Siyini isibopho somlandeli futhi unganginika izibonelo ezithile eziphathelene naso
Context:Ngokomthetho, isikweletu sokulandela yisikweletu (isikweletu noma esinye isibopho) esizuzwa njengefa yinhlangano elandela ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kwenkampani. Lapha, 'indlalifa' ibhekisela enhlanganweni ekhona ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha. <unk>Ukuhlelwa kabusha<unk> kusho noma yisiphi isenzo esishintsha ubunikazi noma isimo sebhizinisi (isib. ukuhlangana). Isibopho sokulandela isikhundla siyisigaba somthetho olawula isibopho sezinkampani noma isibopho sabantu abasemthethweni.  Umuntu osemthethweni yinoma yimuphi umuntu ongenza izinto umuntu ongumuntu akwazi ukuzenza emthethweni <unk> njengokungena ezivumelwaneni, ukumangalela nokumangalelwa, ukuba nempahla, nokunye. Ngokuya ngomthetho, izinhlangano ezinjengezinkampani, ezinye izinhlobo zamafemu, ubudlelwano kanye namabhizinisi kahulumeni zingaphathwa njengabantu abanamalungelo, abanamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo ngaphansi komthetho. Imithetho yesibopho sokulandela ithonya ukuthi la malungelo nezibopho maqondana nabanye zithonywa kanjani ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani.  Ngaphansi komthetho wezinkampani (noma mhlawumbe ezinye izinhlaka zomthetho, ezifana nomthetho wezabasebenzi noma wezemvelo), amanye amazwe alawula ukuthi isikweletu sidluliselwa kanjani sisuka enkampanini 'eyandulelayo' siye enkampanini 'engumlandeli' uma kwenzeka kwenziwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani njengokushintsha kwegama, ukuhlangana noma ukutholwa, ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuchithwa. Ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha okunjalo, imithetho yesibopho somlandeli inquma ukuthi "indlalifa" noma inhlangano etholayo kufanele ithathe ezinye noma zonke izibopho zenhlangano eyandulelayo nokuthi kufanele ikwenze kanjani lokho. Umthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizo, ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo, umthetho wokuqashwa kanye nomthetho wobugebengu ngezinye zezindawo lapho umthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli ungadlala khona. Ngakho-ke, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezomthetho olusekela ushintsho oludingekayo lwezakhiwo emikhakheni yamabhizinisi ashukumisayo kuyilapho luvikela izintshisekelo zomuntu ngamunye nezenhlalo.  Nakuba ukuhlelwa kabusha kungaqali ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudala isikweletu somlandeli, izimo ezilandelayo zivame ukubhekwa njengezifanele uma kunqunywa ukuthi ngabe sikhona yini isikweletu esinjalo noma cha: kunesivumelwano esicacile phakathi kwamaqembu ngokuthatha ezinye izikweletu; ukuhlelwa kabusha kubhekwa njengokuhlangana kweqiniso; ukuhlelwa kabusha kuholela ekuqhubekeni nje kwebhizinisi lomanduleli; futhi ukuthengiselana okusekelwe ekuhlelweni kabusha bekungukukhwabanisa futhi kusetshenziselwe ukugwema isikweletu.  Ngaphandle kwesibopho sokulandela, ibhizinisi lingagwema isibopho ngokuzihlela kabusha noma ngokunye ukuguqula ubunikazi bayo benkampani. Ucwaningo lwezomthetho lokuqhathanisa lomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli esimweni sokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho eyenza ukukhwabanisa kwamanye amazwe kube yicala libonisa ukuthi amazwe asamukele izindlela ezihluke kakhulu zomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli esimweni somthetho wobugebengu. Kwezinye iziphathimandla, akucaci ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli, okuvula ithuba lokuthi ngisho nokuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi okuncane 'kungasusa i-slate ehlanzekile' ngokombono wokuphoqelelwa komthetho wobugebengu. Amanye amazwe anezinhlaka zomthetho ezibanzi ezibhekene nomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli. Kanti abanye bathembela emithethweni esemthethweni noma kwezinye izimiso ezingokomthetho njengesisekelo esingokomthetho somthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli.
Ngokomthetho, isikweletu sokulandela yisikweletu (isikweletu noma esinye isibopho) esizuzwa njengefa yinhlangano elandela ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kwenkampani. Lapha, 'indlalifa' ibhekisela enhlanganweni ekhona ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha. <unk>Ukuhlelwa kabusha<unk> kusho noma yisiphi isenzo esishintsha ubunikazi noma isimo sebhizinisi (isib. ukuhlangana). Isibopho sokulandela isikhundla siyisigaba somthetho olawula isibopho sezinkampani noma isibopho sabantu abasemthethweni.  Umuntu osemthethweni yinoma yimuphi umuntu ongenza izinto umuntu ongumuntu akwazi ukuzenza emthethweni <unk> njengokungena ezivumelwaneni, ukumangalela nokumangalelwa, ukuba nempahla, nokunye. Ngokuya ngomthetho, izinhlangano ezinjengezinkampani, ezinye izinhlobo zamafemu, ubudlelwano kanye namabhizinisi kahulumeni zingaphathwa njengabantu abanamalungelo, abanamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo ngaphansi komthetho. Imithetho yesibopho sokulandela ithonya ukuthi la malungelo nezibopho maqondana nabanye zithonywa kanjani ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani.  Ngaphansi komthetho wezinkampani (noma mhlawumbe ezinye izinhlaka zomthetho, ezifana nomthetho wezabasebenzi noma wezemvelo), amanye amazwe alawula ukuthi isikweletu sidluliselwa kanjani sisuka enkampanini 'eyandulelayo' siye enkampanini 'engumlandeli' uma kwenzeka kwenziwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani njengokushintsha kwegama, ukuhlangana noma ukutholwa, ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuchithwa. Ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha okunjalo, imithetho yesibopho somlandeli inquma ukuthi "indlalifa" noma inhlangano etholayo kufanele ithathe ezinye noma zonke izibopho zenhlangano eyandulelayo nokuthi kufanele ikwenze kanjani lokho. Umthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizo, ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo, umthetho wokuqashwa kanye nomthetho wobugebengu ngezinye zezindawo lapho umthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli ungadlala khona. Ngakho-ke, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezomthetho olusekela ushintsho oludingekayo lwezakhiwo emikhakheni yamabhizinisi ashukumisayo kuyilapho luvikela izintshisekelo zomuntu ngamunye nezenhlalo.  Nakuba ukuhlelwa kabusha kungaqali ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudala isikweletu somlandeli, izimo ezilandelayo zivame ukubhekwa njengezifanele uma kunqunywa ukuthi ngabe sikhona yini isikweletu esinjalo noma cha: kunesivumelwano esicacile phakathi kwamaqembu ngokuthatha ezinye izikweletu; ukuhlelwa kabusha kubhekwa njengokuhlangana kweqiniso; ukuhlelwa kabusha kuholela ekuqhubekeni nje kwebhizinisi lomanduleli; futhi ukuthengiselana okusekelwe ekuhlelweni kabusha bekungukukhwabanisa futhi kusetshenziselwe ukugwema isikweletu.  Ngaphandle kwesibopho sokulandela, ibhizinisi lingagwema isibopho ngokuzihlela kabusha noma ngokunye ukuguqula ubunikazi bayo benkampani. Ucwaningo lwezomthetho lokuqhathanisa lomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli esimweni sokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho eyenza ukukhwabanisa kwamanye amazwe kube yicala libonisa ukuthi amazwe asamukele izindlela ezihluke kakhulu zomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli esimweni somthetho wobugebengu. Kwezinye iziphathimandla, akucaci ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli, okuvula ithuba lokuthi ngisho nokuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi okuncane 'kungasusa i-slate ehlanzekile' ngokombono wokuphoqelelwa komthetho wobugebengu. Amanye amazwe anezinhlaka zomthetho ezibanzi ezibhekene nomthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli. Kanti abanye bathembela emithethweni esemthethweni noma kwezinye izimiso ezingokomthetho njengesisekelo esingokomthetho somthwalo wemfanelo womlandeli.