surgical manipulations of the gastrointestinal system may affect ingestive behavior by directly altering the neural and hormonal feedback signals to the brain from the stomach , intestines , and other organs ( liver , pancreas ) , or they may indirectly alter these feedback signals by modifying the preabsorptive and/or postabsorptive flow of nutrients .
C0012240
gastrointestinal system
C0030274
pancreas