Uchishandisa mienzaniso yakatorwa kubva mundima, ipa njodzi huru kuvanhu nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mune ipfupi rondedzero yemabhajeti
Context:Migumisiro yokushanduka kwemamiriro okunze iri kukanganisa vanhu munyika yose. Zvikanganiso zvino zvinogona kucherechedzwa pamakondinendi ose nenzvimbo dzomugungwa, nenzvimbo dzakaderera, dzisina kunyatsokura dzinotarisana nengozi huru. Kuenderera mberi kwekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuva ne"zvakakomba, zvinopararira uye zvisingachinjiki" pavanhu nemasikirwo. Ngozi dzacho dzakapararira zvisina kuenzana, asi dzinowanzova dzakakura nokuda kwavanhu vasina kubetserwa vari munyika dzichiri kubudirira uye dzakabudirira.  WHO yakarondedzera kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze sokutyisidzira utano hwepasi pose kukuru kwazvo muzana remakore rechi21. Mamiriro okunze akaipa anokonzera kukuvara uye kufa, uye kukundikana kukohwa kunoguma nokushomeka kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira zvinopararira zviri nyore munzvimbo dzinodziya, zvakadai sedengue fever nemarariya. Vana vaduku ndivo vanonyanya kutambura nokushomeka kwezvokudya. Vose vari vaviri vana navanhu vakura vanokanganiswa nokupisa kwakanyanyisa. Sangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO) rakafungidzira kuti pakati pa2030 na2050, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuchakonzera kufa kwevanhu vanenge 250 000 gore negore. Vakaongorora kufa kwevanhu vakwegura nemhaka yekupisa, kuwanda kwechirwere chetsvo, marariya, dengue, mafashamo emumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kwevana. Vanhu vakuru vanopfuura 500 000 vanofungidzirwa kuti vachafa gore negore panosvika 2050 nemhaka yokuderera kwezvokudya uye kunaka kwazvo. Pakazosvika 2100, vanhu vari pakati pe50% ne75% pasi rose vangatarisana nemamiriro ekunze anogona kutyisidzira upenyu nemhaka yekupisa kwakanyanya uye unyoro.  Shanduko yemamiriro okunze iri kukanganisa kuchengeteka kwezvokudya. Kwakakonzera kuderera kwezvibereko zvenyika yose zvechibage, gorosi, uye soya pakati pa1981 na2010. Kupisa kwomunguva yemberi kungaderedzazve goho renyika yose rezvirimwa zvikuru. Zvichida kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kuchakanganiswa munyika dzine nzvimbo dzakaderera, nepo migumisiro iri munzvimbo dzokuchamhembe ingava yakanaka kana kuti yakaipa. Vamwe vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 183 munyika yose, kunyanya vaya vane mari shoma, vari pangozi yokuziya nenzara pamusana pemigumisiro iyi. Shanduko yemamiriro okunze inokanganisawo hove. Munyika yose, hove shoma dzichatorwa. Nzvimbo dzinotsamira pamvura yegirazi, nzvimbo dzatova dzakaoma, uye zvitsuwa zviduku zvine ngozi yakakura yokushayikwa kwemvura nemhaka yokushanduka kwemamiriro okunze.  Kukanganiswa kweupfumi kunokonzerwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunogona kuva kwakakomba uye kune mukana wemigumisiro inokuvadza. Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunenge kwatowedzera kusaruramisira mune zveupfumi munyika yose, uye zvinonzi izvi zvicharamba zvichiitika. Zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvikuru zvinotarisirwa muAfrica iri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, uko vagari vomunzvimbomo vakawanda vanotsamira pazvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvokurima, uye muSouth-East Asia. World Bank inofungidzira kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kungakonzera kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 120 vave varombo panosvika 2030.  Kusaenzana kwazvino kwakavakirwa papfuma uye chinzvimbo munzanga kwakawedzera nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvinetso zvikuru mukuderedza, kuchinjika, uye kupora mukukanganiswa kwemamiriro okunze zvinotarisana nevanhu vakasarudzwa avo vane kudzora kushoma pamusoro pezviwanikwa. Vanhu vemarudzi avo, avo vanorarama nenyika yavo nemararamiro avo, vachatarisana nenjodzi pautano hwavo nemararamiro avo nemhaka yokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Ongororo yakaitwa nenyanzvi yakaratidza kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze hakuna kunyanya kukanganisa hondo kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvakadai sokusaenzana mune zveupfumi uye simba rehurumende.  Zvitsuwa zvakaderera uye vanhu vanogara pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa vari kutyisidzirwa nokukwira kwegungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti mafashamo awanzoitika. Dzimwe nguva, nyika inorasikirwa zvachose negungwa. Ikoku kwaigona kutungamirira kukuva vasina nyika kwavanhu vari munyika dzezvitsuwa, zvakadai seMaldives neTuvalu. Mune dzimwe nharaunda, kuwedzera kwetembiricha nounyoro kungava kwakanyanya zvokuti vanhu havagoni kuchinjika. Kana mamiriro okunze akachinja zvakanyanya, mienzaniso inoratidza kuti inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu chinogona kurarama munzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru uye dzisingagariki, dzakafanana nemamiriro okunze aripo iye zvino muSahara. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutama kunokonzerwa nemhoteredzo, mukati menyika uye pakati penyika. Vanhu vakawanda vanotarisirwa kuti vachabva munzvimbo dzavo nemhaka yokukwira kwegungwa, mamiriro okunze akaipa, uye kurwisana kunokonzerwa nokukwikwidzana kunowedzera nokuda kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Shanduko yemamiriro okunze inogonawo kuwedzera kusagadzikana, zvichitungamirira ku"vanhu vakabatwa" vasingakwanisi kufamba nemhaka yokushayikwa kwemari.
- Kutyisidzira kukuru utano hwenyika yose nemhaka yemamiriro okunze akaipisisa, kushomeka kwezvirimwa, uye kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvinotapukira (zvinopfuudzwa nyore nyore mumamiriro okunze anodziya)  - Migumisiro yokuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya nemhaka yokuderedzwa kwezvibereko zvezvirimwa uye migumisiro yezvibereko zvehove  - Kukuvadzwa kweupfumi kunokonzerwa nemamiriro okunze akashata uye kukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvekurima  - Kuwedzera kweupfumi uye kusaenzana mune zveupfumi sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisa vanhu vakasarudzika vanovimba nenyika uye zvipenyu zvinoenderana nazvo