title: Select (SQL)

text: Some DBMSs offer non-standard syntax either instead of or in addition to SQL standard syntax. Below, variants of the "simple limit" query for different DBMSes are listed:


title: Select (SQL)

text: Rows Pagination is an approach used to limit and display only a part of the total data of a query in the database. Instead of showing hundreds or thousands of rows at the same time, the server is requested only one page (a limited set of rows, per example only 10 rows), and the user starts navigating by requesting the next page, and then the next one, and so on. It is very useful, specially in web systems, where there is no dedicated connection between the client and the server, so the client does not have to wait to read and display all the rows of the server.


title: Select (SQL)

text: The OVER clause can partition and order the result set. Ordering is used for order-relative functions such as row_number.


title: Select (SQL)

text: The implementation of window function features by vendors of relational databases and SQL engines differs wildly. Most databases support at least some flavour of window functions. However, when we take a closer look it becomes clear that most vendors only implement a subset of the standard. Let's take the powerful RANGE clause as an example. Only Oracle, DB2, Spark/Hive, and Google Big Query fully implement this feature. More recently, vendors have added new extensions to the standard, e.g. array aggregation functions. These are particularly useful in the context of running SQL against a distributed file system (Hadoop, Spark, Google BigQuery) where we have weaker data co-locality guarantees than on a distributed relational database (MPP). Rather than evenly distributing the data across all nodes, SQL engines running queries against a distributed filesystem can achieve data co-locality guarantees by nesting data and thus avoiding potentially expensive joins involving heavy shuffling across the network. User-defined aggregate functions that can be used in window functions are another extremely powerful feature.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Titus is an American dark comedy sitcom that debuted on Fox in 2000. The series was created by its star, Christopher Titus, Jack Kenny, and Brian Hargrove. The sitcom is based on Titus's stand-up comedy act, more specifically his one-man show "Norman Rockwell is Bleeding" (which itself would be broadcast on television in 2004), which was based loosely upon his real-life family; lines from "Norman Rockwell is Bleeding" were spoken by Titus as commentary. Titus plays an outwardly childish adult based on himself, who owns a custom car shop. The show follows him and his dimwitted half-brother Dave, his girlfriend Erin with the "heart of gold", his goody-goody friend Tommy, and his arrogantly lewd, bigoted, heavy smoking and drinking, womanizing, divorced multiple times, father Ken "Papa" Titus.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Titus began doing comedy when he was 18. After two years of relatively normal comedy bits, his act soon began to evolve to focus around his family, particularly his father's heart attacks and his mother's mental illness.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: One night while performing, an assistant to a Fox executive was in the audience, and he brought his bosses to the show.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Knowing he had a deal with Fox, Titus wanted "Dad is Dead" to be the pilot. After the series ended, Titus commented that, if one watches "Norman Rockwell is Bleeding", and then "Dad is Dead", the latter essentially "rapes" the former.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Because Kenny and Hargrove came from live theater, and Titus from live comedy, it was a unanimous decision that the live story would be shot in real time, like a play, in as few takes as possible; as cues for the editors in post-production, so they could incorporate flashbacks and action in the neutral space, the action would pause briefly, and then resume. Episodes were blocked and rehearsed extensively, and shot on Friday every week.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: The cast also had different methods of working. Being a comedian, Titus knew where the punchline would be and never explored anything else. Zack Ward had difficulty finding the joke during rehearsals, but Kenny realized that he was looking for where the joke "could" be. Watros asked Titus to point out where the joke was, and promised to hit her marks. During breaks in rehearsal, Shatraw would work by himself on set, looking for specific quirks or actions that Tommy would do or take.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: The season two episode "The Last Noelle" is one of Titus's favorites, and is based on his relationship with an abusive ex-girlfriend.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: As a running gag, in most of the episodes there is a reference to guns and/or fire, usually the threat of someone or something being set on fire, as well as Titus's story of how he drunkenly fell into a bonfire and nearly died when he was a teenager.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Cynthia Watros was the first person to audition for the role of Erin, and was also the first person cast. Steve Carell and Zack Ward both auditioned for Tommy; Carell lost out to David Shatraw, while Ward was soon cast as Titus's brother, Dave. After a number of auditions for Titus's father Ken, Stacy Keach was cast after Titus admitted Keach intimidated him.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Before his death, Christopher's real father, Ken Titus, would give tips to Keach on how to better portray him. Titus also admitted that, even with the driest line the writers could invent, Keach would find a way to make the line funny. This often upset Titus because Keach's set-up would be funnier than Titus's punchline. Hargrove has also commented that Keach could get an audience response with just a look; Hargrove's favorite moment is the look Ken gives Tommy in "Insanity Genetic (1)" after Tommy comments "I have no nuts."


title: Titus (TV series)

text: More than one episode was censored/banned by Fox, including a two-part episode made in the months after the September 11 attacks that centers on the premise that the U.S. government believes Titus and his family and friends are a terrorist group after a series of misunderstandings -– as a result of his mother's suicide, Titus suffers a nervous breakdown on the plane ride home, Tommy complains to a flight attendant about his mispronunciation of 'chicken à la king', to the point where Tommy gets down on his knees and cries "A la, a la, a la king!" (which sounds like "Allah king"), and Dave comes out of the plane's bathroom gurgling mouthwash, which seems like he is speaking unintelligibly, and wearing a towel turban, a robe, and shaving cream on his face which resembles an Islamic beard.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: The episode "The Intervention" was also almost banned, as the censors were wary about the episode glorifying alcoholism, since the story focused on Titus convincing his father, Ken, to start drinking again since Ken's sobriety is making him boring. Titus had to read the script to the president of Fox page-by-page over the phone to show him how the episode could be funny.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Another episode, "The Protector", was not aired until the very end of the last season, as it dealt with the revelation that Erin's niece, Amy, was molested by a male family friend who looked after her while her parents were in prison, which Amy remembers because the man had a rose tattoo on his penis. Had "The Protector" aired in production order, viewers would have seen the real reason behind Amy's asocial, criminal behavior (besides the fact that her parents are drug addicts who neglected her and were always in jail for drug crimes or domestic violence). Also, if "The Protector" had been broadcast in production order, the references to Amy being molested and going after a boy who sexually harassed her in school (who turns out to be the son of the man who molested Amy) in such episodes as "The Session" and "Insanity Genetic (2)" [which, in production code order, aired after "The Protector"] would have made more sense.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: "The Wedding" was aired out of order, as well, as the season three premiere "Racing in the Streets" deals with Titus's recovery from the accident in "The Pit" and continues in "The Pendulum", yet he seems unaffected and the accident is not mentioned in the season two finale. This is also confirmed by these episodes' production codes, which puts "The Wedding" in between "Tommy's Girlfriend II" and "Hard Ass". "The Wedding" was banned due to scenes depicting violence at a church—Juanita's second husband punches her in the face after the two argue about Juanita taking her medication, and Juanita ends up shooting him after Titus, Ken, Dave, and the priest presiding over the wedding tie up the man and yell at him for abusing her.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: On a Sirius Radio interview on Raw Dog 104, Titus said the show got canceled due to an argument with executives. They wanted to split up Titus and Erin because the show "Dharma & Greg" had done similar and their ratings went up. Titus refused, because not only was he still married to his then-real wife, Erin Carden, but the entire focus of the show as "two screwed up people living a normal life" would be compromised. Upon Titus's refusal, on-air promotion ceased and the show was soon canceled. In another radio interview, he claimed the show was also taken down for its content and being "too edgy".


title: Titus (TV series)

text: As of May 2010, Christopher Titus was reportedly in negotiations with the Fox network to start up a new series again, billed as a sequel of sorts to his first sitcom (and based on his comedy specials "The 5th Annual End of the World Tour" and "Love Is Evol"). The series was confirmed to eventually be revived and pick up eight years later with Titus divorced from Erin, Titus's father dead, and Titus dealing with his new normal girlfriend and her perfect family.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: In March 2014, Titus posted on his Facebook page that the revival project was shut down due to legal issues with 20th Century Fox and limited funding.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Part of the show's success was its unique format; a few exceptions aside, the show stuck to what worked. The "neutral space" was where Titus opened and ended the show. This lead-in and lead-out allowed for one liners and a monologue, before heading to what the producers called the Main Narrative, or "Live Story". The live story was the bulk of the action, and was the basis for the theme of the episode and the other gags. The live story was unique in that it was extensively rehearsed throughout a production week, and shot in one day, in as few takes as possible. The result allowed the actors to keep their comedic timing, and kept the studio audience engaged to the point that the show did not have to employ a laugh track. Also of note was that the Live Story was (for an overwhelming majority of shows) shot on just one set.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Most episodes also took place over a short course of time, usually only a few hours; very rarely would a plot carry over to "the next day". The main narrative was frequently intercut with the neutral space, sometimes just a quick one-liner from Titus, or for either informative exposition, a quick flashback, or a sparingly used fantasy scene. The Live Story would also usually take place in one place, either a recurring location like Ken's house, the garage of Titus's car shop, or a one-time location like a bus station or a houseboat.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: The show always opened and closed in the black and white neutral space, usually with the same sentence, or a reasonable facsimile thereof. Titus was the neutral space's only occupant except in two episodes, when he was replaced by Ken and Erin, respectively, and would appear always wearing similar clothes, with a wooden chair, a lightbulb, and the bland walls. Frequently, props appeared for one-shot gags in the neutral space. Very rarely would anything from the Live Story appear there (one notable exception was Dave's suicide note in "Private Dave"), nor would anything from the neutral space appear in the Live Story. There are many allusions to the neutral space being Titus's mind, though it is never said outright. On a few occasions, the neutral space is used to demonstrate the passing of time, or Christopher will do something "in" the neutral space when he is really just thinking about it while doing it; we only see his thought process. Also, as in "The Trial", sometimes he will say something in the neutral space and not realize he is also saying it in reality, like when he calls the prosecutor an idiot, thinking he only thought it. Following the credits in the final episode of the series ("The Protector", not "Insanity Genetic" or "Homecoming"), Titus drags the bare wooden chair into the middle of a real life street, sets it on fire, and walks away, whistling part of the theme song.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Flashbacks—always introduced from the Neutral Space–were frequently used for character development and background. Flashbacks generally went back to one of three time periods: when Titus was five, ten, or seventeen. Three different child actors played the five- and ten-year-old versions of Titus, the latter sometimes joined by five-year-old and ten-year-old versions of Dave and Tommy. Flashbacks to high school with the seventeen year old Titus had all of the current actors playing the younger versions of themselves. To compensate for being too old to believably play the roles, the actors have humorously exaggerated costumes and mannerisms. Except for a few flashbacks in "Grandma Titus" that featured Ken as a child, Stacy Keach is the only one to appear in all of his character's flashbacks; only his hair and clothes change with the times. The flashbacks themselves had no specific format other than being quick, one laugh gags. They frequently showcased Ken Titus's unique approach to parenting, relationships, and drinking. The women that Ken is shown dating (or even married to) in these flashbacks are frequently not given a name, and their faces are rarely shown. Episodes with guest characters who had any connection with the main characters, like Tommy or Erin's families, frequently appeared in flashbacks as well.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Occasionally, instead of a flashback, a far-fetched "What if...?" scenario (showing an alternate reality, what Titus's life will be like when he is older, or a one-off gag similar to those found on "The Simpsons" and "Family Guy") will be presented, such as Titus and Erin as a bickering married couple in their old age, Titus and his father as rich men who use their butlers to beat each other up while Christopher and Ken read the newspaper, Titus trying to deal with Ken being married to a man, and Titus, Dave, and Ken as heads on a couch.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: Anchor Bay Entertainment (under license from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment) released the entire series on DVD in Region 1 in two packages in 2005/2006. Both are now out of print. In 2020, Christopher Titus himself began sharing full episodes of the show on his YouTube channel, eventually uploading all of the episodes. A few of them also have introductions where Titus briefly describes the premise of the episode itself.


title: Titus (TV series)

text: On August 21, 2020, Titus aired "The Titus Family Reunion" show on YouTube through Eventbrite which brought back the primary actors and added Titus's real-life wife Rachel Bradley as Rachel. The reunion episode (titled "Titus Family" due to legal reasons) was set eight years after the finale with Titus getting released from the mental institution and coming home to find that Erin is leaving him for Tommy and ending with Titus going to Mexico to get Papa Titus out of a Mexican jail. The special was written, directed and produced by Titus under his brand Combustion Films and was shot in a few days during the COVID-19 pandemic. The two-part episode is available as a downloadable purchase on Christopher Titus's Combustion Films website.


title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022

text: The United Kingdom participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy. British singer-songwriter Sam Ryder represented the country with his song "Space Man", which he co-wrote with Max Wolfgang and Amy Wadge. He was selected as the 2022 UK entrant by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in collaboration with record label TaP Music and their management company.


text: Ryder performed in the second half of the Eurovision final, in 22nd position. He finished in second place with 466 points, winning the jury vote with 283 points, scoring the third highest jury votes by a contestant. Ryder also became the highest scoring UK Eurovision entrant and scored the UK its best result since 1998 and its first top three result since 2002. It also marked the sixteenth time that the UK has finished in second place in the contest.


text: An average of 9.3 million people watched the final on BBC One, with a peak viewing figure later reaching 10.6 million, the highest UK viewing figures for the contest since 2011. It was the most-watched televised programme in the UK of that year before being surpassed by the Platinum Party at the Palace, and delivered the largest number of viewers for the contest that year across all European markets. "Space Man" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the highest-charting UK Eurovision entry since Gina G's "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit" in 1996.


text: Prior to the 2022 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty-three times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in with "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in a record sixteen contests. Up to and including , the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in and . Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, only finishing within the top ten two times, in with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick, and in with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. In , the United Kingdom finished in last place with the song "Embers" performed by James Newman, notably scoring a total of 0 points from both the juries and the televoting.


text: The British national broadcaster, the BBC, broadcasts the event within the United Kingdom and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Between 2011 and 2015, the BBC opted to internally select the British entry. For their 2016 entry, the broadcaster announced that a national final would be organised featuring a competition among several artists and songs to choose the British entry for the contest. The same process was used in 2017 and 2018, and changes were brought in for 2019. In 2020 and 2021, the BBC opted to return to an internal selection, in collaboration with record label BMG.


text: On 21 October 2021, the day after the official list of participants in Eurovision 2022 was released, the BBC announced its plans for the British national selection, opting for an internal process no longer in collaboration with record label BMG, but with TaP Music instead. The management company's leading artists include Dua Lipa, Ellie Goulding and Lana Del Rey. Kate Phillips (BBC commissioning editor) stated that the new collaboration "will enable the BBC to tap into some great music talent" and that the broadcaster has "big ambitions for the 2022 contest". On 25 January 2022, TaP revealed that they had started shortlisting potential acts for the contest – with both established, emerging and brand new artists having approached them for the Eurovision project – and that they had worked with BBC Radio 1 and Scott Mills in order to choose the British representative.


text: In November 2021, Glasgow-based electropop duo HYYTS revealed they were in the running to represent the United Kingdom; this was confirmed during an interview with BBC Scotland's TV channel programme "The Edit" which was later broadcast on 29 January 2022. On 3 February 2022, Jenni Falconer unofficially announced Chelcee Grimes as the chosen UK representative during her morning show on Smooth London. Grimes herself later denied this on Twitter the same day.


text: Sam Ryder was announced as the chosen entrant with the song "Space Man" on 10 March 2022. The entry was revealed by Scott Mills on BBC Radio 1's breakfast show with Greg James, with "Space Man" having previously featured as 'Tune of the Week' on Mills' afternoon show on Radio 1.


text: In order to promote "Space Man" as the British entry for the 2022 contest, Sam Ryder embarked on a promotion tour throughout Europe. Following the announcement that he would be representing the UK at Eurovision, Space Man had its TV debut performance on BBC's "The One Show," and he was interviewed on the same day. Ryder also promoted the song in Bulgaria on 21 March after filming the UK 'live-on-tape' backup performance in Sofia, alongside entrants from Bulgaria, Cyprus and Greece. Ryder also performed at the "London Eurovision Party" at London's Hard Rock Hotel venue on 3 April, the "Eurovision in Concert 2022" at Amsterdam's AFAS Live on 9 April, and at the "PrePartyES" in Madrid's Sala La Riviera on 16 April. He also made appearances on Dutch radio stations on 7 April. On 14 April, he travelled to Belgrade, Serbia in order to promote his entry on Serbian radio and on the show. He then travelled to Madrid the day after for the "PrePartyES". Ryder also made further promotional appearances in Greece, San Marino and Germany.


text: Following his interviews on "This Morning" and "Good Morning Britain," he was praised for his positive attitude to see change in how the British public and press views the Eurovision Song Contest. On 22 April 2022, the song was performed at the York Hall for "Eurovision House Party".


text: Prior to the contest, the BBC also released a documentary following Sam Ryder's journey to the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, with in-depth interviews and footage of the production process of "Space Man".


text: The Eurovision Song Contest 2022 took place at PalaOlimpico in Turin, Italy, and consisted of two semi-finals held on 10 and 12 May, and the final on 14 May 2022. As the United Kingdom is a member of the "Big Five", their entry directly qualified for the final, along with France, Germany, Spain, and Italy (also the host country in 2022). The United Kingdom performed in the second half of the final in position number 22. In addition to their participation in the final, the United Kingdom was also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. This was decided via a draw held during the semi-final allocation draw on 25 January 2022, when it was announced that the United Kingdom would be voting in the second semi-final.


text: Both semi-finals were broadcast on BBC Three and BBC iPlayer, with the commentary team consisting of Scott Mills and Rylan Clark. This marked the return of the Eurovision semi-finals to BBC Three for the first time since 2015, after four years of broadcasting the shows on BBC Four during BBC Three's tenure as an online channel. The final was broadcast on BBC One's regional variations across the UK with commentary by Graham Norton, and on BBC Radio 2 with commentary by Ken Bruce. The BBC also broadcast a Eurovision after-party on BBC Radio 2, which was presented by OJ Borg. The UK spokesperson, who announced the top 12-point score awarded by the British jury during the final, was AJ Odudu.


text: On 20 January 2022, it was announced that the BBC would move their coverage of the contest from London to Salford, meaning that the UK spokesperson in 2022, AJ Odudu, was the first in the history of the contest to announce the points of UK the national jury live from Salford. It was later announced that the consultancy fees would be donated to the charitable organization Migrant Offshore Aid Station, in order to support individuals who were affected by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.


text: Sam Ryder took part in technical rehearsals on 5 and 7 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 11, 12 and 13 May. This included semi-final jury show on 11 May where an extended clip of the British performance was filmed for broadcast during the live show on 12 May and the jury final on 13 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries. After technical rehearsals, the "Big Five" countries held a press conference. As part of this press conference, the artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in. The United Kingdom was drawn to compete in the second half. Following the conclusion of the second semi-final, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final. The running order for the semi-finals and final was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. The United Kingdom was subsequently placed to perform in position 22, following the entry from Australia and before the entry from Poland.


text: The British performance featured Sam Ryder performing on a predominately black and white stage theme and smoke effects on the floor. Sam Ryder was wearing trainers and a skydiver jumpsuit with intricate patterns with an astronomical theme linking back to the meaning of "Space Man". The United Kingdom brought the largest prop of the contest, which was formed of three metal wings, while Ryder performed on a circular plinth in the centre. The prop moved during the course of the performance and gradually lighted up and opened. The performance also featured a guitar solo by Sam Ryder, an adaptation of the studio cut of "Space Man". The United Kingdom placed second in the final, behind eventual winners Kalush Orchestra from . Ryder received a total of 466 points, finishing in first place with the juries and fifth place with the public: 183 points from the televoting and 283 points from the juries. This marked the highest amount of points ever scored by the UK at the contest, the sixteenth time the UK finished second, and the country's best result since last hosting the event in .


text: Below is a breakdown of points awarded to the United Kingdom in the final. Voting during the three shows involved each country awarding two sets of points from 1-8, 10 and 12: one from their professional jury and the other from televoting. The exact composition of the professional jury, and the results of each country's jury and televoting were released after the final; the individual results from each jury member were also released in an anonymised form. The British jury consisted of Adam Hunter, Denise Pearson, Eliot Kennedy, Matthew Xia (Excalibah), and Helen George. In the final, the United Kingdom placed 2nd with 466 points. This was the best British result achieved since 1998 and the most points ever attained at the contest by the United Kingdom. The final saw eight juries award top twelve points to the United Kingdom: , , , , , , and . The United Kingdom also received top twelve points in the public televote from . Over the course of the contest, the UK awarded its 12 points to (jury) and (televote) in the second semi-final, and to Sweden (jury) and (televote) in the final.


text: In the jury vote, the United Kingdom only failed to score points from Armenia, Australia, Croatia and Greece, while also receiving no points in the televote from Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia.


text: Each nation's jury consisted of five music industry professionals who are citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency. This jury judged each entry based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury was permitted to be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The individual rankings of each jury member as well as the nation's televoting results were released shortly after the grand final.


text: The long-awaited success of the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 was greeted with tremendous reception across the UK, with commentators Graham Norton stating that the result was a "fairytale ending to an incredible evening" and Ken Bruce proclaiming that "the feeling is that the UK has broken the taboo of bad results". An average of 8.9 million viewers watched the final, with a peak of 10.6 million during the voting sequence. This equalled a 55% share of the market over the four hours of the final, equalling record viewing figures achieved in 2011. Shortly after the final, the UK head of delegation Andrew Cartmell verbally confirmed the country's participation in the 2023 contest, stating that the UK aims to maintain the success of 2022 for the following year. Sam Ryder stated that he was "delighted with the result" and that "the UK will be a force to be reckoned with in the future of Eurovision". On 16 May 2022, Ryder was awaited by a crowd of fans and press at London's Heathrow Airport to celebrate his success.


text: "Space Man" reached number one on The Official Big Top 40 charts. The song reached the top fifteen in Lithuania and Sweden and the top thirty in Iceland. It reached number twenty-two in Ireland, becoming the highest charting UK Eurovision entry on the Irish Singles Chart since 2014. It also charted in the Netherlands and Switzerland.


text: Following Ryder's Eurovision success, on 18 May 2022, he was announced as one of the headliners for the BBC's Platinum Jubilee concert, Platinum Party at the Palace, on 4 June 2022, where he performed a Jubilee version of "Space Man" outside Buckingham Palace in front of an estimated twenty-two thousand spectators.


text: On 25 July 2022, the EBU, Ukrainian broadcaster and the BBC announced that the would be held in the UK, after Ukraine was unable to meet the demands of hosting the event due to security concerns caused by the Russian invasion of the country, with the UK being chosen to host after the country's second-place finish in the 2022 contest.


title: Varanidae

text: The Varanidae are a family of lizards in the superfamily Varanoidea within the Anguimorpha group. The family, a group of carnivorous and frugivorous lizards, includes the living genus "Varanus" and a number of extinct genera more closely related to "Varanus" than to the earless monitor lizard ("Lanthanotus"). "Varanus" includes the Komodo dragon (the largest living lizard), crocodile monitor, savannah monitor, the goannas of Australia and Southeast Asia, and various other species with a similarly distinctive appearance. Their closest living relatives are the earless monitor lizard and chinese crocodile lizard. The oldest members of the family are known from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.


title: Varanidae

text: The Varanidae were defined (using morphological characteristics) by Estes, de Queiroz and Gauthier (1988) as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of "Lanthanotus" and "Varanus" and all of its descendants. A similar definition was formulated by Conrad "et al." (2008) (also using morphological data), who defined the Varanidae as the clade containing "Varanus varius", "Lanthanotus borneensis", and all descendants of their last common ancestor. Using one of these definitions leads to the inclusion of the earless monitor lizard ("L. borneensis") in the family Varanidae.


title: Varanidae

text: Lee (1997) created a different definition of the Varanidae, defining them as the clade containing "Varanus" and all taxa more closely related to "Varanus" than to "Lanthanotus"; this definition explicitly excludes the earless monitor lizard from the Varanidae. Whether "L. borneensis" is included in or excluded from the Varanidae depends on the author; for example, Vidal "et al." (2012) classify the earless monitor lizard as a member of a separate family Lanthanotidae, while Gauthier "et al." (2012) classify it as a member of Varanidae.


title: Varanidae

text: Taxonomic analysis based on molecular data has identified that "Varanus" and "Lanthanotus" make up Varanidae, while Shinisaurus is a sister taxon.


title: Varanidae

text: Monitor lizards are reputed to be among the most intelligent lizards. Most species forage widely and have large home ranges, and many have high stamina. Although most species are carnivorous, three arboreal species in the Philippines ("Varanus olivaceus", "Varanus mabitang", and "Varanus bitatawa") are primarily frugivores. Among species of living varanids, the limbs show positive allometry, being larger in larger-bodied species, although the feet become smaller as compared with the lengths of the other limb segments.


title: Inkpot Award

text: The Inkpot Award is an honor bestowed annually since 1974 by Comic-Con International. It is given to professionals in the fields of comic books, comic strips, animation, science fiction, and related areas of popular culture, at CCI's annual convention, the San Diego Comic-Con. Also eligible are members of Comic-Con's Board of Directors and convention committee.


title: Inkpot Award

text: The recipients, listed below, are known primarily as comics creators, including writers; artists; letterers; colorists; editors; or publishers; unless otherwise noted.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Living with Michael Jackson is a television documentary in which the British journalist Martin Bashir interviewed the American singer Michael Jackson from May 2002 to January 2003. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on ITV (as a "Tonight with Trevor McDonald" special) on 3 February 2003, and in the United States three days later on ABC, introduced by Barbara Walters. Jackson took Bashir on a tour of his home, Neverland Ranch, and discussed his family, unhappy childhood, plastic surgery and relationships with children.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: In November 2003, the BBC aired "Louis, Martin & Michael", a documentary by the British filmmaker Louis Theroux, who had lost out to Bashir to make the documentary. In December 2003, following controversy raised from Bashir's documentary, Jackson was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of intoxicating a minor with alcohol, all of which he was acquitted of in a court of law in June 2005.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: "Living with Michael Jackson" begins at Neverland Ranch, where Michael Jackson and Martin Bashir tour the estate's grounds and face off in a racecar match. Later, Jackson explains he writes the songs by composing lyrics and not the music, because the music "will write itself." Upon being requested by Bashir, he demonstrates that through dancing, he becomes the physical embodiment of the music. Afterwards, the singer admits that the house's theme of Peter Pan is inspirational because he feels he is Pan. They go out to the Giving Tree, a tree in which Jackson gets inspiration to write his songs. While watching footage of the Jackson 5, he gets emotional upon recalling how his father Joe would watch his sons rehearse the dance steps with a belt in his hand and physically abuse them if they made any misstep. He states that he felt a deep fear of his father, and that is why he never laid a hand on his children. Bashir notes that this must have left a deep impact on the young Michael.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: After Neverland, Bashir followed him to the Four Seasons Hotel in Las Vegas. In Las Vegas, Jackson speaks about his love life, his changing appearance, and his children. When Bashir inquires if he had any girlfriends when he was young, Jackson recounts a time when one-time girlfriend Tatum O'Neal wanted to make love to him, but he backed down because he was not ready. Bashir and Jackson also visited a shopping center where Jackson reportedly spent over $1 million in one store on furniture for a new house. The subject of his changing appearance is brought up, but an agitated Jackson denies deliberately bleaching his skin, using implants in his cheeks, having a cleft put in his chin, having his lips enlarged, or having his eyelids reconstructed, claiming that the media is ignorant of what they do not understand. Jackson mentions he suffered horrible bouts of acne as a teenager, and his father would repeatedly insult him by making fun of his nose. Afterward, Bashir gets to meet the Jackson children Prince and Paris, who wore masks to conceal their appearance. Jackson then went to Berlin, Germany. This is where occurred. Jackson also visited Berlin Zoo and a charity auction, and received a humanitarian award at the Bambi Awards.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Back in Neverland, Gavin Arvizo is interviewed and states that it was Jackson's support that helped him beat his bout with cancer. Jackson admits that sometimes when Gavin stayed with him, Jackson let him sleep in his bed while he slept on the floor. This was corroborated in a separate, unrelated interview by Frank Cascio who confirmed Jackson had insisted he be present in the room as a chaperone. Frank slept on the floor next to Jackson. When asked what he gets out of his involvement with children, the singer replies that he gains joy, because "my greatest inspiration comes from kids". After this, Bashir says he feels uneasy about what he views as an apparent obsession with children. He says that he will have to confront Jackson on certain areas of his life about which he feels he had been less than honest.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: During January 2003, Bashir meets with Jackson in Miami for the final interview and brings up the subject of his face. A visibly upset Jackson says that he has only had two operations on his nose in order to facilitate his singing, to which Bashir tries to ask how he looks so much different from when he was an adolescent. After the singer states that there is nothing wrong with plastic surgery, and that it was "not invented for Michael Jackson," Bashir comes to the conclusion that Jackson wanted to change his appearance as a result of his troubled youth and father's insults. When he asks about a comment Jackson's son Prince made, "I haven't got a mother", Jackson tells him that Debbie Rowe bore his two children as a gift for him because he wanted to be a father so badly. On the subject of Blanket's mother, Jackson contradicts his earlier statement that he had Blanket with a woman with whom he had a relationship by stating that Blanket's mother was a surrogate mother and that they did not know each other. Bashir also repeatedly questions Jackson why he invites children into his room. Jackson defended himself stating that such activity is natural when the children are of close friends or family, and that "many children," including the Culkin family children (Macaulay and Kieran) have slept in the same bed as him. Jackson strongly denied that there was any sexual motivation for this. During these defensive comments, he also stated that he would allow his children to stay with his friends, including Barry Gibb, saying that they are "sweet people" and are not "Jack the Ripper".


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson felt betrayed by Martin Bashir and complained that the film gives a distorted picture of his behavior and conduct as a father. He said that in the final version of his interview, Bashir used only material that supported the negative view Bashir was portrayed as holding towards Jackson. In response, Jackson and his personal cameraman released a rebuttal interview, which showed Bashir complimenting Jackson on his abilities as a father and his grace under pressure.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: "I haven't seen that documentary," remarked Madonna, "but it sounds disgusting, like Bashir exploited a friendship. Publicly humiliating someone for your own gain will only come back to haunt you. I can assure you, all these people will be sorry. God's going to have his revenge."


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Oasis guitarist Noel Gallagher slammed the documentary as "typical British journalism", stating in Jackson's defence, "Any man that has got a fairground in his backgarden and can say to a child, 'I'm going to build a water park behind that mountain', give him a round of applause. He seems like a very passionate and caring father so let's not tear him up".


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Bashir stated: "I don't believe that I've betrayed Michael Jackson at all. I agreed that we would make an honest film about his life. The film was fair to his musical achievement and gave him every opportunity to explain himself. I'm not accusing anybody of being a child molester or a paedophile." Bashir was the first witness for the prosecution in Jackson's child molestation trial. He refused to answer questions from defense attorneys. Following Jackson's death in 2009, Bashir said Jackson "was never convicted of any crime, and I never saw any wrongdoing myself, and whilst his lifestyle may have been a bit unorthodox, I don't believe he was a criminal".


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: In 2021, Michael Jackson's UK publicist Mark Borkowski stated that he had discouraged him from doing the documentary with Bashir. In the same year, many fans demanded an investigation to examine the circumstances surrounding the documentary after it was revealed that Bashir had used fake documents to secure an interview with Diana, Princess of Wales in 1995. Jackson's family also reacted by criticizing Bashir for hoodwinking him and manipulating the footage, and stated that they were considering legal action.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: In an attempt to repair his image, Michael Jackson released a second interview, "Take Two: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See", broadcast on Fox in the United States and Sky One in the UK. This was presented by Maury Povich and contains material which Bashir omitted. It also features new interviews with people close to Jackson, such as his former wife Debbie Rowe, parents Joseph and Katherine, brother Jermaine and close friend Elizabeth Taylor. In this interview, Rowe claimed it was at her request that the children wore masks in public. She also pointed out that the concept of "sharing a bed" can be misunderstood: for example, she herself likes watching television in bed; when she has a visitor, they both watch television together in bed. It also contains interviews with Bashir giving very different opinions to those he had given in interviews as well as in the voice-overs. He is shown praising Jackson as a father as well as saying that he thinks it is wonderful that he allows children to come to Neverland, though he had made previous statements that Neverland Ranch was a "dangerous place" for children (a direct contradiction of his later statement that he did not believe Michael Jackson was a criminal).


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: The footage that they show in this documentary was filmed by Hamid Moslehi privately. He states that he was not "secretly" videotaping the interviews, as was popularly believed. He said Bashir knew they were also filming, but that Bashir probably did not know that when he told his camera crew to cut, that he was still filming.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Part of the footage was not aired because videographer Hamid Moslehi refused to hand it over, owing to a financial dispute with Jackson. It was found by police in a search of Moslehi's home in November 2003, and showed the accuser's family praising Jackson.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: Bashir said a 16-second clip was being used to portray him as being unfair when he had interviewed Jackson for more than 10 hours.


title: Living with Michael Jackson

text: On 14 March 2003, the BBC produced a special spoof parody of the documentary, entitled "Lying to Michael Jackson". The sketch showed Michael Jackson, played by comedian Lenny Henry, being interviewed and followed around for the documentary by Martin Bashir, played by Rowan Atkinson.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The Bucharest Metro () is an underground rapid transit system that serves Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It first opened for service on 16 November 1979. The network is run by Metrorex. One of two parts of the larger Bucharest public transport network, Metrorex has an average of approximately 720,000 passenger trips per weekday (as of 2018), compared to the 1,180,000 daily riders on Bucharest's STB transit system. In total, the Metrorex system is long and has 64 stations.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The first proposals for a metro system in Bucharest were made in the early part of the 20th century, by the Romanian engineers Dimitrie Leonida and Elie Radu.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The earliest plans for a Bucharest Metro were drafted in the late 1930s, alongside the general plans for urban modernization of the city. The outbreak of World War II, followed by periods of political tensions culminating with the installation of communism, put an end to the plans.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: By 1970, the public transport system (ITB) was no longer adequate due to the fast pace of urban development, although the system was the fourth-largest in Europe. A commission was set up, and its conclusion pointed to the necessity of an underground transit system that would become the Bucharest Metro. The plan for the first line was approved on 25 November 1974 as part of the next five-year plan and the construction on the new metro system started on 20 September 1975.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The network was not built in the same style as other Eastern European systems. Firstly, the design of the stations on the initial lines was simple, clean-cut modern, without excessive additions such as mosaics, awkward lighting sources or excessive decoration. The main function of the stations was speed of transit and practicality. Secondly, the trainsets themselves were all constructed in Romania and did not follow the Eastern European style of construction. Each station usually followed a colour theme (generally white – in Unirii 2, Victoriei 1, Lujerului; but also light blue – in Obor, Universitate, and Gara de Nord; orange – in Tineretului; green – in Grozăvești), and an open plan. No station was made to look exactly like any other. Despite this, many stations are rather dark, due to the policies of energy economy in the late 1980s, with later modernisations doing little to fix this problem. Bucharest being one of the largest cities in the region, the network is larger than those of Prague or Budapest. When the planned new line-extensions are finished, they will increase the system length to more than 100 km, with about 80 stations.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The first line, M1, opened on 19 November 1979, running from Semănătoarea "(now Petrache Poenaru)" to Timpuri Noi. It had a length of with 6 stations. Following this, more lines and several extensions were opened:


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Large stations which connect with other lines, such as Piața Victoriei, have two terminals, and each terminal goes by a different name (Victoriei 1 and Victoriei 2). On the official network map, they are shown as two stations with a connection in between, even though, in fact – and for trip planners – they are a single station with platforms at different levels. There is one exception: Gara de Nord 1 and Gara de Nord 2 are separate stations (although linked through a subterranean passage, the traveller is required to exit the station proper and pay for a new fare at the other station, thus leaving the system), passengers being required to change trains at Basarab.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Generally, the underground stations feature large interiors. The largest one, Piata Unirii, is cathedral-like, with vast interior spaces, hosting retail outlets and fast-food restaurants and has an intricate network of underground corridors and passageways.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Metrorex is the Romanian company which runs the Bucharest Metro. It is fully owned by the Romanian Government through the Ministry of Transportation. There were plans to merge the underground and overground transportation systems into one authority subordinated to the City of Bucharest, however these plans did not come to fruition.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: As of 2022, the entire network runs underground, except for a short stretch between Dimitrie Leonida and Berceni stations on the southern end of the M2 line. The network is served by six depots, two being located above ground (IMGB and Industriilor) and four underground (Ciurel, Străulești, Pantelimon and Valea Ialomitei) and smaller additional works at Gara de Nord and Eroilor stations.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: There are two connections between the Metro network and the Romanian Railways network, one at Berceni (connecting to the Bucharest Belt Ring), the other at Ciurel (connecting via an underground passage to the Cotroceni-Militari industrial railway). However, the latter connection is currently unused and mothballed. The metro network and the national rail network have almost similar track gauge ( vs ) and loading gauge but not the same electrification system (the metro uses 750 V DC whereas the Romanian Railways use 25,000 V 50 Hz AC) making it possible for new metro cars to be transported cross country as unpowered railway cars. This distinction is also seen in the pre-2007 separation between the MTR and the former KCR network in Hong Kong (see Track gauge in Hong Kong).


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The network is powered by a bottom-contact third rail system except in works, depots and some tunnels, where a catenary system is employed instead.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: There are multiple signalling systems used. Line 2, the first one that has been modernized, uses Bombardier's CITYFLO 350 automatic train control system. It ensures the protection (ATP) and operation (ATO) of the new Bombardier Movia trains.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The system uses an IPU (Interlocking processing unit), TI21-M track circuits and EbiScreen workstations. Signals have been kept only in areas where points are present, meaning that the route has been assigned and the driver can use cab signalling.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Trains are usually operated automatically, with the driver only opening and closing the doors and supervising the operation.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Other features include auto turnback and a balise system, called PSM (precision stop marker). This ensures that the train can stop at the platform automatically.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: On line 3, the ATC system has been merged with the Indusi system. Signals are present in point areas and platform ends. Along with the three red-yellow-green lights, the white ATP light has been added. Optical routes can be assigned, meaning that a train gets a green light (permission to pass the signal) only after the next signal has been passed by the train ahead, or a yellow light, meaning that the signal can be passed at low speed. Automatic block signals have been removed.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Trains run from 5 AM to 11 PM every day. The last trains on M1, M2 and M3 wait for the transfer of the passengers between lines to complete, before leaving Piața Unirii station.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: At rush hour, trains run at 4–6-minute intervals on lines 1 and 3, at 1-3 minute intervals on line 2, and at 7–8-minute on line 4; during the rest of the day, trains run at 8-minute intervals on lines 1 and 3, at 7-9 minute intervals on line 2 and at 10-minute intervals on line 4.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Public transport in Bucharest is heavily subsidized, and the subsidies will increase, as the City Council wants to reduce traffic jams, pollution and parking problems and promote public transport. Like the STB, the metro can get crowded during morning and evening rush hours. The network uses magnetic stripe cards, that are not valid for use on trams, buses or trolleys . Payment by contactless credit cards is available directly at the turnstiles. One tap will take 3 RON, the equivalent of one trip. For multiple validations with the same card, tap the plus button. Starting from 29 July 2021 Metrorex began replacing the magnetic stripe cards with contactless ones for weekly and monthly passes. As of November 2021 they've replaced most of the cards with contactless ones.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Standard trip cards are sold as anonymous magnetic strip cards, where as the passes are sold as either MIFARE Ultralight or MIFARE Classic 1000 cards. Passengers can also opt to pay for the trip directly at the gates using credit cards or with Apple Pay/Google Pay. This payment system was implemented in 2019 with VISA, BCR and S&T Romania.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: These projects are financed by the EU, with the exception of M6.2 which is financed by a loan from JICA.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The subway livery for Bucharest is either white with two yellow or red horizontal stripes below the window for the Astra trains, stainless steel with black and white for the Bombardier trains, or stainless steel with blue and white for the CAF trains.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: All trains run on a , or an overhead wire (in maintenance areas where a third rail would not be safe). Maximum speed on the system is 80 km/h (50 mph), although plans are to increase it to 100 km/h (60 mph) on M5, a new line that opened its first phase on 15 September 2020. New trains from Alstom (Metropolis) have been ordered and are due to arrive in 2023.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: In its more than 40 years of operations, there never have been very grave accidents, however, there have been various incidents, either during construction or operation. Accidents are investigated by the Railway Investigation Authority (Agenția de Investigare Feroviară Română (AGIFER)).


title: Bucharest Metro

text: Aside from these incidents, there have been other disruptions, especially in the last 3 years, due to suicides at the metro. A recent one on 25 June 2019, led to the disruption of metro traffic at rush hour between Piața Unirii and Eroilor (the suicide took place at Izvor). Aside from that, in 2017, one woman was arrested for pushing a person in front of a train. These incidents led to criticism of METROREX, and suggestions to install platform screen doors or to increase security. Additionally, railfans reported harassment from security guards, being told "not to photograph in the stations", despite there being no official rule prohibiting photography in the metro network.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: In the 1980s, the speed of building the network (4 kilometers / year) placed the Bucharest Metro on the second place in the world, after Mexico City Metro.


title: Bucharest Metro

text: The shortest distance between two adjacent stations is between Gara de Nord 2 (M4) and Basarab 2 (M4) and is 430 meters.


title: Kavi Kumar Azad

text: Kavi Kumar Azad was an Indian actor best known for his portrayal of Hansraj Hathi in an Indian sitcom "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah". He died on 9 July 2018 following heart attack.


title: Kavi Kumar Azad

text: Kavi Kumar Azad was born in Sasaram, Bihar, India as Harpal but later changed his name to his pen name as Kavi Kumar Azaad. He was interested in acting and writing.


title: Kavi Kumar Azad

text: After completing his studies, he went to Mumbai to try his luck in films. Early in his career, he worked in several short films and played supporting roles in some films. He was seen in the Movie, Jodhaa Akbar as a wheat seller. He acted in the 2001-2003 DD national TV superhero show "Junior G" as a funny police inspector. He gained popularity from the show "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah", which was started in July 2008. He played the role of Dr. Hansraj Hathi, a resident of Gokuldham Society, hailing from Bihar. He died on 9 July 2018 in Mumbai due to cardiac arrest. His funeral was held in Mira Road, Mumbai.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team () is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Patrick Lefevere. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Brian Holm, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Ricardo Scheidecker, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt and Rik Van Slycke.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: The team was created as Quick-Step–Davitamon in 2003 from staff and riders of Domo-Farm Frites and Mapei–Quick-Step when the latter disbanded after nine years in the sport. Paolo Bettini won the UCI Road World Cup in 2003 and 2004 as well as the 2004 Summer Olympics road title in 2004. In the 2005 UCI ProTour season, renamed Quick-Step–Innergetic, the team won a large number of classics: Tom Boonen won Tour of Flanders and Paris–Roubaix, Filippo Pozzato the HEW Cyclassics, and Paolo Bettini the Züri-Metzgete and the Giro di Lombardia. In late 2005 Tom Boonen won the 2005 UCI Road World Championships in Madrid, where Michael Rogers won the time-trial.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: In 2006 Boonen retained the Tour of Flanders and held the yellow jersey in the 2006 Tour de France during stage 3–6, and Filippo Pozzato won 2006 Milan – San Remo. Paolo Bettini won the world championship in Salzburg and retained his Giro di Lombardia crown. In 2007 Tom Boonen won the points classification in the Tour de France, taking two stage wins. Bettini defended his world championship in Stuttgart. In 2008 Gert Steegmans took the final stage of the 2008 Tour de France on the Champs-Élysées. Paolo Bettini retired after the world championship in Varese. In both 2008 and 2009 Stijn Devolder took the Tour of Flanders and Tom Boonen, Paris–Roubaix. After two seasons of disappointment, a resurgent Omega Pharma–Quick-Step and Tom Boonen took four major Spring classics victories, including the four cobblestone courses E3 Harelbeke, Gent–Wevelgem, Tour of Flanders, Paris–Roubaix.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: In October 2012, the team fired their veteran rider Levi Leipheimer after he admitted to doping in a sworn affidavit to USADA. This was despite the team statement that "commended" Leipheimer for his "open cooperation" in the USADA investigation that exposed Lance Armstrong's long-term cheating in cycling via doping. The team's action was described by USADA head Travis Tygart as "The classic Omertà move, right? Actions speak louder than words. On the one hand, they say they congratulate him on coming forward, [but] their action terminating him for being truthful speaks a lot louder than their words." CyclingNews reported in the same article that the team's claim to have only recently learned of Leipheimer's past doping was according to Tygart "absolutely not true... Leipheimer and a USADA attorney told the team months ago of the investigation, and of Leipheimer’s role". Cyclingnews noted that Omega Pharma general manager Patrick Lefevere "had admitted in 2007 to having used doping products, including amphetamines, during his own career". Lefevere is still CEO of Etixx as of September 2015.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: On 17 July 2014, the team announced that Iljo Keisse had been given a two-year contract extension. Tony Martin confirmed via his Twitter account that he had signed a two-year contract extension. On 19 August the team announced that Pieter Serry had signed a two-year contract extension, on 27 August the team announced the signing of Maxime Bouet on a two-year deal and on 1 September the team announced the signing of David de la Cruz on a two-year contract. In 2014 Michał Kwiatkowski won a rainbow jersey in 2014 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race in Ponferrada, Spain.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: In February 2015, the team announced it had signed 2015 UCI World Omnium champion, Fernando Gaviria, and fellow Colombian, Rodrigo Contreras, on two-year deals set to commence at the start of the 2016 season. In August 2015, the team signed Davide Martinelli for the 2016 and 2017 seasons.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: As of April 2021, the team has won more than 800 races, making it one of the most successful squads in history.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: The team is operated by the company Decolef Lux, based in Luxembourg with branches in France and Belgium. A majority shareholder of the company is a Czech businessman Zdeněk Bakala. Title sponsors throughout its history have been Quick-Step Flooring, a division of Mohawk Industries, who had previously been co-sponsors of the Mapei team from 1999 to 2003.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: Belgian pharmaceutical company Omega Pharma had two spells as title co-sponsors (2003–07 and 2012–16), using either the company name or one of its products. Either side of its first involvement with this team, Omega were sponsors of their Belgian rivals.


title: Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team

text: Deceuninck, a manufacturer of PVC-systems windows, became the primary sponsors from 2019, with Quick-Step Floors remaining as secondary sponsor. At the Tour of Flanders in 2020 and 2021, the team carried the name of a Deceuninck product line, Elegant, rather than that of the company. Deceuninck ended their sponsorship of the team following the 2021 season, while Quick-Step Floors extended their sponsorship until 2027.


title: 10,000 metres world record progression

text: The official world records in the 10,000 metres are held by Ugandan Joshua Cheptegei with 26:11.00 minutes for men and Ethiopian Letesenbet Gidey with 29:01.03 for women.


title: 10,000 metres world record progression

text: The first world record in the men's 10,000 metres was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1912. The first ratified record, Jean Bouin's time of 30:58.8 minutes, had been run the year before. As of June 21, 2009, 37 men's world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event.


title: 10,000 metres world record progression

text: The first world record in the women's 10,000 metres was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1981. As of June 21, 2009, eight women's world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event. Before the event was recognised by the IAAF as an official world record event the 3000 metres was the most common international women's long-distance track event, although women did sometimes compete over 10,000 m before its addition to the World Championships and Olympic programme in 1987 and 1988, respectively.


title: 10,000 metres world record progression

text: Where present, the "Auto" column gives a fully automatic time that was additionally recorded where the ratified mark was hand-timed, or from which the ratified mark was rounded to the 10th of a second, depending on the rules then in place.


title: 10,000 metres world record progression

text: Auto times to the hundredth of a second were accepted by the IAAF for events up to and including 10,000 m from 1981. However, Henry Rono's 27:22.4, timed to the hundredth at 27:22.47, was not adjusted from 1981.


title: Todd Boyce

text: Todd Boyce (born July 1, 1961) is an American film, television and theatre actor. He is perhaps best known for playing Stephen Reid in the successful soap opera "Coronation Street" from 1996 to 1997, 2007 and again in 2022.


title: Todd Boyce

text: Todd was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of a business manager. Raised in New York, Germany, Chicago and Brazil, at age 16 he moved with his family to Australia.


title: Todd Boyce

text: Todd Boyce graduated from Sydney Church of England Grammar School (S.C.E.G.S.) in December 1979 and joined the Australian soap opera "The Restless Years" in January 1980. He attended the National Institute of Dramatic Art (N.I.D.A.) the following year. After graduating from NIDA he went on to star in the mini-series "Fields of Fire".


title: Todd Boyce

text: Boyce debuted in "Coronation Street" as Audrey Roberts' illegitimate son Stephen Reid in 1996. He has appeared in 47 episodes of the series ranging between 1996 and 2007.


title: Todd Boyce

text: Boyce stars in the E4 comedy drama "Beaver Falls" as Bobby Jefferson, Head of Camp. In January 2012 he made a guest appearance in the British drama "Sherlock". In August 2012, he made a guest appearance in "Hollyoaks" as Herb, and in 2013 he made a guest appearance in "Mr Selfridge".


title: Todd Boyce

text: In 2016, he appeared in the Netflix series "The Crown". His film credits include roles in "I Can't Get Started" (1985), "The Punisher" (1989), "The Delinquents" (1989) opposite Kylie Minogue, "Blue Ice" (1992), "Jefferson in Paris" (1995), "Spy Game" (2001), "The Final Curtain" (2002) and "Flyboys" (2006).


title: Life with Lucy

text: Life with Lucy is an American sitcom starring Lucille Ball that aired for one season on ABC from September 20 to November 15, 1986. It is the only Lucille Ball sitcom to not air on CBS and the very last sitcom she starred in before her death in 1989. Only 8 out of the 13 episodes produced were aired before ABC cancelled the series. Unlike Ball's previous sitcoms, "Life with Lucy" was a failure in the ratings and poorly received by critics and viewers alike.


title: Life with Lucy

text: Ball plays a widowed grandmother who has inherited her husband's half interest in a hardware store in South Pasadena, California, the other half being owned by his business partner, widower Curtis McGibbon (played by Gale Gordon). Lucy's character insists on "helping" in the store, even though when her husband was alive, she had taken no part in the business and hence knows nothing about it. The unlikely partners are also in-laws, her daughter being married to his son, and all of them, along with their young grandchildren, live together.


title: Life with Lucy

text: During the 1984–1985 television season, NBC had experienced a huge success with its Bill Cosby comeback vehicle "The Cosby Show", following it up the next year with "The Golden Girls", which likewise revitalized the careers of Bea Arthur and Betty White. ABC, looking to stage a similar resurgence for an older sitcom star and to boost Saturday night ratings, approached 75-year-old, five-time Emmy award winner and cultural icon Lucille Ball. Producer Aaron Spelling had been in talks with Ball and her second husband Gary Morton since 1979 about possibly doing another series; the popular success of her dramatic turn in the television film "Stone Pillow" had proved she was still popular with audiences. Ball was initially hesitant about returning to television, stating that she did not believe she could top the 25-year run of success she had had with "I Love Lucy", "The Lucy Show" and "Here's Lucy", especially without Vivian Vance, who was deceased. She eventually agreed, conceding she had missed having a regular project to work on daily, on the condition of having total creative control.


title: Life with Lucy

text: ABC offered Ball the writers from the critical and ratings hit "M*A*S*H", but Ball insisted on her hiring her longtime writers Bob Carroll Jr. and Madelyn Pugh (credited as Madelyn Davis). Both had worked for Ball since her 1948 radio show "My Favorite Husband" and had written over 500 television and radio episodes for Ball, plus the occasional TV special and feature film. Ball also called in crew members who had worked for her since the days of "I Love Lucy". The most notable was sound man Cam McCulloch, who joined the crew during "I Love Lucy"’s third season in 1954. By 1986, however, McCulloch was 77 years old and quite hard of hearing (he was still working actively in Hollywood at the time, mixing audio for "WKRP in Cincinnati", "Square Pegs" and select episodes of "Newhart"). Ball also insisted on hiring her former co-star Gale Gordon, who by that time was retired from acting and living in Palm Springs. Gordon had worked with Ball on Jack Haley's radio show and more consistently on "My Favorite Husband". He was the first choice for the character of Fred Mertz and had guest starred on "I Love Lucy" and "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour" before becoming a main cast member on "The Lucy Show" in its second season and acting on all six seasons of "Here's Lucy".


title: Life with Lucy

text: Gordon agreed to do the show with the promise of a full season's pay for all 22 episodes regardless of whether the show was picked up. According to cast and crew members, the then 80-year-old Gordon never once flubbed a line on the set during the 13-episode duration. Ball was reportedly paid $100,000 an episode. Ball’s husband Gary Morton, carrying the title of executive producer, negotiated for $150,000 per episode. The pilot was created and shot, all without network interference or even test screenings. ABC and producers believed "Life with Lucy" would be a critical and ratings success that would run for many years, just as Ball's previous shows had been.


title: Life with Lucy

text: Ball's character's surname, Barker, continued her tradition of using surnames containing the letters "ar" (as in Ricardo, Carmichael and Carter on Ball's previous sitcoms) in tribute to her ex-husband Desi Arnaz.


title: Life with Lucy

text: The show's theme song was performed by Eydie Gormé. Apparently, an alternative theme was written by Ball's daughter, Lucie Arnaz, with Cy Coleman.


title: Life with Lucy

text: Fourteen episodes were written, thirteen filmed, but only eight aired. On the day of the last filmed (but unaired) episode, producer Aaron Spelling learned of the show's cancellation by ABC; he decided to tell Ball's husband Gary Morton, who decided not to reveal the news to her until after taping ended. The last episode to be aired, "Mother of the Bride", featured Audrey Meadows, who was offered to be cast as a regular to give the show a new direction and Ball's character a comic foil and partner, similar to the role of Vivian Vance in Ball's previous series. (This was the only Ball sitcom in which Vance, who had died in 1979, never appeared.) Meadows turned down the offer.


title: Life with Lucy

text: "Life with Lucy"s premiere episode on September 20 made the Nielsen's Top 25 (#23 for the week) for its week; however, subsequent episodes dropped steadily in viewership; "Life with Lucy" went against NBC's "The Facts of Life" in the same Saturday night lead off timeslot and never gained ground against it. It ranked only 73rd out of 79 shows for the season (the seventh lowest rated show on TV for the season), with a 9.0/16 rating/share. Since only 13 episodes were produced, it was not possible for the series to go into heavy rerun rotation like I Love Lucy. Nevertheless, it aired on Nick at Nite as part of a Lucille Ball-theme marathon in 1996. Episodes can also be found at the Paley Center for Media in New York City and Beverly Hills, California. Biographies of the actress reveal that she was reportedly devastated by the show's failure, and she never again attempted another series or feature film; her subsequent interviews and other TV appearances were infrequent. Ball's last public appearance was as a presenter on the 1989 Academy Awards telecast, in which she and fellow presenter Bob Hope were given a standing ovation. She died a month later, in April 1989. In a 1999 interview with the Archive of American Television, Aaron Spelling attributed the failure of the show to his decision to allow Ball to do the same type of shows she had done in the past. Spelling said that at her age the audience were more worried for her safety than laughing at her pratfalls. He took the blame for allowing her full creative control, because he said Ball had offered to do something different if he thought that was best, but he felt her ideas were more likely to succeed. Spelling said this experience had a lot to do with his rarely producing sitcoms.


title: Life with Lucy

text: In July 2002 "TV Guide" named "Life with Lucy" the 26th worst TV series of all time, stating that it was "without a doubt, the saddest entry in [its] list of bad TV shows of all time". In his book "What Were They Thinking? The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History", author David Hofstede ranked the series at No. 21 on the list.


title: Life with Lucy

text: "Life with Lucy" had two special guest stars, John Ritter ("Lucy Makes a Hit with John Ritter") as himself and Audrey Meadows ("Mother of the Bride") as Lucy's sister Audrey.


title: Life with Lucy

text: In September 2018, Time-Life released a DVD, "Lucy: The Ultimate Collection", that included 4 episodes of "Life with Lucy" (which had never before been released to home media), and also collected 32 episodes of "I Love Lucy", 2 episodes of "The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour", 24 episodes of "The Lucy Show", and 14 episodes of "Here's Lucy", plus a wide variety of bonus features.


title: Life with Lucy

text: On July 26, 2019, CBS/Paramount announced the release of all thirteen episodes on a separate "Life with Lucy - The Complete Series" DVD set, including the final five episodes that were produced but never aired. The set was released on October 8, 2019.


title: Life with Lucy

text: In Australia, Life With Lucy - The Complete Series was released on April 1, 2020 and distributed by Shock Entertainment.


title: Loading dose

text: In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose.


title: Loading dose

text: A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate therapeutic level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long time for the amount of the drug in the body to reach that level.


title: Loading dose

text: Drugs which may be started with an initial loading dose include digoxin, teicoplanin, voriconazole, procainamide and fulvestrant.


title: Loading dose

text: One or series of doses that may be given at the onset of therapy with the aim of achieving the target concentration rapidly.


title: Loading dose

text: hypothetical drug "foosporin". Suppose it has a long lifetime in the body, and only ten percent of it is cleared from the blood each day by the liver and kidneys. Suppose also that the drug works best when the total amount in the body is exactly one gram. So, the maintenance dose of "foosporin" is 100 milligrams (100 mg) per day—just enough to offset the amount cleared.


title: Loading dose

text: As one can see, it would take many days for the total amount of drug within the body to come close to 1 gram (1000 mg) and achieve its full therapeutic effect.


title: Loading dose

text: For a drug such as this, a doctor might prescribe a loading dose of "one gram" to be taken on the first day. That immediately gets the drug's concentration in the body up to the therapeutically-useful level.


title: Loading dose

text: For an intravenously administered drug, the bioavailability "F" will equal 1, since the drug is directly introduced to the bloodstream. If the patient requires an oral dose, bioavailability will be less than 1 (depending upon absorption, first pass metabolism etc.), requiring a larger loading dose.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Vincent Zhou (born October 25, 2000) is an American figure skater. He is a 2022 Olympic Games team event silver medalist, a two-time World bronze medalist (2019, 2022), the 2019 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy champion, the 2021 Skate America champion, the 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy silver medalist, the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy silver medalist, and a three-time U.S. national silver medalist (2017, 2019, 2021).


title: Vincent Zhou

text: He is also the 2017 World Junior champion, a three-time Junior Grand Prix event silver medalist, and the 2013 U.S. junior national champion.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: In February 2018, Zhou became the first person to successfully land a quadruple Lutz jump at the Olympics. He finished sixth in PyeongChang.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Vincent Zhou was born in San Jose, California. Both of his parents are originally from China. His older sister, Vivian, is a violinist and diver. His mother, Fei Ge, and his father, Max Zhou, are both computer scientists and worked in Silicon Valley. When Zhou was a baby, his family moved to Palo Alto, California, where they continue to reside. Zhou moved with his mother to Colorado Springs, Colorado, in the spring of 2015 and returned to California a year later. He has since returned to Colorado Springs, where he spends the majority of his time. He had a Siamese tabby cat named Snookie. He volunteers regularly.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou attended Capistrano Connections Academy, an online school, to accommodate his training. He received the Presidential Award for Educational Excellence, a recognition awarded at the sole discretion of his school principal. Zhou enrolled at Brown University in the fall of 2019.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou started skating in 2005. As a young child, he had lessons with Julie Lowndes and Charlie Tickner. He was coached by Diana Miro at the juvenile level and represented the Peninsula Skating Club until the 2011–2012 season. When he was nine, Zhou started to be coached by Tammy Gambill and became a member of the All Year Figure Skating Club in Riverside, California. Zhou admires Patrick Chan, Brian Boitano, Michael Weiss, Yuzuru Hanyu, and Richard Dornbush.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou intended to skate at the senior level in the 2013–2014 season, but missed the season due to an injury. He was also forced to sit out the entire 2014–15 season because of a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee and a discoid meniscus. Zhou underwent surgery at the UCSF Orthepedic Institute in San Francisco to get his injuries treated.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: In the spring of 2015, Zhou began training at the Broadmoor Skating Club in Colorado Springs, Colorado with Tom Zakrajsek and Becky Calvin as his new coaches. In May 2015, he returned to competition, at the Santa Fe Skatefest.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Making his ISU Junior Grand Prix debut, Zhou won two silver medals at the 2015 JGP events in Bratislava, Slovakia and Linz, Austria. These results qualified him for the 2015–16 JGP Final in Barcelona, where he finished fourth.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: In January 2016, Zhou placed 8th on the senior level at the U.S. Championships and was named in the U.S. team to the World Junior Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. At the March event, he placed fourth in both segments and fifth overall.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou changed coaches ahead of the 2016–2017 season, returning to Tammy Gambill. He has continued to train in Colorado Springs with one of his primary coaches, Drew Meekins, and Tom Zakrajsek. Starting his season on the Junior Grand Prix series, he won silver in Yokohama, Japan, having ranked first in the short and second in the free behind South Korea's Cha Jun-hwan, and then bronze in Tallinn, Estonia. In December, he made his senior international debut at the 2016 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb but withdrew after the short program.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Competing as a senior, Zhou won the silver medal at the U.S. Championships in January 2017. The following month, he stood on his first senior international podium, taking gold at the Bavarian Open. In March, he won the gold medal at the 2017 World Junior Championships. After placing 5th in the short program, he moved up to win the title with a personal best free skate.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou opened the season at the Finlandia Trophy, where he scored 6th in the short program, then moved up to a second-place finish behind China's Boyang Jin after winning the free skate. He made his senior Grand Prix debut, having received assignments to the 2017 Cup of China and 2017 Internationaux de France. In China, he scored 8th in the short program and 2nd in the free skate, landing just three points short of the podium; in France, he fell on the quads in his short program, ending up 10th in the short and 9th overall.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: After intense training and a shoulder dislocation, Zhou headed to the 2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, where he attempted a total of seven quadruple jumps. He took 5th in the short program and 3rd in the free skate, taking the bronze medal. His total score was just 0.68 points behind silver medalist Ross Miner.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Alongside Nathan Chen and Adam Rippon, Zhou was named in the U.S. Olympic figure skating team to Pyeongchang, South Korea. During his short program on February 16, he became the first skater to land a quadruple Lutz jump at the Olympics. After the free program, he ultimately placed 6th, behind US national champion Nathan Chen.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: In April 2018, Zhou announced on Instagram that he and his choreographer Joshua Farris completed a new exhibition program to A-ha's "Take On Me". Zhou noted he had grown fond of the song while reading Ernest Cline's "Ready Player One".


title: Vincent Zhou

text: At his first event of the season, the 2018 CS U.S. International Classic, Zhou placed sixth in the short, first in the free, and fourth overall.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou's assignments for the 2018-19 Grand Prix series are Skate America and NHK Trophy. At the 2018 Skate America, Zhou placed six in the short, third in the free, and fifth overall. At the 2018 NHK Trophy, Zhou placed fifth in the short, fourth in the free, and fourth overall. In late November Zhou competed at the 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy, where he won the silver medal.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: At the 2019 US Championships, he won the silver medal after placing third in the short program and second in the free skate. He said "I’m happy with the results, but there is still so much room for improvement,” That gives me hope for the future, because to achieve what I did this week, and still have room for growth, is a good thing. I look forward to Four Continents and the World Championships." He was assigned to compete at the 2019 Four Continents Championships in early February and the 2019 World Championships in March.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: At the 2019 Four Continents Championships, Zhou ranked first in the short with a personal best score of 100.18, and fifth in the free. He won the bronze medal, achieving his first podium finish at an ISU Championship. Speaking afterward, he said "I thought that I skated great today, The most important thing that I got from today was the love for the sport. The audience was absolutely incredible and they helped me feel good about how I skated. I think that I did a good job at this competition and I made many improvements upon my previous performances. I did a very good quad Lutz at the beginning, but then my mind got a little blurry going into the quad Salchow and that could have been better.".


title: Vincent Zhou

text: At the 2019 World Championships, Zhou scored a new season's best of 186.99, placing third in the free skate and won the bronze medal. Afterwards, he stated, "I do not think there is one stone left unturned when it came to the organization itself, Everyone here has been so kind and so supportive. I am super proud that I was able to put together two strong performances, and I built upon what has been made on the nationals and Four Continents. To end the season like this is really incredible. It has been the first time since 1996 since two Americans have been on a podium, and I think it is really noteworthy. I am really honored to compete here and having the opportunity to skate here in Japan." Zhou concluded the season as part of the gold medal-winning Team USA at the 2019 World Team Trophy.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou left his longtime coach Tom Zakrajsek, announcing that he would train with Tammy Gambill in the United States and also with Japanese coach Mie Hamada, who he had been working with for some time previously. Zhou chose to attend Brown University, stating that the curriculum was flexible enough that it would be viable to both skate and study.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou debuted at the 2019 CS U.S. Classic, placing first in the short program but dropping to the bronze medal position after a fourth-place free skate. He withdrew from both of his Grand Prix assignments for the year, stating that they conflicted with adequate preparation for his midterm examinations. In January 2020, Zhou announced that he would take a gap year from Brown University for the following season, and would henceforth be coached by Hamada, Lee Barkell and choreographer Lori Nichol at the Granite Club in Toronto.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Only able to train for approximately four weeks prior to the 2020 U.S. Championships, he nevertheless placed fourth in the short program. Fourth in the free skate as well, he won the pewter medal. Zhou performed only one quadruple jump in each program, saying that he had only started to land them the week of the competition. Despite his fourth place, he was assigned to one of the United States' three men's berths at the 2020 World Championships. The World Championships were subsequently cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: The pandemic caused Zhou to conclude that his coaching arrangement in Toronto was no longer viable due to restrictions on international travel, and he parted ways with Barkell, saying that he had been refreshed by his time at the Granite Club. With Japan also not an option, he returned to Colorado Springs and former coaches Krall and Zakrajsek. He was assigned to compete at the 2020 Skate America in Las Vegas, the ISU having made Grand Prix assignments based primarily on training location to minimize travel. Zhou placed second in the short program, despite landing his quad Salchow on the quarter mark. He was second in the free skate as well despite falling on his opening underrotated quad Lutz and underrotating another quad Salchow attempt, taking the silver medal behind Nathan Chen and ahead of Keegan Messing. On winning his first Grand Prix medal he said "obviously there were a few hiccups in the program, but overall, I’m really proud of myself for what I did at this competition."


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou competed next at the 2021 U.S. Championships, also held in Las Vegas. He placed second in the short program, landing both a quad Lutz and a quad Salchow. Second in the free skate as well despite two errors on quad attempts, he won the silver medal. He was assigned to the American team for the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm. At Worlds, Zhou struggled on all three jumping passes in the short program and failed to land a single fully rotated jump. He finished 25th overall and missed qualifying for the free skating segment by less than a quarter of a point. While fellow American skaters Chen and Jason Brown placed first and seventh in the event, Zhou's failure to qualify for the free skate meant that the United States only qualified two men's berths for the 2022 Winter Olympics outright, with the necessity of competing for a third later in the year at the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: After winning the Skating Club of Boston's Cranberry Cup event, Zhou was assigned as the American men's entry to the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy to secure a third Olympic berth for the United States. Zhou placed first in both programs to win the event.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: At his first Grand Prix assignment of the season, the 2021 Skate America, Zhou skated two clean programs, including landing five quads in his free skate, to win both segments of competition and take the gold medal overall in what was considered an upset victory over compatriot Nathan Chen, who finished third after numerous mistakes. Chen had been undefeated for over three years prior. Zhou said afterward that he "didn't really expect this result, but what I did expect of myself was to be as well-prepared and well-trained as I possibly could, and I think just focusing on that every single day at home led to making the seemingly impossible become possible." His second assignment, the 2021 NHK Trophy, was widely considered a contest between Zhou and Skate America silver medalist Shoma Uno, due to Yuzuru Hanyu having had to withdraw from the event due to injury. Zhou placed narrowly second in the short program, 3.07 points behind Uno, but had a poor free skate, singling a planned quad Lutz to open and then underrotating three other jumps and receiving quarter calls on three others. He pronounced himself "very disappointed and made a lot of mistakes and wish I could have done better and capitalize on this opportunity. This is not representative of my training." Zhou's results qualified him to the Grand Prix Final, but it was subsequently cancelled due to restrictions prompted by the Omicron variant.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou placed second with a clean skate in the short program at the 2022 U.S. Championships. He struggled in the free skate, making several errors on quadruple jumps and falling on his triple Axel attempt, placing fourth in that segment and narrowly third overall, 0.38 points ahead of pewter medalist Jason Brown. Zhou said "the simplest answer is that I was just so nervous that my body froze up on me. I'm really disappointed in myself" Despite this personal disappointment, he was named to his second American Olympic team.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Beginning the 2022 Winter Olympics as the American entry in the men's free skate segment of the Olympic team event, Zhou popped a planned quadruple flip early in the program, but rallied to complete three more quads and three Level 4 spins. With 171.44 points, Zhou ranked third in the segment and added eight team points, en route to a silver medal finish for the Americans. Zhou received two positive tests for COVID-19 afterward and announced that he would have to withdraw from the men's event. Zhou called the turn of events "pretty unreal." Zhou was not allowed to participate in the closing ceremony despite testing negative for 14 straight days and having antibodies.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Following the disappointing conclusion to his Olympics, Zhou concluded the season at the 2022 World Championships in Montpellier. Zhou placed sixth in the short program after underrotating both of his quad attempts. He had several underrotations in the free skate as well, placing fourth in that segment, but rose to third place overall in a chaotic event. He said afterward that he was "still very upset over the loss of that opportunity at the Olympics, but I'm very grateful that I still had the chance to compete here at Worlds. I did some great things out there, and there is a lot for me to learn and grow from."


title: Vincent Zhou

text: Zhou indicated that he would focus "solely on academics" in the fall, but did not rule out a comeback.


title: Vincent Zhou

text: "GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix. Pewter medals (4th place) awarded only at U.S. national, sectional, and regional events."


title: Vincent Zhou

text: "Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Current ISU world bests highlighted in bold and italic."


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Collin Gillespie (born June 25, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on a two-way contract with the Grand Rapids Gold of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Villanova Wildcats. Gillespie was named Big East co-Player of the Year in 2021 and won it outright the following year.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Gillespie is the son of a police officer. He attended Archbishop Wood Catholic High School, where he was coached by John Mosco. Gillespie had no Division I scholarship offers coming into his senior year, but received offers from Rider, Hofstra and Villanova after strong play in a tournament. He scored 42 points in a regular-season win over Neumann Goretti featuring Kentucky recruit Quade Green. As a senior, he led the team to a PIAA Class 5A state title in 2017. Gillespie averaged 24.1 points per game as a senior and was named Philadelphia Player of the Year by the Philadelphia Daily News as well as Catholic League Most Valuable Player. He signed a letter of intent with Villanova on April 14, 2017, joining Dhamir Cosby-Roundtree and Jermaine Samuels in the class of 2021.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Gillespie enrolled at Villanova in the fall of 2017, and he wanted to redshirt his freshman year at the school, but coach Jay Wright decided against doing it because Gillespie "was playing above his years." Soon breaking into the rotation, Gillespie scored in double figures in his second collegiate game, but he also had to learn to adjust to the quickness of the college game. Gillespie had to miss more than a month in December and January due to a fractured bone in his left hand sustained in a December 10 practice. However, he returned to action in a January 17 road win over Georgetown. He provided quality minutes and had eight points including two three-pointers in a February 1 win over Creighton due to the absence of Phil Booth with a similar hand injury. Gillespie made his first start on February 10, in an 86–75 win over Butler. In the first round of the NCAA Tournament, Gillespie scored nine points and had a steal in a win versus Radford. He had four points and five rebounds in the 79–62 NCAA championship game win over Michigan. He averaged 4.3 points per game in 14.4 minutes per game. Gillespie posted a 2.6-to-1 assist to turnover ratio, which Wright attributed to him thinking about his teammates and trying to make them better.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Gillespie scored a season-high 30 points in a 77–65 win against Georgetown on February 3, 2019. On March 9, he had 22 points in a 79–75 loss to Seton Hall. As a sophomore, Gillespie averaged 10.9 points per game.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Coming into his junior season, Gillespie broke his nose in practice, forcing him to wear a mask for several games. Gillespie had 27 points and six assists in an 87–78 loss to Baylor in the championship game of the Myrtle Beach Classic. He was named to the All-Tournament Team and Big East player of the week on November 25. On January 28, 2020, Gillespie had his first double-double with 17 points and a career-high 13 rebounds in a 79–59 win over St. John's. Gillespie scored a season-high 29 points on February 16, in a 76–56 win over Temple. At the conclusion of the regular season, Gillespie was selected to the Second Team All-Big East. He averaged 15.1 points, 4.5 assists, and 1.2 steals per game on a team that finished 24–7.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: Coming into his senior season, Gillespie was named to the Bob Cousy Award watchlist as well as Preseason First Team All-Big East. He tore his MCL during a 72–60 win over Creighton on March 3, 2021, ending his season. At the conclusion of the regular season, Gillespie was named Big East Co-Player of the Year alongside teammate Jeremiah Robinson-Earl and Seton Hall's Sandro Mamukelashvili. He averaged 14 points and 4.6 assists per game. Gillespie decided to take advantage of the additional season of eligibility granted by the NCAA due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: On February 15, 2022, Gillespie scored a career-high 33 points despite playing on a swollen ankle in an 89–84 win at Providence.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: After going undrafted in the 2022 NBA draft, Gillespie signed a two-way contract with the Denver Nuggets. Gillespie joined the Nuggets' 2022 NBA Summer League team. In his Summer League debut, Gillespie scored 11 points, six rebounds, and four assists in a 78–85 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. In four Summer League games, he averaged 11.3 points, 5.3 rebounds, and 4.3 assists per game.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: On July 30, 2022, the Nuggets announced that Gillespie had undergone surgery for a lower leg fracture and that he would be out indefinitely.


title: Collin Gillespie

text: In the summer of 2019, Gillespie was a part of the United States National team who competed at the Pan American Games in Peru. The team won bronze, defeating Dominican Republic behind 25 points from Gillespie.


title: Paddle (spanking)

text: A spanking paddle is an implement used to strike a person on the buttocks. The act of spanking a person with a paddle is known as "paddling". A paddling may be for punishment (normally of a student at school in the United States), or as an initiation or hazing ritual.


title: Paddle (spanking)

text: A paddle has two parts: a handle and a blade. Most paddles are designed to be held with one hand, but a giant paddle may be designed to be held with two hands. The blade is typically 3 to wide, 1/4-inch thick, and 1 to in length.


title: Paddle (spanking)

text: In the great majority of cases, the paddle is aimed at the recipient's buttocks. Less commonly, the back of the thighs might also be targeted.


title: Paddle (spanking)

text: Paddles for use in schools are made of wood, or occasionally plastic. Paddles used for school punishments may be roughly hewn from commonly available wood. Occasionally, paddles may have holes drilled into them, so there is less air drag when the paddle approaches the buttocks, and produces more pain. The paddles used for fraternity and sorority initiation ceremonies are often professionally made and engraved with organizational symbols and slogans.


title: Paddle (spanking)

text: The paddle may have been originally invented for the punishment of enslaved people as a way of causing intense pain without doing any permanent damage to the recipient. However it is not only in former slave states that the paddle has been used in schools. It is not known why or exactly when it became the normal implement for corporal punishment in US schools. There are, however, instances of paddling using similar implements with individuals who were not slaves.