the most effective surgical therapy of primary liver cancer ( hcc ) or proximal bile duct cancer ( bdc ) is radical resection , but only 20 % of the patients will undergo this procedure , because the remaining patients in the advanced tumour-stage or cirrhosis can be given palliative treatment only ( chemo-embolisation for hcc , endoscopic or percutaneous draining with or without iridium-after-loading for bdc ) or a liver transplantation ( ltx ) , though under immunosuppression an early recurrence of the tumour is frequent .
C0543467
surgical
C0184661
procedure