title: Hajduk

text: In the mid-17th century hajduk-style infantry largely fell out of fashion in Poland-Lithuania, and were replaced by musket-armed infantry of Western style. However, commanders or hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth continued to maintain their own liveried bodyguards of hajduks, well into the 18th century as something of a throwback to the past, even though they were now rarely used as field troops. In imitation of these bodyguards, in the 18th century wealthy members of the szlachta hired liveried domestic servants whom they called hajduks, thereby creating the meaning of the term 'hajduk' as it is generally understood in modern Polish.


title: Hajduk

text: The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians. The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups. In this period, the most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma from Kragujevac and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.


title: Hajduk

text: The Croatian football team HNK Hajduk Split; Serbian football teams Hajduk Kula, FK Hajduk Beograd, FK Hajduk Veljko and Hajduk Lion; the Macedonian football team FK Hajduk - Vratnica; the pop-music project Haiducii, and Romanian Roma musical troupe Taraful Haiducilor are all named after the hajduci. The surnames of the fictional character George Washington Hayduke, invented by Edward Abbey, actress Stacy Haiduk, US national soccer team defender Frankie Hejduk, Czech Republic national ice hockey team forward Milan Hejduk and Montenegrin theoretical physicist Dragan Hajduković, are likewise derived from this word.


title: Hajduk

text: The term "haiduci" was used by the Romanian resistance movement Haiducii Muscelului, between 1947 and 1959, which opposed the Soviet occupation and the Communist government.


title: Hajduk

text: In the early 1970s, after the publication of the now classic sociological studies "Primitive Rebels" and "Bandits" by historian Eric Hobsbawm, hajduks started appearing in western social and anthropological literature. Hobsbawm invented the term "social bandit" to describe outlaws who operate on the edges of rural societies by fighting against authorities and sometimes helping the ordinary people. There has always been a degree of fluidity in their status, whereby, as described by John Koliopoulos in his study of Greek klephts, "Brigands with a Cause", brigands would sometimes change sides and start acting on behalf of the authorities to preserve peace and suppress banditry, and vice versa.


title: Hajduk

text: From the early 1980s, sociological studies started narrating the stories of hajduks, klephts, bandits, brigands, outlaws, rebels, and pirates in all parts of the planet, from Australia to republican China, the Balkans, the American Wild West, Cuba and Mexico.


title: Hajduk

text: Hajduk is mentioned in the song "Dragostea Din Tei", most notable for being the basis of the Numa Numa meme.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: Superfruit (often stylized as SUP3RFRUIT) is an American musical and comedy duo consisting of Mitch Grassi and Scott Hoying, both known as members of the a cappella group Pentatonix. Superfruit is also the name of their comedy show, featured on their eponymous YouTube channel. Their channel was created in August 2013 with a focus on comedic vlogs and music performances. , the channel has over 2.4 million subscribers and over 419 million views.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: In 2016, the duo became more involved in musical activities, with the releases of their first original songs, "Bad 4 Us" on October 18 and "Sweet Life" on November 15. On June 30, 2017, the duo released their first EP, "Future Friends: Part One", followed on September 15 by both the EP "Future Friends: Part Two", and "Future Friends", which acted as a compilation album containing both EPs and Superfruit's debut studio album. Superfruit's sound differs from their a capella work with Pentatonix as it features electric and electronic instruments, while retaining their usual pop, melody-oriented style.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: According to Grassi, he and Hoying were at IHOP and discussed how they wanted to individually start YouTube channels, but eventually decided to launch one together. According to Hoying, the name Superfruit "came from Mitch's random mind". The first Superfruit video was uploaded on August 13, 2013.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: Superfruit consists mainly of comedic vlogs and various casual games and competitions, but the channel also features a number of musical projects. Most videos solely feature Hoying and Grassi, but some include other musical artists or non-musical guests. Both Grassi and Hoying identify as gay.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: Outside of their YouTube channel, Superfruit promoted "" with an MTV commercial in which Grassi receives a tattoo of SpongeBob SquarePants on his arm.


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: Grassi and Hoying have been featured on other artists' music, such as Betty Who's "Beautiful" from her studio album "The Valley". Additionally, Superfruit was featured alongside Kirstin Maldonado on Todrick Hall's "Black & White" from the deluxe edition of "Straight Outta Oz".


title: Superfruit (duo)

text: In January 2018, the duo guest starred on "Good Mythical Morning" where they played the "Duo or Don't-O Challenge".


title: Horror Express

text: Horror Express (Spanish: "Pánico en el Transiberiano", lit. "Panic on the Trans-Siberian") is a 1972 science fiction horror film directed by Eugenio Martín. It stars Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing, with Alberto de Mendoza, Silvia Tortosa, Julio Peña, George Rigaud, Ángel del Pozo, and Telly Savalas in supporting roles.


title: Horror Express

text: Set in 1906, the film's storyline follows the various passengers aboard a European-bound Trans-Siberian Railway train. They are soon stalked, one-by-one, by an alien intelligence inhabiting the frozen body of an ancient primitive humanoid brought onboard by an anthropologist.


title: Horror Express

text: In 1906, Professor Sir Alexander Saxton, a British anthropologist, is returning to Europe by the Trans-Siberian Express from Shanghai to Moscow. With him is a crate containing the frozen remains of a primitive humanoid that he discovered in a cave in Manchuria. He hopes it is a missing link in human evolution. Doctor Wells, Saxton's friendly rival and Geological Society colleague, is also waiting to board. Also waiting is Polish Count Marion Petrovski and his wife, Countess Irina. With the couple is their spiritual advisor, an Eastern Orthodox monk named Father Pujardov, who proclaims to Saxton that the contents of the crate is evil. Additional passengers include Inspector Mirov and a squad of soldiers.


title: Horror Express

text: Saxton‘s eagerness to keep his scientific findings secret arouses the suspicion of Wells, who bribes a porter to investigate the crate. The porter is killed by the defrosted humanoid within, who escaped the crate after picking the lock and kills several more passengers. Wells performs an autopsy and deduces that the creature absorbs the skills and memories of its victims. When the humanoid is gunned down by Mirov, the threat seems to have been eliminated. Saxton and Wells discover that the real threat is a formless extraterrestrial that inhabited the body of the humanoid. Unknown to them, the creature has transferred itself into Mirov.


title: Horror Express

text: The extraterrestrial has been stranded on Earth for millions of years. It kills passengers with specific knowledge that could help it build a new spaceship. Eventually, Kozak Captain Kazan stabs and shoots Mirov. With Mirov dying, Pujardov, believing the creature to be Satan and having pledged allegiance to it prior, allows it to possess him. The passengers flee to the brake van while the alien murders Kazan, his men, and the Count. Saxton, having discovered the creature cannot use its powers when it is exposed to light, blinds it. The alien bargains with Saxton, tempting him with its advanced knowledge of technology and cures for diseases. When Saxton refuses, it resurrects all its victims as zombies, and has them attack Saxton.


title: Horror Express

text: Saxton and the countess fight their way through the train until they reach the van, where the other survivors have taken refuge. Saxton and Wells uncouple the van from the rest of the train containing the alien. Kazan's superiors send a telegram to a dispatch station ahead, instructing them to destroy the train by sending it down a siding overlooking a gorge. The survivors watch as the train crashes down the gorge and goes up in flames.


title: Horror Express

text: The film was co-produced by American screenwriter/producer Bernard Gordon, who had collaborated with Martin on the 1972 film "Pancho Villa" (which featured Savalas in the title role). Martin made "Horror Express" as part of a three-picture contract he had with Philip Yordan, and Savalas was under contract with Yordan as well. The film was a co-production between Spain's Granada Films and the British company Benmar Productions, who made "Psychomania" (1971).


title: Horror Express

text: According to Martin, the film was made because a producer obtained a train set from "Nicholas and Alexandra" (1971). "He came up with the idea of writing a script just so he would be able to use this prop," said Martin. "Now at that time, Phil was in the habit of buying up loads of short stories to adapt into screenplays, and the story for "Horror Express" was originally based on a tale written by a little-known American scriptwriter and playwright."


title: Horror Express

text: Rumors that the train sets were acquired from the production of "Doctor Zhivago" (or "Nicholas and Alexandra") were refuted by Gordon, who said in a 2000 interview that the model had been constructed for the feature film "Pancho Villa". Filmmakers used the mock-up from "Pancho Villa" as the interior for all train cars during production. Since no further room was available on stage, all scenes within each train car were shot consecutively. The set was then modified for the next car's scenes.


title: Horror Express

text: "Horror Express" was filmed in Madrid between 1971 and 1972. It was produced on a low budget of $300,000, with the luxury of having three familiar genre actors in the lead roles; the filming began in December 1971.


title: Horror Express

text: Securing Lee and Cushing was a coup for Gordon, since it lent an atmosphere reminiscent of the horror Hammer Films, many of which starred both actors. When Cushing arrived in Madrid to begin work on the picture, he was still distraught over the recent death of his wife. He announced to Gordon that he could not do the film. With Gordon now desperate over the idea of losing one of his important stars, Lee stepped in and put Cushing at ease, simply by talking to his old friend about some of their previous work together; Cushing changed his mind and stayed on.


title: Horror Express

text: The train's departure scene was filmed in Madrid's Delicias railway station. The locomotive pulling the train in that scene is a RENFE 141F; later in the film, miniatures are utilized for the exterior shots of the train going by camera and for the film's climax.


title: Horror Express

text: Like all Italian and Spanish films of the period, "Horror Express" was filmed mostly without sound, with the effects and voices dubbed for the film in post-production; Lee, Cushing, and Savalas all provided their own voices for the English-speaking version.


title: Horror Express

text: "Horror Express" generally received positive reviews. At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 80% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.85 out of 10, based on 15 reviews.


title: Horror Express

text: The film was originally titled "Pánico en el Transiberiano". If was first released for showing as an official selection at the Sitges Film Festival on 30 September 1972. The film's director, Eugenio Martín, won the Critic's Best Script Award. According to Martín, Spain, his native country, was where the film fared the worst, both critically and for its low box office revenue. It was received positively in other film markets where the audience was more familiar with low-budget horror films; these included Great Britain, the United States, and Australia. "I was a bit surprised myself at the film's popularity overseas, but it didn’t really do a great deal for my subsequent career", said Martin.


title: Horror Express

text: "Montgomery Advertiser" film critic Jery Tillotson gave the film a positive review, writing, "Good performances, brisk direction, and fast action moves this thriller a notch above the average shocker".


title: Horror Express

text: A special edition Blu-ray/DVD film release was issued in 2011 by Severin Films. Arrow Films re-released a new Blu-ray edition on 12 February 2019.


title: Horror Express

text: The film was used as a "virtual reality" experience for the 2021 television show "Creepshow" (season 2, episode 5: "Night of the Living Late Show"). In that episode, the film is the favorite of inventor Simon Sherman (portrayed by Justin Long), who had it placed as one of the interactive features in his virtual reality invention called the Immersopod. While archive footage of Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing are used in the episode, Hannah Fierman portrays her rendition of Countess Irina Petrovsky, with whom Simon begins a relationship with since he's had a crush on her since a young boy.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene (; born 29 June 1980) is a Mongolian politician who is the Prime Minister of Mongolia since 27 January 2021. He has been elected to the State Great Khural (Parliament) twice since 2016. Prior to becoming the Prime Minister, he was a Minister and Chief of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of Mongolia from 2 February 2019 to 27 January 2021.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: He took Luvsannamsrai, his grandfather's name, as his surname. Oyun-Erdene's grandfather Luvsannamsrai was a Buddhist abbot (), a master chess player and an instructor of mathematics, Mongolian language, and Old Mongolian script. He was the first principal of a public school in Mörön Soum in the Khentii Province of Mongolia.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: At the age of 21, Oyun-Erdene began his political career when serving as the Head of the Governor's Office in the Village of Berkh, Khentii. He later worked for World Vision International as a Zonal Director in charge of fundraising from the European Region. Oyun-Erdene has been actively involved in politics since 2008, when he served as the Head of the Social Development Department for the Bayanzürkh District of the Municipality. He also held various positions at the Mongolian People's Party (the MPP) starting as the Head of the Political Department. He worked as the President of the Social Democracy Mongolian Youth Association, a party-affiliated youth organization of Mongolia.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: He wrote his first book, "Vision", in 2005. After bribing graduation from Harvard University in 2015 at age of 35, he published his second book, "Aziin Khuleg Uls", which translates as 'The Steed Country of Asia'. In this book he addressed a 30 year-development policy for Mongolia. He also founded "The Steed Country of Asia" National Policy Research Institute that same year.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: In 2020, Oyun-Erdene also initiated and led the process for development of Vision 2050, Mongolia's 30-year policy agenda and had it approved by the State Great Khural (Parliament). This policy document came into force on 1 January 2021.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Oyun-Erdene was born on 29 June 1980, in Ulaanbaatar. His parents divorced when he was young and he was raised by his grandparents from his mother's side.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: His father is an educator and an artist who helped to reform Mongolian high-school education system. He established Mongeni high school complex in 1996. His mother was a musician who played clarinet in the Academic Theatre of Classical Arts. After her retirement, she started the Soyol Foundation which aims to support classical arts in Mongolia. Luvsannamsrai, Oyun-Erdene’s grandfather, was the first principal of a school in Mörön, Khentii Province. He guided Oyunerdene's self-paced study of Tibetan and Mongolian scripts as well as chess in his early age.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: He started his elementary school at School #28 in Ulaanbaatar, he had to move back to Khentii province to live with his grandfather after his grandmother's death in 1990. Therefore, he finished his high school in Khentii province. Luvsanamsrai, Oyun-Erdene's grandfather, had a great respect for Batbayar Darma, one of the greatest figures in Mongolian literature. Thus, he asked Batbayar to train his grandson in Mongolian literature. Oyun-Erdene was enrolled in Bers University, founded by Batbayar Darma, and graduated from it as a journalist.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Oyun-Erdene graduated from the National University of Mongolia in 2008 with a Bachelor degree in law. He also graduated from the School of Social Sciences of the National University of Mongolia in 2011 with a master's degree in political science. Oyun-Erdene then graduated from Harvard University in 2015 with a master's degree in Public Policy. He started his career in the countryside. At age 21, he was appointed as the Head of the Governor's Office of a village named Berkh, in the Khentii province. While giving a presentation for World Vision International representatives with a mind to bring in an international project to his province he was extended an invitation to work for them and accepted it. He worked for World Vision International for more than six years and specialized in community-based development policy. During this time he attended specialized training for international development workers organized by World Vision in cooperation with the University of Melbourne, and worked in the Philippines and Thailand for a short period of time.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Oyun-Erdene entered politics in 2008. While serving as the head of the Social Development Department of the Bayanzurkh District of the capital city, he led the election campaign Bayanzurkh-Neg Zurkh (verbally translated as 'Rich Heart - One Heart') and won 100% in this largest district of the capital city. Shortly after being appointed as the Head of the then Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP)'s Political Department in 2009, he initiated and developed the AGENDA-6 Reform Program. His decision to remove the word "revolutionary" from the name led to significant division within the party, and eventually, to its defeat in the 2012 parliamentary election.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: In 2015, he founded the Asian Steed Policy Research Institute with his fellow alumni from several universities. In 2016, he was elected as a member of Parliament in Mongolia. He caused and led multiple demonstrations, most notably one held in 2018 involving more than 30,000 citizens.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: At the request of Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, the Prime Minister of Mongolia, Oyun-Erdene became the Minister and Chief of the Cabinet Secretariat of Mongolia. Shortly after his appointment, Oyunerdene headed working groups to regulate illegal mining operations and tackle Mongolia's alleged corruption.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: He also made a significant contribution to the amendment of the Constitution of Mongolia, relating to the length of Mongolia's governments.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: During his time in office, Oyun-Erdene drafted plans for a 5-year program, with the goal of expanding Mongolia's digital infrastructure. The first action of this program was E-Mongolia, an online platform which provides 182 different services to citizens. As result of this, there has been significant impact on fighting red-tape bureaucracy, mid-level corruption as well as supporting the government to operate more open and transparent.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene was appointed Prime Minister of Mongolia on January 27, 2021. He reshuffled his cabinet and appointed new ministers on August 30, 2022.


title: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene

text: Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene aims to add more energy sources, integrate border ports with China, build downstream industrial capacity, build a new city south of Ulaanbaatar, reduce red tape and eliminate corruption, in alignment with the country's long-term Vision 2050 plan.


title: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard

text: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard (French: Arthur et la Vengeance de Maltazard) is a 2009 English-language French animated/live-action fantasy adventure film directed and co-written by Luc Besson. It is based on the third book of the "Arthur" children's books series by Besson. It is the sequel to "Arthur and the Invisibles" (2006), and the second installment in the "Arthur" film series.


title: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard

text: "Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard" was released theatrically in France on 2 December 2009 by EuropaCorp. The film received mixed reviews from critics in France but was received negatively in the rest of the world. Like its predecessor's, it was a box-office success in France but it under-performed internationally, and was released as a direct-to-video in the United States. As a result, the film generated huge losses for EuropaCorp.


title: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard

text: Three years have passed since Arthur saved his grandparents’ home and saved the Minimoys from the evil Maltazard. Arthur stays with his grandparents for the holidays, during which the Bogo Matassalai (a fictitious African society) assign Arthur a series of tests, including camouflage and environmental nonviolence. Having passed these tests, Arthur prepares to see the Minimoys to celebrate, until his father decides to take him and his mother back to the metropolis. When a spider gives Arthur a grain of rice containing a distress-call, which he believes has come from the Minimoys, he returns to his grandparents' house, where the Bogo Matassalai's attempt to give him Minimoy stature through a telescope fails, and they instead wrap him in vines of increasing tightness until he falls as a drop of sap into the Minimoy Max's bar. "En route" to investigate the Minimoys' condition, Arthur and Max rescue Betameche, who leads Arthur to the King. He then learns that Selenia is held by Maltazard, who is inspired to invade the human world by increasing his own size. Maltazard tricks the Minimoys into completing his design. The telescope itself is destroyed in the process, leaving Arthur trapped at his Minimoy size, while Maltazard is free to roam the world.


title: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 14% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 4/10.


title: Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard

text: To promote the film, a video game by Ubisoft was released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii and Microsoft Windows. The game composes of mostly minigames and cutscenes which are loosely related to the plot of the film.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Super Junior-M (stylized as SJ-M), an initialism for Super Junior-Mandarin, is a Chinese sub-unit of the South Korean boy band Super Junior. The sub-unit is the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Formed in 2008, Super Junior-M became the third and most successful subgroup branched off from the Korean band Super Junior. The sub-unit originally consisted of leader Han Geng, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook, Kyuhyun and two additional members appearing exclusively to the subgroup, Zhou Mi and Henry. In December 2009, Han Geng filed a lawsuit against SM Entertainment and decided to leave the main group and sub-unit, resulting in the sub-unit's temporary disbandment.


title: Super Junior-M

text: After a year-long hiatus, Super Junior-M returned with addition Super Junior members Eunhyuk and Sungmin. They released Super Junior-M's second mini album "Perfection" in February 2011. After Han Geng's leave, the group considers Sungmin as the new "leader", as he is the oldest member of the team. However, SM Entertainment has not released any statements about electing a new group leader.


title: Super Junior-M

text: On April 30, 2018, Label SJ released a statement announcing Henry's departure from the group, leaving Zhoumi as the only Chinese member. Although the sub-unit has not disbanded, the group has been inactive since 2015.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Before the official name of the subgroup was released, they were known by "Super Junior China". On April 3, 2008, SM Entertainment announced their official name to be Super Junior-M, with "M" representing the word "Mandarin". The "M" can also represent a list of other aspects, such as the first letter of their debut album "Me", and also "" (), the pinyin for "charismatic" and "fan", the latter meaning referring to their desire to connect closer with fans.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In October 2007, SM Entertainment announced that a new Super Junior subgroup would debut in China in 2008. Super Junior's original member Han Geng, and a new member Henry Lau, who performed the violin solo of Super Junior's "Don't Don", were announced to be the first two of seven members representing the subgroup. Some of Super Junior's official fanclub, E.L.F, signed online petitions and held protests to express their dissatisfaction and opposition of adding a fourteenth member to the group, fearing that a new member would mean one of the original lineup would get 'replaced'. Many fans boycotted Super Junior's products and held silent protests in front of SM Entertainment's main building in Seoul, holding signs of the "Only 13" slogan.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Over one thousand fans appeared in front of the SM Entertainment building on E.L.F's third protest on November 3, 2007. Instead of a silent protest, the fans sang various Super Junior songs and shouted "thirteen." Fans purchased 58,206 stocks of SM Entertainment, holding 0.3% of the company's entire stock. They released a statement through the media, stating that they would obtain all chances to prevent SM Entertainment from adding new members and to keep Super Junior as only thirteen. SM Entertainment later announced that they would not add the new subgroup members to the main group.


title: Super Junior-M

text: From April 4 to April 7, 2008, the seven members of Super Junior-M were individually announced to the Chinese media in a chain of short trailer clips. The first member, Han Geng, was announced to be the subgroup leader on April 4. On April 5, Siwon and Donghae were revealed to be the second and third members. On April 6, Kyuhyun was announced to be the fourth Super Junior-M member, following the new member, Henry, as the fifth. Ryeowook and another new member, Zhou Mi, were announced to be the final two members on April 7. A trailer of all seven members was released on the group's debut day, April 8. Super Junior-M's trailer clips exceeded 1.4 million views in less than four days.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Super Junior-M debuted in Beijing on April 8, 2008, at the 8th Annual Music Chart Awards, simultaneously with the release of their first music video, "U" on Sohu.com. "U" is a translated Chinese cover of the 2006 song "U", originally by Super Junior. They released their debut album "Me" in selected provinces of China starting April 23, 2008. A Korean version of the album with three bonus Korean-language tracks was released in South Korea on April 30, 2008. A modified version of the album was released in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan on May 2, 2008. Though a majority of the tracks in the album were Mandarin remakes of Super Junior's previous Korean hits, reviews were generally positive. Hong Kong Cantopop singer, Hins Cheung, critiqued the album favorably, saying that the album contains "international-level music" and that the group is "vocally-talented".


title: Super Junior-M

text: A month after their debut, Super Junior-M won their first award, Asia's Most Popular New Group, at the 5th annual Music King Awards in Macau on May 25. They took home another three awards that year. On December 27 and 28, Super Junior-M held their first concert, the Super Junior-M Show, in Hong Kong.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Following their debut performance in April 2008, the group made a few successful guest appearances in many chains of entertainment variety shows to promote their album. They appeared in an episode of the second season of TVB and HunanTV's collaboration show, "Strictly Come Dancing", which made the show's ratings increase to 5.01%, ranking it the third most watched show ever in all of China. Super Junior-M's appearance in the talk show "Behind Story" () also increased ratings. The show had the highest ratings during their time slot, with a strong 4.05%. Separated into several weekly episodes, the group's appearance in their first episode on the challenging game show "Bravely Going Forward" () in early August gave the show the highest ratings during that time slot as well. In August 2008, Han was cast in the idol television drama "Stage of Youth", a mini-drama dedicated to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Han portrayed Xia Lei, a youth who aspires to be a famous dancer. Other members of Super Junior-M gave cameo appearances in the final episode.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In September 2009, Super Junior-M released their mini album, the EP "Super Girl". The album garnered them a nomination for Best Vocal Group at the 21st Golden Melody Awards. The EP's title single "Super Girl" is Super Junior-M's most critically successful song to date, winning numerous accolades for its composition and performances.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In December 2009, Hangeng filed for contract termination from SM Entertainment, claiming that the provisions of his contract were unlawful, harsh, and against his rights. Super Junior-M immediately canceled all of their future activities and performances in China and Taiwan. They returned to Korea to begin preparing for Super Junior's fourth studio album. Han, however, stayed in China and signed under a new management, releasing his debut solo album "Geng Xin" in July 2010. Although Super Junior-M remained largely inactive for most of 2010, they won several accolades for their song "Super Girl" at China's 2010 MusicRadio TOP Awards, including Most Popular Group, Golden Melody Award (Top 15), and Best Composition.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In December 2010, the Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of Han. However, SM Entertainment announced that they will file an immediate appeal to reverse the decision. In September 2011, Han and SM Entertainment officially came to a mutual agreement regarding Han's contract, closing the case.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In February 2011, Super Junior-M resumed their activities with two new members from the main group, Eunhyuk and Sungmin, with the release of EP "Perfection". It debuted at number 2 on Taiwan's G-music chart, and stayed on the chart for four weeks. The repackaged version of the album was released on April 29, debuted at number 2, and stayed on the chart for 10 weeks.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In 2012 the group resumed their activities in China when they performed on 2 October, along with Kim Jang-hoon and EXO-M in a special concert to mark the 20th anniversary of South Korea and China's diplomatic ties hosted by Shanghai Media Group. This was followed by official from SM Entertainment confirming that the group are in the planning stages of their comeback with a new album. On January 7, 2013, Super Junior-M released their second album, "Break Down", along with the music video for the lead single of the same name. A press conference took place in Beijing on January 7 and promoted the album in China. They promoted the album in South Korean mutizens for a week as well different Fan Meetings in Asia. The song debuted No.1 on the Billboard charts.


title: Super Junior-M

text: After one year and three months since their second album 'Break Down', Super Junior-M released their third EP album, "Swing" in China on March 21. Previously on March 18, 2014, Super Junior-M had unveiled the teaser image for the EP. A press conference was held on March 22 in Beijing, which was broadcast live online and viewed by over a million people. The album was later released on Korean music sites, such as MelOn, genie, Naver music and more, on March 31. They held their first comeback stage on China's CCTV's 'Global Chinese Music List' and continued in Korea, performing on music programs for 2 weeks. The title song, Swing, is a pop dance song that mixes in both R&B and electro sounds. The album contains six Chinese songs, produced by hit makers Yoo Han Jin, hitchhiker and Henry's team of composers, NoizeBank, as well as the Korean version of Swing. The music video for Swing debuted on Chinese video sites Youku, Weibo, and iQIYI on March 23, before being released on YouTube on March 24. In 2015, Sungmin began a military service. The rest of members recorded a song titled "" "(Forever with You)" in Super Junior's album "Devil". Then, the group began a hiatus.


title: Super Junior-M

text: On March 31, 2018, Super Junior-M's parent group Super Junior held its seventh world tour Super Show 7 in Taipei. Member Donghae mentioned that Super Junior-M plans to release new album after all members return to the team in 2019, but never came to fruition following the fandom's boycott on Sungmin.


title: Super Junior-M

text: On April 30, 2018, Henry decided not to renew his contract with SM Entertainment, and left Super Junior-M.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In December 2009, Hangeng departed from the group after filing a lawsuit against their agency S.M. Entertainment. Hangeng subsequently won the lawsuit in December 2010.


title: Super Junior-M

text: In April 2018, Henry parted ways with the group after a decade. SM Entertainment revealed, “Henry’s exclusive contract recently expired, and we have ended on good terms.” Henry has completed his contract with SM Entertainment and he has decided to leave the agency.


title: Super Junior-M

text: Between March 2015 to August 2017, four members completed their mandatory military service: Sungmin enlisted for his service on 31 March 2015, and completed his service on 30 December 2016.


title: Super Junior-M

text: From August 2017 to present, two members enlisted for mandatory military service. Ryeowook enlisted for his service on 11 October 2016 and was discharged 10 July 2018. Kyuhyun enlisted on 25 May 2017 and was discharged on 7 May 2019.


title: Big Swole

text: Aerial Hull, better known as Big Swole, is an American professional wrestler. Previously signed to All Elite Wrestling, she performs on the independent circuit, where she is the current Phoenix of Rise champion.


title: Big Swole

text: Hull was born in the Tampa suburb of Clearwater, Florida. She went to Clearwater High School and served in the United States Air Force as a fire truck mechanic. She then began her professional wrestling training in North Carolina under George South.


title: Big Swole

text: Hull made her professional wrestling debut in 2015. She made an appearance on "Raw" in August 2016 as Aerial Monroe, during which she competed against Nia Jax in a losing effort. She then competed in the 2018 Mae Young Classic tournament, where she was defeated by Zeuxis in the first round. On August 10, 2019, Hull defeated Zoe Lucas to become the Phoenix of Rise Champion.


title: Big Swole

text: On August 31, she appeared in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name Big Swole, competing in a 21-woman Casino Battle Royale on the All Out pre-show. In December 2019, AEW announced that Big Swole had signed with the promotion. After making multiple appearances on "Dark", Swole made her "Dynamite" debut on December 11, during which she scored a victory over Emi Sakura in singles competition. In June 2020, she began a rivalry with Britt Baker, which led to her abducting Baker and tossing her into a trash bin during an episode of "Dynamite"; she was suspended in July for this act. Swole defeated Baker in a Tooth and Nail match, which was taped at Baker's dental office, on September 5 at All Out. On November 30, 2021, Swole announced her departure from AEW, which she later attributed to deficits in structure and diversity; in response, AEW president Tony Khan stated that he "let Swole's contract expire as I felt her wrestling wasn't good enough".


title: Big Swole

text: Hull married fellow professional wrestler Cedric Johnson, better known as Cedric Alexander, in June 2018. The couple has a daughter named Adessah.


title: Engine braking

text: Engine braking occurs when the retarding forces within an engine are used to slow down a motor vehicle, as opposed to using additional external braking mechanisms such as friction brakes or magnetic brakes.


title: Engine braking

text: The term is often confused with several other types of braking, most notably compression-release braking or "jake braking" which uses a different mechanism.


title: Engine braking

text: Traffic regulations in many countries require trucks to always drive with an engaged gear, which in turn provides a certain amount of engine braking (viscous losses to the engine oil and air pumped through the engine and friction losses to the cylinder walls and bearings) when no accelerator pedal is applied.


title: Engine braking

text: The term "engine braking" refers to the braking effect that occurs in gasoline engines when the accelerator pedal is released. This causes fuel injection to cease and the throttle valve to close almost completely, greatly restricting forced airflow from, for example, a turbocharger. The restriction causes a strong manifold vacuum which the cylinders have to work against, sapping much of the potential energy out of the system over time and producing the majority of the engine-braking effect. This vacuum manifold effect can often be amplified by a down-shift, which induces a faster spinning drivetrain to engage with the engine.


title: Engine braking

text: Engine braking is a viable method of controlling the speed at which a vehicle travels downhill. By shifting to a lower gear in a manual transmission, or selecting the "low gear" mode on an automatic transmission, engine braking reduces the need to repeatedly apply the foot brake, lowering the risk of the brakes overheating.


title: Engine braking

text: While some of the braking force is produced due to friction in the drive train, this is negligible compared to the effect from the manifold vacuum caused by the air-flow restriction.


title: Engine braking

text: On an automatic transmission, engine braking often spontaneously increases the engine RPM, causing a sudden revving to occur even without applying the accelerator pedal.


title: Engine braking

text: Diesel engines in personal cars provide little engine braking as they are not equipped with a throttle body and thus cannot draw a vacuum in the intake manifold.


title: Engine braking

text: In heavy vehicles the engine is often made to provide extra braking power to take some strain off the vehicle's regular brake system and to help avoid overheating the brakes. In its simplest form this consists of a butterfly valve that stops the exhaust flow. This is referred to as an exhaust brake and mostly found on older trucks. It has a limited effect, and more advanced systems as described below are near universal on newer heavy vehicles.


title: Engine braking

text: A compression release brake (also known as a Jacobs brake or "jake brake"), is the type of brake most commonly confused with real engine braking; it is used mainly in large diesel trucks and works by opening the exhaust valves at the top of the compression stroke, so the large amount of energy stored in that compressed air is not returned to the crankshaft, but is released into the atmosphere.


title: Engine braking

text: Normally, during the compression stroke, energy is used as the upward-traveling piston compresses air in the cylinder; the compressed air then acts as a compressed spring and pushes the piston back down. However, with the jake brake in operation, the compressed air is suddenly released just before the piston begins its downward travel. (This sudden release of compressed air creates audible sound waves similar to the expanding gases escaping from the muzzle of a firearm.) Having lost the energy stored within the compressed air, there is no "spring back" so the engine must expend yet more energy pulling the piston back down again.


title: Engine braking

text: This type of brake is banned or restricted in many residential locations because (unless properly muffled) it creates a jackhammer or machine gun-like sound loud enough to disturb the peace, including waking people at night. It is very effective, however, and creates immense amounts of braking force which significantly extends friction brake life – a diesel engine can produce up to of braking power at 2,100 RPM.


title: Engine braking

text: An exhaust brake works by causing a restriction in the exhaust, much like the intake throttle causes in a gasoline engine. In simple terms, it works by increasing the back-pressure of the exhaust. Nearly all of these brakes are butterfly valves similar to a throttle valve, mounted downstream of the turbocharger if there is one.


title: Engine braking

text: Modern diesels are subject to many strict controls on emissions and often have many obstructions in the exhaust, which cause them to feel like they have some engine braking like a gasoline engine. The main ones are:


title: Engine braking

text: Engine braking in a premix two-stroke engine can be extremely harmful to the engine, because cylinder and piston lubricant is delivered to each cylinder mixed with fuel. Consequently, during engine braking, the engine starves not only of fuel but also lubricant, causing accelerated wear. Many old two-stroke cars (Saab, Wartburg, etc.) had a freewheel device on the transmission to make engine braking optional. Most two-stroke motorcycle engines since the 1970s have had lubrication by an oil pump, independent of the throttle and fuel system, such as Suzuki's Posi-Force system.


title: Engine braking

text: As soon as the accelerator is released enough to slow the engine, engine braking comes into effect as long as the wheels remain connected via the transmission to the engine. A slipping or disengaged clutch, or a torque converter, would disengage the wheels or absorb braking energy. The braking force varies depending on the engine, and the gear the transmission is in. The lower the gear, the higher the braking effect due to higher rpm and the torque transferred through the transmission (higher torque is delivered from the engine in lower gears).


title: Engine braking

text: Engine braking avoids wear on brakes, and can help a driver maintain control of the vehicle. Active use of engine braking by shifting into a lower gear can help control speed while driving down very steep and long slopes, saving the brakes from overheating or excessive wear. If it is applied before the brakes have been used, it can leave the brakes available to make emergency stops. The desired speed is maintained by using engine braking to counteract gravitational acceleration. Potential transmission wear caused by engine braking can be mitigated by certain techniques. Slipping the clutch to complete a downshift wears the clutch plate as it slows the vehicle, doing the job of the brake pads or shoes. A well-executed rev-match in the same setting minimizes stresses on transmission components, so engine braking does the work of slowing the vehicle.


title: Engine braking

text: Improper engine braking technique can cause the wheels to skid (also called shift-locking), especially on slippery surfaces, as a result of too much deceleration. As in a skid caused by overbraking, the vehicle will not regain traction until the wheels are allowed to turn more quickly. If the driver reduces engine braking by shifting back up, or disengaging the clutch on a manual transmission, traction can be regained.


title: Engine braking

text: In hybrid electric vehicles, like the Toyota Prius, engine braking is simulated by the computer software to match the feel of a traditional automatic transmission. For long downhill runs, the "B" mode acts like a lower gear, using the higher RPM of the internal combustion engine to waste energy, preventing the battery from being overcharged. Almost all electric and hybrid vehicles are able to convert kinetic motion into electricity, i.e. regenerative brakes, but since the internal combustion engine is not used to slow the vehicle when using regenerative braking, it is not the same as engine braking.


title: Engine braking

text: Engine braking is a generally accepted practice and can help save wear on friction brakes. It is even used in some motor sports to reduce the risk of the friction brakes overheating. Additionally, fuel injection engines generally do not use fuel while engine braking. This is known as deceleration fuel cut-off (DFCO).


title: Engine braking

text: Although no longer in production in most countries, there are still plenty of carbureted engines in service, with which engine braking is counter-productive to fuel economy due to the lack of a DFCO mechanism. The cost of wasted fuel can well outweigh the gain of reduced brake wear.


title: Engine braking

text: Compression-release ("Jake") braking, a form of engine braking used almost exclusively on diesel engines, produces extreme amounts of noise pollution if there is no muffler on the intake manifold of the engine. Anecdotally, it sounds similar to a jackhammer, however the loudness is between 10 and 20 times the sound pressure level of a jackhammer (10 to 13 dB greater). Numerous cities, municipalities, states, and provinces have banned the use of unmuffled compression brakes, which are typically only legal in roads away from populations. In Australia, traffic enforcement cameras are currently being tested that automatically photograph heavy vehicles that use compression braking.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Vasishta Yoga Samhita (, IAST: ""; also known as Maha-Ramayana, Arsha Ramayana, Vasiṣṭha Ramayana, Yogavasistha-Ramayana and Jnanavasistha.) is a historically popular and influential syncretic philosophical text of Hinduism, dated to the 6th CE or 7th CE — 14th CE or 15th CE. It is attributed to Maharishi Valmiki, but the real author is unknown. The complete text contains over 29,000 verses. The short version of the text is called "Laghu yogavāsiṣṭham" and contains 6,000 verses.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The text is named after sage Vasistha who is mentioned and revered in the seventh book of the Rigveda, and who was called as the first sage of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy by Adi Shankara. The text is structured as a discourse of sage Vasistha to Prince Rama.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The text consists of six books. The first book presents Rama's frustration with the nature of life, human suffering and disdain for the world. The second describes, through the character of Rama, the desire for liberation and the nature of those who seek such liberation. The third and fourth books assert that liberation comes through a spiritual life, one that requires self-effort, and present cosmology and metaphysical theories of existence embedded in stories. These two books are known for emphasizing free will and human creative power. The fifth book discusses meditation and its powers in liberating the individual, while the last book describes the state of an enlightened and blissful Rama.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Yoga Vasistha teachings are structured as stories and fables, with a philosophical foundation similar to those found in Advaita Vedanta, is particularly associated with "drsti-srsti" subschool of Advaita which holds that the "whole world of things is the object of mind". The text is notable for expounding the principles of Maya and Brahman, as well as the principles of non-duality, and its discussion of Yoga. The short form of the text was translated into Persian by the 15th-century.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The name Vasistha in the title of the text refers to Rishi Vasistha. The term Yoga in the text refers to the underlying Yogic theme in its stories and dialogues, and the term is used in a generic sense to include all forms of yoga in the pursuit of liberation, in the style of Bhagavad Gita.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The long version of the text is called "Brihat Yoga Vasistha", wherein "Brihat" means "great or large". The short version of the text is called "Laghu Yoga Vasishta", wherein "Laghu" means "short or small". The longer version is also referred to simply as "Yoga Vasistha" and by numerous other names such as "Vasiṣṭha Ramayana".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The date or century of the text's composition or compilation is unknown, and variously estimated from the content and references it makes to other literature, other schools of Indian philosophies. Scholars agree that the surviving editions of the text were composed in the common era, but disagree whether it was completed in the first millennium or second. Estimates range, states Chapple, from "as early as the sixth or seventh century, to as late as the fourteenth century".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The surviving text mentions Vijnanavada and Madhyamaka schools of Buddhism by name, suggesting that the corresponding sections were composed after those schools were established, or about 5th-century. The translation of a version of the text in 14th- to 15th-century into Persian, has been the basis of the other limit, among scholars such as Farquhar in 1922.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Atreya in 1935 suggested that the text must have preceded Gaudapada and Adi Shankara, because it does not use their terminology, but does mention many Buddhist terms. Dasgupta, a contemporary of Atreya, states that the text includes verses of earlier text, such as its III.16.50 is identical to one found in Kalidasa's Kumarasambhava, thus the text must be placed after the 5th-century. Dasgupta adds that the philosophy and ideas presented in Yoga Vasistha mirror those of found in Advaita Vedanta of Adi Shankara, but neither mention the other, which probably means that the author(s) of Yoga Vasistha were scholars who lived in the same century as Shankara, placing the text in about 7th- to early 8th-century. The shorter summary version of the text is attributed to the Kashmiri scholar Abhinanda, who has been variously dated to have lived in 9th- or 10th-century.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Mainkar states that Yoga Vasistha probably evolved over time. The first work, states Mainkar, was the original ancient work of Vasistha that was an Upanishad with Brahamanical ideas, a work that is lost. This text, suggests Mainkar, was expanded into "Moksopaya" in or after 6th-century, which is now commonly known as "Laghu-Yogavasistha". The "Laghu" (shorter) version was then expanded into the full editions, over time, in the centuries that followed the completion of "Laghu-Yogavasistha". The syncretic incorporation of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism ideas happened in the "Laghu-Yogavasistha" edition, states Mainkar, while ideas from Kashmiri Shaivism, particularly the Trika school, were added to the growing version by the 12th-century. Similar serial expansion, revisions and interpolation is typical in Indian literature. Peter Thomi has published additional evidence in support Mainkar's theory on Yoga Vasistha's chronology.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The oldest surviving manuscript of the "Moksopaya" (or "Moksopaya Shastra") has been dated to have been composed in Srinagar in the 10th century AD.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The author of the shorter version, the "Laghu-Yogavasistha", is generally considered to be Abhinanda of Kashmir.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The text exists in many editions of manuscripts with varying number of verses, but similar message. The full editions contain over 29,000, to a few with 32,000 verses, and in some editions about 36,000 verses. An abridged version by Abhinanda of Kashmir (son of Jayanta Bhatta) is "Laghu" ("Little") "Yogavasistha" and contains 6,000 verses.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The verses of Yoga Vasistha are structured in the genre of ancient Indian literature, called "Grantha". In this genre, each Shloka (verse) in the text is designed to equal 32 syllables, while conveying its message. A Grantha can be sung and depending on its meter, set to specific Raga music. This genre is found in Bhakti movement literature, and Yoga Vasistha's Advaita theories and monism influenced the Grantha literature of Sikhism, whose primary scripture is called "Guru Granth Sahib".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The "Yoga Vasistha" is a syncretic work, containing elements of Vedanta, Yoga, Samkhya, Jainism, Pratyabhijña, and Mahayana Buddhism, thus making it, according to Chapple, "a Hindu text "par excellence", including, as does Hinduism, a mosaic-style amalgam of diverse and sometimes opposing traditions".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The Nirnaya Sagar version of Yoga Vasistha manuscript has 1146 verses in the first Book, 807 in second, 6304 verses in third, 2414 verses in the fourth book, 4322 in the fifth, while the last is longest with 14,296 verses, for a cumulative total of 29,289 verses.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: This is one of the longest Hindu texts in Sanskrit after the "Mahabharata", and an important text of Yoga. It consists of numerous short stories and anecdotes used to help illustrate its ideas and message. The text shows the influence of Advaita Vedanta and Saivite Trika school. In terms of Hindu mythology, the conversation in the Yoga Vasishta is placed chronologically before the "Ramayana".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The traditional belief is that reading this book leads to spiritual liberation. The conversation between Vasistha and Prince Rama is that between a great, enlightened sage and a seeker of liberation. The text discusses consciousness, cosmology, nature of the universe and consciousness, the ultimate dissolution of body, the liberation of the soul and the non-dual nature of existence.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The Yoga Vāsiṣṭha states the following on the credibility of the provider and seeker of knowledge through these magnificent words."'Even a young boy's words are to be accepted if they are words of wisdom, else, reject it like straw even if uttered by Brahmā the creator."'


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The Yoga Vasistha states that there are four characteristics that mark someone ready for spiritual journey who:


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: "Yoga Vasistha" teachings are divided into six parts: dispassion, qualifications of the seeker, creation, existence, dissolution and liberation. It sums up the spiritual process in the seven "Bhoomikas":


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: In Chapter 2 of Book VI, titled as "The story of Iksvaku", the text explains the state of nirvana (liberation) as follows, "Liberation is peace. Liberation is extinction of all conditioning. Liberation is freedom from every kind of physical, psychological and psychic distress. This world is not seen by the ignorant and the wise in the same light. To one who has attained self-knowledge, this world does not appear as samsara, but as the one infinite and indivisible consciousness".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The Yoga Vasistha describes the "Jivanmukta", or liberated person, as follows (abridged from the 1896 translation by KN Aiyer):


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The text, states David Gordon White, has served as a reference on Yoga for medieval era Advaita Vedanta scholars. The Yoga Vasistha, adds White, was one of the popular texts on Yoga that dominated the Indian Yoga culture scene before the 12th-century.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Indian thinker Vinayak Damodar Savarkar has praised Yoga Vasistha in his autobiography "My Transportation For Life":


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The practice of "atma-vichara", "self-enquiry," described in the "Yoga Vasistha", has been popularised due to the influence of Ramana Maharshi, who was strongly influenced by this text.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Originally written in Sanskrit, the "Yoga Vasistha" has been translated into many Indian languages, and the stories are told to children in various forms. There are multiple collections of audio, video and mini-articles available on the scripture.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: During the Mughal Dynasty the text was translated into Persian several times, as ordered by Akbar, Jahangir and Darah Shikuh. One of these translations was undertaken by Nizam al-Din Panipati in the late sixteenth century AD. This translation, known as the "Jug-Basisht", which has since become popular in Persia among intellectuals interested in Indo-Persian culture. The Safavid-era mystic Mir Findiriski (d. 1641) commented on selected passages of "Jug-Basisht".


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: The unabridged text is currently being translated into Russian and published by Swamini Vidyananda Saraswati, first five books are completed by 2017.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: "Yoga Vasistha" was translated into English by Swami Jyotirmayananda, Swami Venkatesananda, Vidvan Bulusu Venkateswaraulu and Vihari Lal Mitra. K. Naryanaswami Aiyer translated the well-known abridged version, "Laghu-Yoga-Vasistha". In 2009, Swami Tejomayananda's "Yoga Vasistha Sara Sangrah" was published by the Central Chinmaya Mission Trust. In this version the "Laghu-Yoga-Vasistha" has been condensed to 86 verses, arranged into seven chapters. A list of all known English translations follows:


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Yoga Vasistha was translated in 2018, from English into Portuguese by Eleonora Meier for Satsang Editora (Brazilian publisher) of the version of Swami Venkatesananda and it is available at www.lojasatsangeditora.com.br - - Páginas: 848 Swami Venkatesananda.


title: Yoga Vasistha

text: Vāsišthas joga. Svami Venkatesananda, 2020, 630 pp. A Latvian translation by Inese Kausa, publisher www.svami.lv


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Fraizer Lee Campbell (born 13 September 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker, most recently for Huddersfield Town. He has also played for Manchester United, Royal Antwerp, Hull City, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Cardiff City, and Crystal Palace.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: A product of Manchester United's youth academy, Campbell progressed to their first team in the 2006–07 season. He made four appearances without scoring in his tenure at the club. He had a loan spell at Belgian club Royal Antwerp, where he scored 24 goals in 38 appearances. He also had loan periods with Hull City and Tottenham Hotspur, where he scored 15 goals in 37 matches and three goals in 22 appearances respectively. He signed for Sunderland at the beginning of the 2009–10 season for £3.5 million. His involvement at Sunderland was limited due to an anterior cruciate ligament injury he sustained in his second season at the club, as well as a recurrence of the same problem later in the season. He moved to Cardiff in January 2013 on a three-and-a-half-year deal, and then Crystal Palace 18 months later. After rejoining Hull City for two years, he moved to Huddersfield Town.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Having previously represented England from under-16 to under-21 level, Campbell earned his sole cap to date for the senior team in 2012.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, Campbell grew up in a Manchester United-supporting household and studied at Huddersfield Grammar School. As a child, Campbell had a short spell at Huddersfield Town's Centre of Excellence, but he was scouted by Manchester United at the age of 10. He also played for Stile Common.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Having been in their youth schemes since the age of 10, Campbell signed for the Manchester United Academy on 1 July 2004. He made an immediate impact, scoring 14 goals in 22 starts for the Under-18s in the 2004–05 season. His performances for the youth team also led to him playing five times for the reserves, for whom he scored once. He signed his first professional contract with Manchester United on 22 March 2006, and he was named as a substitute for Roy Keane's testimonial match at Old Trafford on 9 May 2006, in which he was a 75th minute replacement for Kieran Richardson. Later that summer, he scored his first goal for the club after coming on as a substitute for Wayne Rooney in a friendly against Macclesfield Town.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell joined Manchester United's Belgian partner club Royal Antwerp for the duration of the 2006–07 season, where his goal-scoring exploits resulted in the fans giving him the nickname "Super Campbell". His 21 goals in 31 starts helped Antwerp to a place in the Belgian Second Division play-offs.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: After returning to Manchester United from his loan deal, Campbell scored a volley against Glentoran on 8 August 2007 in a pre-season friendly. He made his senior debut for United on 19 August 2007 in the Manchester derby, after coming on in the 73rd minute for Michael Carrick.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell was sent out on loan again in the 2007–08 season, this time at Hull City in the Championship. He initially joined Hull in October 2007 on loan until January 2008, and scored twice on his home debut in a 3–0 victory over Barnsley. Following his match-winning display against Wolverhampton Wanderers on Boxing Day 2007, in which he scored one goal and assisted another, Hull expressed their interest in extending Campbell's loan until the end of the season. The loan extension was completed on 28 December 2007.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell finished the season as Hull's top scorer, with 15 goals in 32 appearances. On 24 May 2008, he played in the Hull City team that achieved promotion to the top flight for the first time in their 104-year history. Campbell provided the assist for Dean Windass' goal in a 1–0 win over Bristol City in the Championship play-off Final at Wembley Stadium.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Hull expressed a strong desire to retain Campbell's services for the 2008–09 season, with Hull chairman, Paul Duffen, describing Campbell as "too good for the Championship". Following his successes leading to their promotion, Hull were hoping to secure either a permanent move or another season-long loan, depending on Manchester United's willingness to let him go. However, Campbell repeatedly expressed the desire to return to Old Trafford and try to break into the first team, saying "Now I'm back at United, the plan is to try to force my way into the first team." He added, "I'm going to continue to work hard and try to do enough to stay here and go on from there."


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: In July 2008, Campbell was selected for the pre-season tour of South Africa with the Manchester United first team, and scored the team's fourth goal in a 4–0 win over Kaizer Chiefs in the final of the 2008 Vodacom Challenge. He also scored the winning goal in Ole Gunnar Solskjær's testimonial match against Espanyol on 2 August 2008. After the match, United manager Alex Ferguson indicated that Campbell would remain at the club for the duration of the season, stating "Fraizer's future is here". Campbell earned his first winner's medal when he came on as a substitute in United's penalty shoot-out win over Portsmouth in the 2008 FA Community Shield. On 17 August 2008, Campbell started alongside Wayne Rooney for the opening match of the season in a 1–1 draw against Newcastle United.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: On 1 September 2008, transfer deadline day, Hull City bid a club record fee of £7 million for Campbell. However, he instead signed for Tottenham Hotspur on a season-long loan, as part of the transfer of Dimitar Berbatov to Manchester United for £30.75 million. This was contradictory to Ferguson's earlier claim that Campbell would be staying at United for the season. He explained the deal saying; "Tottenham insisted that he be part of the deal and Fraizer's signed his own agreement to go there for the year so we're happy with that." He made his Tottenham debut on 18 September 2008, coming on as a 56th-minute substitute for Aaron Lennon in a UEFA Cup first-round first-leg match against Wisła Kraków. Within 15 minutes of coming on, Campbell provided Darren Bent with the assist for the winning goal. Campbell scored his first two goals for Tottenham in a 4–2 victory over Liverpool in the League Cup fourth round, as well as setting up his strike partner Roman Pavlyuchenko for the match's opening goal. On 15 November 2008, Campbell scored his first ever Premier League goal late in a 2–1 defeat to Fulham.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Hull City refused to give up on Campbell and in June 2009 they returned with a £6 million bid for Campbell, which was accepted by Manchester United. However, the striker said he would not decide on his future until completion of England's participation in the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: In June 2009, Manchester United accepted a bid reported as £6 million from Hull City and on 1 July Campbell was reported to have chosen the club over Sunderland. On 11 July 2009, however, he signed a four-year contract with Sunderland after Manchester United had accepted a £3.5 million bid (potentially rising to £6 million) after successfully passing a medical earlier that same day. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 League Cup victory over Birmingham City. On 28 December 2009, Campbell partnered Darren Bent in attack against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in the 2–2 draw. Campbell scored twice in the FA Cup against non-League team Barrow on 2 January 2010. On 9 March 2010, Campbell scored his first Premier League goal for Sunderland, scoring against Bolton after just 41 seconds in a 4–0 win. The striker also scored in league matches against Aston Villa, Burnley and Birmingham.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell began the 2010–11 season in goalscoring form in pre-season, scoring four goals in a friendly against Hull, and goals against Leicester City and Brighton & Hove Albion. Having forced his way into manager Steve Bruce's plans, he started the opening match of the new Premier League season, playing the full 90 minutes against Birmingham at the Stadium of Light in a 2–2 draw. He also played the full 90 minutes in Sunderland's next league outing against West Bromwich Albion at the Hawthorns. However, he sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury in Sunderland's 1–0 win against Manchester City on 29 August 2010, which sidelined him for an expected six months. Steve Bruce said "It's a tragedy. But Fraizer will be back. He's a larger-than-life character. He was just starting to show what he was about. But make no mistake he'll be back and he'll be firing again." regarding the injury.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell made his return to training in March 2011. Despite having seemingly recovered from the injury, Campbell suffered a recurrence of the ligament injury in the same knee in preparation for a match against Manchester City on 3 April 2011. After undergoing surgery on 20 April 2011, it was learned that Campbell would be out of action for 12 months. This injury ruled Campbell out of action for the remainder of the 2010–11 season and much of the 2011–12 season. Though he was proposed to return in March 2012, Steve Bruce revealed that Campbell was in the frame to return to action around Christmas time – three months ahead of schedule.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell scored on his return for Sunderland on 29 January 2012, coming on at half time for Connor Wickham against Middlesbrough in an FA Cup 4th Round tie where he scored the equaliser in a 1–1 draw at the Stadium of Light. Campbell made his Premier League return on 1 February 2012 against Norwich City, opening the scoring and providing an assist in a 3–0 home win.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: On 21 January 2013, Campbell signed for Cardiff City on a three-and-a-half-year deal for a fee believed to be in the region of £650,000. He made his debut on 2 February 2013 against Leeds United, where he scored the only goal of the match in the 64th minute after coming on as a substitute just two minutes before. On 16 February, Campbell scored two goals on his home debut against Bristol City in the Severnside derby, which was then followed by another two against Wolverhampton Wanderers the following week. Campbell was named as the Championship's Player of the Month for February 2013 after scoring all of Cardiff's five goals during the month. On the last day of the Championship title-winning season, Campbell scored in a 2–2 draw with his former club Hull, taking his final season tally for the Cardiff to seven goals in twelve appearances. In the second match of the 2013–14 season on 25 August 2013, Campbell scored twice in a famous 3–2 victory at Cardiff against Manchester City, with both goals coming from headers off corner kicks.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Cardiff accepted two bids for Campbell, one from Leicester City and one from Crystal Palace. On 24 July 2014, Crystal Palace completed the signing of Campbell on a three-year deal after matching the release clause in his contract, believed to be in the region of £900,000. He was released from his contract on 30 June 2017.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: On 19 July 2017, Campbell re-signed for newly relegated Championship club Hull City on a two-year contract. He made his debut on the opening day of the season, 5 August 2017, away at Aston Villa, in a 1–1 draw. He scored his first goal for the club on 23 September 2017, in an away match against Reading that was drawn 1–1. He left Hull at the end of the 2018–19 season when his contract expired.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell signed for newly relegated Championship club Huddersfield Town on 12 August 2019 on a two-year contract. He made his debut on 21 August as an 84th-minute substitute in a 2–1 defeat away to Cardiff City, his former club. In the 2020–21 season, Campbell featured in 40 out of 46 Championship fixtures, scoring seven goals. He was awarded the Championship Goal of the Month award for September and was nominated for the EFL's Mitre Goal of the Year competition. He is an ambassador for the club’s charity, the Huddersfield Town Foundation. On 11 May 2021, he signed a new one-year deal with Huddersfield, with the option of a further year. Huddersfield announced on 1 June 2022 that Campbell had not been offered a new contract and would be released when his current contract expired at the end of the month.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell was capped at various youth levels for England, playing three times for the under-16s, six times for the under-17s and once for the under-18s.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: During his loan spell at Hull City, Campbell received his first call-up to the England under-21 team, coming on as a substitute in a match against Poland on 25 March 2008. He scored his first international goal on 18 November 2008 in a 2–0 victory over the Czech Republic Under-21s. He also scored in the second group match of the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship against Spain, in a 2–0 victory on 18 June 2009. He was sent off in the semi-final of the championship against Sweden. Following his under-21 experience, Campbell's Sunderland manager Steve Bruce urged Fabio Capello to consider Campbell for promotion to the senior squad saying, "the England manager should have a look at him", also saying "As for England, why not? Why not go with up-and-coming young talent?"


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: On 23 February 2012, despite only scoring six league goals in four years, Campbell received his first call-up to the England squad for the friendly versus the Netherlands. Interim England manager Stuart Pearce had stated his ambitions to select untried young players for the friendly which would take place on 29 February. Pearce had given Campbell all 14 of his under-21 caps. Campbell made his debut as a substitute for Danny Welbeck in the 80th minute, as England lost 3–2 due to an injury-time game-winning goal by Arjen Robben.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: Campbell is of Jamaican descent. He has two children with his wife, Emma. He missed the birth of his first child, as he was making his debut for England. Campbell's daughter was born at almost exactly the same time as he came on the pitch as a second-half substitute.


title: Fraizer Campbell

text: His younger brother Ashford was a contestant on "The X Factor" 2011 as part of boy band The Risk until they were voted out in Week 5.


title: West Bengal Civil Service

text: West Bengal Civil Service (Executive), popularly known as W.B.C.S.(Exe.), is the civil service of the Indian state of West Bengal. For the WBCS (Exe) and other comparative posts, Public Service Commission of West Bengal arranges competitive examinations in three phases every year. These phases are Preliminary, Mains and Personality Test.


title: West Bengal Civil Service

text: Usually, online form fill up begins xor WBCS in the month of November. Preliminary Exam is held in the Last week of January or first week of February at different cities of West Bengal. Post the publication of Preliminary results, Mains Exams are held in June–July in some selected institutions of Kolkata city and at the office of WBPSC. The candidates who passed in Mains are called for Personality test. At last, a selection list is issued by PSC consisting the name of qualified candidates of Mains Exams and Personality test. All these processes take up to one and a half year.


title: West Bengal Civil Service

text: There are different groups in recruitment of such examination based on choice and merit of scored number. These are Group A, Group B (only for West Bengal Police Service ), Group C and Group D. The WBCS (Exe) officers belong to Group A . In general, As per record of the WBPSC the candidates with higher scores opt for WBCS (Exe), WBPS and some allied services like erstwhile WBCTS etc. as their first choice. Since 1988 some of the top ranked candidates have opted an allied service called WB commercial Tax Service (WBCTS) as their first choice due to less strenuous nature of the service and the lure of metro posting.


title: West Bengal Civil Service

text: Only WBCS (Exe) & WBCTS cadres are considered to be the State Civil Service by UPSC for direct promotion from WBCS and WBPS officers to IAS & IPS after 7 to 9 years of service in state police service.


title: West Bengal Civil Service

text: The WBCS (Exe) officers are usually appointed as deputy magistrates or deputy collectors on probation and after completion of two years of mandatory administrative training under the tutelage of Administrative Training Institute, start their career as Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector and Block Development (B.D.O.) Officers. They also pass order in Executive Magistrate Court and execute some sections of Criminal Procedure Code. The officers of the cadre perform the key administrative functions at different levels of various departments of the state. The highest position WBCS (Exe) officers can attain is that of Departmental secretary. Three posts of district magistrate in the State of West Bengal is reserved for these officers. WBCS (Exe) officers may also be nominated at a later stage of their career to become Indian Administrative Services (IAS) officers.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: "Chattanooga Choo Choo" is a 1941 song written by Mack Gordon and composed by Harry Warren. It was originally recorded as a big band/swing tune by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra and featured in the 1941 movie "Sun Valley Serenade". It was the first song to receive a gold record, presented by RCA Victor in 1942, for sales of 1.2 million copies.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The song was an extended production number in the 20th Century Fox film "Sun Valley Serenade". The Glenn Miller recording, RCA Bluebird B-11230-B, became the No. 1 song across the United States on December 7, 1941, and remained at No. 1 for nine weeks on the "Billboard Best Sellers" chart. The flip side of the single was "I Know Why (And So Do You)", which was the A side.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The song opens up with the band, sounding like a train rolling out of the station, complete with the trumpets and trombones imitating a train whistle, before the instrumental portion comes in playing two parts of the main melody. This is followed by the vocal introduction of four lines before the main part of the song is heard.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The singer describes the train's route, originating from Pennsylvania Station in New York and running through Baltimore to North Carolina before reaching Chattanooga. He mentions a woman he knew from an earlier time in his life, who will be waiting for him at the station and with whom he plans to settle down for good. After the entire song is sung, the band plays two parts of the main melody as an instrumental, with the instruments imitating the "WHOO WHOO" of the train as the song ends.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The 78-rpm was recorded on May 7, 1941, for RCA Victor's Bluebird label and became the first to be certified a gold disc on February 10, 1942, for 1,200,000 sales. The transcription of this award ceremony can be heard on the first of three volumes of RCA's "Legendary Performer" compilations released by RCA in the 1970s. In the early 1990s a two-channel recording of a portion of the "Sun Valley Serenade" soundtrack was discovered, allowing reconstruction of a true-stereo version of the film performance.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The composition was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941 for Best Song from a movie. The song achieved its success that year even though it could not be heard on network radio for much of 1941 due to the ASCAP boycott.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: In 1996, the 1941 recording of "Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The song was written by the team of Mack Gordon and Harry Warren, allegedly while traveling on the Southern Railway's "Birmingham Special" train. This was one of three trains operating from New York City via Chattanooga. The "Tennessean" continued to Memphis while the "Pelican" continued to New Orleans via Birmingham. The Southern Railway operated these trains in cooperation with the Norfolk and Western Railway and the Pennsylvania Railroad.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: Details in the song do not align with "The Birmingham Special", however, which suggests that the writers took some artistic license. Specifically:


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: On the May 7, 1941 original recording by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in Hollywood on RCA Bluebird, the featured singer was Tex Beneke, who was accompanied by Paula Kelly, the Modernaires (vocals), Billy May, John Best, Ray Anthony, R. D. McMickle (trumpet), Glenn Miller, Jim Priddy, Paul Tanner, Frank D'Annolfo (trombone), Hal McIntyre, Wilbur Schwartz (clarinet, alto saxophone), Tex Beneke, Al Klink (tenor saxophone), Ernie Caceres (baritone saxophone), Chummy MacGregor (piano), Jack Lathrop (guitar), Trigger Alpert (bass), and Maurice Purtill (drums). The arrangement was by Jerry Gray.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The song has been recorded by numerous artists, including Taco, Beegie Adair, the Andrews Sisters, Ray Anthony, Asleep at the Wheel, BBC Big Band, George Benson, John Bunch, Caravelli, Regina Carter, Ray Charles, Harry Connick Jr., Ray Conniff, John Denver, Ernie Fields, Stéphane Grappelli and Marc Fosset, John Hammond Jr., the Harmonizing Four, Harmony Grass, Ted Heath, Betty Johnson, Susannah McCorkle, Ray McKinley, Big Miller, the Muppets, Richard Perlmutter, Oscar Peterson, Spike Robinson, Harry Roy, Jan Savitt, Hank Snow, Teddy Stauffer, Dave Taylor, Claude Thornhill, the Tornados, Vox and Guy Van Duser.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: Nevertheless, Lindenberg finally succeeded in getting an invitation to the GDR rock festival Rock for Peace on October 25, 1983, on the condition that Lindenberg would not play "Sonderzug nach Pankow" at the concert. Honecker, a former brass band drummer of Rotfrontkämpferbund, and Lindenberg exchanged presents in form of a leather jacket and a metal shawm in 1987. Lindenberg's success at passing the Inner German border peacefully with a humorous song gave him celebrity status as well as a positive political acknowledgement in both West and East Germany.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: In October 1944, a new recording by Captain Glenn Miller and the Army Air Forces Training Command Orchestra featuring Sgt. Ray McKinley and the Crew Chiefs on vocals was released as a V-Disc by the U.S. War Department, one of a series of recordings sent free by the U.S. War Department to overseas military personnel during World War II.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: Today, trains have a pride of place in Chattanooga's former Terminal Station. Once owned and operated by the Southern Railway, the station was saved from demolition after the withdrawal of passenger rail service in the early 1970s, and it is now part of a 30-acre (12-hectare) resort complex, including the Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel, and numerous historical railway exhibits. Hotel guests can stay in half of a restored passenger railway car. Dining at the complex includes the Gardens restaurant in the Terminal Station itself, The Station House (which is housed in a former baggage storage room and known for its singing waitstaff) and the "Dinner in the Diner" which is housed in a restored 1941 Class A dining car. The music venue "Track29" is also on the grounds of the Chattanooga Choo Choo hotel in the building that formerly housed the city's only ice rink at the back of the property. The city's other historic station, Union Station, parts of which predated the Civil War, was demolished in 1973; the site is now an office building formerly housing the corporate offices of the Krystal restaurant chain (the restaurant chain offices have since relocated to Atlanta, Georgia). In addition to the railroad exhibits at "the Choo Choo", there are further exhibits at Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, in east Chattanooga.


title: Chattanooga Choo Choo

text: The reputation given to the city by the song also has lent itself to making Chattanooga the home of the National Model Railroad Association since 1982. In addition, the athletic mascot of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga was, for a time, a rather menacing-looking anthropomorphized mockingbird named Scrappy, who was dressed as a railroad engineer and was sometimes depicted at the throttle of a steam locomotive.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: The M1156 Precision Guidance Kit (PGK), formerly XM1156, is a U.S. Army-designed precision guidance system to turn existing 155 mm artillery shells into smart weapons. The prime contractor was Alliant Techsystems – later merging with Orbital Sciences Corporation to form Orbital ATK, in turn being taken over by Northrop Grumman and renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems – and the industry team includes Interstate Electronics Corporation. By April 2018, more than 25,000 PGKs had been produced.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: In operation the PGK screws into the nose of the projectile much like conventional fuzes. In addition to the fuzing function it provides a GPS guidance package and control surfaces to correct the flight of the shell. This is analogous to the addition of a Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) tail-kit to a dumb iron bomb, creating a precision guided munition. The system began production in 2009, was first expected to be in service by 2010, but was ultimately fielded in spring 2013.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: A conventional unguided M549A1 155 mm artillery projectile has a circular error probability (CEP) of at its maximum range, meaning that half of the rounds can be expected to land within 267 meters of their intended target. This has made unguided artillery dangerous to use in close combat for fear of friendly fire and collateral damage. The M982 Excalibur was fielded as a guided shell that effectively hit within of a target, but the Army developed the XM1156 as a cheaper alternative. The PGK fuse can be screwed onto existing M549A1 and M795 projectiles, be fired from M109A6 Paladin and M777A2 Howitzer artillery systems, and hits within of the target at any range.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: Small aerodynamic fins allow the system to steer the shell on target. Its GPS receiver compares the PGK's flight pattern to the coordinates of where it should hit, and the fins adjust its path to match where the round will actually impact. A fail safe exists where if the shell does not impact within of the intended target, it will land but not explode; the PGK "decides" five seconds after launch whether it expects to impact close enough to detonate. This safety feature is expected to give soldiers more confidence when calling in artillery support close to their position. The PGK fuze weighs , more than a standard fuze because of the addition of fins and an alternator. The self-contained system does not need a battery since the alternator inside generates power in flight. Not only is the PGK fuze cheaper to produce than whole purpose-built guided artillery shells, its purpose to turn standard shells into more accurate rounds enables the millions of rounds already in inventories to be upgraded, while new smart shells have to be built to create a stockpile.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: The PGK is compatible with various 155 mm artillery stockpiles to reduce dispersion. It was demonstrated on German DM111 shells in September 2014 fired from a PzH2000 self-propelled howitzer. From a distance of , 90 percent of the PGK-equipped German shells landed within 5 meters of the target.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: Following fielding in Afghanistan under an urgent materiel release, the PGK underwent First Article Acceptance Tests to verify performance, reliability, and safety. During tests, PGK-fuzed rounds had consistent performance across towed and self-propelled artillery platforms, passing the accuracy objective requirement of or less CEP with a majority of rounds being placed within . On 6 February 2015, ATK announced that the PGK had passed acceptance testing and been approved for low-rate initial production (LRIP). In April 2015, the PGK completed a first Production Lot Acceptance Test to assess the reliability and provide acceptance of the first low rate initial production lot. 41 out of 42 PGK rounds fired from an M109A6 Paladin performed reliably, a 97 percent success rate.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: On 29 June 2015, Orbital ATK announced that the PGK had completed its first production Lot Acceptance Test, demonstrating a median accuracy of less than 10 meters and passing all safety and reliability requirements. Two additional Lot Acceptance Tests are to confirm production consistency and provide information for product improvements over the course of production. By mid-2016, 4,779 PGK fuses had been produced under the low-rate initial production contract, with full-rate production commencing through 2019.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: In 2021, the U.S. Army plans to produce the upgraded M1156E2/A1, compatible with newer XM1128 high explosive and XM1113 rocket-assisted projectiles to achieve 10-meter accuracy at 30 km and 40 km respectively when fired from a 39-caliber barrel. The follow-on M1156E3/A2 in 2022 will be designed to operate with the GPS-M satellite constellation along with having a lower cost electronic module. After that, a new version known as the Long Range PGK will enable accuracy with XM1113 projectiles out to 70 km when fired from 58-caliber barrels of artillery pieces developed from the Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA) program, as well as being compatible with legacy projectiles and being able to operate in a near-peer GPS threat environment.


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: On 8 August 2013, Australia requested the sale of 4,002 M1156 Precision Guidance Kits with training and associated equipment for $54 million, something unusual for an item still in low-rate initial production. PGKs were ordered for Australia and Canada in February 2015. Australia is to begin receiving PGKs in the December 2015-January 2016 timeframe. On 24 April 2018, the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency approved the foreign military sale of 3,500 M1156 kits to the Netherlands at an estimated cost of .


title: M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

text: In March 2013, the 15th Field Artillery Regiment in Afghanistan began training on equipment related to the XM1156, and began fielding PGK rounds shortly after, with initial fielding completed by the end of June. The U.S. Army received 2,400 PGK-equipped shells and the U.S. Marine Corps received 700 shells.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: The Latin Grammy Awards are an award by The Latin Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the Latin music industry. The Latin Grammy honors works recorded in Spanish or Portuguese from anywhere around the world that has been released in Ibero-America. Submissions of products recorded in languages, dialects or idiomatic expressions recognized in Ibero America, such as Catalan, Basque, Galician, Valencian, Nahuatl, Guarani, Quechua or Mayan may be accepted by a majority vote. Both the regular Grammy Award and the Latin Grammy Award have similar nominating and voting processes, in which the selections are decided by peers within the Latin music industry.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: The first annual Latin Grammys ceremony was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on September 13, 2000. Broadcast by CBS, that first ceremony became the first primarily Spanish language primetime program carried on an English language American television network. The 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards will be held on November 17, 2022 at Michelob Ultra Arena in Las Vegas.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: Since 2005, the awards have been broadcast in the United States by Univision. In 2013, 9.8 million people watched the Latin Grammy Awards on Univision, making the channel a top-three network for the night in the U.S.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: The Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (now The Latin Recording Academy) was formed by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (now The Recording Academy) in 1997. It was founded by Michael Greene and Producers & Songwriters Rudy Pérez & Mauricio Abaroa. Rudy Pérez was the Grammy Florida chapter's first President of the Board. The concept of a separate Grammy Awards for Latin music began in 1989. According to organizers, the Latin Grammy Awards was established as the Latin music universe was deemed too large to fit on the Grammy Awards. The Latin Recording Academy defines Latin music as music in Spanish or Portuguese. The Latin Grammy Awards mainly encompasses music released in Latin America, Spain, Portugal and the Latino United States. In 2000, it was announced that the 1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards would take place at the Staples Center on September 13, 2000. On July 7, 2000, the nominations were announced in Miami, Florida, United States. The Latin Grammys were introduced with over 39 categories included limited to Spanish and Portuguese-speaking recordings. The first telecast took place at the Staples Center and was broadcast. The following year's show was canceled due to the September 11, 2001 attacks, which was the same day the show was to take place. In 2002, the academy elected its first independent Board of Trustees. In 2005, the broadcast was moved from CBS to Univision where the whole telecast was in Spanish.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: Voting members live in various regions in the US and outside of the US including Latin America and Iberia. For a recording to be eligible for a nomination, it must have at least 51% of its content recorded in Spanish or Portuguese and commercially released in North America, Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Spain, or Portugal. Products recorded in languages and dialects from Ibero-America such as Catalan, Basque, Galician, Valencian, Nahuatl, Guarani, Quechua or Mayan may be accepted by majority vote of the committees of the Latin Recording Academy. The Latin Recording Academy also accepts Latin instrumental music from Ibero-America as well as compositions that have been composed or interpreted by an Iberian American musician.> The eligibility period is June 1 to May 30 for a respective awards ceremony. Recordings are first entered and then reviewed to determine the awards they are eligible for. Following that, nominating ballots are mailed to voting members of the academy. The votes are tabulated and the five recordings in each category with the most votes become the nominees. Final voting ballots are sent out to voting members and the winners are determined. Winners are later announced at the Latin Grammy Awards. The current President & CEO of the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences is Manuel Abud, who succeeded Gabriel Abaroa in 2021.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: Altogether there are three events: the Life Achievement when renowned artists are honored for lifetime achievement; Person of the Year, when one artist is honored at a gala dinner, and Grammy itself, an award that brings together artists from all over Latin America and Iberia and that today is broadcast live to 80 countries, including Brazil, by channel Univision (TNT in Brazil).


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: The rest of the fields are genre-specific. Special non-competitive awards are also given out for more long-lasting contributions to the Latin music industry.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: With 21 Latin Grammy Awards, Calle 13 have won the most Latin Grammy Awards. Juanes, with 19 Latin Grammy Awards, holds the record for most awards won by a solo artist. Natalia Lafourcade is the biggest winner among female artists with 13 awards.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: As with its Grammy Awards counterpart, the Latin Grammy Awards has also received criticism from various recording artists and music journalists.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: Upon the announcement of the Latin Grammy Awards in 1999, several musical journalists raised concerns about the awards being used as a marketing tool by the mainstream media. Manny S. Gonzalez of the "Vista En L.A" felt that the award would just be used to advertise artists being promoted by Emilio Estefan. The lack of categories for non Spanish and Portuguese-speaking music has been criticized, namely by artists who consider their work to be "Latin" in sound or origin but are not eligible for a Latin Grammy including those from Haiti (who have compared their compas music to merengue music from the Dominican Republic but is sung in French Creole) and Celtic musicians from the Galicia and Asturias regions of Spain. The linguistic requirement has also been criticized by Tony Succar whose album, "", was not eligible for a Latin Grammy Award despite the album being recorded in salsa music. In response to the criticism, a spokesman for the Latin Recording Academy stated: "The Latin Recording Academy considers music based on the contents of the recording itself -- the technical elements that go into the art of music making -- not based on how a recording or an artist is marketed externally." In 2001, Cuban exiles living in Miami protested at the Latin Grammy Awards for allowing musicians living in Cuba to perform at the stage. This resulted in the Latin Grammys being moved to Los Angeles for the second annual awards (which would in the end be canceled in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks).


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: In October 2010, a year in which he did not have any new works eligible for the 11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Venezuelan singer-songwriter Franco De Vitaa previous nomineecalled the Latin Grammys "fake and a lie" and stated that if he were to ever win an award, he would not accept it. The following year, he won his first two Latin Grammy Awards, at the 12th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. American musician Willie Colón observed the relationship between the Latin Grammys and major Latin record labels. Mexican singer-songwriter Aleks Syntek noted that Mexican artists in general were apathetic towards the awards. The Latin Grammys was met with backlash at the 2019 awards ceremony when none of the urbano artists were nominated in the general categories despite its popularity. This led to several reggaeton artists, including Daddy Yankee and J Balvin, boycotting the event. The Latin Recording Academy responded to criticism by requesting the "leaders of the urban community to get involved with the Academy, to get involved with the process, and to get involved with discussions that improve the Academy." Since the late 2010s, the inclusion of artists from Spain in the awards has garnered controversy from social media users who noted the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Academy itself has been accused of whitewashing by favoring Spaniards and White Latin Americans over Afro–Latin Americans (who were the main contributors of many Latin music genres including the urbano field such as reggaeton). Abud has responded to criticism on the inclusion of Spain by pointing out that "Latin music has been defined by Spanish and Portuguese".


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: The Latin Grammy Awards are held annually in Las Vegas. The ceremony has been held there annually since 2009 and was first held there in 2007. The ceremony spent its first few years being held in Los Angeles and in 2003 took place in Miami. The ceremony had also been held once in New York City and Houston.


title: Latin Grammy Awards

text: In Las Vegas the ceremony has been held at three different venues over the years; the Michelob Ultra Arena, the MGM Grand Garden Arena and the T-Mobile Arena.


title: The Last Thing He Told Me (miniseries)

text: The Last Thing He Told Me is an upcoming thriller television miniseries for Apple TV+, based on the novel of the same name by Laura Dave. The miniseries is created by Dave and Josh Singer and is set to star Jennifer Garner.