Kutasva bhasikoro remumakomo kwakatanga rini?
Context:Kupera kwema1800 Mumwe wemienzaniso yokutanga yemabhasikoro akagadziridzwa zvakananga kuti ashandiswe mumigwagwa ndeyekutsvaga kweBuffalo Soldiers kubva kuMissoula, Montana, kuenda kuYellowstone munaAugust 1896. [kushandurwa kwakakundikana]  1900s<unk>1960s Mabhasikoro aidhonzwa mumigwagwa nevanomhanya nemabhasikoro mumigwagwa avo vaishandisa cyclocross senzira yokuramba vakagwinya munguva yechando. Cyclo-cross pakupedzisira yakava mutambo uri woga mumakore ekuma1940, nehutungamiri hwenyika hwokutanga huchiitika muna 1950.  The Rough Stuff Fellowship yakatangwa muna 1955 nevatyairi vemabhasikoro muUnited Kingdom.  MuOregon muna 1966, imwe nhengo yekirabhu yeChemeketan, D. Gwynn, yakavaka bhasikoro rinotenderera mumugwagwa usina kuenzana. Akachidana kuti "bhasikoro romumakomo" nokuda kwenzvimbo yarakagadzirirwa kushandiswa. Iyi ingangova iri nguva yokutanga apo zita iroro rinoshandiswa.  MuEngland muna 1968, Geoff Apps, mutyairi wemidhudhudhu anoedza, akatanga kuedza kugadzira mabhasikoro asiri omumugwagwa. Pakazosvika 1979 akanga agadzira bhasikoro risina kurema rakagadzirwa kuti rienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu emumigwagwa ine mvura nemadhaka anowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEngland. Iwo akagadzirwa akatenderedza 2 inch x 650b Nokian matayai echando kunyangwe 700x47c (28 in.) vhezheni yakagadzirwawo. Izvi zvakatengeswa pasi pechiratidzo cheCleland Cycles kusvikira mukupera kwa1984. Mabhasikoro akavakirwa pamagadzirirwo eCleland akatengeswawo neChirungu Cycles neHighpath Engineering kusvika kutanga kwema1990.  Makore 1970-1980 Kwakanga kune mapoka anoverengeka avatasvi munharaunda dzakasiana-siana dzeU.S.A. anogona kuita kutaura kune mufungo kwokuita rutivi mukuzvarwa kwomutambo wacho. Vatyairi muCrested Butte, Colorado, neMill Valley, California, vakagadzira midhudhudhu uye vakaichinja kuti ienderane nezvinetso zvokutyaira mumugwagwa. Mabhasikoro anorema akachinjwa, mabhasikoro echinyakare a1930 na'40 Schwinn akachinjwa nemabhureki ari nani uye matai ane mafuta, akashandiswa kuti asununguke munzira dzemakomo muMarin County, California, pakati-kusvika-kumagumo kwema1970. Panguva iyoyo, kwakanga kusina mabhasikoro omumakomo. Madzitateguru ekutanga emabhasikoro emumakomo emazuva ano akanga akavakirwa pamapuranga kubva kumabhasikoro emakwikwi akadai seaya akaitwa naSchwinn. Schwinn Excelsior ndiyo yakanga yakasarudzwa nokuda kwechimiro chayo. Vatyairi vaishandisa mabhaluni akanga aneta uye vakaagadziridza nemagiya uye motokari dzomumigwagwa kana kuti dzomumigwagwa dzomumigwagwa, vachigadzira "klunkers". Izwi racho raizoshandiswawo sechiito sezvo shoko rokuti "kuchovha bhasikoro mugomo" rakanga risati rava kushandiswa. Munhu wokutanga anozivikanwa kuti akaisa kumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana uye mabhureki edhiramu kune klunker ndiRuss Mahon weCupertino, California, uyo akashandisa bhasikoro rinoguma mumakwikwi e cyclo-cross. Vatyairi vaizomhanya vachidzika mumigwagwa yomugomo yomoto, zvichiita kuti bhazi rehub ripise girisi riri mukati, zvichida kuti vatyairi vaisezve mabheyaringi. Izvi zvainzi "Repack Races" uye zvakakonzera zvitsva zvitsva mumakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi. Tamalpais muMarin CA, kuchine mugwagwa unonzi "Repack" (uchitaura nezvemakwikwi aya ekutanga). Mutambo wacho wakatanga muCalifornia paMount Tamalpais yeMarin County.  Yakanga isiri kusvikira mukupera kwema1970 uye kutanga kwema1980 kuti makambani emabhasikoro emigwagwa akatanga kugadzira mabhasikoro emakomo achishandisa zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvakareruka. Joe Breeze anowanzorumbidzwa nokuunza bhasikoro rokutanga remakomo rakagadzirirwa chinangwa muna 1978. Tom Ritchey ipapo akapfuurira kugadzira mafuremu ekambani inonzi MountainBikes, ukama pakati paGary Fisher, Charlie Kelly naTom Ritchey. Tom Ritchey, musunganidzi ane unyanzvi hwokuvaka furemu, akavakawo mabhasikoro okutanga. Vabatiri vatatu vekambani pakupedzisira vakaparadza ukama hwavo, uye kambani yakava Fisher Mountain Bikes, apo Tom Ritchey akatanga chitoro chake chefuremu.  Mabhasikoro okutanga omumakomo akanga ari magadziriro emabhasikoro omumugwagwa (ane mapaipi anorema uye geometry yakasiyana) ane chimiro chakafara uye forogo kubvumira matai akafara. Mbariro dzacho dzaivawo dzakasiyana pakuti dzaiva dzakatwasuka, dzakanyatsogadziriswa, panzvimbo pembariro dzakadonha, dzakakombama dzinowanzoshandiswa pamabhasikoro emumigwagwa. Uyewo, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvaiva pamabhasikoro omumakomo okutanga kugadzirwa zvaitorwa pabhasikoro reBMX. Vamwe vakapa mipiro vaiva Otis Guy naKeith Bontrager.  Tom Ritchey akavaka wokutanga nguva dzose kuwanika gomo bhasikoro puranga, iyo accessorized kubudikidza Gary Fisher uye Charlie Kelly uye akatengeswa nekambani yavo inonzi MountainBikes (akazochinja kuna Fisher Mountain Bikes, ipapo yakatengwa Trek, vachiri pasi zita Gary Fisher, pari kutengeswa sezvo Trek kuti "Gary Fisher Collection"). Mabhasikoro maviri okutanga okuberekerwa mumakomo akatengeswa mukutanga kwema1980: Specialized Stumpjumper uye Univega Alpina Pro. Muna 1988, The Great Mountain Biking Video yakabudiswa, ikakurumidza kuteverwa nevamwe. Muna 2007, Klunkerz: A Film About Mountain Bikes yakabudiswa, ichinyora nhoroondo yemabhasikoro emakomo panguva yekuumba muNorth California. Mukuwedzera, boka ravatasvi vemabhasikoro omumakomo rinonzi Laguna Rads rakaumba kirabhu mukati memakore okuma1980 uye rakatanga rwendo rwevhiki nevhiki, ruchitsvaka zvikomo zvomumhenderekedzo yegungwa zvisina kunyorwa zveLaguna Beach, California. Vanoziva nezvemabhizimisi vanotaura kuti uku ndiko kwaiva kutanga kwebasa rokufamba-famba nemabhasikoro, sezvo vaifamba nemabhasikoro vachikwira nokudzika makomo nemakomo uko kwakanga kusina nzira dzokufamba nemabhasikoro dzakanga dzisati dzavapo. Laguna Rads yakaitawo nhangemutange yokudzika makomo yakareba kupfuura dzose kamwe chete pagore kubvira muna 1986.  Panguva iyoyo, indasitiri yemabhasikoro yakanga isingafariri bhasikoro remumakomo, ichiona bhasikoro remumakomo sechinhu chenguva pfupi. Kunyanya, vagadziri vakuru vakadai saSchwinn naFuji vakakundikana kuona kukosha kwebhasikoro renyika yose uye kuwedzera kuri kuuya mu'mitambo yemitambo '. Panzvimbo pezvo, mabhasikoro ekutanga emumakomo akagadzirwa zvakanyanya akapayona nemakambani matsva akadai seMountainBikes (yakazotevera, Fisher Mountain Bikes), Ritchey, uye Specialized. Specialized yakanga iri kambani yeAmerica yakatanga iyo yakaronga kugadzirwa kwemakumbo emabhasikoro emakomo kubva kumafekitari muJapan neTaiwan. Yakatanga kutengeswa muna 1981, bhasikoro remakomo reSpecialised rakanyanya kutevera chimiro chechimiro chaTom Ritchey, asi akashandisa TiG welding kubatanidza machubhu echimiro panzvimbo pefilet-brazing, maitiro akakodzera kugadzirwa kwemazhinji, uye akabatsira kudzikisa basa uye kugadzira mutengo. Mabhasikoro acho aiva nemagiya gumi nemashanu achishandisa derailleurs, cheni ine maketani matatu, uye gumbo rine mavhiri mashanu.
Mountain biking semutambo wakavapo munzvimbo dzakasiyana muUSA mukupera kwema1970 uye kutanga kwema1980. Nepo mapoka mazhinji avatasvi vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeU.S. achizviti ane kodzero yokutanga yokuchovha bhasikoro romumakomo, zviri pachena kuti kwakanga kusina munhu mumwe chete kana kuti nzvimbo imwe chete yakashanda senzvimbo yokutanga yomutambo wacho. Vatyairi muCrested Butte, CO, Marin County, CA, Mill Valley, CA, Cupertino, CA, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinoverengeka vakabatsira zvakanyanya pakuzvarwa kwemutambo uyu.  Yakanga isiri kusvika mukupera kwema1970 uye kutanga kwema1980 apo makambani emabhasikoro akatanga kugadzira mabhasikoro emakomo ane zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvine huremu hwakakurumbira izvo zvakaita kuti mutambo uyu uve wakakurumbira. Joe Breeze (Marin County) anowanzorumbidzwa nokuvaka bhasikoro rokutanga romumakomo rakavakwa nechinangwa muna 1978.  Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kwaiva nemashoko emabhasikoro emumakomo uye zviratidzo zvakavakwa kare nguva iyi isati yasvika, nepfungwa yekutanga inobva kumabhasikoro emugwagwa anoshandiswa neBuffalo Soldiers muna 1896.