to determine whether an autonomic nervous system imbalance might underlie the nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with chronic airflow obstruction ( cao ) , we determined fev1 , sinus arrhythmia gap ( sa gap ) , heart rate and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion every 4 h over 24 h .
C0014563
adrenaline
C0028351
noradrenaline