a beauty industry experts professional opinion [SEP] not all obagi products are made at the same place but i found out that this formula is made by one of the top skincare labs in the us one that manufactures high end dermatologist and clinical skincare brands on the market today so knowing this i knew there would be some efficacy to this product i actually like that ingredients are straightforward and not full of fluff water aqua dipropylene glycol ethoxydiglycol caffeine malonic acid zinc carbonate arginine laureth copper carbonate hydroxide hydroxyethylcellulose sodium hydroxide phenoxyethanol ethylhexylglycerinto be honest if you are looking to reduce eye puffiness and dark circles this will not do much if found no visible evidence of that in my use but it is really good at minimizing fine lines plumping up the skin and returning elasticity to the skin that is why it is called elasti derm to help coax the skin into being more hydrated refined and pliant thus reducing the signs of lines obagis main active to do that is malonic acid and i give a big thumbs up to the addition of arginine a powerful delivery vehicle to help drive the malonic acid further into the skin for more efficacy as many in the skincare industry know anything with arginine helps make the active ingredient even more active the stainless steel ball is not just a feel good gimmick it actually helps to massage this serum into the delicate eye skin further pushing the ingredients into the dermis after using an entire bottle of this product i definitely experienced a reduction in the signs of my fine lines the skin was plumped up and the lines less visible plus the texture more refined used in conjunction with a good eye cream and alternating with vitamin c serum this is a great addition to any anti aging regimen i would surely purchase againi take off one star because i do not like the plastic packaging as glass is the safest material for stability and plastic has a tendency to shorten the shelf life of a formula plus plastics are not as safe we think