it is noted that `` '' departure potential remains sizable in certain areas of portugal , spain , southern italy , and most particularly , of turkey and yugoslavia . transoceanic migrations have by no means ceased , as new flows of skilled labor have , since 1974 , gone towards arab states endowed with petrol ( oil ) revenues . and yet , the paramount fact is most surely the emergence and the proliferation in greece , spain , and ( especially ) in italy , of basically clandestine ( illegal ) immigration . this movement is due to the convergence of several factors : economic and demographic disparities between northern and southern shores of the mediterranean sea , the sealing-off of borders in northwestern europe and the 'carry-over ' effect upon nations of 'transit ' , the extent of the flow of refugees , and -- most particularly -- the appeal provided by the development , in these new employer countries , of an underground economy accompanied by the extension into industry of the practice of 'undeclared ' work .
C0022277
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C0015176
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