the 1958 London Motor Show. Although the design and construction techniques were Italian, the DB4 was the first Aston to be built at the company's Newport Pagnell works in Buckinghamshire, England.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: The 3.7 L (3670 cc/223 in³) engine, designed by Tadek Marek, a Polish born racing driver, has double overhead cam straight-6, with cylinder head and block of cast R.R.50 aluminium alloy, a further development of the earlier engine. The engine was prone to overheating initially, but the 240 hp (179 kW) produced by the twin-SU carburettor version made buyers forgive this unfortunate trait. Servo-assisted disc brakes were fitted all round: early Dunlops were replaced by Girlings. Initially the DB4 fitted 16-inch wheels with 600H16 Avon TurboSpeed crossply tyres, or 185VR16 Pirelli Cinturato CA67 as the radial option. In 1962 they moved onto 15-inch wheels with 6.70V15 Avon TurboSpeed with the upgrade option of 185VR15 Pirelli Cinturato radials. The independent front suspension used ball-jointed wishbones, coil springs and rack-and-pinion steering. The live rear axle also used coil springs and was located by a Watt's linkage. The normal final-drive ratio for British and European use was 3.54:1: in the United States the ratio was usually 3.77. Customers wanting a car with an especially high top speed could choose a 3.31:1 ratio.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: A car with the British standard 3.54 final drive ratio tested by "The Motor" magazine in 1960 had a top speed of and could accelerate from 0- in 9.3 seconds. A fuel consumption of was recorded. The test car cost £3967 including taxes.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: There were five "series" of DB4. The most visible changes were the addition of window frames in Series II and the adoption of a barred (rather than eggcrate) grille in Series IV. The Series III cars differed from the earlier ones in having taillights consisting of three small lamps mounted on a chrome backing plate. Earlier cars have single-piece units and the last Series V cars of September 1962 have similar taillights but recessed. The Series V also has a taller and longer body to provide more interior space, though the diameter of the wheels was reduced to keep the overall height the same. The front of the Series V usually was of the more aerodynamic style as already used on the Vantage and GT models, a style that was later carried over to the DB5 cars.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: A convertible was introduced in October 1961. It featured in-house styling similar to the Touring saloon, and an extremely rare factory hardtop was also available. In total, 70 DB4 convertibles were made from a total DB4 production run of 1,110 cars. 30 of these were Series IV, with the remaining 40 belonging to the Series V. 32 of the total convertibles built (11 and 21 of the different series respectively) were equipped with the more powerful Vantage engine. Top speed for the regular version is about 136 mph.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: The DB4 GT was a special lightweight, high-performance version of the DB4. Introduced in September 1959, it featured enclosed headlights and a thinner aluminium skin for lighter weight. The wheelbase was also reduced in comparison to the standard car, which resulted in many cars not being fitted with rear seats.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: The engine was what made the GT special. Available in 3.7 L (3670 cc/223 in³) and 3.8 L (3750 cc/228 in³) versions, the engine had two sparkplugs per cylinder with two distributors and three twin-choke Weber carburettors. Modifications to the cylinder head brought compression to 9.0:1 and power output was 302 hp (225 kW). Maximum speed for the GT was 151 mph (243 km/h) with a 6.1 second sprint to 60 mph (97 km/h). It was the fastest road legal production car at the time.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: Seventy-five GTs were built with this body style. Nineteen more were modified by the Zagato works in Italy into "DB4 GT Zagatos", with plain oval grilles, Borrani wire wheels and a smoothed out rear end without the stock GT's tail fins. A single car was styled by Bertone and dubbed the Bertone Jet.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: In 2016 Aston Martin Works announced that a further twenty-five track-only cars based on the 1959 lightweight specification would be manufactured at its Newport Pagnell plant, each costing around £1.5M with delivery expected in late 2017.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: With the introduction of the Series IV in 1961, a high-performance DB4 Vantage was offered. It featured three SU carbs and special cylinder heads, increasing power to 266 hp (198 kW). Most Vantage models used the enclosed headlights of the DB4 GT. In all, there were 136 saloons and 32 convertibles with the Vantage engine.


title: Aston Martin DB4

text: A tiny number of non-GT DB4s used the GT's more-powerful engine. This combination is often called a Vantage GT, though not all included the Vantage package and none was technically a GT. Three Series III, five Series IV, and six Series V cars have this unusual combination of body and engine for a total of 14.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Paranoia is a dystopian science-fiction tabletop role-playing game originally designed and written by Greg Costikyan, Dan Gelber, and Eric Goldberg, and first published in 1984 by West End Games. Since 2004 the game has been published under license by Mongoose Publishing. The game won the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Rules of 1984 and was inducted into the Origins Awards Hall of Fame in 2007. "Paranoia" is notable among tabletop games for being more competitive than co-operative, with players encouraged to betray one another for their own interests, as well as for keeping a light-hearted, tongue in cheek tone despite its dystopian setting.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Several editions of the game have been published since the original version, and the franchise has spawned several spin-offs, novels and comic books based on the game.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: A crowdfunding at Kickstarter for a new edition was successfully funded. Delivery to backers began in March 2017.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The game is set in a dystopian future city controlled by the Computer (also known as "Friend Computer"), and where information (including the game rules) are restricted by color-coded "security clearance". Player characters are initially enforcers of the Computer's authority (known as Troubleshooter, mainly for the fact that they shoot trouble), and will be given missions to seek out and eliminate threats to the Computer's control. The player characters are also part of prohibited underground movements (which means that the players' characters are usually "included" among the aforementioned 'security threats'), and will have secret objectives including theft from and murder of other player characters.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "Paranoia" is a humorous role-playing game set in a dystopian future along the lines of "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Brave New World", "Logan's Run", and "THX 1138"; however, the tone of the game is rife with black humor, frequently tongue-in-cheek rather than dark and heavy. Most of the game's humor is derived from the players' (usually futile) attempts to complete their assignment while simultaneously adhering to the Computer's arbitrary, contradictory and often nonsensical security directives.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The "Paranoia" rulebook is unusual in a number of ways; demonstrating any knowledge of the rules is forbidden, and most of the rulebook is written in an easy, conversational tone that often makes fun of the players and their characters, while occasionally taking digs at other notable role-playing games.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The game's main setting is an immense, futuristic city called Alpha Complex. Alpha Complex is controlled by the Computer, a civil service AI construct (a literal realization of the "Influencing Machine" that some schizophrenics fear). The Computer serves as the game's principal antagonist, and fears a number of threats to its 'perfect' society, such as the Outdoors, mutants, and secret societies (especially Communists). To deal with these threats, the Computer employs "Troubleshooters", whose job is to go out, find trouble, and shoot it. Player characters are usually Troubleshooters, although later game supplements have allowed the players to take on other roles, such as High-Programmers of Alpha Complex.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The player characters frequently receive mission instructions from the Computer that are incomprehensible, self-contradictory, or obviously fatal if adhered to, and side-missions (such as Mandatory Bonus Duties) that conflict with the main mission. Failing a mission generally results in termination of the player character, but succeeding can just as often result in the same fate, after being rewarded for successfully concluding the mission. They are issued equipment that is uniformly dangerous, faulty, or "experimental" (i.e., almost certainly dangerous "and" faulty). Additionally, each player character is generally an unregistered mutant and a secret society member (which are both termination offenses in Alpha Complex), and has a hidden agenda separate from the group's goals, often involving stealing from or killing teammates. Thus, missions often turn into a comedy of errors, as everyone on the team seeks to double-cross everyone else while keeping their own secrets. The game's manual encourages suspicion between players, offering several tips on how to make the gameplay as paranoid as possible.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Every player's character is assigned six clones, known as a "six-pack", which are used to replace the preceding clone upon his or her death. The game lacks a conventional health system; most wounds the player characters can suffer are assumed to be fatal. As a result, "Paranoia" allows characters to be routinely killed, yet the player can continue instead of leaving the game. This easy spending of clones tends to lead to frequent firefights, gruesome slapstick, and the horrible yet humorous demise of most if not all of the player character's clone family. Additional clones can be purchased if one gains sufficient favour with the Computer.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "Paranoia" features a security clearance system based on colors of the visible spectrum which heavily restricts what the players can and cannot legally do; everything from corridors to food and equipment have security restrictions. The lowest rating is Infrared, but the lowest playable security clearance is Red; the game usually begins with the characters having just been promoted to Red grade. Interfering with anything which is above that player's clearance carries significant risk.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The full order of clearances from lowest to highest is Infrared (visually represented by black), Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet, and Ultraviolet (visually represented by white). Within the game, Infrared-clearance citizens live dull lives of mindless drudgery and are heavily medicated, while higher clearance characters may be allowed to demote or even summarily execute those of a lower rank and those with Ultraviolet clearance are almost completely unrestricted and have a great deal of access to the Computer; they are the only citizens that may (legally) access and modify the Computer's programming, and thus Ultraviolet citizens are also referred to as "High Programmers". Security clearance is not related to competence but is instead the result of the Computer's often insane and unjustified calculus of trust concerning a citizen. It is suggested that it may in fact be the High Programmers' meddling with The Computer's programming that resulted in its insanity.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In the game, secret societies tend to be based on sketchy and spurious knowledge of historical matters. For example, previous editions included societies such as the "Seal Club" that idolizes the Outdoors but is unsure what plants and animals actually look like. Other societies include the Knights of the Circular Object (based on the Knights of the Round Table), the Trekkies, and the First Church of Christ Computer Programmer. In keeping with the theme of paranoia, many secret societies have spies or double agents in each other's organizations. The 1st edition also included secret societies such as Programs Groups (the personal agents and spies of the High Programmers at the apex of Alpha Complex society) and Spy For Another Alpha Complex.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The actual societies which would be encountered in a game depends on the play style; some societies are more suited for more light-hearted games (Zap-style, or the lighter end of Classic), whereas others represent a more serious threat to Alpha Complex and are therefore more suitable for Straight or the more dark sort of Classic games.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Six editions have been published. Three of these were published by West End Games - the 1st, 2nd, and "Fifth" Editions - whereas the later three editions ("Paranoia XP", the 25th Anniversary edition and the "Red Clearance" edition) were published by Mongoose Publishing. In addition to these six published editions, it is known that West End Games were working on a "Third Edition" - to replace the poorly received Fifth Edition - in the late 1990s, but their financial issues would prevent this edition from being published, except for being included in one tournament adventure.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: 1st edition was written by Greg Costikyan, Dan Gelber, and Eric Goldberg - published in 1984 by West End Games. In 1985, this edition of "Paranoia "won the Origins Award for "Best Roleplaying Rules of 1984". This edition, while encouraging dark humour in-game, took a fairly serious dystopian tone; the supplements and adventures released to accompany it emphasised the lighter side, however, establishing the freewheeling mix of slapstick, intra-team backstabbing and satire that is classically associated with a game of "Paranoia".


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: 2nd edition credited to Costikyan, Gelber, Goldberg, Ken Rolston, and Paul Murphy was published in 1987 by West End Games. This edition can be seen as a response to the natural development of the line towards a rules-light, fast and entertaining play style. Here, the humorous possibilities of life in a paranoid dystopia are emphasised, and the rules are simplified.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Many of the supplements released for the Second edition fall into a story arc set up by new writers and line editors that was intended to freshen up the game and broaden roleplay possibilities. Players could travel in space and time, play in a Computerless Alpha Complex, or an Alpha Complex in which Computer battled for control with other factions. Some fans criticized the change to the default narrative. Second edition supplements can generally be divided into four eras:


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "Fifth Edition" was published in 1995 by West End Games. It was the third edition of the game released; two editions were skipped as a joke, and possibly also as a reference to the two major revisions to the game released during the lifetime of the Second Edition with the Crash Course Manual and the Paranoia Sourcebook. It has since been declared an "un-product" by the writers of the current edition, due to its extremely poor commercial and critical reception. Almost none of the original production staff were involved, and the books in this line focused less on the dark humor and oppressive nature of Alpha, and more on cheap pop culture spoofs, such as a "" parody. It had a lighter and sillier atmosphere and fans and more cartoonish illustrations.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In his introduction to "Flashbacks", a compilation of "Paranoia" adventures from the West End Games era, Allen Varney details the management decisions which led, in the eyes of many, to the decline of the "Paranoia "line, and cites rumours that the line saw a 90% decline in sales before West End Games went into bankruptcy:


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Art director Larry Catalano left West End in 1986. Catalano’s successor fired (illustrator) Jim Holloway and brought in a succession of increasingly poor cartoonists. (Writer/editor) Ken Rolston left shortly thereafter for unrelated reasons. In Ken’s wake, developers Doug Kaufman and Paul Murphy in turn briefly supervised the Paranoia line. After they too departed, editorial control fell to—how do I put this tactfully?—people with different views of the Paranoia line.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Following the unfavorable reception of the Fifth Edition, West End Games began planning a new edition of the game, which would be released as the "Third Edition". Pages from this planned edition were exhibited at Gen Con in 1997 - two years after the release of the Fifth Edition. Due to West End Games' financial problems this edition was never completed. In an interview in 1999 Scott Palter of West End expressed hopes that the Third Edition would be published that summer; however, he also disclosed that court proceedings had been begun by the original designers in order to reclaim the rights to the game. The designers did succeed in purchasing the rights to the game, putting an end to any possibility that the final West End Games edition would be released.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Following the bankruptcy of West End Games, the original designers of "Paranoia" banded together and purchased the rights to the game from West End in order to regain control of the line. The designers in turn granted a license to Mongoose Publishing to produce a new version of the game, with the result that "Paranoia XP", written by Allen Varney, Aaron Allston, Paul Baldowski, Beth Fischi, Dan Curtis Johnson and Greg Costikyan, was published in 2004. In 2005, Microsoft requested that the 'XP' be removed. As such, the name was shortened to just "Paranoia". This edition of the game has received a much warmer critical reception, as well as selling well.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: This edition also introduced three different styles of play, with some game mechanics differing between the various modes to support the specific tone being sought-after:


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Primary designer Allen Varney, in the designer's notes, explained that his aim with the new edition was to return to the game's roots whilst updating both the game system and the satirical setting to take account of twenty years of game design progress. In both the core rulebook and the "Flashbacks" supplement - a reprint of classic adventures originally published by West End Games - Varney was highly critical of West End Games' handling of the product line in its latter days. In a posting on RPG.net he explained that the point of including the three playstyles in "Paranoia XP" was to counteract the impression that "Zap"-styled play was the default for "Paranoia", an impression which had in part been created by the more cartoonish later supplements in the West End Games line (as well as "Fifth Edition").


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In order to distance the new edition from the less commercially and critically successful aspects of the West End Game line, and to discourage new players from wasting time and money on what he considered to be inferior products, Varney additionally used the designer's notes to declare many West End products, including the "Fifth Edition" and everything published for the 2nd Edition after "The People's Glorious Revolutionary Adventure", to be "unproducts" - no longer part of the game's continuity, and not recommended for use with the new edition. An upshot of this is that much of the poorly received metaplot established late in the West End Games line, from the Secret Society Wars to the Reboot and beyond, was disposed of. Varney has explained that this is due mainly to his distaste for the direction the metaplot took the game line in, a distaste he asserts is shared by the game's fan community. He has also stated that he personally has little affection for the "Zap" style, and therefore may have given it short shrift in the main rulebook, although later supplements for "Paranoia XP" did provide more support for Zap play.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Long-time "Paranoia" artist Jim Holloway, called "the master of the fun-filled illustration", drew the cover art and much of the internal art for the game until 1986. His art for the series generally portray comedic scenarios that capture the essential "deathtrap" feeling of Alpha Complex. "Paranoia XP" marked his return to the line as well; he designed every cover of the XP edition, and many books contain both his classic and new "Paranoia" art.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: While "Paranoia XP" kept Communists as the big bad scapegoat in spite of the Cold War being long over, the updated edition integrates several 21st-century themes into its satire. Troubleshooters carry PDCs (Personal Digital Companion) that are reminiscent of Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones and can try to acquire gear by bidding on CBay (an obvious pun on eBay). New threats to Alpha Complex include file sharing, phishing scams, identity theft and weapons of mass destructions. Consumerism in Alpha Complex has been tooled into its economy and has taken on an element of patriotism, echoing sentiments expressed after 9/11 along similar trends. A mission pack released in 2009 titled "War On (Insert Noun)" lampoons government initiatives like the War on Drugs and the War on Terror.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In writing the new edition, Varney, Goldberg and Costikyan reached out to and actively collaborated with the "Paranoia" online fan community through an official blog and through Paranoia-Live.net. In addition, Varney ran an online game, the "Toothpaste Disaster", where players took the role of High Programmers documenting the titular disaster in a Lexicon format. Many ideas established in the "Lexicon" game were written into the rulebook. Later, some of the best players and writers from the game and a few other places were formally integrated as the Traitor Recycling Studio to write official "Paranoia" material; their first credited work was the mission supplement "Crash Priority".


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In 2006, Varney's fellow "Paranoia" writer, Mongoose Publishing employee Gareth Hanrahan, took over as primary writer for the "Paranoia" line. During the lifetime of the XP line Mongoose released numerous supplements and adventures for the game. Notable amongst the supplements was "Extreme Paranoia", which provided ideas for scenarios based around characters of security clearances Orange to Violet, with premises differing greatly from the standard Red-clearance Troubleshooter concept but remaining thematically appropriate to the game's setting and atmosphere. (This included an updated reprint of the 1st Edition supplement "HIL Sector Blues", which focused on playing Blue-clearance IntSec agents.) The idea of devising new and varied concepts to base "Paranoia" adventures and campaigns around would be revisited for the next edition of the game.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In June 2009, Mongoose Publishing announced that they would be retiring the books in the XP line to clear the way for the 25th Anniversary Edition line - revealing a new edition of the rulebook as well as two new rulebooks, one casting the players as higher-clearance Internal Security investigators and one as Ultraviolet High Programmers. They stated that the "XP "material would "maintain a 90% compatibility rating with the new "Paranoia "books".


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Each of the three books is an entirely self-contained and playable game: "Paranoia: Troubleshooters", "Paranoia: Internal Security", and "Paranoia: High Programmers". The "Troubleshooters" volume presents a slimmed-down version of the "XP "rules, the most notable difference being the removal of the Service Firms and the advanced economy of the "XP "edition, with the focus firmly on the game's traditional premise of casting the player characters as Red-clearance Troubleshooters. The "Internal Security" volume casts the player characters as Blue-clearance Internal Security agents, a refinement of the premise of the 1st edition supplement "HIL Sector Blues" (reprinted in the "XP "line as part of "Extreme Paranoia"). The third game, "Paranoia: High Programmers", casts the player characters as the Ultraviolet-clearance elite of Alpha Complex society and focuses on the political plotting and infighting that dominates the High Programmers' lives, a premise not dissimilar to the Violet-level campaign ideas presented in "Extreme Paranoia".


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The "Troubleshooters" volume retains the play styles of the "XP "rulebook; however, the "Classic" playstyle is assumed by default, with "Zap" and "Straight" relegated to an appendix. Allen Varney, designer of the "XP "edition, explained in a posting on RPG.net that this decision came about as a result of the XP edition successfully convincing the wider gaming public that "Zap" was not the default playstyle for the game; since it was now generally accepted that "Paranoia "could have a variety of playstyles and each GM would interpret it somewhat differently, it was considered no longer necessary to emphasise the different playstyles in the main text. The "Internal Security" volume includes an appendix listing three new styles tailored for the game - "Heist", "Overkill" and "Horror". "High Programmers" does not specify playstyles.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: The most recent edition from Mongoose Publishing was announced through Kickstarter 24 October 2014. In a departure from previous Mongoose editions, RED Clearance Edition utilises a d6-based dice pool system as well as using cards for equipment, mutant powers, secret societies, and combat actions. The base game was primarily designed by James Wallis, and released in March 2017. Additional writing for the new edition was initially provided by Gareth Hanrahan, while the first major expansion, Acute PARANOIA, was written by various writers and funded through Kickstarter in 2018 for an early 2019 release.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In the Jan-Feb 1985 edition of "Space Gamer" (Issue No. 72), the editorial staff were enthusiastic about the game, commenting "If you're likely to take it personally when your best friend's character plugs "your" character from behind, "stay away from this game". But if you like high-tension suspense along with a slightly bent sense of humor, "Paranoia" is a unique and highly desirable experience."


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Marcus L. Rowland reviewed "Paranoia" for "White Dwarf" #65, giving it an overall rating of 7 out of 10, and stated that "I like Paranoia, but I'm not sure that I'd want to run it as a prolonged campaign. It's the sort of concept which works well as light relief from a 'serious' RPG campaign, and will definitely appeal to 'hack and slay' merchants. Dedicated rule lawyers and wargamers will hate it. Overall, a lot of fun for a minimum of three or four players."


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In the April 1988 edition of "Dragon" (Issue 132), Jim Bambra thought that the second edition had marked improvements compared to the first edition: "The first edition of "Paranoia" promised hilarious fun and a combat system that didn’t get bogged down in tedious mechanics. It soon found a following among gamers looking for something different in their role-playing adventures. Still, a close inspection of the combat system revealed that it was slow moving and cumbersome. The mechanics were hard to grasp in places, making it difficult to get into the freewheeling fun. Now, all that’s changed. The "Paranoia" game has been treated to a revamp, and this time the rules are slick. All that tricky stuff which made the combat system such a pain to run has been shelved off into optional rules. If you want the extra complications, you’re welcome to them, or you can do what most people did anyway and simply ignore them." Bambra did express reservations about the suitability of the game for an on-going campaign, saying "It doesn't lend itself easily to long-term campaign play. This game is best treated as a succession of short adventure sessions in which players get to enjoy themselves doing all those despicable things that would spoil a more 'serious' game." However Bambra concluded with a recommendation, saying "As a tongue-in-cheek science-fiction game, this one is hard to beat."


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In "The Games Machine" #3, John Wood enjoyed the "darkly humorous" artwork of the second edition, and complimented the writers for a better-organized set of rules. He concluded, "The new edition is far more suitable for those with little or no RPG experience, and is excellent value for a complete system (just add a 20-sided die)."


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: In a 1996 reader poll conducted by "Arcane" magazine to determine the 50 most popular roleplaying games of all time, "Paranoia" was ranked 7th. Editor Paul Pettengale commented: "For players of games where character development and campaign continuity are a priority, "Paranoia" is an absolute no-no. If a character (of which there are six versions - each person in Alpha Complex has six clones) lives through an entire scenario then they're doing well. Hell, they're doing better than well, they're probably Jesus Christ reborn (er, no offence intended, all ye Christian types). Suffice to say that "Paranoia" is, and always will be, a complete laugh - it should be played for nothing more than fun".


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "Paranoia" was chosen for inclusion in the 2007 book "Hobby Games: The 100 Best". Steve Jackson described the game as "the first sophisticated parody of the basic tropes of roleplaying. Paranoia didn't offer dungeons full of monsters with sillier names than those in "D&D". It introduced something scarier... the futuristic tunnels of Alpha Complex, in which all the monsters were human and nobody ever got out. "Paranoia" held all of roleplaying, as it was then practiced, to a dark and twisted mirror. Then it threw cream pies."


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "JParanoia" is freeware fan-made software specifically created for playing Paranoia over the Internet. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine and consists of a client and a server with built-in features for character and gameplay management. In September 2004, both attracted some mainstream attention when the UK edition of PC Gamer magazine ran an article about Paranoia as one of their "Extra Life" columns and showcased "JParanoia" and Paranoia Live; coincidentally the publicity came right before the site was poised to celebrate the launch of the new Paranoia edition from Mongoose.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: Paranoia was also made into a video game called "The Paranoia Complex" released in 1989 by Magic Bytes. It was available for Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. It took the form of a top-down maze shooter dressed in a Paranoia plot and trappings; reviews of the game from hobby magazines of the period pegged it as mediocre to poor.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: A "Paranoia" mini-gamebook was published in issue #77 of SpaceGamer/FantasyGamer magazine in the late 1980s. Unauthorized automated versions of the story (a Troubleshooter's assignment to undermine the subversive activity known as Christmas) have circulated via machine-independent ports to C, Python, Go and Inform as well as to Adventure Game Toolkit and for Applix, CP/M and the Cybiko.


title: Paranoia (role-playing game)

text: "Paranoia: Happiness is Mandatory" is a video game that was released on 5 December 2019, for PC on the Epic Games Store. It was developed by Cyanide and Black Shamrock studios and is published by Bigben Interactive. It is an isometric view real-time RPG. In mid-January 2020, the game was removed from the Epic Games Store without explanation from Cyanide or BigBen Interactive. As of 30 April 2020, no public explanation had occurred. Court reports discovered in April 2022 suggest a lawsuit involved the creators of the property against the publishers are a factor


title: David Puttnam

text: David Terence Puttnam, Baron Puttnam, CBE, HonFRSA, HonFRPS, MRIA (born 25 February 1941) is a British film producer, educator, environmentalist and former member of the House of Lords. His productions include "Chariots of Fire", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, "The Mission", "The Killing Fields", "Local Hero", "Midnight Express" and "Memphis Belle". In 1982, he received the BAFTA for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema, and in 2006 he was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam sat on the Labour benches in the House of Lords, although he was not principally a politician. In 2019 he was appointed chair to the select committee on democracy and digital technologies. The committee published its findings in its "Digital Technology & the Resurrection of Trust" report in June 2020.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam was born in Southgate, London, England, the son of Marie Beatrix, a housewife of Jewish origin, and Leonard Arthur Puttnam, a photographer. Educated at Minchenden Grammar School in London, Puttnam had an early career in advertising, including five formative years at Collett Dickenson Pearce, and as agent acting for the photographers David Bailey and Brian Duffy.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam turned to film production in the late 1960s, working with Sanford Lieberson's production company Goodtimes Enterprises. The first feature he produced was "Melody" (1971), based on a script by Alan Parker and which was a minor hit.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam and Lieberson produced the documentaries "Peacemaking 1919" (1971), "Glastonbury Fayre" (1972), and "Bringing It All Back Home" (1972). Their second film, "The Pied Piper" (1972), directed by Jacques Demy was not a success, but "That'll Be the Day" (1973) with David Essex proved a hit.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam and Lieberson went on to produce "The Final Programme" (1973), a science fiction film, and made some more documentaries, these being "Double Headed Eagle: Hitler's Rise to Power 1918-1933" (1973) and "Swastika" (1974).


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam and Lieberson executive-produced the Ken Russell biopic "Mahler" (1974), and did a sequel to "That'll Be The Day", entitled "Stardust" (1974) and directed by Michael Apted.


title: David Puttnam

text: There were more documentaries: "Radio Wonderful" (1974), "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" (1975), "" (1975) and "The Memory of Justice" (1976).


title: David Puttnam

text: A second film with Russell, "Lisztomania" (1975), was a box office disaster and led to the end of the Puttnam-Lieberson partnership.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam had a box office success with "Bugsy Malone" (1976), a musical he executive-produced, written and directed by Alan Parker, and produced by Alan Marshall. It was the last film Puttnam would make under the 'Goodtimes' banner. He went on to set up a new company, Enigma Films.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam produced "The Duellists" (1977), the directorial debut of Ridley Scott; and with Marshall once more, he produced "Midnight Express" (1978), directed by Parker from a script by Oliver Stone, and which was a notable box office success.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam made his first film in America, "Foxes" (1980), itself the directorial debut of Adrian Lyne. It was a box office flop.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam's next film was his most successful yet. "Chariots of Fire" (1981), the first feature directed by Hugh Hudson, became a massive hit and won the Academy Award for Best Picture. It was produced in association with Goldcrest Pictures.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam set up a television company, Enigma TV, and made a series of television films in association with Goldcrest, which carried Puttnam's name as executive producer. Six were made as a series called "First Love" for the fledgling Channel Four: "P'tang, Yang, Kipperbang" (1982), directed by Apted; "Experience Preferred... But Not Essential" (1982); "Secrets" (1983); "Those Glory Glory Days" (1983); "Sharma and Beyond" (1983); and "Arthur's Hallowed Ground" (1984). Other films produced for television were "Forever Young" (1983); "Red Monarch" (1983); and "Winter Flight" (1984).


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam continued to produce feature films. He had another success with "Local Hero" (1983), written and directed by Bill Forsyth; and also produced the acclaimed "Cal" (1984) directed by Pat O'Connor, and "The Killing Fields" (1984), directed by Roland Joffe.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam continued to executive produce television movies such as "The Frog Prince" (1985), "Mr. Love" (1985), "Defence of the Realm" (1986), and "Knights & Emeralds" (1986). He also produced "The Mission" (1986), directed by Joffe from a script by Robert Bolt, which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1986.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam was chairman and CEO of Columbia Pictures from June 1986 until September 1987. There he oversaw a development of the $270-million film package that has a number of 15-18 films for the first two years, and a number of 15 films for the next two years, and handled in such acquisitions, like "The Big Easy", from Kings Road Productions, and Spike Lee's low budget feature "School Daze", and made a decision to drop big-budget films in favor of smaller features, a move that did not sit well with Coca-Cola and Hollywood, and decided to let deals with existing contracts expire.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam returned to producing individual films with "Memphis Belle" (1990), "Meeting Venus" (1991), "" (1992), "Being Human" (1994), "War of the Buttons" (1994), "The Confessional" (1994), and "My Life So Far" (1995). He also executive-produced "The Josephine Baker Story" (1991), "" (1992), and "The Burning Season" (1994).


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam returned to the field of film production in 2015 to oversee pre-production of "Don’t Trust, Don’t Fear, Don’t Beg", Ben Stewart's account of the Arctic 30 incident. He stepped away from the role in 2019 when he was appointed to chair the House of Lords Special Committee ‘Democracy and Digital Technology’.


title: David Puttnam

text: In 1983, Puttnam was appointed CBE. In 1995 Puttnam was appointed as a Knight Bachelor. In 1997, he was created as a life peer and was granted Letters Patent to become Baron Puttnam, of Queensgate in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. On 12 October 2021, it was announced that Lord Puttnam would retire from the Lords after 24 years service on 27 October 2021. In 1998, Puttnam was named in a list of financial donors to the British Labour Party. In 2002, he chaired the joint scrutiny committee on the Communications Bill, which recommended an amendment to prevent ownership of British terrestrial television stations by companies with a significant share of the newspaper market. This was widely interpreted as being aimed at stopping Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation from buying Channel Five. When the government opposed the amendment, Puttnam brokered a compromise – the introduction of a 'public interest' test, to be applied by the new regulator Ofcom but without explicit restrictions.


title: David Puttnam

text: From 2004 to 2005, Puttnam chaired the Hansard Society Commission on Communication of Parliamentary Democracy, the final report of which urged all political parties to commit to a renewal of parliamentary life in an attempt to reinvigorate representative democracy. In 2007, he chaired the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Draft Climate Change Bill.


title: David Puttnam

text: From 2012 to 2017, Puttnam was the Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy to Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar (Burma). During the same period, Puttnam - who lives in Skibbereen, County Cork - was named Ireland's Digital Champion by Communications Minister Pat Rabbitte, TD.


title: David Puttnam

text: In August 2014, Puttnam was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to "The Guardian" opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue.


title: David Puttnam

text: In June 2019, Puttnam chaired the special House of Lords Democracy and Digital Technologies Committee, set up to investigate the impact of digital technologies on democracy and oversaw the publication of its findings in June 2020. The report, "Digital Technology & the Resurrection of Trust", made 45 recommendations to government to address the spread of misinformation and disinformation and the consequential erosion of public trust. And that the media has a duty to “balance freedom of expression with wider moral and social responsibilities.”


title: David Puttnam

text: Lord Puttnam announced his retirement from the House of Lords on 27 October 2021 as he delivered the Shirley Williams Lecture, detailing his reasons for leaving in his speech.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam founded Atticus Education in 2012. Atticus delivers interactive seminars on film and a variety of other subjects to educational institutions around the world.


title: David Puttnam

text: For 10 years, Puttnam was chairman of the National Film and Television School whose alumni included people such as Nick Park; and in 2017, he succeeded Richard Attenborough as Life President. Puttnam founded Skillset, which trains young people to become members of the film and television industries. From 2002 to 2009, he was UK president of UNICEF and remains an ambassador.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam was the first Chancellor of the University of Sunderland from 1997 until 13 July 2007. He was appointed an Honorary Doctor of Education during the School of Education and Lifelong Learning's Academic Awards Ceremonies and upon his retirement, he was granted the Freedom of the City of Sunderland. In 1998, he founded the National Teaching Awards and became its first chairman. He was the founding chairman of the General Teaching Council from 2000 to 2002, was appointed as Chancellor of the Open University from 2006 to 2017, and was also the Chairman of NESTA (The National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts) from 1998 until 2003. He was also on the board of directors of learning technologies company Promethean.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam is the patron of Schools NorthEast, an organisation set up in 2007 to represent all schools in the North East of England. He is also a patron of the Shakespeare Schools Festival (now Shakespeare Schools Foundation), a charity that enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres.


title: David Puttnam

text: In 2012 he founded Atticus Education delivering interactive seminars on film, media and screen to students at universities all over the world.


title: David Puttnam

text: From May 2014 until 2018, Puttnam was Chair of the Academic Board for Pearson College, part of Pearson PLC, the first FTSE 100 company to offer degrees in the UK. In March 2015, Puttnam was made a freeman at the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, in recognition of his service as chairman at the Sage Gateshead.


title: David Puttnam

text: Puttnam was a member of the Commonwealth of Learning's Board of Governors until January 2020 and stood down as Chair of Film London Executive Task Force in 2022. As well as being Chair of Atticus Education, today he holds a number of positions including President of the Film Distributors’ Association, Chair of the NAE Education Advisory Board, leading on the Groups Digital Transformation, Life President of the National Film & Television School, , UNICEF Ambassador, Member of the Advisory Board of Accenture (Ireland), Adjunct Professor of Film Studies and Digital Humanities at University College Cork, Adjunct Professor of the School of Media & Communications at RMIT University (Australia), Patron of the Dublin Bid World Summit on Media for Children 2020/2023 and International Ambassador, WWF.  He is a member of the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) Parliamentary Network.


title: David Puttnam

text: In October 2022 Lord Puttnam was awarded a fellowship by adult education provider, City Lit, for his contribution to the world of film and media.


title: David Puttnam

text: In 1982, Puttnam received the BAFTA Michael Balcon Award for his outstanding contribution to the British Film Industry. In February 2006, he was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship. He made the occasion notable by delivering a particularly moving homage to his late father, who had died before he could see his son receive the Best Picture Oscar for "Chariots of Fire". Puttnam also congratulated contemporary filmmakers (specifically George Clooney) for making films with integrity: the lack of such films being produced had been the reason for his retirement from the film industry in the late 1990s.