Yiziphi izinto eziyinhloko zokuphefumula ezisetshenziselwa ukubhukuda
Context:Imishini yokuphefumula Isihloko esiyinhloko: I-Scuba set  Umcukuzi wokuzilibazisa egqoka isethi yakhe yokucwila ngaphambi kokucwila Imishini echazayo esetshenziswa ngumuntu ogwedla ngaphansi kwamanzi yi-scuba eponymous, umshini wokuphefumula ongaphansi kwamanzi ovumela ukuthi umuntu ogwedlayo aphefumule ngenkathi egwedla, futhi uthuthwa ngumuntu ogwedlayo. Kuvame ukubizwa nangokuthi isethi yokucwila.  Njengoba umuntu ehla, ngaphezu kwengcindezi evamile yasemkhathini ebusweni, amanzi enza ingcindezi eyandayo ye-hydrostatic cishe engu-1 bar (14.7 amakhilogremu ngamasentimitha ayisikwele) kuwo wonke amamitha ayi-10 (33 izinyawo) okujula. Ingcindezi yokuphefumula kufanele ilingane nengcindezi ezungezile noma ezungezile ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqhuma okulawulwayo kwamaphaphu. Kuba cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuphefumula umoya ngokucindezela okuvamile komkhathi ngeshubhu elingaphansi kwamamitha amathathu ngaphansi kwamanzi.  Ukucwilisa okuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isigamu semaski esimboza amehlo kanye nekhala lomuntu ocwilisayo, kanye nomlomo wokuhambisa igesi yokuphefumula kusuka ku-valve yokufuna noma i-breather. Ukuphefumula ngomlomo womlawuli kuba yinto evamile ngokushesha okukhulu. Elinye ilungiselelo elijwayelekile liyisembozo sobuso esigcwele esivala amehlo, ikhala nomlomo, futhi ngokuvamile sivumela umcukuzi ukuba aphefumule ngamakhala. Abacukuzi abaqeqeshiwe bavame ukusebenzisa izifihla-buso ezivikela ubuso, ezivikela indlela yokuphefumula yomcukuzi uma equleka.  Isifunda esivulekile Isihloko esiyinhloko: I-diving regulator  I-Aqualung Legend isigaba sesibili (i-valve yokufuna) isilawuli  Umlawuli wesigaba sokuqala se-Aqualung  Ikhompyutha ye-Gekko yokuntywila enesilinganiso sokucindezela nekhampasi  Isibonisi sokulinganisa ingcindezi se-Suunto I - open circuit scuba ayinakho ukuhlinzekelwa kokusebenzisa igesi yokuphefumula izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngokuphefumula. Igesi ephefumulwayo evela kumishini yokuntywila iphonswa endaweni ezungezile, noma kwesinye isikhathi iye kwenye into yemishini ngenhloso ekhethekile, imvamisa ukukhulisa amandla okuphakamisa wedivayisi yokuphakamisa efana ne-buoyancy compensator, i-inflatable surface marker buoy noma isikhwama esincane sokuphakamisa. Igesi yokuphefumula ngokuvamile ivela kusilinda yokudilika enengcindezi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa isilawuli se-scuba. Ngokunikeza njalo igesi yokuphefumula efanelekile ekucindezelweni kwendawo ezungezile, izilawuli ze-valve yokufuna ziqinisekisa ukuthi umshayeli angangena futhi aphume ngokwemvelo futhi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ukujula kangakanani, njengoba futhi lapho kudingeka.  Isethi ye-scuba esetshenziswa kakhulu isebenzisa i- "single-hose" evulekile yesekethe yesigaba sesibili sokudinga, exhunywe kusilinda esisodwa segesi ephezulu yokucindezela, nesigaba sokuqala esixhunywe ku-valve yesilinda nesigaba sesibili emlonyeni. Lolu hlelo luhluke ku-Émile Gagnan noJacques Cousteau's original 1942 "twin-hose" design, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Aqua-lung, lapho ingcindezi yesilinda yehliswa ingcindezi ezungezile esigabeni esisodwa noma ezimbili ezazikhona zonke ezindlini ezifakwe ku-valve yesilinda noma ku-multifold. Uhlelo "lwethumbu elilodwa" lunezinzuzo eziphawulekayo kunesistimu yokuqala yezicelo eziningi.  Emklamweni wezigaba ezimbili "wepayipi elilodwa", isilawuli sesigaba sokuqala sinciphisa ingcindezi yesilinda efinyelela kuma-bar angama-300 (4,400 psi) ingcindezi ephakathi (IP) engaba ngama-bar angama-8 kuya kwayi-10 (120 kuya ku-150 psi) ngaphezu kwengcindezi ezungezile. Isigaba sesibili sokulawula i-valve yokufunwa, esinikezwa ngombhobho ophansi ovela esigabeni sokuqala, sihambisa igesi yokuphefumula ngaphansi kwengcindezi yasemkhathini emlonyeni womcuphi. Amagesi akhishwayo akhishwa ngokuqondile emvelweni njengento elahlwayo ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokungabuyeli esakhiweni sesigaba sesibili. Isigaba sokuqala ngokuvamile sinesango elilodwa lokuphuma elihambisa igesi lapho ithangi licindezeleke ngokugcwele elixhunywe kumshini wokulinganisa ingcindezi noma ikhompyutha yokuntywila, ukukhombisa ukuthi ingakanani igesi yokuphefumula esele kusilinda.  Ukuphefumula kabusha  Umshini wokuphefumula ophehla ugesi we-Inspiration Isihloko esiyinhloko: Diving rebreather Okungajwayelekile kakhulu yi-closed circuit (CCR) kanye ne-semi-closed (SCR) rebreathers, ngokungafani namasethi wesifunda avulekile akhishwa wonke amagesi akhishwayo, acubungula konke noma ingxenye yokuphefumula ngakunye ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha ngokususa i-carbon dioxide futhi kufakwe umoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ngumuntu ocwilayo. Ama-rebreathers akhipha amabhamuza egesi ambalwa noma angabi nawo emanzini, futhi asebenzisa ivolumu yegesi egciniwe encane kakhulu, ekujuleni okulinganayo nesikhathi ngoba umoya-mpilo okhishiwe uyabuyiselwa; lokhu kunezinzuzo zocwaningo, ezempi, izithombe, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ama-rebreathers ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ayabiza kune-scuba evulekile, futhi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nokugcinwa okufanele kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphepha, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezindlela zokwehluleka okungenzeka.  Emjikelezweni ovaliwe wokuphefumula umoya umoya-mpilo ulawulwa, ngakho-ke ungagcinwa endaweni ephephile eqhubekayo, okunciphisa igesi engenamsebenzi (i-nitrogen kanye / noma i-helium) ingcindezi engxenyeni yomjikelezo wokuphefumula. Ukunciphisa umthwalo wegesi ongasebenzi wezicubu zomshayeli we-diver ngephrofayili ethile yokushona kunciphisa isibopho sokucindezela. Lokhu kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yangempela yezingxenye ngesikhathi futhi ukuze kube nempumelelo enkulu kudinga ukucutshungulwa kwe-computer yesikhathi sangempela ngekhompyutha yokunciphisa umshayeli. Ukwehliswa kwamandla kungancishiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kwegesi enesilinganiso esinqunyiwe esetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokuntywila futhi, ngenxa yalokho, abacwili bangahlala phansi isikhathi eside noma badinge isikhathi esincane sokwehliswa kwamandla. Umshini wokuphefumula wesifunda esivaliwe ufaka ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwenhlanganisela yegesi yokuphefumula engaguquguquki emjikelezweni wokuphefumula, noma uthatha indawo yephesenti elithile lomthamo ophefumulayo, ngakho-ke ingcindezi engatheni yomoya-mpilo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokudilika incike ekusetshenzisweni komoya-mpilo kanye / noma isilinganiso sokuphefumula somzimba. Ukuhlela izidingo zokwehlisa ingcindezi kudinga indlela elondolozayo kakhulu ye-SCR kunase-CCR, kodwa amakhompyutha we-decompression anokufakwa kwengcindezi engxenyeni ye-oksijini yesikhathi sangempela angalenza libe ngcono i-decompression yalezi zinhlelo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-rebreathers akhiqiza amabhamuza ambalwa kakhulu, awaphazamisi izilwane zasolwandle noma enze ukuba khona komcukuzi kwaziwe ebusweni; lokhu kuyasiza ekuthatheni izithombe ezingaphansi kwamanzi, nasemsebenzini ofihlekile.
Imishini yokuphefumula evame kakhulu yokuCwila ngaphansi kwamanzi iyinhlangano evulekile yesekethe eyodwa yeshubhu yesigaba sesibili esixhunyiwe kusilinda esisodwa segesi. Umshini ongavamile kakhulu yi-Closed Circuit noma i-Semi-Closed rebreather.