transverse midshaft fractures of femurs from freshly euthanatized dogs were stabilized by means of 6 methods : ( 1 ) 3.5-mm bone plate and screws , ( 2 ) single intramedullary pin , ( 3 ) double intramedullary pins retrograded proximally and driven distally to the level of the femoral trochlea , ( 4 ) double intramedullary pins retrograded distally and driven proximally into the trochanteric region , ( 5 ) double intramedullary pinning in rush pin fashion , and ( 6 ) multiple intramedullary pinning that filled the medullary cavity at the fracture site .
C0015811
femoral
C0162370
trochanteric