to determine where and how muscles affect pharyngeal stability , we assessed in heavily anesthetized , ventilated dogs , the negative pressure required to close the nasopharynx and the passage from the oral to the pharyngeal airway before and after electrical stimulation of six pairs of upper airway muscles : the sternohyoid , sternothyroid , ceratohyoid , thyrohyoid , genioglossus , and geniohyoid .
C0027442
nasopharynx
C0031354
pharyngeal