Makoloni kana kuti mapurovhinzi? Umambo hweSpain hwaibata sei nenyika dzahwo dzaiva mhiri kwemakungwa?
Umambo hweSpain hwakagara kwemazana mana emakore, kubva pakusvika kwaColumbus muAmerica muna 1492 kusvikira pakurasikirwa nenharaunda dzayo dzokupedzisira dzokumwe (Cuba, Puerto Rico nePhilippines) muna 1898. Munguva yaro yokupedzisira, panenge pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, gakava rakamuka iro, kusvikira kuzuva rino, richiri kusimudza marwadzo pamusoro pokurondedzerwa kwenyika idzi. Chikamu chavagari chinopfuurira kurangarira kuti nyika idzo Spain yakakunda mhiri kwemakungwa dzaiva makoroni, nepo chimwe chikamu chichidzizivisa samapurovhinzi. Ndiko kuti, kufanana neValladolid, Barcelona kana kuti Guadalajara. Mugwaro reRoyal Decree raCarlos V, rakaziviswa muna 1519, iro rakazobatanidzwa muKubatanidzwa kweMitemo yeIndia, chirevo chinotevera chechinangwa chaigona kuverengerwa kare: <unk>Kuti West Indies ive yakabatana nekusingaperi neCrown yeCastile uye kuti haigone kupatsanurwa. Tinoraira kuti, panguva ipi neipi, hadzigoni kuparadzaniswa nekorona yedu youmambo yeCastile, dzisina kubatana kana kugoverwa chose kana kuti murutivi kana kuti kutsigira munhu upi noupi.<unk> Mitemo yeSpain nguva dzose yaitaura nezve"matunhu", "umambo", "hurumende", "umambo" kana kuti "nharaunda dzezvitsuwa nenyika huru". Namamwe mashoko, shoko rokuti "colony" harina kutongoshandiswa mumunda wepamutemo nokuda kwenharaunda dzakanga dzabatanidzwa muCrown yeCastile. Yakasanganiswa gare gare uye bedzi nechishuvo chokutsoropodza nokuparadzira mashoko, chakafanana nanhasi apo inoshandiswa. Ichi hachisi chikonzero chokuramba kuti munharaunda dzeSpain dziri mhiri kwemakungwa makanga mune mienzaniso yokushandiswa iyo yaigona kunzi yekoloni, yakadai sekuchengetwa kwekubudiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosha kana kuti mamwe marudzi emakambani ezvokutengeserana. Chimwe chezvibvumikiso zvikuru ndechokuti nzvimbo dziri mhiri kwemakungwa dzakadzokorora zvizhinjisa zvamasangano eguta guru. Bernardino Bravo Lira, akahwina mubayiro weNational History Award ya2010 yokuChile, akataura nezvokusiyana kwakakosha: "Mune zvematongerwe enyika, maIndia akabatanidzwa muCrown uye kwete muUmambo hweCastile. Ikoku kunoreva kuti dzakanga dzisina kurangarirwa senyikawo zvayo, dzisina unhu hwadzo hwezvamatongerwe enyika uye, naizvozvo, dzingagona kuzviisa pasi pesimba rokumwe. Vairangarirwa semamwe madzimambo, akafanana neCastile nevamwe vokuEurope, vakapiwa zvinhu zvakafanana navo. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero ivo vakarongwa ndokurongwa muchimiro cheHurumende yeIndia uye kwete makoroni. Umambo hweIndia hwaiva nezvinhu zvose zvaiumba Nyika panguva iyoyo: nharaunda, vanhu, rudzi, masangano, hurumende uye mitemo yavo pachavo". Ikoku kunoreva kuti, mukupesana neizvo vanyori vanotsoropodza zvikurusa vanofunga, nharaunda dzakakundwa neSpain hadzina kutongorangarirwa samakoroni asina maruramiro. Uyezve, vagari vayo vaionekwa, kare naMambokadzi Isabella weCastilla, vashandi veCrown sevamwe vagari veIberian Peninsula, pakangopedzwa nzira yekukunda muzana ramakore rechi16. Ndicho chikonzero nei maIndia, ayo ave achizivikanwa sa"America" chifo chezana ramakore rechi 17, akanga ane chikwereti chokuvimbika bedzi kuna Mambo, uyo aitonga kupfurikidza nemasangano akaumbwa nokuda kwechinangwa ichocho uye ayo aitongwa navakuru vakuru vakagadzwa nokuda kwechinangwa ichocho.