Chii chinonzi mutemo wemari mune zveupfumi uye sayenzi yezvematongerwe enyika?
Context:Mune zvehupfumi uye sayenzi yezvematongerwo enyika, mutemo wezvemari ndiko kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende (mitero kana kuderedzwa kwemitero) uye mari yekushandisa kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika. Kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende kuti ikanganise zvinhu zvinoshanduka mune zveupfumi kwakaitika mukupindura kuDzvinyiriro Huru yemakore ekuma1930, apo nzira yekare ye laissez-faire mukutarisira hupfumi yakava isingabatsiri.
Mune zvehupfumi uye sayenzi yezvematongerwo enyika, mutemo wezvemari ndiko kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende (mitero kana kuderedzwa kwemitero) uye mari yekushandisa kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika. Kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende kuti ikanganise zvinhu zvinoshanduka mune zveupfumi kwakaitika mukupindura kuDzvinyiriro Huru yemakore ekuma1930, apo nzira yekare ye laissez-faire mukutarisira hupfumi yakava isingabatsiri. Mitemo yemari yakavakirwa papfungwa dzezvemari dzeBritain John Maynard Keynes, ane pfungwa dzezvehupfumi dzeKeynesian dzokuti hurumende inoshandura mwero wemitero uye mari inoshandiswa nehurumende zvinokanganisa kudiwa kwezvose uye mwero wezviitiko zvehupfumi. Mitemo yemari nemari ndiwo marongero makuru anoshandiswa nehurumende yenyika nebhangi guru kufambisira mberi zvinangwa zvaro zveupfumi. Mubatanidzwa wemitemo iyi unogonesa zviremera izvi kuti zviise inflation (iyo inofungidzirwa kuti "yakanaka" pamwero uri pakati pe2% ne3%) uye kuwedzera basa. Mukuwedzera, yakagadzirirwa kuedza kuchengeta kukura kweGDP pa2% kusvika ku3% uye chiyero chekushaya basa pedyo nehuwandu hwekushaya basa hwe4% kusvika ku5%. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mutemo wemari unoshandiswa kudzikamisa upfumi mukati mekutenderera kwebhizimisi.  Shanduko mumwero uye kuumbwa kwemitero uye mari yehurumende inogona kukanganisa macroeconomic variables, kusanganisira:  kudiwa kwese uye mwero webasa rezvehupfumi kuchengetedza nekudyara kugoverwa kwemari kugoverwa kwemari. Mutemo wemari unogona kusiyaniswa nemutemo wemari, pakuti mutemo wemari unobata nemitero uye mari yehurumende uye inowanzotungamirirwa nedhipatimendi rehurumende; nepo mutemo wemari unobata nemari inopa mari, mitengo yemari uye inowanzotungamirirwa nebhangi guru renyika. Zvose zviri zviviri mitemo yemari nemari zvinopesvedzera kuita kwezvemari kwenyika.