Dǎɣ santo ən təbiɗawt taqalat, alil 3 ən tiditen fal əmik wan 16e təmotayen aqalnat atiwakyadan əd atiwakyadan.
Context:Amutti n achareɣa n addawla ijja s tizarat Senator Norris Brown wan Nebraska Ijja issin addabara tan, addabara tan win 25 d 39 n senate Amendaɣ wa hin ijrawan daɣ samando eqqal Senate Joint Resolution No. 40 ijja Senator Nelson W. Aldrich wan Rhode Island, emanahal n senate wan ijjit d emanahal n commission tan azruf Amendaɣ eqal atiwagan sund ašrut ən magrad dǎɣ Congrès fal 1909 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act; dǎɣ təzart ən amendaɣ, Aldrich erha as anilkaman ən alwaq wahanen ye adabaratan wi amutayan fal asisiɣir ən takrəten aynaynen dǎɣ ašareɣa wan tariɗ. Aldrich d imuzaran iyyad n alisteɣmar daɣ Congress ikf-an muchakil hullan i amukin n amutti n achareɣa mucham ordahan as ila tudabat andarrat i amukin fal as amukin azilzam s karad daɣ akkoz n tijittawen tin addawla  Daɣ ayor wan 12 n ayor wan awzem wan awzem wan 1909, addabara wa eɣnan amutti wan 16 eɣna Congress tolas eqqal i tijittawen tin addawla Tadhilt i taxxa fal riba taqqal a assohen daɣ addawla tan win ataram d emaynag as ijja awen anmichray eqqal a assohen daɣ addawla tan win tamasna n alqiblat Addinat wi ijjan taxxa fal riba ordan as eqqal immik n asidu n azruf ojjaran hullan win tarif tan aqqalan edag ezzaran n azruf daɣ azzaman wen Darat awatay wan 1894, Democrats, Progressives, Populists d ichrutan iyyad n majrad allaɣen as tarif tan idasan hullan addinat wi ijjanen derhan nasan, amchaken daɣ alqim tan, war n addobat akayad tolas aqqalan almaɣna andarran n al-aqtisad Kel emaynaj d ataram ijjan ad asidu n azruf fal as addinat nasan war n ila assahat hullan, aqqalan a ilan assahat hullan daɣ tiwijas tolas a oharan amutti n alqim tan n ilalan Tiw-at maqqorat n alqim wan tamudre jir awatay wan 1897 d 1913 issewad hullan tadhilt i ta-ite tan azruf n azruf eha aɣrim daɣ alqiblat " Ijjit n addinat ajjotnen n Republican tan issintan id aɣabal n ta-ite ten, hullan Theodore Roosevelt d "Insurgent" Republican tan (addobat nen ad aqqilan Progressive Party) Republican tan win ijjan hullan fal tigdaht n assahaten n militer tan maqqornen tolas assohat nen n Japon, Britania d addawla tan tin Eroba, araman nasan win alisteɣmar d derhan n ag-az n bato tan tin mamala n Amerik Hak id ijja awen, Republican tan win amšarɣalan iknanen aɣil as alxakum tan win ammas addoben ad alxdaman edag olaɣan daɣ aqtisad wan addawla Alxakum maqqoran d militer maqqoran, allaɣen, azilzam id edag n azruf maqqoran d amichalnen i asidu net  Aśahat wan 16e təmotayen eqal aygan dǎɣ təmuqunen ən républicainetan fal aratan nasan ogarnen aśahat ən mašanšan, ahuskat as waden intanedǎɣ winan eqel amosan aśahat ən aniyat wa maqaran ən taxare ən nadag ən harkuk. Daɣ 1910, emanahad wan New York Charles Evans Hughes, darat as eqal emanahad ən taɣare ta togarat təmɣire, iga tənna fal amutayan ən taxare tan azruf. "Hughes idhal s ta-ite tan azruf n azruf n addawla mucham orda as majrad wan ""s almaɣna fuk wa id izjar"" daɣ amutti wa ijja addabara ijja s alxakum n addawla ad ila assahat n azruf n addawla d tiɣir tin aɣrim" " Erdaɣ as awen ad eqqil asassaɣor n assahat n alxakum tolas " ad eqqil a war n addobat alxakum a ijra harat fuk"  Daɣ awatay wan 1909 d wan 1913, talɣiwen ajjotnen ijjanen i amukin n Amendment wan 16 Inflation taqqal a ojjaran tolas ajjotnen allaɣat nen as tariff tan win addawla aqqal nen fal alqim tan wi iddarnen Parti wan Republican izlay tolas ifnaz fal iban Roosevelt d Insurgents wi osaɣnen Progressive Party, muchakil eqqalan a eɣchadan muchakil daɣ alqiblat Daɣ 1912, Democrat tan iknan tanaya d awikkal n issin ihanan n Congress Addawla taqqal daɣ almaɣna n majrad s addinat n Socialist Party ikrachan edag daɣ ehan wan senator tan n Amrik daɣ awatay wan 1910 d awadim wa ehan edag n alxakum n parti idhal s 6% n tefranen tin addinat daɣ awatay wan 1912  Karadat imuzaran ən taxxa tan azruf ən əhollontan əgrawan dǎɣ təfranen tən tənayiwen ən 1912. Daɣ ayor wan 28 n ayor wan karad daɣ awatay wan 1913, Secretary wan addawla Philander Knox allaɣat as amutti eɣna s karad daɣ akkoz n addawla tan tolas eqqal achrut n achareɣa wan addawla Achareɣa wan Revenue wan 1913, s afanaz net hullan n tarif tan tolas eɣna id taxxa fal riba tan addawla, eqqal a ehan darat amukin n Amendment wan 16
Iddikud n 16 n amutti i achareɣa wan Amrik ijja daɣ Congress daɣ awatay wan 1909 tolas ijja daɣ addawla tan daɣ awatay wan 1913 eha: 1. azuk wan alɣalim Democrat tan d Progressives ordahan as taxxa tan riba taqqal immik n iji n riba olaɣan fal tarif tan (tax tan fal ijjuch d asukni n ilalan) 2. azuk wan issin Addawla tan win ataram d win emaynag iknanat titbaqqa fal alqim tan n ilalan wi idasnen alqim tan tolas assofan immik iyyan n azruf 3. azuk wan issin Republican tan iknan anmizlay fal as war eha ach-ak meɣ aɣid n amutti