title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Vietnam has four COVID-19 vaccines, produced by Nanogen, Vabiotech, Polyvac and the Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC). The health ministry assessed the Nanocovax vaccine, produced by Nanogen, as the most promising. IVAC and Vabiotech completed their laboratory-scale production, and evaluated the safety and efficacy of their vaccines on animals. On 7 December, the institute announced successful Nanocovax animal test results. Ten days later, Nanogen began human trials of the vaccine. Nanogen began phase-II trials in Hanoi and southern Long An province on 26 February 2021. On 25 March, 26 volunteers who received the first phase-II shots between 26 February and 10 March received second Nanocovax shots. Some volunteers experienced side effects around the injection site, but did not require medical care. Results of the trial would be issued in May before preparing for the phase-III trial of 10,000 to 30,000 people. A Nanogen official told Nikkei Asia that if the government implemented its emergency designation, Nanovax might be rolled out in May. Deputy Minister of Science and Technology Phạm Công Tạc and Deputy Prime Minister Vũ Đức Đam received second doses of Nanocovax on 26 March 2021.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: COVIVAC (the second Vietnamese-produced vaccine), developed by the Institute of Vaccine and Medical Biologicals (IVAC), began a human clinical trial on 21 January. IVAC studied the vaccine since May 2020, conducting successful pre-clinical trials in India, the United States and Vietnam; vaccine stability was evaluated at New York City's Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. On 15 March 2021, six volunteers were injected with COVIVAC at Hanoi Medical University. A vaccine with or without adjuvants, without preservatives, its vector is the Newcastle disease virus and it can be produced with chicken eggs (similar to influenza vaccines).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: On 8 September 2021, Deputy Minister of Health Tran Van Thuan met with France's Xenothera company to discuss collaboration on phase-III clinical trials of the XAV-19 COVID-19 drug and the transfer of production technology to Vietnam. The drug prevents the virus from developing, neutralises it and reduces inflammation.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: After approval of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 January 2021, vaccinations began on 8 March with a goal of vaccinating 80 percent of the population by June 2022. The Sputnik V vaccine was approved on 23 March 2021. The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine was approved for emergency use on 4 June and the Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen vaccines were approved on 12 June, 29 June and 15 July, respectively. Vietnam approved Abdala vaccine from the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology on 18 September, and Covaxin from Bharat Biotech on 10 November 2021.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The immunization campaign is Vietnam's largest ever, with over 150 million doses. Although the country has prevented disease and kept outbreaks under control, its COVID-19 vaccination program is considered slower than those of most Asian countries. Vietnam had administered 200,179,247 vaccine doses by 12 March 2022, and 221,807,484 doses had arrived in the country by 13 March. On 7 May 2021, Vietnam recorded the first death of a person vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine: a female, 35-year-old medical worker in An Giang province.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: In July 2021, the Ministry of Health authorized mixing first and second doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines with patient consent if supplies are limited. On 8 September, Vietnam allowed recipients of Moderna's vaccine to receive a different second dose due to lack of vaccines. The ministry authorized vaccinating children aged 12 to 17 on 14 October 2021.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Mekong Development Research Institute (MDRI) surveyed 1,335 Vietnamese in September 2020 about their opinions and experiences of the government's response to the pandemic. Respondents strongly supported the April national social-distancing order, with 88 percent praising its timing. Thirty-nine percent said that they consistently followed the order, and 12.2 percent followed it somewhat or disobeyed it. Eighty-nine percent of respondents said that they supported the government's measures to save as many lives as possible, even if it meant a slow economic recovery; a global average of 67 percent said that governments should prioritize saving lives over economic recovery.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: A January 2021 survey by Singapore's United Overseas Bank found that Vietnamese were Southeast Asia's most optimistic about their future, despite the economic and social challenges posed by the pandemic. About 81 percent of Vietnamese respondents said that they expected life to return to normal by the end of the year, and 72 percent believed that they would be financially better-off. "Their optimism could be due to Vietnam's success in handling the COVID-19 crisis, which has set a strong foundation for the recovery of the economy," UOB Vietnam CEO Harry Loh said. Another reason for Vietnamese optimism might be because most grew up during the Vietnam War and subsequent period.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: A number of businesspeople and celebrities have contributed to the fight against the pandemic. At a 20 March 2020 meeting with representatives of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Ho Chi Minh City, billionaire Johnathan Hanh Nguyen promised to donate 30 billion₫; 25 billion₫ was spent on medical equipment, and he donated a supermarket for use as an isolation area.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: State Committee for Overseas Vietnamese deputy chair Luong Thanh Nghi said that when the pandemic began in China and other Asia-Pacific countries, overseas Vietnamese in Eastern Europe provided nearly 80,000 medical masks, hundreds of sterile water bottles, protective clothing and surgical gloves to the Sơn Lôi commune, Vĩnh Phúc province and a number of hospitals in Hanoi. In August 2020, Vingroup (Vietnam's largest corporation) donated 3,200 ventilators and chemicals for 100,000 RT-PCR tests to the Ministry of Health.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: At the end of May 2021, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính ordered government agencies and ministries to establish a vaccine fund of cash and vaccine doses to purchase vaccines from abroad and supporting the production of domestic vaccines. Although the government said that it intends to secure 150 million vaccine doses in 2021 (vaccinating 70 percent of the population at a cost of US$1.1 billion), only $630 million was allocated to vaccine procurement in the budget. By 10 June, over 253,000 businesses, banks and individuals pledged to contribute $179 million to the fund. According to the Ministry of Finance, another $140 million was pledged by businesses. Hanoi residents were reportedly forced to contribute to the fund.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Many Vietnamese work abroad, and many Vietnamese families depend on remittances from relativesabout 17 billion in 2019 (according to the World Bank) but expected to drop 7.6 percent in 2020, the first drop in 11 years. The Overseas Labor Bureau reported that about 54,300 workers left Vietnam to work abroad in the first eleven months of 2020, down from 148,000 in 2019. Mekong Development Research Institute director Phung Duc Tung said that the biggest challenge for overseas workers when they returned is losing their jobs due to the lack of official information about repatriation dates and a government plan. "This led to psychological problems, depression, pessimism, and there was a suicide case when he returned to Vietnam", Tung said, referring to a Vietnamese driver who killed himself in a quarantine facility. He helped a group of undocumented Chinese citizens he believed faced pandemic-related financial problems enter the country for $260 per person.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Strict government measures left many citizens trapped abroad. At the end of April 2020, Hanoi organized charter repatriation flights; about 65,000 Vietnamese were repatriated on 235 flights. Demand exceeds supply, however, and many risk criminal charges in illegally attempting to return home. Some illegal returnees tested positive for COVID-19 after living in communities for a long time. The Vietnam Border Guard detained over 31,000 illegal entrants in 2020, including 25,000 from China; the remainder were from Laos and Cambodia.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Although authorities imposed mandatory measures to prevent disease spread, some people left quarantined areas or were dishonest about reporting symptoms; in March 2020, the first patient in Hanoi did not provide an accurate travel history. Anger was reported at infections in the Muslim community returning from Malaysia's Tablighi Jamaat festival; several patients did not self-quarantine in Vietnam, and attended Islamic events in Ho Chi Minh City. A 28-year-old Vietnam Airlines attendant breached self-isolation protocols by going outside and attending university, infecting a friend (who infected others).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: On 24 February 2020, a group of 20 South Koreans arrived in Da Nang on a flight from Daegu (South Korea's COVID-19 epicentre).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Some refused to isolate, and were returned home. YTN reported that Korean citizens were "detained" in poor conditions.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: A riot alleging weak government disease control broke out in South Tân Uyên Industrial Park on 21 August 2021. On 6 September, a 28-year-old man was sentenced to five years in prison and fined £630 for breaching COVID-19 restrictions and spreading the virus.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: On 3 March 2020, nearly one million masks of unknown origin were discovered in a warehouse by police in Tân Phú district, Ho Chi Minh City. Other cases involving illegal masks were prosecuted in An Giang province, Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng and Quảng Ninh province, in addition to other forms of fraud.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: At a 17 April 2020 meeting of the Steering Committee on COVID-19 Prevention and Control of Hanoi, Hanoi People's Committee chair Nguyen Duc Chung said that the Investigation Police Department on Economic, Corruption Crimes and Smuggling (C03) of the Ministry of Public Security had summoned Hanoi Center for Disease Control (HCDC) officials to an investigation of the purchase of COVID-19 testing machines. On 22 April, investigators determined that Hanoi CDC director Nguyen Nhat Cam and others had tripled the purchase price of a real-time PCR test-kit package. Chung and six others were charged with fraud, and he faced 10 years in prison.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: "Asia Times" reported, "A number of Vietnamese hotels and guesthouses have reportedly hung signs on their doors saying that Chinese guests are not welcome, while many Vietnamese have gone online to demand the closure of all border crossings with China." Signs implying that Chinese customers were not welcome were seen in front of a shop in Phú Quốc and a restaurant in Da Nang. South Koreans are reportedly screened due to widespread COVID-19 in South Korea, which has extensive trade with Vietnam. When racism began receiving more coverage in news and social media, the Vietnamese government announced that it would fine those who refused service to foreigners and set up a hotline for assistance and reporting violations.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Xenophobia was also evident in the use of Chinese vaccines. Control Risks lead analyst Nguyen Phuong Linh said that China's vaccine diplomacy had failed with Vietnam primarily because of anti-Chinese sentiment. Vietnamese leaders have strong public support, which they would not want to lose by using Chinese vaccines for most of the population. "From the beginning of the pandemic, the virus has been widely reported in Vietnam as originally coming from China. Since then, the anti-China sentiments, which were already strong, have shown no sign of weakening", Linh said. In June 2021, however, Vietnam approved the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine for emergency use and received a donation of 500,000 doses from China. Ho Chi Minh City received five million Sinopharm vaccine doses as part of a late-July corporate donation, triggering a public backlash. Le Dong Hai Nguyen, an economist at the Georgetown School of Foreign Service, suggested in "The Diplomat" that the Chinese vaccine debacle might be a publicity stunt in which the Vietnamese government leveraged anti-Chinese sentiment to boost public acceptance of the AstraZeneca vaccine: "Just as standing next to a less attractive friend makes you look better, Vietnam's strategy to briefly include the Chinese vaccines in its vaccine pool might just make the AstraZeneca vaccine look marginally more appealing". Le wrote that many Vietnamese were willing to wait for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines instead of taking the AstraZeneca vaccine because of concern about blood clots, which could "seriously derail Vietnam's already sluggish vaccination campaign" (dependent on the AstraZeneca vaccine).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Vietnam's economy was hit hard by the pandemic; private and national industries slowed, stocks fell and tourism faltered, making hundreds of thousands people jobless and relying on unemployment benefits to survive. According to government figures, 3,000 businesses closed in the first two months of 2020; however, Vietnam's economic growth was expected to exceed the Asian average of 2.2 percent. Despite the deceleration in economic activity, the Asian Development Bank reported that Vietnam's GDP growth rate was expected to remain one of the highest in the Asia-Pacific region. In November, the IMF said that Vietnam was expected to be the only Southeast Asian country expected to grow that year.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The Vietnam Industry Agency said that manufacturers lacked raw materials and components (mainly imported from Japan, China, and South Korea), endangering factory operations. The Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) and the World Bank surveyed almost 10,200 businesses (nearly 85 percent private domestic firms, the remainder in the FDI sector) about the impact of COVID-19; the survey indicated that the greatest difficulties for businesses during the pandemic were accessing customers, cash flow, labor, and supply-chain issues. VCCI Legal Department head Dau Anh Tuan said on 12 March 2021 that the pandemic had a generally-negative impact on Vietnamese businesses. The vast majority of survey respondents (87.2 percent) reported a negative effect; 11 percent were unaffected, and two percent reported growth. New businesses (in operation for less than three years), small companies, and micro-enterprises struggled the most. Industries with the highest negative-impact rates were the garment industry (97 percent), information and communications (96 percent), and electrical-equipment manufacturing (94 percent). Real estate and mining had negative-impact rates of about 80 percent, and FDI real estate, information and communications, agriculture and fisheries had an over-95-percent negative-impact rate.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Thirty-five percent of private companies and 22 percent of FDI firms laid off employees; thirty-six percent of private small and micro-enterprises, 26 percent of medium-sized businesses and 32 percent of large companies implemented layoffs. The Vietnam General Statistics Office said that exports were $99.36 billion, down 1.7 percent from the previous year. Imports were $97.48 billion, down three percent. Vietnam's exports to the EU and ASEAN fell by 12 and 13.4 percent, respectively.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The International Monetary Fund projected Vietnam's 2020 economic growth as 2.4 percent. IMF mission chief Era Dabla-Norris said that the country's growth was "among the highest in the world, thanks to its decisive steps to contain the health and economic fallout from COVID-19". The VCCI said that the pandemic gave Vietnam an opportunity to develop its economy when Japan, the US, the EU, and Australia might want to transfer portions of their supply chains from China. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) were expected to help the country diversify its economic and trade relations, create favorable conditions for Vietnamese businesses, and attract investment to prioritized industries and sectors.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Due to fears generated by a January 2021 outbreak in Hải Dương and Quảng Ninh, the VN Index fell 73.23 points (6.67 percent); it was the worst single-session loss since the September 11 attacks. On the Ho Chi Minh Stock City Stock Exchange (HoSE, on which the VN Index is based), 478 stocks lost and 20 gained. Of the 478, a record 276 stocks reached their floor prices (the lowest they could fall in a trading day). The VN30 index of the exchange's 30 largest-cap stocks fell 6.73 percent, with 29 stocks losing and one gaining. Twenty-eight of the 29 losing stocks fell to their floor prices.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: According to Vietnam's General Statistics Office, the number of employed workers in the first quarter of 2021 decreased by one million (to 49.9 million) from the previous quarter. The country had 9.1 million workers aged 15 and older who were negatively affected by the pandemic. Over half a million people lost their jobs, 2.8 million took unpaid leave, 3.1 million had their working hours cut, and 6.5 million reported reduced income; two-thirds of those people were between ages of 24 and 54. As many as 40,300 companies shut down in the first quarter, a year-over-year decrease of 16 percent. The pandemic changed working habits, prompting the use of online tools; at least 78,000 workers said that they turned to technological solutions to keep their jobs.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The April 2021 outbreak in the southern provinces further disrupted supply chains. Lockdowns prevented on-site work, dropping production capacity. Two major footwear suppliers for Adidas and Nike, Taiwan's Pouchen and South Korea's Changshin (with 41,000 workers) ceased operations on 14 July 2021. Six days later, Feng Tay (another Taiwanese sports-footwear manufacturer, which accounted for one-sixth of Nike's annual sales) closed several factories. According to the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS), over one-third of the country's garment and textile factories were closed and the immunization rate of the sector's workforce remained very low due to a delay by the Vietnamese government in purchasing vaccine. In August, textile businesses maintained good export capacity but were expected to face declines in growth beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Samsung, one of Vietnam's largest employers, had manufacturing problems with its smartphones when its injection-molding-equipment supplier went out of business. Near Ho Chi Minh City, the company's appliance facilities were operating at 50 percent of capacity. The outbreak disrupted a plan to shift production from China to Vietnam of Apple, Google, Amazon and their main suppliers. Google's Pixel 6 smartphone would still be manufactured in China, although Google had planned to move production to northern Vietnam in early 2020. Apple's plan to shift production of MacBook, AirPods and iPad to Vietnam was also postponed. Production of smart doorbells, security cameras and smart speakers for Amazon were delayed since a May outbreak in the north. Many Japanese businesses wanted to repatriate their staffs from Vietnam, and Chico's (a Florida-based women's clothing brand) and Callaway Golf (a golf manufacturer)h announced that some of their production had been moved to other countries. In August 2021, Nikkei Asia ranked Vietnam last in resilience after the pandemic. A two-month lockdown in Ho Chi Minh City (which contributes 20 percent of Vietnam's GDP) pushed many businesses to the limit when nearly all economic activity froze. Of 21,000 businesses surveyed by the Private Economic Development Research Board and "VnExpress", 70 percent had closed (largely because of supply-chain disruptions). Concern about the Delta outbreak drove tens of thousands of people from their workplaces. The lockdown jeopardized Vietnam's standing in the global supply chain. According to the General Statistics Office, the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in the third quarter of 2021 fell 6.17 percent from the previous year.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: At a 5 December 2021 forum to discuss economic recovery plans, Central Economic Commission deputy head Nguyen Thanh Phong said that Vietnam's economy would have grown by seven percent in 2020 and 2021 without the pandemic. The country's growth rate increased by 2.91 percent in 2020, and was expected to increase by 2.5 percent in 2021. The Vietnamese economy lost about 847,000 billion₫, equivalent to $37 billion.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: According to a December 2020 General Statistics Office report, 32.1 million people nationwide were affected by the pandemic; 69.2 percent lost income, 39.9 percent had their work hours reduced, and about 14 percent were laid off. The service-sector workforce had the heaviest losses (71.6 percent affected), followed by industry and construction (64.7 percent) and agriculture, forestry and fishery (26.4 percent). The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs said that the number of people filing for unemployment in May 2020 increased 44 percent from the previous year. In the first five months of 2020, 26,000 companies ceased operating. The ministry estimated that the number of workers affected by the pandemic could increase during the second quarter of 2020. Vietnam's workforce decreased by 1.2 million people that year; from 2016 to 2019 period, it increased by an average of 0.8 percent per year.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The pandemic changed quarterly workforce trends. From 2016 to 2019 period, the workforce was smallest in the first quarter before increasing gradually and peaking in the fourth quarter. In 2020, the workforce began to decline in the first quarter; it declined sharply before bottoming in the second quarter, gradually recovering in the third and fourth quarters.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Stores across Vietnam quickly sold out of surgical masks and hand sanitizer after the initial cases of COVID-19 were reported in January 2020, following a similar trend in other Asian countries. Interim Health Minister Vũ Đức Đam urged the public to remain calm during the outbreak and avoid excessive emergency buying. Vietnamese authorities moved to arrest people who profiteered from the outbreak.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Tourism is Vietnam's most-severely-affected industry, with the country's Civil Aviation Authority (CAAV) calling the pandemic the aviation industry's worst situation in the 60 years of the authority's existence. Of 234 Vietnam-registered aircraft, over 200 were grounded while airlines must spend hundreds of millions dollars on aircraft leasing costs, employee salaries, aircraft maintenance, and apron parking fees. Vietnam Airlines estimated that its 2020 revenues could decline by $2.1 billion. As many as 10,000 employees (over 50 percent of its staff) took unpaid leave. According to CEO Duong Tri Thanh, the carrier was experiencing the most difficult period in its history.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: According to the General Statistics Office, about 16,300 foreigners came to Vietnam in August 2020 (primarily experts arriving to work). Since 25 July 2020, when the second wave began, many tourist attractions have been closed and measures were implemented to curb the spread of infection. The ancient imperial city of Huế, popular with foreign visitors, was empty during the pandemic; Thừa Thiên Huế province's tourism department said that 80 percent of its hotels were closed, and 8,000 people had lost their jobs. Khánh Hòa province (where Nha Trang is located) saw its number of tourists fall by over 80 percent in 2020, and hundreds of hotels are being sold for low prices. Authorities have said that the pandemic has caused major difficulties for more than 1,100 accommodation facilities, and by February 2021 the provincial tourism department said that about 100 had suspended operations.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Revenue from lodging and food and beverage services in 2020 was $22.1 billion (down 13 percent), and travel-agency revenue was $776 million (down 59.5 percent). The tourism sector served 3.83 million visitors (compared with a record 18 million in 2019) as the government closed borders and canceled all international flights. Similar drops were seen in nearly all major markets, such as China, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan and France. According to a Ho Chi Minh City Department of Tourism report, about 90 percent of travel-related businesses in the city had to suspend operations during the pandemic's second wave.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: According to CAAV, 66 million passengers passed through the country's airports in 2020 (a 43.5-percent decrease). Twenty-two airports across Vietnam accommodated 340,000 flights operated by 68 foreign and five Vietnamese carriers, down 31.9 percent from 2019; they handled nearly 1.3 million tons of cargo, down 14.7 percent. Vietnam Airlines and two low-cost carriers (VietJet Air and Bamboo Airways) requested government support and refinanced loans, estimating that the industry would not fully recover until 2023 at the earliest.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The fourth wave of COVID-19 froze the summer 2021 tourist season, closing travel agencies, restaurants, hotels, and amusement parks. According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, in the first nine months of 2021 the number of domestic tourists decreased by 16 percent compared with 2020 and by 52 percent compared with 2019. Tourism revenue was almost 137 trillion₫, down 41 percent from 2020. At the end of September, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Lam Dong and Ho Chi Minh City resumed intra-provincial tourism. Ho Chi Minh City offers tours of Can Gio and Cu Chi and other, commercial tours for frontline doctors. In mid-October, foreign tourists were again allowed at isolated resorts and tourist areas. On 12 November, CAAV deputy director Vo Huy Cuong said that the agency planned to organize nearly 30 flights to Kiên Giang and Khánh Hòa province. CAAV received a flight plan five days later from Vietnam Airlines and from VietJet Air on 20 November to the island of Phú Quốc in Kiên Giang province. About 20 flights to Kien Giang and Khanh Hoa are planned from Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. On 17 November, a flight bringing 29 international tourists to Hội An landed at Da Nang International Airport. They were the first international tourists to return to Vietnam under the country's vaccine passport program since the March 2020 suspension of international arrivals.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: On 6 February 2020, under the leadership of Minister of Vietnam Education and Training Phung Xuan Nha, the Steering Committee for Disease Prevention and Control agreed to allow students to remain at home for an additional week after the Tết holiday. On 14 February, the Ministry of Health reported that schools would remain closed nationwide. The closure was linked to a nationwide 31 March quarantine order, effect the following day. Schools began to adopt online instruction, and the Ministry of Education and Training issued junior high- and high-school teaching plans for the second semester of the 2019–2020 academic year on 31 March.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: School closures from February to May impacted an estimated 21.2 million children nationwide, eliminating access to health and protective services and subsidized school meals. COVID-19 triggered school absences as children accompanied parents seeking employment opportunities in new locations. About three percent of rural households reported they stopped sending children to school due to reduced income. Household registration was an administrative barrier, especially for migrant children, to the public-education system. The pandemic exacerbated Vietnam's digital divide; many students live in remote regions with limited internet coverage, cannot afford devices required for online learning, or do not have teachers proficient in such learning. Online and distance-learning programmes did not attain nationwide coverage. Such learning programmes were available from primary to university levels in some provinces, focusing on grades 9 to 12 in others. Only large cities had programmes from elementary to high school, and user fees were required for some video lessons. Online and distance learning focused on maths, Vietnamese and English, and were often unavailable in ethnic-minority languages; extracurricular programmes such as sex education were often not covered. Half of a UNICEF survey's respondents reported that their children studied less, or not at all, while schools were closed. Many teachers were not equipped for online learning, with ethnic-minority and disabled children disproportionately affected.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: Contrary to a pre-pandemic positive forecast, 2020 pharmaceutical revenue increased by less than three percent (compared with an historical annual average of nearly 12 percent) due to social distancing and tight control of hospital visits. According to SSI Research, infection concerns and strict health procedures at many hospitals limited the number of patients who come for periodic check-ups, reducing the number of nationwide medical examinations and treatments by 10 to 15 percent. Consumers bought hand sanitizer and masks instead of over-the-counter drugs, reducing industry sales.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: However, 2020 was a "significant" year for merger and acquisition activity (M&A) in the pharmaceutical industry. The total value of M&A in 2020 is estimated at $72.8 million, with many foreign investors. The largest deal was SK Group (Korea)'s $39.8 million purchase of 25 percent of Imexpharm Pharmaceutical Company (IMP). Stada Arzneimittel (Germany), specializing in generic drugs, spent over $17.3 million increasing its ownership in Pymepharco Joint Stock Company from 70 to 76 percent; ASKA Pharmaceutical (Japan), specializing in gastrointestinal drugs, hormones and obstetrics and gynecology, spent $16 million to buy a 25-percent stake in Hataphar (Vietnam's second-largest drug company in 2019).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The pandemic challenged the pharmaceutical industry, especially with disease spread. Vietnam's rapidly-aging population and increasing per-capita income supports long-term growth of the healthcare market, so "the possibility of the industry recovering in 2021 [was] very likely".


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The pandemic delayed the 2020 V.League 1 season, affecting the Vietnam national football team's preparations for the 2022 World Cup qualifications. On 23 May 2020, Nam Dinh FC hosted a match against Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC before 10,000 fans at Thiên Trường Stadium; it was the world's first professional football match to allow spectators since the pandemic began. The inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix, scheduled to be part of the 2020 Formula One World Championship, was postponed and later cancelled. Due to international travel restrictions, esports winners of the Vietnam Championship Series could not participate in the 2020 League of Legends World Championship and the 2021 Mid-Season Invitational.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

text: The Vietnamese National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health commissioned Min and Erik to record "Ghen Cô Vy" ("Jealous [of] Coronavirus"), a remake of the 2017 song "Ghen" ("Jealous"), to promote preventative measures against the pandemic such as personal hygiene, hand-washing and social distancing. The song went viral, and was praised by John Oliver on "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver". UNICEF promoted the video to counteract COVID-19 hysteria.


title: Waybill

text: A waybill (UIC) is a document issued by a carrier giving details and instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of goods. Typically it will show the names of the consignor and consignee, the point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route. Most freight forwarders and trucking companies use an in-house waybill called a house bill. These typically contain "conditions of contract of carriage" terms on the back of the form that cover limits to liability and other terms and conditions.


title: Waybill

text: A waybill is similar to a courier's receipt, which contains the details of the consignor and the consignee and the point of origin and the destination.


title: Waybill

text: Most airlines use a different form called an air waybill which lists additional items such as airport of destination, flight number, and time.


title: Waybill

text: Under s.1(3) of the Act, a sea waybill is: "any document which is not a bill of lading but is such a receipt for goods as contains a contract for the carriage of goods by sea; and identifies the person to whom delivery of the goods is to be made by the carrier in accordance with that contract".


title: Waybill

text: s.2 continues: "...a person who becomes the person who (without being an original party to the contract of carriage) is the person to whom delivery of the goods to which a sea waybill relates is to be made by the carrier in accordance with that contract ... shall (by virtue of becoming the person to whom delivery is to be made) have transferred to and vested in him all rights of suit under the contract of carriage as if he had been a party to the contract of carriage".


title: Waybill

text: Note: the UK's Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 does NOT apply to contracts for the carriage of goods by sea.


title: Beakman's World

text: Beakman's World is an American educational children's television program. The program is based on the Universal Press Syndicate syndicated comic strip "You Can with Beakman and Jax" created by Jok Church. The series premiered on Wednesday, September 16, 1992, on TLC, and on various other channels a few days later through syndication on 220 other channels.


title: Beakman's World

text: On September 18, 1993, it moved from national syndication to CBS's Saturday morning children's lineup. At the peak of its popularity, it was seen in nearly ninety countries around the world. The series was canceled in 1998. Reruns returned to national syndication in September 2006, after which it was transferred to local stations such as KICU. The program's host, Paul Zaloom, still performs as Beakman in live appearances around the globe.


title: Beakman's World

text: The program starred Paul Zaloom as Beakman, an eccentric scientist who performed comical experiments and demonstrations in response to viewer mail to illustrate various scientific concepts from density to electricity to flatulence. When his experiments were successful, he would often exclaim "Zaloom!" in a nod to his last name.


title: Beakman's World

text: Over the years, Beakman was aided in his experiments by a female assistant just as in the comic strip on which it was based. The assistant's name changed throughout the show's run; for season 1, it was Josie (played by Alanna Ubach); for seasons 2 and 3, it was Liza (played by Eliza Schneider); and for season 4, it was Phoebe (played by Senta Moses). Beakman was also assisted by his "lab rat" Lester. In the pilot episode, Lester was a puppet, but in every subsequent episode he was simply a clueless, and crude man (Mark Ritts) in a tattered rat suit. In a running joke, it was sometimes implied that his character was actually supposed to be a rat, particularly in moments where he would appear to be in pain because someone was standing on his tail, because he was being tickled, something was on his prosthetic nose, etc. Just as frequently, however, he was specifically identified by himself and others as a guy in a rat suit, or as a serious actor with a bad agent. Frequently unwilling to help with challenges or other segments, Lester was often persuaded by Beakman with the promise of food.


title: Beakman's World

text: Another occasional cast member is the unseen cameraman "Ray", who is played by prop-master Ron Jancula's hands. Ray assists Beakman by handing him various items, such as the "boguscope". It is suggested throughout the program that Ray has a crush on the show's unnamed make-up lady. Actress Jean Stapleton also appeared on the show as Beakman's mother, "Beakmom". In some of the skits during the show the character Professor I. M. Boring (also played by Paul Zaloom, in a dual role) makes appearances and talks about various science topics.


title: Beakman's World

text: Zaloom also appeared as various "guest scientists" and historic figures, such as Thomas A. Edison, Robert H. Goddard and Philo T. Farnsworth. When Senta Moses was added to the show's cast, the producers began to use a majority of the sound effects from the NBC game show "Scrabble".


title: Beakman's World

text: One segment of the show was the famed "Beakman Challenge". During this segment, Beakman would challenge Lester to do a stunt that illustrated a basic scientific feat. During the first season, virtually every challenge related to either air pressure or Bernoulli's principle. The show addressed this during the second season, by having Lester exclaim to Beakman (as he was explaining the science behind a trick) "AIR PRESSURE! IT'S ALWAYS AIR PRESSURE!" In later episodes, the rest of the cast would sometimes have their turn to perform a "Beakman Challenge" under their own name (e.g. "The Lester Challenge" or "The Liza Challenge", etc.) and challenge Beakman to accomplish the feat.


title: Beakman's World

text: Before an experiment, the following verbal warning was given: "Any experiment performed at home should be done with adult supervision and all appropriate safety precautions should be taken. All directions should be followed exactly and no substitutions should be used." The same warning was given during the end credits.


title: Beakman's World

text: At the beginning and end of the show, as well as before or after commercial breaks, the show featured short scenes portraying puppet penguins, Don (voiced by Bert Berdis) and Herb (voiced by Alan Barzman), at the South Pole watching "Beakman's World" on television. The penguins were named after Don Herbert, who starred as Mr. Wizard in "Mr. Wizard's World". Mark Ritts (Lester) was also one of the puppeteers operating the penguins.


title: Beakman's World

text: "Beakman's World" plays in weekend syndication in the United States and in several other countries. It is distributed by Sony Pictures Television in the U.S. and in other countries.


title: Beakman's World

text: The "Beakman's World" theme song was composed by Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo fame. The "Beakman's World" theme is an amalgam of Zydeco and Synthpop. An accordion is used for its main riff. The song also prominently features a wide array of wacky sound effects.


title: Beakman's World

text: On September 7, 2004, a DVD entitled "The Best of Beakman's World" was released. This DVD is a direct transfer of the VHS tape of the same name, and features only experiments and segments taken from "The Beakman Challenge". There have yet to be any full-episode releases on DVD.


title: Beakman's World

text: All 4 seasons were available on Netflix with the exception of the following five episodes: 9 (1-9), 24 (1-24), 31 (2-5), 51 (2-25) and 66 (4-1), as noted in the chart above. Their streaming license ended on September 30, 2014, and the content was removed from their site. Beakman's World returned to television on MeTV beginning on October 2, 2016, showing two episodes every Sunday.


title: Beakman's World

text: In 1998, the Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal opened an interactive exhibit called "Beakman's World On Tour", based on the television show. The exhibits toured dozens of cities in the United States.


title: Harem pants

text: Harem pants or harem trousers are baggy, long pants caught in at the ankle. Early on, the style was also called a harem skirt. The original so-called 'harem pants/skirts' were introduced to Western fashion by designers such as Paul Poiret around 1910, although they themselves were inspired by Middle East styles, and by şalvar (Turkish trousers). The term 'harem pants' subsequently became popular in the West as a generic term for baggy trousers caught in at the ankle that suggest the Turkish style, or similar styles such as bloomers, the South Asian shalwar and patiala salwar; the Bosnian dimije; sirwal (as worn by Zouaves); and the Ukrainian sharovary.


title: Harem pants

text: In 1911 the Paris couturier Paul Poiret introduced harem pants as part of his efforts to reinvent and 'liberate' Western female fashion. His "Style Sultane" included the "jupe-culotte" or harem pant, made with full legs tied in at the ankle. Alternative names for the harem skirt/pants included "jupe-sultane" (sultan skirt), and "jupe-pantalon" (trouser-skirt). These designs were seen as controversial as Western women typically did not wear trousers. Poiret's explicit exoticism and references to Middle Eastern styles, using the imagery of harems and sultans to establish his Orientalist style, was widely regarded as immoral and inappropriately sexualised. Poiret himself insisted that he designed harem pants for the chic woman to show off "the harmony of her form and all the freedom of her native suppleness." Adam Geczy suggests that harem pants, as a direct cultural appropriation, represent the point at which Western fashion began seriously challenging traditional cultural claims to their own styles. Despite the fierce criticism from other designers such as Jeanne Paquin who specifically criticised how harem pants slumped rather than tapered at the ankle (unlike the hobble skirt), it was noted that Paquin's own collections showed signs of having been influenced by the new styles. Although Poiret is often credited with single-handedly inventing trousers for Western women, the couturier Jeanne Margaine-Lacroix presented wide-legged trousers in 1910, and a fellow couturier, Bourniche, is also credited with designing such styles at the time.


title: Harem pants

text: Harem pants came back into fashion in the 1980s, when they were remembered for being 'costumey.' A version of harem pants popularized in the late 1980s by M. C. Hammer became known as Hammer pants.


title: Harem pants

text: Harem pants are commonly worn with a pleated skirt—a short skirt that covers the top portion of the harem pants. Both harem pants and pleated skirts are commonly used in belly dancing. Harem pants are also used as a look alike for a dhoti in India.


title: Ibadan forest of horror

text: The Ibadan forest of horror, also known as the Ibadan house of horror or Soka, was a dilapidated building believed to have been used for human trafficking and ritual sacrifice located in Soka forest in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The building was discovered on March 22, 2014, by a group of motorcycle taxi drivers, who had formed an impromptu search party after the disappearance of a driver in the area.


title: Ibadan forest of horror

text: 23 survivors were rescued from the building, while numerous body parts, decomposing bodies and personal effects of victims were found in the surrounding area. The activities that occurred in the forest are believed to have been coordinated by unknown kidnappers and ritualists in the state who are often patronized by some affluent Nigerians and politicians who use human flesh for rituals.


title: Ibadan forest of horror

text: The buildings on the site have since been demolished and it has been redeveloped into Oyo State Comprehensive Model School, a secondary school.


title: Ibadan forest of horror

text: The discovery of the forest of horror generated controversy throughout Nigeria. There was a concern on the link between the management (kidnappers and ritualist) of the horror forest and some top government officials and notable politicians in the state but there seems to be no clear evidence to establish that fact. There was a claim by the youth in the area that the Oyo State Police command refused to investigate the forest despite several kidnapping cases reported in the state. Some of the survivors rescued from the den claimed that the ritualist kidnapped victims by claiming to be the officials of the urban renewal initiative coordinated by the Oyo State government.


title: Skiptrace

text: Skiptrace (also skip tracing, or debtor and fugitive recovery) is the process of locating a person's whereabouts. A skip tracer is someone who performs this task, which may be the person's primary occupation. The term "skip" (as a noun) refers to the person being searched for, and is derived from the idiomatic expression "to skip town", meaning to depart (perhaps in a rush), leaving minimal clues behind to "trace" the "skip" to a new location.


title: Skiptrace

text: Skip tracing tactics may be employed by a skip tracer, contact tracer, debt collector, process server, bail bondsman or bail agency enforcer (bounty hunter), repossession agent, bail enforcement agent, private investigator, lawyer, police detective, journalist, stalker or by any person attempting to locate a subject whose contact information is not immediately known. Similar techniques have also been used by investigators to locate witnesses in criminal trials.


title: Skiptrace

text: Skip tracing is performed in stages. The first step is to verify the information provided by the client to understand who the subject is and if the client has any misinformation. Then the skip tracer will start collecting as much information as possible about the subject. The information is then analyzed, reduced, and verified. Sometimes the subject's current whereabouts are in the data, but are obfuscated by the sheer amount of information or disinformation. Often, the job becomes more than mere research since one must often employ methods of social engineering, which involves calling or visiting former neighbors, or other known contacts to ask about the subject, sometimes under false or misleading pretenses.


title: Skiptrace

text: Records or Information that "skiptracers" use may include phone number databases, credit reports (including information provided on a loan application, credit card application, and in other debt collector databases), job application information, criminal background checks, utility bills (electricity, gas, water, sewage, phone, internet, and cable), social security, disability, and public tax information. While some of these records may be publicly available, some cannot be accessed without an appropriate search warrant, or a specific permissible purpose, which is generally only available to financial institutions, their contracted third-party vendors, law enforcement or licensed private investigators.


title: Skiptrace

text: Even when no specific information is returned, public and private databases exist that cross-reference skiptracing information with others the "skip" may have lived with in the recent past. For instance, if previous records show a "skip" lived in the same house as a third party, the third party may also be skiptraced in an effort to locate the primary target.


title: Skiptrace

text: In the past skip tracing used to include things like dumpster diving and pretext calls to utility companies. Currently, skip tracing is largely conducted online using paid databases and phone calls to gather and verify information. Modern social media platforms such as Facebook have greatly simplified skip tracing work.


title: Smilax ornata

text: Smilax ornata is a perennial trailing vine with prickly stems that is native to Mexico and Central America. Common names include sarsaparilla, Honduran sarsaparilla, and Jamaican sarsaparilla.


title: Smilax ornata

text: It is known in Spanish as ', which is derived from the words ' meaning "bramble" (from Basque "sartzia" "bramble"), and "", meaning "little grape vine".


title: Smilax ornata

text: "Smilax ornata" is used as the basis for a soft drink frequently called sarsaparilla. It is also a primary ingredient in old fashioned-style root beer, in conjunction with sassafras, which was more widely available prior to studies of its potential health risks.


title: Smilax ornata

text: "Smilax ornata" was considered by Native Americans to have medicinal properties, and was a popular European treatment for syphilis when it was introduced from the New World. From 1820 to 1910, it was registered in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia as a treatment for syphilis.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Top Gear: Polar Special is a special edition episode of BBC motoring programme "Top Gear" that was first broadcast on 25 July 2007 on BBC Two. The episode follows presenters Jeremy Clarkson and James May in their successful attempt to be the first people to reach the 1996 position of the North Magnetic Pole (in Canada) in a motor vehicle. They did not, however, reach the actual position of the North Magnetic Pole at the time. For added drama and competition, they raced against presenter Richard Hammond who travelled by dog sled, the traditional means of transport around the Arctic. This was the first episode ever aired in HDTV.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: At Resolute, Nunavut, Clarkson and Hammond announce their intention to travel from the small hamlet to the 1996 location of the magnetic north pole. Hammond will travel via dog sled, aided by American explorer Matty McNair, while Clarkson and co-presenter James May attempt to beat them, travelling by motor vehicle, a feat that had not before been achieved. Clarkson chooses to use a Toyota Hilux, modified for arctic conditions by Arctic Trucks, to prove that Arctic exploration can be quicker and more luxurious than via traditional methods.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Clarkson and May's modified Hilux, a second Hilux and a Toyota Land Cruiser for the film crew started in December 2006. During the vehicle testing phase, the presenters were sent to Austria for cold-weather training by a former Royal Marines Reservist, who taught them basic survival skills. Before departure, they spent a further two nights of survival training out on the sea ice in Canada. Due to their constant tomfoolery, they were shown sobering images of the dangers of freezing weather and received a stark warning of the dangers they faced from polar explorer Ranulph Fiennes.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: At 13:00 on 25 April 2007, both expeditions set out from Resolute towards Bathurst Island, an uninhabited island where they would be making camp for the first day. Hammond and McNair moved at a steady pace during the initial days of their expedition, being stopped only by the presence of a polar bear following them, while Clarkson and May drew ahead by taking advantage of satellite navigation to ensure that their route took them over smooth ice. Problems soon developed for the Hilux, though, when it nearly fell through thin ice and had to be rescued by the support team, resulting in the need to plot a longer but safer route.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Three days after starting out and having reached firmer ice, the motorised expedition's speed reduced drastically as they began encountering difficult terrain. From this point on, the expedition had to rely on their guides to scout ahead for a safe routes, with some routes proving impassible, forcing the team to backtrack. Extensive delays over the next two days saw the sled team catch up, although Hammond admitted that the physical and mental strain was already starting to take its toll on his health.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Clarkson's anger at being delayed led to poor decision making and damage to the vehicle, causing further delays and straining the relationship between Clarkson and May. However, they eventually passed through the boulder field and regained the lead on the sled team, encountering a crashed C-47 near Isachsen. Meanwhile, Hammond and McNair's relationship became more strained as Hammond began to realise that they were unlikely to win. This was confirmed on the morning of 2 May 2007 when the GPS system in Clarkson and May's Hilux read and confirmed that the team was finally within 1 mile of the 1996 location of the North Magnetic Pole (). Note that this was in northern Canada, 800 miles from the actual North Pole and a few hundred miles from the actual North Magnetic Pole in the Arctic Ocean at the time of the expedition. Following their victory, Clarkson and May contacted Hammond and revealed that they had reached the finish line. Hammond never made it to the destination, as it felt cruel to make him go on "just so Clarkson could gloat", so instead, he was collected along with the other presenters to be evacuated by plane.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: For the end credits, in homage to Sir Ranulph Fiennes, each person who had been involved with the filming of the episode had their first name replaced with the words "Sir Ranulph" (e.g. "Sir Ranulph Clarkson, Sir Ranulph Hammond, Sir Ranulph May").


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Note that the finish line, near an old weather station, was called "The North Pole" for entertainment purposes only; the actual North Pole is 800 miles further north, and the actual North Magnetic Pole at the time was a few hundred miles further north. The magnetic pole wanders, and is presently 1000 miles from the 1996 position. The "expedition" was undoubtedly a hard challenge, but the 300-mile drive took place entirely within the territory of Canada, only about 150 miles further North than Canada's Northernmost town, Grise Fiord, and still to the south of several permanently inhabited places. The landscape depicted is not the polar ice cap, but the frozen sea among the islands of Nunavut, Canada. Still, the events depicted should be understood as an actual polar expedition.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: The vehicles used in the special challenge to reach the Pole were two 2007 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 3.0l diesel pickup trucks, one and a trailer, all of which were heavily modified by an Icelandic company, Arctic Trucks. The Hilux was chosen for its exceptional durability, as demonstrated in an earlier episode of "Top Gear". One Hilux was rigged with cameras for the presenters, and the others were used by the film crew, two driver/repair experts, and one polar expert.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: All vehicles underwent the same extensive modifications to make them suitable for the Arctic conditions, including:


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: While the Hilux used by Jeremy Clarkson and James May became an exhibit because of its achievement, the one used by the film crew was put into storage, until it was later re-used by James May in 2010 in his attempt to get close to the still-erupting Eyjafjallajökull volcano.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: The episode was largely scored with compositions by Clint Mansell and performed by the Kronos Quartet, particularly the pieces "Lux Aeterna" and "Death is the Road to Awe", from the soundtracks of "Requiem for a Dream" and "The Fountain", respectively. The episode also contained a segment from the soundtrack of John Carpenter's "The Thing", and also features the songs "The Killing Moon" and "Never Stop" by English alternative rock band Echo and The Bunnymen.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: In 2008, the BBC released a twin DVD box set entitled "Top Gear - The Great Adventures" (also known as "The Great Adventures: Polar and U.S. Special"), which contained both an extended version of the "Polar Special" and a cut-down version of the "." The "Director's Cut" of the extended version included an extra ten minutes of previously unseen footage, which included scenes of frostbitten extremities during the training in Austria, Clarkson and May discovering the abandoned Isachsen weather station (left vacant since 1978), and various other changes including new voice-overs and an alternative soundtrack to the original BBC broadcast release.


title: Top Gear: Polar Special

text: Later in the special, both Jeremy Clarkson and James May were shown to be drinking gin and tonic while driving through an ice field in the Arctic. The producers, May and Clarkson all claimed that they were beyond the jurisdiction of drink driving laws as they were in international waters at the time (but in fact the group never left the territory of Canada and were never in international waters), while Clarkson claimed that he was not driving but sailing ("piloting" a vehicle on (frozen) water as opposed to actual land). However, the BBC Trust found that the scene could "glamorise the misuse of alcohol" and that the scene "was not editorially justified in the context of a family show pre-watershed".


title: MASH (game)

text: MASH is a multiplayer paper-and-pencil game commonly played by children intended to predict one's future. The name is an acronym of "Mansion, Apartment, Shack/Street/Shed/Sewers/Swamp, and House". The game can be expanded or changed to "DMASH" (the "D" standing for "dome"), "MASHO" (the "O" standing for "outhouse"), "MASH-IT" (the "I" standing for "igloo" and the "T" standing for "tent"), "SMASH" (the "S" standing for "school bus"), "RAP MASH" (the "R" standing for "rich," the "A" standing for "average," and the "P" standing for "poor"), "MASH-N" (the "N" standing for "no house"), "CASH" (the "C" standing for "chateau" or "castle"), "PASH" (the "P" standing for "palace" or "penthouse"), or "BASH" (the "B" standing for "box").


title: MASH (game)

text: Additional variations include adding a potential car, future spouse, and ultimate career choice, among the numerous other possible categories.


title: MASH (game)

text: Example: You live in a mansion with kenton. you will be a photographer with 16 kids, 1 boy 15 girls. You will live in Denver.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was an American electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce of Fairchild) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1958. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics on December 10, 2000. Kilby was also the co-inventor of the handheld calculator and the thermal printer, for which he had the patents. He also had patents for seven other inventions.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Kilby was born in 1923 in Jefferson City, Missouri to Hubert and Vina Freitag Kilby. Both parents had Bachelor of Science degrees from the University of Illinois. His father was a manager at a local utility company. Kilby grew up and attended school in Great Bend, Kansas, graduating from the Great Bend High School. (Road signs at the entrances to the town commemorate his time there, and the Commons Area at Great Bend High School has been named The Jack Kilby Commons Area.)


title: Jack Kilby

text: Kilby received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was an honorary member of Acacia fraternity. In 1947, he received a degree in electrical engineering. He earned his Master of Science in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1950, while working at Centralab, a division of Globe-Union corporation in Milwaukee.


title: Jack Kilby

text: In mid-1958, Kilby, a newly employed engineer at Texas Instruments (TI), did not yet have the right to a summer vacation. He spent the summer working on the problem in circuit design that was commonly called the "tyranny of numbers", and he finally came to the conclusion that the manufacturing of circuit components "en masse" in a single piece of semiconductor material could provide a solution. On September 12, he presented his findings to company's management, which included Mark Shepherd. He showed them a piece of germanium with an oscilloscope attached, pressed a switch, and the oscilloscope showed a continuous sine wave, proving that his integrated circuit worked, and thus that he had solved the problem. U.S. Patent 3,138,743 for "Miniaturized Electronic Circuits", the first integrated circuit, was filed on February 6, 1959. Along with Robert Noyce (who independently made a similar circuit a few months later), Kilby is generally credited as co-inventor of the integrated circuit.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Jack Kilby went on to pioneer military, industrial, and commercial applications of microchip technology. He headed teams that created the first military system and the first computer incorporating integrated circuits. He invented the handheld calculator (along with Jerry Merryman and James Van Tassel). He was also responsible for the thermal printer that was used in early portable data terminals.


title: Jack Kilby

text: In 1970, he took a leave of absence from TI to work as an independent inventor. He explored, among other subjects, the use of silicon technology for generating electrical power from sunlight. From 1978 to 1984 he held the position of Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at Texas A&M University.


title: Jack Kilby

text: On December 14, 2005, Texas Instruments created the Historic TI Archives. The Jack Kilby family donated his personal manuscripts and his personal photograph collection to Southern Methodist University (SMU). The collection will be cataloged and stored at DeGolyer Library, SMU.


title: Jack Kilby

text: In 2008, the SMU School of Engineering, with the DeGolyer Library and the Library of Congress, hosted a year-long celebration of the 50th anniversary of the birth of the digital age with Kilby's Nobel Prize-winning invention of the integrated circuit. Symposia and exhibits examined the many ways in which technology and engineers shaped the modern world. Kilby held an honorary doctorate of science from SMU and was a longtime associate of SMU through the Kilby Foundation.


title: Jack Kilby

text: A statue of Jack Kilby stands in Texas Instruments Plaza on the campus of The University of Texas at Dallas.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Recognition of Kilby's outstanding achievements have been made by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), including the election to IEEE Fellow in 1966, the IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 1966, co-recipient of the first IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award in 1978, the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984 and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1986. He was co-recipient of the Franklin Institute’s Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966. In 1982 and 1989, he received the Holley Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He was elected to member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1967 and received the Academy's Vladimir K. Zworykin Award in 1975. Kilby received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1970 and was co-recipient of the first NAE's Charles Stark Draper Prize in 1989. The Kilby Award Foundation was founded in 1980 in his honor, and the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal was created in 1995. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2001.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Kilby is also the recipient of the America's most prestigious honors in science and engineering: the National Medal of Science in 1969, and the National Medal of Technology in 1990. In 1982, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.


title: Jack Kilby

text: In 1993, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize by the Inamori Foundation. He was awarded both the Washington Award, administered by the Western Society of Engineers and the Eta Kappa Nu Vladimir Karapetoff Award in 1999. In 2000, Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his breakthrough discovery, and delivered his personal view of the industry and its history in his acceptance speech.


title: Jack Kilby

text: Kilby was awarded nine honorary doctorate degrees from universities including Southern Methodist University, the University of Miami, University of Illinois, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Texas A&M University, Yale and Rochester Institute of Technology. The National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) in Taiwan awarded Kilby with a certificate of Honorary Professorship in 1998.


title: Jack Kilby

text: The Kilby Labs, TI's research laboratory for silicon manufacturing and integrated circuit design, is named after him.


title: Jack Kilby

text: The Jack Kilby Computer Centre at the Merchiston Campus of Edinburgh Napier University in Edinburgh is also named in his honor.


title: Bad Girls Club (season 10)

text: The tenth season of "Bad Girls Club" is titled Bad Girls Club: Atlanta and premiered on January 15, 2013 and was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. For this season, the show returned to the United States. Also, this is the fifth season to take place in a different location from Los Angeles, the first being season five (filmed in Miami), the second being season seven (filmed in New Orleans), the third being season eight (filmed in Las Vegas) and the fourth being season nine (filmed in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico).


title: Bad Girls Club (season 10)

text: The house was on North Druid Hills which is a few miles northeast of downtown Atlanta. The house was originally built for Fred Milani and was built as a replica of the White House. The exterior of the house was remodeled and included a pink roof and a Bad Girls Club logo above the door. Art directors who designed and furnished the house, Jeffrey Eyser and Alexis Karpf, said "We wanted to keep it very vintage, but modern". The walls were painted with brights colors. The backyard had a pool and the girls' pictures were tall standing cutouts and had long magnetic strips to stick to the cutouts. The in-house confessional had pink and purple stained glass windows in the background giving it a church "confess your sins" illusion. The walls of the living room had colorful crown molding scattered about. The kitchen had artificial grass flooring which bleeds into the hallway. The phone room was designed as a gazebo. The beauty room had a "Southern salon vibe" and had vintage chairs and a neon sign which read "BEAUTY ROOM". The house also had a stripper pole.


title: Bad Girls Club (season 10)

text: The season began with seven original bad girls, of which two left voluntarily and one was removed by production. Three replacement bad girls were introduced in their absences later in the season.


title: The Alienist

text: The Alienist is a crime novel by Caleb Carr first published in 1994 and is the first book in the Kreizler series. It takes place in New York City in 1896, and includes appearances by many famous figures of New York society in that era, including Theodore Roosevelt and J. P. Morgan. The sequel to the novel is "The Angel of Darkness". The story follows Roosevelt, then New York City police commissioner, and Dr. Laszlo Kreizler, as their investigative team attempts to solve gruesome murders through new methods including fingerprinting and psychology. The first murder victim investigated is a 13-year-old immigrant who has had his eyes removed, his genitals removed and stuffed in his mouth, and other injuries. The investigators deal with various interest groups that wish to maintain the status quo regarding the poor immigrant population in New York City.


title: The Alienist

text: The book made best-sellers lists of "Publishers Weekly" and "The New York Times" the month it was published, and film rights to the story were purchased by producer Scott Rudin and Paramount Pictures. The film studio has since moved the rights over to its television division, where a 10-part event TV series adaptation began its run on January 22, 2018 on TNT. "The Alienist" received generally positive reception. "Booklist" described it as "superbly atmospheric and compelling", "Forbes" called the work a "fascinating, fast-paced spine-tingler", and author Paul Levine wrote in the "Chicago Tribune" "at the end the reader thirsts for another tale of Dr. Laszlo Kreizler". "The Houston Chronicle" characterized it "an out-and-out page-turner", and "The Seattle Times" noted "Carr brings the dual sensibilities of historian and novelist to the story."


title: The Alienist

text: Narrated from the first-person perspective of John Moore, a crime reporter for "The New York Times", the novel begins on January 8, 1919, the day that Theodore Roosevelt is buried. Moore has dinner with Laszlo Kreizler, the famous alienist. Kreizler is surrounded by those he has rescued, including his black servant, Cyrus Montrose, and a boy named Stevie "Stevepipe" Taggert. (Mary Palmer, another patient and Kreizler's housekeeper, is deceased by the time of this dinner.) Together, they reminisce about their times with Roosevelt, but they focus on one moment: the spring of 1896 and their efforts to catch a serial killer on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The novel is narrated in retrospect, with Moore commenting on the events and how they impacted later history.


title: The Alienist

text: At 2 AM on March 3, 1896, Moore is awakened by one of Kreizler's servants banging incessantly on his door. Stevie, a young boy whom Kreizler had saved from being institutionalized and who is dedicated to Kreizler, brings Moore to the scene of a crime that Kreizler wants Moore to see. Roosevelt, the police commissioner, is already at the scene. When Moore sees the nature of the brutal murder, he is appalled. The victim, Georgio "Gloria" Santorelli, is a 13-year-old boy who prostituted himself by dressing up as a girl; the boy's wrists are tied behind his back, and he is kneeling with his face pressed on the steel walkway where he was found. Though makeup paint and powder on his face are still intact, his eyes are gouged out, his right hand is chopped off, his genitals are cut off and stuffed between his jaws, he has huge gashes across his entire body, his throat has been slashed, and his buttocks are "shorn off". The policeman at the scene, Detective Sergeant Connor, makes it clear that murders of such victims are usually ignored.


title: The Alienist

text: At Roosevelt's request, Moore, Kreizler, and he meet the following morning in Roosevelt's office to discuss the case. Kreizler has examined the body and disagrees with the official coroner's report. He connects the Santorelli killing to that of a second case in which two children, Benjamin and Sofia Zweig, were killed and had their eyes gouged out. Roosevelt announces that there are two more murders that match the pattern. Roosevelt decides to investigate, but because Kreizler has such a dubious reputation as an alienist, and because the investigation will become politically difficult, he establishes a base of operations for them outside the police precinct. Politically, Roosevelt cannot afford to be associated with the investigation and is not involved with the day-to-day operations.


title: The Alienist

text: Kreizler asks for some young detectives who are open to new methods and receives the help of Marcus and Lucius Isaacson, two Jewish brothers who were hired when Roosevelt began removing corrupt police officers from the force. The Isaacsons bring sophisticated methods, such as the Bertillon system and fingerprinting, to the investigation, although these were not popular in New York City police departments at the time nor accepted in courts of law.


title: The Alienist

text: The group begins to investigate the victims, hoping to understand the mind of the murderer by understanding his victims. They interview Georgio Santorelli's mother and discover, for example, that there was discord in his family. Georgio's parents had learned of his being manipulated into performing sexual acts for older boys in school, and the father's response was to try to beat it out of the boy. Georgio eventually left home and lived on the streets as a male-for-male prostitute. They also read the emerging science of psychology, such as the works of William James. Another body is discovered, and the evidence suggests that the victim knew his attacker. The team also deduces that the killer's agility on rooftops suggests that he is familiar with mountain- or rock-climbing.


title: The Alienist

text: Kreizler, Roosevelt, Moore, and detective Sara Howard must deal with various interest groups during their investigation who wish to maintain society's status quo, including a corrupt police force, which takes bribes from owners of the brothels whose prostitutes include poor immigrants; the Catholic Church, which is wary of the potential power of an organized immigrant population; the Episcopal Church; and J. P. Morgan.


title: The Alienist

text: "The Alienist" is set in the neighborhood where Carr lives, and he has spent hours wandering around it. He also spent a lot of time researching his book at the J. P. Morgan Library. Carr pitched the book as non-fiction, because he was afraid his agent and editor would not accept a fiction book from a non-fiction author. Only when the publisher was on the verge of buying the book did he reveal the truth.


title: The Alienist

text: The novel "allowed him to exorcise some of his demons, mostly centered on his relationship with his father, which was stormy and sometimes violent." Carr will not reveal specific details of his family history, but he has said, "It's safe to assume that I know something about family violence..." and he told "New York" magazine, "I'm the only kid in my family who never tried to kill himself...I kind of figured somebody else was going to kill me anyway."


title: The Alienist

text: Carr's natural father, Lucien Carr, was a writer, who in the 1940s was at the center of a group of as-yet unknown writers (Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs). In the summer of 1944, he killed his former scoutmaster, a man who was enamored with him. One night, the scoutmaster supposedly made a move on Lucien Carr, and Carr stabbed him in the chest with his boy scout knife. Carr disposed of the body in the Hudson River, and together he and Kerouac got rid of the knife. Carr was sentenced to two years' jail time and Kerouac a few days.


title: The Alienist

text: Caleb Carr was "fascinated with the psychology of killers, who were subliminally acting out the pain of being controlled by monstrous parents by controlling and killing victims, seeking a release that would never come." As he explains, "For me it began in New York with the Son of Sam killings while I was in college...I think I can understand some of the kind of rage that's behind what they do. I can't understand the major portion of it because that's what leads to the violence they commit. But I can understand the germ of it."


title: The Alienist

text: "The Alienist" has been called a detective novel, an historical novel, and a mystery novel. It is set in 1896, "the moment in history when the modern idea of the serial killer became available", eight years after the Jack the Ripper case, and at a time when the word "psychopath" was new to scientists. Like E. L. Doctorow's ""Ragtime"", the novel combines fact with fiction. Historical figures such as Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis, Anthony Comstock, and J. Pierpont Morgan appear briefly in the novel and interact with the fictional characters. Carr includes period details, such as descriptions of "sumptuous meals of turtle soup au clair, Creole eggs, broiled squab, saddle of lamb a la Colbert and 'a liter of smooth, dark Wurzburger (beer) that had a head as thick as whipped cream'".


title: The Alienist

text: In an interview with "The Record", Carr stated he wanted to entertain the reader, while also staying faithful to the time period. Carr, a historian by training, wanted to find a form of writing where he could meld his interest in fiction with his knowledge of history. "The one thing I wanted to show was that people back then are a lot more like people today than we realize," said Carr. Carr researched the science and literature of the time period and noted, "The biggest challenge was to study the psychological literature of that day so that none of my characters would not know more than they could have known in terms of psychology. We're talking about a time when Sigmund Freud had just published his first book."


title: The Alienist

text: Author Paul Levine compares Kreizler to Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud. He likens "The Alienist" to "Ragtime" by E.L. Doctorow; both stories fuse historical fiction with real characters from the time period. Levine notes the story serves as a "painless history lesson", and comments that the juxtaposition of J.P. Morgan's lifestyle with " the teeming tenements where police dare not enter", serve as "reminders that crime and class distinction are hardly new".


title: The Alienist

text: Carr has said that ""The Alienist" is about how violent behavior is perpetuated from one generation to the next."


title: The Alienist

text: Another theme is destiny, and the novel investigates New York City's destiny, "saying its basic character and problems have endured over history".


title: The Alienist

text: Random House paid Carr an advance of $60,000 for the book. Paperback rights were sold at auction to Bantam for $1,001,000. The book made "Publishers Weekly"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> list of best-sellers in April 1994, and during the summer of 1994 reached between no. 4 and no. 7 on "The New York Times" Best Seller list.


title: The Alienist

text: The book has received generally favorable reviews; "while most critics found it entertaining, some said it was sometimes flabby with historical detail and its prose was less than literature."


title: The Alienist

text: In a review published in "Booklist", Brad Hooper calls "The Alienist" and Caleb Carr's sequel, "The Angel of Darkness", "superbly atmospheric and compelling". A review of "The Alienist" in "Forbes" comments: "Wonderfully evocative of the age, this fascinating, fast-paced spine-tingler never flags." Writing for "The Record", Laurence Chollet notes: "The story feels like a Sherlock Holmes tale, reads like a modern thriller, and is historically accurate." In his review in "The Gazette" of Colorado Springs, Victor Greto wrote: "Through his research into the New York of the late 19th century, [Carr] has also fleshed out an atmosphere and a time that, on the one hand, seems grimly real and unapproachably evil, but, on the other, is within our intellectual grasp." In her review for "Tulsa World", Patricia Ann Jones wrote that the novel "breaks new ground on several fronts. As a historical novel it paints an unrivaled picture of New York. As a thriller it sets a new pace. But as a psychological study it stands completely on its own. The writing is quite simply, superb."


title: The Alienist

text: In his review of the book for the "Chicago Tribune", "Mortal Sin" author Paul Levine writes: "the long story never becomes tedious, and at the end the reader thirsts for another tale of Dr. Lazlo Kreizler". Kathye Self of the "Houston Chronicle" characterizes the work as "an out-and-out page-turner about the first time a 'psychological profile' was used to track down a serial murderer". Christopher Lehmann-Haupt writes in "The Tampa Tribune": "Carr has lovingly evoked not only a physical sense of old New York but the spirit of the time as well, when the powers in charge were worried about unrest among the masses of cheap immigrant labor." In a review for "The Seattle Times", Deloris Tarzan Ament comments: "A contributing editor to Military History Quarterly, Carr brings the dual sensibilities of historian and novelist to the story." In his review for "The Washington Post", novelist Jack Katzenbach argued that Carr's impeccable research and rich detail hindered the work's pace but rewarded readers by portraying "the excitement of a world on the verge of change, where invention was the stuff of daily miracle," specifically when it came to forensics.


title: The Alienist

text: According to "The New York Times", "the only real weakness of the book lies in the stringent rationality of Kreizler's investigation. The more his logic makes sense the less threatening his quarry seems, at least to the reader...The story's fatalism grows tedious...Nor does it help that throughout most of the story none of the major characters are directly threatened by the killer. Of course, it is deplorable that children are being murdered. But none of them figure strongly enough in the story to arouse the reader's visceral identification." Scott Eyman of "The Palm Beach Post" was critical of the "flaccid dialogue" and "vague characters". Hary Levins from the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" noted that the novel does include a few notable anachronisms. For example, the "heroes display an early (and highly improbable) political correctness toward blacks and homosexuals. And his detective team anticipates the feminist movement by enlisting a tough-minded career woman who's unafraid to pack a pistol and spout a bit of scatological English."


title: The Alienist

text: Carr told the "Orange County Register" he had envisioned a film adaptation of his work while writing the story. "I was always aware that if done correctly, this could end up being a great movie. I grew up with the movies. I've written scripts. Movies are something I've always loved," he said. Carr thought of Emma Thompson to play Sara, and Anthony Hopkins or Sam Neill to play Kreizler.


title: The Alienist

text: Before the book was published, film producer Scott Rudin purchased the film rights to the novel for $500,000. In June 1993, Paramount Pictures bought the film rights to the novel for $750,000.


title: The Alienist

text: In January 1995, "The River Wild" director Curtis Hanson was reported to have been in the process of final negotiations with Scott Rudin and Paramount Pictures to direct "The Alienist". By May 1995, Hanson was signed on as the film's director. "Variety" reported that the film's producers planned for filming to start in Spring 1995, with an intended Christmas release date in mind. Tony Award-winning playwright David Henry Hwang adapted the book for film. Scouts for the film visited Philadelphia in May 1995 to consider location shooting in the city. Film scouts for "The Alienist" were particularly interested in Philadelphia's Academy of Music, Eastern State Penitentiary, and Waterworks.


title: The Alienist

text: Paramount Pictures was concerned with the film's budget, which reportedly was almost $50 million. By 1997, multiple script drafts from three writers brought costs to approximately $2 million. After delays in production, Paramount Pictures told the group behind the film they had two months to set the project up at another studio. In a review of Carr's sequel "The Angel of Darkness", Malcolm L. Johnson of "The Hartford Courant" cited concerns over how to depict the mutilation of the murdered prostitutes in the film, writing: "Questions about how to treat this gruesome element has perhaps delayed the film of "The Alienist."" When in a 1999 online chat with fans, set up by "Time" and Yahoo!, Carr was asked if there were film plans for "The Alienist" or "The Angel of Darkness", he responded: "Only 'The Alienist,' and the attempts have been so bad that I have not yet sold 'Angel' to the movies. What happened was that a producer bought the rights and then decided he had to completely change the characters in the book. We got into a huge conflict, one that is actually ongoing."


title: The Alienist

text: In April 2015, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that Paramount Television had decided to use a three-year, first-look production deal they made with Anonymous Content productions to adapt "The Alienist" as an event TV series. Jakob Verbruggen was chosen to serve as director after Cary Fukunaga withdrew from the project.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: Scott McGillivray (born April 7, 1978) is a Canadian entrepreneur, investor, television host, author and educator.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray is the host and executive producer of the series "Income Property", a home renovation show on HGTV Canada and the DIY Network (Canada); and HGTV and DIY Network in the United States. He is a judge on HGTV's "All American Handyman" with Mike Holmes and on "Canada's Handyman Challenge" along with Mike Holmes, Bryan Baeumler and Paul Lafrance.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray attended the University of Guelph where he received an honours degree in Commerce in 2001. What began as a school project about income properties developed into a business model that he would later execute himself. At 21, using student loans, McGillivray purchased and renovated his first rental property, and owned 5 rental properties by the time he was 23. He became a licensed contractor in 2004 to manage his own crews. He now owns hundreds of income properties across Canada and the United States.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray has been an HGTV host in the US and Canada since 2008, starring in over 400 episodes of television, and is best known for the HGTV series "Income Property", "Moving the McGillivrays" and "Buyers Bootcamp". He is currently in pre-production on the fourth season of his digital series and Canadian Screen Award nominee, "Scott’s House Call".


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray is CEO of McGillivray Group and McGillivray Entertainment; co-founder of Keyspire which provides real estate investing education; and is a real estate investor in properties across North America.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. He is married to Sabrina McGillivray with two daughters. The family divides their time between residences in Toronto, Ontario, and Fort Myers, Florida.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: Income Property is a TV show in which McGillivray helps homeowners turn part of their home into a money-maker to help with the mortgage, on HGTV Canada. In each episode, he presents the homeowners with renovation options to turn their space into a legal rental unit. The audience sees the renovation and the final reveals. The show premiered in 2009 and the 100th episode aired in 2013. Income Property expanded from a half-hour to an hour format in 2013. In 2014, it returned to being a half-hour show.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: In the half-hour format, McGillivray comes in to help homeowners with their existing properties, renovating them for a profitable rental unit. In the full-hour format, he helps people buy homes and then renovate them to include a profitable rental unit. There have been several themed seasons, alongside regular non-themed ones, and the full-hour show can be seen as a themed season, along with others, that focused on particular kinds of rental properties.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: With Moving the McGillivrays, McGillivray and his wife and daughters buy and renovate a house into their forever home, on HGTV Canada. They end up choosing a fixer-upper that they tear down due to reno costs, to build their dream home.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: On Buyers Bootcamp, instead of McGillivray helping buyers purchase new properties and turn them into income properties (as in the full hour version of "Income Property"), he helps buyers renovate and flip properties.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: In the 2016 pilot, for HGTV Canada, he helped owners choose a property to buy and renovate, to flip for a profit. In the series order, for HGTV (USA), he comes on board as a partner to help renovate investment properties and flip them for profit. One season aired in 2018.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: Vacation House Rules is similar to "Income Property". The unique factor for this show is that the homes featured are all vacation cottages. McGillivray and the owners renovate properties into upscale investment vacation rentals. The third season airs on HGTV Canada in spring 2022, with the 4th season currently in production.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: Renovation Resort enlists Bryan Baeumler to help McGillivray turn his recently purchased lakeside resort from a total wreck into a one-of-a-kind vacation rental. "Renovation Resort" is set to premiere on HGTV Canada in spring 2023. It is similar to Baeumler's other show, "Island of Bryan"/"Renovation Island", in that it renovates a resort. The show will be a 7-episode competition series, featuring 4 teams of contractor-designer duos advised by McGillivray and Baeumler, who will renovate cabin-by-cabin competing head-to-head. The winning cabin will get the winning team the grand prize. So far, there’s no word yet on when or if the show will air on HGTV in U.S


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray got his start in TV as a crew member and later, as project manager with Debbie Travis on her home improvement reality TV shows.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray is a judge on the HGTV Canada show Canada's Handyman Challenge along with Mike Holmes, Bryan Baeumler and Paul LaFrance.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: In Flipping the Block, McGillivray is a judge rating the renovation abilities of four couples competing to win money at auction in a home-flipping competition. The teams transform identical run-down condos — then sell them to the highest bidder. Scott McGillivray guest judges alongside Nicole Curtis, David Bromstad and host Josh Temple.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: On HGTV Canada's Home to Win, McGillivray was a guest renovator, renovating a house for a worthy family to win, who were selected by the producers.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: In 2014, McGillivray wrote his first home improvement book in which he advises homeowners how to make the most of their renovation investments.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray has co-authored a number of real estate investing books with business partner Michael Sarracini.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: In 2010, McGillivray started his own real estate education company called The "Lifetime Wealth Academy", which was later renamed to "Keyspire" in 2013. Keyspire runs investing training sessions and workshops. Keyspire is also a leading real estate network in North America.


title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray started his own live speaking events titled ""Creating Wealth through Real Estate"" in 2009 to educate people about real estate investing. This event became "#TheWealthTour" in 2015.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The Dark Carnival is a series of concept albums described by hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse in much of their discography. The concept, similar to the "heaven and hell" language of monotheistic religions, is the primary source of inspiration for Insane Clown Posse's two series of albums called Joker's Cards, each containing six albums.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The Dark Carnival is where souls face judgment based on their individual actions before being sent to heaven or hell. The concept was inspired by a dream of Insane Clown Posse member Violent J where spirits in a traveling carnival appeared to him.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The Dark Carnival concept was introduced, but not named, on Insane Clown Posse's first album "Carnival of Carnage" (1992), and was developed in subsequent releases "Ringmaster" (1994), "Riddle Box" (1995), "The Great Milenko" (1997), "The Amazing Jeckel Brothers" (1999), "" (2002), and "" (2004).


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: It has been continued with the releases of "Bang! Pow! Boom!" (2009), "The Mighty Death Pop!" (2012), ""/"" (2015), "Fearless Fred Fury" (2019), and "Yum Yum Bedlam" (2021).


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The concept of the Dark Carnival was inspired by a dream Joseph Bruce had after the foundation of Insane Clown Posse wherein spirits in a traveling carnival appeared to him. The group decided to incorporate this dream into their band's newly created persona. The spirits are each revealed in a series of albums called the Six Joker's Cards. Each spirit relays a message through the use of a moral story.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: A Second Deck of Joker's Cards was introduced with Insane Clown Posse's "Bang! Pow! Boom!" (2009), a spirit in the Dark Carnival. The character is a demon-like figure that Bruce describes as a "continuous explosion that stomps his way through the crowd blowing [...] evil souls [...] to Hell". Though the group originally intended to make the character separate from the Six Joker's Cards, he was revealed as part of the second set of Joker's Cards.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: J describes the Dark Carnival as "a place where you have all the evil souls that are going to be going to hell." It features carnival rides and attractions which assist in this purpose, which is the focus of multiple albums and songs within the group's discography. Each of the Joker's Cards relates to a specific character in the Dark Carnival that tries to "save the human soul" by showing the wickedness inside of one's self.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The first Joker's Card, "Carnival of Carnage" (1992), is a representation of the ghetto and the violence that occurs within. It takes the form of a traveling carnival which doles out the same brutality on those who have ignored the inner cities' cries for help. The Card issues a warning against the upper-class and government's negligence toward the lower classes.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: "The Ringmaster" (1994), the second Joker's Card, is the story of the overseer of the Carnival of Carnage. He leads "the phantoms of the dead" that take the form of the Carnival. The creatures fiercely tear doomed souls from their living bodies and drag them down into hell. The Ringmaster himself is created through one's own sins, and is one of several who will judge whether a soul is worthy to enter heaven or doomed to eternal hell.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The third Joker's Card, the "Riddle Box" (1995), is another entity used to determine fate. Upon death, a soul enters a dark chamber containing a jack-in-the-box on an old wooden table. The front of the box has a "painted question mark faded with time," representing the mystery of your own afterlife. As the handle is turned, a melodic tune begins to play. When the music stops, the decision is revealed. The pure see a vision of God, warming their souls as they enter eternal peace. The wicked see an immense fog seeping from the box, "stripping their sanity, as they witness an image of hell, spawned and formed from their own evil; a hideous reflection of their demented souls." The floor falls from underneath them, casting the doomed into the bottomless pit of hell. The fate revealed by the Riddle Box can be found by looking deep within yourself and can be changed with righteous actions.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: "The Great Milenko" (1997), the fourth Joker's Card, is an illusionist and a necromancer that acts on dead minds rather than dead spirits. His purpose is to try to trick individuals into greed and other lesser sins. He identifies the worst in an individual and creates powerful illusions in an attempt to cause them to become hedonistic and greedy. The Great Milenko is present within every person, and an honorable individual must fight his magic in order to make it to heaven.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The fifth Joker's Card, "The Amazing Jeckel Brothers" (1999), focuses on the nine circles of hell, and the morality of man as he is torn between righteousness and evil. Jack "the Sinister" and Jake "the Just" emerge from the smoke of a candle. The Jeckel Brothers juggle pulsating blood-covered balls representing the mortal life of the dead. For every sin committed, another ball is added. Jack throws Jake curves in an attempt to see a ball drop, and if a soul witnesses Jake drop one of the balls, he will be damned to hell. Souls who see Jake successfully complete the act ascend to heaven.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: The sixth Joker's Card is "The Wraith", a personification of Death. The card features two "exhibits", "" (2002) and "Hell's Pit" (2004), which were each given their own album. "The Wraith: Shangri-La" revealed that the hidden message of Insane Clown Posse's music was always to follow God and make it to Heaven. "Hell's Pit" toured where those who do not atone for their sins nor follow the ways of Shangri-La are sent, illustrating the horrors of hell itself. It was announced at the 2012 Gathering of the Juggalos that ICP planned to release a box set of the six original Joker's Cards, with bonus content from each album era, however the only bonus content released was the Dog Beats EP remastered.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: "Bang! Pow! Boom!" (2009) is the first Joker's Card of the second deck. The entity is a continuous explosion used to clear the carnival grounds when they become too crowded with souls of evil people who commit heinous sins such as pedophilia and murder, as well as other sick and demented acts.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: "The Mighty Death Pop!" (2012) is the second Joker's Card, describing an entity that targets individuals who take great risks with their lives, The Mighty Death Pop character reaches out to us in a warning to avoid an early death.


title: Dark Carnival (Insane Clown Posse)

text: "" and "", double albums, released April 28 and July 31, 2015, respectively, are the third Joker's Card. "The Marvelous Missing Link: Lost" is an entity that Violent J describes as "not having god in your life. Always being negative, looking at the world through a negative lens. Always living in fear, and living with hate". "The Marvelous Missing Link: Found", the second part of the card, is in contrast, as "having been found," with both albums fitting their descriptions, as "Lost" has a dubstep base with lyrics about killing and bombs, while "Found" has rap beats and comedic lyrics, and also piano/guitar bases and uplifting lyrics.