Bhala uhlu lwamagesi ayisithupha atholakala ngokwemvelo.
Context:Amagesi amahle (ngokomlando futhi amagesi angenamsebenzi; kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-aerogens) akha isigaba sezakhi zamakhemikhali ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo; ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, zonke zingama-gas angenaphunga, angenambala, ama-monatomic ane-chemical reactivity ephansi kakhulu. Amagesi ayisithupha atholakala ngokwemvelo yi - helium (He), i - neon (Ne), i - argon (Ar), i - krypton (Kr), i - xenon (Xe), ne - radon enemisebe (Rn). I-Oganesson (Og) iyinto ekhiqizwa ngokwenziwa enomsakazo kakhulu. Yize i-IUPAC isebenzise igama elithi "igesi ehloniphekile" ngokushintshana nelithi "iqembu 18" futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifaka i-oganesson, kungenzeka ingabi yinhle kakhulu ngokwamakhemikhali futhi kulindeleke ukuthi yephule ukuthambekela futhi iphendule ngenxa yemiphumela yobudlelwano. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokupheliswa kwengxenye engu- 0, 7 ms ye- isotope yayo kuphela eyaziwayo, ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali akukacwaningwa. Ezinkathini zokuqala eziyisithupha zetafula lezikhathi, amagesi ayigugu angamalungu eqembu le-18. Ngokuvamile amagesi amahle awaphenduli kakhulu ngaphandle uma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. I-inertness yamagesi ayigugu iwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho kungafuneki khona ukusabela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-argon isetshenziswa kumalambu akhanyayo ukuze kuvinjelwe i-filament ye-tungsten eshisayo ukuba ingabi ne-oxidizing; futhi, i-helium isetshenziswa ekuphefumuleni igesi ngabacukuzi basolwandle ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuthi be-oxygen, i-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide. Izici zamagesi ayigugu zingachazwa kahle ngemibono yesimanje yesakhiwo se-athomu: Igobolondo lawo elingaphandle lama-electron e-valence libhekwa "njengegcwele", okubenza babe nokuthambekela okuncane kokubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, futhi kuye kwenzeka ukulungiselela amakhemikhali angamakhulu ambalwa kuphela amagesi ayigugu. Amaphuzu okuncibilikisa nawokubilisa egesi ethile eyigugu asondelene, ahluke ngaphansi kuka-10 °C (18 °F); okungukuthi, anguketshezi ebangeni lokushisa elincane kuphela. I-neon, i-argon, i-krypton, ne-xenon zitholakala emoyeni esikhungweni sokuhlukanisa umoya kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuncibilikisa amagesi kanye nokwehliswa okuyingxenye. I-helium itholakala emikhakheni yegesi yemvelo enokugxila okuphezulu kwe-helium kugesi yemvelo, kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlukanisa igesi e-cryogenic, kanti i-radon ivame ukuhlukaniswa nokubola kwe-radioactive ye-radium, i-thorium, noma i-uranium compounds. Amagesi ayigugu anezicelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezinjengokukhanyisa, ukushisela nokuhlola umkhathi. Igesi yokuphefumula i-helium-oxygen ivame ukusetshenziswa abacukuzi basolwandle ekujuleni kwamanzi olwandle ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-55. Ngemva kokuba ingozi ebangelwa ukusha kwe - hydrogen ibonakale enhlekeleleni yaseHindenburg, yathathelwa indawo i - helium ezindizeni nasemabhaluni.
Amagesi ayisithupha atholakala ngokwemvelo yilawa: 1. Izinkomo I-Helium (I-He) 2. Izingelosi I-Neon (Ne) 3. Izindaba Ezinhle I-Argon (Ar) 4. Izidakamizwa I-Krypton (Kr) 5. Izingelosi I-Xenon (Xe) Isiyisithupha. I-Radon (Rn)