# Wrażenia zmysłowe i spostrzeganie

## Wprowadzenie

Wyobraź sobie, że stoisz na rogu ulic. Dostrzegasz wszechobecny ruch samochodów i ludzi udających się w sobie tylko znanych kierunkach, słyszysz dźwięk melodii wygrywanej przez ulicznego grajka lub sygnał klaksonu rozlegający się w oddali, dociera do ciebie zapach spalin i jedzenia sprzedawanego w pobliżu oraz czujesz twardość chodnika pod stopami.
Polegamy na naszych układach zmysłowych, które przekazują nam istotne informacje o otoczeniu. Wykorzystujemy je, aby poruszać się w środowisku i wchodzić z nim w interakcje, aby znaleźć pożywienie, schronienie, podtrzymywać stosunki towarzyskie i unikać potencjalnie niebezpiecznych sytuacji.
Ten rozdział opisuje pokrótce, w jaki sposób informacje zmysłowe są odbierane i przetwarzane przez układ nerwowy i w jaki sposób wpływa to na świadome doświadczanie świata. Zaczniemy od rozróżnienia dwóch pojęć: „wrażeń zmysłowych” i „spostrzegania”. Następnie opiszemy fizyczne właściwości bodźców wzrokowych i słuchowych oraz podstawowe struktury i funkcje głównych układów zmysłowych. Pod koniec rozdziału omówimy ważną z historycznego punktu widzenia teorię spostrzegania zwaną „psychologią postaci” ().

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