Ubani uHugo Chavez?
Context:U-Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (isiSpanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as] (lalela); 28 Julayi 1954 <unk> 5 Mashi 2013[b]) wayengusopolitiki waseVenezuela owayengumongameli waseVenezuela kusukela ngo-1999 waze washona ngo-2013, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esifushane ngo-2002. UChávez wayebuye abe ngumholi weqembu lezombusazwe i-Fifth Republic Movement kusukela ekusungulweni kwalo ngo-1997 kwaze kwaba ngo-2007, lapho ihlangana namanye amaqembu amaningi ukwakha i-United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), ayihola kwaze kwaba ngu-2012.
U-Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (isiSpanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as] (lalela); 28 Julayi 1954 <unk> 5 Mashi 2013[b]) wayengusopolitiki waseVenezuela owayengumongameli waseVenezuela kusukela ngo-1999 waze washona ngo-2013, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esifushane ngo-2002. UChávez wayebuye abe ngumholi weqembu lezombusazwe i-Fifth Republic Movement kusukela ekusungulweni kwalo ngo-1997 kwaze kwaba ngo-2007, lapho ihlangana namanye amaqembu amaningi ukwakha i-United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), ayihola kwaze kwaba ngu-2012.  Wazalelwa emndenini osezingeni eliphakathi eSabaneta, eBarinas, uChávez waba yisikhulu sezempi somsebenzi futhi, ngemuva kokunganeliseki ngohlelo lwezepolitiki lwaseVenezuela olususelwa ku-Puntofijo Pact, wasungula i-clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. UChávez wahola i-MBR-200 ekuvukeleni kwayo okungaphumelelanga ngokumelene nohulumeni we-Democratic Action kaMongameli uCarlos Andrés Pérez ngo-1992, lapho aboshwa khona. Exolelwe ejele eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wasungula iqembu lezombusazwe iFifth Republic Movement, wabe esethola amavoti angama-56.2%, wakhethwa njengomongameli waseVenezuela ngo-1998. Waphinde wakhethwa ngonyaka ka-2000 ngamavoti angu-59.8% futhi waphinde wakhethwa ngo-2006 ngamavoti angu-62.8%. Ngemuva kokuwina isikhathi sakhe sesine njengoMongameli okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-Okthoba 2012 ngokuncipha kuye kuma-55.1% wamavoti, wayezofungiswa ngomhlaka 10 Januwari 2013. Kodwa-ke, ukwethulwa kwahlehliswa ngenxa yokwelashwa kwakhe umdlavuza, kwathi ngoMashi 5 eneminyaka engama-58, washona eCaracas.  Ngemva kokwamukelwa komthetho-sisekelo omusha ngo-1999, uChávez wagxila ekuthuthukiseni izinguquko zenhlalo njengengxenye yeBolivarian Revolution. Esebenzisa imali engenayo ephezulu kakhulu kawoyela ngawo-2000, uhulumeni wakhe wasusa izimboni ezibalulekile, wasungula amaKhansela Omphakathi abusa ngokwentando yeningi futhi wasebenzisa izinhlelo zenhlalo ezaziwa ngokuthi yizithunywa zaseBolivar zokwandisa ukufinyelela kokudla, izindlu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo. Izinzuzo eziphezulu zikawoyela ezihambisana nokuqala kokuphatha kukaChavez kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhashana ezindaweni ezinjengobuphofu, ukufunda nokubhala, ukulingana kwemali kanye nekhwalithi yempilo phakathi kuka-2003 no-2007, yize kungenzekanga izinguquko ezinkulu ekungalingani kwesakhiwo. NgoJuni 2, 2010, uChavez wamemezela "impi yezomnotho" emakilasini aphezulu aseVenezuela ngenxa yokushoda, okungenzeka ukuthi kwaqala inkinga eVenezuela. Ekupheleni kokubusa kukaChavez ekuqaleni kwawo-2010, izenzo zezomnotho ezenziwa uhulumeni wakhe phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyedlule, njengokusebenzisa imali engaphansi kanye nokulawulwa kwamanani, kwabonakala kungenakugcinwa, nomnotho waseVenezuela uhluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubumpofu, ukwehla kwamandla emali nokuntuleka kokudla kwanda.  Ngaphansi kukaChávez, iVenezuela yabhekana nokuhlehla kwentando yeningi, njengoba ayecindezela abezindaba, elawula imithetho yokhetho, futhi ebopha futhi exosha abagxeki bakahulumeni. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe izenzo zokuvumela kanye nokusebenzisa kukahulumeni wakhe inkulumo-ze kwakuyimpikiswano. Ukubusa kukaChavez kwabona ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga lokubulawa kwabantu ezweni kanye nenkohlakalo eqhubekayo emaphoyiseni nakuhulumeni.  Kuwo wonke amaqembu ezombusazwe, uChávez uthathwa njengomunye wosopolitiki abanethonya kakhulu nabanempikiswano emlandweni wanamuhla waseVenezuela naseLatin America. Ukuba kwakhe ngumongameli iminyaka engu-14 kwaphawula ukuqala "kwe-pink tide" yenhlalakahle ehlanganisa iLatin America - wasekela ukubambisana kweLatin America neCaribbean futhi waba nesandla ekusunguleni i-pan-regional Union of South American Nations, i-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, i-Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, iBhange laseNingizimu kanye nenethiwekhi yethelevishini yesifunda iTeleSUR. Emhlabeni wonke, uChávez wazihlanganisa nohulumeni bamaMarxist-Leninist kaFidel noRaúl Castro eCuba, kanye nohulumeni bobusoshiyali baka-Evo Morales eBolivia, Rafael Correa e-Ecuador noDaniel Ortega eNicaragua. Imibono, izinhlelo, nesitayela sikaChávez zakha isisekelo se-"Chavismo", inkolelo - mbono yezombangazwe ehlobene kakhulu neBolivarianism ne-socialism yekhulu lama - 21. UChávez wachaza izinqubomgomo zakhe njengezingezona ezobukhosi, ngokuba yisitha esivelele senqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-United States kanye nomgxeki ovelele we-neoliberalism kanye ne-laissez-faire capitalism. Wazichaza ngokuthi ungumMarxist.