we compared the response of the leukemic cells with primary external signals ( interleukin 2 [ il-2 ] or b cell differentiation factors [ bcdf or il-6 ] ) with their response to secondary inducers ( the phorbol ester ( 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [ tpa ] or the calcium ionophore a23187 ) that circumvent the first part of the signal transduction pathway by directly activating the key enzyme protein kinase c .
C0031586
phorbol ester
C0039654
12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate