the present paper compares the plasma concentrations of papp-a with the levels of two trophoblastic proteins , human placental lactogen ( hpl ) and the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin ( beta-hcg ) , with a steroid of fetoplacental origin , total oestriol ( total e3 ) , and with a fetal protein , alpha-fetoprotein ( afp ) .
C0015965
fetal
C0002210
alpha-fetoprotein