to estimate the risk that a fetus with an echocardiographically detected heart defect has an autosomal trisomy or turner syndrome , we adjusted the known frequency of aneuploidy in live-born infants with congenital cardiovascular malformations by the reported rate of spontaneous abortion , with data from a population-based case-control study of congenital cardiovascular malformations in which 268 cases ( 12.7 % ) had both congenital cardiovascular malformations and a chromosome abnormality .
C0041408
turner
C0008625
chromosome abnormality