title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: In 1954 the government subsidies to the party were cancelled. By 1956 there were approximately 1,700–3,000 members left (out of 10,000–50,000 remaining Ch'ŏndogyo believers). At the same time about 200 persons were full-time employees of the party. In order to finance the party, it ran an iron foundry and a printing house.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: In 1958 the party was purged again. In November of that year, sources alleged that it had, together with the Korean Social Democratic Party, conspired against the DPRK leadership. Kim Tarhyon and his closest associates were arrested. By February they had pleaded guilty, and on 16 February 1958 their parliamentary immunity was revoked. Most likely they were executed, but their exact fate is not known.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: By this time the party had effectively ceased to function as an independent entity. No provincial organization of the party existed, just a formal central nucleus. Pak Sindok, previously the head of the Organizational Department of the party, took over the party leadership.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: The Chondoist Chongu Party is sometimes invoked in North Korean propaganda targeting foreigners, but much less so than the Korean Social Democratic Party. The reason is that Ch'ŏndogyo has fallen into relative obscurity even in South Korea, while social democracy continues to be an accepted political ideology abroad.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: In 1986, the former South Korean foreign minister Choe Deok-sin defected to the North, becoming a leader of the Chondoist Chongu Party.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: In 2001 and 2012, the chairwoman of the party's central committee was Ryu Mi-yong. She was also a member of the presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (), chairwoman of the Central Guidance Committee of the Chondoist Association of Korea (in 2010) and chairwoman of the Council for the Reunification of Tangun's Nation (in 2012). Ryu died in November 2016, leaving the post vacant. As of 2019, the vice chairman of the party's central committee was Ri Myong-chol. He was preceded by Yun Jong-ho. Ri is the central committee chairman.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: According to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in 2006, the party remains under the control of the Workers' Party of Korea.


title: Chondoist Chongu Party

text: The party obtained 22 out of 687 seats in the Supreme People's Assembly in the latest elections, held in 2019.


title: Covering space

text: such that there exists a discrete space formula_6 and for every formula_7 an open neighborhood formula_8, such that formula_9 and formula_10 is a homeomorphism for every formula_11.


title: Covering space

text: Often, the notion of a covering is used for the covering space formula_12 as well as for the map formula_5. The open sets formula_14 are called sheets, which are uniquely determined up to a homeomorphism if formula_15 is connected. For each formula_7 the discrete subset formula_17 is called the fiber of formula_18. The degree of a covering is the cardinality of the space formula_6. If formula_12 is path-connected, then the covering formula_5 is denoted as a path-connected covering.


title: Covering space

text: Since a covering formula_52 maps each of the disjoint open sets of formula_53 homeomorphically onto formula_15 it is a local homeomorphism, i.e. formula_55 is a continuous map and for every formula_56 there exists an open neighborhood formula_57 of formula_58, such that formula_59 is a homeomorphism.


title: Covering space

text: It follows that the covering space formula_12 and the base space formula_1 locally share the same properties.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 and formula_87 be topological spaces and formula_88 and formula_89 be coverings, then formula_90 with formula_91 is a covering.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a topological space and formula_88 and formula_94 be coverings. Both coverings are called equivalent, if there exists a homeomorphism formula_95, such that the diagram


title: Covering space

text: commutes. If such a homeomorphism exists, then one calls the covering spaces formula_12 and formula_97 isomorphic.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_98 be the unit interval and formula_88 be a covering. Let formula_100 be a continuous map and formula_101 be a lift of formula_102, i.e. a continuous map such that formula_103. Then there is a uniquely determined, continuous map formula_104, which is a lift of formula_105, i.e. formula_106.


title: Covering space

text: If formula_1 is a path-connected space, then for formula_108 it follows that the map formula_109 is a lift of a path in formula_1 and for formula_111 it is a lift of a homotopy of paths in formula_1.


title: Covering space

text: Because of that property one can show, that the fundamental group formula_113 of the unit circle is an infinite cyclic group, which is generated by the homotopy classes of the loop formula_114 with formula_115.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a path-connected space and formula_88 be a connected covering. Let formula_118 be any two points, which are connected by a path formula_119, i.e. formula_120 and formula_121. Let formula_122 be the unique lift of formula_119, then the map


title: Covering space

text: If formula_1 is a path-connected space and formula_127 a connected covering, then the induced group homomorphism


title: Covering space

text: is injective and the subgroup formula_130 of formula_131 consists of the homotopy classes of loops in formula_1, whose lifts are loops in formula_12.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 and formula_135 be Riemann surfaces, i.e. one dimensional complex manifolds, and let formula_136 be a continuous map. formula_137 is holomorphic in a point formula_7, if for any charts formula_139 of formula_18 and formula_141 of formula_142, with formula_143, the map formula_144 is holomorphic.


title: Covering space

text: If formula_136 is a non-constant, holomorphic map between compact Riemann surfaces, then formula_137 is surjective and an open map, i.e. for every open set formula_8 the image formula_154 is also open.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_136 be a non-constant, holomorphic map between compact Riemann surfaces. For every formula_7 there exist charts for formula_18 and formula_142 and there exists a uniquely determined formula_159, such that the local expression formula_105 of formula_137 in formula_18 is of the form formula_163. The number formula_164 is called the ramification index of formula_137 in formula_18 and the point formula_7 is called a ramification point if formula_168. If formula_169 for an formula_7, then formula_18 is unramified. The image point formula_172 of a ramification point is called a branch point.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_136 be a non-constant, holomorphic map between compact Riemann surfaces. The degree formula_174 of formula_137 is the cardinality of the fiber of an unramified point formula_172, i.e. formula_177.


title: Covering space

text: This number is well-defined, since for every formula_178 the fiber formula_179 is discrete and for any two unramified points formula_180, it is: formula_181


title: Covering space

text: A continuous map formula_136 is called a branched covering, if there exists a closed set with dense complement formula_184, such that formula_185 is a covering.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_195 be a simply connected covering. If formula_196 is another simply connected covering, then there exists a uniquely determined homeomorphism formula_197, such that the diagram


title: Covering space

text: This means that formula_80 is, up to equivalence, uniquely determined and because of that universal property denoted as the universal covering of the space formula_1.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a connected, locally simply connected topological space; then, there exists a universal covering formula_201.


title: Covering space

text: The topology on formula_65 is constructed as follows: Let formula_207 be a path with formula_208. Let formula_15 be a simply connected neighborhood of the endpoint formula_210, then for every formula_211 the paths formula_212 inside formula_213 from formula_18 to formula_215 are uniquely determined up to homotopy. Now consider formula_216, then formula_217 with formula_218 is a bijection and formula_219 can be equipped with the final topology of formula_220.


title: Covering space

text: The fundamental group formula_221 acts freely through formula_222 on formula_65 and formula_224 with formula_225 is a homeomorphism, i.e. formula_226.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_88 be a covering. A deck transformation is a homeomorphism formula_243, such that the diagram of continuous maps


title: Covering space

text: commutes. Together with the composition of maps, the set of deck transformation forms a group formula_244, which is the same as formula_245.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a path-connected space and formula_88 be a connected covering. Since a deck transformation formula_243 is bijective, it permutes the elements of a fiber formula_259 with formula_7 and is uniquely determined by where it sends a single point. In particular, only the identity map fixes a point in the fiber. Because of this property every deck transformation defines a group action on formula_12, i.e. let formula_8 be an open neighborhood of a formula_7 and formula_264 an open neighborhood of an formula_265, then formula_266 is a group action.


title: Covering space

text: A covering formula_88 is called normal, if formula_268. This means, that for every formula_7 and any two formula_270 there exists a deck transformation formula_243, such that formula_272.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a path-connected space and formula_88 be a connected covering. Let formula_275 be a subgroup of formula_131, then formula_80 is a normal covering iff formula_278 is a normal subgroup of formula_131.


title: Covering space

text: If formula_88 is a path-connected covering and formula_275, then formula_285, whereby formula_286 is the normaliser of formula_278.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_12 be a topological space. A group formula_289 acts discontinuously on formula_12, if every formula_56 has an open neighborhood formula_57 with formula_293, such that for every formula_294 with formula_295 one has formula_296.


title: Covering space

text: If a group formula_289 acts discontinuously on a topological space formula_12, then the quotient map formula_299 with formula_300 is a normal covering. Hereby formula_301 is the quotient space and formula_302 is the orbit of the group action.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_289 be a group, which acts discontinuously on a topological space formula_12 and let formula_299 be the normal covering.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a connected and locally simply connected space, then for every subgroup formula_351 there exists a path-connected covering formula_352 with formula_353.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_354 and formula_355 be two path-connected coverings, then they are equivalent iff the subgroups formula_356 and formula_357 are conjugate to each other.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a connected and locally simply connected space, then, up to equivalence between coverings, there is a bijection:


title: Covering space

text: For a sequence of subgroups formula_360 one gets a sequence of coverings formula_361. For a subgroup formula_362 with index formula_363, the covering formula_364 has degree formula_193.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a topological space. The objects of the category formula_367 are the coverings formula_88 of formula_1 and the morphisms between two coverings formula_88 and formula_371 are continuous maps formula_372, such that the diagram


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_373 be a topological group. The category formula_374 is the category of sets which are G-sets. The morphisms are G-maps formula_375 between G-sets. They satisfy the condition formula_376 for every formula_377.


title: Covering space

text: Let formula_1 be a connected and locally simply connected space, formula_7 and formula_380 be the fundamental group of formula_1. Since formula_373 defines, by lifting of paths and evaluating at the endpoint of the lift, a group action on the fiber of a covering, the functor formula_383 is an equivalence of categories.


title: Covering space

text: An important practical application of covering spaces occurs in charts on SO(3), the rotation group. This group occurs widely in engineering, due to 3-dimensional rotations being heavily used in navigation, nautical engineering, and aerospace engineering, among many other uses. Topologically, SO(3) is the real projective space RP, with fundamental group Z/2, and only (non-trivial) covering space the hypersphere "S", which is the group Spin(3), and represented by the unit quaternions. Thus quaternions are a preferred method for representing spatial rotations – see quaternions and spatial rotation.


title: Covering space

text: However, it is often desirable to represent rotations by a set of three numbers, known as Euler angles (in numerous variants), both because this is conceptually simpler for someone familiar with planar rotation, and because one can build a combination of three gimbals to produce rotations in three dimensions. Topologically this corresponds to a map from the 3-torus "T" of three angles to the real projective space RP of rotations, and the resulting map has imperfections due to this map being unable to be a covering map. Specifically, the failure of the map to be a local homeomorphism at certain points is referred to as gimbal lock, and is demonstrated in the animation at the right – at some points (when the axes are coplanar) the rank of the map is 2, rather than 3, meaning that only 2 dimensions of rotations can be realized from that point by changing the angles. This causes problems in applications, and is formalized by the notion of a covering space.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: Bushwick is a 2017 American action thriller film directed by Jonathan Milott and Cary Murnion and written by Nick Damici and Graham Reznick. The film is about a former United States Navy Hospital Corpsman (Dave Bautista) and a young graduate student (Brittany Snow) who form an unlikely alliance during the invasion of their city by a mysterious, heavily armed militia. After both are injured during the fighting, they have to work together to rescue family members and escape to the United States Army's extraction point for civilians.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: Lucy, a second year graduate student in civil engineering, and her boyfriend Jose are exiting a subway in Bushwick (in Brooklyn) where they see a man on fire running down into the station. Jose runs out to see what is going on, but is immediately killed by an explosion. Lucy runs out to try to find help but gets chased by two men. They find her in a house, but the men are killed by Stupe, the owner of the house. Stupe, a combat veteran, leaves his home to try to reach his family in Hoboken. Lucy joins him as she tries to get to her grandmother's house. Along the way, Stupe gets injured and trains Lucy in giving first aid and shooting a gun.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: When they reach Lucy's grandmother's home, they find her already dead because of heart failure. As mercenaries infiltrate the home, the two escape and retreat to Belinda's, Lucy's sister. Drugged up, Belinda does not realize what is going on until a mercenary breaks into the home. Stupe subdues the soldier and asks him at gunpoint to explain what is going on. The mercenary reveals that Texas is seceding from the United States and has partnered with other Southern states (Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia and Georgia with parts of Maryland and Pennsylvania also) to form the New American Coalition, with militias to infiltrate US areas, including Bushwick, for insurgency. However, they did not expect the armed resistance from the neighborhood. Stupe convinces the mercenary to reveal the DMZ, where the US Army is extracting non-combatants: Grover Cleveland Park. Stupe knocks out the mercenary and the trio begin to make their way to the park.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: Along the way, they encounter James and his mother in their building. James' mother blackmails Stupe and Lucy into going to the local church where evacuees are hiding and convincing the parish priest to meet up at a local laundromat to arm everyone to fight back as they head to the DMZ. James and his mother keep Belinda hostage to ensure Stupe and Lucy comply. Stupe and Lucy make it to the church, but when they find the priest, he shoots himself. Lucy then tells everyone to meet up at the laundromat to get guns to fight back with.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: As Stupe and Lucy wait for James to arrive with Belinda, they briefly talk about their lives before the war. Stupe reveals that his family had actually died during the September 11 attacks, and he had told Lucy he was going to Hoboken just to try to get rid of her but is glad she stayed with him. As Stupe heads off to the washroom, he is mistakenly shot and killed by a scared teenage girl hiding inside. James arrives with Belinda and they head out for the attack.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: They reach the DMZ, but it is heavily guarded by the mercenaries. As the resistance fights back, Lucy and Belinda stick together and run towards the helicopters. Belinda gets shot in the leg and Lucy runs over to her. As Lucy tries to drag Belinda, Lucy is shot in the head and killed. Belinda cries in horror as members of the resistance carry her to the helicopters. The final shot of smoke shows that the rest of New York City has been under attack as well.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: On March 4, 2015, it was announced that Jonathan Milott and Cary Murnion would direct the disaster action thriller film "Bushwick" based on the script by Nick Damici and Graham Reznick, while producers would be XYZ Films' Nate Bolotin and Bullet Pictures' Adam Folk. Jane Levy was attached to play the female lead role of Lucy. On September 9, 2015, Dave Bautista also joined the film to play a war veteran Stupe. He and Lucy meet during a military invasion of Brooklyn and they decide to cross five blocks of Bushwick to reach the safe zone. On November 4, 2015, Brittany Snow was cast in the film replacing Levy to play her role Lucy. The score was composed by rapper and producer Aesop Rock. Lakeshore Records has released the soundtrack.


title: Bushwick (film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 47% based on 72 reviews, with an average rating of 5.44/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Bushwick"s sociopolitical subtext gives it more heft than the average action thriller, but those ideas are given short shrift in what amounts to a disappointing shoot-'em-up." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."


title: Bushwick (film)

text: Simon Crook for "Empire" praised the film calling it a brilliant B-movie with a political punch and called for a sequel. Geoff Berkshire at "Variety" wrote that "Even if the low-budget execution is uneven at times, there’s enough snap to the filmmaking, and enough raw power in the premise, to make for solid B-movie excitement. Chuck Bowen of "Slant Magazine" called it a "a genre film with a refreshing sense of political infrastructure".


Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan () is an Emirati politician. He is the son of the previous President of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.


title: Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan

text: Sheikh Mohammed is the member of Executive Council of Abu Dhabi. He is also on the board of directors of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: Kushal Punjabi (23 April 1977 – 26 December 2019) was an Indian film and television actor. He won the TV reality game show "", the Indian version of US game show "Wipeout" in February 2011, taking home the prize of .


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: Punjabi had been in movies such as Farhan Akhtar's "Lakshya", Karan Johar's "Kaal", UTV's "Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal", and Cinevistaa's "Sssshhh..." He had also appeared in a number of television series, most recently in "Ishq Mei Marjawan" on Colors TV, where he plays an advocate. In addition, he has participated in several reality shows, including "Fear Factor, Mr. & Miss TV, Paisa Bhari Padega, Nautica Navigators Challenge, Ek Se Badhkar Ek", and "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa".


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: He had been a professional modern jazz and hip hop dancer and choreographed the Gladrags Manhunt Megamodel and Mrs. India contests as well as various fashion shows and music videos. He choreographed and directed the 'Star Walk' Fashion event for UMEED (a NGO for children).


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: Punjabi was born on 23 April 1977 into a Sindhi family. His father is from Karachi, his mother is from Hyderabad, and he was born and raised in Mumbai. As a child, Punjabi was extremely active and started cycling, skating, swimming and dancing very early. In the coming years he played football, and swam for his school and college. He loved travelling and being outdoors, and his spirit of adventure made him an apt candidate for adventure sports which he did with great passion. His love of dance theatre and music helped him in becoming a serious actor, and he went on to do more than 20 TV shows, 5 films, and numerous music videos and commercials.


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: He started his career as a dancer and model, and participated in "Gladrags Manhunt Contest", in 2000. He also appeared in the music album of Shweta Shetty pop song Deewane To Deewane Hai in 1997. His television career began with the TV series "A Mouthful Of Sky" in 1995 for DD Metro channel, followed by "Love Marriage" in 2002 on Zee TV, and also appeared in a number of series like "Don" in 2006 for Star One, "Santaan" from 2007–2008 for Star Plus, "Kasamh se" in 2006 for Zee TV, "Sssshh...Phir Koi Hain" for Star One and "King Aasman Ka Ek Raja" for Sony TV. He appeared as Sub-inspector in , detective-crime TV series, "CID" (on Sony TV) from 2003 to 2004 and had a small role in the TV series, "Kkusum". In 2004, he appeared as a lead in "Dekho Magar Pyaar Se" (on STAR Plus), an Indian adaptation of popular Venezuelan TV series, "Mi Gorda Bella" and also in popular comedy TV series, "Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa" on Zee TV. His other shows were "Antariksh" in 2008 for Star Plus, "Yeh Dil Chahe More" in 2006 for Star One, "Hum Tum" in 2008 for Zee Next and "Rishta dot com" on Sony TV in 2010 for Yash Raj productions. He also appeared in STAR Plus TV series, "Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat" from 2008 to 2010. In 2010, he did a cameo in SAB TV's "Gutur Gu", India's first silent comedy series. He then bagged a prominent role in Cinevista's "Sssshhh...", Farhan Akhtar's film, "Lakshya" (2004), followed by Karan Johar's "Kaal", which also starred Ajay Devgn.


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: He appeared in Hindi films, like "Sssshhh..." (2003) "Lakshya" (2004), "Kaal" (2005), "" (2007) and "Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal" (2007).


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: He was a trained dancer-choreographer and worked as a dancer/trainer with Shiamak Davar for while. He participated in reality shows like "Mr. & Ms. TV" (2007), "Fear Factor", "Fun on the Run" and "Ek Se Badhkar Ek" (2008) on Zee TV, and in 2011 won the TV reality game show "Zor Ka Jhatka", the Indian version of "Wipeout!", which started with 28 contestants, in an obstacle course set in Argentina, and was hosted by Shah Rukh Khan, and was shooting for Balaji Film's "Rock the Shaadi" as 1 of the 3 main leads. He also made a wild card entry in the dance reality show "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa".


title: Kushal Punjabi

text: Punjabi was found dead at his residence in Bandra, Mumbai on 26 December 2019. The cause of death was reported to be suicide by hanging. He died at the age of 42. He was suffering from depression. Before committing suicide, he distributed his property among his parents and son, as stated in his suicide note.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: Broderick Dornell Smiley (born August 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and radio personality, known for his prank phone calls. The calls feature Smiley disguising his voice and carrying on a conversation with the recipient of the call. He is the host of the nationally syndicated "Rickey Smiley Morning Show" based in Atlanta from its flagship affiliate WHTA "Hot 107.9". Smiley has starred in sitcom "The Rickey Smiley Show", which aired on TV One. He is also a featured columnist on the Fox-produced tabloid nationally-syndicated show "Dish Nation". In 2015, Smiley started appearing on "Rickey Smiley For Real", a reality television series about his life.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: Smiley appeared as the host of the 2000 season of BET's "ComicView" program. He has also appeared on "Showtime at the Apollo", HBO's "Def Comedy Jam", HBO's "Snaps", "The Nashville Network", "Uptown Comedy Club", and "Comic Escape". His original comedy routines often feature the role-play of fictional characters such as "Bernice Jenkins" (also known as Granny Swims, Ms. Johnson or Mrs. Francis), "Lil' Daryl", "Rusty Dale" and "Beauford". Bernice Jenkins has a grandson named Rufus, who's a stereotype of the modern-day "Gangsta". He is referenced in "Two Of My Toes Fell Off" and another prank phone call where Smiley calls a pharmacy.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: Smiley became the morning show personality for radio station KBFB in Dallas, Texas in April 2004. The show features the trademark prank calls, as well as news, information and the latest hip hop music. In 2008, Smiley signed a deal with Syndication One (a syndicated radio division of Radio One) to take the show nationwide, and "The Rickey Smiley Morning Show" is now heard on a number of mainstream urban radio stations. Syndication One merged into Reach Media in 2013.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: He has also released several humorous songs based on his bits, such as "Roll Tide" featuring his redneck character Buford, and "We Miss Robert", based on a routine of his in which a friend of a deceased drug dealer performs a rap song called "We Miss Robert" at the funeral, which is actually a song about a woman, performed in hopes of landing a record deal.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: He also appeared in "All About the Benjamins" as an informant of Ice Cube's character, Snitch Mitch. His appearance can be viewed in a deleted scene in the special features of the DVD.


title: Rickey Smiley

text: On July 6, 2020, Smiley announced that his daughter, Aaryn, was shot during a road rage incident the previous weekend.


title: Karimnagar

text: is a city and District Headquarters in the Indian state of Telangana. Karimnagar is a major urban agglomeration and fifth largest City in the state. It is governed by Municipal corporation and is the headquarters of the Karimnagar district It is situated on the banks of Manair River, which is a tributary of the Godavari River.It is the third largest and fastest growing urban settlement in the state, according to 2011 census. It has registered a population growth rate of 45.46% and 38.87% respectively over the past two decades between 1991 and 2011, which is highest growth rate among major cities of Telangana. It serves as a major educational and health hub for the northern districts of Telangana. It is a major business center and widely known for its agricultural and granite industries, earning the nickname "City of Granites."


title: Karimnagar

text: It has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission by replacing Hyderabad based on the request from the Chief Minister of Telangana K. Chandrashekar Rao.


title: Karimnagar

text: During the Nizam era, the name "Karimnagar" was named for a village by an Elgandala Qiladar, Syed Karimuddin.


title: Karimnagar

text: Kotilingala now in Jagtial district was the first capital of the Satavahana Kingdom (230 BCE–220 CE). Formerly known as Sabbinadu, inscriptions dating to the Kakatiya dynasty by kings Prola II and Prataparudra found at Karimnagar and Srisailam provide evidence of the area's rich history.


title: Karimnagar

text: Archaeological excavations in Pedda Bonkur, Dhulikatta and Kotilingalu show that the area was once ruled by the Satvahanas, Mauryas and Asaf Jahis.


title: Karimnagar

text: It became a district in 1905. It was previously part of princely Hyderabad State and then became part of Hyderabad state in 1948 after the Hyderabad state was annexed into the Indian Union. It then became part of Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after merging the Telugu speaking region of Hyderabad state with Andhra state. After almost 6 decades of Telangana statehood movement, on 2 June 2014 it became part of newly formed state of Telangana by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar has a population of 297,447 within its corporation limits, according to 2011 census, making it the fourth largest city in Telangana state. Karimnagar Urban Agglomeration comprising Municipal Corporation and Urban Development authority of 489,985.City out growths include Bommakal (with a population of 9,031), Arepalle (6,987), Alugunur (6,164), Chinthakunta (3,437) and Sitharampur (3,017). Besides these outgrowths, there are many sub-urban areas on the outskirts, which are merged into corporation limits. It is the most densely populated city in Telangana, with a density of 11,114 persons per km.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar city has a literacy rate of 85.82%, which is highest urban literacy rate in Telangana state. Karimnagar urban agglomeration has a literacy rate of 84.93% which is almost equal to the National Urban average of 85%. The literacy rate for males and females for Karimnagar urban region stood at 91.06% and 78.69% respectively.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar experiences dry inland climatic conditions with hot summers and cool winters. The city of Karimnagar gets most of its rainfall from the Southwest monsoon. The summer season is extremely hot, but temperatures decline with the onset of the monsoons, and the winter season is generally cool. The most popular tourist season is from November to February.


title: Karimnagar

text: The summer season starts in March and can continue through early June. During this period temperatures range from a minimum of 27 °C to a maximum of 39 °C. The highest recorded temperature in the area is around 48 °C. Nights are much cooler, and the humidity is around 50%. October and November experiences increased rainfall from the Northeast monsoon. During this time, daytime temperatures average around 30 °C. The winter season starts in December and lasts through February. During this time, temperatures range from a minimum of 20 °C to a maximum of 35 °C.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar Municipal Corporation is the civic body that administers the city. It was constituted as a third grade municipality in the year 1952, as a second grade in 1959, first grade in 1984, special grade in 1996, selection grade in 1999 and finally upgraded to corporation in 2005.


title: Karimnagar

text: Despite of city growing in leaps and bounds, the area of the civic body remaining unaltered. Ever since the municipality was upgraded into corporation in 2005, the merger of adjoining villages on the outskirts with the Corporation was being met with wide opposition from local village authorities.


title: Karimnagar

text: United Karimnagar district has produced many sports persons from the rural level in sports like Karate, Cricket, Kabaddi, Kho-kho and many other sports. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar sports complex is the primary sports complex in the city of Karimnagar. The sports complex has a main stadium used for sports like Athletics, Cricket, Football, an indoor stadium, a hockey field, swimming pool, khokho grounds, basketball courts. Another indoor stadium was built inside SRR college.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar has evolved into a major health centre for its surrounding districts because it is centrally located to all the nearby Districts and Talukas like Jagtial, Siricilla, Ramagundam, Peddapalli, Mancherial, Siddipet, Komaram Bheem, Manthani, Huzurabad, Jammikunta, Husnabad, Sultanabad, Vemulawada, Korutla, Metpalli, Choppadhandi, Manakondur, Bejjanki, Thimmapur, Dharmapuri, Kodimyal, Malyal, Gangadhara and Kalva Srirampur. Patients come from all over the surrounding districts. Karimnagar has two medical institutions Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences and Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences. There is also a Cancer hospital in the city. The Newly opened Mother and Child care hospital is next to the Government hospital. Government Civil Hospital is the dominant medical institution.


title: Karimnagar

text: Lower Manair Dam is one of the biggest dams in the state of Telangana. LMD is the major tourism spot for the people of Karimnagar city. It has boating facilities. Ujwala park and Deer park near LMD are another major part of city's tourism. A cable bridge has been under construction on Maner River at housing board colony and Sadashivpalli once completed it will attract tourists. Manair river front has been proposed by the Chief minister of Telangana after his ministers visited Sabarmati river front in Ahmedabad on Sabarmati river.


title: Karimnagar

text: Telugu is the major language spoken in Karimnagar; Urdu is also widely spoken. The typical attire includes the traditional Chira and Pancha, and also modern dress styles. Karimnagar Silver Filigree is one of the local silverware handicrafts.


title: Karimnagar

text: The spring festival of Bathukamma is typical in this region. Other major Hindu festivals celebrated in the region include Ugadi, Sri Ramanavami, Vinayaka Chavithi, Holi, Sri Krishna Janmashtami, Dasara, Deepavali, Sankranti, and Maha Sivaratri. Muslims in this area also celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Ramadan (ninth month of the Islamic calendar), Laylat al-Qadr (Shab-e-Qadr), Isra and Mi'raj (Shab-e-Meraj), Shab-e-barat (Mid-Sha'ban), Milad-un-Nabi (Mawlid) and Muharram (Day of Ashura). These are usually greeted with great pomp and ceremony. Christians in this area celebrate Christmas and Good Friday.


title: Karimnagar

text: Narasimha Temple at Dharmapuri, Jagtial district, Anjaneya Temple at Kondagattu, Jagtial District, and Veerabhadra Temple at Kothakonda Jatara are some of the prominent and famous religious destinations.


title: Karimnagar

text: "Sakinalu" a local snack made from rice, gingelly seeds and ajwain during Sankranti festival And Biryani is a common cuisine of the state. Sarvapindi is another traditional snack native to the Telangana state. Kudumulu made with beans and rice flour is another special in Karimnagar.


title: Karimnagar

text: Economy of Karimnagar comes from all three sectors Agriculture, industries, services sectors. There are many granite quarries on the city outskirts near Baopet, and many Agro based industries, Paddy and cotton are the major crop produced in Karimnagar. The Lower Manair Dam in Karimnagar has a capacity of 24.5 tmc which can irrigate 4,00,000 acres of land. Under former Information Technology minister of Telangana, KTR has laid the foundation stone for an IT hub for the aim of expanding IT to cities like Karimnagar, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam and Mahabubnagar. Karimnagar is home for many small scale industries.


title: Karimnagar

text: The city is connected to major cities and towns by means of road. State highways that pass through the city are State highway 1 which is also known as State Highway 1, Telangana Rajeev Rahadari connects with the Hyderabad–Karimnagar–Mancherial Highway coal-belt corridor, State highway 7 and 10, State highway 11 and National highway 563 which connects Jagtial–Karimnagar–Warangal–Khammam.


title: Karimnagar

text: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad is the nearest airport at a distance of 210 km by road. There are three Helipads in the city inside the district collectorate. The other two nearest airports to Karimnagar are Ramagundam Airport and Warangal Airport which are closed.


title: Karimnagar

text: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Bus Station, in the center of the city is the third biggest bus station in the State of Telangana after Hyderabad and Khammam bus stations.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar railway station provides rail connectivity to the city, located on the Peddapalli–Nizamabad section of New Delhi–Chennai main line. It is under the jurisdiction of Secunderabad railway division of the South Central Railway zone. Karimnagar is connected to cities like Mumbai with a weekly Super fast express, Hyderabad with Kachiguda passenger daily, Tirupati with a biweekly super fast express and Nizamabad with a DEMU train.


title: Karimnagar

text: The Telugu News publishers in the city are Eenadu, Andhra Jyothy. Apart from the local language, there are also English papers such as The Hans India.


title: Karimnagar

text: Karimnagar is a major education centre in North-western Telangana. There are many schools and intermediate colleges in the city. Karimnagar has Technology institutes, medical colleges, law colleges.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: Ian Robert Callaghan MBE (born 10 April 1942) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He holds the record for most appearances for Liverpool. He was made an MBE in the 1975 New Year Honours.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: Callaghan played 857 times for Liverpool between 1960 and 1978, breaking into the first team just after the appointment of Bill Shankly as Liverpool manager. He made his debut on 16 April 1960 at Anfield in a 4–0 victory over Bristol Rovers. He was a regular member of the first team by the time Liverpool won promotion to the First Division in 1962, and went on to help them win the league title in 1964, 1966, 1973, 1976 and 1977, as well as the 1965 and 1974 FA Cup Finals, the UEFA Cup in 1973 UEFA Cup Final and 1976 UEFA Cup Final, and the European Cup in 1977 and (as a substitute) in 1978. He was voted FWA Footballer of the Year in 1974. He was booked only once in his career, in the 1978 League Cup Final replay at Old Trafford, which Liverpool lost to Nottingham Forest.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: Callaghan played in the 1977 European Cup Final, when Liverpool beat Borussia Mönchengladbach 3–1, but in the 1978 season, which proved his last year at the club, his playing time was reduced as younger additions like Graeme Souness and Kenny Dalglish established themselves at the club. Callaghan was on the substitutes' bench when Liverpool retained the European Cup against FC Brugge in 1978.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: He left Liverpool shortly after the 1978 European Cup final and signed for Swansea City, managed by former Liverpool striker John Toshack. He helped Swansea win a second successive promotion in 1979, which took them into the Second Division, and also had brief spells playing in the US, Australia and Ireland towards the end of his career. He spent the final season of his career in the English Fourth Division with Crewe Alexandra, making 15 appearances in the 1981–82 season and retiring as a player in his 40th year.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: Callaghan played four times at senior level for England. Although he was in the squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup, he did not play in the final and so did not receive a medal. He did play in the group-stage match versus France on 20 July 1966, one of three wingers tried before manager Alf Ramsey decided to go with a team with no wingers. Following a Football Association-led campaign to persuade FIFA to award medals to all the winners' squad members, Callaghan was presented with his medal by Prime Minister Gordon Brown at a ceremony at 10 Downing Street on 10 June 2009.


title: Ian Callaghan

text: After that 1966 match against France, Callaghan's next England appearance, his third, came against Switzerland on 7 September 1977, aged 35. This gap of 11 years 49 days between appearances is the longest such interval for any England player.


title: Nose

text: A nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face and serves as an alternative respiratory passage especially during suckling for infants.


title: Nose

text: The protruding nose that completely separate from the mouth part is a characteristic found only in therian mammals. It has been theorized that this unique mammalian nose evolved from the anterior part of the upper jaw of the reptilian-like ancestors (synapsids).


title: Nose

text: Acting as the first interface between the external environment and an animal's delicate internal lungs, a nose conditions incoming air, both as a function of thermal regulation and filtration during respiration, as well as enabling the sensory perception of smell.


title: Nose

text: Hair inside nostrils filter incoming air, as a first line of defense against dust particles, smoke, and other potential obstructions that would otherwise inhibit respiration, and as a kind of filter against airborne illness. In addition to acting as a filter, mucus produced within the nose supplements the body's effort to maintain temperature, as well as contributes moisture to integral components of the respiratory system. Capillary structures of the nose warm and humidify air entering the body; later, this role in retaining moisture enables conditions for alveoli to properly exchange O for CO (i.e., respiration) within the lungs. During exhalation, the capillaries then aid recovery of some moisture, mostly as a function of thermal regulation, again.


title: Nose

text: The wet nose of dogs is useful for the perception of direction. The sensitive cold receptors in the skin detect the place where the nose is cooled the most and this is the direction a particular smell that the animal just picked up comes from.


title: Nose

text: In amphibians and lungfish, the nostrils open into small sacs that, in turn, open into the forward roof of the mouth through the choanae. These sacs contain a small amount of olfactory epithelium, which, in the case of caecilians, also lines a number of neighbouring tentacles. Despite the general similarity in structure to those of amphibians, the nostrils of lungfish are not used in respiration, since these animals breathe through their mouths. Amphibians also have a vomeronasal organ, lined by olfactory epithelium, but, unlike those of amniotes, this is generally a simple sac that, except in salamanders, has little connection with the rest of the nasal system.


title: Nose

text: In reptiles, the nasal chamber is generally larger, with the choanae located much further back in the roof of the mouth. In crocodilians, the chamber is exceptionally long, helping the animal to breathe while partially submerged. The reptilian nasal chamber is divided into three parts: an anterior "vestibule", the main olfactory chamber, and a posterior nasopharynx. The olfactory chamber is lined by olfactory epithelium on its upper surface and possesses a number of turbinates to increase the sensory area. The vomeronasal organ is well-developed in lizards and snakes, in which it no longer connects with the nasal cavity, opening directly into the roof of the mouth. It is smaller in turtles, in which it retains its original nasal connection, and is absent in adult crocodilians.


title: Nose

text: Birds have a similar nose to reptiles, with the nostrils located at the upper rear part of the beak. Since they generally have a poor sense of smell, the olfactory chamber is small, although it does contain three turbinates, which sometimes have a complex structure similar to that of mammals. In many birds, including doves and fowls, the nostrils are covered by a horny protective shield. The vomeronasal organ of birds is either under-developed or altogether absent, depending on the species.


title: Nose

text: The nasal cavities in mammals are both fused into one. Among most species they are exceptionally large, typically occupying up to half the length of the skull. In some groups, however, including primates, bats, and cetaceans, the nose has been secondarily reduced, and these animals consequently have a relatively poor sense of smell. The nasal cavity of mammals has been enlarged, in part, by the development of a palate cutting off the entire upper surface of the original oral cavity, which consequently becomes part of the nose, leaving the palate as the new roof of the mouth. The enlarged nasal cavity contains complex turbinates forming coiled scroll-like shapes that help to warm the air before it reaches the lungs. The cavity also extends into neighbouring skull bones, forming additional air cavities known as paranasal sinuses.


title: Nose

text: In cetaceans, the nose has been reduced to one or two blowholes, which are the nostrils that have migrated to the top of the head. This adaptation gave cetaceans a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the elephant's nose has elaborated into a long, muscular, manipulative organ called the trunk.


title: Nose

text: The vomeronasal organ of mammals is generally similar to that of reptiles. In most species, it is located in the floor of the nasal cavity, and opens into the mouth via two "nasopalatine ducts" running through the palate, but it opens directly into the nose in many rodents. It is, however, lost in bats, and in many primates, including humans.


title: Nose

text: Fish have a relatively good sense of smell. Unlike that of tetrapods, the nose has no connection with the mouth, nor any role in respiration. Instead, it generally consists of a pair of small pouches located behind the nostrils at the front or sides of the head. In many cases, each of the nostrils is divided into two by a fold of skin, allowing water to flow into the nose through one side and out through the other.


title: Nose

text: The pouches are lined by olfactory epithelium, and commonly include a series of internal folds to increase the surface area, often forming an elaborate "olfactory rosette". In some teleosts, the pouches branch off into additional sinus-like cavities, while in coelacanths, they form a series of tubes.


title: Nose

text: In the earliest vertebrates, there was only one nostril and olfactory pouch, and the nasal passage was connected to the hypophysis. The same anatomy is observed in the most primitive living vertebrates, the lampreys and hagfish. In gnathostome ancestors, the olfactory apparatus gradually became paired (presumably to allow sense of direction of smells), and freeing the midline from the nasal passage allowed evolution of jaws.


title: Renfe

text: It was created in 2005 upon the split of the former Renfe national company into the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (which inherited the infrastructure) and Renfe-Operadora (which inherited the railway service).


title: Renfe

text: The name "Renfe" (acronym of "Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles") is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with the nationalisation of Spain's railways. As per EU Directive 91/440, Renfe was divided into Renfe-Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing RENFE double-arrowed logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971 and given a facelift in 1983, with a sans-serif font, and again in 2000, with a mixed-case italic font, has been replaced by a dark purple lower-case wordmark designed by Interbrand, and also replaces some of the separate logos used by the other sectors, although the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.


title: Renfe

text: The "Railway Sector Act, 2003" separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), the legal successor of RENFE, while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (commercial name "Renfe Operadora" or simply "Renfe") owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of passenger and freight services (though no longer with a legal monopoly).


title: Renfe

text: Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services. Ouigo España launched competing trains on the Madrid–Barcelona route in 2021, followed by Iryo in 2022.


title: Renfe

text: Renfe Operadora inherited the management model of the business units of the old Renfe, which made Renfe Operadora responsible for the operation of the following passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe Operadora restructured the main business units into four:


title: Renfe

text: The Spanish state railways are currently engaged in a transformation and modernisation project. Key to this effort is a major overhaul of their out-dated ICT (information and communication technology) systems through an ICT renewal project scheduled for completion at the end of 2010 under the responsibility of Corporate Director of Information Systems Óscar Gómez Barbero. So far, the company has introduced improvements to their internet ticket sales and adopted new ICT management practices within a "more industrial" organisational model, though Mr. Gomez has publicly acknowledged the difficulties in transforming what still remains a very hierarchical organisation.


title: Renfe

text: In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the organisation into four separate companies, responsible for:


title: Renfe

text: The company operates some of railways, of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to the broad "Iberian gauge" of , the same as that used in Portugal but wider than the international gauge of which is standard in neighbouring France, most of western and central Europe, and most of the rest of the world. The newer high-speed (AVE) network has been built to the international standard gauge of for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.


title: Renfe

text: The Spanish high-speed system is called AVE ("Alta Velocidad Española", meaning "Spanish High Speed"). The logo incorporates a feature which resembles a bird ("ave" in Spanish). The high-speed lines are built to the standard European gauge ().


title: Renfe

text: Construction of the high-speed rail line between Madrid and Seville began in 1988 and operation commenced in 1991. Train speed on the Seville line is . The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to Barcelona) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing at 06:00 on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is . The greater part of the line (Madrid to Lleida) was placed into service on 11 October 2003, with connection to Huesca from Zaragoza. The third high-speed line (Madrid to Toledo) was opened in November 2005, followed by the spur from Córdoba to Málaga as far as Antequera in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to Valladolid was opened in 2007, the line from Madrid to Valencia was opened in 2010 and the first stage of the high-speed line in Galicia opened in 2011. A line to Lisbon is being designed.


title: Renfe

text: In addition to intercity transport, Renfe operates commuter train systems, known as "Cercanías" (or "Rodalies" in Catalonia and "Cercanías-Aldirikoak" in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as FGC in Barcelona.


title: Renfe

text: Renfe Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Remote Desktop Services (RDS), known as Terminal Services in Windows Server 2008 and earlier, is one of the components of Microsoft Windows that allow a user to initiate and control an interactive session on a remote computer or virtual machine over a network connection. RDS was first released in 1998 as "Terminal Server" in Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition, a stand-alone edition of Windows NT 4.0 Server that allowed users to log in remotely. Starting with Windows 2000, it was integrated under the name of "Terminal Services" as an optional component in the server editions of the Windows NT family of operating systems, receiving updates and improvements with each version of Windows. Terminal Services were then renamed to "Remote Desktop Services" with Windows Server 2008 R2 in 2009.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: RDS is Microsoft's implementation of thin client architecture, where Windows software, and the entire desktop of the computer running RDS, are made accessible to any remote client machine that supports Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). User interfaces are displayed from the server onto the client system and input from the client system is transmitted to the server - where software execution takes place. This is in contrast to application streaming systems, like Microsoft App-V, in which computer programs are streamed to the client on-demand and executed on the client machine.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: The first two are individual utilities that allow a user to operate an interactive session on a remote computer over the network. In case of Remote Assistance, the remote user needs to receive an invitation and the control is cooperative. In case of RDC, however, the remote user opens a new session on the remote computer and has every power granted by its user account's rights and restrictions. Fast User Switching allows users to switch between user accounts on the local computer without quitting software and logging out. Fast User Switching is part of Winlogon and uses RDS to accomplish its switching feature. Third-party developers have also created client software for RDS. For example, rdesktop supports Unix platforms.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Although RDS is shipped with most editions of all versions of Windows NT since Windows 2000, its functionality differs in each version. Windows XP Home Edition does not accept any RDC connections at all, reserving RDS for Fast User Switching and Remote Assistance only. Other client versions of Windows only allow a maximum of one remote user to connect to the system at the cost of the user who has logged onto the console being disconnected. Windows Server allows two users to connect at the same time. This licensing scheme, called "Remote Desktop for Administration", facilitates administration of unattended or headless computers. Only by acquiring additional licenses (in addition to that of Windows) can a computer running Windows Server service multiple remote users at one time and achieve virtual desktop infrastructure.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: For an organization, RDS allows the IT department to install applications on a central server instead of multiple computers. Remote users can log on and use those applications over the network. Such centralization can make maintenance and troubleshooting easier. RDS and Windows authentication systems prevent unauthorized users from accessing apps or data.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Microsoft has a long-standing agreement with Citrix to facilitate sharing of technologies and patent licensing between Microsoft Terminal Services and Citrix XenApp (formerly Citrix MetaFrame and Citrix Presentation Server). In this arrangement, Citrix has access to key source code for the Windows platform, enabling its developers to improve the security and performance of the Terminal Services platform. In late December 2004 the two companies announced a five-year renewal of this arrangement to cover Windows Vista.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: The key server component of RDS is "Terminal Server" (codice_1), which listens on TCP port 3389. When a Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) client connects to this port, it is tagged with a unique "SessionID" and associated with a freshly spawned console session (Session 0, keyboard, mouse and character mode UI only). The login subsystem (winlogon.exe) and the GDI graphics subsystem is then initiated, which handles the job of authenticating the user and presenting the GUI. These executables are loaded in a new session, rather than the console session. When creating the new session, the graphics and keyboard/mouse device drivers are replaced with RDP-specific drivers: codice_2 and codice_3. The codice_2 is the device driver and it captures the UI rendering calls into a format that is transmittable over RDP. codice_3 acts as keyboard and mouse driver; it receives keyboard and mouse input over the TCP connection and presents them as keyboard or mouse inputs. It also allows creation of "virtual channels", which allow other devices, such as disc, audio, printers, and COM ports to be redirected, i.e., the channels act as replacement for these devices. The channels connect to the client over the TCP connection; as the channels are accessed for data, the client is informed of the request, which is then transferred over the TCP connection to the application. This entire procedure is done by the terminal server and the client, with the RDP mediating the correct transfer, and is entirely transparent to the applications. RDP communications are encrypted using 128-bit RC4 encryption. Windows Server 2003 onwards, it can use a FIPS 140 compliant encryption schemes.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Once a client initiates a connection and is informed of a successful invocation of the terminal services stack at the server, it loads up the device as well as the keyboard/mouse drivers. The UI data received over RDP is decoded and rendered as UI, whereas the keyboard and mouse inputs to the Window hosting the UI is intercepted by the drivers, and transmitted over RDP to the server. It also creates the other virtual channels and sets up the redirection. RDP communication can be encrypted; using either low, medium or high encryption. With low encryption, user input (outgoing data) is encrypted using a weak (40-bit RC4) cipher. With medium encryption, UI packets (incoming data) are encrypted using this weak cipher as well. The setting "High encryption (Non-export)" uses 128-bit RC4 encryption and "High encryption (Export)" uses 40-bit RC4 encryption.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Terminal Server is the server component of Terminal services. It handles the job of authenticating clients, as well as making the applications available remotely. It is also entrusted with the job of restricting the clients according to the level of access they have. The Terminal Server respects the configured software restriction policies, so as to restrict the availability of certain software to only a certain group of users. The remote session information is stored in specialized directories, called "Session Directory" which is stored at the server. Session directories are used to store state information about a session, and can be used to resume interrupted sessions. The terminal server also has to manage these directories. Terminal Servers can be used in a cluster as well.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: In Windows Server 2008, it has been significantly overhauled. While logging in, if the user logged on to the local system using a Windows Server Domain account, the credentials from the same sign-on can be used to authenticate the remote session. However, this requires Windows Server 2008 to be the terminal server OS, while the client OS is limited to Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista and Windows 7. In addition, the terminal server may be configured to allow connection to individual programs, rather than the entire desktop, by means of a feature named RemoteApp. Terminal Services Web Access (TS Web Access) makes a RemoteApp session invocable from the web browser. It includes the TS Web Access Web Part control which maintains the list of RemoteApps deployed on the server and keeps the list up to date. Terminal Server can also integrate with Windows System Resource Manager to throttle resource usage of remote applications.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Terminal Server is managed by the "Terminal Server Manager" Microsoft Management Console snap-in. It can be used to configure the sign in requirements, as well as to enforce a single instance of remote session. It can also be configured by using Group Policy or Windows Management Instrumentation. It is, however, not available in client versions of Windows OS, where the server is pre-configured to allow only one session and enforce the rights of the user account on the remote session, without any customization.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: The Remote Desktop Gateway service component, also known as RD Gateway, can tunnel the RDP session using a HTTPS channel. This increases the security of RDS by encapsulating the session with Transport Layer Security (TLS). This also allows the option to use Internet Explorer as the RDP client. The official MS RDP client for macOS supports RD Gateway as of version 8. This is also available for iOS and Android.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: In October 2021, Thincast, the main contributor of the FreeRDP project, published the first Remote Desktop Gateway solution running natively on Linux.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: In late 2018 Microsoft released the Remote Desktop HTML5 Web Client. The client allows users to connect to their remote apps or to their remote desktops without using an installed remote desktop client. The web client uses the TLS secured port 443 and does not use the RD Gateway to transport traffic, instead relying solely on the remote desktop session host aspect of remote desktop services.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: RemoteApp (or TS RemoteApp) is a special mode of RDS, available in Windows Server 2008 R2 and later, where remote session configuration is integrated into the client operating system. The RDP 6.1 client ships with Windows XP SP3, KB952155 for Windows XP SP2 users, Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008. The UI for the RemoteApp is rendered in a window over the local desktop, and is managed like any other window for local applications. The end result of this is that remote applications behave largely like local applications. The task of establishing the remote session, as well as redirecting local resources to the remote application, is transparent to the end user. Multiple applications can be started in a single RemoteApp session, each with their own windows.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: A RemoteApp can be packaged either as a codice_6 file or distributed via an codice_7 Windows Installer package. When packaged as an codice_6 file (which contains the address of the RemoteApp server, authentication schemes to be used, and other settings), a RemoteApp can be launched by double clicking the file. It will invoke the Remote Desktop Connection client, which will connect to the server and render the UI. The RemoteApp can also be packaged in a Windows Installer database, installing which can register the RemoteApp in the Start menu as well as create shortcuts to launch it. A RemoteApp can also be registered as handler for file types or URIs. Opening a file registered with RemoteApp will first invoke Remote Desktop Connection, which will connect to the terminal server and then open the file. Any application which can be accessed over Remote Desktop can be served as a RemoteApp.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Windows 7 includes built-in support for RemoteApp publishing, but it has to be enabled manually in registry, since there is no RemoteApp management console in client versions of Microsoft Windows.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: In Windows Vista onwards, Terminal Services also includes a multi-party desktop sharing capability known as Windows Desktop Sharing. Unlike Terminal Services, which creates a new user session for every RDP connection, Windows Desktop Sharing can host the remote session in the context of the currently logged in user without creating a new session, and make the Desktop, or a subset of it, available over RDP. Windows Desktop Sharing can be used to share the entire desktop, a specific region, or a particular application. Windows Desktop Sharing can also be used to share multi-monitor desktops. When sharing applications individually (rather than the entire desktop), the windows are managed (whether they are minimized or maximized) independently at the server and the client side.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: The functionality is only provided via a public API, which can be used by any application to provide screen sharing functionality. Windows Desktop Sharing API exposes two objects: codice_9 for the sharing session and codice_10 for the viewer. Multiple viewer objects can be instantiated for one Session object. A viewer can either be a passive viewer, who is just able to watch the application like a screencast, or an interactive viewer, who is able to interact in real time with the remote application. The codice_9 object contains all the shared applications, represented as codice_12 objects, each with codice_13 objects representing their on-screen windows. Per-application filters capture the application Windows and package them as codice_13 objects. A viewer must authenticate itself before it can connect to a sharing session. This is done by generating an codice_15 using the codice_9. It contains an authentication ticket and password. The object is serialized and sent to the viewers, who need to present the codice_15 when connecting.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Windows Desktop Sharing API is used by Windows Meeting Space and Windows Remote Assistance for providing application sharing functionality among network peers.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: Remote Desktop Connection (RDC, also called Remote Desktop or just RD, formerly Microsoft Terminal Services Client, mstsc or tsclient) is the client application for RDS. It allows a user to remotely log into a networked computer running the terminal services server. RDC presents the desktop interface (or application GUI) of the remote system, as if it were accessed locally. In addition to regular username/password for authorizing for the remote session, RDC also supports using smart cards for authorization. With RDC 6.0, the resolution of a remote session can be set independently of the settings at the remote computer.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: With version 6.0, if the "Desktop Experience" component is plugged into the remote server, remote application user interface elements (e.g., application windows borders, Maximize, Minimize, and Close buttons etc.) will take on the same appearance of local applications. In this scenario, the remote applications will use the Aero theme if the user connects to the server from a Windows Vista machine running Aero. Later versions of the protocol also support rendering the UI in full 32-bit color, as well as resource redirection for printers, COM ports, disk drives, mice and keyboards. With resource redirection, remote applications can use the resources of the local computer. Audio is also redirected, so that any sounds generated by a remote application are played back at the client system. Moreover, a remote session can also span multiple monitors at the client system, independent of the multi-monitor settings at the server. RDC can also be used to connect to Windows Media Center (WMC) remote sessions; however, since WMC does not stream video using RDP, only the applications can be viewed this way, not any media.


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: RDC prioritizes UI data as well as keyboard and mouse inputs, as opposed to print jobs or file transfers. so as to make the applications more responsive. It redirects plug and play devices such as cameras, portable music players, and scanners, so that input from these devices can be used by the remote applications as well. RDC can also be used to connect to computers which are exposed via Windows Home Server RDP Gateway over the Internet. Finally, few shortcuts that will be handy


title: Remote Desktop Services

text: There have been numerous non-Microsoft implementations of clients that implement subsets of the Microsoft functionality for a range of platforms. The most common are:


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 ("Hrvatski Samokres", ) is a series of semi-automatic pistols. Polymer-framed and striker-fired, the series is manufactured by HS Produkt (formerly I.M. Metal) in Karlovac, Croatia. In Europe, the pistols are marketed as the HS and XDM series, while in the United States, the pistols are sold as the Springfield Armory XD and XD-M series, respectively. Other derivative variants sold by Springfield Armory, Inc., are unique to the American market.


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 traces its roots back to a service pistol known as the PHP ("Prvi Hrvatski Pistolj", English: first Croatian pistol), which was first produced in Croatia by privately-owned industrial parts firm I. M. Metal in 1991. Designed by a team led by Marko Vuković, the PHP was considered to be a solid design, but early versions were plagued by quality issues, due in large part to the difficulties of manufacturing during the Yugoslav war. Vuković's team continued to tweak and improve the design over the next decade, releasing the HS95 ("Hrvatski Samokres" or "Croatian Pistol") in 1995, and the HS2000 in 1999. At the beginning of 2001, following the success of the HS2000 pistols on the world market, the company changed its name to HS Produkt.


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 was adopted by the Croatian military and law enforcement as a standard issue sidearm. It was initially exported to the United States market by Intrac and distributed by HSAmerica, who sold the pistol in 9×19mm Parabellum (9mm) as the HS2000. In 2002, Springfield Armory, Inc., negotiated licensing rights to the United States market, using XD (eXtreme Duty) branding. In 2013, HS Produkt began (via a wholesale distributor) to offer updated variants, branded as XDM, in Europe. , HS Produkt lists both HS series and XDM series pistols on its website, corresponding to the XD and XD-M series, respectively, sold in the United States by Springfield Armory. Additional variants with a single-stack magazine (XD-S), an external hammer (XD-E), or generational updates (Mod.2) are unique to the American market.


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 is a short recoil-operated, locked breech, striker fired semi-automatic pistol. Pistols in the series utilize a polymer frame with steel inserts, mounting rail and trigger-mounted safety. A cocked striker indicator protrudes from the rear of the slide when the striker is cocked. A loaded chamber indicator pivots up on top of the slide when a round is in the chamber being both visual and tactile. An ambidextrous magazine release is also standard. Take down of the pistol is through a lever on the left side of the frame that rotates up, allowing the slide to move forward off the frame. This is very similar to the mechanism of take down as seen in pistols manufactured by SIG Sauer. A trigger pull is necessary during field stripping of the HS2000.


title: HS2000

text: The factory-standard trigger has a travel of 13 mm (0.5 in) and is rated at to . Most HS2000s have dual captive recoil springs; however, the XDM and Tactical models have non-captive springs. The recoil spring guide rod also acts as a standoff device, as the end of the rod protrudes from under the barrel and keeps the slide in battery when pressed against an object such as someones's chest in contact-distance self-defense situations. This prevents the slide from being moved back because the device pushes the surface area of objects away from the slide, thus increasing the chance that the gun will function normally.


title: HS2000

text: After heat treatment the metal parts are finished with a proprietary nitriding process called Tenifer Plus+. This finish is characterized by extreme wear and corrosion resistance; it penetrates the metal, and treated parts have similar properties even below the surface to a certain depth. The Tenifer Plus+ process produces a matte gray-colored, non-glare surface with a 64 Rockwell C hardness rating and a 1,200–1,300 N/mm tensile strength. This finish makes the HS2000 particularly suitable for concealed carry, as the highly chloride-resistant finish allows the pistol to better endure the effects of perspiration.


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 has a grip safety that will not allow the pistol to fire without depressing a lever on the rear of the grip. This feature is present on some older pistols such as the M1911. Unlike the 1911, the grip safety on HS2000 series also locks the slide. The means without a proper grip on the gun to depress the grip safety, the slide cannot be cycled to load or clear the gun. In addition to a trigger safety, a drop safety prevents the striker from releasing if the gun is dropped or exposed to a significant impact. As of 2008, and XD Service models chambered in .45 ACP were available with an optional ambidextrous frame-mounted thumb safety.


title: HS2000

text: The HS2000 is fed by staggered-column (otherwise known as "double-stack") detachable box magazines that are made of polished stainless steel with a polymer basepad. The empty weight of a standard-sized HS2000 box magazine is .


title: HS2000

text: XDM pistols are polymer-framed with full steel inserts and a mounting rail, with a match grade barrel and trigger, and an ambidextrous magazine release. These barrels are manufactured to tighter tolerances and custom-fitted for better accuracy and to make the pistol "competition ready".


title: HS2000

text: Featuring an "all terrain" grip pattern, contours in the grip were designed to maximize control. Serrations on the slide were modified for a better grasp. All XDM pistols come with grip and trigger safety mechanisms and a loaded chamber indicator at the top of the gun just behind the barrel. A traditional manual safety is an optional feature. The surface of the metal has undergone a Melonite treatment, a salt bath nitriding process which leaves a hard, corrosion-resistant surface. Disassembling the gun does not require pulling the trigger.


title: HS2000

text: The XDM chambered in .45 ACP is offered in three different models with , , and inch barrels. Each of these models has a 13+1 capacity (13 rounds in the magazine, plus one round in the chamber), while the highest capacity for 9mm models is 19+1. The 3.8-inch model is also available with a compact magazine that holds nine rounds, which reduces grip length by for a more comfortable concealed carry option.


title: Judy Smith

text: Judy A. Smith (born October 27, 1958) is an American crisis manager, lawyer, author, and television producer. She is known as the founder, president, and CEO of the crisis management firm Smith & Company. Her work in crisis management is the inspiration for the ABC television series "Scandal".


title: Judy Smith

text: Smith was born on October 27, 1958, in Washington, D.C. She attended St. Francis de Sales Elementary School and the Academy of Notre Dame. Following high school, she attended Boston University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Public relations. She later enrolled at American University and graduated with a J.D. degree from the American University Washington College of Law. She was the first African-American woman to serve as executive editor of American University "Law review". In May 2013, Smith delivered the Commencement Address to the Boston University College of Communication Class of 2013, alongside the Commencement Student Speaker Cody Brotter. On July 10, 2016, Smith became an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha. She is married to Bill Boulware.


title: Judy Smith

text: Smith began working in public service in 1983, when she was employed as assistant editor for the Nurses Association of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Washington, D.C. After her graduation from American University in 1987, she became Deputy Director of Public Information and Associate Counsel in the Office of the Independent Counsel. In 1989, she was appointed Special Counsel to the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, serving as principal adviser to the U.S. Attorney on media relations and chief spokeswoman.


title: Judy Smith

text: Starting March 7, 1991, Smith served as Special Assistant and Deputy Press Secretary to President George H. W. Bush. While there, she earned a reputation for being straightforward, honest and hard working. She was reportedly instrumental in guiding the Bush administration through the controversies surrounding the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court.


title: Judy Smith

text: After leaving the White House staff, Smith started Smith & Company, a consulting firm specializing in crisis management and media relations. Her firm has advised such notable clients as Monica Lewinsky, actor Wesley Snipes, NFL quarterback Michael Vick and Sony Pictures Entertainment after their 2014 cyber attack.


title: Judy Smith

text: After her work for President Bush, Smith worked for NBC as vice president of communications, where she was responsible for news, sports and entertainment shows. In 2009, Smith was introduced to Shonda Rhimes, creator of the TV series "Grey's Anatomy", and her partner Betsy Beers, a co-executive producer. That meeting was scheduled for less than half an hour but went on for more than three, resulting in development of the political-thriller television series "Scandal", which is inspired by Smith's professional background in public relations and crisis management work in Washington D.C. , Smith serves as co-executive producer and technical advisor for the show.


title: Judy Smith

text: Smith writes blogs for the "Huffington Post" and ABC television. Her blog, titled "Ask Judy", is a feature of the Huffington Post, where she is listed among the Black Voices. In tandem with her role at ABC, she writes a blog titled "What Would Judy Do?" for each episode of the television series "Scandal".


title: Judy Smith

text: Smith's first book, "Good Self, Bad Self," was released on April 3, 2012, to generally good reviews. "Kirkus Reviews" summarized a review by stating, "Smith provides a good overview of how to identify and curtail egregious behavior, with just enough celebrity misbehavior to hold the reader's attention." "Publishers Weekly" was less enthusiastic, concluding that her "approach feels unwieldy and better suited to accompany her services as a crisis manager than as a do-it-yourself program". She has received numerous communications and leadership awards and is active in community service.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Daniil Dmitrievich Dubov (; born 18 April 1996) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He achieved his final norm for the Grandmaster title at the age of 14 years, 11 months, 14 days in 2011. He is a former world rapid champion, winning the World Rapid Chess Championship held in Saint Petersburg from 26 to 28 December 2018. He is ranked 38th in the world


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov won two medals at the European Youth Chess Championships: a bronze in 2006, in the U-10 division, and a silver in 2008, in the U-12.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In 2009 he won the Young Stars of the World - Vanya Somov Memorial in Kirishi. In the same year he played for the Russian team that won the gold medal in the World Youth Under-16 Chess Olympiad. Dubov also won the individual bronze medal on board two.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov played again in the World Youth Under-16 Chess Olympiad and won the team gold and the individual bronze on board one. Dubov won the Moscow Rapid Chess Championship of 2011.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov shared first place with Dmitry Andreikin and Nikita Vitiugov in the Russian Championship Higher League and qualified for the Superfinal of the Russian championship. In the latter he scored 4/9 points.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In January, Dubov took part in the Tata Steel B tournament in Wijk aan Zee, where he scored 7½/13 points (+4-2=7) finishing fifth out of fourteen participants.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: At the Chess World Cup 2013 he reached the third round and was eliminated by Anton Korobov, after knocking out Sergey Fedorchuk and former FIDE World Champion Ruslan Ponomariov.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In December, he played a friendly six-game match with Alexei Shirov called "Battle of Generations", which was won by the latter.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In April 2015, he tied for first with Ian Nepomniachtchi in the Aeroflot Open, placing second on tiebreak.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In the Russian Superfinal, which took place in St. Petersburg in December, Dubov shared 3rd-4th places with Vladimir Fedoseev, taking the bronze medal on tiebreak.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In December, Dubov won the World Rapid Chess Championship ahead of Carlsen, Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and Hikaru Nakamura.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov was selected as the Organizer's Nominee for the FIDE Grand Prix 2019, a stage in qualification for the World Chess Championship 2020. Dubov was enrolled in the Moscow event, the first of four tournaments for the 2019 Grand Prix cycle. The Moscow tournament was a 16-player event, with Dubov being the lowest ranked participant. After an upset victory over the highest ranked player, Anish Giri, Dubov was eliminated from the Moscow Grand Prix tournament in the quarter-finals by American grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: In November, Dubov also competed in the FIDE Grand Prix event in Hamburg. Once again he was the lowest seeded player in the tournament, but after upset wins over Teimour Radjabov and Peter Svidler, he was in the semifinals facing Jan-Krzysztof Duda. The two matches in classical time format were drawn and the match proceeded to tie-breakers. Dubov won the first rapid game (25+10) and needed only a draw to advance to the finals. He then lost what seemed to be a completely drawn endgame in the second match to send the match to a second set of tie breakers (10+10). After drawing with the white pieces, Dubov was finally eliminated by Duda.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov won the Lindores Abbey Rapid Challenge on 3 June, beating Ding Liren in semi-finals and Hikaru Nakamura in the final after the match went to Armageddon time control.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Daniil Dubov defeated Magnus Carlsen in the quarter-finals of Airthings Masters with a score of 2.5-0.5 on 30 December.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov also participated in the 2020 Russian Chess Championship, where he scored 6.5/11 as well as fourth place in the event.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: He again served as a second for Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2021 against Ian Nepomniachtchi. This was criticized by Sergey Karjakin and Sergei Shipov, saying that he should not have helped a non-Russian in a match against a fellow Russian, with Shipov saying Dubov should not play for Russia in the future. Dubov responded that he considered it to be a match between two individuals, and counter-argued that working with Carlsen would improve his chess and hence help the Russian team.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: From 29–30 December, Dubov also participated in the World Blitz Chess Championship, where he scored 4th place with 14.5/21 points.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov competed in the Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2022; however, he was forced to forfeit his final three games due to testing positive for COVID-19.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Through February and March 2022, Dubov played in the FIDE Grand Prix 2022. In the first leg, he tied for second with Vidit Gujrathi in Pool C with a 3/6 result. In the third leg, he finished last in Pool B with a result of 2/6, finishing 21st in the standings with three points.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Together with 43 other Russian elite chess players, Dubov signed an open letter to Russian president Vladimir Putin, protesting against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and expressing solidarity with the Ukrainian people.


title: Daniil Dubov

text: Dubov learned chess at the age of 6. His grandfather was Eduard Dubov (1938–2018), an international arbiter of chess and a mathematician.


title: Ghudchadi

text: Ghudchadi is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Binoy Gandhi. Produced by Nidhi Dutta, Bhushan Kumar and Krishan Kumar under the banner of Keep Dreaming Pictures and T-Series. It stars Sanjay Dutt and Raveena Tandon with Parth Samthaan, Khushalii Kumar and Aruna Irani in pivotal roles.


title: Ghudchadi

text: The film was announced in mid-February 2022, starring Sanjay Dutt and Raveena Tandon. In the same month, Parth Samthaan, Khushali Kumar and Aruna Irani was confirmed to be a part of the cast.


title: Ghudchadi

text: The principal photography of the film began on 23 February 2022. The first schedule took place at Gurugram with an indoor shoot, followed by New Delhi and then moving on to Jaipur, Rajasthan and was completed within 19 days.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The 2000 Armageddon was the second Armageddon professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on December 10, 2000, at the Birmingham–Jefferson Civic Center in Birmingham, Alabama. To date, it is the only WWF/E pay-per-view event to be held in the state of Alabama. It was the final Armageddon event produced under the WWF name, as the promotion was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in May 2002, as the event was temporarily replaced with Vengeance in December 2001 due to the September 11 attacks, with Armageddon reinstated in 2002. It would also be the last Armageddon held before the introduction of the brand extension in March 2002.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: In December 1999, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) established Armageddon as their yearly December PPV, after the promotion had ended their In Your House-branded shows earlier that year in February. The second Armageddon event was held on December 10, 2000, at the Birmingham–Jefferson Civic Center in Birmingham, Alabama.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The central feud heading into Armageddon was between WWF Champion Kurt Angle, The Undertaker, Triple H, Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, and Rikishi inside a Hell in a Cell for the WWF Championship. At No Mercy Kurt Angle won the championship from The Rock in a No Disqualification Match. Kurt would later retain the title against The Undertaker at Survivor Series and again at Rebellion in a Fatal Four Way Match against The Rock, Rikishi, and Stone Cold Steve Austin. Commissioner Mick Foley would later announce on "SmackDown!" that Kurt Angle would defend his title inside a six-man Hell in a Cell match. Mr. McMahon would try desperately to get all six men to back out, but ultimately failed to do so.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: Another feud heading into Armageddon was between Chris Jericho and Kane in a Last Man Standing match. It started at Survivor Series when Kane defeated Chris Jericho by pinfall. They would later fight again at Rebellion only for Kane to defeat him. It was later announced on "Raw Is War" that their feud would come to an end at Armageddon in a Last Man Standing match.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The pay-per-view opened with a six-person intergender tag team elimination match between the Radicalz (Dean Malenko, Perry Saturn, and Eddie Guerrero) (with Terri) and Team Xtreme (Matt Hardy, Jeff Hardy and Lita). The early stages of the match were dominated by Team Xtreme as Jeff Hardy blocked Guerrero's hurricanrana and then performed his High-Angle Senton, the "Swanton Bomb" on Guerrero for the three-count, eliminating Guerrero. Jeff then executed his Flying Top-Rope Kick, which he calls "Poetry in Motion" on Malenko. However, the momentum began to shift towards the Radicalz when Malenko immediately tagged in Saturn, who promptly eliminated Jeff with a Death Valley driver. Matt then came into the match and blindsided Saturn with a bulldog for a near fall. Matt then attempted a Swinging Neckbreaker, which he calls "Twist of Fate" on Saturn but it was countered into a suplex. Matt tried again and this time nailed it to eliminate Saturn by pinfall. Afterwards, Radicalz manager Terri slapped Matt and Lita speared Terri for her efforts. Malenko took advantage and rolled Matt up from behind for the pin. He wouldn't have long to celebrate though, as Lita performed a headscissors kick on Malenko. She then executed her moonsault, which she calls "Litasault", on Malenko only to have him kick out at two. After taking a subsequent DDT, Malenko superplexed Lita and stopped his own pinfall. He pulled her up from a pin again after a backbreaker, and instead forced Lita to tap to his finisher, the "Texas Cloverleaf".


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The next match pitted Hardcore Holly against European Champion William Regal. After cutting Regal's mic work short with his entrance theme, Holly quickly went to work on Regal. After back and forth punches outside the ring, Regal finally got the momentum on his side when he sent Holly into the back of a ring post. When the two came into the ring, Holly replied with a belly-to-back suplex for a near fall. Regal did a superplex on Holly for a two-count as well. Holly took control from that point until late in the bout when Raven interfered and DDTed Holly, thus allowing Regal to take the easy pinfall victory.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The third match saw Chyna take on Val Venis, who was accompanied to the ring by fellow Right To Censor stable member and WWF Women's Champion, Ivory. The early portions of the match were dominated by Chyna until Venis whip tossed her out of the ring and Ivory started attacking her at ringside. The momentum swung back and forth until Ivory became more and more aggressive in interfering on Venis' behalf. She really got into Chyna's head when she tripped her, causing Chyna to chase her until Venis intercepted Chyna and delivered a Fisherman's suplex for the pinfall. Chyna was about to beat up Ivory after the match but Venis once again saved her from Chyna's wrath, powerbombing her.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: This was followed by a Last Man Standing match between Kane and Chris Jericho. The match started as Kane attacked Jericho on the aisle and quickly returned him to the backstage area. Mideon was attacked by both men as he was in the way. Kane and Jericho finally made their way to the ring shortly afterwards. The match was a roller-coaster affair, as neither competitor could gain a huge momentum advantage over the other. After connecting with his signature flying clothesline on Jericho, Kane delivered his chokeslam on Jericho. Jericho recovered and low blowed Kane, who was about to hit him with a chair. Jericho had the momentum on his side once more and took advantage with his Top-Rope Moonsault, which Jericho calls "Lionsault", on Kane, who was lying face-down on the chair. Kane took temporary control with a big boot until he dragged Jericho into the tech area. Jericho then knocked a ton of stacked barrels on Kane to keep him down for the 10-second count and the victory.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: Next, WWF Tag Team Champions Bull Buchanan and The Godfather of the Right To Censor were challenged by Edge and Christian, the Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) and Road Dogg and K-Kwik. The Right To Censor started off the match attacking the Dudleys. D-Von responded with a back elbow on Buchanan. After a period of double teaming, Steven Richards, the leader of The Right To Censor, attempted to interfere on his team's behalf and DDTed D-Von just when it looked like the Dudleys had the match won. It didn't go as planned for Richards though, as Edge speared Bubba Ray and Christian nailed the tomakazie on Bubba for the pin and win the tag titles.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The Intercontinental Championship was on the line as Billy Gunn defended his title against Chris Benoit. Benoit got the initial momentum with a series of stomps on Gunn until he was thrown out of the ring. Benoit locked in the figure four leg lock when the action returned to the ring, but Gunn managed to struggle his way to the ropes. Forcing Benoit to release the hold. Gunn started to gain some momentum with a jackhammer followed by his "Fame-Asser" which only netted him a near fall. Benoit then caught Gunn in his "Crippler Crossface", but Gunn got his foot on the rope, again forcing Benoit to release the hold. Gunn was showing signs of injury when his knee buckled during a tilt-a-whirl on Benoit. Benoit took advantage by once again applying the "Crippler Crossface" on Gunn, forcing a submission and therefore becoming the new Intercontinental Champion.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: Next, a Triple Threat match for Ivory's WWF Women's Championship took place. The other competitors were Trish Stratus and Molly Holly. Molly started it off with an attack on Stratus before being monkey flipped. Molly was then double suplexed by Stratus and Ivory. Molly hit a crossbody for a near fall on Stratus after wasting some time to drag Ivory out of position to break up the pin count. T & A (Test and Albert) interfered in the match as Ivory picked up the win. After the match Molly's cousin, Crash came out and challenged T & A with the Acolytes (Bradshaw and Faarooq). The Acolytes, Crash, and Molly Holly successfully beat up T & A.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The main event match was a six-man Hell in a Cell match for Kurt Angle's WWF Championship. The challengers were The Undertaker, The Rock, Triple H, Rikishi, and Stone Cold Steve Austin. The early portion of the match saw several pinfall attempts by all participants; during this time, Vince McMahon, Pat Patterson, and Gerald Brisco were working together to stop the match by attempting to demolish the cell with a truck. They had just torn down the cell door when WWF Commissioner Mick Foley ordered the trio to allow the match to run its course. The trio ignored Foley, and the Commissioner sent the police to escort McMahon out of the arena as he fought Patterson and Brisco. As a result of the missing door, everyone involved in the match exited the cell and started climbing to the top of the structure. As Rikishi was fighting off both Angle and The Undertaker, The Undertaker chokeslammed Rikishi off the cell and into the pine chip filled bed of the truck used by McMahon. Austin and Rock had a stare down inside the cell and traded blows. Rock delivered the spinebuster on Austin, but was clotheslined by Triple H before he could execute his signature "People's Elbow" on Austin. The Rock punched Triple H out of the ring and nailed the "Rock Bottom" on Angle. Stone Cold recovered to stop the count and hit a stunner on The Rock, but Triple H broke up the pin and received a neckbreaker from Austin. Angle snuck on top of The Rock and pinned him to retain his WWF Championship, only to receive a Stunner from Austin.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: After Kurt Angle retained the WWF Championship against Stone Cold Steve Austin on the January 8, 2001 episode of "Raw is War", Vince McMahon announced that Angle would defend his title against his son-in-law Triple H at the Royal Rumble. Triple H claimed that Angle could only have become the champion because Triple H allowed him to, with which Angle disagreed. At the Royal Rumble, Angle defeated Triple H in a singles match for the WWF Championship following interference from Austin.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: WWF Commissioner Mick Foley considered resigning due to a promise that he made on Smackdown leading into the PPV, where if anyone suffered a serious injury in the 6-man Hell in a Cell match, he would resign as Commissioner. Instead, Foley chose to keep his job due to support from Steve Austin and the WWF fans. However, on the December 18 episode of "Raw Is War", when the board of directors deemed Linda McMahon incompetent to continue being CEO due to a nervous breakdown from Vince publicly requesting a divorce (kayfabe), granted Vince McMahon 100% control of the WWF, allowing him to fire Foley as Commissioner.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: The Undertaker also began to feud with Triple H, albeit immediately after HHH's feud with Angle began to wane. On an episode of "SmackDown!", The Undertaker had a restraining order placed against him after attacking Triple H's on-screen wife, Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley, but The Undertaker would exploit a loophole in his restraining order by assigning his kayfabe half-brother, Kane, to stalk Stephanie. When new WWF Commissioner William Regal refused to grant him a match against Triple H at WrestleMania X-Seven, an event Undertaker had never lost at, he threatened to have Kane throw Stephanie over the balcony above them. Commissioner Regal finally gave Taker his match. Undertaker would go on to up his WrestleMania record to 9–0 with his victory over Triple H.


title: Armageddon (2000)

text: Stone Cold Steve Austin would go on to enter the Royal Rumble Match at the Royal Rumble despite being attacked and busted open by Triple H before Austin officially participated in it by entering the ring for costing him a chance to become the WWF Champion earlier that night in revenge for Triple H robbing Austin of a reign with the same title on a past episode of "Raw Is War". On the way he fought long-time rival The Rock, who claimed to have won the Royal Rumble for the second time in a row. At the pay-per-view Steve Austin won the match after eliminating Kane. He would go to WrestleMania to defeat The Rock in a No Disqualification Match to win the WWF Championship with some highly unlikely help from former arch-rival Mr. McMahon, thus beginning his heel turn.