in the treatment of the various malformations of the external and middle ear ( atresia of the bony canal , malformed ossicles , reduced volume of the middle ear in varying degrees , atypical course of the facial nerve ) , the indirect approach to the middle ear via the antrum appears to be the safest operative procedure for a tympanoplasty in cases of congenital atresia .
C0013455
middle ear
C0013443
ear