to compare sensitivity of clinical methods ( physical examination , electrocardiogram , and chest radiograph ) to echocardiography in the detection of cor pulmonale , and to determine the role of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in its development , 33 non-hypoxemic patients who had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) were evaluated by clinical methods , echocardiography , and overnight ear oximetry .
C0031809
physical examination
C0220825
evaluated