# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Simple Vehicle: Wheel tutorial 2

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There are 2 tutorials for the tires. This and the previous tutorial. The
first is basic but this is a more complicated tutorial with a total of 4
different versions.

Congratulations on making it this far; you\'ve proven you have what it
takes to finish this book. At this point you don\'t need me explaining
the simple things like the differences between or how to select
vertices, edges or faces. Feel free to swivel the camera this way and
that. I\'ll leave it to you to decide when to turn snap on or off
\"Limit Selection to visible\". At every step I hope you think, "Ah-ha,
now it looks more like a tire!" since that\'s essentially what I did.
I\'m writing this tutorial because I don\'t want this book to become
outdated. Also\... I really like tires!

## Build the Tire

!A real world wheel

This is the real world wheel we\'ll be modelling. It has three parts: 1)
tire 2) rim 3) hub. We\'ll create the wheel laying down starting with
the tire and working our way in.

### The wheel

Delete the default cube and hit  to go
to the top view.

Center the cursor and add cylinder with 32 vertices, radius 4, and depth
2. Set Cap Fill Type to nothing. Set snapping to Increment:
++
and enable snapping:
+.

Next we will make a series of cylinders which will become the tire and
the rim. Switch to edit mode. Extrude the cylinder inwards by pressing
 

+
 
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this a total of two times, then extrude another cylinder inwards by 0.8.

!only select the vertical
edges Unselect
everything () then select only the
vertical edges of the innermost cylinder, as follows: ensure \"limit
selection to visible\" is turned off, switch to vertex-select mode,
circle-select the innermost vertices, switch to side view
() and edge-select mode, block-unselect
the top edges with
+, and
do the same for the bottom edges.  !merge
collapse the edges
Merge-collapse
(+ \>\>
Collapse) these vertical edges to create a circle that\'s vertically in
the center of the other cylinders. 

### The Hub

!completed simple
wheel\|left The inner
ring should be already selected. Extrude it and scale to 0.4. Move the
new circle down by 0.5, then extrude it up
( ) by 0.5.
Extrude and scale to 0.25. Move the circle up by 0.15, and lastly press
 to make a face in the inner circle.
 To be safe before saving highlight all and
remove doubles. We can add different types of tread to this simple tire.
If you\'re feeling ambitious come up with your own tread design. Save
your work now.

## Finish your tire several versions

Working on the vertical faces of the outermost cylinder in face select
mode.

### Type 1

Subdivide the outer faces one time, and rotate, with Z-Lock, the newly
created central edge by 12. !rotate the middle edge by
12\|left\
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Stager select every other outer face and extrude size out 1.15 (\"Ekey\"
then \"Enter\" then S and then 1.15). Make sure your sizing outward from
the center of the wheel. For quick selecting, Alt-select the two rings
of faces and press Select-Checker Deselect !select tread pattern and
extrude outward by
1.15\|left\
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What you can also do is Alt+E click on individual faces, 1.15 and then
\"S key\" scale it down some points. !nice round
wheel\|left\
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### Type 2

This tread is a little trickier but the extra work is worth it.
Subdivide the outer faces and change the number of cuts to 2. There are
now 96x3 outer faces. Think of these as being on 3 levels bottom middle
and top. ! creating
faces\|left\
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Select 2 of the bottom faces skip 4 faces then select 2 more go all the
way around the circle. The pattern for the middle level is select 2 skip
one select 2 starting at the top left vertex of the bottom level. The
pattern of the top is the same as the bottom select 2 skip 4 start at
the top right vertex of the middle level just not the same middle
selection that the bottom is\... see the picture :) ! select tread
pattern\|left\
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Extrude size out 1.15 from the center of the wheel \"Ekey\" then
\"Enter\" then S then 1.15)! extrude outward to create
tread\|left\
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### Type 3

Evenly loop-cut the faces of the outer cylinder ! loopcut center of
wheel\|left\
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CTRL-R, center the mouse on the outer cylinder -\> Enter -\> Enter. Now
subdivide the outer cylinder. There are now 3 inner edges. rotate, with
Z-Lock the top inner edge by 12 and the bottom inner edge by -12.
!rotate edges\|left\
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This time make a Z-pattern with the faces and extrude size out by 1.15
from the center of the wheel \"Ekey\" then \"Enter\" then S then 1.15).
! select tread pattern and extrude
outward\|left\
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## Finishing

To get the wheel standing up lock the y axis and rotate everything 90°

The wheel object as well as the wheel mesh are both named Cylinder in
the outliner lets rename both Wheel. Right click the name and select
rename ! rename object/mesh
wheel\|left\
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Lets add a sub modifier and set shading to smooth. ! subdivide to
smooth things
out\|left\
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Crease the hub edges. Shift EKEY 1 enter. By the way the easiest way to
remove a crease is just to add a negative crease. Shift EKEY -1. !
crease the hub\|left\
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## Colouring

Now for some color. By the way, think of diffuse as being the base color
and specular as being the reflected color. If you\'re curious about
words like lambert and fresnel just look them up in your favorite
dictionary.

In the properties menu select the materials icon.

Create three material slots by clicking the plus button that\'s above
the minus button 3 times. !after you click new rename the
material\|left\
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Select each material slot and click new to add a material to it. Name
the first material Rim, the second Tire and the last Hub.

We\'ll leave the rim default white. Select Tire and change the diffuse
color to almost black RGB of 0.010 and the specular intensity to 1. This
gives our tire a very shiny black look. Give the hub a dull gray look by
setting the diffuse color to RGB 0.05. ! create dark gray by lowering
all colors to
0.05\|left\
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The first material added becomes the default material for the entire
object. So we only need to select the parts of the wheel mesh that are
not rim.

Select the tire that\'s the two outer cylinders- with the tire material
highlighted click assign. ! assign the tire color to the tire
mesh\|left\
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To make selecting the hub easier close the subsurf eye in either the
properties or outliner menu. Assign the hub material to the hub mesh.
I\'ve left adding the red hub oil seal up to you. ! turning subsurf off
makes selecting
easier\|left\
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!The final Tire
rendering\|left\
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That\'s it! Hopefully my instructions weren\'t too painful. Be sure to
save and good luck!

If you want you can create a more complex tire. Otherwise you can skip
this.

## Creating a more complex tire

Start by loading a basic cylinder and rotating it so it rests on its
side.

!Cylinder\|thumb\|left\
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Next, remove the faces from the top, and bottom of the cylinder. !No
Faces\|thumb\|left\
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Now Press the num5 key to enter orthographic view. !2
Cuts\|thumb\|left\
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Then press num7 to view the front of the cylinder.

Then click on \"Loop cut and Slide\" in the tools shelf and make a cut
of \".5\" to each side as shown in the picture (ctrl+R -\> 3 -\> Enter
-\> Enter) select the middle then (X -\> edge loops).

Next, make 2 more cuts .4 on each side (ctrl+R -\> 4 -\> Enter -\>
Enter) select the unneeded then (X -\> edge loops). !Total Count Of
Cuts\|thumb\|left\
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Next, press the b key to enter box select mode.
!Boxselect\|thumb\|left\
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you will want to select all the middle faces.

Next. type \"S key\" then X or Y, dependent on direction your cylinder
is in, then .5 !Scale The
Middle\|thumb\|left\
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Then press the A key to select everything, then \"S key\" -\> X or Y,
and type .5 to squish the whole wheel.

Then use the \"B key\" to reselect the middle faces. Now, with the
Middle faces still selected rotate them so they look similar to the
picture shown by typing \"R key\" \"X key\" or \"Y key\" and then\"10\".
!Rotate The
Middle\|thumb\|left\
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Next, select all the faces beside the middle and in the middle and
rotate them all in the opposite direction so it looks similar to the
picture shown by typing \"R key\" \"X key\" or \"Y key\" and
then\"-10\". !Rotate The Middle And
Sides\|thumb\|left\
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Next press the A key to unselect everything. !Select The
Faces\|thumb\|left\
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Then start selecting faces as shown in the picture. Continue this all
the way around the wheel leaving 1 space of unselected faces in-between
each row.

With the faces selected press \"Shift+S\" then \"Cursor to Center\" then
**EKEY** then **ESC** and then \"S key\" to scale them. While scaling
type \".9\" then press enter. !Extrude And
Scale\|thumb\|left\
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Next, select all of the side edges as shown and Then Press the \"S key\"
and type .7 then press enter. !Outside
Edges\|thumb\|left\
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!Sides The
Tire\|thumb\|left\
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Type \"S key\" then X or Y, and then type \"1.5\" to move both sides
outward slightly.

Type \"E key\" then \"Enter\" , then the \"S key\" type \"0.75\" as
shown in the image. !The Inner Of The
Tire\|thumb\|left\
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!The Render Of The
tire\|thumb\|left\
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You\'re done!

Feel free to add the hub cap from the previous wheel, or one of your own
design.

