Nhoroondo yeLinux
Context:Sisitimu inoshanda yeUnix yakagadzirwa uye yakaitwa muna 1969, paAT & T's Bell Labs, muUnited States naKen Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, naJoe Ossanna. Yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1971, Unix yakanyorwa chose chose mumutauro wokuunganidza, sezvinoitwa nevakawanda panguva iyoyo. Muna 1973, mune imwe nzira inokosha, yakanyorwazve mumutauro weC programming naDennis Ritchie (kunze kweimwe hardware uye I / O maitiro). Kuwanika kwomutauro wepamusoro-soro wokushandisa Unix kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuutsinhanisa nemakombiyuta akasiyana-siyana.  Nemhaka yechiitiko chekare chinorambidza kubvumirwa kupinda mubhizimisi remakombiyuta, AT & T yakapa mvumo yekodhi yekodhi yepurogiramu yekushanda sechinhu chakavanzika chekutengeserana kune ani zvake akakumbira. Somugumisiro, Unix yakakura nokukurumidza uye yakashandiswa zvikuru nemasangano edzidzo nemabhizimisi. Muna 1984, AT & T yakazvitengesa kubva kumakambani ayo anoshanda enharaunda, uye yakaburitswa kubva pachisungo chayo chekusapinda mubhizinesi remakomputa; kusunungurwa pachisungo ichocho, Bell Labs yakatanga kutengesa Unix sechigadzirwa chevaridzi, uko vashandisi vaisatenderwa zviri pamutemo kuchinjisa.  Onyx Systems yakatanga kutengesa microcomputer-based Unix workstations muna 1980. Gare gare, Sun Microsystems, yakavambwa sechibvumirano chebasa revadzidzi paStanford University, yakatangawo kutengesa Unix-based desktop workstations muna 1982. Nepo Sun workstations isina kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvePC senge Linux yakazogadziriswa, yaimiririra yekutanga kubudirira yekutengesa kuedza kugovera microcomputer inonyanya kushandiswa nemushandisi mumwe chete iyo yaimhanya neUnix inoshanda sisitimu.  NeUnix ichiwedzera "kuvharwa" sechigadzirwa chemuridzi, GNU Project, yakatangwa muna 1983 naRichard Stallman, yakanga ine chinangwa chekugadzira "yakazara Unix-inoenderana software system" inoumbwa zvizere nesoftware yemahara. Basa rakatanga muna 1984. Gare gare, muna 1985, Stallman akatanga Free Software Foundation ndokunyora GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) muna 1989. Pakutanga kwema1990, mapurogiramu mazhinji aidiwa muhurongwa hwekushandisa (akadai semaraibhurari, makomputa, magadzirirwo ezvinyorwa, mutsara wemirairo, uye windowing system) akapedzwa, kunyangwe zvikamu zvepasi-soro senge madhiraivha emidziyo, madhimoni, uye kernel, inonzi GNU Hurd, yakanga yakamira uye isina kukwana.  MINIX yakasikwa naAndrew S. Tanenbaum, purofesa wesayenzi yekombiyuta, uye yakabudiswa muna 1987 se minimal Unix-like operating system yakanangana nevadzidzi nevamwe vaida kudzidza mitemo yehurongwa hwekushandisa. Kunyange zvazvo gwaro repakutanga rakazara reMINIX rakanga riripo pachena, miganhu yechibvumirano yakairambidza kuva purogiramu yakasununguka kutozosvikira kubvumirwa kwachinja muna April 2000.  Kunyange zvazvo isina kubudiswa kusvikira muna 1992, nemhaka yezvinetso zvepamutemo, kubudiswa kwe386BSD, iyo NetBSD, OpenBSD uye FreeBSD yakabva, yakatangira iyo yeLinux.  Linus Torvalds akataura pane dzimwe nhambo kuti dai GNU kernel kana 386BSD yaivepo panguva iyoyo (1991), angadai asina kugadzira Linux.
Linux, komputa inoshanda yakagadzirwa mukutanga kwema1990 neFinland software injinjini Linus Torvalds uye Free Software Foundation (FSF).  Achiri mudzidzi paYunivhesiti yeHelsinki, Torvalds akatanga kugadzira Linux kuti agadzire hurongwa hwakafanana neMINIX, UNIX inoshanda. Muna 1991 akabudisa shanduro 0.02; Version 1.0 yeLinux kernel, musimboti wesisitimu yekushandisa, yakaburitswa muna 1994. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, mugadziri wepurogiramu yepurogiramu weAmerica Richard Stallman neFSF vakaita nhamburiko dzokugadzira gadziriro inoshanda yakafanana neUNIX yakazaruka inonzi GNU. Kusiyana naTorvalds, Stallman neFSF vakatanga nokutanga kugadzira zvishandiso zvehurongwa hwekushandisa. Zvinhu izvi zvakabva zvawedzerwa kuLinux kernel kuti pave nesystem yakakwana inonzi GNU/Linux, kana kuti, zvakanyatsorurama, Linux chete.