intra-abdominal involvement has been found in 86 out of 184 cases ( 47 percent ) where other diagnostic methods , including lymphography , had not revealed disease below the diaphragm . as no clinical or histological parameter appeared reliably to indicate the likehood of intra-abdominal disease , it is suggested that logically either laparotomy should be carried out in all stage i and ii cases , or that treatment policy should be governed by the high probability of intra-abdominal disease .
C0023038
laparotomy
C0230168
intra-abdominal