Ke mang ea qapileng ho ngoapa?
Context:Mekhoa ea kajeno ea ho ngoapa e ile ea khoneha ka ho qaptjoa ha li-turntable tse tsamaeang ka kotloloho, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho hlaheng ha turntablism. Li-turntable tsa pele tse tsamaeang ka lebanta li ne li sa tšoanelehe bakeng sa ho ngoapa kaha li ne li e-na le nako e liehang ea ho qala,'me li ne li tloaetse ho tsofala le ho robeha, kaha lebanta le ne le ka robeha ka lebaka la ho khutla kapa ho ngoapa. Turntable ea pele e tsamaeang ka ho toba e qapiloe ke Shuichi Obata, moenjiniere oa Matsushita (eo hona joale e leng Panasonic), e Osaka, Japane. E ile ea felisa mabanta,'me ea sebelisa enjene ho khanna ka ho toba poleiti eo rekoto ea vinyl e lutseng ho eona. Ka 1969, Matsushita lokolloa e le SP-10, pele ka ho toba-ka koloi turntable ka'marakeng,' me ea pele ea bona e nang le tšusumetso Technics letoto la lihlooho tse turntables.  Lilemong tsa bo-1970, libini tsa hip hop le li-DJ tsa li-club li ile tsa qala ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena tse khethehileng tsa turntable ho tsamaisa rekoto ho ea pele le morao, ho theha melumo le litlamorao tsa "ho ngoapa" ho thabisa bamameli ba bona ba tants'ang. Le hoja li-1940-1960 DJs seea-le-ba ile ba sebelisa morao-cueing ha a ntse a ho mamela melumo ka headphone bona, ntle le bamameli ho utloa, le scratching, le DJ ka boomo a lumella bamameli ho utloa melumo tse ntseng li bōptjoa ka ho laola rekoto ka turntable, ka ho tsamaisa khumo ho tloha turntable ho tsamaiso ea ho matlafatsa molumo e le hore bamameli ba ka utloa melumo. Scratching e ile ea ntlafatsoa ke li-DJ tsa pele tsa hip hop tse tsoang New York City joalo ka Grand Wizzard Theodore, ea hlalositseng ho ngoapa e le, "ha ho letho haese ho khutla-ho khutla hoo u ho utloang tsebeng ea hau pele u e sutumetsa [molumo o rekotiloeng] ho bongata. " O ile a qapa mokhoa ona ha a ntse a leka le Technics SL-1200, e tobileng-ka koloi turntable lokolloa ke Matsushita ka 1972 ha a fumana hore enjene e ne e tla tsoela pele ho ohla ka RPM nepahetse esita le haeba DJ wiggled rekoto morao le pele ka poleiti. Afrika Bambaataa o ile a sibolla ntho e tšoanang ka SL-1200 lilemong tsa bo-1970. The Technics SL-1200 tsoela pele ho ba ka ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa turntable bakeng sa lilemo tse mashome a seng makae tse latelang.  DJ ea hlahetseng Jamaica Kool Herc, ea ileng a fallela New York City, o ile a susumetsa tsoelo-pele ea pele ea ho ngoapa. Kool Herc o ile a qapa mokhoa oa ho qhekella oa DJing, moo likhefu tsa lipina tsa funk - e leng karolo e tants'ang ka ho fetisisa, hangata e nang le liletsa tse otlang - li neng li khetholloa'me li phetoa ka morero oa meketjana ea motjeko oa bosiu bohle. O ile a susumetsoa ke Jamaican dub'mino,' me a ntshetswa pele turntable hae mekhoa sebelisa Technics SL-1100, lokolloa ka 1971, ka lebaka la ho e matla enjene, durability, le botšepehi.  Le hoja baetsi ba litšoantšo ba pele ba kang mongoli le seroki William S. Burroughs ba ne ba lekile ka khopolo ea ho laola theipi ea reel-to-reel ka letsoho ho etsa melumo, joalo ka rekoto ea hae ea 1950s, "Sound Piece", vinyl scratching e le karolo ea hip hop e qalile khopolo ea ho etsa hore molumo e be karolo ea bohlokoa le e nang le morethetho ea'mino ho e-na le lerata le sa laoleheng. Scratching e amana le "scrubbing" (ho latela ho hlophisa molumo le tlhahiso) ha li-reel tsa reel-to-reel tape deck (hangata e le 1/4 inch magnetic audio tape) li potoloha butle ho ea pele le morao ha hlooho ea ho bapala e phela ebile e matlafalitsoe, ho arola sebaka se itseng ho theipi moo ho hlophisoang "ho khaola" ho lokelang ho etsoa. Lilemong tsa bo-2010, bobeli ba ho ngoapa le ho hloekisa li ka etsoa litsing tsa mosebetsi tsa molumo oa dijithale (DAWs) tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa mekhoa ena.   Moo Tsohle li Qalileng Teng  Mohlala oa DJ oa pina "Where it All Started" Na ho na le bothata ba ho bapala faele ee? Sheba thuso ea mecha ea litaba. Christian Marclay e ne e le e mong oa libini tsa pele-pele tse ileng tsa qapa'mino o mong ka ntle ho hip hop. Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1970, Marclay o ile a sebelisa lirekoto tsa gramophone le li-turntable e le liletsa tsa'mino ho etsa li-collage tsa molumo. O ile a hlahisa melumo ea hae ea li-turntable a sa kopane le li-DJ tsa hip hop. Le hoja a sa tsejoe haholo ke bamameli ba tloaelehileng, Marclay o 'nile a hlalosoa e le "motho ea nang le tšusumetso e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ka ntle ho hip hop" le "moqapi ea sa tsebeng letho oa turntablism".  Ka 1981 Grandmaster Flash o ile a lokolla pina "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" e tsebahalang ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea DJ scratching. E ne e le rekoto ea pele ea khoebo e entsoeng ka ho feletseng e sebelisa li-turntable. Ka 1982, Malcolm McLaren & the World's Famous Supreme Team e ile ea lokolla "Buffalo Gals" e le 'ngoe, e kopantseng ho ngoapa haholo le ho hooa ho tsoa metjeko ea lisekoere,'me ka 1983, EP, D'ya Like Scratchin'?, e shebaneng ka botlalo le ho ngoapa. Phatlalatso e 'ngoe ea 1983 e hlahelletseng ka mokhoa o hlakileng ke "Rockit" ea Herbie Hancock ea hapileng khau ea Grammy. Pina ena e ne e boetse e etsoa e phela ka 1984 Grammy Awards,'me ka litokomane filimi Scratch, tshebetso e e qotsitsoeng ke ba bangata ba 1980s-nako DJs e le ho pepeseha bona pele ho scratching. The Street Sounds Electro pokello letoto la lihlooho tse ileng tsa qala ka 1983 e boetse e hlokomelehang bakeng sa mehlala ea pele ea scratching. Hape, karolo e 'ngoe e neng e tsebahala e ne e le "For A Few Dollars More" ea sehlopha sa Bill Laswell-Michael Beinhorn Material, e lokollotsoeng ka 12 "e le' ngoe Japane'me e na le scratch e etsoang ke Grand Mixer DXT, pula-maliboho e mong oa scratching.
Ha ho ntse ho Scratching e ne e le sibolloa tloaelehileng entsoeng ka ho fihla ha turntables otlolohileng ka koloi, ho thata ho bolella ba e ne e le motho oa pele scratching ka turntable, Leha ho le joalo ke tumellano ea hore GrandMasterFlash le KoolHerc entse mofutakwalo ratoang