Inzirai dzokurapa dziripo nokuda kweAutism?
Context:Kurapa kweautism kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa dzinobatsira vanhu vane autism, kana kuti mhuri dzavo. Nzira dzakadaro dzokurapa dzinotsvakawo kuwedzera kuzvimiririra kwebasa muvanhu vane autism. Mishonga yakawanda inotengeswa kuvanhu vane autism uye/kana vabereki vavo inotaura kuti zvabuda hazvina kutsigirwa neLevel of Research (LOE) Level 1 (chikamu chepamusoro-soro chakatarwa zvichibva pamhando yemaitiro ekugadzirwa kwavo, kushanda, uye kushandiswa mukutarisira varwere). Ongororo yeNhanho 1 inosanganisira humbowo kubva mukudzokororwa kwakarongeka kana meta-ongororo yeese akakodzera maRCT (yakasarudzika, inodzorwa kuyedzwa) kana humbowo-hwakavakirwa makiriniki maitiro nhungamiro yakavakirwa pane zvakarongeka ongororo dzeRCT kana matatu kana anopfuura maRCT emhando yepamusoro ane mhedzisiro yakafanana.   Autism is a neurotype characterized by sensory and communication difference, when compared to neurotypical and allistic individuals. Hapana imwe yemishonga iyi inobvisa autism mumunhu, ndoda kusvika padanho repamusoro rekugona. Vana vane autism vanokura kuva vanhu vakuru vane autism vari mungozi yokuremerwa uye post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) inokonzerwa munguva yehuduku uye kuyaruka, kazhinji inosiyiwa nevaya vanokoshesa kubviswa kwe autism pane kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vane autism. Kurapa kunowanzoitwa maererano nezvinodiwa nomunhu wacho. Kurapa kunopinda mumapoka makuru maviri: kupindira kwokudzidzisa uye kutarisirwa kwezvokurapa. Kurovedza uye kutsigira zvinopiwawo kumhuri dzevaya vanonzi vane autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)   Zvidzidzo zvekupindira zvine zvimwe zvinetso zvemaitiro zvinodzivisa mhedziso dzakasimba pamusoro pekubudirira. Kunyange zvazvo kupindira kwepfungwa kwakawanda kune humwe uchapupu hwakanaka, hunoratidza kuti imwe nzira yekurapa iri nani pane kusava nekurapa, ongororo dzakarongeka dzakataura kuti hunhu hwezvidzidzo izvi hwave husina kunaka, mhedzisiro yavo yekiriniki inowanzoita fungidziro, uye pane humbowo hushoma hwekubudirira kwekurapa sarudzo. Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvakasarudzika zvakadzama, uye kurapwa kwehunhu pakutanga kwehupenyu zvinogona kubatsira vana vane ASD kuwana kuzvitarisira, zvemagariro, uye hunyanzvi hwebasa, uye kazhinji vanogona kuvandudza mashandiro, uye kuderedza kuoma kwezviratidzo uye maitiro asina kukodzera;Maitiro aripo anosanganisira kuongororwa kwehunhu hunoshandiswa (ABA), mamodheru ekuvandudza, kudzidzisa kwakagadziriswa, kutaura uye kurapa mutauro, hunyanzvi hwemagariro, uye kurapa kwebasa. Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoshanda nevana vane autism nokugadzira zvirongwa zvinokurudzira kudyidzana munzanga zvakadai sokugoverana uye kushandira pamwe.Vanotsigirawo mwana ane autism nokuvabatsira kuti vashande kuburikidza nedambudziko sezvo OT anotevedzera mwana uye achimirira mhinduro kubva kumwana.Kurapa kwekudzidzisa kune humwe hunobudirira muvana: kurapwa kweABA kwakasimba kwakaratidza kubudirira mukuvandudza kushanda kwepasi rose muvana vasati vaenda kuchikoro,uye kwakaratidzwa kuti kunovandudza kushanda kwepfungwa dzevana vaduku.Mishumo yeuropsychological inowanzosvitswa zvisina kunaka kuvadzidzisi, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano pakati pezvinokurudzirwa nemushumo uye kuti dzidzo ipi inopiwa.Kutsvakurudza kushoma pamusoro pekubudirira kwezvirongwa zvevakuru zvekugara kunoratidza migumisiro yakavhengana.   Mishonga yakawanda inoshandiswa kurapa zvinetso zvine chokuita neASD.Vana vokuUnited States vanopfuura hafu vanonzi vane ASD vanorayirwa mishonga inodzvinyirira pfungwa kana kuti inorwisa-kumbundirana, uye mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyokurwisa kuora mwoyo, inokurudzira.Kunze kwemishonga inorwisa pfungwa,pane tsvakurudzo shoma yakavimbika pamusoro pokubudirira kana kuti kuchengeteka kwekurapa nemishonga kuvaduku nevakuru vane ASD.Munhu ane ASD angapindura zvisina kunaka kumishonga, mishonga yacho inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa, uye hapana mushonga unozivikanwa unoderedza zviratidzo zvikuru zveautism zvokusagadzikana munzanga uye mukukurukurirana.   Kubva muna 2008 kurapwa kunonyorerwa vana vane ASD kwaidhura; mari dzisina kunanga dzinodhura zvikuru. Kune mumwe munhu akaberekwa muna 2000, chidzidzo cheU.S. chakafungidzira avhareji yakaderedzwa yehupenyu hwese ye $ 4.66 mamirioni (2023 madhora, inflation-yakagadziriswa kubva ku2003 fungidziro), iine 10% yekurapwa, 30% yekuwedzera dzidzo uye kumwe kutarisirwa, uye 60% yakarasikirwa nehupfumi hwekugadzira.Chidzidzo cheUK chakafungidzira mutengo wehupenyu hwese pa £ 1.9 mamirioni uye £ 1.23 mamirioni kune munhu ane autistic ane uye asina hurema hwepfungwa, zvichiteerana ((£ 2023, inflation-yakagadziriswa kubva ku2005 / 06 fungidziro). Kodzero dzepamutemo dzokurapwa dzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye zera, uye dzinoda kutsigirwa nevanotarisira. Zvirongwa zvinotsigirwa neruzhinji kazhinji hazvina kukwana kana kuti hazvina kukodzera kumwana akapiwa, uye mari yekurapa kana yekurapa isina kubhadharwa yakabatanidzwa nehutano hwemhuri yemari; imwe ongororo yeU.S. ye2008 yakawana kuderera kwe14% yemari yegore negore mumhuri dzevana vane ASD, uye imwe ongororo yakabatana yakawana kuti ASD inobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwokuti matambudziko ekuchengeta vana achakanganisa zvikuru basa revabereki.
Kune marapiro akawanda anowanika nokuda kweAutism zvichienderana nechirwere chacho. Mapurogiramu edzidzo yakakosha, akareba uye kurapa kwepfungwa pakutanga kwehupenyu kunogona kubatsira vana vane ASD kuwana hunyanzvi hwekuzvitarisira, hwemagariro, uye hwebasa, uye kazhinji vanogona kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuderedza kuoma kwezviratidzo uye maitiro asina kukodzera. Nzira dziripo dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwekuongorora maitiro (ABA), mamodheru ekuvandudza, kudzidzisa kwakarongeka, kutaura uye kurapa mutauro, kurapa kwehunyanzvi hwemagariro, uye kurapa kwebasa. Varapi vanoshanda nevana vane autism nokugadzira nzira dzinosimudzira kudyidzana munzanga dzakadai sokugoverana uye kushandira pamwe. Vanotsigirawo mwana ane autism nokuvabatsira kugadzirisa chinetso sezvo OT inotevedzera mwana uye inomirira mhinduro kubva kumwana. Kupindira mune zvedzidzo kunobatsira vana: kurapwa kwakasimba kweABA kwakaratidza kuti kunobatsira pakuvandudza mashandiro evana vasati vaenda kuchikoro uye kwakaratidzwa kuti kunovandudza mashandiro epfungwa evana vaduku.