Bhala uhlu lwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zeProperty Intellectual. Bhala imiphumela ngezimpawu ezihlukaniswe ngamakhoma.
Context:Impahla yengqondo (IP) isigaba sempahla esihlanganisa indalo engabonakali yengqondo yomuntu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zempahla enobuhlakani, futhi amanye amazwe ayazi ngaphezu kwamanye. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ama-patent, amalungelo obunikazi, izimpawu zokuhweba, nezimfihlo zokuhweba. Umqondo wanamuhla wempahla engokwengqondo wasungulwa eNgilandi ngekhulu le-17 nele-18. Igama elithi "intellectual property" laqala ukusetshenziswa ngekhulu le-19, nakuba kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho impahla engokwengqondo yaba yinto evamile ezimisweni eziningi zomthetho zomhlaba.  Injongo eyinhloko yomthetho wempahla engokwengqondo ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziningi ezingokwengqondo. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, umthetho unikeza abantu namabhizinisi amalungelo empahla yolwazi nempahla engokwengqondo abayidalile, ngokuvamile isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Lokhu kunikeza isikhuthazo sezomnotho ekudalweni kwazo, ngoba kuvumela abantu ukuba bazuze olwazini nasezimpahla ezingokwengqondo abazidalayo, futhi kubavumela ukuba bavikele imibono yabo futhi bavimbele ukukopishwa. Lezi zikhuthazo zezomnotho kulindeleke ukuba zikhuthaze ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha futhi zifake isandla entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe yamazwe, okuxhomeke ebangeni lokuvikelwa okunikezwe abasunguli.  Isimo esingokwenyama sempahla yengqondo siveza ubunzima uma siqhathaniswa nempahla yendabuko efana nomhlaba noma izimpahla. Ngokungafani nempahla yendabuko, impahla yobuhlakani "ayinakwahlukaniswa", ngoba inani elingenamkhawulo labantu lingakwazi "ukusebenzisa" impahla yobuhlakani ngaphandle kokuthi iphele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni zobuhlakani kunezinkinga zokuzithathela: Abanikazi bomhlaba bangazungeza umhlaba wabo ngothango oluqinile futhi baqashe onogada abahlomile ukuba bawuvikele, kodwa abakhiqizi bezindaba noma izincwadi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukwenza okuningi ukuvimbela umthengi wabo wokuqala ukuba awulingise futhi awuthengise ngentengo ephansi. Ukulinganisa amalungelo ukuze abe namandla ngokwanele okukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwempahla yengqondo kodwa angabi namandla kangangokuba avimbele ukusetshenziswa kwempahla kabanzi kungumgomo oyinhloko womthetho wanamuhla wempahla yengqondo.
amalungelo obunikazi, amalungelo obunikazi, izimpawu zokuhweba, izimfihlo zokuhweba