Fingqa icala likaBrown neBhodi Yezemfundo YaseTopeka ngomusho owodwa.
Context:Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), kwakuyisinqumo esiyingqophamlando seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S., esahlulela ukuthi imithetho yezwe lase-U.S. esungula ukuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga ezikoleni zomphakathi ayihambisani nomthethosisekelo, noma ngabe izikole ezihlukanisiwe zilingana ngekhwalithi. Lesi sinqumo sachitha ingxenye yesinqumo seNkantolo sika-1896 uPlessy v. Ferguson, esasibambe ukuthi imithetho yokuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga ayizange iphule uMthethosisekelo wase-US inqobo nje uma izikhungo zohlanga ngalunye zazilingana ngekhwalithi, imfundiso eyaziwa ngokuthi "ihlukanisiwe kodwa ilingana". [1] Isinqumo seNkantolo eBrown savula indlela yokuhlanganiswa futhi saba ukunqoba okukhulu kwenhlangano yamalungelo abantu, kanye nemodeli yamacala amaningi omthelela wokuphikisana.  Icala eliyisisekelo laqala ngo-1951 lapho isimiso sesikole somphakathi eTopeka, eKansas, senqaba ukubhalisa indodakazi yomhlali omnyama wendawo u-Oliver Brown esikoleni samabanga aphansi esiseduze nasekhaya labo, kunalokho yamcela ukuba agibele ibhasi aye esikoleni esihlukanisiwe sabamnyama esikude. AbakwaBrowns neminye imikhaya emnyama eyishumi nambili yasendaweni eyayisesimweni esifanayo bafaka isimangalo sokumangalela iqembu enkantolo yase-U.S. federal ngokumelene neBhodi Yezemfundo yaseTopeka, bethi inqubomgomo yayo yokuhlukanisa abantu ngokobuhlanga yayingahambisani nomthetho-sisekelo. Inkantolo ekhethekile yabahluleli abathathu yeNkantolo yesiFunda yase-U.S. yesiFunda saseKansas yakhipha isahlulelo ngokumelene nabakwaBrown, ithembele esiphethweni sikaPlessy v. Ferguson nemfundiso yaso ethi "bahlukene kodwa bayalingana". AbakwaBrown, abamelelwa ummeli oyinhloko we-NAACP uThurgood Marshall, babe sebedlulisela isinqumo ngokuqondile eNkantolo Ephakeme.  Ngo-May 1954, iNkantolo Ephakeme yakhipha isinqumo esivumelanayo esingu-9 <unk> 0 esivuna abakwaBrown. INkantolo yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi "izikhungo zemfundo ezihlukene ngokwemvelo azilingani", ngakho-ke imithetho eziphoqelelayo iphula i-Equal Protection Clause yeSichibiyelo Seshumi Nesine soMthethosisekelo wase-U.S. Nokho, amakhasi angu-14 aleso sinqumo awazange achaze noma yiluphi uhlobo lwendlela yokuqeda ukucwaswa ngokobuhlanga ezikoleni, futhi isinqumo sesibili seNkantolo ecaleni likaBrown II (349 U.S. 294 (1955)) sayala kuphela izifundazwe ukuba ziqede ukucwaswa ngokobuhlanga "ngokushesha okukhulu".  ENingizimu ye-United States, ikakhulukazi "eNingizimu Ejulile", lapho ukuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga kwakugxilile khona, ukusabela kukaBrown kubantu abaningi abamhlophe "kwakunomsindo futhi kunenkani". Abaholi abaningi bezombusazwe nabaseNingizimu bamukela uhlelo olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-"Massive Resistance", olwadalwa uSenator waseVirginia uHarry F. Byrd, ukuze aphazamise imizamo yokubaphoqa ukuba bahlukane nezinhlelo zabo zesikole. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, ecaleni likaCooper v. Aaron, iNkantolo yaqinisekisa isinqumo sayo ecaleni likaBrown, futhi yasho ngokusobala ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni nezishaya-mthetho zazingenawo amandla okuchitha isinqumo sayo.
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka kwakuyisinqumo esavunyelwana ngo-1954 seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. sokuthi ukuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga ezikoleni zomphakathi zase-U.S. kwakungekho emthethweni, okwavula indlela yamalungelo abantu nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanga.