# Hypothesis Testing with One Sample

## Null and Alternative Hypotheses

The actual test begins by considering two hypotheses. They are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
H, the null hypothesis: a statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion. In other words, the difference equals 0.
H, the alternative hypothesis: a claim about the population that is contradictory to H and what we conclude when we reject H.
Since the null and alternative hypotheses are contradictory, you must examine evidence to decide if you have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis or not. The evidence is in the form of sample data.
After you have determined which hypothesis the sample supports, you make a decision.
There are two options for a decision. They are reject H if the sample information favors the alternative hypothesis or do not reject H or decline to reject H if the sample information is insufficient to reject the null hypothesis.
Mathematical Symbols Used in H and H:






### Chapter Review

In a hypothesis test, sample data are evaluated in order to arrive at a decision about some type of claim. If certain conditions about the sample are satisfied, then the claim can be evaluated for a population. In a hypothesis test, we do the following:




### Formula Review

H and H are contradictory.
If α ≤ p-value, then do not reject H.
If α > p-value, then reject H.
α is preconceived. Its value is set before the hypothesis test starts. The p-value is calculated from the data.

### Homework


### References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Physical activity facts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/facts.htm
National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Publications about depression. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm