pigeons with bilateral neurotoxic or electrolytic lesions within ventral mesencephalon , in nucleus tegmenti pedunculo pontinus ( tp ) ( equivalent to substantia nigra ) or area ventralis of tsai ( avt ) , were found to have catecholamine ( ca ) depletion in the telencephalon , including the paleostriatum augmentatum ( pa ) and lobus parolfactorius ( lpo ) , avian basal ganglia rich in ca .
C0025462
mesencephalon
C0038590
substantia nigra