# Chess/Sample chess game

\_\_NOTOC\_\_ This is a **sample game of chess**, recorded in standard
algebraic chess notation and accompanied by commentary.

White has the first move and therefore a significant initiative. White
wins 10% more often than Black simply on the power of that initiative.
It is important not to squander the opening advantage with a move that
does nothing. 

## Moves 1-5

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##### 1. e4

White chooses an excellent move, common among beginners and experts
alike. The move has several advantages:

1.  It stakes out territory in the center. A player who controls the
    center with pawns will probably be able to find good squares for
    their pieces.
2.  It opens a diagonal for the king\'s bishop to move out and attack,
    which also facilitates kingside castling.
3.  It opens a diagonal for the queen to move out and attack.

This move follows the two most important principles of an opening
move: 1. develop a piece, or facilitate the development of a piece, and
2. control the center.

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##### 1\... e5

This move for Black is good for the same reasons listed above. Note that
the two e-file pawns are not threatening to capture each other, because
pawns capture diagonally. Instead, they merely block each other until
something breaks the logjam.

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##### 2. Nf3

White makes another fine move. White is mobilizing forces by bringing a
knight forward into an attacking position. Because the white knight is
attacking Black\'s e-pawn, White is maintaining the initiative by
forcing Black to react. So now, Black must choose a move that defends
the pawn, or else he might lose it. The initiative may appear to offer
only a slight edge, but at the hands of a master, it can be deadly.

White could have moved out the queen instead, but that would be
dangerous. The queen is generally too valuable to trade for any other
piece except the enemy queen (however, it can be traded for multiple
enemy pieces of equivalent total value, such as two bishops and three
pawns; two bishops and a knight; or a rook, a bishop, and a pawn, for
instance), so it can\'t do much by itself unless the opponent carelessly
leaves pieces unprotected. Thus, your opponent can keep attacking your
queen with different pieces. And while you are simply moving your queen
around, your opponent will be able to keep developing their pieces. It
is better to wait until there are other pieces in the fray which can
serve as shock troops for her.

White also could have moved out the kingside bishop. That would not be a
bad idea, but it isn\'t clear yet whether the bishop wants to be at c4,
b5, or possibly even behind the pawns. The knight, on the other hand,
usually goes to f3 anyway, because the other squares it could move to
are inferior: on h3, it would not attack the center, and on e2, it would
be temporarily in the way.

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##### 2\... f6?

Black makes a worthless move, entering the infamous Damiano Defense.
Black needed to defend his pawn with either
2\...Nc6
(main line) or
2\...d6
(Philidor Defense), or counterattack White\'s pawn with
2\...Nf6
(Petrov\'s Defense). Either of the knight moves would have maintained
the balance of the game by contesting the center. If Black felt brave,
he could also venture into the murky waters of
2\...f5
(Latvian Gambit) or
2\...d5
(Elephant Gambit).

The move 2\...f6 appears to defend the threatened e-pawn, but this is an
illusion, as the game shall demonstrate. Black has weakened the
kingside, allowing attacks on the f7-square, which is protected by
nothing other than the king itself. This weakening is called \"opening
the door,\" and White must take advantage of this.

Black has failed to follow the principles here and has received no
compensation. He has affected the center, but the move 2\...d6 would
have done the same and gained some control on the queenside. Also, he
has not developed a piece, nor has he facilitated the development of a
piece. 2\...Nc6 would have developed and gained control in the center,
and 2\...d6 would have gained some control on the c8--h3 diagonal and
facilitated the development of the light-squared bishop. Black has also
weakened his kingside. Any pawn moves in front of a castled king can be
useful weaknesses for the opponent. Since pawns cannot go backwards, you
should be very cautious of any pawn moves on the side you wish to castle
on (usually the kingside).

The moves 2\...f5 and 2\...d5 seem to not adhere to the principles. Why
have these moves been brought up? The fact is that the best moves in a
position will sometimes break principles, but they will offer
compensation for whatever gains are lost by not following the principle.
So, in a sense, the principles tell us what questions to ask ourselves
when making a move, such as, \"Should I develop now?\" So it is
important to understand the principles in order to decide if you are
getting enough compensation. It is not always good to blindly do
whatever the principles dictate.

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##### 3. Nxe5

White attacks immediately, *sacrificing* the white knight for a pawn,
although White would generally need three pawns for the knight to have
material equality. Before making this sacrifice, White has to calculate
to make sure he is going to gain something that compensates for the lost
material. In this case, as the following moves show, White knows that he
will gain an attack on the enemy king, forcing Black to either surrender
more material or allow checkmate.

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##### 3\... fxe5?

Black makes the only move consistent with 2\...f6, but it is not best.
The best try for an equal game was 3\...Qe7, *skewering* White\'s knight
and pawn and putting pressure on White\'s king. That is to say, the
queen would indirectly be attacking everything in the e-file. After the
knight moved away, the queen could take on e4 with check, regaining the
pawn. White would, however, have a large advantage because of his lead
in development and Black\'s weakened kingside pawn structure, e.g. 4.Nf3
Qxe4+ 5.Be2, likely followed by 0-0 and Nc3, attacking the queen.

Retaking the knight now merely invites White\'s queen to jump into the
fray with check. The fact that Black cannot afford to take the knight
shows that 2\...f6 did not really protect the pawn at all.

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##### 4. Qh5+

The game\'s first check! There are three legal ways to respond to check:

1.  Capture the piece giving check. Here, this is impossible, as Black
    has nothing which can move to h5.
2.  Interpose a piece between the king and the piece giving check. Black
    could play 4\...g6, but that would lose a rook to 5.Qxe5+ and
    6.Qxh8.
3.  Move the king out of check. Moving the king to f7 leaves it in check
    and is thus illegal, so e7 is the only square to move out of check.

Note that White has forked the king on e8 and the pawn on e5. There is
no time for Black to protect both, so no matter what Black does to get
out of check, White\'s queen can take on e5.

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##### 4\... Ke7

This move leaves Black in a dangerous position because the black king is
so exposed. Furthermore, the black rooks, bishops, and queen still have
no way to get out. The black position is no more developed than it was
at the start of the game.

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##### 5. Qxe5+

Another check. Black now has only one legal move: Black can\'t interpose
anything between the king and queen, and he can\'t take the queen, so
the black king must be moved out of check. There is only one square next
to Black\'s king which White\'s queen is not threatening.

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##### 5\... Kf7

Black moves the king; it\'s the only available move to play. White\'s
queen is a dangerous attacker. However, because it is too valuable to
trade for anything, it can only take undefended pieces. Everything in
Black\'s camp that the white queen could target is defended by
something, so the queen has done all it can do by itself. It is time to
bring in reinforcements.

## Moves 6-10

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##### 6. Bc4+

This is an excellent move to keep the pressure on Black because it
develops a piece and gives check while preventing Black from
consolidating.

If White had played less energetically with 6.Nc3, the advantage would
have evaporated instantly. Black could answer with 6\...Nf6, bringing a
piece to the defense. If Black gets his king to safety, Black might
actually be winning: White has only two pawns for the sacrificed knight,
giving him a material disadvantage.

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##### 6\.... d5!

Black makes an excellent defensive move. Never forget that moving the
king isn\'t the only way to get out of check!

Admittedly, Black\'s d-pawn is a dead duck. It is attacked by White\'s
bishop, queen, and pawn, three times altogether, while it is defended
only once, by Black\'s queen. The sacrifice is worthwhile, though, to
open up lines for the queen and bishop so they can help with the
defense. Now, if White fails to find the best continuation, Black has
some chance to counterattack.

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##### 7. Bxd5+

White gives check yet again, which prevents Black from doing anything
constructive. Let\'s review the three ways to get out of check:

1.  Capture the piece giving check. Black could play 7\...Qxd5. However,
    White would simply take the queen with 8.Qxd5+. With such a huge
    material disadvantage and an exposed king, Black could resign
    without feeling like a quitter.
2.  Interpose a piece. Black could play 7\...Be6. However, that would be
    inadvisable because the bishop would be defended only once (by
    Black\'s king) and attacked twice (by White\'s queen and bishop). In
    fact, White could end the game at once with 8.Qxe6#.
3.  Move the king. Alas, the only square which is not under attack by
    White is g6, even further into the open. It beats the alternatives,
    though.

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##### 7\... Kg6

Now White must think of a way to continue the attack. White would like
to play 8.Qf5+, driving Black\'s king to h6 where it can be cornered and
checkmated, but Black\'s c8-bishop is guarding the square f5. If Black
hadn\'t interposed with 6\...d5, Black would now be subject to a forced
checkmate. As it stands, White has to be more creative to keep the
initiative.

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##### 8. h4

Again, White finds a strong continuation. White is threatening to force
the Black king to h6 after all with h5+. Also, the pawn protects the g5
square, which is important in some mating combinations. Finally, there
is some chance the rook will be able to join the attack down the h-file.

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##### 8\... h5

Black plays a tenacious defense in a precarious situation. White\'s pawn
is blocked from further advances, and the king has a new escape square
on h7. Black\'s position is still precarious, but there is no immediate
way for White to force checkmate.

Now let us take a step deeper into chess reasoning. White knows Black is
on the run for the moment, but if Black has a chance to regroup, the
game is far from over. Three pawns for the sacrificed knight is roughly
material equality.

If White brings additional forces forward with 9.Nc3 or 9.d4, the
obvious developing moves, Black will harass White\'s queen with
9\...Bd6. That would force White to lose time protecting the queen.
Black would gain enough time to get the black pieces out and get the
black king to safety.

White desperately wants a quick kill but can\'t see how to get it. White
is annoyed that Black\'s bishop on c8 prevents White from playing 9.Qf5+
and administering the coup de grace. Therefore, White asks the question,
\"What if Black\'s bishop were not on c8? If only that annoyance were
removed, I could do great things.\"

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##### 9. Bxb7!!

White finds a forceful continuation that puts Black in dire straits.
Black\'s best bet now is to ignore White\'s bishop and harass White\'s
queen with 9\...Bd6, but then White calmly plays 10.Qa5, maintaining the
threat on f5 and forcing Black to lose material. One possible line of
play is 9\...Bd6 10.Qa5 Nc6 11.Bxc6 Rb8. The checkmate has been avoided,
but now White has a large material advantage of four extra pawns, and he
can win slowly and surely with patient developing moves like 12.Nc3.
(Note that after 9\...Bd6 10.Qa5, Black cannot play 10\...Bxb7 because
of 11.Qf5+, with the same play as in the main variation below.)

As it happens, Black does not understand the danger.

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##### 9\... Bxb7?

Black grabs the bishop to gain a material advantage (bishop plus knight
versus four pawns). This is Black\'s critical error, allowing White\'s
attack to break through. From here on, White has a forced
mate.

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##### 10. Qf5+

The crushing move can be unleashed at last. Black has only one legal
reply.

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##### 10\... Kh6

This is the only move to get out of check: the white queen cannot be
taken, and any other moves for the king would leave it under attack.

## Moves 11-14

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##### 11. d4+

White continues the attack with a special kind of check, a *discovered
check*. White moves a pawn, but it isn\'t the pawn which gives check. It
is White\'s bishop, attacking from its home square, which delivers the
blow.

Note that Black\'s king has no legal moves, and White\'s bishop is safe
from capture, so interposition is the only option. But because it *is*
an option, this is not yet checkmate.

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##### 11\... g5

At this point, White has an easy win with 12.Bxg5+ Kg7 13.Bxd8. The
material advantage of a queen and five pawns for a bishop and a knight
is overwhelming. However, weak players have been known to play on in
completely hopeless positions rather than resign. In order to forestall
a long, boring mop-up operation, White looks for a direct kill.

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##### 12. Qf7!

Truly a masterful move! White doesn\'t even call check, but mate is now
inevitable.

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##### 12\... Qe7

Nothing can save Black now short of White forgetting the plan, but there
is some logic to Black\'s move. Where can White\'s queen go? Any of
Black\'s pieces that it could take are protected. If White trades
queens, then the attack is over, and Black is winning. Finally, if
White\'s queen simply retreats, Black will strike back with check:
13\...Qxe4+! However, White must have foreseen this possibility when
playing his last move.

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##### 13. hxg5+

This checks Black\'s king and destroys Black\'s pawn cover. Black can\'t
get out of this check by interposition or by moving the king away. All
retreat is cut off by White\'s well-placed queen. The only option is to
capture the checking piece.

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##### 13\... Qxg5

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##### 14. Rxh5#

Checkmate. Black can\'t interpose anything, because the rook is giving
check from an adjacent square. Black\'s king can\'t move away, because
White\'s queen covers all retreat squares. Black\'s king can\'t capture
the rook, because then it would be in check from White\'s queen.
Finally, Black\'s queen can\'t capture White\'s rook because it is
pinned. If Black\'s queen moved away, White\'s bishop on c1 would be
giving check to Black\'s king.

Notice that, although material considerations are very important in
chess thinking, one doesn\'t win by having the most pieces. One wins by
delivering checkmate. White has been behind in material almost the
entire game, including in the final position, but comes away with the
victory nonetheless. 

## Move list in Portable Game Notation

Here is the game in Portable Game Notation (PGN) format. Most computer
chess programs have an easy way to import games in this format. In the
best case you can just copy the following code, start your chess program
and paste the code to it:

`[Event ""]`\
`[Site ""]`\
`[Date "????.??.??"]`\
`[Round ""]`\
`[White "White"]`\
`[Black "Black"]`\
`[TimeControl "-"]`\
`[Result "1-0"]`\
\
`1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f6 3.Nxe5 fxe5 4.Qh5+ Ke7 5.Qxe5+ Kf7 6.Bc4+ d5 7.Bxd5+ `\
`Kg6 8.h4 h5 9.Bxb7 Bxb7 10.Qf5+ Kh6 11.d4+ g5 12.Qf7 Qe7 13.hxg5+ Qxg5 `\
`14.Rxh5# 1-0`

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