in takayasu 's arteritis , the surgical treatment for the upper extremity ischemia is rarely indicated , except for the cases with aneurysm , because the occlusive lesion involves exclusively the aorta and its branches , and severe ischemia of the upper digital arteries in buerger 's disease frequently causes severe ischemic symptoms of hand and fingers , such as rest pain , trophic changes and tissue loss .
C0018563
hand
C0016129
fingers