Chii chakanga chiri Chibvumirano cheTordesillas?
Context:Muna 1383, John I weCastile, murume waBeatrice wePortugal nomukwasha waFerdinand I wePortugal, akati ndiye aizova mambo wePortugal. Boka revakuru vakuru vaduku uye vanhuwo zvavo, vaitungamirirwa naJohn weAviz (akazova Mambo John I wePortugal) uye vaitungamirirwa naGeneral Nuno Álvares Pereira vakakunda vaCastilian muHondo yeAljubarrota. Nokurwisana uku, Imba yaAviz yakava imba inotonga yePortugal.  Mhuri itsva yaitonga yaizoenderera mberi nekusundira Portugal kumira pamberi pezvematongerwo enyika netsika dzeEurope, ichigadzira nekutsigira mabasa ezvinyorwa, akadai seCrónicas d'el Rei D. João I naFernão Lopes, bhuku rekutanga rekutasva uye rekuvhima Livro da ensinança de bem cavalgar toda sela uye O Loal Conselheiro zvese naMambo Edward wePortugal uye shanduro dzechiPutukezi dzeCicero's De Oficiis uye Seneca's De Beneficiis naPrince Peter weCoimbra akafamba zvakanyanya, pamwe ne magnum opus yake Tratado da Vertuosa Benfeytoria. Munhamburiko yokusimbisa nokudzora simba roumambo, madzimambo edzinza iri akarayirawo kuunganidzwa, kurongwa uye kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa zvitatu zvokutanga zvemitemo muPortugal: Ordenações d'el Rei D. Duarte, iyo isina kumbobvira yaitwa; Ordenações Afonsinas, iyo kushandiswa kwayo nekusimbiswa kwakanga kusina kufanana muumambo hwose; uye Ordenações Manuelinas, iyo yakashandisa mukana wokudhinda kusvika kumativi ose oumambo. Dzinza raAvis rakatsigirawo mabasa okuvaka akadai seMosteiro da Batalha (chaizvoizvo, Monastery of the Battle) uye rakatungamirira kusikwa kworudzi rweManueline rwokuvaka muzana remakore rechi16.  Portugal yakatungamirirawo kuEurope pakuongorora nyika uye muNguva Yokutsvakurudza. Muchinda Henry the Navigator, mwanakomana waMambo John I wePortugal, akava mutsigiri mukuru nomubatsiri weiri basa. Munguva iyi, Portugal yakaongorora Gungwa reAtlantic, ikawana zvitsuwa zveAtlantic Azores, Madeira, uye Cape Verde; yakaongorora mhenderekedzo yeAfrica; yakatorwa nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzeAfrica; yakawana nzira yekumabvazuva kuenda kuIndia kuburikidza neCape of Good Hope; yakawana Brazil, yakaongorora Gungwa reIndia, yakatanga nzira dzekutengeserana munzvimbo dzakawanda dzokumaodzanyemba kweAsia; uye yakatumira kutengeserana kwokutanga kwegungwa kweEurope kwakananga uye mamishinari kuChina neJapan.  Muna 1415, Portugal yakawana nyika yayo yokutanga yokumwe nokukunda Ceuta, nzvimbo yokutanga yaibudirira yokutengeserana kwechiIslam muNorth Africa. Ikoko kwakatevera kuwanwa kwokutanga muAtlantic: Madeira neAzores, izvo zvakatungamirira kunhamburiko dzokutanga dzokukoloniza.  Muna 1422, nomurayiro waMambo John I, Portugal yakasiya nenzira yepamutemo gadziriro yekare yokuverenga nguva, Nguva yaKesari, ndokugamuchira gadziriro yeAnno Domini, nokudaro ichiva umambo hwekupedzisira hweKaturike kuita kudaro.   Mumakore ekuma1500, vaPutukezi vakafamba nemumhenderekedzo dzegungwa muAfrica, vachigadzira nzvimbo dzokutengesera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvaishandiswa panguva iyoyo, zvakadai segoridhe uye varanda, vachitsvaka nzira yokuenda kuIndia nezvinonhuhwirira zvayo, izvo zvaidiwa chaizvo kuEurope.  Chibvumirano cheTordesillas, chaiva nechinangwa chokugadzirisa kusawirirana kwakanga kwavapo pashure pokudzoka kwaChristopher Columbus, chakaitwa naPapa Alexander VI, murevereri pakati pePortugal neSpain. Yakasainwa musi wa7 June 1494, uye yakakamura nyika itsva dzakanga dzichangobva kuwanikwa kunze kweEurope pakati penyika mbiri dzacho dzakapoteredza meridian 370 leagues kumadokero kwezvitsuwa zveCape Verde (kure nemhenderekedzo yokumadokero yeAfrica).   Muna 1498, Vasco da Gama akaita zvainge zvakarongwa naColumbus uye akava munhu wokutanga wokuEurope kusvika kuIndia nomugungwa, achiunza kubudirira mune zvoupfumi kuPortugal nevanhu vayo vane mamiriyoni 1,7, uye achibatsira kutanga Renaissance yokuPortugal. Muna 1500, muongorori wechiPutukezi Gaspar Corte-Real akasvika munharaunda yava kunzi Canada uye akatanga guta rePortugal Cove-St. Philip's, Newfoundland neLabrador, nguva refu pamberi pevaFrench neChirungu muzana ramakore rechi17, uye ichingova chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvakatorwa nePortugal muAmerica.  Muna 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral akawana Brazil ndokuiti yaiva yePortugal. Makore gumi gare gare, Afonso de Albuquerque akakunda Goa muIndia, Muscat neOrmuz muPersian Strait, uye Malacca, zvino yava nyika iri muMalaysia. Saka umambo hwePortugal ndihwo hwaiva nesimba pakutengeserana muIndian Ocean neSouth Atlantic. Vafambisi vengarava vokuPortugal vakatanga rwendo rwokuenda kuEast Asia vachienda nechokumabvazuva vachibva kuEurope, vachienda kunzvimbo dzakadai seTaiwan, Japan, chitsuwa cheTimor, uye muzvitsuwa zveMoluccas.  Kunyange zvazvo kwenguva refu zvaifungidzirwa kuti vaDutch ndivo vakanga vari vokuEurope vokutanga kusvika muAustralia, panewo humwe uchapupu hwokuti vaPutukezi vangave vakawana Australia muna 1521. Kubva muna 1519 kusvika muna 1522, Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) akaronga kuti vaSpanish vaende kuEast Indies izvo zvakaguma nokufamba nengarava kwokutanga kwenyika yose. Magellan haana kuzombodzokera kuEurope sezvo akaurayiwa nevazvarwa vomuPhilippines muna 1521.  Chibvumirano cheZaragoza, chakasainwa musi wa22 April 1529 pakati pePortugal neSpain, chakatsanangura anti-meridian kumutsetse wekuparadzanisa wakatsanangurwa muChibvumirano cheTordesillas.  Zvinhu zvose izvi zvakaita kuti Portugal ive imwe yenyika dzaiva nesimba zvikuru mune zveupfumi, zvechiuto, uye zvematongerwe enyika kubvira muzana remakore rechi15 kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16.
Christopher Columbus paakadzoka, Portugal neSpain dzakatanga kunetsana, Pope Alexander VI achibva aita kuti pave neChibvumirano cheTordesillas. Maererano nechibvumirano ichi, nyika dzichangobva kuwanikwa dziri mhiri kweEurope dzinogoverwa pakati penyika mbiri idzi dzichitevedza muganhu uri makiromita anenge 300 kumadokero kwezvitsuwa zveCape Verde.