`` `` cross-sectional and longitudinal variations in rates of intergroup marriage [ in the united states ] have often been used as indicators of assimilation for minority groups . this article demonstrates that both types of comparisons can give misleading results when census data are used for calculating intermarriage rates without restrictions . census data include immigrants who married abroad ( imas ) in the enumeration . the inclusion of these individuals in the study of intermarriage inevitably biases the level of minority inmarriage upward , making cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of intermarriage rates for groups with different levels of imas inappropriate . cumulation of imas also inflates the inmarriage rates of older cohorts , leading to a misimpression of increasing outmarriage among younger cohorts . these problems are illustrated for several asian groups using 1980 public use microdata sample data for california . alternative approaches for remedying the problem are proposed and their different implications for assimilation theory and research are discussed . '' ''
C0041703
united state
C0006754
californi