over an 8-year period , among 41 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by metastases to the liver or lymph nodes adjacent to the porta hepatis , palliative biliary decompression was established surgically in 11 , by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ( ptbd ) in 25 , and by both methods in 2 .
C0023884
liver
C0227498
porta hepatis