the carbon dioxide laser was successfully used in 9 patients with diverse renal pathology ( staghorn calculus , 4 patients ; renal tumor , 3 patients ; congenital arteriovenous ( a-v ) fistula , 1 patient ; segmental chronic atrophic pyelonephritis , 1 patient ) as an excisional tool , allowing us to reduce intraoperative blood loss , decrease operating time , and preserve the functional integrity on the remaining renal segment .
C0022646
renal
C0085697
chronic