yiliphi inani eliphezulu lentela yengeniso yakamuva
Context:Intela engenayo yaseBrithani iye yashintsha eminyakeni edlule. Ekuqaleni yayibeka intela emholweni womuntu kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubani owayenelungelo lokuthola lowo mholo, kodwa manje intela ikhokhwa emholweni lowo okhokha intela anelungelo lokuthola. Iningi lezinkampani lakhishwa entela engenayo ngo-1965 lapho kwethulwa intela yenkampani. Lezi zinguquko zahlanganiswa yi-Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970. Futhi amasheduli okukhokhiswa ngawo intela ashintshile. I-Schedule B yaqedwa ngo-1988, i-Schedule C ngo-1996 ne-Schedule E ngo-2003. Ngezinhloso zentela yemali engenayo, amashejuli asele athathelwa indawo yi-Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act ka-2005, nayo eyaqeda iShejuli F. Ngezinhloso zentela yenkampani, uhlelo lweShejuli lwapheliswa futhi lwathathelwa indawo yi-Corporation Tax Acts ka-2009 no-2010. Izinga eliphakeme lentela engenayo lafinyelela esiqongweni seMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngo-99.25%. Lokhu kwancishiswa kancane ngemva kwempi futhi kwaba cishe ngamaphesenti angu-97,5 (amasheleni ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye namapeni ayisithupha ephawundi) ngawo-1950 nawo-1960.  I-HM Revenue and Customs ishicilele ku-inthanethi iqoqo eliphelele lezincwadi eziphathelene nohlelo lwentela yase-UK.   Imali yentela njengephesenti le-GDP e-UK uma iqhathaniswa ne-OECD ne-EU 15 Ngo-1971, isilinganiso esiphezulu sentela yemali engenayo esekelwe emholweni wehliswa saba ngu-75%. Isengezo esingu-15% emalini engenayo evela ekutshalweni kwemali sigcine isilinganiso esiphezulu semali engenayo engu-90%. Ngo-1974 izinga eliphezulu lentela yemali engenayo laphinde lakhuphuka, lafika ku-83%. Nge-investment income surcharge lokhu kwenyusa isilinganiso esiphezulu esiphezulu semali engenayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kuya ku-98%, isilinganiso esiphezulu esihlala njalo kusukela empini. Lokhu kwakusebenza emalini engenayo engaphezu kuka-£20,000 (okulingana no-£221,741 ngo-2021). Ngo-1974, abantu abangaba ngu-750 000 kwakudingeka bakhokhe inani eliphakeme lentela engenayo. UMargaret Thatcher, owayethanda intela engaqondile, wehlisa amanani entela engenayo yomuntu siqu phakathi nawo-1980. Esilinganisweni sokuqala ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe okhethweni ngo-1979, isilinganiso esiphezulu sehlisiwe sisuka ku-83% saya ku-60% futhi isilinganiso esiyisisekelo sisuka ku-33% saya ku-30%. Izinga eliyisisekelo laphinde lancishiswa emabhajethi amathathu alandelayo, laya ku-29% ebhudjethi lika-1986, ku-27% ngo-1987 naku-25% ngo-1988. Izinga eliphezulu lentela yemali engenayo lancishiselwa ku-40% esabelweni sikahulumeni sika-1988. Imali eyengeziwe etholakala ngokutshala imali yasuswa ngo-1985.  Ohulumeni abalandela baqhubeka nokwehlisa izinga eliyisisekelo, lafika ezingeni lamanje lika-20% ngo-2007. Kusukela ngo-1976 (lapho yayingu-35%) izinga eliyisisekelo liye lancishiswa ngo-15%, kodwa lokhu kuncishiswa kuye kwancishiswa kakhulu ngokunyuka kweminikelo yomshwalense kazwelonke nentela yenani elengeziwe.  Ngo-2010 kwethulwa isilinganiso esisha esiphezulu esingu-50% emalini engenayo engaphezu kuka-£150,000. Imali engenayo ye-Exchequer kamuva yehla njengoba abantu abahola imali eningi kakhulu bethola izindlela zokugwema ukukhokhiswa intela. Esilinganisweni sika-2012 lesi silinganiso sehliswe saba ngu-45% ngo-2013-14; lokhu kwalandelwa ukwanda kwentela ekhokhwa abakhokhi bentela abakhokha isilinganiso esingeziwe kusuka ku-£38 billion kuya ku-£46 billion. UKhansela uGeorge Osborne wathi izinga lentela eliphansi nelincintisana kakhudlwana laliyimbangela yalokhu kwanda.  NgoSepthemba 2022 uhulumeni wamemezela ukuthi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2023 isilinganiso esiphezulu sentela sizokwehliswa sisuke ku-45% siye ku-40% kanti isilinganiso esiyisisekelo sizokwehliswa sisuke ku-20% siye ku-19%. Ukuqedwa kwesilinganiso sentela esingeziwe esingu-45% kwaqedwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngezinyathelo ezibekwe esitatimendeni sika-Autumn sika-2022.  Izinga lebhizinisi lasungulwa eNgilandi naseWales ngo-1990 futhi liyinguqulo yesimanje yohlelo lokulinganisa oluqala emuva ku-Elizabethan Poor Law ka-1601. Ngakho-ke, amanani amabhizinisi agcina izici eziningi zangaphambili ezivela, futhi alandele umthetho othile wamacala, izinhlobo ezindala zokulinganisa. Umthetho wezezimali ka-2004 wethule uhlelo lwentela engenayo olwaziwa ngokuthi "intela yezimpahla esezivele zikhona" okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezivamile zokugwema intela yefa.
Amaphesenti angu-45 ngaphezu kuka-150 000 kusukela ngo-Agasti 2022