# Latin/Lesson 6-Irregular Verbs

## Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not fit in any particular conjugation. Irregular
verbs conjugate but not in a predictable manner. An example of an
irregular verb that you have met is \'esse\'. There are a few others
which will be listed in the present indicate active tense below for you
to memorise and refer to.

<table>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Verb</p></td>
<td><p>Meaning</p></td>
<td><p>ego</p></td>
<td><p>tu</p></td>
<td><p>is/ea</p></td>
<td><p>nos</p></td>
<td><p>vos</p></td>
<td><p>ei/eae</p></td>
<td><p>Imperative sing.</p></td>
<td><p>Imp. pl</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>ire</p></td>
<td><p>to go</p></td>
<td><p>eo</p></td>
<td><p>is</p></td>
<td><p>it</p></td>
<td><p>imus</p></td>
<td><p>itis</p></td>
<td><p>eunt</p></td>
<td><p>i</p></td>
<td><p>ite</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>esse</p></td>
<td><p>to be</p></td>
<td><p>sum</p></td>
<td><p>es</p></td>
<td><p>est</p></td>
<td><p>sumus</p></td>
<td><p>estis</p></td>
<td><p>sunt</p></td>
<td><p>es</p></td>
<td><p>este</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>fieri</p></td>
<td><p>to become</p></td>
<td><p>fio</p></td>
<td><p>fis</p></td>
<td><p>fit</p></td>
<td><p>fimus</p></td>
<td><p>fitis</p></td>
<td><p>fiunt</p></td>
<td><p>fi</p></td>
<td><p>fite</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>velle</p></td>
<td><p>to wish</p></td>
<td><p>volo</p></td>
<td><p>vis</p></td>
<td><p>vult</p></td>
<td><p>volumus</p></td>
<td><p>vultis</p></td>
<td><p>volunt</p></td>
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>malle</p></td>
<td><p>to prefer</p></td>
<td><p>malo</p></td>
<td><p>mavis</p></td>
<td><p>mavult</p></td>
<td><p>malumus</p></td>
<td><p>mavultis</p></td>
<td><p>malunt</p></td>
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>nolle</p></td>
<td><p>to be unwilling</p></td>
<td><p>nolo</p></td>
<td><p>non vis</p></td>
<td><p>non vult</p></td>
<td><p>nolumus</p></td>
<td><p>non vultis</p></td>
<td><p>nolunt</p></td>
<td><p>noli*</p></td>
<td><p>nolite</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>ferre*</p></td>
<td><p>to carry</p></td>
<td><p>fero</p></td>
<td><p>fers</p></td>
<td><p>fert</p></td>
<td><p>ferimus</p></td>
<td><p>fertis</p></td>
<td><p>ferunt</p></td>
<td><p>fer</p></td>
<td><p>ferte</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><I>The imperatives noli and nolite are used to mean "don't", eg.
"nolite ire" = "don't go!"</I><br />
<I>Sometimes ferre is considered to be an 'o' stem 3rd conjugation verb.
For practical purposes ferre is irregular.</I></p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Exercise 1

## Exercise 2

1\. Decline the following five nouns in both singular and plural number
in the five common cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative,
ablative):

  -----------------------------------
  `<B>`{=html}Singular`</B>`{=html}
  Nominative
  Accusative
  Genitive
  Dative
  Ablative
  `<B>`{=html}Plural`</B>`{=html}
  Nominative
  Accusative
  Genitive
  Dative
  Ablative
  -----------------------------------

2\. Conjugate the verb \'servāre\' in both singular and plural number
and all three persons.

3\. Conjugate the verb \'esse\', in both singular and plural number and
all three persons.

4\. Translate:

Nota Bene: Often Latin uses the present to indicate a \'vivid past\'. It
would be suitable to translate the following passage in the past tense.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   `<span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:small;">`{=html}Latin`</span>`{=html}
                                       **heri**
                                   **taberna, -ae**
                                    **solea, -ae**
                                       **sic**
                                  **solus, -a, -um**
                                    **casa, -ae**
                            **sto, stare, steti, statum**
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Heri, ad tabernam eō. In tabernā sunt trēs rēs quārum amō duas sōleās et
unam mensam. Habeō trēs denariōs, sīc ego emeō mensam sōlum quod sum nōn
dīvīnitās. Hodiē, mensa est in casā meā. In triclīnio stat.

