An issue was discovered in Bento4 1.2. The allocator is out of memory in /Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h.
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: allocator is out of memory in /Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:172

- Version
```
$ ./mp42hls 
MP4 To HLS File Converter - Version 1.2
(Bento4 Version 1.6.0.0)
(c) 2002-2018 Axiomatic Systems, LLC
```
branch [d02ef82](https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/commit/d02ef8230a8fee4904a750eb912521c5f1c74e0b)

- Platform
```
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ uname -r
5.13.0-40-generic

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
```

- Steps to reproduce
```
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address"
$ make

$ ./mp42hls poc
```
- Asan
```
$ ./mp42hls poc
=================================================================
==2569847==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: allocator is out of memory trying to allocate 0x64f7ff3b0 bytes
    #0 0x7f4dacc42587 in operator new(unsigned long) ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_new_delete.cc:104
    #1 0x55b48862ff7c in AP4_Array<AP4_TrunAtom::Entry>::EnsureCapacity(unsigned int) (/home/wulearn/Bento4/build/mp42hls+0x40af7c)
    #2 0x55b48862fcf0 in AP4_Array<AP4_TrunAtom::Entry>::SetItemCount(unsigned int) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:210
    #3 0x55b48862e470 in AP4_TrunAtom::AP4_TrunAtom(unsigned int, unsigned char, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4TrunAtom.cpp:127
    #4 0x55b48862de8a in AP4_TrunAtom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4TrunAtom.cpp:51
    #5 0x55b4885751ab in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:438
    #6 0x55b488572f7a in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234
    #7 0x55b488572549 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:154
    #8 0x55b4885a3392 in AP4_File::ParseStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&, bool) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:104
    #9 0x55b4885a2fe0 in AP4_File::AP4_File(AP4_ByteStream&, bool) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:78
    #10 0x55b48855db38 in main /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Apps/Mp42Hls/Mp42Hls.cpp:1894
    #11 0x7f4dac6190b2 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x240b2)

==2569847==HINT: if you don't care about these errors you may set allocator_may_return_null=1
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: out-of-memory ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_new_delete.cc:104 in operator new(unsigned long)
==2569847==ABORTING
```
poc: [poc.zip](https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/files/8646733/poc.zip)

Thanks!
allocator is out of memory in /Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:172
This is a GitHub Issue
repo:Bento4
owner:axiomatic-systems
Title : allocator is out of memory in /Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:172
Issue date:

--- start body ---
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: allocator is out of memory in /Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:172

- Version
```
$ ./mp42hls 
MP4 To HLS File Converter - Version 1.2
(Bento4 Version 1.6.0.0)
(c) 2002-2018 Axiomatic Systems, LLC
```
branch [d02ef82](https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/commit/d02ef8230a8fee4904a750eb912521c5f1c74e0b)

- Platform
```
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ uname -r
5.13.0-40-generic

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
```

- Steps to reproduce
```
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address"
$ make

$ ./mp42hls poc
```
- Asan
```
$ ./mp42hls poc
=================================================================
==2569847==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: allocator is out of memory trying to allocate 0x64f7ff3b0 bytes
    #0 0x7f4dacc42587 in operator new(unsigned long) ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_new_delete.cc:104
    #1 0x55b48862ff7c in AP4_Array<AP4_TrunAtom::Entry>::EnsureCapacity(unsigned int) (/home/wulearn/Bento4/build/mp42hls+0x40af7c)
    #2 0x55b48862fcf0 in AP4_Array<AP4_TrunAtom::Entry>::SetItemCount(unsigned int) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Array.h:210
    #3 0x55b48862e470 in AP4_TrunAtom::AP4_TrunAtom(unsigned int, unsigned char, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4TrunAtom.cpp:127
    #4 0x55b48862de8a in AP4_TrunAtom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4TrunAtom.cpp:51
    #5 0x55b4885751ab in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:438
    #6 0x55b488572f7a in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234
    #7 0x55b488572549 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:154
    #8 0x55b4885a3392 in AP4_File::ParseStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&, bool) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:104
    #9 0x55b4885a2fe0 in AP4_File::AP4_File(AP4_ByteStream&, bool) /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:78
    #10 0x55b48855db38 in main /home/wulearn/Bento4/Source/C++/Apps/Mp42Hls/Mp42Hls.cpp:1894
    #11 0x7f4dac6190b2 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x240b2)

==2569847==HINT: if you don't care about these errors you may set allocator_may_return_null=1
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: out-of-memory ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_new_delete.cc:104 in operator new(unsigned long)
==2569847==ABORTING
```
poc: [poc.zip](https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/files/8646733/poc.zip)

Thanks!
--- end body ---

The issue indicates a potential Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in the Bento4 library, specifically in the memory allocation process within the AP4_Array class. The AddressSanitizer reports an out-of-memory error when attempting to allocate a large amount of memory, which could be exploited by an attacker to crash the application or cause it to become unresponsive by providing specially crafted input files.