title: Citizen science

text: Citizen sensing can be a form of citizen science: (quote) "The work of citizen sensing, as a form of citizen science, then further transforms Stengers's notion of the work of science by moving the experimental facts and collectives where scientific work is undertaken out of the laboratory of experts and into the world of citizens." Similar sensing activities include Crowdsensing and participatory monitoring. While the idea of using mobile technology to aid this sensing is not new, creating devices and systems that can be used to aid regulation has not been straightforward. Some examples of projects that include citizen sensing are:


title: Citizen science

text: A group of citizen scientists in a community-led project targeting toxic smoke from wood burners in Bristol, has recorded 11 breaches of World Health Organization daily guidelines for ultra-fine particulate pollution over a period of six months.


title: Citizen science

text: In a £7m programme funded by water regulator Ofwat, citizen scientists are being trained to test for pollution and over-abstraction in 10 river catchment areas in the UK. Sensors will be used and the information gathered will be available in a central visualisation platform. The project is led by The Rivers Trust and United Utilities and includes volunteers such as anglers testing the rivers they use. The Angling Trust provides the pollution sensors, with Kristian Kent from the Trust saying: "Citizen science is a reality of the world in the future, so they’re not going to be able to just sweep it under the carpet."


title: Citizen science

text: Resources for computer science and scientific crowdsourcing projects concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be found on the internet or as apps. Some such projects are listed below:


title: Citizen science

text: For coronavirus studies and information that can help enable citizen science, many online resources are available through open access and open science websites, including portals run by the Cambridge University Press, the Europe branch of the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, "The Lancet", John Wiley and Sons, and Springer Nature.


title: Citizen science

text: The English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) is widely regarded to have been one of the earliest CS contributors in Europe (see History). A century later, CS was experienced by adolescents in Italy during the 1980s, working on urban energy usages and air pollution.


title: Citizen science

text: In his book "Citizen Science", Alan Irwin considers the role that scientific expertise can play in bringing the public and science together and building a more scientifically active citizenry, empowering individuals to contribute to scientific development. Since then a CS green paper was published in 2013, and European Commission policy directives have included citizen science as one of five strategic areas with funding allocated to support initiatives through the 'Science With and For Society (SwafS)', a strand of the Horizon 2020 programme. This includes significant awards such as the EU Citizen Science Project, which is creating a hub for knowledge sharing, coordination, and action. The European Citizen Science Association (ECSA) was set up in 2014 to encourage the growth of CS across Europe, to increase public participation in scientific processes, mainly by initiating and supporting CS projects as well as conducting research. ECSA has a membership of over 200 individual and organisational members from over 28 countries across the European Union and beyond.


title: Citizen science

text: Examples of citizen science organisations and associations based in Europe include the Biosphere Expeditions (Ireland), Bürger schaffen Wissen (Germany), Citizen Science Lab at Leiden University (Netherlands), Ibercivis (See External Links), Österreich forscht (Austria). Other organisations can be found here: EU Citizen Science.


title: Citizen science

text: The first Conference on Public Participation in Scientific Research was held in Portland, Oregon, in August 2012. Citizen science is now often a theme at large conferences, such as the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.


title: Citizen science

text: In 2010, 2012 and 2014 there were three Citizen Cyberscience summits, organised by the Citizen Cyberscience Centre in Geneva and University College London. The 2014 summit was hosted in London and attracted over 300 participants.


title: Citizen science

text: In November 2015, the ETH Zürich and University of Zürich hosted an international meeting on the "Challenges and Opportunities in Citizen Science".


title: Citizen science

text: The first citizen science conference hosted by the Citizen Science Association was in San Jose, California, in February 2015 in partnership with the AAAS conference. The Citizen Science Association conference, CitSci 2017, was held in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, between 17 and 20 May 2017. The conference had more than 600 attendees. The next CitSci is in March 2019 in Raleigh, North Carolina.


title: Harriet Kemsley

text: Kemsley began stand-up in 2011 and within months won the Funny's Funny contest. In 2012, she won Bath Comedy Festival New Act of the Year and Brighton Comedy Festival New Act of the Year and was named by Rhod Gilbert as one of the Ten Must See Comics of 2012. Her autobiographical solo show, Slutty Joan, was reviewed positively in "The Guardian".


title: Harriet Kemsley

text: Kemsley has appeared on "Sam Delaney's News Thing", "Roast Battle", "8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown" and "8 Out of 10 Cats". She and then-fiancé Bobby Mair appeared on a Viceland reality show in 2017, entitled "Bobby & Harriet Get Married", featuring their wedding, officiated by comedian Romesh Ranganathan.


title: Harriet Kemsley

text: As an actress, she has appeared in the film "Bonobo" and on TV on "Damned" and "Doctor Foster". She also provided the voice of Nashandra, the final boss of the video game "Dark Souls II".


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Chad L. Coleman (born September 6, 1967) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing Dennis "Cutty" Wise on the HBO series "The Wire" (2004–08), Tyreese on the AMC series "The Walking Dead" (2012–15), Mingo on "Roots" (2016), Z on the FX sitcom "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" (2010–19), Fred Johnson on "The Expanse" (2015–20) and Klyden on "The Orville" (2017–present). He also voiced Coach in the video game "Left 4 Dead 2" (2009).


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Coleman was born in Richmond, Virginia. After being removed from neglectful parents in the Fairfield Court public housing project (one source says Creighton Court), he was raised by a grandmother on Richmond's south side after some time in a foster home. As a youth, he participated in track and field, but turned his attention to drama after a leg injury. He attended Virginia Commonwealth University on a scholarship for his freshman year, before dropping out to serve in the U.S. Army. During his service, from 1985 to 1989, he worked as a video cameraman.


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Coleman had a starring role on the HBO series "The Wire" as reformed criminal Dennis "Cutty" Wise. In 2002, Coleman starred as O. J. Simpson in TNT's television movie "Monday Night Mayhem".


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Coleman also had a guest role in the "Terminator: Sarah Connor Chronicles" TV series on Fox. He also had a small role in "". Coleman was also involved with the development of "Left 4 Dead 2", as a voice actor for the character Coach. In 2009, Coleman appeared in a revival of August Wilson's play "Joe Turner's Come and Gone" on Broadway and also had a starring role in the Norwegian TV series "Buzz Aldrin, What Happened To You In All The Confusion?", based on the novel by Johan Harstad. The series aired in Europe in November 2011.


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: He guest starred in the "In Plain Sight" episode "Whistle Stop" as an ex-boxer/witness suffering from pugilistic dementia, and in the "Lie to Me" episode "The Canary's Song" as a coal miner. He has also guest starred in five episodes of "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" between 2010 and 2019 as the character "Z". In 2011, he began playing Gary Miller, the ex-husband of Nikki Miller and father of manipulative daughter Mackenzie, in the Fox television sitcom "I Hate My Teenage Daughter".


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: From late 2012 to early 2015, Coleman played Tyreese on AMC's post-apocalyptic horror series "The Walking Dead". In the third season, Tyreese was a recurring character. Coleman was upgraded to series regular and main cast member at the start of the fourth season and retained this status for its fifth season until his character was killed off in the mid-season premiere. On November 20, 2014, he was announced to play Fred Johnson, a.k.a. "The Butcher of Anderson Station", a former Marine caught in a power struggle between Earth and Mars on the science-fiction series "The Expanse".


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Coleman also played Mingo in the 2016 re-imagining of "Roots", on the History Channel. Mingo is a stern, no-nonsense slave/cock trainer for Tom Lea, who keeps the Lea plantation afloat. He befriends Chicken George and they bond like father and son.


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Additionally, Coleman is executive producer, as well as visual inspiration for the character Mr. Osi of the futuristic graphic novel series "Treadwater".


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: In 2016, he played the role of Tobias Church on "Arrow". Currently, he is playing the recurring role of Klyden, Second Officer Bortus's mate, on "The Orville", which debuted in the fall of 2017 and entered its second season at the end of 2018.


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: On May 1, 2015, Coleman was recorded in the middle of a rant on New York City's 4 subway train. He stated that the rant was prompted by "built-up frustration" stemming from the death of Freddie Gray.


title: Chad L. Coleman

text: Later that year, he created a PSA with the non-profit organization Living Advantage about how people can help foster children besides adopting them.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: "And Then There Were Fewer" is the hour-long premiere of the ninth season of the American animated television series "Family Guy". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on September 26, 2010. The episode follows the citizens of Quahog after they are invited by actor James Woods to his stately mansion on a remote island. While there, a series of murders occur, and the group struggles to determine who committed the mysterious acts, before ultimately attempting to escape from the island, and avoid being murdered themselves. The episode borrows its premise and title from Agatha Christie's 1939 murder mystery "And Then There Were None", while also serving as a parody of the 1985 film "Clue".


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The episode was written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by Dominic Polcino. It received high acclaim from critics, who praised its storyline and cultural references, and is generally considered one of the best episodes of "Family Guy". According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.41 million homes in its original airing. The episode features guest performances by Drew Barrymore, H. Jon Benjamin, Max Burkholder, Colin Ford, Patrick Stewart, Ashley Tisdale and James Woods, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. It was the first "Family Guy" episode to air in and high definition. The episode was nominated for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards. "And Then There Were Fewer" was released on DVD along with two other episodes from the season on December 13, 2011. The show confirmed afterwards that it was part of the show's "real" continuity and those characters that died (e.g., Diane Simmons, Muriel Goldman etc.) would not be brought back in the future. However, James Woods is seen in the thirteenth episode of season 10, "", in which he tells Peter and Tom that paramedics brought him to a secret science lab made for celebrities and revived him.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: Most of the known residents of Quahog are anonymously invited to a dinner party in their honor at a mysterious cliffside mansion. Upon their arrival, their host is revealed to be James Woods, who states he has become a born-again Christian thanks to his new girlfriend, Priscilla, and wishes to repent for all his wrongdoings. Early into the night, as James and Priscilla go to the kitchen, Quagmire's hideous and morbidly obese girlfriend, Stephanie, is mysteriously shot and killed when she sits in James' seat, leading the guests to believe that James intends to murder them all. They try to leave, but lightning from a thunderstorm strikes a tree, causing it to break the bridge while the causeway is flooded. After discovering that Stephanie's body has disappeared and returning amidst accusations, James pleads innocence before he too is murdered in front of the guests by an unseen killer with a knife during a power outage, causing Priscilla to faint. Trapped on the remote estate with no way of contacting anyone due to the storm and being out of cell phone range, the guests realize that the killer is among them.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The guests find the suppressed gun that was timed to fire at the chair Stephanie was sitting in, leading them to deduce that it was intended for James and that Stephanie was killed by accident. While they search for clues in discovering the killer's identity, they realize that many of them have motives for wanting revenge on James. Joe leads the investigation at first, but Peter takes over when he accidentally knocks out Joe. After finding and reading a notebook of James' past misdeeds in a secret room, Mort Goldman's wife, Muriel, disappears after it is discovered that she was being blackmailed by Woods into supplying him with free medicine, causing everyone to suspect her as the culprit. The guests split up into teams decided by Peter to search the mansion for Muriel. However, she turns up dead soon after by being stabbed in the back with the same knife used to kill James. Suspicion is placed on Priscilla, who also disappeared during the commotion. Jillian's husband, Derek Wilcox, goes to an upper balcony to find a cell phone signal and contact the police, but as he gains a signal, he is murdered by the unseen killer with James' Golden Globe Award. Joe reawakens and has everyone travel as one group and search everyone's rooms. Eventually, they locate the bloodstained award and Priscilla's dead body in Tom Tucker's guest room. Tom is thus believed as the killer and is chased and caught by Peter, Joe, Carl, Dr. Hartman, Quagmire, Seamus, and Mayor Adam West.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The next morning, Tom is arrested and the guests prepare to leave. Lois goes to talk to Tom's co-anchor, Diane Simmons, only to intuitively realize Diane is the true murderer when Diane shows a dress for her solo debut on the news, even though Diane could not have known that Tom would be recently leaving. Diane reveals that she had secretly dated James until he dumped her on her 40th birthday, around which Tom arranged her to be replaced by a younger woman as co-anchor. Seeking revenge, Diane bribed Priscilla, a station intern, to make James become a born-again Christian and throw the dinner party so she could murder James and frame Tom for the crime. Her plan went awry upon Stephanie's accidental death, forcing Diane to kill Priscilla, Muriel and Derek at convenient opportunities - Priscilla and Muriel saw Diane messing with the evidence, and Derek was killed in order to prevent the police from arriving before everything was ready. Diane also admits that the mysterious disappearance of Stephanie's body was the only detail she was clueless about; a cutaway reveals that her body was stolen by Quagmire for necrophiliac purposes. Diane then attempts to kill Lois by forcing her outside to a nearby cliff, only to be shot and killed herself, falling down the cliff. Lois thanks her unseen savior and leaves, unaware that Stewie, armed with a suppressed sniper rifle, had saved her, proclaiming that he's the only one who has the right to kill Lois.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The episode was first announced at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International in San Diego, California, on July 24, 2010, by series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane. It was directed by series regular Dominic Polcino and written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong shortly after the conclusion of the eighth production season, which completed its airing on television on June 20, 2010. The episode takes its title from the Agatha Christie novel "And Then There Were None", and was largely based on the 1985 comedy film "Clue". Series regulars Peter Shin and James Purdum served as supervising director, with Andrew Goldberg, Alex Carter, Elaine Ko, and Spencer Porter serving as staff writers for the episode. Composer Walter Murphy, who has worked on the series since its inception, returned to compose the music for "And Then There Were Fewer". "And Then There Were Fewer" was the first episode of "Family Guy" to be broadcast in high-definition, with series showrunners Mark Hentemann and Steve Callaghan overseeing the transition.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The episode was dedicated to series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane's mother, Ann Perry MacFarlane, following her death from cancer on July 16, 2010. The original idea of the episode was sent to series showrunner and executive producer Hentemann in a text from Seth MacFarlane simply stating "murder mystery."


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: "And Then There Were Fewer", along with the two other episodes from "Family Guy"s ninth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating "And Then There Were Fewer", a mini-feature entitled ""The Comical Adventures of "Family Guy" – Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call"", and footage of the "Family Guy" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: In addition to the regular cast, actress Drew Barrymore reprised her role as Jillian Russell, the former girlfriend of Brian; actor James Woods, in his fifth appearance in the series, reprised his role as the overly exaggerated version of himself; actress Ashley Tisdale (who is known for playing Candace Flynn on Disney Channel's "Phineas and Ferb", the show created by "Family Guy" alumnus Dan Povenmire) made her first official appearance on "Family Guy" as James Woods's girlfriend, Priscilla; and voice actor H. Jon Benjamin reprised his role as Quahog Market owner Carl. Additionally, actors Max Burkholder, Colin Ford, and Patrick Stewart also guest starred in the episode in minor roles. Recurring guest voice actors Lori Alan, John G. Brennan, Nicole Sullivan, Jennifer Tilly, and John Viener reprised their roles as news reporter Diane Simmons, Quahog pharmacist Mort Goldman, Muriel Goldman, Griffin family neighbor Bonnie Swanson, and Jillian's husband, Derek Wilcox, respectively. A minor appearance was also made by "Family Guy" writer and regular voice artist Danny Smith.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: The episode borrows heavily from the 1985 comedy film "Clue", the 1976 comedy film "Murder by Death", and is largely based upon the 1939 Agatha Christie novel "And Then There Were None". The opening scene of the episode is similar to that of Stanley Kubrick's "The Shining". Once the Griffin family arrives at the mansion, Lois remarks on the estate's beauty, wondering if television host Jeff Probst has a similar home. As they walk into the mansion, Sir John Everett Millais's "Ophelia" is seen. As dinner commences, Carl begins conversing with Tom Tucker, and discusses the plot of the 1986 fantasy film "Labyrinth", directed by Jim Henson.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: After Tucker is accused of murdering James Woods, he reveals that Woods talked him out of auditioning for the lead role in the 1984 hit horror film "A Nightmare on Elm Street". The finger is then pointed at Mayor West, who tells the group of his hardships on the social networking service Twitter, after Woods stole his originally intended username. Diane Simmons also goes on to state that Woods had promised to introduce her to former CBS news anchor Dan Rather, but ultimately ended up introducing her to actor and comedian Danny Bonaduce instead.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: While searching for Muriel Goldman throughout the mansion, Brian and Stewie begin humming and singing the theme song to several television shows, including the CBS science fiction series "Lost in Space", the CBS sitcom "The Dick Van Dyke Show", and the ABC soap opera "Dynasty". After discovering the Golden Globe Award underneath Tom Tucker's bed, Tucker begins to profess his innocence, with Peter then instructing him to "tell it to Mike Judge."


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: In the scene where Diane tells Lois her conspiracy, Picasso's painting "Le Rêve" can be seen on the wall behind Diane. At the end of the episode, Seamus asks, "When we all see each other at school on Monday, are we still gonna be friends?" in a reference to "The Breakfast Club".


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: "And Then There Were Fewer" was broadcast on September 26, 2010, as a part of an animated television night on Fox, and was preceded by the season premiere of "The Simpsons", and "Family Guy" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane's spin-off, "The Cleveland Show". It was watched by 8.85 million viewers in its first half-hour, and concluded with a total 9.41 million viewers in its second half-hour, according to Nielsen ratings, despite airing simultaneously with the season premiere of "Desperate Housewives" on ABC, the season premiere of "The Amazing Race" on CBS and "Sunday Night Football" on NBC. The episode also acquired a 4.3 and 4.7 rating in the 18–49 demographic, beating "The Simpsons" and "The Cleveland Show" in addition to significantly edging out both shows in total viewership. The episode's ratings were "Family Guy"s highest since the airing of the season eight episode "Family Goy".


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: "And Then There Were Fewer" received widespread acclaim from critics and viewers, with one critic calling the storyline "solidly funny, well-plotted, and nearly perfectly executed". In a simultaneous review of the episodes of "The Simpsons" and "The Cleveland Show" that preceded the episode, "The A.V. Club"s Emily VanDerWerff commented that she enjoyed "the 'a bunch of people go to an isolated place and start getting killed' murder mystery subgenre", and that the episode "made fun of the conceits of the genre". In the conclusion of her review VanDerWerff called the episode "excellent and fun", and "full of surprisingly gorgeous animation and a nicely creepy feel that hung over all of the jokes" and rated it as a B+, the best rating between "The Simpsons" episode "Elementary School Musical" and "The Cleveland Show" episode "Harder, Better, Faster, Browner". Jason Hughes of TV Squad also praised the episode's writers for doing a "solid job of creating a genuine mystery throughout the hour, keeping us guessing as to who did it and what their motive may have been". Hughes went on to comment positively on the episode's numerous guest stars, and compared its portrayal of Diane Simmons to that of "The Simpsons" character Sideshow Bob. Natalie Zutter of Ology also praised the episode, calling it, "Surprisingly, the best of the evening." In the summary of her review, Zutter wrote that it was a "fun murder mystery that lets us see all our favorite Quahog folks", while continuing to wonder whether the characters who were killed off would remain dead.


title: And Then There Were Fewer

text: "And Then There Were Fewer" has frequently been selected in lists of the show's best episodes. Tom Eames of entertainment website "Digital Spy" placed the episode at number 14 on his listing of the best "Family Guy" episodes in order of "yukyukyuks" – compiled in 2017 to honor the 18th anniversary of the show – and praised the interaction of characters who do not normally interact, writing, "We never thought we'd see Jillian's boyfriend Derek hanging out with Seamus the sea captain." He expressed his shock at the death of characters such as Muriel Goldman and Diane Simmons and noted, "That's one way to cut some dead wood." In 2019, Jesse Schedeen from "IGN" placed "And Then There Were Fewer" at number 12 on his list of the 20 best "Family Guy" episodes, to celebrate the show's 20th anniversary, stating, "It's always nice when an episode commits to its premise rather than drifting along and focusing more on cutaway humor. Another big part of the appeal with "And Then There Were Fewer" is the fact that it features so many recurring characters, many of whom had never appeared alongside each other before." In that same year, Shawn S. Lealos from Screen Rant ranked the episode at number 4 on his listing of the best episode of every season of the series. Kevin Wong from "GameSpot" also named it among the 20 best "Family Guy" episodes.


title: Julian Holloway

text: Julian Holloway (born 24 June 1944) is a British actor. He is the son of comedy actor and singer Stanley Holloway and former chorus dancer and actress Violet Lane. He is the father of author and former model Sophie Dahl.


title: Julian Holloway

text: Holloway was born in Watlington, Oxfordshire, England on 24 June 1944. He was educated at Ludgrove School, Harrow School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.


title: Julian Holloway

text: In the 1962–63 television season of "Our Man Higgins", Holloway was cast in his first major acting role as Quentin in four episodes.


title: Julian Holloway

text: He became a mainstay of the "Carry On" film franchise, appearing in eight films between 1967 and 1976.


title: Julian Holloway

text: In the 1970's British police drama "The Sweeney," episode "Big Spender," Holloway appeared as John Smith, the brains of an organized crime family who involve themselves with two dishonest employees of a car park company in an elaborate fraud.


title: Julian Holloway

text: His other television credits include the "Uncle Silas" television dramatisations, "Elizabeth R", "Remember WENN", "Whatever Happened To The Likely Lads", "Beverly Hills, 90210", "Minder", "The Professionals", "The New Avengers", "Z-Cars", "The World of Wodehouse", and the "Doctor Who" story "Survival" in 1989. His films include "Young Winston" (1972), "Porridge" (1979), "The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle" (1980), "A Christmas Carol" (2009) and "The Rum Diary" (2011).


title: Julian Holloway

text: Holloway has developed a reputation as a successful voice actor / vocal artist, mainly in America. In 1991, he performed the part of Captain Zed in "Captain Zed and the Zee Zone" and as Bradford Milbanks in "James Bond Jr.". He also voiced Siegfried Fischbacher in "Father of the Pride" (2004), Prime Minister Almec in several episodes of "" (2008-2020), and main antagonist Odlaw in "Where's Waldo?" (1991 series). Holloway has also performed as a vocal artist for video games including "" and "". He also provides the voice for Death in the Cartoon Network animated series "Regular Show" (2010–2017).


title: Julian Holloway

text: Holloway is the son of Stanley Holloway and his wife Violet Lane. In 1976, he had a brief relationship with Tessa Dahl, daughter of Patricia Neal and Roald Dahl. The relationship produced one daughter, the author and former model Sophie Dahl, who was born the following year.


title: Julian Holloway

text: In 1971, he married Zena Walker but divorced soon afterwards. In 1991 he met and married voice over artist and actress Debbie Wheeler. The marriage ended in divorce in 1996.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: Rogue Trader is a 1999 British biographical drama film written and directed by James Dearden and starring Ewan McGregor and Anna Friel. The film centers on the life of former derivatives broker Nick Leeson and the 1995 collapse of Barings Bank. It was based on Leeson's 1996 book "Rogue Trader: How I Brought Down Barings Bank and Shook the Financial World".


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: "Rogue Trader" tells the true story of Nick Leeson, a young employee of Barings Bank who after a successful spell working for the firm's office in Indonesia is sent to Singapore as General Manager of the Trading Floor on the SIMEX exchange. The movie follows Leeson's rise as he soon becomes one of Barings' key traders. However, everything isn't as it appears – through the 88888 error account, Nick is hiding huge losses as he gambles away Barings' money with little more than the bat of an eyelid from the powers-that-be back in London.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: Eventually the losses mount up to well over £800 million and Nick, along with his wife Lisa, decide to leave Singapore and escape to Malaysia. Nick doesn't realise the severity of his losses until he reads in the newspaper that Barings has gone bankrupt. They then decide to return to London but Nick is arrested en route in Frankfurt. Nick is extradited to Singapore where he is sentenced to six and a half years in jail and is diagnosed with colon cancer. Because of this, he did not complete his sentence.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: "Rogue Trader" was released on 25 June 1999 in the United Kingdom and the United States. It was distributed by Pathé in the United Kingdom and Cinemax in the United States. It flopped at the box office, gaining less than 1 million sterling in the UK.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: During a bar scene, the Blur song "Song 2" is heard playing. This is an anachronism as the song was not released until three years after the scene was set.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: "Rogue Trader" was poorly received by critics, and the film holds a 30% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews.


title: Rogue Trader (film)

text: 35 minutes into the film, a rare Porsche 911 Speedster (964) is driven through the streets of Singapore with Nick Leeson (Ewan McGregor) as the passenger. This is a rare 1993 964 Speedster. Only an estimated 27 of these vehicles were produced as right hand drive. Only 4 were originally delivered by Porsche to Singapore, 2 yellow, 1 white and the guards red vehicle that appears in the movie.


title: Weathered

text: Weathered is the third studio album by American rock band Creed, released on November 20, 2001. It was the last Creed album to be released until "Full Circle" came out in October 2009, with Creed disbanding in June 2004. It is the only Creed album to be recorded as a three-member band, as bassist Brian Marshall departed in August 2000. Vocalist Scott Stapp and guitarist Mark Tremonti wrote most of the material for the album during a three-week period in late 2000, following their successful tour to support their second album, "Human Clay". Manager Jeff Hanson once again paired the band with longtime producer John Kurzweg, who rented out a private residence/recording studio in Ocoee, Florida owned by Jay Stanley, where the band would set up their studio inside to record the album. Recording sessions for the album began in July 2001, with Tremonti taking on bass guitar duties in Marshall's absence, and would last four months to complete.


title: Weathered

text: Musically, the album was touted by Hanson as the band's version of "The Joshua Tree" by U2, believing it would be the record that would set them apart. Stapp described the album as "two records in one" and "a very extreme record", as it features some of Creed's heaviest and most aggressive songs, experimental tracks, as well as many of the band's most popular ballads. The lyrics on "Weathered" tackle familiar topics often addressed by the band including Christianity and faith, discrimination and unity, depression, loneliness, friendship, as well more current and personal issues such as criticism and persecution of the band by their critics and the press, substance abuse, dealing with the pressures that came with the band's popularity and living a rock star lifestyle, feelings of invisibility and insignificance, and Stapp's deteriorating physical and mental health which would continue to worsen throughout their hectic tour in support of the album.


title: Weathered

text: The album debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200, the band's second consecutive studio album to top the chart, and remained at the top spot for eight consecutive weeks, the longest consecutive run since The Beatles's album 1 the year prior. "Weathered" also spawned six singles, including two top 10 "Billboard" Hot 100 singles: "One Last Breath", which peaked at number 6, and "My Sacrifice", which peaked at number 4. It has since been certified 6× platinum by the RIAA for sales of over 6 million units in the US alone. "Weathered" received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising the band for their nuance, refined sound and unapologetic emotion, while others criticized the album for its lack of creativity and for being far too serious and pretentious.


title: Weathered

text: Following the massive success of the Creed's second album "Human Clay", the band began to experience turmoil during their tour in support of the album in the summer of 2000. Bassist Brian Marshall's problems with alcoholism and addiction were taking their toll on the band. Marshall began to spiral, leading to him physically threatening guitarist Mark Tremonti and even began attacking vocalist Scott Stapp verbally and online. After a band meeting they decided that Marshall needed to go to rehab and was let go from Creed, however Marshall never ended up going to rehab. The public initially thought Marshall was let go due to comments he made about Pearl Jam frontman Eddie Vedder during a radio interview with KNDD in June, claiming that Scott Stapp was a better songwriter, and criticizing Pearl Jam's recent albums for not having hooks. Marshall was replaced for the remainder of the tour with Brett Hestla of Virgos Merlot.


title: Weathered

text: Scott Stapp's struggle with alcoholism, addiction and depression also began to worsen during this period. Stapp began drinking heavily to cope with his depression as well as with the pressure of his fame and the band's success. Violent altercations became the norm with Stapp, when in April 2001 he punched a man at a club in St. Augustine, Florida after he was badgering Stapp and reportedly told him "You should’ve stuck with Pearl Jam." However, no charges were filed. When asked about the altercation Stapp responded by saying "I was going to turn the other cheek, but Jesus never had to deal with this Pearl Jam crap." As Stapp's drinking addiction became more severe, he also became addicted to Percocet shortly after the release of the album following a car accident in the spring of 2002, as well as a host of other medications including Xanax and throat steroids like Decadron. Stapp's deterioration continued until he reached a point where he was "drinking from the time I woke up ‘til the time I went to sleep, and under the influence of pills as well." These addictions eventually culminated in a breakdown during a December 29, 2002, live show at the Allstate Arena in Chicago, ultimately leading to the band's eventual break up.


title: Weathered

text: For the "Weathered" album, Creed approached the writing process differently than they did for their previous two albums. Prior to writing new material, the band made a rule that during the tour for "Human Clay" that no new songs could be composed. Scott Stapp says the reason for this was that he wanted the band to "live life and have experiences" before he and guitarist Mark Tremonti began writing new songs. Stapp and Tremonti also vowed not to listen to any music at all between the end of the "Human Clay" tour and the start of writing sessions for "Weathered". Stapp said the reason for this was that he wanted to ensure that nothing would subconsciously influence the band's writing process. This was so that all the material would come from them. After finishing the final leg of their tour in December 2000, Stapp and Tremonti began writing new songs. After just three weeks, the songwriting duo had managed to write an entire album's worth of material by the end of the year. Following a short holiday break, the band decided to take a laid-back approach to the recording and releasing of the album, deciding to spend the first several months of 2001 refining the new material before entering the recording studio. Most of the writing for the album was done in Stapp's living room during four-hour sessions, four nights a week. During the final days of writing material Tremonti and Stapp wrote while on Stapp's boat, a Sea Ray cruiser.


title: Weathered

text: On July 20, 2001, Scott Stapp, Mark Tremonti, and Scott Phillips entered J. Stanley Productions Inc., a private residence/recording studio in Ocoee, Florida, to begin the process of recording the album. The home studio featured two in-home control rooms, Studio A, which was decked out with purple lights and purple lava lamps, which Jay Stanley claimed helped spark his creativity; and Studio B, where Creed held their recording sessions. The album was recorded and mixed in just four months using Pro Tools. The band also hired Full Sail University graduate Shilpa Patel, whom Jay Stanley referred to as the "Queen of Pro Tools", as a studio technician to help the band record and mix the album.


title: Weathered

text: During recording sessions for the song "Who's Got My Back?", the band enlisted the services of Cherokee musician Bo Taylor, an avowed Creed fan who Stapp brought in personally from a reservation who was fluent in ancient Cherokee chants, to do an ancient sounding Cherokee Indian prayer for the intro of the song. The band played a demo of the song for Taylor, and after a lengthy conversation about its meaning Stapp had Taylor do four to five chants in the studio until settling on the first take. Stapp also brought in his sister Aimee to sing backing vocals on "Don't Stop Dancing", as well as the Tallahassee Boys' Choir. Jay Stanley, who was sporadically present during the recording sessions, recalls his initial impression of hearing early demo recordings of the songs, specifically the album's lead single "My Sacrifice".


title: Weathered

text: At the time, the group was halfway through recording its new album when the attacks of September 11, 2001, occurred. According to Producer John Kurzweg, the mood quickly changed and intensified following the attacks. Kurzweg said "We tried to go forward and do the best we could, but all the songs were written before. Not one lyric was changed." In response to the terrorist attacks, touring bassist Brett Hestla, along with his band who were known simply as Virgos during this period, wrote a tribute song to those affected and involved in the massacre called "Brother Of Mine", which they included on their only album "The Path of Least Resistance". The song featured Tremonti and Philips on guitar and keyboards respectively. Another version of the song also featured Stapp sharing vocal duties with Hestla.


title: Weathered

text: Stapp describes the album as "two records in one" and "a very extreme record", as it features some of Creed's heaviest songs such as the opening track and second single "Bullets", as well as some of the band's most uplifting numbers including their hit lead single "My Sacrifice", and the album's closing track "Lullaby". Manager Jeff Hanson described the album as Creed's version of "The Joshua Tree", feeling it would be the record that would set the band apart and have the epic scope and impact of the classic U2 album. With bassist Brian Marshall no longer in the band, Tremonti played bass guitar for all the songs on the album in his absence.


title: Weathered

text: The album opens with "Bullets", an anthemic and forceful heavy metal track that features some of Tremonti's fastest and most aggressive guitar work for Creed. Stapp wrote the lyrics about what he felt were unjust criticisms that the band had received throughout their careers from critics and the press. In the song, Stapp asks of them to "At least look at me when you shoot a bullet through my head!", inferring that if someone has something negative to say about them to do it to their faces.


title: Weathered

text: "Bullets" is followed by another one of the album's heavier tracks, "Freedom Fighter". It is the band's shortest song ever recorded, clocking in at only 2:36. In between the first and second verse of the song, a muffled voice can be heard reciting the lyrics from the bridge section of "Wash Away Those Years", from the "Human Clay" album.


title: Weathered

text: The album's third track, the eight-minute epic entitled "Who's Got My Back?", is the band's longest song ever recorded and one of their most experimental tracks. The song was written by Stapp, who was inspired to reconnect with his own Cherokee roots and heritage on the track. The song opens with a Bo Taylor's Cherokee Indian prayer, that according to Stapp, was "so moving to me. It literally brings tears to my eyes every time I hear it.""


title: Weathered

text: The band continues to explore dark themes on track five of the album with their hit single "One Last Breath", a song which Mark Tremonti cites as one of his favourite guitar lines and musical compositions for Creed. According to Stapp, the song is about someone crying out for help, realizing the mistakes they've made in their past, and your friends being there for you to lean on. Stapp also expresses sentiments about how in the minds of "normal, well-adjusted" people, any thoughts of moving beyond this life are not real, and how these surreal thoughts are just flashes-in-the-pan and they would never act upon them.


title: Weathered

text: Track six, "My Sacrifice", sees the band segue into its uplifting numbers on the second half of "Weathered". Lyrically, the song explores Stapp's own personal struggles with battling substance abuse, addiction and alcoholism and him coming to terms with his inability to stay sober despite his best efforts. Musically, the song has a far more positive and uplifting sound comparable to the band's previous hit single "Higher".


title: Weathered

text: "Weathered", the album's title track and final single, was written by Stapp about his feelings of sadness, bleakness and the pressures that came with living the rock star lifestyle while simultaneous having to conceal his rapidly deteriorating and unraveling mental state at the time from those around him.


title: Weathered

text: The final two tracks, "Don't Stop Dancing" and "Lullaby", close out the album on a soft note. "Don't Stop Dancing", the album's fourth single, is a power ballad where Stapp lyrically expresses feelings of invisibility and insignificance in the world. The song features Stapp's sister Aimee Stapp on backing vocals during the bridge and the Tallahassee Boys' Choir singing a background chorus. The album's closing track, "Lullaby", is one of Creed's softest numbers. It is an acoustic duet track featuring only Tremonti on guitar and Stapp on vocals, making it the band's only song not to feature drums or bass guitar. Musically the song is a soothing piece similar to that of an actual lullaby, while lyrically the song sees Stapp telling the listener to "Just give love to all".


title: Weathered

text: The artwork for the album was designed by Mark Tremonti's brother, Daniel Tremonti, who also designed all of the band's album covers. The front cover depicts an unknown man in the foreground holding a hammer and chisel while carving the faces of Stapp, Tremonti, and Philips into the wood of a heavily mossed tree. Some versions of the cover have Tremonti's head carved facing to the right, with the wordmark now centred and slightly larger, in solid white, and the album title, also enlarged, at the bottom with a black drop shadow.


title: Weathered

text: As with the artwork for their previous album, "Human Clay", the artwork for "Weathered" was incorporated into an online interactive game called Creed Quest. Daniel Tremonti devised the original concept and had been working with the band on design and marketing concepts since the Blue Collar Records version of "My Own Prison". Tremonti's marketing and design firm, Three Mountain Group, was the game's developer. Soon after the release of the album in late 2001, banner ads and mysterious posts began appearing on Creed fan sites, which redirected users to a website called creedquest.com. Creed Quest officially launched on January 21, 2002, and after just a couple of weeks boasted over 40,000 participants. Creed Quest was broken down into eight weekly instalments, and was played on a points system, whereby points were accumulated by successfully completing tasks, challenges, answering questions about the band, and unraveling mysteries surrounding a different fictitious short story each week. Players with the most points were then eligible for weekly prizes and one grand-prize — a trip to Universal Studios Orlando for lunch with the band, among other activities. The foundation for Creed Quest had been laid years in advance prior to the release of "Human Clay". Clues for the contest could be obtained in various Creed songs and album artwork, such as the clocks seen throughout the liner notes of "Human Clay". Other prizes included signed items, watches, sunglasses, and props such as the granite slab with "Weathered" carved into it that is seen in the artwork of the liner notes of "Weathered".


title: Weathered

text: To promote the album, the band made numerous television appearances, including a spot as musical guests on the November 17, 2001, episode of Saturday Night Live where they played "Bullets" and "My Sacrifice". They also played the halftime show at the 2001 Dallas Cowboys' annual Thanksgiving Day football game on November 22. The band performed a medley of their songs "My Sacrifice", "Don't Stop Dancing" and their 1999 hit single "Higher". On December 2, the band once again performed "My Sacrifice" at the 2001 My VH1 Music Awards and on the December 3, 2001, episode of "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno".


title: Weathered

text: "Weathered" was released on November 20, 2001, becoming the band's second album to top the charts in the US, debuting at number one on the "Billboard" 200. The album sold 887,000 copies in its first week of release, making it the second highest selling album of 2001 for first-week sales. By the end of 2001 the album had managed to sell over 4 million units in the US, being certified 4× platinum by the RIAA on December 19, and closed out the year of 2001 with sales of 555,092 units for the week of December 29. The album remained in the top spot for eight consecutive weeks until the week of February 2, 2002, when it was finally knocked off the top spot by Alan Jackson's album "Drive", which at the time made them only the 3rd artist in the Soundscan Era to have an album debut a number one and hold onto the spot for eight or more consecutive weeks. "Weathered" finished number 2 on the 2002 US "Billboard" 200 year-end chart, and was eventually certified 6× platinum by the RIAA for sales of over 6 million units sold in just the US alone on January 6, 2003. In 2001 the album was the 15th best-selling album globally, selling 4.9 million copies.


title: Weathered

text: Like its predecessor, the singles from "Weathered" were also commercially successful. The album's lead single, "My Sacrifice", which was released in October 2001, gave the band their third top ten hit on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and their second highest-charting single on the Hot 100 (after "With Arms Wide Open") as it entered the top ten at the end of 2001 and peaked at number 4 in the week of February 9, 2002. It also topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for nine consecutive weeks, starting in December 2001. The album's second single, "Bullets", experienced moderate chart success, reaching number 11 and 27 on the U.S. "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks respectively. "One Last Breath" was released as the third single in May 2002, and was a massive commercial hit both in the US and internationally. The song peaked at number 6 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and reached the top five on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks, Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Top 40. Worldwide, the song peaked at number 43 in Australia and number 29 in New Zealand. In the United Kingdom and Ireland—where the song was released as a double A-side with "Bullets"—it peaked at number 47 on the UK Singles Chart and number 41 on the Irish Singles Chart. "Hide" was released as an International single in the form of an EP with the album versions of "Bullets" and "Unforgiven", reaching number 65 in Australia. "Don't Stop Dancing" was released as the fifth single in October 2002, reaching 24 on the US Adult Top 40 and 48 in Australia. The album's final single, the title track, was releases the next month and peaked at number 7 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks and 30 on the Alternative Airplay chart.


title: Weathered

text: The album had four music videos created for it: "My Sacrifice" in 2001, followed by "Bullets", "One Last Breath", and "Don't Stop Dancing" in 2002. A two-disc version of "Weathered" was released and contained a VCD with three music videos made for Creed's second studio album "Human Clay".


title: Weathered

text: The album received mixed reviews, with some critics feeling that the album lacked creativity and liveliness, labeling "Weathered" as being "unimaginative", "predictable" and too serious and pretentious. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote in his 2 out of 5 star review that: "Their hearts are in the right place -- let it never be said that they're only in this for the money or the fame; they even advertise Stapp's With Arms Wide Open Foundation charity in the liner notes -- but the earnestness in their approach is magnified by their resolutely unimaginative neo-grunge." Although he praises the band's more experimental efforts noting the Cherokee Indian prayer on "Who's Got My Back" and bringing in the Tallahassee Boys' Choir for "Don't' Stop Dancing", he felt Creed had failed to break from their template and that the album was "simply another Creed record." "Slant Magazine" also gave the album 2 out of 5 stars, with reviewer Sal Cinquemani praising the track "Bullets", but felt many songs including "My Sacrifice", "Freedom Fighter" and "Lullaby" were overly self-righteous and that "the song's message gets lost in the same hollow pit of obscurity as the band's previously uplifting efforts." He also praised the song "Who's Got My Back", but states that the song predictably trumpets into typical testosterone-rock.


title: Weathered

text: Some reviewers were more receptive to the album, commending the band's restrained, and morose approach as well as the nuance of the album. James Hunter of "Rolling Stone" gave the album 3 and half stars out of 5, citing tracks such as "My Sacrifice", "Who's Got My Back" and "Stand Here With Me" as album highlights. He writes: "Weathered is rock of unusual focus and arrest, a beautifully distressed dance of sustained style and unapologetic emotion." Caroline Sullivan of "The Guardian" gave the album 3 out of 5 stars. She notes that although the album's lack of levity begins to take its toll over the course of the record, "Weathered" is still worth listening to "for those who want a dose of spirituality with their nu metal." In his 8 out of 10 star review of the album, Thomas Kupfer of "Rock Hard" states: "The new album proves once again that Creed doesn't work according to the truisms of big business. As with its predecessors, the production was carried out under the guidance of producer John Kurzweg and the original sound was only refined with nuances." He asserts that the title track is the band's "most compact performance of the trio to date", as well as praising some of the calmer moments on the album including "Who's Got My Back".


title: Weathered

text: The "Weathered" tour kicked off on January 16, 2002, with an hour special VH1 "Opening Night Live" performance in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Philips Arena. The program also featured interviews by radio and television personality Aamer Haleem with Stapp, Tremonti and drummer Scott Phillips in Florida. After a successful opening night, the tour quickly hit its first snag just two weeks later when on January 30, Mark Tremonti's mother passed away, forcing the band to reschedule their February 1 performance in East Rutherford, New Jersey at the Continental Airlines Arena. On February 19, 2002, Creed played at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, during the medals ceremony. The band mostly performed songs from "Weathered" as well as songs from their previous two albums. American dates continued until February 23, when the band performed their rescheduled show in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The band then embarked on a half dozen international tour dates in March in Australia and New Zealand.


title: Weathered

text: The band returned to the US and had originally planned to do more shows in April, followed by a European tour in May and June, and then a full-scale North American run from July until the fall. But on April 19, Stapp was involved in a serious automobile accident when he was on his way to shoot the video for "One Last Breath". At around 1:40 in the afternoon, Stapp, while driving his Cadillac SUV on Interstate 4 in Florida, was struck from behind by a Ford SUV. Stapp's vehicle was rear-ended by the other vehicle that, according to Stapp, was going at "probably 50 or 60 miles per hour,". Stapp was sent flying forward in his vehicle, with his body hitting the steering wheel and his head hitting the windshield. The officer on the scene reported no injuries, but Stapp soon realized he had not gone unscathed while calling his manager after the accident. He suffered a concussion from the whiplash and from hitting the windshield. Although severely injured, Stapp still managed to show up the next day and shoot the music video, but the band's April shows as well as the European tour had to be cancelled. Things went bad to worse after an MRI later revealed the extent of Stapp's injuries including a bulging disk between two vertebrae in his neck, a smashed disk in his lower back, and an adjacent missing disk from a congenital condition that likely worsened the situation.


title: Weathered

text: Creed resumed the North American portion of their tour starting on July 11 in Norfolk, Virginia. During the fall portion of their tour, the band hit yet another bump in the road when Stapp was diagnosed with acute laryngitis due to the swelling of his vocal cords. Creed was forced to postpone nine dates at the beginning of their fall tour and almost had to pull out of a live performance at Alcatraz Island off of the San Francisco coast on October 10. However, the band still played the show since they had booked the show two weeks prior as a favor to VH1 when the previously scheduled artist canceled at the last minute. Before the show, Stapp was given a shot of anti-inflammatory medication Decadron, to temporarily ease the swelling of his vocal cords, and the set had to be shortened then what was originally planned. Stapp lamented that "This ambitious tour schedule ultimately proved to be too aggressive,".


title: Weathered

text: As the band wrapped up their tour in December, the band played one of their most infamous shows on the 29th at the Allstate Arena in Chicago, Illinois where Stapp suffered a mental breakdown on stage, forcing the band to cut the set short just three songs in. Prior to the performance Stapp, who was addicted to pain killers and battling alcoholism at the time, mixed his medication with alcohol causing him to become inebriated. As Stapp stumbled onto the stage, he was so intoxicated that he began rolling around, laying flat on his back while struggling to get back up, was unable to sing any of the lyrics to the songs, slammed his microphone on the ground, and at one point even passed out mid-performance. The audience began to heavily boo Stapp as he proceeded to leave the stage, only to return ten minutes later and miss all of his cues, causing the rest of the band to improvise by playing a number of unplanned solos. Although the band issued an apology to their fans via email, they soon found themselves involved in a lawsuit with two of the audience members from the show, Philip Berenz and Chad Costino, who alleged that Creed owed refunds to the 15,000 members of the audience, totalling $2 million in damages. The lawsuit was eventually thrown out by the court, but the band's reputation had been damaged. Creed played their final show on December 31, 2002, with 3 Doors Down. In June 2004, the band announced their break-up.


title: Wallace Ford

text: Wallace Ford (born Samuel Grundy Jones; 12 February 1898 – 11 June 1966) was an English-born naturalized American vaudevillian, stage performer and screen actor. Usually playing wise-cracking characters, he combined a tough but friendly-faced demeanor with a small but powerful, stocky physique.


title: Wallace Ford

text: He was born Samuel Grundy Jones in Bolton, Lancashire, England, into a working-class family of limited means. At the age of three, he was placed by his uncle and aunt, in whose care he had been, into a Barnardo's orphanage home, since they were unable to maintain his upkeep along with their own several children. When he was seven, he and other children from similar backgrounds were shipped to Canada to be found new homes with farming foster families as a part of the British Empire's ongoing programme to populate the territory.


title: Wallace Ford

text: Samuel was adopted by a family in Manitoba. He was ill-treated and became a serial runaway, being resettled several times with different families by the Canadian authorities. According to his own account, at the age of 11 he ran away for the last time and joined a vaudeville traveling troupe touring Canada called the Winnipeg Kiddies, from which he acquired his initial training as a performer.


title: Wallace Ford

text: In 1914, 16-year-old Samuel and another youth named Wallace Ford decided to head south to the United States to seek their fortunes, riding a freight train illicitly. During the trip, Ford was killed beneath the wheels of a train. Later, Samuel adopted as his stage name the name of his dead traveling companion.


title: Wallace Ford

text: Following military service as a trooper at Fort Riley, Kansas, with the United States Cavalry during World War I, he became a vaudeville stage actor in an American stock company. In 1919, he performed in an adaptation of Booth Tarkington's "Seventeen", which played to full houses in Chicago for several months, before transferring to a successful run on Broadway in New York City. Ford became a successful Broadway performer through the Roaring Twenties, appearing in multiple productions, including the lead role in the Broadway smash hit "Abie's Irish Rose".


title: Wallace Ford

text: In motion pictures, he made his credited debut with "Possessed" in 1931, appearing with Clark Gable and Joan Crawford, and the next year he was given the lead in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's "Freaks", directed by Tod Browning. Ford went on to have an extensive career over 30 years, appearing in more than 150 films, with lead roles in the 1930s and '40s in Hollywood B movies such as "The Rogues' Tavern" (1936), "Murder by Invitation" (1941), and "Roar of the Press" (1941) and supporting roles in larger feature films such as "The Lost Patrol" (1934), "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943), "Spellbound" (1945), and "Dead Reckoning" (1947).


title: Wallace Ford

text: In 1937, he returned to the Broadway stage to play the role of George in the original production of "Of Mice and Men".


title: Wallace Ford

text: In 1945, Ford appeared in the film "Blood on the Sun" alongside Jimmy Cagney, whose physique and acting style resembled his own. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, he transitioned into a character actor, appearing as a regular performer in the newly fashionable western genre, and in multiple John Ford productions as one of his preferred support players.


title: Wallace Ford

text: In the latter stage of his career, during the 1950s and early 1960s, Ford performed increasingly on television. He had a recurring role in the Western series "The Deputy" starring Henry Fonda and his final appearance on the "small screen" was on "The Andy Griffith Show" in 1964, playing Roger Hanover, Aunt Bee's old flame. The next year, he appeared in his last film, "A Patch of Blue", for which he received a Golden Laurel nomination. Ford's performance as Ole Pa in "A Patch of Blue" proved to be the final role of his extensive acting career.


title: Wallace Ford

text: The actor became a naturalized United States citizen on May 8, 1942; by this act, he also legally changed his name from Samuel Grundy to Wallace Ford. He met his future wife, Martha Haworth, in 1922 while they were performing together on Broadway in "Abie's Irish Rose", she being a chorus girl at the time. They had one child, a daughter named Patricia (1927–2005).


title: Wallace Ford

text: After the death of his wife in February 1966, Ford moved into the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital at Woodland Hills, California, and died in the hospital there of heart failure four months later. His body was buried in an unmarked grave at Culver City's Holy Cross Cemetery.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: China Gate is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language Western action film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi. It was released on 27 November 1998.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: China Gate follows the basic storyline of the classic "Seven Samurai". The film was critically acclaimed for Santoshi's writing and direction. The song "Chamma Chamma" picturised on Urmila Matondkar became a chart buster and was used in Baz Luhrmann's film "Moulin Rouge!". The film won Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: The story begins with Col. Krishnakant Puri and his ten men who were dishonorably discharged from the Indian Army for failing in the China Gate mission. They belong to the "Ghatak" platoon of an infantry regiment. Krishnakant lives an alienated life after the Court-martial. Frustrated, one day he is about to commit suicide when a young lady named Sandhya knocks on his door.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: Having witnessed the brutal slaying of her Forest Officer father, Sunder Rajan, at the hands of dreaded dacoit Jageera, Sandhya goes to the Col. and asks for his assistance in bringing an end to Jageera's rule in the Devdurg region. Col. Krishnakant agrees to assist her and summons ten of his fellow officers and subordinates to assist him in this mission. They assemble at Devdurg with the necessary ammunition and arms to combat Jageera, not realizing that Jageera has influence over the local police detachment, who will prevent Krishnakant and his men to possess any guns and weapons. This does not deter the men, and they continue to stay on in Devdurg. They gain the confidence of the villagers too.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: The villagers do not know that Krishnakant and his men had been dishonorably discharged from the army for cowardice. At the time of the first encounter with the gang of Jageera, the team of Krishnakant realised that they are out of shape and have lost instincts and fighting capabilities due to age. With the permission of Col. Krishnakant, Major Gurung starts to train them again.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: One day, Jageera captures them with the help of corrupt police officer Barot, but they escape finally and in turn capture Jageera. Col Krishan Puri and few officers intend to kill him, but leader Col. Puri hands him over to the police inspector Barot. As a result, Jageera is again set free and kills Maj. Sarfaraj.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: Now the full team of Col. Krishnakant along with the villagers chase Jageera to take final revenge. They Teach Inspector Baarot an Ultimate lesson. Krishnakant gets to know that Sandhya and rest of the residents are held hostage by Jageera. Udit is able to save her. After the Deadly fight, The Five soldiers including Kewal kills Jageera only to avenge Sarfaraz's death.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: The film ends with the full team setting out for next adventure to accomplish the new Mission afterwards Udit becomes Sandhya's husband.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: The film was conceived as a tribute to Akira Kurosawa's "Seven Samurai". The film was made on the budget of 20 crores, the most expensive Bollywood production at that point of time.


title: China Gate (1998 film)

text: The music for this movie was composed by Anu Malik and the item song "Chamma Chamma" became extremely popular, which was later used in Hollywood film "Moulin Rouge!" and was recreated for the film, "Fraud Saiyyan".


title: Mir mine

text: The Mir mine ( "kimberlitovaya almaznaya trubka "Mir""; English: kimberlite diamond pipe "Peace"), also called the Mirny mine, is an open pit diamond mine located in Mirny, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian region of eastern Russia. The mine is more than 525 meters (1,722 ft) deep (4th in the world), has a diameter of 1,200 m (3,900 ft), and is one of the largest excavated holes in the world.


title: Mir mine

text: Open-pit mining began in 1957 and was discontinued in 2001. Since 2009, it has been active as an underground diamond mine.


title: Mir mine

text: The diamond-bearing deposits were discovered on June 13, 1955, by Soviet geologists Yuri Khabardin, Ekaterina Elagina and Viktor Avdeenko during the large Amakinsky Expedition in Yakut ASSR. They found traces of the volcanic rock kimberlite, which is usually associated with diamonds. This finding was the second success in the search for kimberlite in Russia, after numerous failed expeditions of the 1940s and 1950s. (The first was Zarnitsa mine, 1954.) For this discovery, in 1957 Khabardin was given the Lenin Prize, one of the highest awards in the Soviet Union.


title: Mir mine

text: The development of the mine started in 1957, in extremely harsh climate conditions. Seven months of winter per year froze the ground, making it hard to mine. During the brief summer months, the ground turned to slush. Buildings had to be raised on piles, so that they would not sink from their warmth melting the permafrost. The main processing plant had to be built on better ground, found away from the mine. The winter temperatures were so low that car tires and steel would shatter and oil would freeze. During the winter, workers used jet engines to thaw and dig out the permafrost or blasted it with dynamite to get access to the underlying kimberlite. The entire mine had to be covered at night to prevent the machinery from freezing.


title: Mir mine

text: In the 1960s the mine was producing of diamond per year, of which a relatively high fraction (20%) were of gem quality. The upper layers of the mine (down to ) had very high diamond contents of per tonne of ore, with a relatively high ratio of gems to industrial stones. The yield decreased to about per tonne and the production rate slowed to per year near the pit bottom. The largest diamond of the mine was found on 23 December 1980; it weighed and was named "26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (). The mine operation was interrupted in the 1990s at a depth of after the pit bottom became flooded, but resumed later.


title: Mir mine

text: The Mir mine was the first developed and the largest diamond mine in the Soviet Union. Its surface operation lasted 44 years, finally closing in June 2001. After the collapse of the USSR, in the 1990s, the mine was operated by the Sakha diamond company, which reported annual profits in excess of $600 million from diamond sales.


title: Mir mine

text: Later, the mine was operated by Alrosa, the largest diamond producing company in Russia, and employed 3,600 workers. It had long been anticipated that the recovery of diamonds by conventional surface mining would end. Therefore, in the 1970s construction of a network of tunnels for underground diamond recovery began. By 1999, the project operated exclusively as an underground mine. In order to stabilize the abandoned surface main pit, its bottom was covered by a rubble layer thick. After underground operations began, the project had a mine life estimate of 27 years, based on a drilling exploration program to a depth of . Production ceased in 2001, and the Mir mine closed in 2004.


title: Mir mine

text: The mine was recommissioned in 2009, and is expected to remain operational for 50 more years. The underground Mir mine flooded again in 2017, trapping over 140 miners, all but 8 of whom were rescued.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: David Downs Hartman (born May 19, 1935) is an American journalist and media host who began his media career as an actor. He currently anchors and hosts documentary programs on History and PBS. Hartman is best known as the first host of ABC's "Good Morning America", from 1975 to 1987. As an actor, he starred in the 1970s as a young resident, Dr. Paul Hunter, on "" and as a teacher in the series "Lucas Tanner". He acted in the 1973 TV movie remake of "Miracle on 34th Street".


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, the son of Fannie Rodman (Downs) and Cyril Baldwin Hartman. He is of part German descent. Hartman attended Mount Hermon School (now Northfield Mount Hermon) and was geared toward professional baseball in high school. However, he turned down a baseball scholarship to attend Duke University, where he majored in economics and became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity and Alpha Kappa Psi business fraternity. After college, he served three years of active duty as an officer in the U.S. Air Force, Strategic Air Command. He was a supply officer at Dow AFB in Bangor, Maine, and acted in local musicals there, including "Oklahoma!," in the role of Curly. David spent the summer of 1960 at the Surflight Summer Theatre in Beach Haven, New Jersey, and had lead roles in "Mister Roberts", "South Pacific", and "Kismet".


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman appeared in two Broadway shows; the original "Hello, Dolly!" in 1964, and "The Yearling" (1965). After working in films such as the Doris Day comedy"The Ballad of Josie" (1967), "Nobody's Perfect" (1968), and "Did You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady?" (1968) with Phyllis Diller, he refocused on television. He appeared in "The Virginian" in 1969 and won attention as a dedicated doctor on "", earning a nomination for a Golden Globe award. Hartman played a lead role alongside Hal Linden in the industrial musical "Diesel Dazzle" (1966).


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman also appeared as the character David Sutton in more than two dozen episodes of the television series "The Virginian" and guest-starred on several other popular TV series such as "Marcus Welby, M.D."; "The Name of the Game"; "Ironside"; and "The Carol Burnett Show." In 1970, Hartman appeared in the made-for-TV pilot film for "San Francisco International" as an embittered pilot whose wife was held hostage by criminals. In 1973 he starred in "Miracle on 34th Street", a TV remake of the holiday classic, along with Jane Alexander and Sebastian Cabot. The next year he starred in the Disney movie "The Island at the Top of the World" as an archaeology professor.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: On the 1974-75 NBC series "Lucas Tanner", Hartman played a retired baseball player turned unconventional high-school teacher. The cancellation of this series marked the end of his acting career.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: On November 3, 1975, Hartman became the original male co-host of ABC's renamed morning news show, "Good Morning America" (1975–1987). During his 11 years as a co-host, "GMA" would often be the highest-rated morning news program on network television. Although Hartman did not have a journalism background, he professionally conducted more than 12,000 interviews during his time on the show.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman usually closed each "Good Morning America" broadcast with the same benediction: "Make it a good day today." In a statement that Hartman prepared for the 30th anniversary "GMA" broadcast in 2005, he explained, "My daily sign-off line, 'Make it a good day today,' reflected 'GMA's' values and the belief that each of us can affect our lives in a positive way, that our program was, we hoped, a public service."


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman has been an anchor and host of a series of documentaries on the Discovery Channel and PBS member station WNET in New York City. Produced by James Nicoloro, the PBS documentaries are a series of "Walk Through" documentaries about various communities around New York City, which include "A Walk Down 42nd Street" (August 1998), "A Walk Up Broadway" (March 1999), "A Walk Through Harlem" (December 1999), "A Walk Around Brooklyn with David Hartman and Historian Barry Lewis" (2000), "A Walk Through Greenwich Village" (2001), "A Walk Through Central Park" (2001), "A Walk Through Newark" (2002), "A Walk Through Hoboken" (2003), "A Walk Through Queens" (2004), "A Walk Through the Bronx" (2005), and "A Walk Around Staten Island" (2007).


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: In North Carolina, Hartman is also heard on North Carolina Public Radio and WCPE-FM as host of the North Carolina Symphony radio broadcasts. For the television documentaries he has done, Hartman would win several Emmy and journalist awards.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman was the 2017 recipient of the National Association of Broadcasters Distinguished Service Award.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

text: Hartman was married to Maureen Downey from 1974 until her death on September 17, 1997. In 2001, he married Mary Clark Putman, a widowed homemaker. He has four children from his first marriage.


title: Morning sickness

text: Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting. Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day. Typically the symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy. About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy. A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.


title: Morning sickness

text: The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may relate to changing levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. Some have proposed that morning sickness may be useful from an evolutionary point of view. Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out. Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.


title: Morning sickness

text: Taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy may decrease the risk. Specific treatment other than a bland diet may not be required for mild cases. If treatment is used the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is recommended initially. There is limited evidence that ginger may be useful. For severe cases that have not improved with other measures methylprednisolone may be tried. Tube feeding may be required in women who are losing weight.


title: Morning sickness

text: Morning sickness affects about 70–80% of all pregnant women to some extent. About 60% of women experience vomiting. Hyperemesis gravidarum occurs in about 1.6% of pregnancies. Morning sickness can negatively affect quality of life, result in decreased ability to work while pregnant, and result in health-care expenses. Generally, mild to moderate cases have no effect on the fetus, and most severe cases also have normal outcomes. Some women choose to have an abortion due to the severity of symptoms. Complications such as Wernicke encephalopathy or esophageal rupture may occur, but very rarely.


title: Morning sickness

text: About 66% of women have both nausea and vomiting while 33% have just nausea. Symptoms of both nausea and vomiting will normally climax around 10 and 16 weeks of pregnancy, subsiding around 20 weeks. However, after around 22 weeks, up to 10% of women continue to have lingering symptoms.


title: Morning sickness

text: The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may relate to changing levels of estrogen and the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. Some have proposed that morning sickness may be useful from an evolutionary point of view, arguing that morning sickness may protect both the pregnant woman and the developing embryo just when the fetus is most vulnerable. Diagnosis should only occur after other possible causes have been ruled out. Abdominal pain, fever, or headaches are typically not present in morning sickness.


title: Morning sickness

text: Morning sickness may be an evolved trait that protects the fetus against toxins ingested by the mother. Independent Scholar-Biologist Margie Profet from Seattle was one of the first to investigate the morning sickness-mystery. She argued that nausea and food aversions during pregnancy evolved to impose dietary restrictions on the mother in the early weeks of pregnancy, when the mother and the embryo are most immunologically vulnerable, to minimize fetal exposure to toxins such as mutagens and teratogens. A woman and her embryo are very vulnerable to toxins during pregnancy. By reducing exposure to such chemicals, morning sickness reduces impairments on normal embryonic development and increases the reproductive success of the mother and survival success of both the mother and her offspring. Evidence in support of this theory includes:


title: Morning sickness

text: Women who have "no" morning sickness are more likely to miscarry. This may be because such women are more likely to ingest substances that are harmful to the fetus.


title: Morning sickness

text: In addition to protecting the fetus, morning sickness may also protect the mother. A pregnant woman's immune system is suppressed during pregnancy, presumably to reduce the chances of rejecting tissues of her own offspring. Because of this, animal products containing parasites and harmful bacteria can be especially dangerous to pregnant women. There is evidence that morning sickness is often triggered by animal products including meat and fish.


title: Morning sickness

text: If morning sickness is a defense mechanism against the ingestion of toxins, the prescribing of anti-nausea medication to pregnant women may have the undesired side effect of causing birth defects or miscarriages by encouraging harmful dietary choices.


title: Morning sickness

text: Also morning sickness is a defense mechanism because when analyzing embryonic growth, several critical periods are identified in which there is mass proliferation and cell division resulting in the development of the heart and central nervous system that are very sensitive. In that period, the fetus is most at risk from damage to toxins and mutagens. These developments occur through week 6-18 which is in the same time frame in which the most nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) occurs. This relationship between the time at which the embryo is most susceptible to toxins lines up exactly with when the most severe NVP symptoms are seen, suggesting that this NVP is an evolutionary response developed in the mother, to indicate the sensitivity of the fetus hence making her wary to her health and in turn protecting the fetus.


title: Morning sickness

text: There is a lack of good evidence to support the use of any particular intervention for morning sickness.


title: Morning sickness

text: A number of antiemetics are effective and safe in pregnancy including: pyridoxine/doxylamine, antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine), metoclopramide, and phenothiazines (such as promethazine). With respect to effectiveness it is unknown if one is superior to another. In the United States and Canada, the doxylamine-pyridoxine combination (as Diclegis in US and Diclectin in Canada) is the only approved pregnancy category "A" prescription treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.


title: Morning sickness

text: Ondansetron may be beneficial, but there are some concerns regarding an association with cleft palate, and there is little high quality data. Metoclopramide is also used and relatively well tolerated. Evidence for the use of corticosteroids is weak.


title: Morning sickness

text: Some studies support the use of ginger, but overall the evidence is limited and inconsistent. Safety concerns have been raised regarding its anticoagulant properties.


title: Morning sickness

text: In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries by women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant resulted in the "biggest man‐made medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as phocomelia, as well as thousands of miscarriages.


title: Morning sickness

text: Thalidomide was introduced in 1953 as a tranquilizer, and was later marketed by the German pharmaceutical company Chemie Grünenthal under the trade name Contergan as a medication for anxiety, trouble sleeping, "tension", and morning sickness. It was introduced as a sedative and medication for morning sickness without having been tested on pregnant women. While initially deemed to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects were noted in 1961, and the medication was removed from the market in Europe that year.


The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is an educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. This agency accredits over 13,000 public and private educational institutions ranging from preschool to college level in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.


title: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools

text: SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, as well as schools for US students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.


text: There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.


text: The first SACS was founded in 1895 and is currently made up of Council on Accreditation and School Improvement and the Commission on Colleges which existed since 1912. It also works with the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the Association of Specialized and Professional Accreditors.


text: The SACS Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) accredits universities and colleges in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Latin America (Extraterritorial).


text: Every six months, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges publishes an online report on its accreditation actions, including reaffirmations of accreditation and public sanctions of institutions of higher learning. The reports include specific public sanctions of schools and statements disclosing why those institutions have been placed on sanction.


text: The Commission on Colleges accredits both public and private institutions of higher education in the United States, including some community colleges as well as four-year institutions. As a regional accreditor, SACSCOC accreditation extends to all of the educational programs offered at the accredited institution.


text: Institutions in Latin America accredited by SACSCOC include the Mexican universities of Fundación Universidad de las Américas, Puebla; Universidad de las Americas, A.C.; Universidad de Monterrey; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas (INCAE or the Central American Institute of Business Administration) in Costa Rica and Nicaragua; and Keiser University Latin American Campus in Nicaragua. The SACSCOC has also accredited the American University in Dubai.


text: SACS CASI accredits over 13,000 primary, middle, and secondary schools, as well as school systems located in the SACS region. In 2006, AdvancED was established with the unification of SACS CASI, NCA CASI, and NSSE creating the world's largest education community. Today, SACS CASI acts as an accreditation division of AdvancED, now known as Cognia.


text: On December 9, 2018, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools had excluded Bennett College from its membership due to failure of completion of the chapter 13, section 1 of the Principles of Accreditation. During the same year, they have suspended membership of the Loyola University New Orleans for the same reason and set up special committees to Johnson University and Prairie View A&M University for the full year. Due to this process, Memphis Theological Seminary was denied reaffirmation and was put on warning for a year, citing the lack of financial responsibilities and institutional planning.


text: The SACS had also put full year and half year warnings on the Denmark Technical and Roanoke–Chowan Community Colleges, citing lack of governing board characteristics, as well as financial federal and state responsibilities and conflict of interest, among others. The SACS also had denied faculty change to Ferrum College and a change from private to public to the Florida National University.


text: In 2018 a merger between College of Biblical Studies and Crossroads Bible College had been proposed and accepted with the common name of the institution will be College of Biblical Studies-Houston per Substantive Change Committee. During the same year, a merge between Keiser and Walford Universities was also called in. As of 2019, the institution is called Keiser University as was agreed upon by the Substantive Change Committee.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Frederick Dent Grant (May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912) was a soldier and United States minister to Austria-Hungary. Grant was the first son of General and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and Julia Grant. He was named after his uncle, Frederick Dent.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: His father was in the United States Army when Frederick was born in St. Louis, Missouri. The family moved as the senior Grant was assigned to posts in Michigan and New York. Frederick spent his early childhood at his paternal grandparents' house while his father was stationed on the West Coast. After his father's resignation from the army, the family lived in St. Louis and in Galena, Illinois.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Grant attended public school in Galena until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Grant's father organized a volunteer regiment and was made colonel. Frederick accompanied his father when the regiment was sent to northern Missouri, but he was sent home when it arrived. He then rejoined his father off and on during several campaigns during the war. Eager to be a part of the action, Frederick put himself in harm's way many times while with his father. This happened for the last time during the decisive battle that ended the Siege of Vicksburg. During the battle, Frederick rode off onto the field and was shot in the leg by a Confederate sniper. Normally his wound would have called for amputation; however, possibly due to his military aspirations or his father's rank, this did not occur. Despite a painful infection, doctors were able to save his leg. In his weakened state, Frederick fell victim to typhoid fever, which was common in Union camps during the war, but made a full recovery.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: On June 1, 1870, the first African American cadet, James Webster Smith, from South Carolina, was admitted into the United States Military Academy. Smith was sponsored by Senator Adelbert Ames of Mississippi and nominated by Representative Solomon L. Hoge of South Carolina. Smith was handpicked for his outstanding character and scholarly ability by David Clark, a northern philanthropist. While at West Point, Smith was forced to endure intense racism and violence, and was shunned by other West Point attendees. Frederick Dent Grant has been accused of having been one of Smith's harassers.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: While Grant was named as one of the chief persecutors by William McFeely in his 1981 biography of Ulysses S. Grant, quoted as saying to his father, then President, that "no "damned nigger" will ever graduate from West Point," recent scholarship has raised questions about McFeely's sources. The evidence McFeely employs to assert Grant's racism comes from an entirely separate hazing incident in 1870 involving a number of white cadets that Smith was never involved with. In a January 1871 investigation of the hazing, Grant testified to the Committee on Military Affairs that he was aware of the prank, that he supported it, and that he did nothing to stop it. McFeely conflates Grant's testimony from this case with the separate court martial cases against Smith to make it look like he was aware of and supported Smith's harassment. In actuality, Grant never testified in Smith's cases, nor did he admit to playing any role in his harassment. In addition, the inflammatory racism cited by McFeely was described by a witness who was not present at the meeting.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Smith was later discharged after failing an unconventional private examination by Professor Peter Michie. While Grant denied being a leader of the cadets who hazed Smith for being an African American, there is evidence to suggest he actively participated. Smith died of tuberculosis in 1876 and was granted a posthumous commission in the United States Army in 1997.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Upon graduating from West Point, Grant was assigned to the 4th U.S. Cavalry Regiment. He took a leave of absence to work with the Union Pacific Railroad as a civil engineer. Late in 1871, he was aide-de-camp to General William Tecumseh Sherman in Europe. He rejoined the 4th Cavalry in Texas in 1872.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: In 1873, he was assigned to the staff of General Philip Sheridan and promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was on a Yellowstone Expedition and was with George Armstrong Custer during the Black Hills expedition.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: His daughter Julia was born on June 6, 1876. Grant received leave to travel to Washington, D.C. for her birth.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Frederick Grant resigned from the U.S. Army in 1881, and assisted his father in preparing the latter's memoirs. During this time, he was in business in New York City.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: In 1887, he ran on the Republican ticket for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Frederick Cook. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison appointed him the U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary. After Grover Cleveland became president in March 1893, Grant continued in his post until his successor presented his credentials on June 8, 1893.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Grant became a commissioner of police in New York City in 1894, an office he held until 1898. He served on the Police Commission along with future President Theodore Roosevelt.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: When the Spanish–American War started in 1898, Grant was commissioned as colonel of the 14th New York Volunteers on May 2, 1898, and was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on the 27th of the same month. He arrived in Ponce, Puerto Rico on August 16 and participated in the occupation of Puerto Rico under General Nelson Miles.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: In 1899, Grant was sent to the Philippines for service in the Philippine–American War. He arrived in Manilla on June 19 and was given command of 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 8th Corps (southern line) on July 1. On February 18, 1901, he was commissioned a brigadier general in the Regular Army. He remained in the Philippines until October 1902.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: When he returned to the United States, he held various commands and was promoted to major general in February 1906. On July 25, 1910, he was made commander of the Department of the East. On July 11, 1911, he became commander for the Eastern Division which included the Department of the East and the Department of the Gulf.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Frederick Dent Grant died of cancer, the same disease that had claimed his father, and diabetes in the Hotel Buckingham near Fort Jay on Governors Island in New York City on April 12, 1912. At the time of his death, Grant was the second most senior officer on active duty in the U.S. Army after Major General Leonard Wood. His funeral service was held in the chapel at Fort Jay and he was buried in the West Point Cemetery.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Grant was a hereditary companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States by right of his father's service in the Civil War. He joined the Military Order of Foreign Wars as a Hereditary Companion in 1896 (of which he also became a Veteran Companion after the Spanish–American War in 1898). He was also a member of the Aztec Club of 1847, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America and the Military Order of the Carabao.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: In 1874, Grant married Ida Marie Honoré (1854–1930), the daughter of Henry Hamilton Honoré, who made his fortune in Chicago real estate. Ida Marie's sister was Bertha Palmer, the wife of Chicago businessman Potter Palmer. They were married in Chicago and had two children:


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Through his daughter, Grant was the grandfather of Prince Michael Mikhailovich Cantacuzène, Princess Bertha Mikhailovna, and Princess Zenaida Mikhailovna, who married Sir John Coldbrook Hanbury-Williams, son of Major-General Sir John Hanbury-Williams.


title: Frederick Dent Grant

text: Through his son Ulysses, Grant was the grandfather of three girls, Edith Clara Grant (1908–1995), who married David Wood Griffiths, Clara Frances Grant (1912–2005), who married Paul Ernest Ruestow, and Julia Grant, who married John S. Dietz.


title: Time in Portugal

text: Portugal has two time zones and observes daylight saving time. Continental Portugal and Madeira use , while the Azores use . Daylight saving time (locally known as "Hora de Verão", meaning "summer time") is observed nationwide from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October, when continental Portugal and Madeira advances one hour to , and the Azores advances one hour to .


title: Time in Portugal

text: In the early 19th century, Portugal adopted mean solar time. Navy (located in Lisbon) and Coimbra Astronomical Observatories calculated solar time to be used as legal time in their longitude regions. In 1861, the Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon was founded and, in 1878, it was tasked with the exclusive competence of calculate its mean solar time and to transmit it to rest of the country’s public services. Thus, in practice, Portuguese standard time was defined as the mean solar time at Lisbon Observatory longitude, which was later calculated as being GMT–00:36:45.


title: Time in Portugal

text: In 1911, it was agreed that standard time in Portugal should be defined in accordance with the 1884 prime meridian system. By the Decree of 26 May 1911, a reform was approved regarding standard time in Portugal and in its overseas Empire: although most of continental Portugal is located west of the 7º 30'W meridian (i.e. in the theoretical zone of time zone), mainland Portugal adopted as its time zone. By the same law, time zone was adopted for the Azores and Cape Verde, for Madeira and Portuguese Guinea, for São Tomé and Príncipe and São João Baptista de Ajudá, for Angola, for Mozambique, for Portuguese India and for Macau and Portuguese Timor. These time zones were adopted on 1 January 1912.


title: Time in Portugal

text: Daylight saving time ("Hora de Verão", or "summer time", in Portuguese) was observed for the first time in 1916, during World War I, and it consisted in advancing clocks by one hour. In that year, DST was observed from 17 June to 1 November but in following years until 1921, it was observed from 1 June to 14 October.


title: Time in Portugal

text: DST continued to be observed every year in 1920s and 1930s, although some small interruptions had occurred (1922–1923, 1925, 1930 and 1933), as well as the start and end date of DST, which often varied.


title: Time in Portugal

text: Between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, Portugal not only advanced clocks by one hour during DST, as also advanced them by another hour during some months of those years, coming to have clocks two hours ahead of GMT, effectively observing "double DST". Portugal returned to GMT following the end of the war in 1945, and one hour of DST continued to be observed. In 1948, it was approved that DST should be observed from the first Sunday in April to the first Sunday in October.