# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Simple Vehicle: Seat

|previous=Simple Vehicle: Wheel tutorial 2
}}
```
## Techniques

You should already know how to:

-   Make a mesh
-   Navigate the viewport
-   Extrusion
-   Subsurf
-   Crease edges

This section will recap and introduce:

-   Loop Cut and Slide (Loop Subdivide)
-   Small, consistent vertex movement

The design will be an all-terrain bucket-type seat.

## Extrude the Seat

!Basic setup of
shapes.{width="200"} Start in
 view of the default cube and rename
it.

Extrude the cube multiple times to make your basic shape. In this
example a 3x3x1 block composes the body with one cube coming out the top
for the headrest, and the bottom cube\'s front faces extruded out to
create the seat.

**Noob Note:** best practice is use \"Face\" selection mode, select the
face, or faces you want to extrude with the
, then hit
, select an axis to move on by pressing
the , , or
 keys, and pull with
 held down.

## Add cushion seams

!Multiple Loop Cut and
Slide.{width="200"}
**Noob Note:** Before starting on this, you\'ll need to make sure you
don\'t have any unnecessary faces **inside** the seat, or else you\'ll
get strange cushion seams.

To add a little texture to the mesh, we\'ll add some cushion seams. Use
Loop Cut and Slide
(+ and
you\'ll see the pink selection loop. You can use the
 key to increase the number of loops
made at the same time. Use mouse wheel or press
 3 times to form 4 loops and
 the center column of blocks. You may
also find it easier to add them one at a time in the correct place, than
inserting them and then moving them.

(To get multiple Loops instead of pressing
 just press the number of loops you
want in this case , this is a fast easy
way to achieve this.) You can use a mouse-wheel as well. Finally pres
\"Enter\" 2 times.

**Noob note:** If the loop comes up with green lines rather than purple
you have gone one step too far, just press
 and try again. When you see the purple
lines use your  or the
 button.

## Position the cushion seams

!Where the 3D cursor should be placed and what to
select{width="200"}
Go into ZX view () and make sure the
view is orthographic ( to
activate/deactivate orthographic view). Place the 3D cursor on one of
the sides of the head rest (, or
+ to
move cursor).

!Positioning the
seams.{width="200"} The idea is
to move the 4 loop cuts just created away from center to the sides. Set
the pivot to 3D cursor and select the two closest loop cuts. Scale
() it down on the X axis
() to 0.3. The goal will be to have the
loop closer to the cursor to go into the cushion to become a seam. Now,
do the same thing for the other side of the head rest.

`<b>`{=html}Noob note:`</b>`{=html} The easiest way to select the two
closest loop cuts is to first select (,
+) one
edge of each loop, and then go to Select Edge Loop
( -\> `<i>`{=html}Select`</i>`{=html}
-\> `<i>`{=html}Edge Loop`</i>`{=html}). Or hold down
 when selecting one of the loop\'s
edges. This should select the entire loop. In order to select more than
one loop, hold down  as well.

`<b>`{=html}Noob2 note:`</b>`{=html} in Ortho view with \'Limit
selection to visible\' disabled, just box-selected with one drag of the
mouse.

## Add Depth to the seams

!Vertical seam
creation.{width="200"} In
overhead view (), select the vertices
in vertical parts of the two front facing seams of the seat back, grab
them (), move only along the Y axis
(), and type in
**.05**.

!Horizontal seam
creation.{width="207"}
Switch to  view and move the vertices
in the horizontal parts of the same two seams, grab them and move them
down by moving them -0.05 along the Z-axis.

**Noob Note**: I\'ve found that an easier way to do this is selecting
each loop of the seam one by one and scaling to .95 (make sure the pivot
is set to \"Bounding Box Center)

## Subsurf the seat

!Subsurfed seat{width="250"} Add a
\"Subdivison Surface\" Modifier to the object. Hit in the Tool shelf:
\"Smooth\" under \"Shading\" **Not Necessary:** *Select the edges
between the back and seat and crease
(\'+)
them. Crease any edges you feel like to create your perfect jeep seat.*
**Noob note:** it\'s best to be in **Edge** select mode when creasing

A subsurf level of 2 or 3 looks best, and don\'t forget to change the
render level to 3 or 4.

Select all () then either hit the \"Set
Smooth\" button at the bottom of links and materials, or hit
 and select \"Set Smooth\" for a much
smoother subsurf.

**Noob note:** If your seat is noticeably misshapen after adding the
subsurf modifier, you may just have to delete internal faces in your
model.  into edit mode, and hit
 to get into wireframe mode. Click the
face select button and look for faces that are totally inside the model.
There will probably be a couple vertical faces (in YZ-plane) under the
seams in the seat. I found a few elsewhere, also. Deleting all these
cleared everything up.

**Noob note 2:** Another way to remove the extra faces (which can cause
the \"seams\" to be very deep) is to go into edit mode, select your
whole seat (), then hit
() and select \"Remove doubles\" from the
menu. This is much quicker than finding them individually, and should
solve the problem.

**Noob note 3:** The problem may also be solved by going into edit mode,
using  to select all, and using
 \> Edit \> Normals \> Recalculate
Outside ( +
).

## Resize the seat

!Change the widths.{width="245"}
Next, resize the seat\'s height and width.

**Note:** Be sure to change the rotation/scaling pivot back to center
point!

To make the whole seat narrower in width, select all
 twice, then hit
, followed by
 then type 0.8 and press
.

right\|250px
To make the seat back a bit narrower in thickness, select around the
seat back (in vertex mode) with the circle select
. Once you have it completely selected on
all of the sides, hit , lock axis with
, and type 0.75, and hit
.

## Final touches

This final seat renders to: !Rendered
seat.{width="300"}

### Leathery look

To give the seams a leathery cord look, Hit
 twice to select all, then
 and choose Subdivide Fractal on the popup
menu (in 2.6x select Subdivide and then press
 and choose 1 for fractals); just keep
the defaults and the seams will look like a bunch of vines until you
render it and they look like leather seams, and set in \"Material\" in
the \"Properties header\" diffuse color to deep black.

### More concave

!Making it concave.{width="200"}
Also the seat can also be made slightly more concave to look like it
would hold a person better.

