Ipa pfupiso yebasa raOliver Cromwell Applegate uye makore akazotevera.
Context:Kaputeni Oliver Cromwell Applegate (June 11, 1845 <unk> October 11, 1938) aiva American wezvematongerwo enyika, pepanhau mupepeti, uye Indian mumiririri muU.S. mamiriro Oregon. Nhengo yemhuri yeApplegate yakabatsira kuvhura Applegate Trail, akarererwa muSouthern Oregon kwaakazova mutariri weKlamath Indian Reservation. Akashanda somusori mukati meHondo yeModoc, akanga ari mumiriri weIndia weOregon yose, uye akanga ari mupepeti weAshland Tidings neKlamath Republican.  Makore okutanga Oliver Applegate akaberekerwa muimba yematanda muYamhill District, mune yava Polk County, Oregon, musi waJune 11, 1845. Panguva iyoyo nzvimbo yacho yaiva chikamu cheOregon Country, asi muna 1848 yakava chikamu cheOregon Territory. Akanga ari mwanakomana wechitanhatu uye mwana wechinomwe womupiyona anozivikanwa zvikuru, Lindsay Applegate, chizvarwa chomuKentucky, nomudzimai wake, Elizabeth (Miller) Applegate, uyo akaberekerwa muTennessee muna 1816. Lindsay Applegate akanga ari mumwe wevatungamiri veGreat Migration ya1843 iyo yakaita kuti Oregon ive yeAmerica uye yakanga yakakurumbira muhondo dzekutanga dzeIndia, uye semuongorori.  Apo Oliver Applegate akanga ane makore mashanu, mhuri yakatamira kuYoncalla Valley pakati peOregon kumadokero; kwaingova nemamwe mhuri nhatu kana ina munharaunda iyoyo panguva iyoyo kunze kweApplegate contingent, iyo yaisanganisira hama, Charles, Lindsay naJesse, nemhuri dzavo.  Gadziriro yezvikoro zvevoruzhinji yakanga iri yepakutanga panguva iyeyo, uye kupfuurira kwazvo kwakanga kusingagoni kuvimbwa nako kwamavhiki anopfuura mashomanene kana kuti mwedzi mugore rimwe nerimwe. Mhuri dzeApplegate dzakanga dzakanyatsogoverwa mabhuku, zvisinei, kuti dziwedzere mikana shoma yezvidzidzo, uye semutemo vana veava varwi vane simba vemuganhu vakashandisa mukana wose wakapiwa kuti vazivise pfungwa dzavo, pamwe chete nokuva vatasvi vemabhiza vakakwana, vanobudirira mukushandiswa kwepfuti uye vakagadzirira hondo dzemuganhu dzaigona kuitika chero nguva nevagari vemo vomunyika.  Muna 1860 mhuri yakatamira kuSiskiyou Mountains pedyo nemuganhu weCalifornia, Lindsay Applegate ave muridzi wemugwagwa unobhadharwa pamusoro pemakomo, uye muna 1862, akatamira kuAshland, Oregon, iyo yakaramba iri imba yemhuri kwemakore mazhinji.  Basa Munguva yechando ya1862, Oliver akapinda chikoro chedunhu muAshland, uye gore rakatevera akagamuchira chitupa uye mumatsutso akatevera akava mudzidzisi, uye kwechando ina dzakatevedzana, akatungamira chikoro cheAshland. Muchirimo cha1863, akava nhengo yekambani yemauto yakazvimirira, iyo chete iri muSouthern Oregon, kambani yevatasvi vemabhiza inozivikanwa se "Mountain Rangers", iyo vazhinji vevagari vepamusoro venyika vaive. Akashanda somunhu oga mukambani iyi gore rokutanga, gore rechipiri somushandi uye mugore rechitatu akasarudzwa kaputeni, achigamuchira makomisheni ake asati asvika makore makumi maviri kubva kuna Addison C. Gibbs, gavhuna wehondo yekare yeOregon.  Muna 1865, baba vake vakagadzwa kuva United States Indian Agent pamusoro peKlamaths neModocs paFort Klamath. Mukuwirirana nechibvumirano cha 1864, vaIndia vaifanira kuunganidzwa paKlamath Reservation. Nhare yacho ndiyo yakanga iri nzvimbo bedzi kumabvazuva kweCascades munharaunda iyoyo yapedyo maiva navanhu vachena. Applegate muduku akagadzwa mubatsiri kumumiriri, uye ndiko kwaive kutanga kwebasa rakatora makore akati wandei, pasi pehutongi hwakasiyana hwevamiriri, panguva iyo yaakawana simba pamusoro pemadzinza ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweOregon, ayo aakazoshandisa zvakanaka gare gare apo Modoc kubuda kwe1872 kwakaitika. Iyi pesvedzero zvichida zvikuru kupfuura rimwe sangano ripi neripi rakaguma pakupedzisira nokushandurwa kwamarudzi echiIndia akanga akaoma zvikurusa kuva varimi navafudzi.  Pazera ramakore 21, Applegate akanga achitungamirira boka rakasiyana nemamwe ravasori, rainzi "Ax and Rifle Company", nokuti murume ari wose aifamba nechibage pamwe chete nepfuti. Iri boka raiumbwa navarume makumi mashanu, mutungamiriri murume bedzi muchena, nepo vakuru vakasiana-siana vamadzinza akasiana-siana vairatidzirwa savatsigiri navabatiri. Vakavhura nzira nomumasango emiti yemapine nokuda kwechitima chikuru chemotokari yezvokudya nemombe dzenyama dzaiuya kuKlamath agency kubva kuThe Dalles, zvichiratidza danho rokutanga mukutanga kwemabasa pasi pesungano ya1864 nokuda kwokubetserwa kwemadzinza okumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweOregon. Ikoku kwakanga kuri mukati mehondo navaIndia veNyoka kana kuti Paiute.  Kwenguva yakati Modoc asati apararira muna 1872, Applegate akanga achitarisira Yainax sub-agency, makiromita makumi mana kumadokero kwehofisi huru yesangano, ipapo pasi pekutarisirwa kwaAgent Laroy S. Dyar. Pedyo neYainax paiva neboka guru revaModoc raiva pasi pomukuru mukuru akare ane mukurumbira Schonchin, uye pamwe chete naye paifanira kugara mapoka ane mhirizhonga aiva pasi pomukuru mukuru wevaModoc, Kaputeni Jack. Nhau yokuti Kaputeni Jack neboka rake vakaramba sei kupinda munharaunda yacho, uye zviitiko zvakatevera, zvinoumba nhoroondo yeHondo yeModoc. Applegate akaita basa rinokosha muiri mutambo une ropa.  Muna 1873, akava Commissioner weU.S. ane simba rokutonga rakaputsa mutemo wehurumende munharaunda.  Muna 1876, dzimwe shamwari dzaApplegate dzakakumbira kuti agadzwe kuva mumiririri mukuru weIndia weOregon, achifungidzira kuti nenzira yakadaro ruzivo rwake rusina kujairika mukutarisira nyaya dzeIndia runogona kushandiswa nechinangwa chakanaka mukusimudzira mamiriro anofambira mberi kumasangano akati wandei mudunhu. Ex-Senator Nesmith, uyo akanga ari weDemocratic, akanga ari mutsigiri anoshingaira wechirongwa uye akanyora sezvinotevera, kuna Hon. Zach Chandler, Munyori weGrant weMukati, uyo waakanga ashanda naye muU.S. Seneti: "VaApplegate murume ane tsika uye anokwanisa, uye, kusiyana neni, iye muRepublican akakurumbira uye akatendeseka sezvinobvira kuti munhu ave nemanzwiro ake ezvematongerwe enyika akaora. Muchandiregerera, ndinoziva, nokuda kwokukumbira kugadzwa kuhurumende yandisingabvumirani nayo, asi ndinoita kudaro kuti ndisimudzire kuchinja kwamakatanga nomufaro". Muna 1898, Applegate akatora mutoro weKlamath Reservation semumiriri weUnited States Indian, uye akashanda akadaro kwemakore mashanu. Dare reCongress rakazorega nzvimbo yemumiririri uye akagadzwa kuti ave mutariri webazi uye chikoro chekudzidzisa, chinzvimbo chaakasiya mushure mekushanda makore maviri.  Mukati menguva iyi yemakore manomwe akabetsera kugadzira zvirevo zveIndia zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni yemadhora nokuda kwenyika dzakabviswa mumhenderekedzo nokuda kwokuongorora kwemiganhu isina kururama, uye yakagadzira zvirongwa zvakakwana zvokuriridza nokurasa mvura, izvo zvakawedzera pfuma yemhenderekedzo, nharaunda inosvika pakukura kwehurumende yeDelaware.  Akazivikanwa nemabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana achitarisa kukudziridzwa kweSouthern Oregon, uye aiva nemukurumbira semunyori wezvose zviri zviviri prose uye ndima.  Makore apashure nemhuri Applegate akashanda semupepeti weAshland Tidings kutanga muna 1878, uye akazogadzirisa Klamath Republican.  Muna 1878, Applegate akaroora Miss Ella Anderson, mwanasikana waRev. Jesse Marion Anderson, piyona mufundisi weMethodist, uyo aizivikanwa zvikuru kumaodzanyemba kweOregon semurume anokwanisa uye anokosha. Mwenga wacho, kufanana nomuroori, akanga ari chizvarwa cheOregon, akaberekerwa munharaunda yacho muna 1855. Vaiva nevanakomana vatatu nevanasikana vatatu. Frank Lindsay, dangwe, akaberekwa October 10, 1879; Annie Elizabeth, September 13, 1881; Laroy Gilbert, August 19, 1885; Rachel Emma, November 23, 1887; Jennie Margaret, April 5, 1894; uye Oliver C., Jr., July 5, 1896. Kubva muna 1912, Applegate aigara kuKlamath Falls, Klamath County, Oregon. Mune zvematongerwe enyika, aiva muRepublican uye nhume kuRepublican National Convention muChicago muna 1892. Oliver C. Applegate akafa musi waOctober 11, 1938, ava nemakore 93. Iye ndiye ane zita reApplegate Peak muCrater Lake National Park.
Oliver akapedza basa rake rokutanga somudzidzisi pachikoro cheAshland uyewo senhengo yeMountain Rangers. Akakurumidza kukwira mumapoka achitanga somurwi ndokuendeswa kumukuru wemauto mumakore matatu.  Muna 1865, Oliver akagadzwa kuva mubatsiri kuUnited States Indian Agent, uyo akaitikawo kuva baba vake. Kubva ipapo, Oliver akapedza makore anoverengeka achishanda pasi pehutongi hwakawanda hwemasangano hwakamutendera kuti awane simba pamusoro pemadzinza ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweOregon. Pesvedzero yaakawana yaizova inobatsira apo denda reModoc rakaitika muna 1872. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukushandurwa kwamarudzi echiIndia anoramba zvikurusa kuva varimi navafudzi.  Muna 1876, shamwari dzaOliver Applegate dzaida kuti ashandise ruzivo rwake, kubva pakushanda nenyaya dzevaIndia, kuti agadzwe kuva mukuru weIndia Agent weOregon. Muna 1989, Applegate akava United States Indian Agent weKlamath Reservation kusvikira Congress ikarega chinzvimbo makore mashanu gare gare.  Muna 1878, Applegate akatanga basa somupepeti weAshland Tidings uye akaroora Miss Ella Anderson. Oliver Applegate aiva navana 6 pakati pa 1879 na 1896.