since electrophysiological actions of antiarrhythmic drugs are examined in different buffer systems , we set out to examine the influence of buffers on lidocaine 's electrophysiological actions by measuring recovery kinetics of maximum upstroke velocity ( dv/dtmax ) in lidocaine solutions buffered with hco-3-co2 , n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid ( hepes ) , and tris ( hydroxymethyl ) aminomethane ( tris ) at extracellular ph 7.4 .
C0003195
antiarrhythmic
C0023660
lidocaine