by themselves , murine colony-stimulating factor-1 ( csf-1 ) and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage csf ( gm-csf ) were stimulators of dna synthesis in quiescent or noncycling bmms , whereas recombinant murine interleukin-3 ( il-3 ) and the phorbol ester , 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) , were weak mitogens .
C0031586
phorbol ester
C0039654
12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate