four hundred thirty-seven ( 1.23 % ) hemoglobin abnormalities were found , consisting of 274 cases with thalassemia ( 0.77 % ) and 159 hemoglobinopathies ( 0.45 % ) among which there were 80 cases with sickle-cell trait ( 0.22 % ) , 30 with hemoglobin c ( hb c ) ( 0.08 % ) , 19 with hb d ( 0.05 % ) , 12 with hbj ( 0.03 % ) , 12 with hb e ( 0.03 % ) .
C0039730
thalassemia
C0019045
hemoglobinopathies