Maererano nerugwaro ruri pasi apa, chii chinonzi block?
Context:Bhokisi (kuchengetwa kwedata)  Mumakombiyuta (kunyanya kutumira mashoko uye kuchengetedza mashoko), block, dzimwe nguva inonzi zvinyorwa zvepanyama, inotevedzana ye bytes kana bits, inowanzova nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa, zvine urefu hwakareba; hukuru hwebhokisi. Mashoko akarongwa nenzira iyi anonzi akavharwa. Nzira yokuisa nayo mashoko mumabhuroko inonzi kuvharidzira, nepo kubvisa kuvharidzira iri nzira yokubvisa nayo mashoko mumabhuroko. Dhata yakavharirwa inowanzochengetwa mudhata buffer, uye inoverengwa kana kunyorwa bhokisi rose panguva. Kuvharidzira kunoderedza mari inoshandiswa uye kunowedzera kukurumidza kwekubata kwedata. Kune zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai semagnetic tape uye CKD disk devices, kuvharidzira kunoderedza huwandu hwekuchengetwa kwekunze kunodiwa kune data. Kuvharidzira kunenge kunoshandiswa kwose kwose pakuchengetedza dheta kune 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, uye kutenderera midhiya yakadai se floppy disks, hard disks, uye optical disks.  Most faira hurongwa dzinobva padanda mudziyo, inova pamwero abstraction kuti Hardware anokonzera kuchengeta uye retrieving wainyatsotaura matombo mashoko, kunyange matombo kukura faira hurongwa kungava multiple pamusoro chaiko matombo kukura. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti nzvimbo inefficiency nokuda womukati fragmentation, sezvo faira urefu kazhinji havasi integer multiples kuti chidhina saizi, uye nokudaro wokupedzisira chidhina faira anogona kuramba zvishoma maturo. Ikoku kuchagadzira nzvimbo yakasununguka. Mamwe matsva mafaira masisitimu, akadai seBtrfs neFreeBSD UFS2, anoedza kugadzirisa izvi kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi block suballocation uye muswe kubatanidza. Mamwe mafaira masisitimu akadai seZFS anotsigira akasiyana mabhuroko saizi.  Kuchengetwa kwemabhokisi kunowanzoitwa nehurongwa hwefaira kana database manejimendi system (DBMS) yekushandisa nemaapplication uye vashandisi vekupedzisira. The mumuviri kana inonzwisisika mavhoriyamu kupindamo Via chinogumbura I / O kungava midziyo womukati kuti Server, zvakananga yakabatana Via SCSI kana Fibre Channel, kana kure mano kupindamo Via okuchengetera nzvimbo network (SAN) vachishandisa dzakati akadai iSCSI, kana AoE. DBMSes kazhinji vanoshandisa pachake nechigumbuso I / O nokuda nani kuita uye recoverability zvichienzaniswa layering ari DBMS pamusoro faira hurongwa.
Mumakombiyuta - uye zvikurukuru mukutumira mashoko nokuchengetwa kwemashoko - bhokisi nderondedzero yemabhayiti kana kuti mabiti ane nhamba yezvirekodhi uye ane urefu hwakareba. Kuisa mashoko mumabhuroko kunonzi kuvharidzira, uye kunoderedza pamusoro uye kunowedzera kukurumidza kubata kworwizi rwemashoko. Kuchengetwa kwemabhokisi kunowanzoitwa nehurongwa hwefaira kana hurongwa hwekutarisira dhatabhesi kuti ishandiswe nemaapplication uye vashandisi vekupedzisira.