title: Beneficiary

text: Most beneficiaries may be designed to designate where the assets will go when the owner(s) dies. However, if the primary beneficiary or beneficiaries are not alive or do not qualify under the restrictions, the assets will probably pass to the "contingent beneficiaries". Other restrictions such as being married or more creative ones can be used by a benefactor to attempt to control the behavior of the beneficiaries. Some situations such as retirement accounts do not allow any restrictions beyond death of the primary beneficiaries, but trusts allow any restrictions that are not illegal or for an illegal purpose.


title: Beneficiary

text: The concept of a "beneficiary" will also frequently figure in contracts other than insurance policies. A third-party beneficiary of a contract is a person whom the parties intend to benefit from its provisions but who is not a party to the contract. A software distributor, for example, may seek provisions protecting its customers from infringement claims. A software licensor may include in its agreements provisions that protect those who provided code to that licensor.


title: Beneficiary

text: In the context of development aid, the term "beneficiaries" refer to the persons and the communities that use the project outputs: the entities that development-aid projects.


title: Radio Data System

text: Radio Data System (RDS) is a communications protocol standard for embedding small amounts of digital information in conventional FM radio broadcasts. RDS standardizes several types of information transmitted, including time, station identification and program information.


title: Radio Data System

text: The standard began as a project of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), but has since become an international standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) is the official name used for the U.S. version of RDS. The two standards are only slightly different, with receivers able to work with either system and only minor inconsistencies in the displayed data.


title: Radio Data System

text: Both versions carry data at 1,187.5 bits per second on a 57 kHz subcarrier, so there are exactly 48 cycles of subcarrier during every data bit. The RBDS/RDS subcarrier was set to the third harmonic of the 19 kHz FM stereo pilot tone to minimize interference and intermodulation between the data signal, the stereo pilot and the 38 kHz DSB-SC stereo difference signal. (The stereo difference signal extends up 38 kHz + 15 kHz = 53 kHz, leaving 4 kHz for the lower sideband of the RDS signal.)


title: Radio Data System

text: The data is sent with an error correction code, but receivers may choose to use it only for error detection purposes. RDS defines many features including how private (in-house) or other undefined features can be "packaged" in unused program groups.


title: Radio Data System

text: RDS was inspired by the development of the Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem (ARI) in Germany by the Institut für Rundfunktechnik (IRT) and the radio manufacturer Blaupunkt. ARI used a 57-kHz subcarrier to indicate the presence of traffic information in an FM radio broadcast.


title: Radio Data System

text: The EBU Technical Committee launched a project at its 1974 Paris meeting to develop a technology with similar purposes to ARI, but which was more flexible and which would enable automated retuning of a receiver where a broadcast network transmitted the same radio programme on a number of different frequencies. The modulation system was based on that used in a Swedish paging system and the baseband coding was a new design, mainly developed by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the IRT. The EBU issued the first RDS specification in 1984.


title: Radio Data System

text: Of the three broadcasting partners of the EBU, the BBC were reportedly pursuing the application of RDS technology most enthusiastically and sought to attract bids from manufacturers to make a "BBC-accredited radio" supporting RDS features. Having received no manufacturer interest, however, the corporation engaged designers at Kinneir Dufort to produce a prototype showcasing these features. This prototype, unveiled in 1989, incorporated a liquid-crystal display capable of showing images such as weather maps, accompanied by "a light pen with which the radio can be programmed from barcodes", these barcodes encoding programme information, and supported detachable modules, of which a cassette player module and a printer module were developed. Despite reluctance to develop screen-based functionality that might bring RDS into competition with television, the utility of being able to print out information such as weather maps or even advertising was regarded as potentially interesting to both radio and television manufacturers alike.


title: Radio Data System

text: Enhancements to the alternative frequencies functionality were added to the standard and it was subsequently published as a European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) standard in 1990.


title: Radio Data System

text: In 1992 the U.S. National Radio Systems Committee issued the North American version of the RDS standard, called the Radio Broadcast Data System. The CENELEC standard was updated in 1992 with the addition of Traffic Message Channel and in 1998 with Open Data Applications and, in 2000, RDS was published worldwide as IEC standard 62106.


title: Radio Data System

text: The RDS-Forum (Geneva/CH) decided at its annual meeting (8–9 June 2015) in Glion/Montreux to bring the new standard RDS2 on the way. The standard will be created in close collaboration with U.S. colleagues from NRSC RBDS-Subcommittee and should offer a unified platform for FM broadcasting and data services worldwide.


title: Radio Data System

text: As far as implementation is concerned, most car stereos will support at least AF, EON, REG, PS and TA/TP.


title: Radio Data System

text: There are a growing number of RDS implementations in portable audio and navigation devices thanks to lower-priced, small-footprint solutions.


title: Radio Data System

text: The RDS sub-carrier at 57 kHz occupies ±2 kHz of the composite spectrum which in theory keeps it above the upper cutoff of the stereo subcarrier at 53 kHz. However the 53 kHz cutoff is entirely dependent on the performance of the 15 kHz low pass filters used before the stereo encoder. In older equipment, these filters were only designed to protect the 19 kHz pilot and sometimes did not provide sufficient protection to the RDS subcarrier when a significant amount of stereo information was present. In this situation, stereo enhancement devices combined with aggressive audio processing could render the RDS subcarrier unreceivable.


title: Radio Data System

text: Composite clipping systems may also degrade the RDS sub-carrier because of the harmonics created by the clipping. More modern composite clippers include filtering to protect the RDS subcarrier.


title: Radio Data System

text: The RDS subcarrier typically uses 2–4 kHz of carrier deviation. Therefore, the deviation available for the program material is reduced by this amount, assuming the usual 75 kHz deviation limit is not exceeded.


title: Radio Data System

text: The following table lists the RDS and RBDS (North American) program type (PTY) codes and their meanings:


title: Radio Data System

text: The PTY codes have undergone several expansions. The first RDS standard only defined 0–15 and 31. The later RBDS standard implemented in the U.S. assigned the same meanings to codes 0, 1 and 31, but made no attempt to match the rest of the original RDS plan and created its own list for codes 2–22 and 30, including commercially important (in the U.S.) radio formats such as top 40, religious, country, jazz and R&B which were not in the RDS list. This included mismatched codes for information. sport, and rock. Later RBDS standards added types 23 (College) and 29 (Weather), while the RDS type code list grew to its current size, importing some types (e.g. jazz and country) from the RDBS list. RDBS types 24–26 were added in April 2011. The code mismatches are mainly a problem for people taking portable radios into or out of North America.


title: Radio Data System

text: The RDS standard as specified in EN 50067:1998 is separated into these sections according to the OSI model. (The network and transport layers are excluded, as this is a unidirectional broadcast standard.)


title: Radio Data System

text: The physical layer in the standard describes how the bitstream is retrieved from the radio signal. The RDS hardware first demodulates the 57 kHz RDS subcarrier signal to extract a differential Manchester encoded signal which contains both the bit clock and the differentially encoded bitstream. This allows the RDS decoder to tolerate phase inversion of its input.


title: Radio Data System

text: At the data link layer, 26 consecutive bits form a "block", consisting of 16 data bits followed by 10 error correction bits. Four blocks make a 104-bit "group". The error correction bits also encode the "offset", or block number within a 4-block group.


title: Radio Data System

text: The error correction is done using a 10-bit cyclic redundancy check, with polynomial . (Neither a preset nor post-invert is used, as they are not necessary with a fixed-size data field.) The CRC is also summed with one of five "offset" words which identify the block: A, B, C, C′, or D. Four consecutive blocks (ABCD or ABC′D) make up a "group" of 104 bits (64 data bits + 40 check bits). There are slightly over 11.4 groups transmitted per second.


title: Radio Data System

text: There is no gap between blocks. The receiver synchronizes to groups and blocks by checking CRCs on each 26 bits until synchronization is achieved. Once synchronized (the offset word is predictable), the code is capable of correcting up to 5-bit burst errors.


title: Radio Data System

text: This basic modulation and block structure was originally developed for the "mobile search" protocol, with the difference that MBS (or the North American equivalent MMBS "modified MBS") does not use an offset word. To allow the two systems to interoperate (and to allow FM radio stations to transmit RBDS data while maintaining their pager contracts), the RBDS standard defines a sixth all-zero offset word E. Groups of four E blocks may be mixed with RBDS groups, and ignored by RBDS receivers. (Likewise, the RBS offset words are chosen to appear as uncorrectable errors to MBS receivers.)


title: Radio Data System

text: Data within each block (and group) is transmitted most significant bit first, and thus are numbered from bit 15 (transmitted first) to bit 0 (transmitted last).


title: Radio Data System

text: The most frequently information transmitted is a 16-bit "program identification" code, identifying the transmitting radio station. Blocks A and C′ always include the PI code; offset C is used when the third block contains something else.


title: Radio Data System

text: Block 1 always contains the 16-bit program identifier. The first 11 bits (bits 15–5) of block 2 are also the same in all groups.


title: Radio Data System

text: The first 4 bits (bits 15–11) of block 2 are the "group type code", which describe the interpretation of the remaining data. Each group type comes "A" and "B" variants, distinguished by the fifth "B" bit (bit 10): If B=0, then the group is 0A through 15A, and contains 5+16+16 = 37 bits of data. If B=1, block 2 contains a PI code (and is encoded with offset word C′), the group is one of 0B through 15B, and contains 21 bits of data.


title: Radio Data System

text: Within Block 1 and Block 2 are structures that will always be present in both group versions, for fast and responsive identifications. The first block of every group, will always be the program identification code. The second block dedicates the first 4 bits for Application/Group Type.


title: Radio Data System

text: This allows for quick identification of radio program type, based on country, coverage area, and program reference number. While the country code is specified by the standard, bit 11 to bit 0 is specified by each country local authorities.


title: Radio Data System

text: Country codes are re-used, but only in geographically distant regions beyond FM broadcast range from each other. For example, country code F is assigned to France, Norway, Belarus and Egypt.


title: Radio Data System

text: This can be considered an additional program type bit, and indicates that the station broadcasts periodic traffic reports. By including it in every group, a receiver can quickly search for a station which includes traffic reports.


title: Radio Data System

text: Another bit, traffic announcement (TA), is sent in block types 0A, 0B and 15B to indicate that such a report is in progress. It is common for otherwise-simulcast transmitters to have periodic local traffic reports which are customized to the individual transmitter. The traffic announcement bit tells a receiver that a transmitter-specific broadcast is in progress, and it should avoid switching frequencies while they are in progress.


title: Radio Data System

text: These are non-comprehensive examples that cover just the simple messages likes station name, radio text, and date/time.


title: Radio Data System

text: As we have already described previous fields above, these dot points below show just the application specific fields.


title: Radio Data System

text: The station name and decoder identification code is sent progressively over 4 groups, where the offset is defined by bit C1 and C0.


title: Radio Data System

text: The clock time group is inserted so that the minute edge will occur within ±0.1 seconds of the end of the clock time group.


title: Radio Data System

text: Note: The local time offset is expressed in multiples of half hours within the range −15.5h to +15.5h. It is expressed in signed magnitude form, with the most significant bit being the "Local Offset Sign" bit (LOS), 0 = + (east of Greenwich), 1 = −.


title: Radio Data System

text: The following three images illustrate how RDS can be used on an FM radio station; the latter two were taken when the radio was tuned to Nottingham radio station Trent FM. All the images are of the display on the Sony XDR-S1 DAB/FM/MW/LW portable radio.


title: Radio Data System

text: Companies such as ST Microelectronics, Silicon Labs in Austin, Texas and NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips) offer single-chip solutions that are found in these devices.


title: Charly García

text: Charly García (born Carlos Alberto García, October 23, 1951) is an Argentine singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He formed and headlined two of the most popular bands in Argentina's rock history: Sui Generis in the 1970s and Serú Girán in the 1980s, plus cult status groups like progressive-rock act La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros and folk rock supergroup PorSuiGieco, both also in the 1970s. Since the 1980s García has worked mostly as a solo musician. His main instrument is the piano, followed by guitar and keyboards. García is also well known for his flamboyant and rebellious personality as well as his bicolor moustache, with one side white due to vitiligo.


title: Charly García

text: García is often considered by critics as one of the most influential rock artists in Latin America, and he is widely credited (together with Luis Alberto Spinetta and Litto Nebbia) as one of the founding "Fathers of Argentine Rock".


title: Charly García

text: He is the firstborn of a Buenos Aires family of good economic position, in the neighborhood of Caballito. Son of Carmen Moreno and Carlos Jaime García-Lange, an engineer who owns the first formica factory in the country. He is of Spanish and German descent from his father's side, and Spanish and Dutch from his mother. He has three brothers: Enrique (deceased), Daniel and Josi.


title: Charly García

text: Charly began to show musical talent at an early age. At three, he received a toy piano as a gift, and soon he surprised his mother with his ability to compose and play coherent melodies, leading her to enlist him in a prestigious conservatory, the Thibaud Piazzini. At age twelve, he graduated as a Music Professor. Charly developed absolute pitch as a child.


title: Charly García

text: García first heard The Beatles when he was thirteen. Having previously only been exposed to classical music and folk, he would describe the Beatles as "classical music from Mars". In high school he met Carlos Alberto "Nito" Mestre and the two fused their bands to form Sui Generis.


title: Charly García

text: The band initially experimented with psychedelic rock, but its style would quickly be established as folk-rock with a certain influence from the symphonic rock of the day. At their first major gig, the band's bassist, guitarist and drummer all failed to appear. Only Charlie (García spelled his name with "ie" back then) and Nito showed up, playing piano and flute respectively. They were forced to play on their own, and were a hit with the audience despite the other musicians' absence. The band's strength lay in the songs' musical simplicity and romantic lyrics, which appealed widely to teenagers.


title: Charly García

text: In 1972, Sui Generis released its first LP, "Vida", which quickly became popular among Argentine teenagers. "Confesiones de invierno" ("Winter Confessions"), their second LP, was released in 1973. This album showcased higher production values and better studio equipment, and was very successful commercially.


title: Charly García

text: 1974 was a year of changes. Charlie lost interest in "the piano and flute" sound that Sui Generis had been developing, and decided that Sui Generis needed a change; the band would evolve towards a more traditional rock sound, incorporating bass and drums. To that end, Rinaldo Rafanelli and Juan Rodríguez joined the band. In many live shows, Sui Generis also brought in a gifted guitar player, David Lebón, whom Charly admired very much.


title: Charly García

text: With a new line-up and style, the band was ready to launch its new album. Originally titled "Instituciones", its name was changed to "Pequeñas anécdotas de las instituciones" at the producer's suggestion. The album was intended as a reflection on the unstable nature of Argentine social and political institutions at the time. Charlie's initial concept was to write a song for every traditional institution: the Roman Catholic Church, the government, the family, the judicial system, the police, the army, and so on. However, two songs, "Juan Represión", about the police, and "Botas locas", about the army, were eliminated from the album by the censors. Two more, which referred to censorship itself, had to be partially modified. While Sui Generis achieved a different, more mature sound with "Instituciones", the public did not embrace it, preferring the band's previous style, and so the album sold poorly. Around this time Charlie met his future wife, María Rosa Yorio, a singer-songwriter who became the mother of his first and only son, .


title: Charly García

text: Charly García continued composing, and during 1975, he prepared what would be Sui Generis's fourth album, "Ha sido" ("Has Been", playing on the word "ácido", acid). However, growing frictions between Charly and Nito and a wearying public prevented the album's release, and the decision was made to dissolve the band. Many songs from that ill-fated album were later included in other García's LPs, such as "Bubulina" (1976) and "Eiti Leda" (1978).


title: Charly García

text: Finally, on September 9, 1975, Sui Generis scenified its farewell at the Luna Park Stadium, giving two shows for 20 thousand people – the largest audience in the history of Argentine rock at the time. The shows have been recalled as delirium-inducing, adrenaline-fueled delivery of great music. Two LPs recorded at the live shows were released that year, "Adiós Sui Generis" (""Goodbye Sui Generis"") volumes I and II.


title: Charly García

text: In 1976, Sui Generis also recorded a long player with Argentine musicians León Gieco, Raúl Porchetto, and María Rosa Yorio. The LP was called "Porsuigieco" (mix of Raúl PORchetto, SUI Generis, León GIECO).


title: Charly García

text: After Sui Generis, certain things changed in Charly's life. From now on, he would be "Charly" instead of "Charlie". Right after his son's birth, he broke up with María Rosa Yorio, who left with Nito Mestre. Charly met Marisa Pederneiras (nicknamed "Zoca"), who was from Brazil, and they became lovers.


title: Charly García

text: Charly continued working on musical projects. He now wanted to form a symphonic rock band. With Gustavo Bazterrica (guitar), Carlos Cutaia (keyboards), José Luis Fernández (bass guitar and cello), Oscar Moro (drums) and Charly García (keyboards and voice), "La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros" ("The bird-making machine") was born. "Clarín", the most widely read newspaper in Argentina, carried a comic strip called "El Sr. García y la máquina de hacer pájaros" ("Mr. García and the bird making machine") by Crist. Liking the name, Charly chose it for the band – not for egotistical motives, as it may seem.


title: Charly García

text: La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros recorded two albums: "La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros" (1976) and "Películas" ("Movies", 1977). Some of the songs on "Movies" contained a political message directed against the country's last civil-military dictartoship (1976–1983), at a time when its dictator Jorge Rafael Videla was the leading figure of the military junta; and censorship, political repression, torture and murder as well as disappearances reached new heights, and the military government ruled by spreading State-sponsored terrorism. Perhaps as a result of the ambitious and complicated nature of its musical project, La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros did not achieve popularity.


title: Charly García

text: Finally, in that same year (1977), the band played its farewell concert during the "Festival del amor" ("Festival of Love"), which was recorded and released three years later on the LP "Música del alma" ("Music From The Soul"). After the concert Charly went to a hotel with Zoca, where together they made the decision to escape to São Paulo, Brazil.


title: Charly García

text: In São Paulo, Charly met Zoca's parents. The Pederneiras being a family of artists, they were fascinated with Charly. Artistically speaking, García was influenced by certain Brazilian artists, notably Milton Nascimento. Despite Sui Generis' commercial successes, Charly was destitute. In 1978, he lived a nature-centered lifestyle with Zoca in Brazil, fishing and gathering fruit. Soon David Lebón, an Argentine musician and a friend of Sui Generis, joined them. Having a new musical partner, Charly again played, and the seed of a new musical project was planted. Charly was now determined to form a new band, but he was still broke. Making his way back to Buenos Aires, he began a new search for bandmates.


title: Charly García

text: Charly needed a bass player and a drummer, and he found both when he saw a band called Pastoral play. There he recruited a talented 19-year-old bass player, Pedro Aznar, as well his old partner from La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, drummer Oscar Moro. The new band comprised Charly García on keyboards, guitar and voice, David Lebón on guitar, percussion and voice, Pedro Aznar on bass, keyboards and voice, and Oscar Moro on drums. Charly and David were the main songwriters.


title: Charly García

text: Charly now had a complete band, but still lacked money. At this point Charly signed a contract with a production group, although the terms of this deal were not advantageous to Charly. He did raise enough money to return to São Paulo with his new bandmates and record their first album. The band chose the name Serú Girán. "Serú Girán" was a combination of meaningless words Charly had invented as part of an eponymous nonsense song he wrote in São Paulo. The other band members liked the name so much that they also called their first album "Serú Girán", featuring the song "Serú Girán".


title: Charly García

text: The band returned to Buenos Aires with great expectations for García's new project. Their first show, in the traditional Arena Obras Sanitarias, was again advertised as "Charly García... and Serú Girán", due to contractual reasons. Thereafter, however, the name "Charly García" would no longer appear in the advertising – the band would simply go by Serú Girán. That first show was poorly received, the public having expected a new incarnation of Sui Generis. Serú Girán was completely different. The band had a new sound in which Aznar's fretless bass guitar was a key component, and a striking aesthetic with lyrics full of poetry. Puzzled audiences requested Sui Generis' old songs. In 1978, Disco music was fashionable in Argentina. As a joke, Serú Girán played a song called "Disco Shock", angering the public, whose rejection marred the show.


title: Charly García

text: The following day, the "specialized" press called Serú Girán the worst band in Argentina and charged that David Lebón's vocals on their songs sounded "homosexual". The band's relationship with the media was not cordial. One number of a popular Argentine magazine called "Gente" carried a disparaging article titled "Charly García: ¿Ídolo o qué?" ("Idol or what?"). Despite the chilly reception, Serú Girán's members were convinced they had a good project and persisted, organizing more shows. They eventually garnered some acceptance from an audience that warmed up to their style.


title: Charly García

text: Serú Girán carried on during 1979 and evolved markedly. Their new LP was titled "La grasa de las capitales" ("Grease", or "Fat", "of the Capitals") and its cover was a joke directed at the magazine "Gente." The stronger and more direct nature of the lyrics, which criticized the media, including specifically magazines (especially "Gente"), fashionable music, radio and so on almost got them sent to jail. The public, however, gave the album an enthusiastic reception. The band's shows improved progressively, and eventually were performed in larger venues. The "specialized" press changed its tune, and a romance seemed to develop between the people and Serú Girán.


title: Charly García

text: Expectations were high in 1980 for Serú Girán's new long play, which would be called "Bicicleta" ("Bicycle") – a name that Charly had favored for the band (but was panned by the other members). The band sounded more mature on this record. The music was modern and strong, a key feature being the melodies. The role of the bass guitar was again central, and Pedro Aznar's work became more prominent.


title: Charly García

text: In 1979, Charly almost went to jail because of the band's lyrics, considered too clear and direct in some quarters. Even as the music's political message became stronger, it was concealed in an effort to avoid censorship and another close call with the authorities. But the message remained, ready to be heard by ears that wanted to hear it. "Canción de Alicia en el país" ("Song of Alice in the (Wonder) Land") drew an uncanny analogy between Lewis Carroll's story and the Argentine military government. "Encuentro con el diablo" ("Meeting with the Devil") is a reference to the band's meeting with Albano Harguindeguy, who was frequently referred to, behind his back, as the "Devil". A military man, he was Security Minister during those years. He gave talks to some artists, ordering them to tone down their work or leave the country – a policy that led many artists to leave Argentina at that time.


title: Charly García

text: Eventually, the band was very commercially successful. Serú Girán was dubbed "The Argentine Beatles", and Charly began to receive recognition as a great artist. Serú Girán was the first popular rock band that drew a following from among both the rich and the poor; rock was no longer circumscribed to its historically marginal position. In a recent interview, David Lebón said, "Actually we were much more like Procol Harum than the Beatles, a legendary band: a rock "viola" (slang for guitar) player (Lebón), a classical pianist (García) an infernal percussionist (Moro) and a virtuoso bass player (Aznar)".


title: Charly García

text: Luis Alberto Spinetta was another Argentine rock star of the time. His first band, Almendra, was one of the first in Argentine rock, getting its start before Sui Generis; now he had a band called Spinetta Jade. Perhaps because his style was darker, more complicated, and found harder to understand by many, he was a less popular star than Charly, and they were portrayed as enemies. Luis and Charly put that myth to bed on September 13, 1980, as their bands, Serú Girán and Spinetta Jade, played together.


title: Charly García

text: Patricia Perea, a journalist who worked for a magazine called "El Expreso Imaginario" ("Imaginary Express"), was not among the fans of Serú Girán. The magazine disliked them and criticized them strongly after they played in Córdoba, Perea's hometown. Serú Girán took revenge on Ms. Perea through their fourth LP: "Peperina", directed at her, featuring a song about her which was also called "Peperina". In Córdoba Province, the traditional Argentine infusion yerba mate is mixed with the herb "menta peperina" ("Bystropogon mollis", similar to peppermint), which is also used as a tea.


title: Charly García

text: One of the songs on "Peperina" is titled "Llorando en el espejo" ("Crying in the mirror"), and contains a phrase that says "La línea blanca se terminó/no hay señales en tus ojos y estoy/llorando en el espejo..." ("The white line is up, /(there are) no signs in your eyes and I'm/crying in the mirror..."). With its sad melody, the tears, the mirror, and that "white line", the song seems to portray cocaine addiction. At the time, these lyrics did not draw much attention.


title: Charly García

text: "Peperina" carried a political message. The song "José Mercado" ("Market Joe") was a clear reference to José Martínez de Hoz, the minister of economy. The lyrics "José Mercado compra todo importado (...) / José es licenciado en economía, pasa la vida comprando porquerías" (which translate as "Market Joe only buys imported stuff (...) Joe has a degree in economics, spends his life buying garbage") referred to Argentina's policy of economic liberalism, with its profusion of imported (and often low-quality) products.


title: Charly García

text: 1981 may have been the best year for the band in terms of live performances. In 2000, a Serú Girán fan found some tape recordings of a December 1981 show at the Teatro Coliseo and took them to Serú Girán drummer Oscar Moro, who "cleaned" them for the CD "Yo no quiero volverme tan loco" ("I don't want to go that crazy") published in 2000.


title: Charly García

text: In early 1982, Pedro Aznar left the band to study at Boston's Berklee College of Music. (It is a very common mistake to assume that Aznar left Serú for Pat Metheny's band, one of his favorite musicians. Aznar joined Metheny's group just one full year later, in 1983). In March 1982, Serú returned to Obras Sanitarias to say goodbye to Pedro and put on a highly successful show which was recorded, and released that year as "No llores por mí, Argentina" ("Don't cry for me, Argentina"). With the loss of Aznar, the band initially considered the idea of having David Lebón play both guitar and bass. But Lebón and Charly had some differences chalked up to "musical taste", and without Pedro Aznar things were not the same. Moreover, both were mature enough to begin their own careers and that was the end of Serú Girán, until the group reunited between 1992 and 1993 for a series of live concerts and a studio album.


title: Charly García

text: In 1982, Argentina was undergoing political change. After the Falklands War () in June, social chaos erupted and the military government lost part of its power.


title: Charly García

text: Charly García debuted as a soloist with a double LP, "Pubis Angelical" ("Angelical Pubis"), which was the eponymous movie's soundtrack, and the powerful "Yendo de la cama al living" ("Going from the bed to the living room"). Four hit songs from this album left their historical mark:


title: Charly García

text: The LP's presentation took place in December at the Ferrocarril Oeste Stadium (or Ferro). As the song "No bombardeen Buenos Aires" drew to a close near the end of the show, backdrop props simulating Buenos Aires were destroyed with fireworks.


title: Charly García

text: In 1983, Charly left Buenos Aires with a small suitcase. When he came back to Buenos Aires from New York, he brought a quality LP titled "Clics modernos" ("Modern Clicks") that was different from anything previously done in Argentine rock – it was highly singable rock music you could also dance to. Its strong message referred the past years: Exodus in "Plateado sobre plateado (huellas en el mar)" ("Silver on Silver, Footprints on the Sea"), repression in "Nos siguen pegando abajo" ("They keep hitting us down there"), "No me dejan salir" ("They won't let me out") and "Los dinosaurios" ("The Dinosaurs"), a nostalgic but defiant remembrance of those who were kidnapped or killed.


title: Charly García

text: On December 10, the course of Argentine history took a turn as the government became a democracy. Charly performed many well-received shows in 1984, and recorded another album during its last months. García also recorded an LP called "Terapia intensiva" ("Intensive care"), another movie soundtrack. "Piano Bar" was released in 1984, completing García's golden trilogy.


title: Charly García

text: During these years, García's band was home to many future Argentine music stars, including Andrés Calamaro, Fito Páez, Pablo Guyot, Willy Iturri, Alfredo Toth and Fabiana Cantilo.


title: Charly García

text: After the success of "Piano Bar", which was García's consecration as a soloist, 1985 was a year to slow down. Charly met again with Pedro Aznar in New York by chance, but they took advantage of this meeting and recorded "Tango". The disc had some interesting material, but it did not achieve commercial success primarily due to limited distribution.


title: Charly García

text: In 1987, García came back with "Parte de la Religión" ("Part of the Religion"), a very interesting LP. Many songs from that LP became hits. Two of them, "No voy en tren" ("I don't take the train") and "Necesito tu amor" ("I need your love") are the perfect symbol of García's dichotomies: the first one says "" ("I don't need anybody around me"), and the second one says "" ("I need your love/your love saves me and is useful to me"). This LP is also featured a song, "Rezo por vos" ("I pray for you"), which was part of a project with Luis Alberto Spinetta that was never finished.


title: Charly García

text: In 1988, Charly made his acting debut at the age of 36, playing a nurse in the movie "Lo que vendrá" ("What is to come"), the soundtrack of which he also composed. Being a nurse had long been one of García's obsessions. Later that year, the Amnesty International festival wrapped up in Buenos Aires. Starring international and local rock stars, Peter Gabriel, Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Charly García and León Gieco were there.


title: Charly García

text: In 1989, Puerto Rican pop star Wilkins invited Charly to record his classic "Yo No Quiero Volverme Tan Loco", alongside Ilan Chester, from Venezuela, as a tribute to "Rock en Español"; the song was featured in Wilkins' "L.A-N.Y." album.


title: Charly García

text: Later that year, Charly released a new album, "Cómo conseguir chicas" ("How to get girls"). This would probably be his last "normal" album. He described it as "Just a bunch of songs that were never published for different reasons".


title: Charly García

text: Charly's father had long ago told him, "Never write an anagram for someone if you don't want him or her to be pissed off". During the Serú Girán years, his friend David Lebón told him something similar: "Do not write a song for a woman if you love her, because she'll leave you". The LP includes a song titled "Shisyastawuman" (a deliberately direct transliteration of "She's just a woman"), the first song García recorded in English that was written to a woman. The woman left him after hearing the song, just like Lebón had warned. A song named "Zocacola" that Charly dedicated to Zoca was included in this LP as well. A couple of months after the disc was released, Zoca left him.


title: Charly García

text: García had changed. Physically, he looked older. His music was dark, and the earlier symphonical García from La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros was gone. Now, Charly's sound was closer to either punk rock, with violent songs such as "No toquen" ("Do Not Touch"), or a depressive and dark style as shown in "No me verás en el subte" ("You Won't See Me in the Subway"). Different and adverse times lay ahead.


title: Charly García

text: For the international tour in 1989/1990, García formed a new band with Hilda Lizarazu, who sang backup vocals for Charly.


title: Charly García

text: In 1990, Charly had many ideas but no band. Another important member of the band, Fabián "Zorrito" Von Quintiero, had left to join another band, Los Ratones Paranoicos (The Paranoid Mice). Hilda Lizarazu and Carlos García López started a band called Man Ray. Charly was now alone. For his new disc, "Filosofía barata y zapatos de goma" ("Cheap Philosophy and Rubber Shoes"), he called many of his old friends, who helped record most of the songs. Assisting him, among others, were Andrés Calamaro, Rinaldo Rafanelli, Fabiana Cantilo, "Nito" Mestre, Pedro Aznar, Fabián Von Quintiero and even Hilda Lizarazu. The first issue came once the disc was released. Its last song was a rock version of the "Himno Nacional Argentino", or the Argentine national anthem. Amid controversy, García's version of the national anthem was forbidden for some days, but García was victorious, a judge authorizing the song.


title: Charly García

text: That year, the Government of Buenos Aires organized Mi Buenos Aires Rock (My B.A. rock), a public rock festival on Avenue 9 de Julio, the city's most famous avenue. Every act was scheduled to play 30 minutes, but Charly played for over two hours. He closed the festival playing his version of the national anthem to one hundred thousand people.


title: Charly García

text: In December 1992, Charly again embraced his past and surprisingly re-joined Serú Girán. Charly García, David Lebón, Pedro Aznar and Oscar Moro were back after ten years. A new album was recorded, titled "Serú 92". It enjoyed great commercial success, but musically was sharply different from Serú Girán's other discs.


title: Charly García

text: Serú Girán performed two blockbuster shows at the Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, the largest in Argentina. Serú Girán had always been at its best when live, the four members playing very well together. This time, in Moro's words, "the show sounded like Charly García and Serú Girán".


title: Charly García

text: After not having released any new solo material since 1990, in 1994 García was ready to strike back. The new project was called "La hija de "La Lágrima"" ("The Tear's Daughter"). This LP would be an introduction to the future concept of "Say No More".


title: Charly García

text: Also during 1994, the Soccer World Cup was being played in the United States. Soccer player legend Diego Armando Maradona was involved in a dispute with FIFA regarding a drug test for ephedrine doping, which he failed, preventing him from playing. After Diego was sent home, Argentina lost two important matches and was knocked out of the World Cup. When the last match was about to end, Charly called Diego on his cell phone and sang to him "live" the "Maradona's Blues", a song he composed for him. Diego cried when he heard "Un accidente no es pecado/y no es pecado estar así" ("An accident is not a sin/And is not a sin to be like this"), and the two struck up a friendship.


title: Charly García

text: 1995 was again a musical year. García formed a new band for touring on summertime (with María Gabriela Epumer, Juan Bellia, Fabián Von Quintiero, Jorge Suárez and Fernando Samalea) and named it as "Casandra Lange". His idea with the band was to play songs Charly had heard as a teen, such as "Sympathy for the Devil" (Mick Jagger–Keith Richards) and "There's a Place" (John Lennon–Paul McCartney). He recorded the performances and edit a live album, "Estaba en llamas cuando me acosté" ("I was on fire when went to bed"). All of the songs in this album are in English except for "Te recuerdo invierno" ("I remember you, winter"), which García had written in the early 1970s but never recorded with Sui Generis. In May, Charly recorded "Hello! MTV Unplugged", which is often considered by music critics as the last time that the rock star played his music to his full potential.


title: Charly García

text: "Say No More" arrived in 1996. "Say No More" was a new concept for García: "'Say No More' would be in music what painting directly on the canvas would be for a painter", he explained. He also said that the LP "will only be understood in 20 years". Today the album is considered García's masterpiece, and "Say no more" the classic slogan identifying Charly García and all his music.


title: Charly García

text: During 1997, García recorded "Alta Fidelidad" ("High Fidelity") with Mercedes Sosa. Both had known each other since his childhood, so they decided to publish a collaborative work on which Mercedes would sing her favorite García songs of all time.


title: Charly García

text: In 1998, "El aguante" ("Holding On") was released. This production featured many covers translated to Spanish by García, like "Tin Soldier" (Small Faces), or "Roll over Beethoven" (Chuck Berry). A significant song which was not included was "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Procol Harum, a band that Charly has admittedly always admired.


title: Charly García

text: In February 1999, García performed at the closing of the free public-rock festival "Buenos Aires Vivo III" (BA Live III). There he played a huge concert for 250.000 fans who attended one of the biggest concerts in Argentina up to that date. In July 1999, Charly agreed to give a private performance on Quinta de Olivos (the Argentine Presidential residence), at the request of the president, Carlos Saúl Menem. On a televised bit of this event he was seen in good spirits, carrying out antics such as playing with the security cameras, or trying to teach the president how to play the piano. A limited edition of a disc memorializing the famous concert, "Charly & Charly", was released that year. Since its release, "Charly & Charly" has been out of print, and is currently available only in bootleg copies on Internet sites.


title: Charly García

text: In 2000, Charly and Nito Mestre decided to bring Sui Generis back to life. For the special occasion, they both composed the songs for a new LP, "Sinfonías para adolescentes" ("Symphonies for Adolescents"). This new period would be marked by García's new "sound concept" of Maravillización or "Making something marvellous", replacing the old dark "Say no more" style.


title: Charly García

text: Finally Sui Generis played again in the Boca Juniors's Stadium, for 25,000 fans on December 7, 2000. Charly played for almost four hours.


title: Charly García

text: Many journalists criticized this return, stating that the main cause for it was the money and that both members of the band had changed so much, that the new album and show had nothing to do with the "real" Sui Generis.


title: Charly García

text: During 2001, "¡Si! Detrás de las paredes" ("B [the musical note]! Behind the Walls") was edited as the second and last Sui Generis's LP in this new era. It was a mash up between live versions of the Boca Juniors's concert, new songs (as "Telepáticamente") and some versions of old songs. (such as "Rasguña Las Piedras", featuring Gustavo Cerati, former leader of Soda Stereo). Besides on October 23, 2001, Charly reached age 50. For the occasion, a special concert in the Colliseum Theater was organized.


title: Charly García

text: After this interruption in his solo Career, Charly got back to the spotlight after releasing "Influencia" ("Influence") in 2002. This new disc contained some interesting songs that made an impact in the Latin American world of Rock, such as "Tu Vicio" ("Your Vice"), "Influencia" ("Influence", translated cover from Todd Rundgren's original "Influenza") and "I'm Not In Love" (featuring Tony Sheridan). Even though it included old songs as "Happy And Real" (from "Tango IV", 1991) or "Uno A Uno" ("One to one", from "El Aguante", 1998) and different versions of the same songs, this was probably García's best album since 1994.


title: Charly García

text: Live concerts of "Influencia" were probably Charly's best in a long, long time. With the strong support of María Gabriela Epumer in chorus and guitar, Charly showed up in many different concerts, such as two in the Luna Park Stadium, Viña del Mar and Cosquín Rock with correct performances.


title: Charly García

text: Finally in October 2003, Charly released "Rock and Roll, Yo" ("Rock and Roll, Me"), dedicated to María Gabriela. The songs weren't as good as those in "Influencia", his voice often sounds out of tune and, once again the LP contained too many versions and translated covers such as "Linda Bailarina" ("Pretty Ballerina", Michael Brown) or "Wonder" ("Love´S in Need of Love Today" by Stevie Wonder).


title: Charly García

text: In 2004 García achieved one of his most remarkable and positive landmarks of that era: he played for the second time in Casa Rosada, the Argentine Government Palace. This event took place during the presidency of Néstor Kirchner. On April 30, 2007, Charly performed in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires at the invitation of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Human Rights' Organization, commemorating their 30th Anniversary. Also around that time García routinely performed throughout Argentina and South America.


title: Charly García

text: On June 14, 2008, the "Clarín" newspaper reported that Charly García was taken to a hospital in the city of Mendoza due to a violent episode in which the musician thrashed a hotel room in Mendoza. Sources related the incident to an overdose of drugs and alcohol. After the incident García's friend, the singer and former politician Palito Ortega, took Charly to his country estate in Buenos Aires Province, where Ortega helped him to begin a treatment with several doctors and psychiatrists to cure his addiction. The recovery process took almost an entire year.


title: Charly García

text: After a year-long recovery living in Ortega's estate, a cured and stable Charly came back in August 2009 with a new song called "Deberías Saber Por qué" (You Should Know Why). The song became a hit and soon Charly embarked on a large tour through Chile and Perú to promote his return. On October 23 García celebrated his 58th birthday with a concert in Velez Sarfield's Stadium, Argentina. This concert has been referred to as "The Underwater Concert" because of the heavy rain that fell that night.


title: Charly García

text: In October 2011, Charly was the last guest on Susana Giménez' TV show's final episode. While appearing on the show, he performed the song "Desarma y Sangra", originally from his band Serú Girán.


title: Charly García

text: In September 2013, Charly performed in an exclusive show called "Líneas Paralelas, Artificio imposible" (Parallel Lines, Impossible Craft) at Teatro Colón, along with two string quartets (baptized "Kashmir Orchestra" in homage to the band Led Zeppelin) and his bandmates "The Prostitution". At the venue, they made classical arrangements to Charly's own songs under his own musical direction. Charly then traveled to Mendoza City to present various compositions made across his life, specially the ones he created since the 2000s.


title: Charly García

text: In 2016 Charly had several health problems and appeared to walk in and out of clinics and medical controls. On February 24, 2017, after months of speculation about Charly's health, he surprisingly announced the release of his new studio album, "Random", his first studio album in seven years, which is entirely made of new original compositions. Since its release, the album has received mostly positive reviews and important record sales.


title: Charly García

text: On April 19, 2017, Charly accused Bruno Mars and Mark Ronson of plagiarism, stating that their song "Uptown Funk" stole the initial chords and riff of his classic song "Fanky", from "Cómo conseguir chicas" (1989).


title: Charly García

text: In October 2021 Argentina's government organized a special event to celebrate Charly García's 70th birthday. In a historic and emotional day, the Kirchner Cultural Centre (CCK) (part of the Ministry of Culture), celebrated García's birthday with live music, a series of talks/lectures and performances. A series of live concerts were held at the CCK, where several of Argentina's most important musicians covered García's classic repertoire. Charly himself made a surprise appearance and performed for the cheering crowd.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: Muhammad Safdar Awan (Punjabi and ; born 19 January 1964) is a Pakistani politician and retired Pakistan Army officer who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2008 to May 2018.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: According to PILDAT, Awan was born on 19 January 1963.<ref name="pildat/dob"></ref> According to the News International and Dawn, he was born on 19 January 1964.<ref name="dawn/6july2018"></ref>


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: Awan married Maryam Nawaz in 1992 while he was serving as captain in Pakistan Army and had been the ADC to Nawaz Sharif during the latter's tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan. After retiring from Pakistan Army as captain he joined the civil services, and was posted as Lahore Model Town assistant commissioner.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: Awan was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency NA-52 (Rawalpindi-III) in by-election held in June 2008.<ref name="thenews/12june2013"></ref> He received 54,917 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q). The seat was vacated by Nisar Ali Khan.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: In 2012, Awan was suspended from PML-N for verbally abusing leaders of PML-N.<ref name="tribune1/29july2012"></ref>


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: Awan was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-21 (Mansehra-cum-Tor Ghar) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 91,013 votes and a candidate of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F).


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: In May 2016, Awan was reported to Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) by Imran Khan for concealing Maryam Nawaz assets. Safdar denied that however was summoned by ECP in June 2016.<ref name="dawn/24may2016"></ref>


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: In June 2018, he was allocated PML-N ticket to contest the 2018 general election from Constituency NA-14 (Mansehra-cum-Torghar).


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: In July 2018, he was sentenced to one-year jail term in Avenfield corruption reference filed by the National Accountability Bureau. As a result, he was disqualified from contesting election for 10 years. The next day, he arrived in Rawalpindi and surrendered to authorities. In September 2018, He was released on bail over Avenfield corruption charges.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: On 19 October 2020, Capt. Safdar was arrested from Karachi hotel for 'violating sanctity of Quaid's mausoleum' and was released on bail the same day.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: In 2012, Awan publicly supported Islamic fundamentalist Mumtaz Qadri who assassinated former Governor of Punjab Salmaan Taseer for speaking against the blasphemy law.


title: Muhammad Safdar Awan

text: He was criticized and arrested after political sloganeering at the tomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The case was later dropped and dismissed by a court in Karachi, where Safdars party PML-N is allies with the party in power, the PPP.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: In electrical engineering, a sinusoid with angle modulation can be decomposed into, or synthesized from, two amplitude-modulated sinusoids that are offset in phase by one-quarter cycle (90 degrees or /2 radians). All three functions have the same center frequency. Such amplitude modulated sinusoids are known as the in-phase and quadrature components.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: In some contexts it is more convenient to refer to only the amplitude modulation ("baseband") itself by those terms.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: In vector analysis, a vector with polar coordinates and Cartesian coordinates can be represented as the sum of orthogonal components: Similarly in trigonometry, the angle sum identity expresses:


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: And in functional analysis, when is a linear function of some variable, such as time, these components are sinusoids, and they are orthogonal functions. A phase-shift of changes the identity to:


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: in which case is the in-phase component. In both conventions is the in-phase amplitude modulation, which explains why some authors refer to it as the actual in-phase component.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: The term "alternating current" applies to a voltage vs. time function that is sinusoidal with a frequency When it is applied to a typical (linear time-invariant) circuit or device, it causes a current that is also sinusoidal. In general there is a constant phase difference, φ, between any two sinusoids. The input sinusoidal voltage is usually defined to have zero phase, meaning that it is arbitrarily chosen as a convenient time reference. So the phase difference is attributed to the current function, e.g.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: In an angle modulation application, with carrier frequency φ is also a time-variant function, giving:


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: When all three terms above are multiplied by an optional amplitude function, the left-hand side of the equality is known as the "amplitude/phase" form, and the right-hand side is the "quadrature-carrier" or "IQ" form. Because of the modulation, the components are no longer completely orthogonal functions. But when and are slowly varying functions compared to the assumption of orthogonality is a common one.


title: In-phase and quadrature components

text: The terms "I-component" and "Q-component" are common ways of referring to the in-phase and quadrature signals. Both signals comprise a high-frequency sinusoid (or "carrier") that is amplitude-modulated by a relatively low-frequency function, usually conveying some sort of information. The two carriers are orthogonal, with "I" lagging "Q" by cycle, or equivalently leading "Q" by cycle. The physical distinction can also be characterized in terms of formula_2:


The 2022 California's 22nd congressional district special election took place on June 7, 2022, with the primary election on April 5, 2022. California's 22nd congressional district became vacant when Republican representative Devin Nunes resigned on January 1, 2022, to become the CEO of the Trump Media & Technology Group.


title: 2022 California's 22nd congressional district special election

text: Governor Gavin Newsom scheduled the special election for June 7, 2022, with the primary election on April 5, 2022. The election was held using a nonpartisan blanket primary, a system where all candidates ran in the same primary, and if no candidate receives a majority of votes, the top-two candidates then advance to the general election. No candidate received a majority in the primary, so Republican Connie Conway and Democrat Lourin Hubbard advanced to the runoff.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Egypt Sherrod is an American radio and television personality, as well as real estate broker. She is best known as host of HGTV's "Flipping Virgins" and its long running show, "Property Virgins". She is also the CEO of the Atlanta-based Egypt Sherrod Real Estate Group.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Egypt Sherrod was born on November 16, 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Growing up in her grandparents' home, she slept in a closet that only fit her bed; as a child she dreamed to one day have a closet that was bigger than her bedroom.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in broadcasting and telecommunications from Temple University. She also studied theater at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She holds the designation of Master Certified Negotiator, Accredited Buyer Representative, Certified Residential Specialist and Certified Distressed Property Expert.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Sherrod began hosting on a jazz station at 18. At 19, she got a job as a radio station music director—the youngest in the country. Growing up with a father and uncle who were real estate brokers, she saw real estate as a way to earn retirement money and as a "fallback" to her career in radio. She bought her first home at 24-years-old. Much of her profits were going to fees for her real estate agents, so she became a licensed agent in 2002. She was also a correspondent on the "Maury" show.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: She was the number one radio personality for New York City’s WBLS 107.5, where she interviewed Prince, Tyler Perry, and Oprah. The program was syndicated in more than 60 cities throughout the US. Her access to celebrities elevated her real estate clientele. Growing tired of "gossip and entertainment reports," she thought about transitioning out of radio. She relates that, while hosting her show, she got a call from a casting director who was exploring Sherrod's interest in hosting a program that would become "Property Virgins." She agreed to audition and secured the role. Four episodes into filming, however, she learned that she was pregnant and, fearing she may lose her job, hid it from the producers. To her delight, it was not an issue. With a child on the way, she considered the challenge of maintaining a work/life balance in New York and, desiring something new, she considered making a change. In March 2012, Sherrod accepted an offer to be the midday host of WVEE V-103 in Atlanta. a city she had frequented as a child when visiting relatives. While there, she conducted interviews with celebrities, including Keith Sweat, Musiq Soulchild, Jazze Pha, The Braxtons and Marsha Ambrosius. The show "Property Virgins" moved to Atlanta to accommodate her, and she began filming on the weekends. However, overwhelmed with the demands of her family life and career, as well as a bout of postpartum depression, she left her job with the radio station.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: She has made recurring appearances as the home buyers/sellers “go-to girl” on NBC's Today Show, CNBC, FOX, CNN, HLN as well as being featured on Fast & Company, Yahoo, Homes.com, Rolling Stone, Black Enterprise, and a host of other publications and digital platforms. She wrote "Keep Calm...It's Just Real Estate: Your No-Stress Guide To Buying A Home,” on Running Press/Perseus Books which became a bestseller in its genre.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: She stars in the 2012 film "Life, Love, Soul". Sherrod has hosted HGTV’s "White House Christmas Special", the Rose Parade, and the HGTV "Urban Oasis" Giveaways. Prior to hosting for HGTV, Sherrod also hosted "Home Delivery" for Tribune's syndicated networks.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Sherrod has been sought out as a speaker and moderator. She hosted the stage at Oprah's "The Life You Want Tour." Sherrod has been invited as a recurring ‘Hot Topics’ guest and lifestyle pundit on programs such as "Dish Nation", "Steve Harvey", "Showbiz Tonight", and "Larry Wilmore Show". Sherrod will host the reunion special of the television soap opera series from the Oprah Winfrey Network, "The Haves and the Have Nots", airing as part of the program's series finale package on July 27, 2021 and August 3, 2021.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Sherrod has also received the Humanitarian Citation from the Borough of New York, State Assembly Citation as a Humanitarian and Community Advocate, as well as the New York City Council Citation for Community Service. She was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for her book "Keep Calm It's Just Real Estate", received the MISSION Award from WEEN (Women In Entertainment Empowerment Network), and was named one of Network Journal's "40 Under 40," and #2 in "Radio and Records"’ "Power Player on the Rise" Top 10 list, 105.1 FM, May 14, 2006, and also received the "Executive to Watch" Award from NABFEME (National Association of Black Female Executives in Music & Entertainment). She was chosen as one of Network Journal's 40 Under 40.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: In 2008, Sherrod founded The Egypt Cares Family Foundation, a non-profit dedicated to financial empowerment and awareness. The “rising stars boot camp” is designed for children aged 8–17 who want to work in radio and television. The "Egypt Cares Give Back Tour" is an annual coat and toy drive, which has garnered proclamations from the Brooklyn President at the time, Marty Markowitz.


title: Egypt Sherrod

text: Sherrod married Mike Jackson, a DJ who goes by Fadelf, on September 11, 2010. Sherrod and Jackson have two daughters together: Kendall (born in January 2012) and Harper (born February 2019). Jackson has a daughter from a previous relationship.


title: Hallie Meyers-Shyer

text: Meyers-Shyer was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of filmmakers Nancy Meyers and Charles Shyer. She has an older sister, Annie. Meyers-Shyer is Jewish. She attended Crossroads School and later enrolled at the University of Southern California to study screenwriting, but transferred to The New School, where she graduated with a degree in literature.


title: Hallie Meyers-Shyer

text: Meyers-Shyer has appeared in six of her parents' films: "Father of the Bride", "I Love Trouble", "Father of the Bride Part II", "The Parent Trap", "What Women Want", and "The Affair of the Necklace". The lead characters in "The Parent Trap" were named after Meyers-Shyer and her sister, Annie Meyers-Shyer.


title: Hallie Meyers-Shyer

text: In 2012, it was announced that Meyers-Shyer's script "The Chelsea" would be made into a film starring Felicity Jones and directed by Nancy Meyers. In 2017, Meyers said her daughter's project ran into casting problems, and Meyers-Shyer "just moved on from it."


title: Hallie Meyers-Shyer

text: In 2017, she made her directorial debut with the romantic comedy film "Home Again". The film starred Reese Witherspoon as a 40-year-old single mother who allows three young aspiring filmmakers (Pico Alexander, Nat Wolff, and Jon Rudnitsky) to live with her in her Los Angeles home. Candice Bergen and Michael Sheen also star in the film. The film was released on September 8, 2017, by Open Road Films, and grossed $37 million worldwide.


title: No Quarter: Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded

text: No Quarter is a live album by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, both formerly of English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was released by Atlantic Records on 14 October 1994. The long-awaited reunion between Jimmy Page and Robert Plant occurred on a 90-minute "UnLedded" MTV project, recorded in Morocco, Wales, and London. It was not a reunion of Led Zeppelin, however, as former bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones was not present. In fact, Jones was not even told about the reunion by his former bandmates. He later commented that he was unhappy about Plant and Page naming the album after "No Quarter", a Led Zeppelin song which was largely his work.


text: In addition to acoustic renditions, the album features a reworking of Led Zeppelin songs featuring a Moroccan string band and Egyptian orchestra supplementing a core group of rock and roll musicians, along with four Middle-Eastern and Moroccan-influenced songs: "City Don't Cry", "Yallah" (or "The Truth Explodes"), "Wonderful One", and "Wah Wah".


text: In July 2014, "Guitar World" placed "No Quarter" on their "Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994" list.


text: For the tenth anniversary, the album was re-released with a different cover and altered track listing. "Thank You" was cut, "City Don't Cry" and "Wonderful One" appeared in substantially edited versions, and "The Rain Song" and "Wah Wah" were added. In addition, "Yallah" was retitled, and several other tracks had minor alterations to their running times. The new running order was as follows:


text: All songs recorded in London except "City Don't Cry", "Wah Wah" and "Yallah" recorded in Morocco; "No Quarter", "Nobody's Fault But Mine" and "When the Levee Breaks" recorded in Wales.


text: The tenth anniversary of the recording of the Unledded concerts was commemorated by a DVD release of additional songs, a bonus interview, a montage of images from Morocco, the band's performance of "Black Dog" for Dick Clark's American Music Awards and the music video for "Most High" from the "Walking into Clarksdale" album. The songs included on the DVD release not included on either CD release were "What Is and What Should Never Be" and "When the Levee Breaks". To compensate for their absence from the Live Aid DVD release, Plant and Page donated a portion of their proceeds to the Band Aid Trust.


text: The songs were recorded in Marrakech, Morocco (spring 1994), on top of a waste tip at Aberllefenni quarries (17 August 1994), and in a forest in Wales; and in front of an invited audience at London Weekend Television studios over two nights in August, 1994 .


title: Spencer Fox

text: Spencer Fox (born May 10, 1993) is an American musician, singer, and former child actor. He is best known as the voice of Dash Parr in the 2004 animated film "The Incredibles", and as the lead guitarist for the indie rock band Charly Bliss, which he co-founded in 2011.


title: Spencer Fox

text: Fox began his career as a child actor, at ten years old. He provided the voice of Dash Parr in "The Incredibles", and again in the Disney on Ice show "Disney Presents Pixar's The Incredibles in a Magic Kingdom Adventure". He also provided the voices of Jim and Tim Possible for the fourth season of "Kim Possible", and he was the voice of Mudbud in the first "Air Buddies" movie.


title: Spencer Fox

text: Fox was signed to the "Woozy Tribe" and has played some one-off shows in the NYC area. As of 2014, Fox is a member of the power pop band Charly Bliss as a vocalist and guitarist.


title: Spencer Fox

text: Fox attended Farragut Middle School in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, and Staples High School in Westport, Connecticut. Fox studied literature at the State University of New York at Purchase. In his spare time, Fox went under the moniker "Slates" and was a solo musician.


title: Trøndelag

text: Trøndelag (; ) is a county in the central part of Norway. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County (); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway, and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of the two counties in 2016.


title: Trøndelag

text: The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim. The administrative centre is Steinkjer, while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions.


title: Trøndelag

text: Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway. A person from Trøndelag is called a "trønder". The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk, is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope.


title: Trøndelag

text: Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business.


title: Trøndelag

text: The Old Norse form of the name was '. The first element is the genitive plural of ' which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is ' (plural of ' which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw, Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg). A parallel name for the same district was ' which means "the homeland (heim) of the '". "Þróndheimr" may be older since the first element has a stem form without umlaut.


title: Trøndelag

text: People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called "fylki". The different "fylki" had a common law, and an early parliament or thing. It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta-peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy.


title: Trøndelag

text: In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade. Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim, bordering the Trondheimsfjord. The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play a very significant political role in Norway up to 1030.


title: Trøndelag

text: Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join the Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg. Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia, as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising the ancient maxim of divide and rule.


title: Trøndelag

text: In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War, General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag and take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed: the defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard. Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life.


title: Trøndelag

text: The county is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality. The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim.


title: Trøndelag

text: The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools, including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus the Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen. The county has ten Folk high schools, with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019.


title: Trøndelag

text: Along the coast in the southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya. The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen, and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros is situated. The highest mountain is the tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen, and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets.


title: Trøndelag

text: There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park, Forollhogna National Park, Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park, Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park.


title: Trøndelag

text: Trøndelag is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded . The first overnight freeze (temperature below in autumn on average is August 24th in Røros, October 9th at Trondheim Airport Værnes, and as late as November 20th at Sula in Frøya. Most of the lowland areas near the fjords have a humid continental climate (or oceanic if -3C is used as winter threshold), while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above . The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above the treeline is alpine tundra.


title: Trøndelag

text: The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim. At Stiklestad in Verdal, the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts the last days of Saint Olaf.


title: Trøndelag

text: Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim at Institutt for musikk (NTNU). Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock".


title: Trøndelag

text: Several institutions are nationally funded, including the internationally acclaimed Trondheim Symphony Orchestra, Trondheim Soloists, Olavsfestdagene and Trondheim Chamber Music Festival.


title: Trøndelag

text: The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew, called heimbrent or heimert. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure homemade spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally the spirit is served mixed with coffee to create a drink called karsk. The strength of the coffee varies, often on a regional basis. The mixing proportions also depend on the strength of the spirit with more coffee being used for spirit with higher alcohol content. In southern regions, people tend to use strong filter coffee, while in the north they typically serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible.


title: Trøndelag

text: The "official dish" of the region is sodd which is made from diced sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. The Norwegian Grey Troender sheep is an endangered breed of domesticated sheep that originated from Trøndelag in the late 19th century. There are currently approximately 50 individual animals remaining and efforts are being made to revive the breed.


title: Hälsingland

text: Hälsingland (), sometimes referred to as Helsingia in English, is a historical province or "landskap" in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland.


title: Hälsingland

text: The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purpose, but are historical and cultural entities. In the case of Hälsingland the province constitutes the northern part of the "län" ('administrative county') Gävleborg County. Minor parts of the province are in Jämtland County and in Västernorrland County.


title: Hälsingland

text: The coat of arms were granted in 1560 in the era of King Gustav Vasa. At that time, Hälsingland was known for its large scale goat breeding, and the arms depicted a standing goat facing heraldic right (blazon: "Sable, a Goat rampant Or attired and hoofed Gules"). This, combined with the arms of Gästrikland, forms the coat of arms for Gävleborg County.


title: Hälsingland

text: The terrain is mostly mountainous and rocky, sloping down towards the coast. The highest elevation in the northern part is 530 meters, and 671 meters in the western part. Approximately 85% of the land area is covered with forest, and the timber industry has historically been the main source of income. Apart from some areas around the river systems, notably around the River Ljusnan, the soil is barren. Large areas consist of rocks and bogs and are unsuitable for agriculture.


title: Hälsingland

text: A notable geological feature is the Dellen lake system, created from flooded meteoric impact craters. It is the only occurrence in Sweden of the volcanic Andesite rock, to which it has given the name dellenite.


title: Hälsingland

text: The earliest mention of the people of Hälsingland may be in the Old English poem "Widsith", from the 9th or 10th century, where a people called the "Hælsings" are referred to. The first definite mention of the people is made by Adam of Bremen around 1070, in reference to the leidang shipping fleet.


title: Hälsingland

text: In the medieval age, the "Helsings" were the Swedish speaking inhabitants of the entire coastal region north of Uppland, a rather imprecise denomination. In the early provincial law of Uppland, the border between northern Uppland and Hälsingland was the forest.


title: Hälsingland

text: In the 13th century a large number of people emigrated from Hälsingland to the southern coasts of Finland, then called Österland. They named places after Hälsingland, most notably the river Helsingeå and its first rapids Helsingfors. In 1550 the latter gave name to a new town founded next to it by King Gustav Vasa. In 1812 the city of Helsinki became capital of Finland.


title: Hälsingland

text: The oldest city in Hälsingland is Hudiksvall, chartered in 1582. After that, Söderhamn was chartered in 1620. In 1942 Hälsingland was granted its third city, Bollnäs, which was to become the last city (in Hälsingland) as city status in Sweden was abolished in 1971.


title: Hälsingland

text: The town of Hudiksvall, one of the oldest in Norrland, was ransacked by Russian troops in 1721. Hälsinge Regiment was the provincial regiment.


title: Hälsingland

text: Hälsingland is part of the Gävleborg constituency for national elections. This list covers the six municipalities that have their seats in Hälsingland, since the municipal reform before the 1973 election. Historically, the area has been dominated by the Social Democrats. This has especially been the case in the heavily industrialized Söderhamn Municipality where the area around Ljusne regularly recorded nearly 90 % of the vote left of centre. This meant that the southeast part of the province was the most left-wing in the country until Ljusne got surpassed by Fredriksberg in Ludvika Municipality, Dalarna, in the 1990s. The municipalities of Bollnäs and Hudiksvall leaned left also in the past. That trend strengthened from the 1980s onwards after the decline of the Centre Party nationwide with the Moderate Party never gaining a strong foothold in the province. With the number of residents decreasing while Sweden's population grew simultaneously, the popular vote share of Hälsingland fell from 1.8 % in 1976 to just 1.3 % in 2018. The list below excludes the small area of the province located in Jämtland County around Ytterhogdal.


title: Hälsingland

text: The local dialect is known as "Hälsingemål" or "Hälsingska" but has no official linguistic recognition.


title: Hälsingland

text: The magnificent Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland—"Hälsingegårdar"—are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Two or even three storeys high, the farmhouses are built to show wealth and independence, and much inventiveness has gone into decorating their interiors, which combine aristocratic fashions with traditional materials and techniques.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: Infinite Challenge (; abbreviated as "Mudo") is a South Korean television entertainment program, distributed and syndicated by MBC, that ran from 2005 to 2018.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: As of January 2013, it had the largest market share for its timeslot; with between 13 and 17 percent of Korean television viewers watching "Infinite Challenge" every Saturday night. making it the most-watched free-to-air television program on Saturday evenings, and the most viewed non-drama program in South Korea every week (excluding special sporting events, since November 2006, with the exception of January 2009, April and May 2010).


title: Infinite Challenge

text: "Infinite Challenge" has kept the same scheduled time, since first airing in 2005. Since 2009, it lasts for roughly 75 minutes, excluding ten minutes of advertising. Episodes are also frequently rerun on several Korean cable broadcasting channels. Since February 19, 2011 (episode 237), the program has been aired in high-definition. "Infinite Challenge" has been called "the nation's variety show" and "Korea's real first variety" for having been successful for over ten years.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: In March 2018, it was announced that, following the departure of lead producer Kim Tae-ho, all current members have stepped down from the show, bringing the program to an end. The last episode was aired on March 31, 2018, but the program continued for 3 more weeks with a recap special looking back at the program over the years.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: "Infinite Challenge" is recognized as the first "Real-Variety" show in Korean television history. The program is largely unscripted, filmed in almost-secrecy and followed a similar format of challenge-based reality television programs. The challenges are often absurd or impossible to achieve, so the program takes on the satirical comedy aspect of a variety show rather than a standard reality or competition program. In earlier episodes, the show's six hosts and staff would continuously proclaim that, in order to achieve its comedic purposes, the program had to be "3-D": Dirty, Dangerous, and Difficult. It gives people fun to try things that seem impossible.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: Some of the segments of "Infinite Challenge" also grew and become a national event where it also actively involved the audiences as well.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: The title of Season 1 was "Rash Challenge" (무모한 도전). Led by Yoo Jae-suk, six or more Korean entertainers (with Noh Hong-chul and Jeong Hyeong-don as a regular members) tried to complete a 'sporting' mission in an outdoor studio, which was based on a viewer's suggestion submitted through the show's homepage. Some of the absurd challenges included racing in a foot-powered swan-shaped paddle boat against a motor boat, playing a tennis match against Maria Sharapova, appearing live on stage at a public fashion show, and playing football against Thierry Henry. A large part of the humor comes from the fact that the cast is generally not well-suited to the challenges they attempt. This program can be compared to the filmed-in-studio Wetten, dass..? of Germany, as the program mainly focuses on the process and progress of the challenges, rather than focusing on the accomplishment of a mission. This format lasted only from April 23, 2005, to October 22, 2005. Despite having a strong following, its average ratings were very low (roughly 5 percent). Due to its sports-related theme, reruns of Season 1 and sports-related episodes of Season 4 (i.e. WM7) episodes are frequently aired on MBC Sportsplus, MBC's satellite and cable network for sports-casting.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: From October 29, 2005, to April 30, 2006, Season 2 was titled "Excessive Challenge" (무리한 도전). For the first few episodes, the program was fairly similar to the first season. However, because the cast members wanted to redefine their characters, they decided to change the whole program concept, calling it "Infinite Challenge - Master of Quiz" in the third season. Since then, six hosts (with Yoo Jae-suk as 'host-in-chief') played a Korean-letter game called 'Ah-ha' (see below); competed in their knowledge and mental power; participated in on-line popularity polls about specific themes; and explored other comic features. Although the average ratings were low, the unity and dynamics of the members significantly improved. A panelist from Season 1, Park Myeong-su, came back as a co-host, and Haha and Jeong Jun-ha also became co-hosts of the program.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: On May 6, 2006, the fourth and final season (format) of the program that now simply known as "Infinite Challenge" (무한도전), went on air. Special coverage of 2006 World Cup Germany was featured for the entire month of June 2006, along with some 'Ah-ha' specials (with Shinhwa, for example) at the beginning of each episode. However, on July 8, 2006, the program took its memorable first step as the first 'Real-Variety' television program in Korean television history, with the airing of a segment called 'Please, come early': The six members were asked to come to the recording session on time or experience some form of punishment (일찍 와주길 바래, a part of the 'Please, be...' series see below), combining elements of both Reality TV and Variety programming, including comic characters from each of the "Infinite Challenge" members, see 'hosts'). Thereafter, the program has created challenges with regard to anything related to real life (excluding some critical issues such as religions and sexual preferences), in outdoor studios, with little use of acting or heavily based plotting. Since December 2, 2006, the program has received the highest ratings of prime-time lineups for Saturday evening.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: In January 2012, the program took a 6-month hiatus due to a labor strike conducted by MBC's reporters and producers. During this period, new episodes were not produced and MBC, instead, aired reruns of previous episodes. In November 2015, Infinite Challenge arranged special exhibition and expo titled "Infinite Challenge Expo", in KINTEX. The program took a 7-week hiatus from broadcast in early 2017, which Kim Tae-ho, the main PD, signified as a period to normalize the production process which has been shortened considerably where the production team had less time and always rushed to meet the deadline. The PD also reveals that the program still continues their regular shooting schedules while being off the air.


title: Infinite Challenge

text: The program took another 10-week hiatus from September 9, 2017, due to a labor strike by MBC's reporters and producers. During the strike, new episodes were not aired and reruns of previous episodes were broadcast. The strike ended on November 13, and "Infinite Challenge" returned to regular broadcasting on November 25. In March 2018, the program came to an end marked by the departure of Kim Tae-ho, the lead producer, which was followed by the members. However, after the last episode was aired, the program returned for 3 more weeks where it aired recap specials that pays tribute to the achievements of the program called "13 Years of Saturdays".


title: Infinite Challenge

text: Numerous Korean celebrities have appeared on the show due to its popularity. Many of the guests have some relationships with the co-hosts of the show, including:


title: Infinite Challenge

text: It has been alleged that the show was copied without permission by a Chinese variety program called "Go Fighting".


title: Infinite Challenge

text: According to production company MBC: "Currently in China, multiple broadcasting and production companies are saying they are personally producing 'Infinite Challenge' or a similar program, causing a disturbance in the market and damaging MBC Contents' image. From hereon, excepting the broadcasting of 'Infinite Challenge' on CCTV1, we will take firm legal action against any behavior that has nothing to do with MBC while making people confused and misunderstand [that program] as MBC's 'Infinite Challenge."


title: Prem (film director)

text: Kiran Kumar (born 22 October 1976), known by his screen name Prem, is an Indian film director in Kannada cinema.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Prem was born as Kiran Kumar on 22 October 1976 in Maddur, in the Mandya district of the Indian state of Karnataka, to Rajappa and Bhagyamma. He is married to actress-turned-producer Rakshita and they have a son named Surya.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Prem started his career as assistant director on the film "Nishkarsha" (1993), working with Sunil Kumar Desai, while he was pursuing his pre-university course. Upon completion of the film, he returned to his hometown Mandya to complete the course before returning to Bangalore. He proceeded to work as an associate director with G. K. Mudduraj on "Rayara Maga" (1994) and "Kannamuchchale"; Dorai–Bhagavan; and with A. R. Babu on "Hello Yama". Producer Anand Balaraju offered him an opportunity to direct his first film "Kariya" (2003) independently.


title: Prem (film director)

text: "Kariya" was a gangster romance film starring Darshan in the lead. The film was critically acclaimed and appreciated by the audience. Prem was lauded for his casting of real life big dons to act in his movie. The soundtrack and cinematography were also widely appreciated. Darshan played a gangster struggling to express his love. The same year, Prem directed the light-hearted romantic film "Excuse Me" with Ajay Rao, Sunil Raoh and Ramya in the lead roles. The film turned out to be a musical hit with many of its songs composed by R. P. Patnaik becoming chart busters.


title: Prem (film director)

text: In 2005, Prem came out with his biggest blockbuster film, "Jogi", starring Shivarajkumar, Jennifer Kotwal and Arundhati Nag in the lead roles. The film made record collections at the box-office. The mother-son sentiment theme was widely applauded and was considered as Shivarajkumar's biggest comeback film.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Following three back-to-back super hit films, Prem tried his hand at acting besides directing the film "Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide" in 2008. The film's pre-release promotions received much media attention and expectations of the film were high. Bollywood actress Mallika Sherawat made her debut in South Indian films with a special appearance. The film was widely popular for its melodious sound tracks.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Prem next directed the film "Raaj the Showman" in 2010. It starred Puneeth Rajkumar and Priyanka Kothari. It is remembered mostly for its soundtrack by V. Harikrishna and cinematography. The movie was an average grosser at the box office despite the presence of the heavyweights Puneeth Rajkumar and V. Harikrishna.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Prem, for the first time without himself directing, accepted the lead role in the controversial film titled "Prem Adda", a remake of the Tamil blockbuster hit "Subramaniapuram" with music by V.Harikrishna directed by Mahesh Babu. The film made an average collection in box office. Under his production house Premdreams he produced and acted in the movie "DK" in 2014.


title: Prem (film director)

text: Prem's next project, "Ek Love Ya", is currently being filmed. The movie stars debutante Raanna and is produced by Rakshita Prem.


title: Boruto: Naruto Next Generations (episodes 209–260)

text: "Boruto" follows the exploits of Naruto Uzumaki's son Boruto and his comrades from the Hidden Leaf Village's ninja academy while finding a path to follow once they grow up. Despite being based on the manga, the anime explores original storylines and adaptations of the spin-off manga, ""; ""; as well as the "Naruto Shinden" light novel series.


text: It premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2017 and aired every Wednesday at 5:55 PM JST. Starting May 3, 2018 (episode 56) it aired every Thursday at 7:25 PM JST. Starting October 7, 2018 (episode 76) it now airs every Sunday at 5:30 PM JST. The series is also being released in DVDs. Viz Media licensed the series on March 23, 2017 to simulcast it on Hulu, and on Crunchyroll.


text: The opening theme songs are "Gamushara" by CHiCO with HoneyWorks (episodes 206–230), "GOLD" by FLOW (episodes 231–255), and "Kirarirari" by KANA-BOON (episodes 256–281).


text: The ending theme songs are "Who are you?" by PELICAN FANCLUB (episodes 206–218), "Prologue" by JO1 (episodes 219–230), "VOLTAGE" by Anly (episodes 231–242), "Twilight Fuzz" by THIS IS JAPAN (episodes 243–255), and "Bibōroku" by Lenny code fiction (episodes 256–268).


title: Sheila MacRae

text: Sheila Margaret MacRae (née Stephens; 24 September 1921 – 6 March 2014) was an English-born American actress, singer, and dancer.


title: Sheila MacRae

text: MacRae appeared in such films as "Caged" (1950), "Backfire" (1950), and "Sex and the Single Girl" (1964). On television, MacRae played herself in an episode of "I Love Lucy", "The Fashion Show", in which she asks Lucy to participate in a Hollywood fashion show organized by Don Loper and featuring actors' wives as models.


title: Sheila MacRae

text: In her first continuing role on television, between 1966 and 1970, MacRae played Alice Kramden on 52 episodes of "The Jackie Gleason Show", taking over the role from Audrey Meadows. She went on to have her own short-lived television series ("The Sheila MacRae Show"), and to play Madelyn Richmond on the long-running soap opera "General Hospital".


title: Sheila MacRae

text: Sheila Margaret Stephens was born in London in 1921, but evacuated with her parents to Long Island, New York in 1939, shortly before the onset of World War II. She finished high school when she was 15.


title: Sheila MacRae

text: She married actor and singer Gordon MacRae in 1941; the couple divorced in 1967. They often appeared on the stage together in musicals such as "Bells Are Ringing" (in a 1964 production), and "Guys and Dolls" (as Miss Adelaide, a character that she took to Broadway in the 1965 revival). They were the parents of two daughters, actresses Heather and Meredith MacRae, and two sons, William Gordon MacRae and Robert Bruce MacRae. One of Sheila's four children, Meredith, predeceased her.


title: Sheila MacRae

text: MacRae, a devout Christian Scientist, died suddenly on 6 March 2014, in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 92, at the Lillian Booth Actor's Home. She had suffered from dementia, but was otherwise in good health and had been hospitalized for a minor surgical procedure, when her death came suddenly from natural causes, said her daughter, Heather. She was soon cremated.


title: Jezreel Valley

text: The Jezreel Valley (from the , translit. "ʿĒmeq Yīzrəʿēʿl"), or Marj Ibn Amir (), also known as the Valley of Megiddo, is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee region, to the south by the Samarian highlands, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.


title: Jezreel Valley

text: The Jezreel Valley takes its name from the ancient city of Jezreel (known in Hebrew as Yizre'el; ; known in Arabic as Zir'ēn, ) which was located on a low hill overlooking the southern edge of the valley. The word "Jezreel" comes from the Hebrew, and means "God sows" or "El sows". The phrase "valley of Jezreel" was sometimes used to refer to the central part of the valley, around the city of Jezreel, while the southwestern portion was known as the "Valley of Megiddo", after the ancient city of Megiddo, which was located there. The area has been known as the Plain of Esdraelon ("Esdraelon" (Ἐσδρηλών) is the Koine Greek rendering of "Jezreel"). The Arabic name Marj ibn Amir () means "Meadows of the son of Amir".


title: Jezreel Valley

text: The valley once acted as the channel by which the Mediterranean Sea, at the north-western end of the valley, connected to the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan Valley and ultimately to the Dead Sea. About two million years ago, as the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan Rift Valley rose, this connection was lost, and the periodic floods from the Mediterranean Sea ceased. This resulted in the Dead Sea no longer having a connection to the ocean, and over time, due to greater evaporation than precipitation plus surface water inflow, it has become heavily saline. The Sea of Galilee, on the other hand, consists of fresh water.


title: Jezreel Valley

text: According to the Hebrew Bible, the valley was the scene of a victory by the Israelites, led by Gideon, against the Midianites, the Amalekites, and "the children of the East" (). It was later the location at which the Israelites, led by King Saul, were defeated by the Philistines (). According to textual scholars, the account of an ancient Philistine victory at Jezreel derives from the "monarchial source", in contrast to the "republican source", which places the Philistine victory against the Israelites at Mount Gilboa (,).


title: Jezreel Valley

text: In Christian eschatology, the part of the valley on which the Battle of Megiddo was fought is believed to be the destined site of the penultimate battle between good and evil (with a later, final battle taking place 1,000 years later around Jerusalem), the place being known as Armageddon, a toponym derived from the Hebrew "Har Megiddo", 'Mount Megiddo'.


title: Jezreel Valley

text: The valley formed an easier route through Israel than crossing the mountains on either side, and so saw a large amount of traffic, and was the site of many historic battles


title: Jezreel Valley

text: Archaeological excavations have indicated near continuous settlement from the Ghassulian culture of the Chalcolithic Age (c. 4500–3300 BCE) to the Ayyubid periods of the 11–13th centuries CE.


title: Jezreel Valley

text: There is a surviving detailed account of the earliest battle for the Jezreel Valley, the 15th-century BC Battle of Megiddo, to prove that it was fought in the valley. Due to the surrounding terrain, Egyptian chariots were only able to travel from Egypt as far as the Jezreel Valley and the valley north of Lake Huleh.