to characterize glucose counterregulatory mechanisms in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( niddm ) and to test the hypothesis that the increase in glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia occurs primarily via a paracrine islet a-b cell interaction , we examined the effects of a subcutaneously injected therapeutic dose of insulin ( 0.15 u/kg ) on plasma glucose kinetics , rates of glucose production and utilization , and their relationships to changes in the circulating concentrations of neuroendocrine glucoregulatory factors ( glucagon , epinephrine , norepinephrine , growth hormone , and cortisol ) , as well as to changes in endogenous insulin secretion in 13 nonobese niddm patients with no clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy .
C0014563
epinephrine
C0028351
norepinephrine