the causes of stricture formation included ureteroenteral anastomoses ( 23 per cent ) , open ureterolithotomy ( 19 per cent ) , ureteroscopy ( 19 per cent ) , other urological procedures ( 16 per cent ) , general surgical and gynecological procedures ( 13 per cent ) and miscellaneous causes ( 7 per cent ) .
C0184661
procedures
C0543467
surgical