Chii chinonzi genome-wide association study (GWAS)?
Mu genomics, genome-wide association study (GWA study, kana GWAS), inodzidza nezvekucherechedza genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. Mu genomics, genome-wide association study (GWA study, kana GWAS), inodzidza nezvekucherechedza genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. Zvidzidzo zveGWA zvinowanzo tarisa pakubatana pakati peimwe-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) uye hunhu hwakafanana nezvirwere zvikuru zvevanhu, asi zvinogona kushandiswa zvakaenzana kune chero imwe mhando yemasikirwo uye chero zvimwe zvipenyu.  Apo rinoshandiswa kumashoko evanhu, zvidzidzo zveGWA zvinoenzanisa DNA yevatori vechikamu vane phenotypes dzakasiyana nokuda kwechimiro chakati kana chirwere. Vatori vechikamu ava vanogona kuva vanhu vane chirwere (zviitiko) uye vanhu vakafanana vasina chirwere (zvinodzora), kana kuti vanogona kuva vanhu vane phenotypes dzakasiyana dzechiratidzo chakati, somuenzaniso BP. Nzira iyi inozivikanwa se phenotype-first, umo vatori vechikamu vanorongwa kutanga nekuratidzwa kwavo kwekiriniki (s), kusiyana ne genotype-first. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anopa muenzaniso weDNA, umo mamirioni ezvibereko zvamagene anoverengwa achishandisa SNP arrays. Kana paine uchapupu hunokosha hwokuti rumwe rudzi rworudzi (allele imwe) runowanikwa kakawanda muvanhu vane chirwere chacho, rudzi rwacho runonzi rune chokuita nechirwere chacho. SNP dzakabatanidzwa dzinobva dzarangarirwa kuti dzinomaka nharaunda yegenome yomunhu inogona kupesvedzera ngozi yechirwere.  Zvidzidzo zveGWA zvinotsvakurudza genome yose, zvakasiyana nenzira dzinongovheneka nhamba duku yenzvimbo dzakatarwa dzamagene. Nokudaro, GWAS isiri nzira inotungamirirwa nevanotsvaga, kusiyana nezvidzidzo zvinotungamirirwa nevanotsvaga. Zvidzidzo zveGWA zvinoratidza SNPs nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana muDNA zvinobatanidzwa nechirwere, asi hazvigoni kuzvirondedzera zvoga kuti majini api anokonzera chirwere.  GWAS yokutanga yakabudirira yakabudiswa muna 2002 yakadzidza myocardial infarction. Iyi gadziriro yokudzidza yakazoitwa muGWA 2005 yokudzidza kunokosha kwakaongorora varwere vane macular degeneration inobatanidzwa nezera, uye vakawana SNPs mbiri dzine allele frequency yakashandurwa zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nevanodzora vane utano. Kubva muna 2017, zvidzidzo zveGWA zvevanhu zvinodarika 3 000 zvakaongorora zvirwere nezviratidzo zvinodarika 1 800, uye zviuru zvesangano reSNP zvakawanikwa. Kunze kwenyaya yezvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvepanyama, kuwirirana uku hakuna simba zvikuru, asi kunyange zvazvo kusingatsananguri ngozi yakawanda, kunopa nzwisiso mumajini nemigwagwa inogona kuva inokosha.