the role of il 1 in the activation of il 4-producing murine t cell clones was investigated by using a calcium ionophore ( ionomycin ) or a phorbol ester ( 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate ; tpa ) as t cell receptor-independent costimuli .
C0031586
phorbol ester
C0039654
12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate