those patients with retinopathy had significantly greater glycaemia , as shown by higher fasting plasma glucose levels at diagnosis , larger mean values for fasting glucose 1 , 3 and 5 years later , and higher random glucose and haemoglobin a1c at ophthalmic review ( p = 0.001 , 0.002 , 0.007 and 0.001 , respectively ) .
C0035309
retinopathy
C0015392
ophthalmic