Ingilazi yenziwe ngani
Namuhla ingilazi seyivamile kangangokuthi kulula ukuyibona ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili. Kusemafasiteleni ethu, ezikrinini zethu, emakhabethe ethu, nakweminye imishini eminingi esixhumana nayo nsuku zonke. Nakuba ingilazi itholakala yonke indawo, ungase uphile ukuphila kwakho konke ungazi okuningi ngokuthi yenziwa kanjani noma ukuthi yakhiwe ngani. Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi uyazazi izinto eziyisisekelo, usuke usuzishaye kancane nje.  Ezingeni eliphakeme, ingilazi iyisihlabathi esincibilikisiwe futhi sashintshwa ngamakhemikhali. Uma wake waya ogwini, wazi kahle ukuthi isihlabathi singashisa kanjani sibe sisesimweni saso esiqinile. Uhlobo lokushisa oludingekayo ukuze isihlabathi sishintshe sibe uketshezi (ekugcineni sibe ingilazi) lushisa kakhulu kunanoma yiluphi usuku olunelanga. Ukuze uncibilikise isihlabathi, kudingeka usishise cishe sibe ngu-1700°C (3090°F), okucishe kufane nokushisa okufinyelelwa yisikhukhula sasemkhathini lapho siphinda singena emkhathini womhlaba.  Isihlabathi esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ingilazi sakhiwa izinhlayiya ezincane zamakristalu e-quartz, ezakhiwe ngama-molecule e-silicon dioxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silica. Lapho lawo mangqamuzana efudunyezwa afinyelele emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ngokwanele, isihlabathi siyancibilika futhi silahlekelwe ukwakheka kwaso okuyi-crystalline, futhi njengoba siphola sithola ukwakheka okuhluke ngokuphelele. Leso sakhiwo, ezingeni lamangqamuzana, siphakathi koketshezi nokuqinile. Lesi simo esiphakathi saziwa ngokuthi i-amorphous solid, okusho ukuthi sinokwakheka okuthile kwe-crystalline kwe-solid okuhambisana nokungahleliwe kwamangqamuzana oketshezi.  Ukuncibilikisa Ingilazi Ngokuya ngengxube yesihlabathi, ingilazi ingaba nezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhi ezithile noma amakhemikhali axutshwa nesihlabathi angashintsha umbala wengilazi. Izakhiwo zengilazi zingase zishintshe futhi kuye ngokuthi yenziwa kanjani nokuthi yenziwa kanjani kamuva. Ukuze baqinise ingilazi, abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa ukushisa ukuze bayishise futhi bayipholise ngokushesha. Ingilazi ingaqiniswa nangamakhemikhali ngenqubo yokushintshanisa ama - ion eyenza ingaphezulu lengilazi libe lukhuni.  Ingilazi abantu abaningi abajwayelene nayo ingilazi ye-soda-lime, eyinhlanganisela ye-soda (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-soda ash noma i-washing soda), itshe eliyi-limestone nesihlabathi. Nakuba ingilazi ingenziwa ngokumane ushise bese upholisa ngokushesha i-silica, ukwenziwa kwengilazi ye-soda-lime kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngokungeza i-soda (i-sodium carbonate), iphuzu lokuncibilika kwesihlabathi liyancipha ukuze sikwazi ukuguqulwa sibe ingilazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi kusindiswe amandla ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Nokho, ukungeza i-soda kule nhlanganisela kunciphisa ukuqina kwayo ngamakhemikhali, okwenza ithambekele ekuncibilikeni lapho ihlangana noketshezi. Ezimweni eziningi, lokho akufiseleki, ngakho-ke kwengezwa ne-limestone (i-calcium carbonate) enhlanganisweni, esebenza njengesiqinisi. Lapho ingxube ye-silica, i-soda, namatshe amatshe ashisayo isishisiwe, ingapholiswa bese ibunjwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. ECorning, siyazazi izingilazi. Siyazi ukuthi singayiqinisa kanjani ngenqubo yamakhemikhali efana nokushintshaniswa kwama-ion, futhi siyazi ukuthi singayigoba kanjani ukuze senze i-fiber optical engakwazi ukwelula amabanga amade. Ulwazi lwethu ngengilazi luqala esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, okusivumela ukuba sihlale siphambili ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni. Kusukela ekwakhiweni okulula kwe-soda-lime kuya ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zengilazi ezenza kube nokwenzeka okungokoqobo okwandisiwe, ingilazi iyinto eguquguqukayo, ehlukahlukene. Yingakho, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-165, sisathola izinto ezintsha.