based on these results it is proposed that the transport of leucine by the system l is stimulated by fetal calf serum and tpa with a high concentration of na+ outside the cells as a result of alkalinization of the cytoplasm and coordinated activation of ( na+ + k+ ) -atpase by these stimulators to maintain the transmembrane na+ gradient and also hyperpolarize the cell membrane .
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the cells
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cytoplasm