Yayiyini i-Manhattan Project phakathi neMpi Yezwe II?
Context:Ngo-June 1942, iButho LaseMelika lasungula i-Manhattan Project ukuze liphathe ingxenye yalo kuphrojekthi yebhomu le-athomu futhi laqala inqubo yokudlulisela umthwalo wemfanelo ovela eHhovisi Lokucwaninga Kwezesayensi Nokuthuthukiswa kwezempi. Ngo-September, uGroves wamiswa njengomqondisi walokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i - Manhattan Project. Wakhetha u-Oppenheimer ukuba abe umholi we-laboratory yezikhali eyimfihlo yalo msebenzi. Lokhu kukhetha kwamangaza abaningi, ngoba u-Oppenheimer wayenemibono yezombangazwe engakwesobunxele futhi engenalo irekhodi njengomholi wamaphrojekthi amakhulu. UGroves wayekhathazwa iqiniso lokuthi u-Oppenheimer wayengenayo iNobel Prize futhi kungenzeka ukuthi wayengenalo udumo lokuqondisa abanye ososayensi. Kodwa wahlatshwa umxhwele ukuqonda kuka-Oppenheimer okuyingqayizivele kwezici ezingokoqobo zokuklama nokwakha ibhomu le-athomu nangobubanzi bolwazi lwakhe. Njengonjiniyela wezempi, uGroves wayazi ukuthi lokhu kwakuyoba okubalulekile kuphrojekthi ehlanganisa izihloko ezihlukahlukene eyayingahlanganisi nje kuphela isayensi yezinto zemvelo, kodwa futhi nesayensi yamakhemikhali, yokusansimbi, yezikhali nezobunjiniyela. UGrooves waphinde wathola ku-Oppenheimer okuthile abanye abaningi ababengakwenzanga, "isifiso esibi kakhulu" uGrooves acabanga ukuthi sizonikeza umfutho odingekayo wokushayela iphrojekthi esiphethweni esiphumelelayo. U-Isidor Rabi wabheka lokhu kuqokwa "njengokushaywa ubuhlakani beqiniso kuGeneral Groves, owayengabhekwa njengobuhlakani".
I - Manhattan Project yayiwuhlelo lokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa olwasungulwa amasosha ase - United States phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili ukuze kukhiqizwe izikhali zokuqala zenuzi. Isazi sesayensi yenuzi uRobert Oppenheimer wayengumqondisi weLos Alamos Laboratory eyaklama amabhomu angempela. Ekuqaleni uLeslie Groves wayengakholelwa ukuthi u-Oppenheimer angahola abanye ososayensi, kodwa wahlatshwa umxhwele ukuthi u-Oppenheimer wayenokuqonda okuphelele kwalolu daba ukuze aqondise lokhu ekubeni ibhomu le-athomu elibonakalayo langempela. Ngenxa yokuthi le ndaba yayiphathelene nezifundo ezihlukahlukene, u-Oppenheimer wayezimisele kakhulu ukuba iphrojekthi yakhe iqedwe.