title: International Film Festival of India

text: The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. Held annually, currently in the state of Goa, on the western coast of the country, the festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: The 1st edition of IFFI was organized by the Films Division, Government of India, with the patronage of the first Prime Minister of India. Held in Mumbai from 24 January to 1 February 1952, the Festival was subsequently taken to Madras, Delhi, Calcutta and Trivandrum. In all it had about 40 features and 100 short films. In Delhi, the IFFI was inaugurated by Prime Minister Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 21 February 1952.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: The first edition was non-competitive, and had 23 countries including the United States participating with 40 feature films and about a hundred short films. The Indian entries for the festival were "Awara" (Hindi), "Pathala Bhairavi" (Telugu), "Amar Bhoopali" (Marathi) and "Babla" (Bengali). This was the first International Film Festival held anywhere in Asia. The notable world panorama during the festival were "Bicycle Thieves", "Miracle in Milan", and "Rome, Open City" from Italy. "Yukiwarisoo" (Japan), "The Dancing Fleese" (UK), "The River" (USA) and "The Fall of Berlin" (USSR).


title: International Film Festival of India

text: It was for the first time that the Indian Film Industry was exposed to a vast range of outstanding post-war era films. From the 3rd edition in January 1965, IFFI became competitive. It has since then moved to Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala. In 1975 the Filmotsav, non-competitive and to be held in other film-making cities in alternate years, was introduced. Later, Filmotsavs were merged into IFFI. In 2004 the IFFI was moved to Goa from Trivandrum. Since then IFFI has been an annual event and competitive.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: The venue for the second festival held in 1961 which was also non-competitive was New Delhi. The third edition of the festival was chaired by Satyajit Ray. For the first time the festival became competitive, and was graded ‘A’ category by the Paris – based Federation International de Producers de Films. With this recognition the festival in India came on par with Cannes, Berlin, Venice, Karlovy Vary, and Moscow International film festivals.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: Following this recognition, India adopted, at its fifth festival in 1975, a permanent insignia. This comprises a representation of the peacock, India’s national bird, with a permanent motto of the festival ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (The whole world is a family). The same year it was decided to hold a non-competitive festival of festival films (Filmotsav) alternating with IFFI. While the Filmotsavs were organized at major film – producing centres of India, IFFI was held in New Delhi only.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: The venue being the same for all festivals, the fourth and fifth festivals were held from 5–18 December 1969 and 30 December 1974-12 January 1975 respectively. From the sixth festival onwards the period, as well as the dates for the festival, were fixed as 3–17 January every alternate year. The sixth festival was held in 1977 and silver peacock for best actor, actress, and director was awarded for the first time. A film market was also set up for the first time by the IMPEC. The Indian Panorama section was instituted from this edition.


title: International Film Festival of India

text: Following a decision taken in August 1988 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that 3 more editions of festivals in future will be interim non-competitive, and all festivals would be called International Film Festival of India (IFFI). The "Filmotsavs" and IFFI 90-91-92 together constituted 23 editions of the festival


title: International Film Festival of India

text: Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the International Film Festival of India, became globally competitive, and moved to its permanent venue Goa, and is being held during the months of November and December of each year.


title: Adi Irani

text: Adi Irani is an Indian actor who has worked in Bollywood films. He also did the role of V. P. Menon in 2013 TV show "Pradhanmantri". He is brother of director-producer Indra Kumar and Bollywood actress Aruna Irani. He has also acted in TV serials like "Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli", "Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai".


title: Adi Irani

text: Adi Irani's wife name is Dawn Irani and the couple has two daughters named Anaida Irani and Araaya Irani.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: Gabriel Soto Díaz (born April 17, 1975) is a Mexican actor and model. He won the national male pageant El Modelo Mexico, and placed first runner-up in Mister World 1996. He was also a member of the former Mexican boy band Kairo, and acts in telenovelas.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: He began modeling at age 18 after participating in the Mister World contest in 1996 in Istanbul, Turkey, and becoming the first runner-up.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 1997, Gabriel joined the band Kairo replacing Eduardo Verástegui. The albums he participated were "Libres" and "Pasiones".


title: Gabriel Soto

text: He has participated in several soap operas in which he managed to convince the public and the critics with his performance.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: Mi querida Isabel was the first soap opera in which Gabriel acted, followed by Alma Rebelde, Mi destino eres tú, and Carita de ángel leading his most important role, playing Ulises "ugly" in the soap opera Amigas y rivales produced by Emilio Larrosa.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2002, Soto appeared in the soap opera Las vías del amor with Aracely Arambula and Jorge Salinas which was produced by Emilio Larrosa.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2004, he was cast in the soap opera Mujer de Madera, produced by Emilio Larrosa, starring in one of the main roles alongside Edith Gonzalez, who would later be replaced by Ana Patricia Rojo. In this telenovela he also worked with Jaime Camil and Maria Sorte.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2005, following his return from Los Angeles where he took courses in acting for film, boxing classes, and surf, Soto competed in the Mexican version of Dancing with the Stars.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: Then, in 2006, he starred in the telenovela La Verdad Oculta produced by Emilio Larrosa, next to Galilea Montijo Alejandra Barros and Eduardo Yanez, who after being away for many years from telenovelas returned to join the cast.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2007, Gabriel starred in the soap opera Bajo las riendas del amor, an adaptation of Cuando llega el amor.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2008, he joined the Lucero Suárez. produced Querida Enemiga as a protagonist alongside Ana Layevska, Jorge Aravena and María Rubio.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2009, he participated in Sortilegio, produced by Carla Estrada, in which he played Fernando Alanis, before touring the United States with the play "Sortilegio, el show".


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2011, he appeared in La Fuerza del Destino, produced by Rosy Ocampo, as Camilo Galvan, one of the protagonists. The telenovela also starred David Zepeda, Sandra Echeverria, Laisha Wilkins and Juan Ferrara.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2012, he starred in Un Refugio para el Amor with Zuria Vega, playing the role of Rodrigo Torreslanda.


title: Gabriel Soto

text: In 2013, he starred as the protagonist (alongside Gloria Trevi) in Emilio Larrosa's telenovela: "Libre para amarte".


title: Gabriel Soto

text: His last starring role was as Maximiliano Bustamante in the universally acclaimed telenovela Yo no creo en los hombres where he also garnered critical appraisal.


title: Throwball

text: Throwball is a non-contact ball sport played across a net between two teams of nine players on a rectangular court.


title: Throwball

text: Throwball is popular in Asia, especially on the Indian subcontinent, and was first played in India as a women's sport in Chennai during the 1940s. Like volleyball, the game's roots are linked with the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association). Both volleyball and Newcomb ball, while older games, share many similarities with throwball. Throwball rules were first drafted in 1955 and India's first national level championship was played in 1980.


title: Throwball

text: According to the Throwball Federation of India (TFI), throwball is thought to derive from a recreational sport popular among women in England and Australia during the 1930s. The YMCA brought the game to Chennai, where it was played as a women's sport in the 1940s.


title: Throwball

text: Harry Crowe Buck, who founded the YMCA College of Physical Education in Chennai, drafted guidelines for throwball rules and regulations in 1955. In addition, Mr. Jagat Singh Chauhan was the founder/father of throwball, handball, and netball in India. The game reached Bangalore in the 1950s.


title: Throwball

text: Throwball Federation of India (TFI) was formed along with the Indian National Throwball Championship. By 1990, Throwball in India developed separate competitions for both men and women.


title: Throwball

text: The playing court is somewhat larger than a volleyball court at with a neutral box on either side of the center. The height of the net is .


title: Throwball

text: The ball is similar to a volleyball but may be slightly larger. While in volleyball the ball is hit or "volleyed" throughout play, in throwball the ball is thrown over the net, where a member of the other team tries to catch the ball and quickly throw it back across the net.


title: Throwball

text: An official game is played between two teams of nine or seven players. A minimum of three or five substitute players are allowed for each team, which can make a maximum of three substitutions during a set. A team can take two time-outs of 30 seconds each during a set. The first team to score 25 points wins a set. A match is three sets.


title: Throwball

text: Service is within five seconds after the referee whistles and is done from the "service zone", without crossing the "end line". A player can jump while serving the ball. The "service ball" must not touch the net. Double touch is not allowed for receiving the service ball and players stay in 2-3-2 position during the serve.


title: Throwball

text: During a rally, the ball must be caught at once with both hands, without any movement of the ball within the hands ("dubs") and the ball should not have contact with the ground. The ball is thrown within three seconds after being caught, only from above the shoulder line and only with one hand. A player can jump when throwing the ball, which can touch the net (but not the antenna). The player should have contact with the ground when catching the ball. However, the ball is not touched by any part of the body other than the palm when catching or throwing ("body touch"). The ball can neither be shifted (passed) to the left or right nor deliberately pushed. Two players are not allowed to catch the ball simultaneously.


title: Throwball

text: In official play, teams wear shorts and jersey uniform with numbers only in the range of 1–12 printed front and back.


title: Throwball

text: Throwball is gaining popularity in India as a competitive sport. The Indian authorities of throwball were instrumental in organizing the Asian level and later, the world level association for the sport, the International Throwball Association. Throwball is a popular sport played in gym class, colleges, and clubs throughout Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. It has been slowly gaining popularity in other countries such as France, Australia, Brazil, Canada and the United Kingdom.


title: Throwball

text: Mr. Jagat Singh Chauhan was founder/father of handball, netball and Throwball in India. In India, the National Throwball Championship is organized by the Throwball Federation of India.


title: Throwball

text: A Junior International Throwball Match was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in December 2015; eight countries participated.


title: Shayne Lamas

text: Shayne Dahl Lamas (born November 6, 1985) is an American reality television personality and actress. She is known as the winner of the twelfth season of "The Bachelor".


title: Shayne Lamas

text: Shayne Lamas was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Lorenzo Lamas and Michele Smith. Her brother is actor AJ Lamas. Her grandparents were Argentine actor Fernando Lamas and American actress Arlene Dahl.


title: Shayne Lamas

text: Lamas won season 12 of ABC's "", with , who proposed to her on the season finale. Lamas has been in "Leave it to Lamas", "General Hospital", " Air America", "The 13th Alley" and "In The Pines".


title: Shayne Lamas

text: Lamas was engaged to British bachelor Matt Grant after winning ABC's . Grant proposed to Lamas in the show's season finale. In July 2008, amid rumors of a split, Lamas and Matt Grant announced they were no longer engaged. "We tried hard to make it work but we realized that we were both heading in different directions," the duo said in a statement. "We truly care about each other and will remain close friends."


title: Shayne Lamas

text: Lamas went on to marry Nik Richie eight hours after meeting in Las Vegas’ in A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 18, 2010. Lamas gave birth to their daughter Press Dahl Lamas-Richie on November 11, 2011. Lamas second child, a son named Lyon Lamas-Richie was born via surrogate.


title: Shayne Lamas

text: On May 10, 2021, Shayne and Nik announced, via Instagram, that after 11 years of marriage they were getting a divorce.


title: Pa Paandi

text: Pa Paandi (also known by its former title Power Paandi) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film, written and directed by Dhanush in his directorial debut. He also produced the movie under his studio Wunderbar Films. The film revolves around Pa Paandi (played by Rajkiran in the titular role), a retired ex-stunt master in the film industry, travels to Hyderabad to seek out for freedom, and also to reunite with his old village lover. Revathi, Prasanna and Chaya Singh play supporting roles in the film. Dhanush, who produced and directed the film, portray a cameo appearance in the film as the younger version of the protagonist, while Madonna Sebastian, Gautham Vasudev Menon and Dhivyadarshini too played cameo roles.


title: Pa Paandi

text: The film was announced on 5 September 2016, announcing the title of the film, with a poster release, and the commencement of Principal photography took place on the same day. The filming took place in Chennai, Hyderabad and Madurai. Initially the film was titled "Power Paandi", the makers changed its title to "Pa Paandi" to seek tax exemption for the film. The music was composed by Sean Roldan, while Velraj and Prasanna G. K. handled the film's cinematography and editing respectively.


title: Pa Paandi

text: "Pa Paandi" was released on 14 April 2017, coinciding with the Tamil New Year's Day, receiving positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success. This movie was remade in Kannada as "Ambi Ning Vayassaytho" was released in 2018.


title: Pa Paandi

text: Power Paandi (Rajkiran), an ex-stuntmaster in the Tamil cinema industry, is now leading a retired life with his son Raghavan (Prasanna) and family. Paandi is very close to his grandchildren Dhruv (Master Raghavan) and Shaksha (Baby Chavi). He could not sit idle at home and gets involved in other issues outside his house, which brings trouble to Raghavan. He also tries to keep him occupied by going for some part-time jobs like a gym instructor, sidekick, and cinema stuntman, but nothing fulfills him. This brings friction between Paandi and Raghavan.


title: Pa Paandi

text: Paandi, seeking his freedom, goes out of his house with his old bullet and final day savings. On his way, he sees a bunch of old people riding their bikes like him, and narrates his first love experience with them. He shares about how he (Dhanush as young Paandi) met Poonthendral (Madonna Sebastian) for the first time, how they fell in love, and how they were separated. He tells them that he is on a journey to find Poonthendral again. An old man in that group helps Paandi locate Poonthendral. Paandi messages Poonthendral, who has now settled in Hyderabad, as he was in her place and was eager to meet her again.


title: Pa Paandi

text: Finally, Poonthendral (Revathi) agrees to meet him in a restaurant, and both of them meet, remembering all the by-gone days. They post their meet on social media and express happiness for each other's life. Paandi proposes to Poonthendral to live the rest of their life together. Poonthendral, who was initially reluctant at his decision, later convinces herself about his companionship and asks him to come to her house the next day for a lunch and to meet her family (her daughter and granddaughter).


title: Pa Paandi

text: Back at Chennai, Raghavan realizes his mistake and start searching for his father everywhere. Dhruv locates Paandi using social media and finally comes to Poonthendral's house at Hyderabad to take Paandi back with them. When Paandi comes to Poonthendral's house for lunch, he gets reunited with Raghavan's family. Poonthendral and Paandi realize that their life has to go this way and decide to be in touch with each other for the rest of their lives. With much emotional bursts, Paandi leaves Poonthendral's house with Raghavan, waving his hands in air without seeing her, to which she responds.


title: Pa Paandi

text: On 7 September 2016, Dhanush announced his directorial debut titled "Power Paandi", with a first look poster being released to the media, and also producing the film under his production house, Wunderbar Films. The film has Rajkiran playing the title role as "Power Paandi" and Prasanna playing a prominent role, as Rajkiran's son, while Sean Roldan, Velraj and Prasanna G. K. became a part of the film's technical crew as its music director, cinematographer and editor respectively. Actresses Revathi and Chaya Singh agreed to work on the film. Dhanush too played a cameo role in this film as the younger version of the protagonist, while Madonna Sebastian plays Dhanush's love interest. Gautham Vasudev Menon, Robo Shankar, Dhivyadharshini too play cameo appearances, along with Stunt Silva and Baba Bhaskar who also choreographed the action scenes and dance sequences.


title: Pa Paandi

text: The film began production on the day of its public announcement. In April 2017, the title was changed from "Power Paandi" to "Pa Paandi" to seek tax exemption.


title: Pa Paandi

text: The music and score of the film were composed by Sean Roldan. The soundtrack album features six tracks written by Dhanush and directors Selvaraghavan and Raju Murugan. In an official press meet for the film, Dhanush stated Sean Roldan as the soul of "Power Paandi", further adding that "It was so surprising to see that both our thoughts and creative expressions were same, which helped us bring out some good music with this film." Most of the songs were melodious and nostalgic themes. Dhanush wrote and sang a number "Soorakaththu" for the film. The song "Venpani Malare" written by Dhanush, features both male and female versions sung by Sean Roldan and Shweta Mohan, and an additional version sung by Dhanush was released later. The tracklist was released on 7 March 2017, on the production company's official Twitter account, and the complete album was released in on 9 March 2017. An additional version of "Venpani Malare" which was sung by Dhanush was included as a part of the soundtrack album on 27 March 2017. The male version of the song "Venpani Malare" was only featured in the film itself.


title: Pa Paandi

text: Upon its release, the album received predominantly positive reviews from critics, and also from celebrities. Behindwoods.com rated the soundtrack album 3.25 out of 5, and gave a verdict "A musically brilliant album with fervently composed tracks." Moviecrow rated the soundtrack album 3.25/5 and summarised it as "Sean Roldan produces another winner soundtrack with Power Paandi and Dhanush's penchant for Ilyaraja'esque music is apparent throughout the soundtrack." MusicAloud rated the album 3.5 out of 5 and stated that "Composer Sean Roldan's most mainstream movie project to date has a decidedly derivative sound, but is also very effective. Solid start for the Dhanush-Sean Roldan team. Hope this also means more soundtracks per year from the composer." BollywoodLife rated the album 3.5/5 and finalised it that "Sean Roldan has created a promising album for Dhanush's directorial debut. On hearing each song, you realise, there is a uniform theme being followed (subtle drum beats), despite that he has managed to make each song stand out. There is a jazzy feel to his compositions that makes it unique yet relatable. You must give this album a try because, when somebody creates songs that stir emotions it should not be missed." Sify rated the album 3 out of 5, with a verdict "Sean Roldan's big ticket to the top league." Hindustan Times rated the album 4 out of 5. Indiaglitz rated the album 2.75 out of 5. Top10 Cinema reviewed it as "One of the beautiful albums in recent times…"


title: Pa Paandi

text: CurrentlyGlobally.com gave the movie 3 stars and mentioned "Just watch this perfect positive summer movie with family - for the great thought, Raj Kiran, and Revathi, in the same order". The satellite rights of the film were bagged by STAR Vijay.


title: Pa Paandi

text: The film was remade in Kannada as "Ambi Ning Vayassaytho" starring Ambarish in the titular role and produced by actor Sudeep. Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "But here's why Pa Paandi works. Rajkiran. He exudes such grandfatherly warmth, it's impossible not to care for him. And as the second half unfolds, the story picks up too."


title: 100 Days of Love

text: 100 Days of Love is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film written and directed by debutant Jenuse Mohamed. The film stars Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen in the lead roles. The film released worldwide on 20 March 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics. Dialogues were written by Duo writers M R Vibin and Suhail Ibrahim. Production controller is Sanjay Padiyoor


title: 100 Days of Love

text: The film was dubbed in Marathi as Shambhar Divas Premache and released on B4U Marathi YouTube Channel, Kannada, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu and Hindi with the same name. Telugu dubbing rights were bought by Abhishek Pictures, who released the film across Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka among several other states on 26 August 2016.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Balan K. Nair, who calls himself BKN, is a reporter in a famous daily based in Bangalore. After insulting his ex-girlfriend on Facebook in a drunken state, Balan feels like his life is not in sync. He is the "loser" of his family, since his brother Rocky K. Nair; is a successful doctor. He left his parents' house to become a columnist. He lives with his close aid Ummar, who is a foodie and an avid computer gamer. One day, Balan meets Sheela when they both get into a taxi at the same time. Balan sees her and instantly falls in love. As the taxi drives away, Balan sees Sheela's bag lying on the floor. Inside the bag, there is an old camera with photo of certain places and certain people in Bangalore. Balan and Ummer use the pictures as clues to try to find Sheela.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Just as Balan begins to lose hope, he meets Sheela at a hospital by chance, where Sheela reveals that she already knows Balan. Apparently, Balan was her bully back when they were in school, and she was also the reason that the whole school ended up hating him and calling him a Loser. He immediately tries to avoid Sheela in the future. However, she keeps meeting him and poses as his girlfriend in his ex-girlfriend's marriage. Due to this, he is avoided from an embarrassing situation and doesn't lose face in front of his elder brother and his ex-girlfriend. He realizes that she is good-natured and they become very good friends.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: After a series of meetings & sights, at one of the meeting Balan invites Sheela to a candle-light dinner, where all the comical & embarrassing situations happen which in turn closens their bondage. Balan cooks food & hosts a date-like dinner party to impress Sheela. They start to enjoy the meal. Eventually they both begin to talk & Balan starts enquiring Sheela about her future endeavours & there he gets to know some interesting things about her, that she is enjoying life after her studies & also learns about her boyfriend Rahul & her thoughts about marriage & love. Then after the dinner, Balan hands over the lost camera to Sheela, she is delighted & ends up warmly hugging Balan & asks him to join the party that she's attending on the eve of new year. Balan overwhelmingly accepts the invitation & says he's been eagerly waiting to join her & both of them leave to the party.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: After reaching the pub, Balan parks the car near a tree & both of them get down to enjoy the party. But in the meantime they realise that Ummar hasn't reached yet, then Balan calls Ummar on a phone, while Sheela goes missing & Balan goes in search of her,but doesn't find her. After a while near the other end of the parking space, Balan finds Sheela who is vomiting. And he's really shocked to watch her vomit as it surprises him, but gazing at her Balan feels sorry & confirms if she is ok.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: After a while when Sheela turns behind, Balan goes missing. While she walks further in search of Balan. She finds a group of people anxiously staring at Balan who is struck beside a tree, tightly pressing against his stomach & forcibly letting the contents out, suddenly in fraction of seconds Balan retches loudly & starts vomiting all that he ate. Later they both are seen in a hospital where doctor confirms the reason for their vomiting bouts as "Food Poisoning".


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Later Balan lying on hospital bed apologizes Sheela, yet she acts reluctant & ignorant. Balan is distraught, suddenly crackers light up outside on the eve of new year, Balan wishes Sheela & waits for her reply. Finally after few moments, Sheela greets him back & Balan's immediate impetus to puke makes them smile, such comical situations indeed help both of them become yet great friends & Balan develops a strong bond towards Sheela.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Balan helps Sheela to take all the photos of places where her parents fell in love. For the last photo they need to find the old scooter. Balan finds the scooter and they take all the photos and Balan drops Sheela and takes the camera from her and tells her he will edit and give. That night Balan sees Rahul proposing to Sheela. Balan feels upset and lost as he has started loving her again. In the meantime Balan in drunken state comes to Sheelas' house & somehow Sheela saves Balan from falling in the eyes of her parents, but to their faith, next day morning Balan is seen lying on the floor at their house by Sheelas' parents. Later, he is relieved by Sheelas' father & Balan goes on for a coffee with Sheela & Rahul that evening. There he tries to talk to Rahul, but Rahul ends up being extremely possessive and haughty. Balan tries to win Sheela back, but she says she believes in arranged marriages and does not care about love.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: At the same time, Ummer tells Balan that he must go to the U.S to work with his dad. Balan's life spirals out of control. He begins to drink excessively, and Sheela becomes worried for Balan. On Sheela's parents' 25th anniversary, Balan forgets to bring the photos as this is the gift Sheela was planning to give her parents. Balan reaches on time but Sheela still shouts at him. When the presentation is displayed she realizes that she was included in all the photos along with her parents, which comes as a surprise for her. Later she regrets scolding Balan and goes to apologize a drunken Balan. He tells that it is easy for him to become like Rahul, however he plans to stay "original'. He also tells Sheela that he will come the next morning with the scooter if she was ready to come with him. Next day, Balan plans to go and tells Ummar to give the scooter back but he forgets about what he told the previous night. An excited Sheela comes running out hearing the sound of the scooter expecting Balan but she is disappointed to see only Ummar. They both have a conversation and they head to the railway station where Sheela confesses her love for Balan, and they both live happily ever after.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: The film's trailer released on 17 March 2015. The film released on 20 March 2015 over 80 theatres in Kerala alone and close to 175 screens in India.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Later the film was dubbed and released in Marathi on B4U Marathi YouTube Channel as Shambhar Divas Premache and also it was dubbed in Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and Hindi.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: The soundtrack of 100 Days of Love consists of 4 songs composed by Govind Menon the lyrics of which were written by Rafeeq Ahamed, Santhosh Varma and M.R. Vibin.


title: 100 Days of Love

text: Nicy V.P. of "IB Times" called the film "one of the cutest romantic comedy flicks ever made in Malayalam." She rated the film three and half stars out of five and concluded her review saying, ""100 Days of Love" is a movie which will make you feel good and assure that life is not as complicated as it appears to be." Sreelakshmi Manghat of Desimartini.com rated the film 4 out of 5 and said that the film is "sickly sweet and a different approach to rom-com from Mollywood". She called the film "one of the best releases of 2015" and stated that director Jenuse Mohamed is "definitely a talent to watch out for." Arathy Kanan of "Malayala Manorama" said, ""100 Days of Love" is breezy and great to sit through." She also stated that the director packs up "frames replete with references from all genres of movies and music." Veeyen of Nowrunning.com rated the film two out of five and said, "It takes the wine drenched words of Balan, a rain and a whole lot of thinking for Sheela to decide once and for all, as to what she truly wants from life. It takes infinitely lesser time for us to decipher what '100 Days of Love' is all about - a swoonless romance bereft of smiles or sighs." Deepa Soman of "The Times of India" rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote: "100 Days of Love is a stylish film that is nothing out of the ordinary. What is different is the treatment - humour and novelties - the director brings to table that is clever enough to keep us engaged till the last frame." Pramod Thomas of "The New Indian Express" said, "It [the film] is an old wine which tastes a tad different, and thus watchable." Akhila Menon of Filmibeat.com rated the film two and a half stars and described it as "a very fresh version of so-called clichéd love stories." "Behindwoods" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and said, "100 Days of Love is a heartwarming tale that is gentle and natural."


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt (), known in Spain by the numeronym 23-F and also known as the Tejerazo, was an attempted "coup d'état" or "putsch" in Spain on 23 February 1981. Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero led 200 armed Civil Guard officers into the Congress of Deputies during the vote to elect a President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, during which time King Juan Carlos I denounced the coup in a televised address, calling for rule of law and the democratic government to continue. The royal address fatally undermined the coup. Though shots were fired, the hostage-takers surrendered the next morning without killing anyone.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The coup attempt was linked to the Spanish transition to democracy. Four factors generated tensions that the governing Democratic Center Union (UCD) coalition of conservative parties could not contain:


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The first signs of unease in the army appeared in April 1977. Admiral Pita da Veiga resigned as Navy minister and formed the Superior Council of the Army. This was a result of Da Veiga's disagreement with the legalisation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) on 9 April 1977, following the Atocha massacre by neo-fascist terrorists. In November 1978, the Operation Galaxia military putsch was put down. Its leader, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero, was sentenced to seven months in prison.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: While seditious sentiments grew in sectors of the military and extreme right, the government faced a serious crisis at the beginning of the decade, and its position became increasingly untenable in the course of 1980. Key events saw the resignation of the Minister of Culture, Manuel Clavero on 15 January; the restructuring of the government on 3 May; the motion of no confidence against Adolfo Suarez moved by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) between 28 May and 30 May; the resignation on 22 July of the vice-president, Fernando Abril Martorell, which produced a new reshuffle in September; and the election in October of , alternative candidate of the official bid for president of the centrist parliamentary group promoted by Suárez.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The growing weakness of Suárez at the heart of his own party led to his televised resignation as prime minister and president of the UCD on 29 January 1981. On 1 February, the published an openly insurgent article in the far-right newspaper "El Alcázar", which was the mouthpiece of the "Búnker" hardliners, including Carlos Arias Navarro, Luis Carrero Blanco's successor as prime minister, and the leader of the francoist party Fuerza Nueva, Blas Piñar. From 2 to 4 February, the King and Queen traveled to Guernica, where the deputies of Basque separatist party Herri Batasuna received them with boos and hisses and various incidents. On 6 February, an engineer named Ryan from the Lemoiz nuclear project was found murdered, having been kidnapped a few days earlier. Meanwhile, there was no further news about industrialist Luis Suñer after his abduction.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: In this atmosphere of mounting tension, the process of choosing Suárez's successor began. Between 6 and 9 February, the 2nd UCD congress in Majorca made it clear that the party was unravelling and Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún was named acting prime minister. On 10 February, Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo was named candidate for prime minister.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Tensions came to a head on 13 February, when news emerged of the torture and murder in Carabanchel of José Ignacio Arregui, a member of the Basque nationalist movement ETA, who had been held incommunicado for 10 days in the General Security Directorate ("Dirección General de Seguridad)". A general strike in the Basque region and an acrimonious debate between opposing parliamentary groups in the Congress followed. The government then dismissed various police chiefs, while in the Interior Ministry there were resignations in solidarity with the torturers. "El Alcázar" newspaper judged the government's actions a show of weakness that needed to be stopped.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Against this extraordinary backdrop, Calvo Sotelo presented his proposed government on 18 February, but, during congressional voting on the 20th, he failed to obtain the necessary majority approval for confirmation as prime minister, so a new vote was scheduled for the 23rd: the day the conspirators had chosen for their coup attempt. As planned, the coup would require Tejero and General Jaime Milans del Bosch as its principal instigators, with a minor role being played by General Alfonso Armada, a confidant of King Juan Carlos I.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Several TVE cameramen and technicians filmed almost half an hour of the event, providing the world with an audiovisual record of the attempted coup (which would be broadcast several hours after it ended). Moreover, members of the private radio station SER continued their live broadcast with open microphones from within the Congress of Deputies, which meant that the general public was able to follow along by radio as events unfolded. As such, the date is sometimes remembered as "the Night of Transistor Radios" ("La noche de los transistores").


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: At 18:00, the roll-call vote for the swearing in ("investidura") of Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo as Prime Minister began in the Congress of Deputies. At 18:23, as Socialist-party deputy Manuel Núñez Encabo was standing up to cast his vote, 200 Guardia Civil agents led by Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero and armed with submachine guns, burst into congressional chambers. Tejero immediately took the Speaker's platform and shouted ""¡Quieto todo el mundo!"" ("Nobody move!"), ordering everyone to lie down on the floor.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Most of the deputies dropped to the floor, except for three: acting minister of defence and deputy prime minister General Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado, acting prime minister Adolfo Suárez, and Communist Party leader Santiago Carrillo, who calmly lit a cigarette and remained seated.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: As the highest-ranking military official present, Army General (and Deputy Prime Minister) Gutiérrez Mellado refused to comply, confronting Tejero and ordering him to stand down and hand over the weapon. Outgoing Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez made a move to join Gutiérrez Mellado, who briefly scuffled with several civil guards until Tejero fired a shot into the air, which was followed by a sustained burst of submachine-gun fire from the assailants. (The shots wounded some of the visitors in the chamber's upper gallery). Undeterred, arms akimbo in defiance, 68-year-old General Gutiérrez Mellado refused to sit down, even after Tejero attempted, unsuccessfully, to wrestle him to the floor. Their face-off ended with Tejero returning to the rostrum and Gutiérrez Mellado returning to his seat.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: After several minutes, all the deputies retook their assigned congressional seats. The captain of the Guardia Civil, Jesús Muñecas Aguilar, strode to the Speaker's platform, demanded silence and announced that all those present were to wait for the arrival of "the competent military authority."


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: At 19:35, Prime Minister Suárez stood up and asked to speak to the commanders. Shots were fired in response, and a guard flashed a submachine gun towards the deputies' seats, demanding silence. One of the assailants ordered, "Mr. Suárez, stay in your seat!" Suárez was about to reply when someone else shouted, ""siéntate maldita sea"" ("Sit down, damn it!") (Historically, this phrase is attributed to Lieutenant Colonel Tejero, although it was probably Lieutenant Ramos Rueda.) Finally, Tejero grabbed Suárez by the arm and led him forcefully to a room outside the chamber. When Suárez demanded that Tejero explain "this madness"; Tejero's only reply was ""¡todo por España!"" ("Everything for Spain!"). When Suárez pressed the point, citing his authority as prime minister ("president of the government"), Tejero - using the informal "tú" - replied, ""Tú ya no eres presidente de nada!"" ("You are no longer the president of anything!")


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Shortly afterward, five of the parliament's deputies were separated from the rest: Prime Minister Suárez; the opposition leader, Felipe González and his deputy, Alfonso Guerra González; Communist Party leader Santiago Carrillo; and the Defense minister, Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún. The insurgents' hope, in taking both the executive and legislative authorities prisoner, was to create a power vacuum that would force a new political order.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Almost at the same time, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, joined the coup with a revolt in Valencia, ordering tanks to be brought out onto the streets and declaring a general state of emergency in an attempt to convince other senior military figures to align with him in supporting the coup. At 21:00 that evening, the Director of National Security Francisco Laína published a statement on RTVE announced that, under the instructions of King Juan Carlos I, a provisional government would be formed with the undersecretaries of different ministries in order to ensure State government in alliance with the Assembly of Military Chiefs of Staff ("Junta de Jefes del Estado Mayor") and led by himself.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The coup was vehemently condemned by member countries of the EEC, especially since Spain was in preliminary negotiations for membership (eventually joining in 1986). Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the UK, called the coup a "terrorist act." Alexander Haig, US Secretary of State, described the coup as an "internal affair".


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Meanwhile, another insurgent general, Torres Rojas, failed in his attempt to oust General Juste from the Army's Armoured Division No. 1 "Brunete", resulting in Torres Rojas having to abandon his plan to take control of key strategic points in Madrid, including State radio and television headquarters and, therefore, firsthand control of the information as events unfolded.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Originally, Armada, one of the coup's conspirators, had advocated a "milder" course of action, which he then proceeded to implement. Arriving at the Palace of Zarzuela, the royal residence, Armada offered the monarch a trade-off: the king would head a new "government of salvation" that would replace the democratically elected one in the hopes of appeasing Tejero and his forces and thereby avoiding a return to the full military dictatorship the conspirators were demanding.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The King, however, refused to receive Armada, who, shortly before midnight, entered the Congress of Deputies alleging that the King had ordered him to assume leadership of the government. As Armada was not the "competent military authority" that Tejero had been waiting for, the latter rejected Armada's claims with "My general, I didn't assault Congress for this" and, after that, ignored him.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: A simultaneous rebellion in eastern Spain fizzled. Shortly after Tejero took control of the Congress, Jaime Milans del Bosch, Captain General of the III Military Region, executed his part of the coup in Valencia. Deploying 2,000 men and fifty tanks from his Motorized Division as well as troops from the port of Valencia onto the streets and into the city center, they occupied the Town Hall ("Ayuntamiento") and the Valencian judicial court building ("Las cortes valencianas"). The revolt, known as Operation Turia, was considered key if other military regions were to become involved in the coup. By 19:00, Valencian radio stations began broadcasting the state of emergency declared by Milans del Bosch, who was hoping to convince others to endorse his military action. Well into the night, Valencia was surrounded by armored military trucks and other troop units called in from the Bétera and Paterna army bases. Police snipers took their places on rooftops, military marches were played on loudspeakers and a curfew was imposed on the citizens. An armored convoy was dispatched to the Manises Air Base in order to convince the commander there to support the coup; however, the Colonel of the 11th Wing in charge of the base not only refused to comply, he threatened to deploy two fighter jets armed with air-to-ground missiles (which he claimed to have standing by with their engines running) against the tanks sent by Milans del Bosch, thereby forcing the latter to withdraw. This setback hinted the impending failure of the Madrid coup.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: King Juan Carlos refused to endorse the coup. The monarch, after protracted discussions with colleagues, was convinced of his military leaders' loyalty to himself and the Constitution. Two and a half hours after the seizure Juan Carlos phoned the president of the Government of Catalonia Jordi Pujol and assured him that everything was under control. Pujol, just before 22:00 that evening, made a short speech via national broadcasting stations inside and outside of Spain calling for peace. Until 1:00 in the morning (24 February), negotiations took place outside the Congress between the acting government as well as General Armada, who would later be relieved of his duties under suspicion that he had participated in planning the coup.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: At 1:14 on 24 February, the King of Spain appeared live on television, wearing the uniform of the Captain General of the Armed Forces ("Capitán General de los Ejércitos"), the highest Spanish military rank, to oppose the coup and its instigators, defend the Spanish Constitution and disavow the authority of Milans del Bosch. He declared:


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: From that moment on, the coup was understood to be a failure. Deputy Javier Solana stated that when he saw Tejero reading a special edition of the "El País" newspaper brought in by General Sáenz de Santamaría, which vehemently condemned the hostage situation inside the Congress, he knew that the coup had failed. For his part, Milans del Bosch, alone and thereafter isolated, abandoned his plans at 5:00 that morning and was arrested. Scores of civil guards clad in military fatigues attempted to jump out of the first floor window trying to flee. Others ran out the front door into the arms of officers who had surrounded the building through the night. The deputies were freed that morning after emerging one by one from their all night ordeal shouting "Long Live Freedom". Tejero resisted until midday on 24 February and was arrested outside the Congress building.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The event was made into a motion picture by Warner Bros. entitled "23F" (Spanish nomenclature for 23 February, when the coup took place). "Variety" reviewer Jonathan Holland said the period detail of the film was good, but the film followed the officially sanctioned version and failed to scratch beneath the surface of what really happened.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The most immediate consequence was that, as an institution, the Monarchy emerged from the failed coup with overwhelming legitimacy in the eyes of the public and the political class. In the long term, the coup's failure could be considered the last serious attempt by adherents to Francoist ideology to establish any long-term authority in the country.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The Supreme Court of Military Justice, known as the Campamento trial ("juicio de Campamento)", condemned Miláns del Bosch, Alfonso Armada and Antonio Tejero Molina to thirty years in prison as the key instigators of the coup d'état. Eventually, thirty people out of some 300 accused would be convicted for their involvement in the coup.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The extent of any civilian involvement in planning the coup has never been thoroughly investigated. Juan García Carrés, ex-leader of the Sindicato Vertical (the only legal trade union organisation in Francoist Spain), was the only civilian to be convicted.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: After the events, the Socialist opposition agreed to a law, the LOAPA, to slow down the establishment of autonomous communities as envisaged in the Constitution, to placate the military.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The bullet holes in the ceiling of the Spanish parliament were retained as a reminder of the coup attempt.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: The bloodless yet apparently chaotic unravelling of the coup, the plethora of unanswered questions as to its unfolding, the staunch monarchist allegiance of two main conspirators (Armada and Milans del Bosch) and the King's lengthy absence before he finally made a late-night public television address have fueled skepticism and conspiracy theories during the "Campamento" trial and have remained active ever since.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: These theories cast doubt on the sincerity of the King's defense of democracy and qualify the coup as an example of coercive realpolitik taken to the next level. In essence, this version of events alleges that the coup itself was orchestrated by the Spanish Secret Services in connivance with the King and the Royal House as well as representatives of the major political parties and mainstream media, among others. The plot's centerpiece and apparent motivation was the so-called "Operation Armada", a "soft" coup modeled after Operation De Gaulle and aimed at a national-unity government headed by Armada himself, consisting of an array of ministers from all the main political parties. The first objective was to oust Prime Minister Suárez, who had been criticized relentlessly by the media and the political elite for months and was rumoured to have even lost the King's good graces, partly due to Suárez's ambitious reformist agenda which had, conceivably, gone off-script. The second objective of the purported "soft" coup was a consequence of the former: to hurry still-toddling Spanish public institutions into fulfilling the convergence criteria the nation was being groomed for, namely NATO and EEC membership and the consolidation of an effectively bipartisan and ideologically moderate parliamentary monarchy. According to the rationale behind the theory, this objective required both purging the armed forces of its most reactionary elements and frightening the common voter into accepting the monarchy and the two-party system as the institutional "default position".


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Yet another and more concrete objective would have been to neutralize an imminent and "hard" coup d'état planned for later that year, most likely on 2 May. A major clique or sub-group among the instigators of this alleged coup was the so-called "Colonels' group", headed by former SECED chief . Two reasons have been cited why this alleged plot was considered particularly dangerous: San Martín's intelligence connections, and the fact that it was colonels and lieutenant colonels, rather than generals, who had direct control over the troops


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: According to these theories, Prime Minister Suárez got wind of "Operation Armada" long in advance, hence his sudden resignation in order to avoid it—given that the coup was to occur during the motion of no confidence in his government, scheduled to take place some weeks later. The plan went forward in spite of Suárez's resignation, but Tejero's failure to understand its ramifications, his guileless belief that he was at the heart of a hardcore coup plot, the media field-day prompted by his violent entrance in congressional chambers (and his crass, uncouth demeanor and language, which was captured by microphones and cameras in the building and later ridiculed by the press) and his refusal to accept the multi-partisan government proposed by Armada, resulted in the simultaneous aborting of the "hard" and the "soft" coup plots by those who had planned them.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Former CESID Special Operations chief José Luis Cortina Prieto, one of the three military officers acquitted during the trial, plays an ubiquitous role in these theories, some of which place him as a major power player within the conspiracy as well as the man responsible for coalescing all the different coup plots into one and later neutralizing them simultaneously. Cortina, who graduated from the Zaragoza Academy in the same cohort as the King, had been appointed to the intelligence services during the Carrero administration and would later assist his brother in creating the "Gabinete de Orientación y Documentación S. A." () think tank, which would be the germ of the country's main conservative party. It has been alleged that during a lunch break in the 23-F trial, and after being subjected to a particularly intense grilling session by the prosecutor, Cortina grabbed a phone and was heard saying: ""Como siga este tío así, saco a relucir lo de Carrero"" ("if this guy keeps pressing me like this, I'll spill the beans about [what happened to] Carrero"). The prosecutor's questioning allegedly lost a great deal of intensity when court resumed after the lunch break, and Cortina was finally acquitted.


title: 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt

text: Arguably up until a broadcast by laSexta, the work by Jesús Palacios and the book "" by Pilar Urbano, these theses have never worked their way into mainstream consciousness, although innuendos and subtle implications were not unusual. Some of these implications may be involuntary. The King's authorized biography by José Luis de Vilallonga contains the following interview excerpt:If I were to carry out an operation in the King's name but without his consent, my first move would have been to isolate him from the rest of the world and prevent him from communicating with anyone on the outside. Well far from it: That night I could have entered and left my residence at will; and concerning phone lines, I received more calls in a few hours than I had received in a whole month! From my father, who was in Estoril (and was also very surprised to be able to contact me by phone), from my two sisters in Madrid, and from friendly heads of State who encouraged me to resist. Sabino Fernández Campo, chief of the Royal House, expunged this from the Spanish edition.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is a private university in Peoria, Illinois. Founded in 1897, Bradley University enrolls 5,400 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 specialized and professional accreditors.


title: Bradley University

text: The Bradley Polytechnic Institute was founded by philanthropist Lydia Moss Bradley in 1897 in memory of her husband Tobias and their six children, all of whom died before Bradley, leaving her a childless widow. The Bradleys had discussed establishing an orphanage in memory of their deceased children. After some study and travel to various institutions, Mrs. Bradley decided instead to found a school where young people could learn how to do practical things to prepare them for living in the modern world. As a first step toward her goal, in 1892 she purchased a controlling interest in Parsons Horological School in LaPorte, Indiana, the first school for watchmakers in America, and moved it to Peoria. She specified in her will that the school should be expanded after her death to include a classical education as well as industrial arts and home economics: "...it being the first object of this Institution to furnish its students with the means of living an independent, industrious and useful life by the aid of a practical knowledge of the useful arts and sciences."


title: Bradley University

text: In October 1896 Mrs. Bradley was introduced to Dr. William Rainey Harper, president of the University of Chicago. He soon convinced her to move ahead with her plans and establish the school during her lifetime. Bradley Polytechnic Institute was chartered on November 13, 1896. Mrs. Bradley provided of land, $170,000 for buildings, equipment, and a library, and $30,000 per year for operating expenses.


title: Bradley University

text: Contracts for Bradley Hall and Horology Hall (now Westlake) were awarded in April and work moved ahead quickly. Fourteen faculty and 150 students began classes in Bradley Hall on October 4—with 500 workers still hammering away. (The Horological Department added another eight faculty and 70 students.) Bradley Polytechnic Institute was formally dedicated on October 8, 1897. Its first graduate, in June 1898, was Cora Unland.


title: Bradley University

text: Originally, the institute was organized as a four-year academy as well as a two-year college. There was only one other high school in the city of Peoria at the time. By 1899 the institute had expanded to accommodate nearly 500 pupils, and study fields included biology, chemistry, food work, sewing, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, history, manual arts, drawing, mathematics, and physics. By 1920 the institute dropped the academy orientation and adopted a four-year collegial program. Enrollment continued to grow over the coming decades and the name Bradley University was adopted in 1946.


title: Bradley University

text: The first music building on Bradley's Campus was built in 1930 and named after Jennie Meta Constance (the English department), who was murdered on August 28, 1928. In 1962 the building was renovated to become the music building of Bradley's Campus. Only approximately $2,500 was spent renovating the building, most of the money was spent turning a kitchen into a classroom. In 2002 more renovations were made to Constance Hall to modernize it and make it more spacious. The renovation included an elevator and more office space.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University was ranked #2 among 157 Midwest Regional Universities in the 2022 edition of "America's Best Colleges" published by "U.S. News & World Report". The annual survey also recognized Bradley as the 36th "best value" Midwestern school in the ranking of Great Schools at Great Prices.


title: Bradley University

text: The Bradley University Department of Teacher Education and College of Education and Health Sciences is NCATE-approved. Additionally, Bradley University's Foster College of Business is one of less than 2% of business schools worldwide to achieve and maintain AACSB International accreditation for both business and accounting programs.


title: Bradley University

text: The university is also home to the Charley Steiner School of Sports Communication, the first such named school in the U.S.


title: Bradley University

text: Through the Graduate School, Bradley University offers Masters level graduate degrees in five of its colleges: business, communication and fine arts, education and health sciences, engineering, and liberal arts and sciences. Each has its own hourly requirements and varies in completion time. The program of physical therapy offers a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is among the first universities in the nation to have a school of entrepreneurship and the first established as a freestanding academic unit. The Turner School of Entrepreneurship and Innovation is named in honor of Bob and Carolyn Turner, long-time supporters of Bradley. The Turners established the Robert and Carolyn Turner Center for Entrepreneurship in 2002. Dr. Gerald Hills, the school's founding academic executive director, received the Karl Vesper Entrepreneurship Pioneer Award in 2012 and the Babson Lifetime Award in 2011. Hills served as the Turner Chair of Entrepreneurship until he retired in December 2014.


title: Bradley University

text: Entrepreneur magazine and The Princeton Review ranked Bradley's undergraduate entrepreneurship program among the top 25 programs in the nation.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley is headquarters for the national Collegiate Entrepreneurs' Organization (CEO), with CEO student chapters at 240 universities.


title: Bradley University

text: As of the 2021–2022 school year, students who are enrolled full-time at Bradley University pay $35,940 for tuition. Students living in the residence halls on campus pay an additional $11,628 for room and board, along with a $420 activity and health fee. The total cost for full-time students living on campus is $47,988. The university offers hundreds of different scholarships and grants from numerous sources such as federal, state and private entities. They provide financial aid in the form of loans, work study, scholarship, and grants. Financial assistance awards are typically received by more than 85% of the university's students.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley's campus is located on Peoria's west bluff and is minutes from the city's downtown. The campus of Bradley University is relatively compact. There are few places on campus which cannot be reached from any other part of campus in under ten minutes on foot. Bradley's student housing is concentrated on the campus's east side, and the residence halls include College (transfer community), Geisert, Harper, Heitz, , Williams, and Wyckoff Halls. There is also a complex of singles dormitories (Elmwood, Wendle, and Lovelace) and two university-owned apartment complexes: St. James Apartments and the Student Apartment Complex.


title: Bradley University

text: Also located on the south side of Bradley's campus is Dingeldine Music Center, which was acquired from the Second Church of Christ, Scientist in 1983. The center serves as the main performance and practice facility for Bradley's instrumental and choral programs.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is also the site of Peoria's National Public Radio affiliate, WCBU-FM, located on the second floor of Jobst Hall.


title: Bradley University

text: Built in 1897, Westlake Hall is the oldest building on campus and has been utilized as a learning facility for over one hundred years. This building is home to Bradley's College of Education and Health Sciences. In March 2010, this building underwent a $24 million renovation that was officially completed in June 2012. This renovation increased the building to four stories tall consisting of academic classrooms and offices. The building went from 13,500 square ft to 84,500 square ft, six times its original size. The building's signature clock tower and limestone was incorporated into the renovation to keep some of the building's originality. The building was also designed to meet LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) gold certification standards, which includes qualities such as energy saving, water efficiencies, and emission reductions. The remodel was recognized by American School and University for its remarkable design in adaptive reuse.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. Conference-approved sports at Bradley for men are baseball, basketball, cross country running, golf, indoor and outdoor track, and soccer. Women's' sports consist of basketball, cross country running, golf, indoor and outdoor track, softball, tennis, and volleyball. The men's basketball team has appeared nine times in the NCAA Tournament: 1950, 1954, 1955, 1980, 1986, 1988, 1996, 2006, 2019 and would have appeared in the 2020 NCAA tournament as the MVC Tournament Champions. In 1950 and 1954 they were national runners up in the Final Four, and in 2006 the Braves made their first Sweet Sixteen appearance since 1955, defeating 4th seed Kansas and 5th seed Pittsburgh. Bradley's run came to an end in the Sweet Sixteen with a loss to the University of Memphis. Bradley also won the National Invitation Tournament in 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1982. In 2008, the men's basketball team was selected to participate in the inaugural College Basketball Invitational. They defeated Cincinnati and Virginia en route to the Championship but lost to Tulsa 2–1 in a 3-game series.


title: Bradley University

text: In 2007, the Bradley soccer team defeated Creighton 1–0 to claim their first MVC Tournament Championship and fourth appearance in the NCAA postseason soccer tournament. Following their first ever NCAA tournament game victory over DePaul 2–0, the Braves continued on a magical run to the Elite Eight by defeating seven-time national champion Indiana University on penalty kicks (5–4) and the University of Maryland in overtime, both on the road. During the Maryland game they were down 2–0 with less than three minutes left and won. The match has been referred to as "The Miracle in Maryland." Bradley's coach, Jim DeRose, was named the national Coach of the Year by Soccer America after their great season.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley baseball advanced to the College World Series in 1950 and 1956. In 1956, the team qualified for the Final Four, falling to eventual champion Minnesota in the semifinals. In 2015, the Bradley baseball team received an at-large bid to the NCAA postseason baseball tournament, the school's first appearance in the tournament since 1968. After finishing the regular season with a record of 32–18, the Braves advanced to the Missouri Valley conference tournament championship game by defeating Evansville, Indiana State, and #11 nationally ranked Dallas Baptist and were ultimately defeated by #8 nationally ranked Missouri State 5–2. After finishing the season with the #19 RPI in the nation and a record of 35–19, the Braves were placed in the Louisville regional as the #2 seed, along with #3 seeded Michigan, #4 seeded Morehead State and #1 seed host Louisville. Video taken at the team's selection show viewing party shows the team excitement when they learned they would be participating in the NCAA tournament. When the Braves earned a 9–4 victory over Morehead State, they snapped a streak of 9 straight losses in NCAA postseason play dating back to the third round of the College World Series in 1956 when they defeated Wyoming 12–8.


title: Bradley University

text: The Bradley men's and women's cross country teams were MVC champions in 2015. In 2016 the men won the MVC championship again and placed 5th at regionals while the women were MVC runner ups. In 2018, the BU men's cross country team won the MVC yet again and qualified for the NCAA Championship meet in Madison, Wisconsin, where they finished 24th, outpacing their #25 national ranking.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University was a member of the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference from 1910 to 1937.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is home to the most successful speech team in the nation, with their American Forensics Association Championship winning streak from 1980 through 2000 only broken in 1994 and 1995. Bradley has garnered 141 individual national titles and 39 team sweepstakes over the last 30 years. Bradley's forensics team hosts the nation's oldest intercollegiate competition, known as the L.E. Norton Invitational named after former forensics director L.E. Norton. The team also hosts an annual tournament for high school speech teams, known as the George Armstrong Invitational.


title: Bradley University

text: Bradley University is home to the most successful sales team in the nation. Bradley defeated 66 other colleges to win their nation-leading third National Collegiate Sales Competition (NCSC) championship on March 7, 2022, also becoming the first-ever back-to-back national champion.


title: Bradley University

text: More than thirty percent of undergraduate students are involved in fraternities and sororities at Bradley University. The community currently consists of twenty-seven chapters, representing the North American Interfraternity Conference, National Panhellenic Conference, and National Pan-Hellenic Council. Twenty of the chapters have houses on campus, which are primarily located on the south side of campus.


title: Bradley University

text: The annual student literary journal, "Broadside", publishes student art and writing in a 100-page journal that is released each spring. The publication is staffed and run entirely by students. The organization also holds two readings: an informal "open mic" night in the fall, and a formal reading in late April which usually features writers published in the journal.


title: Bradley University

text: The student-run weekly newspaper, "The Scout", covers student life and issues on campus, Bradley sports, and local Peoria news that concerns students. Dates for local concerts, movie and music reviews can all be found written by students in "The Scout"’s "Voice" section. Student staff rotates and changes yearly.


title: Bradley University

text: Common Ground provides a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere in which people in the LGBTQ+ community, as well as their relatives or friends, may explore and discuss the issues facing their lives. Common Ground also offers speakers bureau services, brings speakers to campus, and provides confidential, anonymous, private meetings. All communication made to Common Ground is kept confidential.


title: Bradley University

text: The Office of Diversity and Inclusion (ODI) was established to advance Bradley University's commitment to diversity, and enhance underrepresented students' access and success at the university. It is their aim to facilitate dialogue among the campus community that seeks to provide a climate that is supportive, inclusive, and appreciative of diversity and all of its benefits. All communities are welcomed into the Garret Center to enter an environment free of judgment and open to suggestions about rising above the -isms and perceptions of underrepresented groups.


title: North Texas

text: North Texas (also commonly called North Central Texas) is a term used primarily by residents of Dallas, Fort Worth, and surrounding areas to describe much of the north central portion of the U.S. state of Texas. Residents of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex generally consider North Texas to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, west of Paris, and north of Waco. A more precise term for this region would be the northern part of the central portion of Texas. It does not include the Panhandle of Texas, which expands further north than the region previously described, nor does it include most of the region near the northern border of Texas.


title: North Texas

text: Today, North Texas is centered upon the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the largest metropolitan area in Texas and the Southern United States. People in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas sometimes use the terms "Metroplex", "DFW", and "North Texas" interchangeably. However, North Texas refers to a much larger area that includes many rural counties along the northern border. During the early years of the American Civil War, there were many Unionists in the rural counties, with there being few slaveholders. Many of the largest cities in North Texas outside Dallas and Fort Worth still follow a rural Southern way of life, especially in dialect, mannerisms, religion, and cuisine. Texan English, a dialect unique to the state, is most pronounced in this region.


title: North Texas

text: The North Texas climate is subtropical with hot summers. It is also continental, characterized by a wide annual temperature range. Average annual precipitation also varies considerably, ranging from less than 28 to more than 48 inches (700–1200 mm). Severe storms are frequent in the spring, as the area lies in the southern section of "tornado alley".


title: North Texas

text: South is the prevailing wind direction, and southerly winds are frequently high and persist for several days. Strong northerly winds often occur during the passage of cold fronts. Dusty conditions are infrequent, occurring mostly with westerly winds. Dust storm frequency and intensity depend on soil conditions in eastern New Mexico, West Texas, and the Texas Panhandle.


title: North Texas

text: Winters are mild, but northers occur about three times each month, and often are accompanied by sudden drops in temperature. In Dallas, a record-setting 12.8 inches of snow fell in February 2011. Periods of extreme cold that occasionally occur are short-lived, so that even in January mild weather occurs frequently.


title: North Texas

text: The highest temperatures of summer are associated with fair skies, westerly winds and moderate to high humidities. Characteristically, hot spells in summer are broken into three- to five-day periods by thunderstorm activity. There are only a few nights each summer when the low temperature exceeds 80 °F (27 °C). Summer daytime temperatures frequently exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Air conditioners are recommended for maximum comfort indoors and while traveling via automobile.


title: North Texas

text: Throughout the year, rainfall occurs more frequently during the night. Usually, periods of rainy weather last for only a day or two, and are followed by several days with fair skies. A large part of the annual precipitation results from thunderstorm activity, with occasional heavy rainfall over brief periods of time. Thunderstorms occur throughout the year, but are most frequent in the spring. Hail falls on about two or three days a year, ordinarily with only slight and scattered damage. Windstorms occurring during thunderstorm activity are sometimes destructive. Snowfall is uncommon.


title: North Texas

text: The average length of the warm season (freeze-free period) is about 249 days. The average last occurrence of 32 °F (0 °C) or below is mid March and the average first occurrence of 32 °F or below is in late November.


title: North Texas

text: Although the terms "Northeastern Texas" or "North Texas" are not official state designations, the Texas State Data Center and Office of the State Demographer lists the following counties as belonging to the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG):


title: North Texas

text: The Texas State Demographer also lists the following regional county groupings, some or all of which are often included in the informal meaning of the terms "North Texas" or "North Central Texas."


title: North Texas

text: Additionally, some other Texas counties contiguous with those named above are sometimes included in the general meaning of "North Texas."


title: North Texas

text: In the North Texas region there is one combined statistical area, three metropolitan areas, and six micropolitan areas.


title: North Texas

text: The North Texas region has teams from the four major professional sports leagues. Major professional sports first came to the area in 1960, when the Dallas Cowboys began competing in the National Football League and the Dallas Texans began competing in the American Football League. (The Texans later relocated to Kansas City and became the Chiefs). In 1972, Major League Baseball's Washington Senators moved to Arlington to become the Texas Rangers, named after the statewide law enforcement agency. The National Basketball Association expanded into North Texas in 1980 when the Dallas Mavericks were added to the league. The fourth sport was added in 1993 when the Minnesota North Stars of the National Hockey League moved to Dallas, becoming the Dallas Stars.


title: North Texas

text: The Major League Soccer team FC Dallas is based in Frisco, and the Dallas Wings of the WNBA plays in Arlington. The area is also home to many minor league professional teams and four colleges that compete in NCAA Division I athletics.


title: North Texas

text: The headquarters for both the Big 12 and Conference USA are located in Irving, and the Southland Conference headquarters are in Frisco.


title: Being Julia

text: Being Julia is a 2004 comedy-drama film directed by István Szabó and starring Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons. The screenplay by Ronald Harwood is based on the novel "Theatre" (1937) by W. Somerset Maugham. The original film score was composed by Mychael Danna.


title: Being Julia

text: Set in London in 1938, the film focuses on highly successful and extremely popular theatre actress Julia Lambert, whose gradual disillusionment with her career as she approaches middle age has prompted her to ask her husband, stage director Michael Gosselyn, and his financial backer Dolly de Vries to close her current production to allow her time to travel abroad. They persuade her to remain with the play throughout the summer. Michael introduces her to Tom Fennel, an enterprising American, who confesses his deep appreciation of her work. Seeking the passion missing from her marriage, and anxious to fill the void left when her close friend Lord Charles suggested they part ways to avoid scandalous gossip, Julia embarks on a passionate affair with the young man and begins to support him so he may enjoy the glamorous lifestyle to which she has introduced him. Their relationship revives her, sparking a distinct change in her personality. Always hovering in the background and offering counsel is the spirit of her mentor, Jimmie Langton, the theatrical manager who gave Julia her start and made her a star, while flesh-and-blood Evie serves as her personal maid, dresser, and confidante.


title: Being Julia

text: Michael suggests they invite Tom to spend time at their country estate, where he can become better acquainted with their son Roger. At a party there, Tom meets aspiring actress Avice Crichton, and, when Julia sees him flirting with the pretty young woman, she becomes jealous and anxious and angrily confronts him. He slowly reveals himself to be a callous, social-climbing, gold-digging gigolo, and Julia is shattered when their affair comes to an end.


title: Being Julia

text: Avice, now romantically involved with Tom, asks him to bring Julia to see her perform in a play in the hope the actress will induce her husband to cast her in a supporting role in Julia's upcoming project. The play is dreadful, and Avice is not much better. Backstage, Julia compliments her even-worse co-star and barely acknowledges Avice, although she promises to tell Michael about her. Afterwards, she forces Tom to admit he loves Avice, then - although her heart is broken by his admission - she assures him she will insist the ingenue be cast in her next play.


title: Being Julia

text: When Julia's performance in her current play begins to suffer from her personal discontent, Michael closes the production, so Julia visits her mother and her Aunt Carrie in Jersey, where Lord Charles comes to visit her. Julia suggests a romantic tryst, and he gently tells her that he's gay. Meanwhile, back in London, Avice auditions for Michael. Although Julia resents it, she is given the role.


title: Being Julia

text: Julia returns home to begin rehearsals for the new play. Shortly after, she learns from her son that Avice has been one of Michael's casual trysts. Still, she is uncharacteristically solicitous toward the girl, making suggestions that place her in the spotlight and insisting her own wardrobe be drab to allow Avice to shine. What her director and fellow cast members don't realize is there's a method to her seeming madness - Julia has planned her sweet revenge for the opening night performance, during which she successfully affirms her position as London theatre's foremost diva by upstaging every aspect of Avice's performance.


title: Being Julia

text: Filming began in June 2003. Exteriors were shot on location in London and Jersey. Interiors were filmed in Budapest, including inside the Danubius Hotel Astoria, and Kecskemét in Hungary.


title: Being Julia

text: The soundtrack features a number of popular songs of the era, including "They Didn't Believe Me" by Jerome Kern and Herbert Reynolds; "Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries" by Lew Brown and Ray Henderson; "Mad About the Boy" by Noël Coward; "I Get a Kick Out of You" by Cole Porter; "She's My Lovely" by Vivian Ellis; "Bei Mir Bist Du Schon" by Sholom Secunda, Jacob Jacobs, Sammy Cahn, and Saul Chaplin; and "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" by Otto A. Harbach and Jerome Kern.


title: Being Julia

text: The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival and was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival, the San Sebastián Film Festival, the Vancouver International Film Festival, the Calgary Film Festival, and the Chicago International Film Festival before opening in the US in limited release.


title: Being Julia

text: The film omits much of Julia's recollections of her life and career with Michael and her previous affair with a Spaniard whose name she never knows. In the original story she meets Lord Charles when his wife attempts to insult her by bringing up her "common" origins. Although Julia's retort is the same in the film this scene occurs after she has already met Charles and the attempted insult is made by someone who is not married to him. Charles in the film is not married at all and turns out to be a confirmed bachelor.


title: Being Julia

text: In novel, Julia has to convince Michael to keep the lackluster Avice Crichton in the play in order to exact her revenge on her. In the adaptation, Michael is having a fling with her.


title: Being Julia

text: Jimmie Langton also often appears as a figment of Julia's imagination giving advice or reacting to her actions, a device which is not present in the original story.


title: Being Julia

text: "Being Julia" has received fairly positive reviews, with Bening receiving acclaim for her performance, and an average score of 65/100 at the review aggregator Metacritic, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". The film also has an approval rating of 76% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 123 reviews, and an average rating of 6.70/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Annette Bening delivers a captivating performance in "Being Julia", a sophisticated comedy that follows a 1930s stage diva who experiences an identity crisis at age 40".


title: Being Julia

text: In his review in "The New York Times", A.O. Scott called the film "a flimsy frame surrounding a brightly colored performance by Annette Bening, whose quick, high-spirited charm is on marvelous display . . . She gives "Being Julia" a giddy, reckless effervescence that neither Mr. Szabo's stolid direction nor Ronald Harwood's lurching script . . . are quite able to match . . . Ms. Bening walks right up to the edge of melodramatic bathos (the hallmark of the kind of plays in which Julia stars) and then, in a wonderful climactic coup de théâtre, turns it all into farce. "Being Julia" may not make much psychological or dramatic sense, but Ms. Bening, pretending to be Julia (who is always pretending to be herself), is sensational."


title: Being Julia

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" said, "Annette Bening plays Julia in a performance that has great verve and energy, and just as well, because the basic material is wheezy melodrama. "All About Eve" breathed new life into it all those years ago, but now it's gasping again . . . I liked the movie in its own way, while it was cheerfully chugging along, but the ending let me down; the materials are past their sell-by date and were when Maugham first retailed them. The pleasures are in the actual presence of the actors, Bening most of all, and the droll Irons, and Juliet Stevenson as the practical aide-de-camp, and Thomas Sturridge, so good as Julia's son that I wonder why he wasn't given the role of her young lover."


title: Being Julia

text: In the "San Francisco Chronicle", Carla Meyer described the film as "a one-woman show" and added, "There are several notable actors in it, most of them quite good, but it's the glorious Annette Bening who hoists this flawed production on her mink-wrapped shoulders and makes it work . . . Her stage background at American Conservatory Theater shows in her multilayered tour de force."


title: Being Julia

text: Todd McCarthy of "Variety" observed, "Annette Bening has fun running the vast gamut of her emotions, be they authentic or manufactured. But Istvan Szabo's new film, like the W. Somerset Maugham novel upon which it's based, is a minor affair, a confection based on dalliances and the way a set of sophisticated theater people handle them, that lacks true distinction . . . Working in a much lighter vein than usual, Szabo has said he studied the films of Ernst Lubitsch and Billy Wilder in preparation for this picture. Unfortunately, "Being Julia" has little to do with the specifically Viennese strain of wise and winkingly cynical romantic comedy perfected by those two masters of the sexual charade and nearly everything to do with the world of pre-war London theater. This is a film that, above all else, needed to be steeped in Britishness, in the very particular mores and manners of the time; as a Canadian production mostly shot in Budapest by a Hungarian director and an American star and a number of Canuck thesps, this just doesn't happen. The deficiencies may be intangible, but they deprive film of the solid footing it requires . . . The majority of the seriocomic doings, while superficially diverting, provide neither indelible wit nor the gravitas of a genuinely meaningful comedy of manners (see Oscar Wilde), leaving a relatively wispy impression in its wake."


title: Being Julia

text: In "Rolling Stone", Peter Travers awarded the film two out of a possible four stars and commented, "Annette Bening can act - watch "American Beauty" or "Bugsy" or "The Grifters" - but she works too hard to prove it in "Being Julia" . . . Director Istvan Szabo overplays his hand and traps [her] in a role that's all emoting, no emotion."


title: Being Julia

text: Mark Kermode of "The Observer" said, "Annette Bening makes a claim for an Oscar nomination . . . Chewing up the scenery in lipsmacking form, she savours the ribald dialogue like an overripe wine, spitting venom and self-pity in equally bilious measures, lending much needed weight to this contrived fluff."


title: Maslenitsa

text: Maslenitsa (, , , ; also known as Butter Lady, Butter Week, Crepe week, or Cheesefare Week) is an Eastern Slavic religious and folk holiday, which has retained a number of elements of Slavic mythology in its ritual, celebrated during the last week before Great Lent, that is, the eighth week before Eastern Orthodox Pascha.


title: Maslenitsa

text: The date of Maslenitsa changes every year depending on the date of the celebration of Easter. It corresponds to the Western Christian Carnival, except that Orthodox Lent begins on a Monday instead of a Wednesday, and the Orthodox date of Easter can differ greatly from the Western Christian date.


title: Maslenitsa

text: The traditional attributes of the Maslenitsa celebration are the Maslenitsa effigy, sleigh rides, festivities. Russians bake bliny and flatbread, while Belarusians and Ukrainians cook pierogi and syrniki.


title: Maslenitsa

text: According to archeological evidence from 2nd century A.D. Maslenitsa may be the oldest surviving Slavic holiday.


title: Maslenitsa

text: During the week of Maslenitsa, meat is already forbidden to Orthodox Christians, and it is the last week during which eggs, milk, cheese and other dairy products are permitted, leading to its name of "Cheese-fare week" or "Crepe week". The most characteristic food of Maslenitsa is "bliny" - thin pancakes or crepes, made from the rich foods still allowed by the Orthodox tradition that week: butter, eggs and milk.


title: Maslenitsa

text: Since Lent excludes parties, secular music, dancing and other distractions from spiritual life, Maslenitsa represents the last chance to take part in social activities that are not appropriate during the more prayerful, sober and introspective Lenten season.


title: Maslenitsa

text: In some regions, each day of Maslenitsa had its traditional activity. Monday may be the welcoming of "Lady Maslenitsa". The community builds the Maslenitsa effigy out of straw (из соломы), decorated with pieces of rags, and fixed to a pole formerly known as Kostroma. It is paraded around and the first pancakes may be made and offered to the poor. On Tuesday, young men might search for a fiancée to marry after Lent. On Wednesday sons-in-law may visit their mother-in-law who has prepared pancakes and invited other guests for a party. Thursday may be devoted to outdoor activities. People may take off work and spend the day sledding, ice skating, snowball fights and with sleigh rides. On Friday sons-in-law may invite their mothers-in-law for dinner. Saturday may be a gathering of a young wife with her sisters-in-law to work on a good relationship.


title: Maslenitsa

text: The last day of Cheesefare Week is called "Forgiveness Sunday" (Прощёное воскресенье). Relatives and friends ask each other for forgiveness and might offer them small presents.


title: Maslenitsa

text: As the culmination of the celebration people gather to "strip Lady Maslenitsa of her finery" and burn her in a bonfire. Left-over pancakes may also be thrown into the fire and Lady Maslenitsa's ashes are buried in the snow to "fertilize the crops".


title: Maslenitsa

text: At Vespers on Sunday evening, people may make a "poklon" (bow) before one another and ask forgiveness. Another name for Forgiveness Sunday is "Cheesefare Sunday", because for devout Orthodox Christians it is the last day on which dairy products may be consumed until Easter. Fish, wine and olive oil will also be forbidden on most days of Great Lent. The day following Cheesefare Sunday is called Clean Monday, because people have confessed their sins, asked forgiveness, and begun Great Lent with a clean slate.


title: Maslenitsa

text: During Soviet times, Maslenitsa, like other religious holidays, was not celebrated officially. However, it was widely observed in families without its religious significance, as an opportunity to prepare crepes with all sorts of fillings and coverings and to eat and share them with friends. After the start of "perestroika", the outdoor celebrations resumed, although they were seen by some as an artificial restoration of a dead tradition. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many Russians have returned to practicing Christianity, the tradition is still being revived.


title: Maslenitsa

text: With increasing secularization many Russians do not abstain from meat and Maslenitsa celebrations can be accompanied by shashlik vendors. Nevertheless, "meat still does not play a major role in the festivities".


title: Maslenitsa

text: Many countries with a significant number of Russian immigrants consider Maslenitsa a suitable occasion to celebrate Russian culture, although the celebrations are usually reduced to one day and may not coincide with the date of the religious celebrations.


title: Maslenitsa

text: On 20 March 2017, the British tabloid newspaper "Daily Mirror" painted the Maslenitsa as a Hooligan training ground. One of the centuries-old traditions in this folk festival is "wall-on-wall" (‘’, Ru), which involves sparring between men dressed in traditional folk clothes. This tradition was misrepresented by the "Mirror" in pictures and text as a collective act of violence without providing context about the Russian traditional festival. The "Mirror" article was titled "Russia's Ultra yobs infiltrated amid warnings England fans could be KILLED at World Cup", and was received negatively by the Russian media, which described it as fake news.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: The fifth season of the American television drama series "The Americans", comprising 13 episodes, aired on FX from March 7 to May 30, 2017.<ref name="5/6Renew"></ref> The show moved to Tuesdays, having aired on Wednesdays for its first four seasons.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: The events of the fifth season take place between February 1984 and August 1984, shown by the reference to the TV broadcasts of the 1984 Winter Olympics in episode 1 and the coverage of Ronald Reagan's "We begin bombing in five minutes" joke in episode 13.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: In May 2016, FX renewed the series for a 13-episode fifth season to air in 2017; and a sixth and final 10-episode season to air in 2018. The season began principal photography on October 11, 2016; and completed on March 13, 2017.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: The fifth season has received widespread critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, it received a 95% approval rating with an average score of 9.09 out of 10 based on 37 reviews, with a critics consensus of: "In its penultimate season, "The Americans" brings long-simmering storylines to a boil while heightening the spy-thriller stakes and deepening the domestic drama—all brought vividly to life by superb performances from its veteran cast." On Metacritic, the season has a score of 94 out of 100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Matthew Gilbert of "The Boston Globe" gave it a highly positive review and wrote, "The drama remains as tense as ever, with strong, careful writing and an abundance of fine performances". Tim Goodman of "The Hollywood Reporter" also lauded the series, "It's extremely well-constructed, with slow-burning storylines that are paying off in superb dramatic depth" and praised its "top-tier acting" and "artfully crafted visuals".


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: In regards to the premiere, some criticisms came from Emily VanDerWerff of "Vox" who noted that the symbolism of "spending a long time digging a hole so deep that you probably can't escape it—while knowing you'll lose friends along the way—is a little on-the-nose", while Mike Hale of "The New York Times" was not very excited with the first episode's "grainy montage set to martial music that began with images of collectivist agricultural might before seguing to blighted fields and long lines outside stores." Libby Nelson of "Vox" thought that "the agriculture plot was the weakest link" in the second episode.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: The fifth season was criticized for becoming too slow, turning the show from "slow burn" into just "warm embers". According to Fields and Weisberg, they wanted the fifth season "to feel different as it unspooled", harvesting the story pieces created in the fourth season. The fifth season was not meant as a set-up for the sixth season. With pacing of the fifth season slowed down intentionally, Weisberg and Fields admitted that they did not expect "this much of a backlash" for "hitting the brakes too hard". They were upset by criticism, but suggested waiting until the series is over, hoping for the response to become more muted in context of the sixth and final season.


title: The Americans (season 5)

text: For the 33rd TCA Awards, "The Americans" received a nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. For the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received four nominations–Matthew Rhys for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, Keri Russell for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, Alison Wright for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, and Joel Fields and Joe Weisberg for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for "The Soviet Division".


title: Sacred mountains

text: Sacred mountains are central to certain religions, and are usually the subjects of many legends. For many, the most symbolic aspect of a mountain is the peak because it is believed that it is closest to heaven or other religious realms. Many religions have traditions centered on sacred mountains, which either are or were considered holy (such as Mount Olympus in Greek mythology) or are related to famous events (like Mount Sinai in Judaism, Christianity and descendant religions or Mount Kailash in Hinduism). In some cases, the sacred mountain is purely mythical, like the Hara Berezaiti in Zoroastrianism. Mount Kailash is believed to be the abode of the deities Shiva and Parvati, and is considered sacred in four religions: Hinduism, Bon, Buddhism, and Jainism. Volcanoes, such as Mount Etna in Italy, were also considered sacred, Mount Etna being believed to have been the home of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and the forge.


title: Sacred mountains

text: Edwin Bernbaum, a preeminent scholar of sacred mountains around the world, suggests that although no single, universal theme underlies all sacred mountains across the globe, it is possible to identify certain patterns that help to clarify the principal roles that sacred peaks play in different cultures. Bernbaum identifies the following ten themes expressed through sacred mountains that are particularly widespread in cultures around the world, summarized below. A particular sacred mountain may have one or more of these themes represented in it; some may have nearly all of them.


title: Sacred mountains

text: History shows that mountains were commonly part of a complex system of mountain and ancestor worship. Having immortalized fallen brethren in the edifice, the people share a common allegiance with all the other people of a community. The meanings that were etched into the mountain and mound terrain connected the villagers. They were all subject to the same landscape and village history, which were bound together by their cultural significance. The history of ancestors could be told by simply pointing at specific mountains and remembering the stories that were passed down throughout the generations. The worship of ancestors and the mountains were largely inseparable. An interconnected web between history, landscape, and culture was thus formed. One example is the Hindu belief that Mount Kailash is the final resting place for the souls of the dead, as well as the large cemetery placed on Mount Kōya-san.


title: Sacred mountains

text: Sacred mountains can also provide an important piece of a culture's identity. For example, Bruno Messerli and Jack Ives write, "The Armenian people regard Mount Ararat, a volcano in eastern Turkey believed to be the site of Noah's Ark in the Bible, to be a symbol of their natural and cultural identity". As a result of the mountain's role as a part of a cultural identity, even people who do not live close to the mountain feel that events occurring to the mountain are relevant to their own personal lives. This results in communities banning certain activities near the mountain, especially if those activities are seen as potentially destructive to the sacred mountain itself.