title: Friendlyjordies

text: Shanks' channel is primarily focused on comedy videos and political commentary, often in support of the Labor Party and critical of the Liberal Party. Early in his YouTube career, Shanks made paid videos for the Australian Council of Trade Unions, GetUp!, and Greenpeace, after approaching them and offering to promote their cause. In 2016, he campaigned against the Sydney lockout laws. In 2020, he produced reviews of Australian cask wine. Shanks has interviewed and filmed videos with former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. In July 2021, Shanks released an hour-long self-produced documentary entitled 'Blood Water: the war for Australia's water', discussing floodplain harvesting in rural New South Wales and addressing allegations of corruption and mismanagement from local governments in the Riverina. He also obtained an exclusive interview with Jeremy Maluta who claims to be the person behind notorious Twitter account @PRGuy17, circumventing an attempt by right-wing figure Avi Yemini to identify the owner of the account through legal action.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In 2019 and 2020, Shanks released multiple videos alleging that the then New South Wales premier Gladys Berejiklian was one of the main people responsible for increasing the risk of bushfires and the destruction of the koala population in Australia. He created the Twitter hashtag #koalakiller, in reference to Berejiklian. On 10 June 2020, Shanks released an interview with New South Wales Opposition Leader Jodi McKay, discussing topics including the state and federal governments' response to the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, including widespread deaths of animals. Shanks raised $300,000 for bushfire relief from his stand-up shows and sales of #koalakiller t-shirts.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In 2019, Shanks published a video covering businessman Clive Palmer who was running in the 2019 Australian federal election. There were existing allegations of financial irregularity in the liquidation of Palmer's company Queensland Nickel and alleged failure to pay the company's workers, which Shanks covered, alongside satirising Palmer's behaviour and appearance. In response, Palmer threatened a defamation lawsuit, demanding and that Shanks cease making public statements about him. Shanks said he would not "capitulate" and released merchandise containing the statements in question. Commentators noted that Palmer appeared to have created a Streisand effect. Other commentators said that Palmer's legal threat was substantially similar to a SLAPP suit and that such threats had a 'chilling effect' on public interest reporting.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In 2020, "The Daily Telegraph" journalist Joe Hildebrand made a complaint to New South Wales police accusing Shanks of stalking and harassment. The police laid no charges.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In a political commentary video uploaded 29 June 2020, Shanks included an impersonation of John Barilaro, Deputy Premier of New South Wales, which Barilaro described as "very offensive" and "full of racist undertones". Shanks subsequently filmed a video inside an Airbnb rental property owned by Barilaro, accusing him of corruption and environmental vandalism. In May 2021 Shanks published a letter sent by Barilaro in December of a threat to sue for defamation. In response, Shanks turned up dressed as the video game character Luigi at a National Party event where Barilaro was giving a speech. Barilaro lodged defamation proceedings against Shanks on 27 May 2021. On 8 July Shanks' legal team responded by filing a truth defence, supported by an honest opinion defence for a subset of claims.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In June 2021, Friendlyjordies producer Kristo Langker was arrested by officers from the Fixated Persons Unit and charged with two counts of stalking and intimidating Barilaro after Langker had approached Barilaro at a National Party event with Shanks and on another occasion. Langker's lawyer Mark Davis contested the police's accounts, and he denounced the timing of the arrest being soon after the defamation lawsuit commenced. He also criticised use of the Fixated Persons Unit, a counter-terrorism unit set up in the wake of the Lindt Cafe siege. In August 2021 it was revealed that Barilaro had been in contact with the Fixated Persons Unit regarding Shanks for at least six months prior to Langker's arrest. This contradicted what Barilaro had earlier told Sky News Australia host Tom Connell, saying that he had not requested the Fixated Persons Unit become involved in the matter. In October 2021 John Barilaro resigned as Deputy Premier of New South Wales and as the member for Monaro, citing his defamation case against Shanks as a "big reason" for the decision.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In November 2021, Barilaro settled the defamation case with Shanks, and Shanks issued the following apology: "Mr Shanks accepts that some of the videos he posted were offensive to Mr Barilaro. Mr Shanks understands that Mr Barilaro has been hurt, and apologises to him for that hurt." Shanks was required to pay $100,000 in legal costs and Barilaro received no damages from the settlement. Shanks agreed to edit some of the contested videos, which would remain online, and to stop selling merchandise featuring Barilaro after Barilaro's retirement from politics.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: As of 10 March 2022, the NSW Police dropped all charges against Langker who is considering taking civil action against the police. Conduct of the NSW Fixated Persons Unit has been brought into question with Attorney General Mark Speakman being questioned over the case in budget estimates. Speakman refused to further comment, conceding that the matter may appear before Law Enforcement Conduct Commission.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: On 6 June 2022, the Federal Court judge awarded Barilaro $715,000 in defamation damages from Google for the YouTube videos, and referred Shanks and Google for possible prosecution for contempt of court.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In 2020, Troy Stolz was a compliance officer employed by Clubs NSW (a powerful lobby group representing clubs† in the state of New South Wales). Stolz contacted journalists and federal MP Andrew Wilkie, alleging that clubs in NSW were engaged in widespread non-compliance with anti-money laundering laws. Following this, ClubsNSW terminated Stolz' employment. Stolz sued for unfair dismissal and ClubsNSW counter-sued for unlawful use of confidential information. Stolz has been described as a whistleblower, and suffers from terminal bone cancer, he is expected to die in 2022 or 2023.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In 2021, Jordan Shanks uploaded multiple videos to the Friendlyjordies channel where he criticised ClubsNSW, including a video interview with Troy Stolz.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In September 2022, ClubsNSW began a highly unusual private prosecution against both Shanks and Stolz, alleging that the video interview constituted contempt of court on both their parts. Shanks and Stolz face criminal conviction and potential prison sentences. ClubsNSW sought and obtained an interim suppression order, something normally only seen in high-level criminal cases. Following this, the video interview was taken down.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: In October 2022, the NSW Crime Commission released a report stating that criminals were in fact laundering billions of dollars using poker machines in NSW clubs and pubs.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: †Clubs are a common type of entertainment venue where customers can purchase meals and alcohol, as well as play poker machines, keno and sport betting. Often, customers can purchase a membership and receive various benefits. There is over 1,000 registered clubs in NSW.


title: Friendlyjordies

text: Police launched investigations into two suspicious fires at Shanks' house in Bondi, one on 17 November 2022 and another on 23 November 2022. In a statement, Shanks' lawyers said that his home had been firebombed and hoped that police would dedicate every resource possible to investigate what happened.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Roy Ottoway Wilkins (August 30, 1901 – September 8, 1981) was a prominent activist in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the 1930s to the 1970s. Wilkins' most notable role was his leadership of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), in which he held the title of Executive Secretary from 1955 to 1963 and Executive Director from 1964 to 1977. Wilkins was a central figure in many notable marches of the civil rights movement. He made valuable contributions in the world of African-American literature, and his voice was used to further the efforts in the fight for equality. Wilkins' pursuit of social justice also touched the lives of veterans and active service members, through his awards and recognition of exemplary military personnel.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on August 30, 1901. His father was not present for his birth, having fled the town in fear of being lynched after he refused demands to step away and yield the sidewalk to a white man. When he was four years old, his mother died from tuberculosis, and Wilkins and his siblings were then raised by an aunt and uncle in the Rondo Neighborhood of St. Paul, Minnesota, where they attended local schools. His nephew was Roger Wilkins. Wilkins graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in sociology in 1923.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1929, he married social worker Aminda "Minnie" Badeau; the couple had no children of their own, but they raised the two children of Hazel Wilkins-Colton, a writer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: While attending college, Wilkins worked as a journalist at "The Minnesota Daily" and became editor of "The Appeal", an African-American newspaper. After he graduated he became the editor of "The Call" in 1923.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: His confrontation of the Jim Crow Laws led to his activist work, and in 1931 he moved to New York City as assistant NAACP secretary under Walter Francis White. When W. E. B. Du Bois left the organization in 1934, Wilkins replaced him as editor of "The Crisis", the official magazine of the NAACP. From 1949 to 1950, Wilkins chaired the National Emergency Civil Rights Mobilization, which comprised more than 100 local and national groups.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1950, Wilkins—along with A. Philip Randolph, founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and Arnold Aronson, a leader of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council—founded the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR). LCCR has become the premier civil rights coalition, and has coordinated the national legislative campaign on behalf of every major civil rights law since 1957.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1955, Wilkins was chosen to be the executive secretary of the NAACP and in 1964, he became its executive director. He had developed an excellent reputation as a spokesperson for the Civil Rights Movement. One of his first actions was to provide support to civil rights activists in Mississippi who were being subjected to a "credit squeeze" by members of the White Citizens Councils.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins backed a proposal suggested by Dr. T. R. M. Howard of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, who headed the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, a leading civil rights organization in the state. Under the plan, black businesses and voluntary associations shifted their accounts to the black-owned Tri-State Bank of Memphis, Tennessee. By the end of 1955, about $300,000 had been deposited in Tri-State for that purpose. The money enabled Tri-State to extend loans to credit-worthy blacks who were denied loans by white banks. Wilkins participated in the March on Washington (August 1963), which he had helped organize. The march was dedicated to the idea of protesting through acts of nonviolence in which Wilkins was a firm believer. Wilkins also participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) and the March Against Fear (1966).


title: Roy Wilkins

text: He believed in achieving reform by legislative means, testified before many Congressional hearings, and conferred with Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and Carter. Those achievements gained Wilkins attention from government officials and other established politicians, earning him respect as well as the nickname, "Mr. Civil Rights". Wilkins strongly opposed militancy in the movement for civil rights as represented by the "black power" movement because of his support for nonviolence. He was a strong critic of racism in any form regardless of its creed, color, or political motivation, and he also declared that violence and racial separation of blacks and whites were not the answer. As late as 1962, Wilkins criticized the direct action methods of the Freedom Riders, but changed his stance after the Birmingham campaign, and was arrested for leading a picketing protest in 1963.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: On issues of segregation, as well, he was a proponent of systematic integration instead of radical desegregation. In a 1964 interview with Robert Penn Warren for the book "Who Speaks for the Negro?", Wilkins declared,


title: Roy Wilkins

text: However, his moderate views increasingly brought him into conflict with younger, more militant black activists who saw him as an "Uncle Tom."


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins was also a member of Omega Psi Phi, a fraternity with a civil rights focus and one of the intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternities established for African Americans.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: During his tenure, the NAACP played a pivotal role in leading the nation into the Civil Rights Movement and spearheaded the efforts that led to significant civil rights victories, including Brown v. Board of Education, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1968, Wilkins also served as chair of the U.S. delegation to the International Conference on Human Rights. After turning 70 in 1971, he faced increased calls to step down as NAACP chief. In 1976, he fell into a dispute with undisclosed board members at the NAACP national convention in Memphis, Tennessee. Although he had intended to retire that year, he decided to postpone it until 1977 because he thought that the pension plan offered to him by the NAACP was inadequate. Board member Emmitt Douglas of Louisiana demanded that Wilkins disclose the offenders and not impugn the board as a whole. Wilkins merely said that the offenders had "vilified" his reputation and questioned his health and integrity.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1977, at the age of 76, Wilkins finally retired from the NAACP and was succeeded by Benjamin Hooks. Wilkins was honored with the title Director Emeritus of the NAACP in the same year. He died on September 8, 1981, in New York City, from heart problems related to a pacemaker implanted on him in 1979 because of his irregular heartbeat. In 1982, his autobiography, "Standing Fast: The Autobiography of Roy Wilkins", was published posthumously.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins was a staunch liberal and proponent of American values during the Cold War. He denounced suspected and actual communists within the Civil Rights Movement. He had been criticized by some on the left of the movement, such as Daisy Bates, Paul Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, Robert F. Williams, and Fred Shuttlesworth, for his cautious approach, suspicion of grassroots organizations, and conciliatory attitude towards white anticommunism.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1951, J. Edgar Hoover and the US State Department, in collusion with the NAACP and Wilkins, who was then the editor of "The Crisis", the official magazine of the NAACP, arranged for a ghost-written leaflet to be printed and distributed in Africa. The purpose of the leaflet was to spread negative press and views about the black political radical and entertainer Paul Robeson throughout Africa. Roger P. Ross, a State Department public affairs officer working in Africa, issued three pages of detailed guidelines including the following instructions:


title: Roy Wilkins

text: United States Information and Educational Exchange (USIE) in the Gold Coast, and I suspect everywhere else in Africa, badly needs a through-going, sympathetic and regretful but straight talking treatment of the whole Robeson episode... there's no way the Communists score on us more easily and more effectively out here, than on the US. Negro problem in general, and on the Robeson case in particular. And, answering the latter, we go a long way toward answering the former.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: The finished article published by the NAACP was called "Paul Robeson: Lost Shepherd", and penned under the false name of "Robert Alan," who the NAACP claimed was a "well known New York journalist." Another article by Roy Wilkins, "Stalin's Greatest Defeat," denounced Robeson and the Communist Party USA in terms consistent with the FBI's information.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: At the time of Robeson's widely misquoted declaration at the Paris Peace Conference that blacks would not support the United States in a war against the Soviet Union because of the continued lynchings and their legal second-class citizen status after World War II, Wilkins stated that regardless of the number of lynchings that then occurred or would occur, black Americans would always serve in the armed forces.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins also threatened to cancel a charter of an NAACP youth group in 1952 if it did not cancel its planned Robeson concert.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: During the presidencies of Kennedy and Johnson, the Civil Rights Movement was in its peak. International affairs were somewhat overlooked by numerous members of the NAACP and other civil rights groups in order to focus on domestic issues in the United States. However, Wilkins stayed true to his liberal values and carried them to the White House during his time with the NAACP. Wilkins's friendship and constant correspondence with Johnson gave him an even-larger platform to speak out on war efforts and policies affecting civil rights.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: His views towards the participation of black military members in the US military was a point of contention between him and other prominent civil rights leaders. While most civil rights groups and activists stayed quiet or spoke out against the Vietnam War, Wilkins focused on what African-Americans could gain out of serving in the military. An article posted in the Western Journal of Black Studies suggests that black troops were fighting for equality both in the United States as well as overseas. Wilkins emphasized the financial benefits of serving in the military along with the importance of African-American citizens participating in the first integrated American army.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins's efforts to further equality in the realm of international affairs were publicly recognized in 1969, when he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Lyndon Johnson.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Wilkins died on September 8, 1981, eight days after his 80th birthday in New York City, U.S. During his later life Wilkins was frequently referred to as the "Senior Statesman" of the Civil Rights Movement.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: In 1982, his autobiography "Standing Fast: The Autobiography of Roy Wilkins" was published posthumously.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: The Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award was established in 1980 to recognize members of the Armed Forces who embodied the spirit of equality and human rights. The St. Paul Auditorium was renamed for Wilkins in 1985. The Roy Wilkins Center for Human Relations and Social Justice was established at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs in 1992. Roy Wilkins Park in St. Albans, Queens, New York was named after him as a unique public and cultural touchstone for all of New York City.


title: Roy Wilkins

text: Gil Scott-Heron mentioned Wilkins in his spoken word song "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" with this lyric: "There will be no slow motion or still life of Roy Wilkins strolling through Watts in a red, black and green liberation jumpsuit that he has been saving for just the proper occasion." Amiri Baraka stated, in his "Civil Rights Poem", that "if i ever see roywilkins [sic.] on the sidewalks imonna [sic.] stick half my sandal up his ass". In 2001, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 34 cent stamp honoring Wilkins. In 2002, Molefi Kete Asante listed Roy Wilkins on his list of the 100 Greatest African Americans.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The Motomami World Tour was the third concert tour by Spanish singer Rosalía in support of her third studio album, "Motomami" (2022). A first solo leg promoted by Live Nation visited auditoriums and indoor arenas across Europe and the Americas. It started on 6 July 2022 in Almería, Spain, and ended on 18 December 2022 in Paris, France.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: Rosalía released her third studio album "Motomami" on 18 March 2022. The alternative reggaeton album became Rosalía's first major LP release after the international recognition "El Mal Querer" brought her. It was a critical and commercial success, charting in many countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States, reaching the top 40. Tour manager Agustín Boffi had previously revealed during the Bime Pro music conference in Bilbao in October 2021 that Rosalía would embark on a "world tour in 2022" that had been prepared "for over a year". Boffi also revealed that the tour crew would be expanded to "over 150 people" compared to the 40 people that were working on her previous concert cycle. Initial rehearsals reportedly started in January 2022 while dancing practices began in April in Barcelona. Final rehearsals were held at Sant Jordi Club, where a private show was held for a dozen of selected fans on 2 July.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The tour was first announced with 44 dates in April 2022 with tickets going on sale for North American fans on 21 April for American Express cardholders, and for European fans the following day. The tour started in Almería, Spain on 6 July 2022, and conclude in Paris on 18 December 2022. Additional shows were announced in Barcelona, Los Angeles, Madrid and New York City. Due to overhelming demand, the Sao Paulo concert was moved from the Tokio Marine Hall to Espaço Unimed, a double-sized venue. Additional shows in Mexico City and Buenos Aires were announced, respectively in April and May. No opening acts were announced, although the concerts in Buenos Aires and Santiago had theirs announced the day before each show.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: Rosalía wore costumes from Dion Lee and Pepa Salazar on stage. She enlisted long-time friend Ferran Echegaray and sister Pilar Vila as artistic directors and production designers and Jesse Blevins from Barcelonian company Fluge Audiovisuales as lighting director. The design concept is based on Harold Rosenberg's idea of a white canvas to be filled within the abstract expressionism movement and the defense of the performance. The tour stage is composed of a white cyclorama and two vertical 7,5x9 meter, 4,8mm pitch screens on both sides that accompany a 20 meter-long runway (only in shows performed in indoor arenas) that loops around an audience pit. Lightning equipment primarily consists of two Lancelot HTI 4000 by Robert Juliat located on the top part of the stage, above the runway. The sound system is confected of 112 Meyer Sound loudspeakers, 62 on the public address system, 6 on the downfill, 16 on the frontfill and 28 on the outfill. The stage for the Motomami Tour was reportedly constructed in the United States with a cost over half-a-million euros.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The stage design is intended to deliver a "minimalistic" and "immersive" experience incorporating the motorcycle aesthetic of the record. The on-stage activity, which pretends to approximate every single audience member to the stage through mobile cameras handed by the performer and a selected amount of dancers. In resemblance to her "Motomami Live" TikTok concert that took place on 17 March, six Panasonic PT-RZ31K cameras, if not a steadicam, follow Rosalía during a major part of the show, projecting what happens onstage on both screens in a TikTok-ish recording manner, also enriching the experience of visualizing the concert from the grandstand. The presence of a cameraman often sparked controversy. Rosalía later told The Recording Academy that she "figured there had to be a huge camera to make the audience feel. I understand people expected fireworks, but the craziest thing for me is dancing and expressing myself. I'm at a point where I want to put all my effort into having the best voice, put all the best choreography. That's what's important to me".


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The tour has received positive-to-mixed reviews from critics during its first leg. Nuria Net from "Rolling Stone" gave the first show at Madrid a positive review, stating that "On this Motomami Tour, it's all about minimalism and showcasing her raw talent, but it's also loud and eclectic. In the cover image of the acclaimed album, Rosalía appears naked except for a motorcycle helmet. During her live show, she bares it all even more". About the stage design, she added: "the immersive experience is translated to the stage by a cameraperson who could very well have been the ninth 'motopapi' dancer, hovering constantly around Rosalía, even standing right in front of her and blocking her from front view. But that's the point." Writing for "El País", Fernando Neira wrote a controversial paper about the same show, in which he questioned the "camera-focused" type of spectacle by calling Rosalía a "walking selfie" performing a "televised karaoke" while also talking poorly about the record. Neira's words were widely criticized by fans and specialized outlets including "Forbes", "ElDiario.es," and singer Alaska, who called Neira "absurd" and stated that the show "is a full 21st century spectacle" while also comparing it to recent live performances by Kiss and C. Tangana. "Jenesaispop"'s Sebas Alonso gave the tour a positive review, rating the show with an 8/10. The portal highlighted the "futuristic" yet "minimalistic" aspects of the show stating that "Rosalía is always two steps ahead (...) she's already thinking about what's next. There are no artists in this world interested in looking back at 2019", praising the show not relying on the "glorification of the 80s or 90s" by betting on a "new way to perform and to interact, with no costume changes or kilometrical cranes".


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The North American leg of the tour received positive reviews from critics. Maura Johnston from "The Boston Globe", who attended the tour's first stop in the United States, called Rosalía's set a """wildly energetic, yet utterly human" one that "proved that she's a pop force in full command of herself to be reckoned with, and that she's only beginning to write her legacy". "Consequence of Sound" and "Edge" covered both concerts in New York City, coinciding that "Rosalía is a leading figure in Latin music". Chris Richards wrote an outstanding review of the only show in the District of Columbia for "The Washington Post." Calling Rosalía "a polyglot with a paralyzing voice" performing a "syncretic masterstroke" record by "positing her curiosity as tenacity, her meticulousness as virtuosity", Richards described the show as "hyperreal" stating that "this wasn't your everyday information-age maximalist popstuff. It wasn't worldly mood boarding. It wasn't trend forecasting, or klepto flossing or tea leaf browsing. This was something far more intimate, something futuristic and precious, and inextricably so a new kind of pop music that seems fully aware of life's unfathomable breadth, as well as the fact that we're each given only so much future to live. About the shows in California, "Riff" and "USD The Guardian" called it "a solid representation of the cathartic soundscape of the album, where the songs slam back and forth between chaos and calm, old and new, rigid and soft, much like the nature of her artistry".


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The European leg of the tour received positive reviews from critics. Hannah Mylrea from "NME" and "The Independent" gave the show in Lisbon a five-star perfect review. They coincided that "rapidly switching from soaring ballads to industrial club moments, this show is a demonstration of Rosalía’s singular artistic vision. Encompassing the genre-shifting nature of "Motomami" and allowing each of the record’s sides to shine in equal measure –be that with a complex dance routine, or a tear-jerking moment of catharsis– it’s indicative of Rosalía’s sheer talent as a performer, and a reminder that nobody is doing it quite like her at the moment".


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The solo tour stops were attended by many celebrities and public personalities such as Queen Letizia, Frank Ocean, M.I.A, Drake, Dua Lipa, Robert Pattinson, Kendall and Kylie Jenner, Bella Hadid, Shawn Mendes, Pedro Almodóvar, Rossy de Palma, Suki Waterhouse, Danna Paola, Zara Larsson, Julieta Venegas, Nicki Nicole, Addison Rae, Estopa, Pabllo Vittar, Ludmilla, Carlos Cuevas, Amaia, Tokischa, Carminho and Rauw Alejandro.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: As the audience enters the venue before the start of the show, a progressive Bic pen drawing inspired by the "Motomami" artwork is projected on the stage while a playlist of selected songs plays in the background, including "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2" by Pink Floyd, "Obsesión" by Aventura, "Fiebre" by Bad Gyal, "Loco por Perrearte (Remix)" by De La Ghetto and Rauw Alejandro, among others. Three minutes before shuting down the venue's lights, "Matsuri-Shake", an experimental punk song by Japanese all-girl band Ni Hao is played. Once obscure, loud motorcycle noises emerge from the loudspeakers while smoke comes out of the stage's extremes. Rosalía and her dance crew (popularly known as 'motopapis') enter from behind the screen shortly after, wearing a white neon full face motorcycle helmet. Rosalía soon reveals herself and performs an extended version of "Saoko", followed by "Candy" inmediately after. During the performance, with her entirely-male dancing formation running around Rosalía in circles. During "Bizcochito", Rosalía walks to the end of the runway and makes a "sassy" fake chewing gum face that became viral on TikTok. A high-pitch voice distorter is used on the singer's vocals at the end. An extended solo version of lead single "La Fama" similar to the one used in her performance on "Saturday Night Live," starts playing while Rosalía puts on a pair of sunglasses. Rosalía picks up a guitar and interacts with the audience for the first time during a speech that precedes "Dolerme". During the performance, a blue floodlight shines above the singer and the main screen projects images of moving water. A medley of "De Aquí No Sales" and "Bulerías" comes right after. The former's performance partly recycles that of El Mal Querer Tour while the latter features an avant-flamenco outro that was already spotted on her "Motomami Live" virtual concert.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The 'motopapis' form a human motorcycle during an extended version of the Pharrell-produced "Motomami". The show continues with Rosalía being transferred by two of her dancers (making the form of a "crux immissa") to a spinning platform to sing the emotional "G3 N15". The show goes on with "Linda", the first of two collaborations with Tokischa. In this is heavily choreographed performance, the lateral screens show direct images from the stage through mobile cameras handed by dancers Jaxon Willard and Stanley Glover. Rosalía walks down to the public with yet another mobile camera during "La Noche de Anoche", encouraging her followers to sing the track on her microphone while live recording them. A camera operator using a steadicam accompanies Rosalía during "Diablo", where she sits on a barber chair, removes her makeup with a white towel and cuts her hair extensions in a performance that resembles "Cut Piece", a pioneer of performance art first performed by Yoko Ono in 1964. Rosalía whistles and plays a black classical piano during "Hentai" while the main screen projects a green landscape similar to Charles O'Rear's "Bliss," that slowly sees sunset, followed by a shortened version of "Pienso en tu Mirá". A "nude" version of La Factoría and Eddy Lover's 2007 song "Perdóname" is performed inmediately after. A twenty-meter-long black skirt "wraps" the singer's waist during a revamped electric and Spanish guitar-driven performance of "De Plata", the only song of her debut album "Los Ángeles" to be included in the setlist.Rosalía asks the audience to collaborate with her completing the alphabet during "Abcdefg", in which each mentioned letter is projected on the screen. She later lays on the floor and starts singing "La Combi Versace" in another heavily choreographed performance. The show smoothly transitions to a purple reggaeton party that starts the remixed version of Sech's "Relación" and is followed by the Travis Scott collaboration "TKN", incorporating elements of Lorna's "Papi Chulo". Rosalía brings approximately twenty fans on stage to dance along to "Yo x Ti, Tu x Mi" and "Gasolina" by Daddy Yankee before singing a shortened version of "Despechá". Rosalia sings about vulnerability and her struggles with fame and paparazzi on "Aislamiento" which eventually collapses in synthesizers and transitions to the remixed version of the Weeknd's "Blinding Lights", followed by "Chiri". Vulnerability strikes again during "Como Un G", which starts with Rosalía on her knees. The following performance, "Malamente", features Rosalía's dancers running around in a new choreography routine.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: "LAX", in which Rosalía sings about her fears of stardom, serves as the show's first and only interlude, with its lyrics written by a Bic pen being projected on the central screen as they're sung. Lightning turns orange and a mic stand is used during "Delirio de Grandeza". Rosalía later laments that the show is nearly coming to an end and proceeds to perform "Con Altura", with the crew leaving the stage after its end. After a few minutes, the encore begins with the dancers riding scooters as the first chords of "Chicken Teriyaki" start playing, after which pianist Llorenç Barceló comes onstage during "Sakura", which Rosalía sings in an almost theatrical way. Jal Joshua walks the runway during a twenty-one-number countdown with Rosalía appearing shortly after to sing an extended version of "CUUUUuuuuuute" before leaving the stage. The song "ハピネス" by Japanese musician Sekitō Shigeo is played over the public address system as the audience leaves the venue; the recording is an instrumental version of "Happiness is Me and You" by Gilbert O'Sullivan.


title: Motomami World Tour

text: The following setlist was obtained from the 9 July 2022 concert, held at the Estadio de La Cartuja in Seville, Spain. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.


title: The Apotheosis of Washington

text: The Apotheosis of Washington is the fresco painted by Greek-Italian artist Constantino Brumidi in 1865 and visible through the oculus of the dome in the rotunda of the United States Capitol Building. The fresco is suspended above the rotunda floor and covers an area of . The figures painted are up to tall and are visible from the floor below. The dome was completed in 1863, and Brumidi painted it over the course of 11 months at the end of the Civil War. He was paid $40,000 ($ in today's funds) for the fresco.


title: The Apotheosis of Washington

text: Brumidi had worked for three years in the Vatican under Pope Gregory XVI, and served several aristocrats as an artist for palaces and villas, including the prince Torlonia. He immigrated to the United States in 1852, and spent much of the last 25 years of his life working in the Capitol. In addition to "The Apotheosis of Washington" he designed the Brumidi Corridors.


title: The Apotheosis of Washington

text: "The Apotheosis of Washington" depicts George Washington sitting amongst the heavens in an exalted manner, or in literary terms, ascending and becoming a god (apotheosis). Washington, the first U.S. president and commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is allegorically represented, surrounded by figures from classical mythology. Washington is draped in purple, worn by generals of the ancient Roman Republic during their triumphs, with a rainbow arch at his feet, flanked by the goddess Victoria (draped in green, using a horn) to his left and the goddess of Liberty to his right. Liberty wears a red liberty cap, symbolizing emancipation, from a Roman tradition where slaves being manumitted would be given a felt cap (Latin "pileus"). She holds a fasces in her right hand and an open book in the other, to which Washington gestures with his right hand.


title: The Apotheosis of Washington

text: Forming a circle between Liberty and Victory are 13 maidens, each with a star above her head, representing the original 13 colonies. Several of the maidens have their backs turned to Washington, said to represent the colonies that had seceded from the Union at the time of painting. Across the circle from Washington is the banner "E Pluribus Unum" meaning "out of many, one".


title: The Apotheosis of Washington

text: Surrounding Washington, the two goddesses and the 13 maidens are six scenes lining the perimeter, each representing a national concept allegorically: from directly below Washington in the center and moving clockwise, "War," "Science," "Marine," "Commerce," "Mechanics," and "Agriculture". The perimeter scenes are not fully visible from the floor of the Capitol.


title: Rachel Feinstein (comedian)

text: Rachel Feinstein is an American actress and stand-up comedian. Feinstein was a finalist on Season 7 of "Last Comic Standing". Rachel plays a comedian performing as herself in the feature film "Her Composition".


title: Rachel Feinstein (comedian)

text: Feinstein grew up in Bethesda, Maryland. Her father was a civil rights lawyer and a blues musician and her mother was a social worker. Her father is from a Jewish family, whereas her mother converted to Judaism. She moved to New York City at age 17 and slowly developed her character-driven standup act.


title: Rachel Feinstein (comedian)

text: Feinstein was a finalist on Season 7 of "Last Comic Standing". She played a comedian performing as herself in the feature film "Her Composition", directed by Stephan Littger. She has also appeared on the HBO series "Crashing".


title: Rachel Feinstein (comedian)

text: On the "Dudley & Bob with Matt Show" morning radio show (KLBJ-93.7 FM, Austin, TX), Feinstein announced that her boyfriend at the time was a comedy writer who writes on one of her television shows. During a December 2014 appearance on "The View", Feinstein revealed her boyfriend at the time was Tommy Cody, an executive producer of truTV's "Impractical Jokers". In September 2018, she married New York City Fire Captain Peter Brennan. Best friend and fellow comedian Amy Schumer was her maid of honor. On February 20, 2020, again on the "Dudley & Bob with Matt Afternoon Show" (93.7 KLBJ-FM), Rachel stated she was 7 months pregnant. She said she plans to continue performing while she’s pregnant, as long as possible. She gave birth to a daughter.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: The military history of the United States during the Korean War began in the context of the defeat of Japan by the Allied Powers in World War II which heralded the end to 35 years of Japanese occupation of the Korean Peninsula and led to the peninsula being divided into two zones; a northern zone occupied by the Soviet Union and a southern zone occupied by the United States. After negotiations on reunification failed, the latter became the Republic of Korea or South Korea in August 1948 while the former became the Democratic People's Republic of Korea or North Korea in September 1948.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: In 1950, a North Korean invasion began the Korean War, which saw extensive U.S.-led U.N. intervention in support of the South, while the North received support from China and from the Soviet Union. Some 1,780,000 Americans served in the war, with 36,574 killed, 103,284 wounded, and 4,714 taken as prisoners of war.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: The president of the United States at the start of the war was Harry S. Truman, while at the end of the war the country was led by Dwight Eisenhower, who took over from Truman in January 1953. A controversial event in the war domestically was when President Truman fired General Douglas MacArthur in April 1951. Another point of controversy were the Chinese and North Korean allegations that the U.N. forces engaged in biological warfare. Ultimately, the war became a major issue in the November 1952 presidential election, and aided Eisenhower's victory.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: At the conclusion of World War II the Allied nations began the process of disarmament of Axis controlled regions. Japan occupied Korea at this time and had been in control since 1910. In 1945, the decision was made to have American Marines forces oversee Japanese surrender and disarmament south of the 38th parallel and the Soviet Union would facilitate the change of power to the north. At the time there was no political motivation and seemed to be a logical and convenient plan of action. The original agreement and intent was to create a unified and independent Korea out of the post Japanese occupation era. Instead each side of the 38th parallel established its own government under the influence of the occupational country; the United States in South Korea and the Soviet Union in North Korea. Both new Korean governments discredited the other and claimed to be the only legitimate political system. Tensions between the North and South escalated and each side began to petition foreign powers for resources and support. South Korea wanted weapons and supplies from President Truman and the United States government while North Korea sought help from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union. The United States was still war weary from the disruptive World War II campaign and refused South Korea's request for weapons and troops. North Korea convinced the Soviet Union to supply them with the weapons and support they requested. This decision coincided with the United States withdrawing the last remaining combat troops from South Korea. North Korea saw its opportunity and attacked South Korean forces at the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950 and thus initiating the Korean War.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: In response to North Korea's invasion into South Korea the United Nations convened to formulate a response. The U.N. demanded North Korea's immediate withdrawal and, when this was not met, United States Army General Douglas MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of U.N. forces. To halt the rapid progress of North Korean forces into the south Task Force Smith was deployed to the Korean front from Japan. Task Force Smith consisted of U.S. Army officers and regiments of the Army's 24th Infantry Division that were stationed in Japan as occupational forces. The 24th were under trained, poorly supplied, and outnumbered. The 24th offered very little resistance against the North Korean advance. American and South Korean troops were pushed south and in late July 1950 Task Force Smith was overrun in the city of Taejon. Troops from the Army's 25th Infantry Division were deployed to Taejon to establish a new line and pullout the decimated 24th I.D. This addition of combat troops did not stop the North Korean advance and both American and South Korean troops were pushed further south.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: The first battle the Americans entered in the Korean War was the Battle of Osan, where about four hundred U.S. soldiers landed in Busan airport on the first of July, 1950. The American troops were sent off to Taejon the next morning where Major General John H. Church the head of U.S. field headquarters was confident in the US troop's strengths to push back the North Koreans. On July 5 the troops were finally put to the test when North Korean tanks crept towards Osan. The four hundred infantryman of the U.S. also called Task Force Smith opened fire on the North Koreans at 8:16 am. Only four of the North Korean tanks were destroyed and twenty-nine kept moving forward breaking the US line. At the end of the battle only two more North Korean Tanks and two regiments of North Korean infantry were destroyed. The US had lost the battle, revealing that the mere sight of US troops would not reverse the military balance in Korea. By early August, the North Korean troops had pushed back the US and South Korean troops all the way to Naktong River, which is located about thirty miles from Busan. The two weeks of fighting following this resulted in the most casualties of US troops than any other equivalent period of this war. However, during this time the US pushed supplies and personnel to Korea and by the end of July South Koreans and US troops outnumbered the North Koreans, although the North had pushed back the US and South significantly the North had suffered over fifty thousand casualties. Also, because North Korea's supply lines were so lengthy and with the US in control of the water and air replenishing their losses were slow.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: Although MacArthur clearly stated that the Battle of Incheon was a 5000 to 1 gamble, it was an important military move to make. Incheon is 25 miles from Seoul on the coast and only once during September is the water even deep enough to allow the 29 foot draft of American LSTs. It was a defenders' best place to allow troops into Korea, and to push the invaders back. On September 15 the 1st Marine Division landed at the port city, taking the defending North Koreans completely by surprise, and by the end of the night over a third of Incheon was taken back.


title: United States in the Korean War

text: During the mid-1940s, Germany and Japan were both at a desperate state caused by World War II. Germany received a sort of benefit from the U.S. as a compensation of war and reconstruction. The Japanese on the other end were devastated by the aftermath. People were suffering, eating out of garbage, and many people starved. Meanwhile, the U.S. troops in the Korean War were in great demand of uniforms and other equipment. The American government turned to Japan for the favor, which eventually stimulated the manufacturing factories that were in jeopardy due to damage caused by World War II. Japan accepted the offer and mainly supplied U.S. troops in Korea with uniforms and other sorts of clothing. Bases were also erected in Japan for U.S. Air Force planes, such as B-29 Superfortress bombers.


title: Luke Donald

text: Luke Campbell Donald MBE (born 7 December 1977) is an English professional golfer and former world number one. He plays mainly on the U.S.-based PGA Tour but is also a member of the European Tour.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald had an outstanding year in 2011, winning several tournaments and awards. He won the PGA Tour money list and European Race to Dubai to complete a historic double, becoming the first player to win both money lists on the PGA and European Tours in the same year. He was named the PGA Player of the Year and the European Tour Golfer of the Year. He also became the first Englishman to win the PGA Tour Player of the Year award, the PGA Tour's Vardon Trophy and the Mark H. McCormack Award for the most weeks at number one during a calendar year. He was later awarded honorary life membership of the European Tour for his achievements in 2011.


title: Luke Donald

text: In May 2011, Donald became the number one golfer in the Official World Golf Ranking after winning the BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth Club. He held the number one position for 40 weeks between May 2011 and March 2012 before Rory McIlroy briefly took over as world number one. The pair then exchanged the number one position a further four times in the following two months. On 27 May 2012, Donald regained the world number one ranking after successfully defending his BMW PGA Championship title. He held the number one position for a further 10 weeks before McIlroy displaced him again. Donald has spent a cumulative total of 56 weeks as the World Number One and has spent over 200 weeks in the top-10. He was awarded an MBE in 2012 for services to golf. Donald has had eight top-10 finishes in major championships, with two third-place finishes. He is one of two golfers to achieve the world number one ranking without winning a major, the other being Lee Westwood.


title: Luke Donald

text: Although his father was from Stranraer in southwest Scotland, Donald was born in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. He has described himself as "half Scottish". Nevertheless, Donald plays golf as an Englishman and represented England in golf's World Cup. Donald attended the Rudolf Steiner School in Kings Langley and later the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe. He played junior golf at Hazlemere and Beaconsfield Golf Clubs. He was twice the club champion of Beaconsfield, first winning the championship at the age of 15. Donald's brother Christian also played junior golf and caddied for Luke.


title: Luke Donald

text: Coming from England, he joined College Prospects of America, a service also employed by golfer Martin Laird, which created a résumé for him and sent it to all the major colleges and universities in the United States. Several coaches responded, including Wally Goodwin at Stanford University. Goodwin recruited Donald to join his golf squad, but Donald was not admitted to the university.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald subsequently took a golf scholarship at Northwestern University in 1997, where he studied art theory and practice, and became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. His golf coach at Northwestern University was Pat Goss. He won the individual NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships men's title in 1999, beating the scoring record formerly held by Tiger Woods. He and David Lipsky share the Northwestern University school record of 202, for a 54-hole tournament score. Luke also became the first amateur to win the Chicago Open in 2000.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald turned professional in 2001, making his debut as a professional at the Reno-Tahoe Open on the PGA Tour courtesy of a sponsors exemption. He missed the cut in his debut, but managed to earn invitations into six more events on the PGA Tour in 2001, making three cuts. He earned his tour card for the 2002 season by finishing T23rd at the Q-School.


title: Luke Donald

text: In 2002, Donald made his first start as a member of the PGA Tour at the Sony Open in Hawaii, finishing tied for 13th. Donald won his maiden title on the PGA Tour in November 2002 at the Southern Farm Bureau Classic. The tournament was reduced to 54 holes after significant rain meant unplayable conditions and washed out play on the Sunday. He was two strokes back at the halfway stage, but birdied holes 15, 16 and 17 on Saturday for a 67 and a one stroke advantage over South African Deane Pappas. After the final round was cancelled, Donald was crowned champion on Monday morning. With this success he became only the 11th rookie in PGA Tour history to earn more than $1 million in his first season.


title: Luke Donald

text: The 2003 season was less successful for Donald. He played solidly and made 17 of 25 cuts on the PGA Tour, but only two of these were top-10 finishes. He did however finish in a tie for third at the Scandinavian Masters on the European Tour in August 2003.


title: Luke Donald

text: In 2004, Donald won the Omega European Masters and the Scandinavian Masters on the European Tour. In the same year he was a member of the victorious European Ryder Cup team and also won the WGC-World Cup for England in partnership with Paul Casey.


title: Luke Donald

text: In 2005, Donald made his debut at the Masters Tournament and finished tied for 3rd place. He described his debut at Augusta National as "a great performance – I am very happy with that". Donald rose in the World Rankings from 130th at the turn of the year to 13th in the world in April 2005 after his top-3 finish at the Masters. Later in the year Donald, along with Tom Watson, was one of two players to play with Jack Nicklaus in the final two rounds of golf in his career, at the 2005 Open Championship at Old Course at St Andrews.


title: Luke Donald

text: In March 2006, Donald won his second U.S. PGA Tour event at the Honda Classic in Florida, a victory which moved him into the top ten of the World Rankings for the first time. Donald finished tied for 3rd at the 2006 PGA Championship. To date, his third-place finishes at the 2006 PGA Championship and at the 2005 Masters are his best performances in major championships. In September 2006, Donald won his singles match 2&1 against Chad Campbell in the 36th Ryder Cup to help ensure Europe won the trophy for the third successive time. Donald also won in the foursomes twice, with Sergio García. Donald took part in three matches in the Ryder Cup that year, winning all of them.


title: Luke Donald

text: In 2008, Donald sustained an injury to his left wrist at the U.S. Open that forced him to withdraw from the tournament during the final round. His injury resulted in him having a six-month lay-off from competitive golf which meant that he missed out on playing in the Open Championship, the PGA Championship and the Ryder Cup that year.


title: Luke Donald

text: In May 2010, Donald won the Madrid Masters by one shot for his first title in four years. In October 2010, Donald was a member of the European team that won the 2010 Ryder Cup with a one-point win over the USA.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald's biggest win to date came in February 2011 at the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship when he defeated the German Martin Kaymer 3&2 in the final. During the final, Donald built a three-up lead over the first five holes. However, Kaymer pegged him back and won three of the next four holes meaning the match was all square entering the back-nine. Donald was able to regain his lead with two successive wins at holes 11 and 12, then followed that up with a birdie on hole 15 to re-build his three-up lead with three holes to play. Both players then parred the par-3 16th, ensuring Donald's first World Golf Championship title and the biggest victory of his career.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald had been in exceptional form all week and held an unprecedented record of having never trailed at any point during the week. He started the tournament off in fine fashion with a 6&5 win over American Charley Hoffman. In the second round Donald faced fellow Ryder Cup teammate Edoardo Molinari. It was a tight match that went down to the 17th, when Donald holed a birdie putt to seal a 2&1 victory. His third round opponent was another Italian, this time the young 17-year-old Matteo Manassero, who Donald beat 3&2. In the quarter-final on Saturday, he faced American Ryan Moore and won at the 14th with a 5&4 victory. In his semi-final match against Matt Kuchar, Donald was in magnificent form winning 6&5, having found himself seven-up through the first 10 holes.


title: Luke Donald

text: It was indeed Donald's form on the front-nine all week that took him to this title, as apart from the final when Kaymer came back to square the match, Donald was able to build unassailable leads en route to victory. As a result of this tournament victory, Donald climbed to his highest ever World Ranking position of number three in the world.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald continued his early-season form at The Heritage at Harbour Town Golf Links when he held the lead going into final round with Jim Furyk. With the pressure of knowing that he would become the new world number 1, he shot a one under par 70 to finish tied with American Brandt Snedeker, who fired a 64 (−7). In the playoff, both players birdied the first hole and then parred the second hole. However, at the third extra hole, Donald made bogey when his chip ran narrowly past the outside edge of the hole, giving Snedeker the win with a par.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald continued his excellent match play form in May, reaching the final of the Volvo World Match Play Championship, which he eventually lost 2&1 to fellow Englishman Ian Poulter. He knew that had he had won this tournament he would have gone to world number one for the first time in his career. Donald had previously beaten Ross Fisher, Charl Schwartzel and Martin Kaymer to reach the final; however, he did not add the Volvo World Match Play title to his WGC-Accenture Match Play title he won earlier in the year. This defeat ended Donald's run of 14 consecutive match play wins.


title: Luke Donald

text: In May 2011, Donald beat Lee Westwood in a playoff to win the European Tour's flagship event, the BMW PGA Championship at the Wentworth Club. This was Donald's fifth victory on the European Tour and in the process achieving one of the game's highest accolades of becoming the world number one. Westwood had entered the tournament as number one in the world and the sudden-death playoff at the end of 72 holes provided a subplot of world numbers one and two contesting for the championship. On the first playoff hole, the par-five 18th, after both laying up with their second shots, Donald played a pitch for his third shot to leave himself a putt of no more than six feet for birdie. Westwood's approach shot to the green spun back into the water hazard. Westwood chipped out from the drop zone and made double bogey, leaving Donald to hole out for a birdie to win the title and become the new world number one. Donald was the third Englishman to hold the number one position in the Official World Golf Ranking since its inception in 1986.


title: Luke Donald

text: In July 2011, Donald won his first tournament as the world number one at the Barclays Scottish Open, which was held the week before the 2011 Open Championship. He shot a bogey free −9 on Sunday to finish four strokes clear of Sweden's Fredrik Andersson Hed. The tournament however, was badly affected by heavy rain in the Inverness area, with the course becoming flooded, washing out all of Saturday's play. A decision was taken to reduce the tournament to 54 holes.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald finished second at the 2011 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, four shots behind winner Adam Scott. He won his fourth title of the year at the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals Classic in October 2011. With the win, he secured the PGA Tour money list title, the Vardon Trophy, the Byron Nelson Award, and the PGA Player of the Year. He later was voted the PGA Tour Player of the Year.


title: Luke Donald

text: In December, Donald finished third at the Dubai World Championship and therefore secured the European Tour Race to Dubai for 2011, becoming the first golfer to officially claim top rank on both PGA Tour and European Tour money lists in the same year (although if Tiger Woods had ever taken up official membership of the European Tour, he would have also achieved this accolade on a number of occasions).


title: Luke Donald

text: At the first WGC event of the year, the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, Donald in defence of his title he won in 2011, was eliminated in the opening round by South African Ernie Els who beat him 5&4. He was in danger of being knocked off the top of the world rankings as both Rory McIlroy and Lee Westwood progressed to the semi-finals, either would have taken over the top spot by winning the tournament. However, neither could win the title and Donald kept his number one status. However, he did lose his status the following week, after electing not to play at The Honda Classic. McIlroy won the tournament and took over as world number one.


title: Luke Donald

text: Two weeks later, Donald won the Transitions Championship to reclaim the number one ranking from McIlroy. This was his fifth victory on the PGA Tour and came after a solid week's play culminating in a four-man playoff with Robert Garrigus, Bae Sang-moon and Jim Furyk. Donald had earlier shot a bogey-free round of 66, which included 5 birdies in his first 11 holes to make the playoff. After a loose tee shot found the rough, Donald hit a brilliant seven iron approach to within six feet on the 18th, the first extra hole. Garrigus also knocked his close, while Furyk and Bae left themselves lengthy birdie putts. There had only been 5 birdies all day in regulation play on the 18th and when Furyk, Bae and Garrigus all missed their putts, Donald brushed his in for the victory and the number one ranking.


title: Luke Donald

text: On 15 April 2012, Donald lost the number one ranking to McIlroy when he failed to finish inside the top 8 at the RBC Heritage. This cut short his second term as the world's number one player, ending after a four-week spell. Donald finished third at the Zurich Classic of New Orleans two weeks later to once again reclaim the number one ranking. He lost the number one spot the following week after McIlroy's runner-up finish at the Wells Fargo Championship.


title: Luke Donald

text: On 23 May 2012, Donald was awarded honorary life membership of the European Tour in recognition of his achievements in the 2011 season. In the same week, Donald retained his title at the BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth on 27 May 2012, with a four stroke victory over Justin Rose and Paul Lawrie. He shot all four rounds in the 60s, including a final round 68 with five birdies and only one bogey to claim victory. He became only the third player to successfully defend the European Tour's flagship event, alongside Nick Faldo and Colin Montgomerie. The victory was Donald's seventh title on the European Tour and resulted in a return to World Number One for the fourth time.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald missed the cut at the 2012 U.S. Open, finishing +11 with rounds of 79 and 72. In his next major appearance, at the 2012 Open Championship, Donald equalled his best finish at the event of tied 5th. After rounds of 70-68-71, he produced a final round of 68 on a difficult day for scoring to advance up the leaderboard nine places to equal his best finish. On 12 August 2012, McIlroy won the 2012 PGA Championship. Donald finished in a tie for 32nd place at the tournament and again lost the world number one position to the Northern Irishman. In November, Donald won his third tournament of 2012, the Dunlop Phoenix tournament in Japan. In doing so he overtook Tiger Woods and returned to second place in the world rankings.


title: Luke Donald

text: In March 2013, as defending champion at the Tampa Bay Championship, Donald finished in a tie for fourth. He missed his first-ever cut in a European Tour event at the Maybank Malaysian Open. It was his first missed cut in 119 career European Tour starts. As the two-time defending champion, Donald then endured the disappointment of missing the halfway cut at the 2013 BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth after shooting rounds of 78 and 72, missing the cut by four strokes.


title: Luke Donald

text: At the 2013 U.S. Open held at Merion Golf Club, Donald was only two shots behind leader Phil Mickelson entering the final round after shooting rounds of 68, 72 and 71. Donald then shot a final round of 75 (+5) to finish in a tie for eighth, recording the first top 10-finish of his career in a U.S. Open tournament. Donald missed the halfway cut at both the 2013 Open Championship and 2013 PGA Championship, marking the first time in his career that he missed cuts at consecutive majors in a single year. In November 2013, Donald defended his title at the Dunlop Phoenix on the Japan Golf Tour, cruising to a six shot victory over the field. This was his first win of the 2013 season.


title: Luke Donald

text: Late in 2013, Donald changed from long-time swing coach Pat Goss, to Chuck Cook, who coached Jason Dufner to the 2013 PGA Championship. Donald started the season promisingly, with top-10s in the Honda Classic and the Valspar Championship before missing the cut by one shot at the Masters in April. Just prior to Augusta, Donald had lost a place in the world's top 30 for the first time since 2008. He returned at RBC Heritage, where he held a two-shot lead after 54 holes, only to be narrowly beaten by Matt Kuchar, but he finished 2nd and returned to the world's top 20. Several weeks later, and Donald finished in 38th at The Players Championship. He also tied for third at the BMW PGA Championship in May. He failed to make the European Ryder Cup team after losing out on a wild card pick from captain Paul McGinley. In November, Donald announced that he had switched back to his old coach Pat Goss as he believed that he was not making any progress under Cook after facing the disappointment of missing the Ryder Cup.


title: Luke Donald

text: In the first event of the 2015 European Tour season at the Nedbank Golf Challenge, Donald led the tournament after 36 holes after a 63, and again after 54 holes. He was unable to hold onto that lead after 72 holes and had to settle for third place behind Danny Willett and Ross Fisher. Donald had to face sectional qualifying for the U.S. Open for the first time in 11 years due to his fall to 66th in the world ranking. He managed to finish at the top of his qualifier at the Bears Club to seal a spot.


title: Luke Donald

text: In his first 10 events of the 2016 season, Donald failed to record a single top-10 finish and had only one top-25 in this time. This lack of form caused Donald to fail to qualify for the Masters in April, for the first time since 2004, due to falling down to 90th in the World Rankings. The following week, Donald finished in a tie for second place behind Branden Grace at the RBC Heritage. This was the fourth time he had been runner-up at the event, without have yet captured the title. It was also Donald's best PGA Tour result since 2014 at the same event. Donald had held the 54-hole lead by a single stroke, but was beaten by Grace who carded a final round 66 to win by two strokes.


title: Luke Donald

text: In April 2017, Donald finished runner-up at the RBC Heritage, one stroke behind the winner, Wesley Bryan. This was the fifth time that Donald had finished as a runner-up at the event, without ever winning at Harbour Town Golf Links. This moved him to third on the list of players to have runner-up finishes in an event without winning, behind Jack Nicklaus's seven at the Canadian Open and Phil Mickelson's six at the U.S. Open.


title: Luke Donald

text: In November 2017, Donald was forced to withdraw from the RSM Classic after experiencing chest pains before his first round. Donald was rushed to hospital but was later released. His premature end to the season meant he finished outside the world's top 100 for the first time since his rookie year.


title: Luke Donald

text: During the 2018 PGA Tour season, Donald entered eight tournaments and missed the cut in all but two of them. His best finish was a T37 at the Genesis Open at Riviera Country Club. He finished 214th in the season-long FedEx Cup. In April 2018, back pain forced him to take several months off. Donald was granted a major medical exemption for the 2019 PGA Tour season. He had 15 starts to earn 335.891 FedEx Cup points.


title: Luke Donald

text: European captain Thomas Bjørn named Donald as a vice-captain for the 2018 Ryder Cup. Europe regained the Ryder Cup defeating the U.S. 17 1/2 to 10 1/2 points.


title: Luke Donald

text: On the European Tour, Donald played in the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship in October 2018 and finished T61. He also played in the Sky Sports British Masters, missing the cut. At the end of 2018 Luke Donald's world ranking had fallen to 609.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald playing in only his second event of 2019 on his come back from injury, was in contention at the Valspar Championship. He shot rounds of 67-70-70 over the first three rounds to begin the final round, three behind the leader. When he then eagled the first hole, he was temporarily one off the lead, however he struggled during the rest of the final round which resulted in a 73 and T9 finish. This result moved Donald from 919th to 548th in the world rankings. Later in the season, Donald finished T10 at the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald's medical exemption ended in February 2020. He did not meet the terms and used a career earnings exemption for the remainder of the season.


title: Luke Donald

text: On August 1, 2022, Donald was announced as the captain of the European Ryder Cup team for the 2023 matches in Italy, replacing Henrik Stenson who had been removed from the role due to his decision to join LIV Golf.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald worked with Pat Goss as coach from his time at Northwestern University until 2013. He added Dave Alred from 2010 to 2012, during which period he reached World Number 1 Donald stopped working with Alred after citing an 'over-analysis' of his game as a factor behind poor performance in the 2012 Majors.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald signed with sports management company IMG in 2003. In January 2014, Donald left IMG and signed with agency Lagardère Unlimited. He has a multi-year contract with Mizuno Corp. As part of this sponsorship Donald plays with Mizuno Fairway Woods, Irons and Wedges. He also wears his trademark Mizuno visor as part of his sponsorship. It has been reported that he receives $1 million just for wearing his Mizuno visor, and this could quadruple if he wins a major event such as the Masters. Donald also has a sponsorship deal with Jordan, who supply his personal and golf shoes. He formerly had tour sponsorships with Royal Bank of Canada as well as Zurich Insurance.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald was sponsored by Polo Ralph Lauren for more than a decade but he announced on Twitter on 30 December 2017 that he would no longer be wearing Polo Ralph Lauren RLX on the golf course. On 2 January 2018, Donald announced that he would be sponsored by Greyson Clothiers going forward.


title: Luke Donald

text: In 2007, Luke Donald entered into a partnership with Terlato Wines to create a collection of bespoke wines. The first wine released (in April 2008) was a Claret-style red wine blend and a Carneros Chardonnay was released in spring 2009. Since then, a Viognier (2010) was added to the Luke Donald Collection, produced in the Central Coast of California. The wines reflect Donald's personal interest in and passion for food and wine.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald met his future wife, Chicago native Diane Antonopoulos, while attending Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. He proposed in June 2006, and the couple married on 24 June 2007 in Santorini, Greece. They have three daughters. The couple owns homes in Northfield, Illinois, Evanston, Illinois, and Jupiter, Florida.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald studied art theory and practice in college, and enjoys painting and drawing when not on tour. In 2002, one of his oil paintings was auctioned by the PGA Tour for charity. Donald and his wife are also avid collectors of contemporary art.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald's father, Colin Donald, died on 8 November 2011, just three days before the birth of Luke's second daughter, Sophia Ann Grace, on 11 November 2011.


title: Luke Donald

text: Donald was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to golf.


title: Luke Donald

text: His third daughter, Georgina, was born on 23 May 2014, while Donald was in England playing the BMW PGA Championship.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Die Toten Hosen (literally "The Dead Trousers", figuratively "The Deadbeats") is a German punk rock band from Düsseldorf.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The current members of Die Toten Hosen are Campino (Andreas Frege), Kuddel (Andreas von Holst), Vom (Stephen Ritchie), Andi (Andreas Meurer) and Breiti (Michael Breitkopf). All members except one are German, though Campino's mother, Jenny, was English. The drummer Vom comes from England. He joined in 1999, after previous drummer Wölli sustained injuries in a car crash. Wölli had played from 1985 to 1999 and was an honorary member of the band until his death in 2016. The drummer until 1985 was Trini Trimpop, who became the band's manager when Wölli joined.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The band is reputed to have played for free at private birthday parties or similar events in their early years, so long as the host provided them with unlimited beer and covered all damage caused by the band.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Die Toten Hosen formed in 1982 at the Ratinger Hof, a Düsseldorf bar frequented by punk musicians. Its founder members were Campino and Andreas von Holst, both from local punk band ZK, with Andreas Meurer, Michael Breitkopf, Trini Trimpop and Walter November. According to their friend and one time promoter Andrea Berzen, they chose the name "Die toten Hosen" – which literally translates as "the dead trousers" but connotes the German idiom "hier ist tote Hose" or "hier herrscht tote Hose" meaning "there is nothing going on here", "it’s boring here" – over "Die Pariser". According to Andrea Berzen, Campino preferred the former because it implied that their concerts might not be sold out, but there might be "tote Hose" on the nights.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: At their first concert at the Bremer Schlachthof over Easter 1982, the compère mistakenly introduced them as Die Toten Hasen (The Dead Hares). The debut single "Wir sind bereit" (We are ready) was released in 1982, and was followed by their first album, "Opel-Gang", the next year.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Guitarist Walter November left the band in November 1983 due to his drug problems. One of the two A sides of the third single was the drinking song "Eisgekühlter Bommerlunder" (ice-cold Bommerlunder schnapps), which received considerable radio airplay and increased their fan base. The band released their first album titled "Opel-Gang" in early 1983 on their own label Totenkopf (skull).


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In July 1983, the band signed to EMI, who financed a video for "Eisgekühlter Bommerlunder", directed by Wolfgang Büld. It depicts a chaotic wedding ceremony in a small Bavarian church, with Kurt Raab playing an alcoholic priest and Marianne Sägebrecht playing the bride. After the filming the congregation called for the church to be reconsecrated. German public television refused to screen the video for several years for fear of offending churchgoers.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: At the end of 1983, they released "Hip Hop Bommi Bop", a hip-hop version of "Eisgekühlter Bommerlunder" featuring New York rapper Fab Five Freddy.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1984 the band played a session on the BBC’s John Peel Show. EMI were displeased with the band’s high travel costs and by Norbert Hähnel publicly parodying their million-selling artist Heino at a Toten Hosen concert. Heino successfully obtained a court order to cease and desist. Die Toten Hosen left EMI and signed to Virgin Records. Their second album "Unter Falscher Flagge" ("Under False Colours"), was released in 1984. The title explained the front cover of the LP, which carried a picture of the band members dressed as pirates aboard a ship. The original back cover featured the skeleton of a dog sitting in front of a gramophone, a caricature of the His Master's Voice artwork used by EMI. Legal action by EMI prompted the album cover to be changed to the skeleton of an eagle, which, along with the Jolly Roger, became a band logo.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In Spring 1985, the band toured France for the Goethe Institute and in Autumn they travelled to Hungary and Poland. In late 1985, Trini Trimpop moved from drumming for the band into their management, where he worked until 1992. Jakob Keusen briefly replaced him as the band's drummer before Wolfgang Rohde (Wölli) took over in January 1986. Rohde’s first concert was also the band’s first concert in front of a very large audience. Along with Herbert Grönemeyer, Udo Lindenberg, Marius Müller-Westernhagen, BAP, the Rodgau Monotones and many others, they performed at the Anti-WAAhnsinns-Festival in July 1986 to protest the construction of the nearby Nuclear reprocessing plant Wackersdorf.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1986, they recorded their third album, "Damenwahl" (Ladies’ Choice). The Damenwahl tour was sponsored by the northern German condom manufacturer Fromms, who arranged for free samples to be scattered amongst the crowd. In 1987, the band celebrated its first chart success with the record "Never Mind the Hosen, Here's Die Roten Rosen" ("Never mind the Trousers – Here’s the Red Roses") using the pseudonym Die Roten Rosen (The Red Roses). The album contains rock versions of German 1960s pop songs. The name and cover art of the record are a parody of the LP Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the Sex Pistols by the Sex Pistols from 1977.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In late 1987, Die Toten Hosen released their first live album "Bis zum bitteren Ende" (Till the Bitter End). It charted in the German and Austrian Top 30.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1988, the band released their commercial breakthrough, the album "Ein kleines bisschen Horrorschau" (A little bit of horrorshow). The album referenced the Anthony Burgess's novel "A Clockwork Orange" and Stanley Kubrick's film of the same name and was largely written for Bernd Schadewald’s theatre adaption of "A Clockwork Orange". For half a year the band played on stage at the Kammerspiele Bad Godesberg theatre in Bonn, alongside Ralf Richter, the play's lead actor. In September 1988, Die Toten Hosen performed at the Lituanika Festival in Vilnius and Kaunas, Lithuania. They were chosen by the jury as the best band of the event. The album included "Hier kommt Alex" (Here comes Alex) was later re-recorded in an unplugged version in 2005 incorporating the opening piano phrase of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Their spring tour in 1989 included a sell-out performance at the huge Westfalenhallen in Dortmund. The band released "3 Akkorde für ein Halleluja" (3 Chords for a Hallelujah), a video documentary of their lives. In 1990 the Toten Hosen were invited to attend the New Music Seminar in New York and performed as support for The Rolling Stones in Cologne. That summer the band travelled to Italy to report on the FIFA World Cup for various newspapers and radio stations. For this purpose they recorded a rock cover version of the classic "Azzurro" by Adriano Celentano, accompanied by a video satirising the behaviour of German football fans when abroad. The double album "Kreuzzug ins Glück" (Crusade to happiness) was released in 1990 and sold over 150,000 copies in its first week.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1991 the Toten Hosen released their album "Learning English Lesson One", a tribute to the band's musical influences, consisting mainly of cover versions of English punk rock classics. Each track featured at least one member of the original band that had recorded it. Several songs were recorded in Rio de Janeiro with Great Train Robber Ronald Biggs. The album also marked the beginning of the band's collaboration with T.V. Smith, songwriter and lead singer of The Adverts, which continues to the present day.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The band's 1992 "Menschen, Tiere, Sensationen" (People, Animals, Sensations) tour included concerts in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, Great Britain, Spain, France and a their first ever dates in Argentina.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The single "Sascha … ein aufrechter Deutscher" (Sascha... an upstanding German) was released for Christmas 1992 as a vehement condemnation of right-wing radicalism. The proceeds of this song were donated to an anti-racist charity campaign in Düsseldorf. The right-wing Republikaner party failed in its attempt to have the song banned for defamation and thereby unintentionally contributed to the success of the single. The song grossed half a million Deutsche Mark.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1993, the album "Kauf MICH!" (Buy ME!) was released and reached number one in the German charts. Its songs express opinions on consumerism, advertisement and right-wing extremism. In the summer of 1993 Die Toten Hosen performed as the supporting act for U2 on their Zoo TV tour in Germany, with audiences of over 50,000 people at each concert. The video to the song "Kauf MICH!" shows footage of these concerts. In the same year, the band released Reich & Sexy (Rich & Sexy), their first best-of album. On the cover the members of the band are naked, portraying pretentious millionaires from the music industry surrounded by nude women. An international version of the best-of album was released in 1994 called "Love, Peace & Money". For a period, Die Toten Hosen had three albums in the German charts at the same time.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1994 the band was on the road for almost the entire year in Germany and neighbouring countries. In November they gave four concerts in the US and in Canada as support act for Green Day. Starting in April 1995, the Toten Hosen got their own radio program on Fritz radio in Berlin, called "Tausend Takte Tanzmusik" ("a thousand beats of dance music"). The show aired every Sunday from 7 to 8 p.m. for a year. At the end of the year the band founded their own record label JKP.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The first album under their own label was "Opium fürs Volk" (opium for the people), released in 1996. Its songs deal with faith and religion. The album went platinum, their third record to do so, after "Kauf MICH!" and "Reich und sexy". The single "Zehn kleine Jägermeister" (ten little master huntsmen or rather: ten little Jägermeisters) went to number one of the German-speaking singles charts. Die Toten Hosen and Iggy Pop were a supporting act at the Ramones farewell concert in the River-Plate-Stadion of Buenos Aires in front of 75,000 people. An extended tour followed under the slogan "Ewig währt am längsten" (Eternity lasts longest) through Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Furthermore, they performed at the Gurtenfestival, the Forestglade Festival, the Berlin Waldbühne and at the Bizarre Festival in Cologne. In May 1996 they headlined the Rock am Ring festival. In the same year the band released their second live album "Im Auftrag des Herrn" (on the Lord's behalf).


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Their 1000th concert was on 28 June 1997 in the Düsseldorfer Rheinstadium, and was attended by over 60,000 fans. The death of Dutch girl Rieke Lax at the concert prompted the band to release the song "Alles ist eins" (Everything is one) in her memory.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The 1998 Warped Tour took in New Zealand, Australia, Japan and Hawaii. Campino was twice hospitalised after concerts in Byron Bay and Geelong in Australia.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Die Toten Hosen have collaborated with numerous other musicians (like Bad Religion, AC/DC, U2, Rolling Stones); they are also one of the few German punk bands popular outside Germany, with a large following in South America, Australia and Eastern Europe.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The band's members are passionate fans of their local football team, Fortuna Düsseldorf, which they sponsored from 2001 to 2003. When a goal is scored at the club's ground, the Esprit Arena, the chorus of the band's song "Strom" is played. The band released a football-themed song named "Bayern" in 2000 in which they proclaim that they would not join Bayern Munich under any circumstances. Campino mentioned that the band lost significant CD sales in the southern Germany since the release of the song.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In August 2006, Campino starred as Mack the Knife in Brecht's "The Threepenny Opera" at Berlin's Admiralspalast, a short distance from the theatre where the play premiered in 1928. The director, famous actor Klaus Maria Brandauer, was criticised for the play's unadventurous staging, but Campino was cheered by the audience.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Artist Andreas Gursky produced "Tote Hosen", a blown up photograph of the crowd from a Die Toten Hosen concert, depicting youths excitedly cheering for the band, many wearing the red Hosen shirt. It is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Faith No More bassist Billy Gould wore a Toten Hosen tee shirt on the cover of their greatest hits album, "". Faith No More have covered the Toten Hosen song "Hofgarten" in live shows.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: German rock group Samsas Traum covered "Hier kommt Alex" with a more gothic sound. Lead singer Alexander Kaschte changes the final lyric to "Hey! Ich bin Alex!" (Hey! I am Alex!) as a wry joke. British punk band UK Subs recorded an English-language cover of the song on their 1993 album "Normal Service Resumed". '"Hier kommt Alex" is featured in video games "" and "Rock Band" (European version). The song was also released as a downloadable track on the American version of Rock Band on 27 May 2008. Die Toten Hosen also have a special edition of SingStar for PlayStation 2, devoted exclusively to the band, featuring 24 tracks and videos from over the decades, which was released in 2007.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: MC Frontalot, in collaboration with faux-German electronic musician KOMPRESSOR on the track "Rappers We Crush", rhymes "What did I do to deserve this?/What was my crime?/Was it because I sampled Die Toten Hosen that one time?"


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 2002 and 2005, the band played at Przystanek Woodstock, the biggest open air festival in Europe. In 2010, the band played several dates in Central Asia and became the first foreign rock band to perform in the former Soviet republic of Tajikistan since 1991. The band was criticised for accepting €68,000 of German government funding towards this tour. On 2 October 2010, the band played in Amman, Jordan, their first concert in the Middle East.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 2012, Die Toten Hosen released their album "Ballast der Republik". A special edition includes a bonus CD with cover versions of songs that influenced the band. On 26 April 2016 it was announced that former drummer Wolfgang Rohde had died of cancer.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In early 2018, Members of Die Toten Hosen recorded backing vocals on Australian band The Living End's eighth studio album Wunderbar, which was recorded in Germany.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: All band members are self-taught musicians. At the beginning of their musical career most of them were still at school. Their first album was recorded in a studio rented by the hour. The band kept to simple guitar chords and lyrics, in garage style. "Die Toten Hosen" were mainly influenced by punk bands from the 1970s, to whom they frequently pay tribute in recorded work and live performances. On occasion they have played songs by the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. Some of the band's songs have been described as "Schunkelpunk", a fusion of German schlager music and punk, exemplified by "Eisgekühlter Bommerlunder", numerous cover versions of German schlager songs and tracks like "Azzurro". They can be seen as pioneers of "Volxmusic", which combines elements of German folk music with jazz, hip-hop or rock. In some of their songs "Die Toten Hosen" experiment with strings or wind instruments. A few songs have elements that are lifted from jazz (e.g. "Warum werde ich nicht satt"), reggae ("Zehn kleine Jägermeister") or Yugoslavian gypsy music ("Das Mädchen aus Rottweil").


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: For the most part, The Toten Hosen have not departed substantially from their original style of music, choosing power chords, straightforward lyrics, simple melodies and anthem-like choruses over long instrumental solos. Other influences on the music of Die Toten Hosen include hardcore punk, punk blues, heavy metal, thrash metal, and hard rock.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The focus of the band's music has gradually shifted from funny and nonsensical to serious. The songs from the band's first LP were mostly about having fun, but by the end of the 1980s they were focusing more on political and social issues such as racism.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: The band openly support political and social organizations in their music, interviews and by donations, but are not affiliated with any political party. They turned down a request from Germany's SPD (Social Democratic Party) to write a song for their European election campaign in 1994.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 1991, their track "Fünf vor Zwölf" (it is high time) was published on the sampler "Nazis raus" (Nazis get out) and in 2006 they supported the band ZSK's "Kein Bock auf Nazis" (can't stand Nazis) campaign. In 1992, the band participated in a demonstration against xenophobia in Bonn. They performed together with Herbert Grönemeyer, Nina Hagen and others for nearly 200,000 demonstrators. In 1995 they supported Greenpeace, IPPNW, "Aktion Atomteststop" (an initiative for a nuclear test ban), the BUND (German "Friends of the Earth" chapter) and they were featured on the track "Tout Pour Sauver L’Amour" (Everything to save love) on the "Stop Chirac" compilation album.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: In 2002, the band attracted publicity by posing undressed for posters of the animal rights group PETA under the slogan "Lieber nackt als im Pelz" (Better naked than in fur). in 2005 they funded 'On the Run', a compilation album to raise funds for immigrants' rights organisation Pro Asyl, and contributed the song "Meine Stadt" (my town).


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: From 1999 to 2004 their web site had a public discussion forum but this was terminated without explanation.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Over the course of the band's history, Die Toten Hosen have expressed their loyalty to their home town in various ways. In summer 1995, the band staged an ice hockey game called "Powerplay des Wahnsinns" (Power-play of insanity), playing in a team alongside professional players from Düsseldorfer EG against a team composed of Finnish rock band Leningrad Cowboys and Finnish national ice hockey players. The match took place in the stadium at the Brehmstrasse in Düsseldorf. Their team "Knochenbrecher Düsseldorf" (Düsseldorf Bonebreakers) lost 9:10. In 1996 they slipped into women's clothing, silk stockings and high heels and took part in the Düsseldorf Mardi Gras parade with their own float under the slogan "We bury good taste".


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Die Toten Hosen are supporters of the football club Fortuna Düsseldorf. At the end of the 1980s, they helped the club by donating 200,000 DM towards signing the player Anthony Baffoe . From 2001 to 2003, they sponsored the club after it had experienced major financial difficulties. In 2002, the band signed an advertising contract with the Diebels Brewery, and donated the proceeds to the club's "Nachwuchs" (youth side), who wear the band's skull emblem on their shirts.


title: Die Toten Hosen

text: Die Toten Hosen have reserved space for 17 people at Düsseldorf's Südfriedhof cemetery, where they wish to be buried after death.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The Gamilaraay, also known as Gomeroi, Kamilaroi, Kamillaroi and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from New South Wales to southern Queensland. They form one of the four largest Indigenous nations in Australia.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The ethnonym Gamilaraay is formed from , meaning "no", and the suffix , bearing the sense of "having". It is a common practice among Australian tribes to have themselves identified according to their respective words for "no".


title: Gamilaraay

text: The Kamilaroi Highway, Sydney Ferries Limited's vehicular ferry "Kamilaroi" (1901–1933), the stage name The Kid Laroi and a cultivar of Durum wheat have all been named after the Kamilaroi people.


title: Gamilaraay

text: Gamilaraay language is classified as one of the Pama–Nyungan languages. The language is no longer spoken, as the last fluent speakers died out in the 1950s. However, some parts have been reconstructed by late field work, which includes substantial recordings of the related language, Yuwaalaraay, which continued to be spoken down to the 1980s. Analysing these materials has permitted a good deal of reconstructive work. Robert M. W. Dixon and his student Peter Austin recorded some around Moree, while Corinne Williams wrote a thesis on the Yuwaaliyaay dialect spoken at Walgett and Lightning Ridge.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The Gamilaraay, like many other tribes, taught young men a secret language, called "tyake", during their rites of initiation. In these systems, the normal profane terms used in everyday speech had to be substituted with the special mystical vocabulary.


title: Gamilaraay

text: According to Norman Tindale's estimation, the Gamilaraay's tribal domains encompassed some , from around Singleton in the Hunter Valley through to the Warrumbungle Mountains in the west and up through the present-day centres of Quirindi, Gunnedah, Tamworth, Narrabri, Wee Waa, Walgett, Moree, Collarenebri, Lightning Ridge and Mungindi in New South Wales, to Nindigully in south west Queensland.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The Kamilaroi were hunters and agriculturalists with a band-level social organisation. Important vegetable foods were yams and other roots, as well as a sterculia grain, which was made into a bread. Insect larvae, frogs, and eggs of several different animals were also gathered. Various birds, kangaroos, emus, possums, echidnas, and bandicoots were among the important animals hunted. Fish were also consumed, as were crayfish, mussels, and shrimp. Men typically hunted, cleaned, and prepared the game for cooking. Women did the actual cooking, in addition to fishing and farming. Individual Kamilaroi did not eat animals that were their totems.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The nation was made up of many smaller family groups who had their own parcels of land to sustain them. One of the great Kings of this tribe was "Red Chief", who is buried near Gunnedah. The Kamilaroi were regarded as fierce warriors and there is ample evidence of intertribal warfare. The Northern Gamilaroi people have a strong cultural connection with the Bigambul people, and the tribes met regularly for joint ceremonies at Boobera Lagoon near the present-day town of Goondiwindi.


title: Gamilaraay

text: Kamilaroi tradition includes Baiame, the ancestor or patron god. The Baiame story tells how Baiame came down from the sky to the land, and created rivers, mountains, and forests. He then gave the people their laws of life, traditions, songs, and culture. He also created the first initiation site. This is known as a bora; a place where boys were initiated into manhood. When he had finished, he returned to the sky, and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. He is said to be married to Birrahgnooloo (Birran-gnulu), who is often identified as an emu, and with whom he has a son Turramūlan. In other stories Turramūlan is said to be brother to Baiame. It was forbidden to mention or talk about the name of Baiame publicly. Women were not allowed to see drawings of Baiame nor approach Baiame sites, which are often male initiation sites (boras). Women were instead instructed by Turramūlan's sister, "Muni Burribian". In rock paintings Baiame is often depicted as a human figure with a large head-dress or hairstyle, with lines of footsteps nearby. He is always painted in front view; Turramūlan is drawn in profile. Baiame is often shown with internal decorations such as waistbands, vertical lines running down the body, bands and dots.


title: Gamilaraay

text: In Kamilaroi star-lore myth it is recounted that Orion, known as "Berriberri" set out in pursuit of the Pleiades ("Miai-miai") and cornered them in a mother-tree where they were transformed into yellow and white cockatoos. His attempts to capture them were blocked by Turramūlan, a one-eyed, one-legged legendary figure associated with the Pole star. They called Orion's Belt, "ghūtūr", a girdle that covered his invincible boomerang.("burran") The seventh of Miai-miai, being less beautiful, was shy ( )and afraid and she was thus transformed into the least visible of the 7 Pleiades.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The rite of passage whereby Gamilaraay youths are inducted by initiation into full membership of the tribe was conducted at a Bora ceremony on a "bora" site especially prepared for the occasion. Tribes ready to participate in such rituals are contacted, and the ceremonies lasted several days.


title: Gamilaraay

text: The major "bora", called Baiame's ground, was cleared on loamy "umah" soil, roughly in diameter, with the scraped earth used to created an embanked ring about high to fence off the sacred space, apart from one opening which led into a "thunburran" or narrows pathway that ran some off to a smaller circle, some in diameter, called a "goonaba", constructed in a similar fashion, Inside this ring two stumps ("warrengahlee") formed from uprooted trees, one a coolabah the other a belar, trimmed and turned upside down so that the roots, decorated with twists of bark, flared out.