# Latin/Lesson 6-The Subjunctive Perfect Passive

# Subjunctive Passive Verbs

## Subjunctive Passive Perfect

Subjunctive passive verbs form from the 4th principle part as shown in
the example below.

The verb\'s third principle part, e.g. in the word impedire(to
obstruct): impedio, impedire, **impedivi**, impeditus; gains the passive
ending for the appropriate person.

This is an example of the Subjunctive Passive in the perfect tense.
muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatum \-- to change

To make the verb into a perfect passive, take the fourth principle part,
make it agree with the subject in gender, number, and case, and then add
in the appropriate form of esse. In the perfect, we use the present form
of esse, and specifically the subjunctive present(sim, sis, sit, simus,
sitis, sint.)

For example, Do you know *what has been done to him?* would be made
into: scis quid eum factum sit?

`            `*`Singular`*

`           mutatus sim      `**`I have been changed.`**\
`           mutatus sis      `**`You have been changed.`**\
`           mutatus sit      `**`He has been changed.`**

`             `*`Plural*`*

`           mutati simus     `**`We have been changed.`**\
`           mutati sitis     `**`You have been changed.`**\
`           mutati sint      `**`They have been changed.`**

-   Note well that in the plural, the word \"mutatus\" becomes
    \"mutati,\" thus taking on the plural nominative. Remember that the
    perfect passive verbs require the fourth participle to agree in
    gender and number!

### Exercises

**In this section, it is only truly necessary to translate the
italicized portion. The rest exists in order to make the subjunctive
necessary.**

the children were so bad that they *have been scolded.* (Children-
Liberi; To scold- vitupero, vituperare, vituperavi)

He asked how *I was tricked.*(trick-ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus)

My parents drove to town so that now *I have been born in a
hospital.*(born- cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus; Hospital-
valetudinarium, valetudinarii-n.)

## Subjunctive Passive Pluperfect

The subjunctive passive pluperfect is very similar to the perfect, with
the major difference being the way esse is conjugated. In specific, the
word esse is simply given the active endings(m,s,t,mus,tis, nt)

mutavi + **isse** \--\>

*Singular*

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\*mutatus essem **I had been changed.**\
\*mutatus esses **You had been changed.**\
\*mutatus esset **He had been changed.**

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*Plural\**

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```

\*mutati essemus **We had been changed.**\
\*mutati essetis **You had been changed.**\
\*mutati essent **They had been changed.**

### Exercises

In these exercises, only the italicized parts require translation. The
rest exist to make the subjunctive necessary. Remember, the subjunctive
is not used in any but complex sentences or other rare circumstances.

Ovid wrote so much in the Metamorphoses that *his hand had been changed
into stone.*

