during resting conditions a cross-over of echo-contrast from the right to the left atrium indicating a right to left shunt was observed in 41/48 ( = 85 % ) of the atrial septal defect cases , including all with and 82 % of those without eisenmenger 's reaction , in 7/19 ( = 37 % ) with patent foramen ovale and in 83 % of all examined patients .
C0018817
atrial septal defect
C0016522
patent foramen ovale