Zvichienderana nemashoko aya andakakuudza nezvaAbel Janszoon Tasman, ungandiudza muchidimbu here?
Context:Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch: [ˈɑbəl ˈjɑnsoːn ˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 <unk> 10 Gumiguru 1659) aive mufambisi wengarava wechiDutch uye muongorori, anonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvekufamba kwake kwe1642 uye 1644 achishandira Dutch East India Company (VOC).  Akazvarwa muna 1603 muLutjegast, kuNetherlands, Tasman akatanga basa rake somutengesi wengarava uye akava mufambisi wengarava ane unyanzvi. Muna 1633, akabatana neVOC ndokuenda kuBatavia, yava kunzi Jakarta, kuIndonesia. Akatora rutivi munzendo dzakawanda, kubatanidza imwe yokuJapan. Muna 1642, Tasman akasarudzwa neVOC kuti atungamirire boka raizotsvaka nzvimbo dzakanga dzisati dzambotsvakwa muSouthern Pacific Ocean. Basa rake raiva rokutsvaka nzira itsva dzokutengeserana nokutanga ukama hwezvokutengeserana nevagari vemo. Abva kuBatavia, Tasman akafamba nechokumabvazuva ndokusvika pamhenderekedzo yeTasmania, yaakatumidza kuti Van Diemen's Land achitevedzera mutsigiri wake. Akabva aenda nechokuchamhembe ndokuwana mhenderekedzo yokumadokero yeNew Zealand, yaakatumidza kuti Staten Landt, asi akazoitumidza kuti Nieuw Zeeland achitevedzera dunhu reDutch rainzi Zeeland.  Pasinei nezvose zvaakanga aita, Tasman haana kubudirira zvachose pakufamba kwake. Kusangana nevanhu vechiMaori paSouth Island yeNew Zealand kwakaguma nokurwisana kwechisimba, uko kwasiya varume vana vaTasman vafa. Akadzokera kuBatavia asina kumbosangana nevanhu vomunyika yacho kana kutanga kutengeserana navo. Kunyange zvakadaro, rwendo rwaTasman rwakaita kuti vanhu vokuEurope vatange kutsvaka dzimwe nzvimbo muAustralia neNew Zealand. Tasman akaramba achishandira Dutch East India Company kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1659, achisiya nhaka somumwe wevaongorori vakakurumbira zvikuru venguva yake.  Mavambo uye hupenyu hwepakutanga  Mufananidzo waAbel Tasman, mudzimai wake nomwanasikana. Yakanyorwa naJacob Gerritsz Cuyp, 1637 (haisi yechokwadi). Abel Tasman akaberekwa munenge muna 1603 muLutjegast, musha muduku uri muruwa rweGroningen, kuchamhembe kweNetherlands. Tsime rekare rinotaura nezvake rakanyorwa musi wa 27 Zvita 1631 apo, semunhu aifamba mugungwa aigara muAmsterdam, ane makore makumi maviri nemasere akaroora Jannetje Tjaers ane makore makumi maviri nerimwe, wePalmstraat mudunhu reJordaan reguta.  Kutamisirwa kuDutch East Indies Achishandira Dutch East India Company (VOC), Tasman akafamba nechikepe kubva kuTexel (Netherlands) kuenda kuBatavia, yava Jakarta, muna 1633 achitora nzira yokuchamhembe yeBrouwer. Paaiva muBatavia, Tasman akaenda kuSeram Island (yava kunzi Maluku Province muIndonesia) nokuti vagari vemo vakanga vatengesa zvinonhuhwirira kune dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope kunze kwechiDutch. Iye akapukunyuka rufu apo mukumhara kusina ngwariro vanoverengeka vavaifamba navo vakaurawa navagari vechitsuwa chacho.  Pakazosvika August 1637, Tasman akanga adzokera kuAmsterdam, uye gore rakatevera racho akanyoresa kuti ashande mamwe makore gumi uye akaenda nomudzimai wake kuBatavia. Pana 25 March 1638 akaedza kutengesa pfuma yake muJordaan, asi kutenga kwakamiswa.  Akanga ari mutevedzeri wemutungamiri we1639 rwendo rwekutsvaga kuchamhembe kwePacific pasi paMatthijs Quast. Ngarava dzacho dzaisanganisira ngarava dzainzi Engel naGracht uye dzakasvika kuFort Zeelandia (Dutch Formosa) neDeshima (chitsuwa chakagadzirwa nevanhu pedyo neNagasaki, kuJapan).  Rwendo Rwokutanga Rukuru Muna August 1642, Council of the Indies, yaisanganisira Antonie van Diemen, Cornelis van der Lijn, Joan Maetsuycker, Justus Schouten, Salomon Sweers, Cornelis Witsen, naPieter Boreel muBatavia vakatumira Tasman naFranchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher parwendo rwekutsvaga kunzvimbo dzisina kunyorwa kumabvazuva kweCape of Good Hope, kumadokero kweStaten Land (pedyo neCape Horn yeSouth America) uye kumaodzanyemba kweSolomon Islands.  Chimwe chezvinangwa chacho chaiva chokuwana zivo ye"zvinhu zvose zvisingazivikanwi zvachose" zveMapurovhinzi eBhishi. Iyi yakanga iri nzvimbo inonzi yakanga isipo asi inonzi yaiva nendarama yakawanda, iyo yakanga yaoneka pamamepu eEurope kubvira muzana remakore rechi15, somugumisiro wokukanganisa mune dzimwe shanduro dzemabasa aMarco Polo.  Rwendo rwacho rwaifanira kushandisa ngarava duku mbiri, Heemskerck neZeehaen.  Mauritius Maererano nemirayiridzo yaVisscher, Tasman akafamba nechikepe kubva kuBatavia musi wa14 August 1642 ndokusvika kuMauritius musi wa5 September 1642, maererano nebhuku romukuru wengarava. Chikonzero chacho chaiva chokuti vashandi vacho vaigona kudya zvakanaka pachitsuwa chacho; paiva nemvura yakachena yakawanda nehuni dzokugadzira ngarava. Tasman akawana betsero yomubati Adriaan van der Stel.  Nemhaka yemhepo dzakasimba, Mauritius yakasarudzwa senzvimbo yokuchinja. Pashure pokugara kwevhiki ina pachitsuwa chacho, ngarava dzose dziri mbiri dzakabva musi wa8 October dzichishandisa Roaring Forties kuti dziende kumabvazuva nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. (Hapana akanga aenda kure sezvakaita Pieter Nuyts muna 1626/27.) Musi waNovember 7, chando nechimvuramabwe zvakaita kuti dare revafambisi vechikepe richinje nzira kuenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, nechinangwa chokuenda kuSolomon Islands.  Tasmania  Matombo ari pamhenderekedzo yeTasman Peninsula Musi wa24 November 1642, Tasman akasvika ndokuona mhenderekedzo yokumadokero yeTasmania, kuchamhembe kweMacquarie Harbour. Akatumidza zvaakawana kuti Nyika yaVan Diemen, achitevedzera Antonio van Diemen, Gavhuna Mukuru weDutch East Indies.  Ichipfuurira kumaodzanyemba, Tasman akakomberedza mugumo wokumaodzanyemba weTasmania ndokutendeukira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Ipapo akaedza kushanda nengarava dzake mbiri muAdventure Bay pamhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva yeSouth Bruny Island, asi akafurirwa mugungwa nedutu. Akapa nzvimbo iyi zita rokuti Storm Bay. Mazuva maviri gare gare, musi wa1 December, Tasman akasvika kuchamhembe kweCape Frederick Hendrick kuchamhembe kweForestier Peninsula. Musi waDecember 2, zvikepe zviviri zvaiva pasi pomutungamiriri waPilot, Major Visscher, zvakafambisa zvikepe kuburikidza neMarion Narrows kupinda muBlackman Bay, uyezve kumadokero kusvika panobuda mvura yeBoomer Creek kwavakaunganidza "muriwo" unodyiwa. Tasman akatumidza gungwa racho kuti Frederick Hendrik Bay, raibatanidza North Bay yazvino, Marion Bay uye yava kunzi Blackman Bay. (Zita repakutanga reTasman, Frederick Henrick Bay, rakatamisirwa kunzvimbo yaro yazvino naMarion Dufresne muna 1772). Zuva rakatevera racho, kwakaedzwa kumhara muNorth Bay. Zvisinei, nokuti gungwa rakanga risina kugadzikana, muvezi wengarava akafamba nomumvura ndokusimudza mureza weNetherlands. Tasman akabva adaidza kuti nyika yacho yaiva yake musi wa3 December 1642.  Kwemamwe mazuva maviri, akapfuurira kutevera mhenderekedzo yegungwa yokumabvazuva akananga kuchamhembe kuti aone kuti yaisvika kure zvakadini. Apo nyika yakatendeukira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero paEddystone Point, akaedza kutevera mhenderekedzo yegungwa asi ngarava dzake dzakabva dzangoerekana dzarohwa neRoaring Forties dzichiungudza kuburikidza neBass Strait. Tasman akanga ari mubasa rokuwana Nyika yeZasi kwete zvimwe zvitsuwa, naizvozvo akangoerekana atendeukira kumabvazuva ndokuenderera mberi nokuvhima kwake nyika.  New Zealand  Murderers' Bay, rakadhirowewa naIsaack Gilsemans  Māori haka Tasman akanga aronga kuenda kuchamhembe asi sezvo mhepo yakanga isingafadzi akatendeukira kumabvazuva. Rwendo rwacho rwakatsungirira rwendo rwakaoma uye mune chimwe chezvakanyorwa naTasman mubhuku rake roupenyu, akataura kuti kambasi yake ndiyo chete yakanga yamuchengetedza ari mupenyu.  Pana December 13, 1642, vakaona nyika pamhenderekedzo yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero yeSouth Island yeNew Zealand, vachiva vokuEurope vokutanga kuona New Zealand. Tasman akautumidza kuti Staten Landt "kuitira kukudza States General" (paramende yeDutch). Akanyora kuti, "kunobvira kuti nyika iyi inobatana neStaten Landt asi haina chokwadi", achinongedzera kuIsla de los Estados, nyika ine zita rimwe chetero kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweSouth America, yakasangana nemufambisi wengarava wechiDutch Jacob Le Maire muna 1616. Zvisinei, muna 1643 rwendo rwaBrouwer rwokuValdivia rwakawana kuti Staaten Landt yakanga yakaparadzaniswa negungwa kubva kuNyika yokuMaodzanyemba yokufungidzira. Tasman akapfuurira, kuti: "Tinodavira kuti iri ndiro mhenderekedzo yegungwa yeSouthland isingazivikanwi". Tasman akafunga kuti akanga awana rutivi rwokumadokero rweTerra Australis yakanga yafungidzirwa kwenguva refu iyo yakatambanuka kuyambuka Pacific kusvika pedyo nomugumo wokumaodzanyemba weSouth America.  Pashure pokufamba nechokuchamhembe ndokuzoenda kumabvazuva kwemazuva mashanu, boka racho rakasvika pakadzika chikepe anenge makiromita 7 kubva pamhenderekedzo yegungwa iri kure neyava kunzi Golden Bay. Boka revaMaori rakakwasva riri muwaka (igwa) ndokurwisa vamwe vafambisi vengarava vakanga vachifambisa chikepe pakati pezvikepe zviviri zvechiDutch. Vafambisi vengarava vana vakarohwa neshamhu kusvikira vafa. Manheru anenge awa rimwe pashure pokunyura kwezuva takaona chiedza chakawanda pamhenderekedzo yegungwa uye ngarava ina pedyo nemhenderekedzo, mbiri dzadzo dzakapinda munzira dzichiuya kwatiri. Apo magwa edu maviri akadzokera kuzvikepe achishuma kuti akanga awana kwete asingasviki makubhiti gumi namatatu emvura, uye nokupinda kwezuva (rwakanyura shure kwepasi rakakwirira) vakanga vachiri anenge hafu yemamaira kubva pamhenderekedzo. Pashure pokunge vanhu vedu vapinda mungarava inenge mukombe mumwe, vanhu vaiva mumagwa maviri vakatanga kutidanidzira nenzwi risina kunaka, risina chinhu. Takanga tisinganzwisisi chinhu chipi nechipi chayo; zvisinei, apo vakadanidzirazve kanoverengeka takadanazve kwavari semhinduro yokufananidzira. Asi havana kuswedera pedyo. Vairidzawo kazhinji kazhinji chiridzwa, icho chaibudisa kurira kwakafanana nehwamanda dzevaMoor. Takaita kuti mumwe wavashandi vedu vengarava (uyo aigona kuridza zvishoma hwamanda) aridze nziyo kwavari somupinduri".  Sezvo Tasman akabuda mugungwa akacherechedza waka 22 pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, iyo "gumi nerimwe rakazara navanhu rakauya kwatiri". Waka yakasvika Zeehaen iyo yakabhomba ndokurova murume aiva muwaka wakakura zvikuru akanga akabata mureza muduku muchena. Mudziyo wokupfura wakabayawo rutivi rwewaka. Kwave kuchifungidzirwa kuti vaMaori vomunzvimbomo vakanga vafunga kuti vaDutch vakanga vachiedza kumhara munharaunda huru yokurima, iyo vaMaori vakanga vachiedza kudzivirira. Tasman akatumidza nzvimbo yacho kuti "Murderers' Bay".  Rwendo rwacho rwakabva rwaenda nechokuchamhembe, ruchiona Cook Strait, iyo yavakafunga kuti yaiva bay ndokuipa zita rokuti "Zeehaen's Bight". Mazita maviri ayo nzendo yacho yakapa kuzvikwangwani zviri kure kuchamhembe kweNew Zealand achiripo nanhasi: Cape Maria van Diemen neThree Kings Islands. (Cape Pieter Boreels yakatumidzwazve zita rokuti Cape Egmont naKaputeni James Cook makore 125 gare gare.)  Rwendo rwokudzokera  Tongatapu, chitsuwa chikuru cheTonga; mufananidzo waIsaack Gilsemans  Tongatapu bay nezvikepe zviviri; mufananidzo waIsaack Gilsemans Paakanga ava kudzokera kuBatavia, Tasman akasvika pachitsuwa cheTonga musi wa20 January 1643. Pavaipfuura nezvitsuwa zveFiji ngarava dzaTasman dzakapotsa dzaparara pamatombo ane ngozi ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweboka reFiji. Akanyora mepu yokumabvazuva kweVanua Levu neCikobia-i-Lau asati adzokera kugungwa.  Rwendo rwacho rwakadzokera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kuenda kuNew Guinea ndokusvika kuBatavia musi wa15 June 1643.  Rwendo Rwechipiri Rukuru Tasman akabva kuBatavia musi wa30 Ndira 1644 parwendo rwake rwechipiri aine ngarava nhatu (Limmen, Zeemeeuw uye ngarava inonzi Braek). Akatevera mhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba yeNew Guinea akananga kumabvazuva achiedza kuwana nzira yokuenda kurutivi rwokumabvazuva rweNew Holland. Zvisinei, akakundikana kusvika kuTorres Strait iri pakati peNew Guinea neAustralia, zvichida nemhaka yemahombekombe akawanda uye zvitsuwa zvaivharidzira nzira dzaaigona kufamba nadzo, uye akaenderera mberi nerwendo rwake achitevera mhenderekedzo yeGulf of Carpentaria achienda kumadokero achitevedza mahombekombe ekuchamhembe kweAustralia. Akanyora mepu yegungwa rokuchamhembe kweAustralia, achicherechedza New Holland nevanhu vayo. Akadzokera kuBatavia muna August 1644.  Kubva pakuona kweDutch East India Company, kuongorora kwaTasman kwakanga kuri kuodzwa mwoyo: akanga asina kuwana nharaunda ine tariro yokutengeserana kana kuti nzira itsva inobatsira yokufambisa. Kunyange zvazvo Tasman akagamuchirwa nomutsa paakadzoka, kambani yacho yakatsamwiswa kuti Tasman akanga asina kunyatsoongorora nyika dzaakawana, uye yakasarudza kuti "mutsvakurudzi anoshingaira" anofanira kusarudzwa nokuda kwedzimwe nzendo dzomunguva yemberi. Kwemakore anopfuura zana, kusvikira kunguva yaJames Cook, Tasmania neNew Zealand hazvina kushanyirwa navaEurope; nyika huru yeAustralia yakashanyirwa, asi kazhinji kazhinji netsaona bedzi.  Upenyu hwapashure Musi wa 2 Mbudzi 1644, Abel Tasman akagadzwa senhengo yeDare reRuramisiro muBatavia. Akaenda kuSumatra muna 1646, uye muna August 1647 kuSiam (yava kunzi Thailand) aine tsamba dzaibva kukambani achienda kuna Mambo. Muna May 1648, aitungamirira boka rakanga ratumirwa kuManila kuti riedze kubata nokupamba ngarava dzesirivha dzeSpain dzaibva kuAmerica, asi haana kubudirira uye akadzokera kuBatavia muna January 1649. Muna November 1649, akapomerwa mhosva uye akawanikwa aine mhaka yokuita kuti gore rakanga rapfuura aroverere mumwe wevarume vake pasina kutongwa, akambomiswa basa somutungamiriri wehondo, akaripiswa, uye akamanikidzwa kubhadhara muripo kuhama dzomufambisi wengarava. Musi wa 5 Ndira 1651, akadzorerwa pachinzvimbo chake uye akapedza makore ake ose ari kuBatavia. Akanga ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, ari mumwe wavaridzi venyika vakakura mutaundi. Akafira muBatavia musi wa10 Gumiguru 1659 uye akasiyiwa nemudzimai wake wechipiri nemwanasikana nemudzimai wake wekutanga. Zvinhu zvake zvakakamurwa pakati pomudzimai wake nomwanasikana wake. Muchido chake (chakatanga muna 1657), akasiya guilders 25 kuvarombo vomumusha wake, Lutjegast.  Kunyange zvazvo mutyairi wendege waTasman, Frans Visscher, akabudisa Memoir pamusoro pokuwanwa kweNyika yokuSouth muna 1642, bhuku raTasman rakadzama harina kubudiswa kutozosvikira muna 1898. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamwe machati ake nemamepu zvaizivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda uye zvaishandiswa nevatsvakurudzi vakazotevera. Chinyorwa chakasainwa naAbel Tasman chechikepe cha1642 chakachengetwa muDutch National Archives muThe Hague.  Nhaka Rwendo rwaTasman rwemwedzi gumi muna 1642/43 rwakava nemigumisiro inokosha. Kupfurikidza nokufamba achitenderera Australia (kunyange zvazvo ari kure) Tasman akaratidza kuti kondinendi duku yechishanu yakanga isina kubatanidzwa nekondinendi yechitanhatu ipi neipi yakakura, yakadai seKondinendi yeZasi yaifungidzirwa kwenguva refu. Uyezve, pfungwa yaTasman yokuti New Zealand yaiva rutivi rwokumadokero rweKondinendi iyoyo yokumaodzanyemba yakatorwa navanyori vemifananidzo veEurope vakawanda avo, nokuda kwezana ramakore rakatevera, vakaratidzira New Zealand sorutivi rwokumavirira rweTerra Australis inomuka zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumvura dzakapoteredza Tierra del Fuego. Pfungwa iyi yakazopedzisira yarambwa naKaputeni Cook paakafamba achitenderera New Zealand muna 1769.  Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakatumidzwa zita raTasman, kusanganisira:  chitsuwa cheAustralia uye nyika yeTasmania, yakatumidzwa zita rake, yaimbova nyika yaVan Diemen. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai seizvi: Tasman Peninsula. Bhiriji reTasman. Mugwagwa Mukuru weTasman. Gungwa reTasman.  muNew Zealand: Girazi reTasman. Tasman Lake. rwizi rwaTasman. Gomo reTasman. Abel Tasman National Park. Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere. Dunhu reTasman. Chivako chaAbel Tasman.
Chokwadi, heino pfupiso pamusoro paAbel Janszoon Tasman:  Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch: [ˈɑbəl ˈjɑnsoːn ˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 <unk> 10 Gumiguru 1659) aive mufambisi wengarava wechiDutch uye muongorori anonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvekufamba kwake kwe1642 uye 1644 achishandira Dutch East India Company (VOC). Akagadzwa neVOC kuti aongorore nzvimbo dzisina kunyorwa pamepu dzeSouth Pacific Ocean uye akawana Van Diemen's Land, Staten Landt, uye Nieuw Zeeland. Pasinei nezvose zvaakanga aita, rwendo rwake rwakanga rusina kubudirira zvachose nemhaka yokurwisana nechisimba nevanhu vechiMaori paSouth Island yeNew Zealand. Kunyange zvakadaro, rwendo rwake rwakaita kuti vanhu vokuEurope vatange kutsvaka dzimwe nzvimbo muAustralia neNew Zealand. Abel Tasman akaberekwa munenge muna 1603 muLutjegast, musha muduku uri muruwa rweGroningen, kuchamhembe kweNetherlands.  Akashumira Dutch East India Company kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1659, achisiya nhaka somumwe wevaongorori vakakurumbira zvikuru venguva yake. Akanga akavimbiswa kuroora Jannetje Tjaers ane makore 21, wePalmstraat mudunhu reJordaan reguta, uye akatora chikamu parwendo rwekuenda kuSeram Island. Akanga ari mutevedzeri wemutungamiri we1639 wekutsvakurudza kuenda kuchamhembe kwePacific pasi peMatthijs Quast, iyo yakasvika Fort Zeelandia uye Deshima.  Council of the Indies yakatumira Tasman naFranchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher parwendo rwokunoongorora maProvince of Beach, ayo akanga aoneka pamepu dzeEurope kubvira muzana remakore rechi15. Tasman akaedza kumhara muNorth Bay, asi gungwa rakanga rakanyanyisa, naizvozvo akatendeuka ndokupfuurira kunzvera kwake kondinendi. Tasman nevashandi vake vakaona nyika pamhenderekedzo yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweNew Zealand, vachiitumidza kuti Staten Landt mukuremekedza States General. Rwendo rwaTasman rwakasangana neboka revaMaori rakarwisa vafambisi vengarava vana ndokutumidza nzvimbo yacho kuti "Murderers' Bay".  Rwendo rwechipiri rwaTasman rwakaodza mwoyo kambani yeDutch East India Company, iyo yakasarudza kuti muongorori akanga asingaregi anofanira kusarudzwa nokuda kworwendo rwomunguva yemberi. Rwendo rwaTasman muna 1642-43 rwakabvumikisa kuti kondinendi duku yechishanu yakanga isina kubatanidzwa nekondinendi ipi neipi huru yechitanhatu, uye chikarakadzo chake chokuti New Zealand yakanga iri rutivi rwokumadokero rweKondinendi iyoyo yokuMaodzanyemba chakagamuchirwa navanyori vemifananidzo veEurope.  Vanhu vokuTasmania vakatumidza nzvimbo mazita avo, kusanganisira Tasman Peninsula, Tasman Highway, Tasman Glacier, Tasman Lake, Mount Tasman, uye Abel Tasman Monument.