we conclude that ( 1 ) infection as a cause of pseudoaneurysm is increasing , ( 2 ) mortality and limb loss are now confined almost exclusively to cases involving infection , and ( 3 ) the current approach to pseudoaneurysm should include a high index of suspicion in patients at risk for infection , increased use of newer diagnostic scans , and an aggressive surgical attack on infected pseudoaneurysms that may require complete graft excision and extra-anatomic bypass .
C0543467
surgical
C0015250
complete