to elucidate the mechanism of decreased 131i uptake by the thyroid gland in patients with subacute thyroiditis and painless thyroiditis , human thyroid follicles were cultured with interleukin-1 ( il-1 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( tnf alpha ) , and/or interferon-gamma ( ifn gamma ) , and the effects of these cytokines on thyroid function were studied in vitro .
C0040132
thyroid gland
C0040147
thyroiditis