Nikeza isifinyezo esifushane, esinemigqa yalokho izazi-mlando ezikubheka njengembangela yeMpi ka-1812
Context:Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi ka-1812, izazi-mlando sekuyisikhathi eside ziphikisana ngesisindo esihlobene sezizathu eziningi ezisekela imvelaphi yayo.  Phakathi nekhulu le-19, izazi-mlando ngokuvamile zaphetha ngokuthi impi yayimenyezelwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yenkazimulo kazwelonke, amalungelo asolwandle angathathi hlangothi nokubanjwa kweBrithani kwemikhumbi engathathi hlangothi nemithwalo yayo olwandle oluvulekile. Lesi sihloko sasiyisisekelo sesigijimi sempi sikaMongameli uJames Madison ayesithumela kuyiCongress ngoJune 1, 1812. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iningi labafundi besikhathi samanje laphinde lahlaziya le ncazelo futhi laqala ukugxila kakhulu ezintweni ezingezona ezasolwandle njengezimbangela ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla. Nokho, isazi-mlando uWarren H. Goodman siyaxwayisa ngokuthi ukugxila kakhulu kule mibono kungaba okudukisayo ngokufanayo.  Ngokungavumelani nalezo zincazelo eziye zagcizelela nje ukufuna ukunqoba amazwe futhi zanciphisa ukuhileleka kwezindaba zasolwandle, izazi-mlando ziye zayishaya indiva imizwa ejulile yaseMelika yokuphepha kukazwelonke, amaphupho ezwekazi elilawulwa ngokuphelele yi-United States engumbuso wezwe, nobufakazi bokuthi abantu abaningi baseMelika babekholelwa ukuthi iMpi ka-1812 yayiyoba ithuba lokuba i-United States ifinyelele ekuhlanganisweni kweCanada okwase kuyisikhathi eside ikufisa. [...] UThomas Jefferson wafingqa kahle umbono weningi laseMelika ngempi [...] lapho ethi "ukuncishiswa kweCanada [...] kumelwe kube yisidingo esiyisisekelo esivumelwaneni sokuthula". - Horsman  Isazi-mlando uRichard Maass sithi indaba yokwanda kwamazwe inganekwane ephikisana "nokuvumelana okuvamile phakathi kochwepheshe kokuthi injongo eyinhloko yaseMelika kwakuwukuqeda imikhawulo yaseBrithani yasolwandle". Uthi izazi ziyavuma ukuthi i - United States yaya empini "ngoba iminyaka eyisithupha yokuvinjelwa kwezomnotho yayihlulekile ukuletha iBrithani etafuleni lezokuxoxisana, futhi ukusongela isisekelo sokunikezela kweRoyal Navy yaseCanada kwakuwukuphela kwethemba labo". UMaass uyavuma ukuthi ukwanda kwezwe kwakungase kulingeke abaseMelika ezingeni elingokwengqondo, kodwa uthola ukuthi "abaholi babesaba imiphumela yezombangazwe yasekhaya yokwenza kanjalo", ikakhulukazi ngoba ukwanda okunjalo "kwagxila emazweni asentshonalanga angenabantu abaningi kunokuba kube yizindawo ezinabantu abaningi empumalanga". Ngokwezinga abaholi baseMelika abacabanga ngalo ngendaba yokufuna indawo eCanada, leyo mibuzo "yavela ngenxa yempi kunokuba ibe imbangela". Nokho, uMaass uyavuma ukuthi izazi-mlando eziningi ziyaqhubeka zikholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwamazwe kwakuyimbangela.  UReginald Horsman ubona ukuthi ukwanda kwezwe kuyimbangela yesibili ngemva kwezinkinga zasolwandle, ephawula ukuthi izazi-mlando eziningi ziye zalahla ngephutha ukwanda kwezwe njengembangela yempi. Uveza ukuthi kwakubhekwa njengokhiye wokugcina ibhalansi yesigaba phakathi kwezifunda zamahhala nezigqila ezilahlwe ukuxazululwa kweMelika e-Louisiana Territory futhi kusekelwa kabanzi ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zamalungu eKongress War Hawk njengoHenry Clay, uFelix Grundy, uJohn Adams Harper noRichard Mentor Johnson, abavotela impi ngokwandiswa njengenhloso eyinhloko. Nokho, uHorsman uthi ngokombono wakhe "isifiso seCanada asizange sibangele iMpi ka-1812" nokuthi "i-United States ayizange imemezele impi ngoba ifuna ukuthola iCanada, kodwa ukutholwa kweCanada kwakubhekwa njengenzuzo enkulu yokungqubuzana".  Kodwa-ke, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi isifiso sokuhlanganisa iCanada unomphela sasiyimbangela eqondile yempi. UCarl Benn uphawula ukuthi isifiso seWar Hawks sokuhlanganisa iCanadas sasifana nentshiseko yokuhlanganiswa kweFlorida yaseSpain ngabakhileyo eNingizimu Melika njengoba bobabili belindele ukuthi impi izosiza ukunwetshwa emazweni afiswa isikhathi eside futhi iqede ukwesekwa kwezizwe eziphikisayo (iTecumseh's Confederacy eNyakatho kanye neCreek eSouth).  U - Alan Taylor uthi amalungu amaningi esishayamthetho angamaDemocratic-Republican anjengoJohn Adams Harper, uRichard Mentor Johnson noPeter Buell Porter "ayefisa ukuxosha abaseBrithani kuleli zwekazi futhi bahlanganise neCanada". AbaseNingizimu abambalwa bamelana nalokhu, besaba ukungalingani kwamazwe akhululekile nalawo agqilaziwe uma iCanada ihlanganiswa. Ukuphikisana nobuKatolika futhi kwabangela abaningi ukuba bamelane nokuhlanganiswa kweLower Canada enamaKatolika amaningi, bekholelwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zakhona ezikhuluma isiFulentshi zazingafaneleki "ukuba izakhamuzi zombuso".  Ngisho nabantu abavelele abanjengoHenry Clay noJames Monroe babelindele ukugcina okungenani i-Upper Canada ithathwa kalula. Ojenene abavelele baseMelika abanjengoWilliam Hull bakhipha izimemezelo kubantu baseCanada phakathi nempi bethembisa ukukhululwa kweRiphabhulikhi ngokufakwa e-United States. Ujenene uAlexander Smyth ngokufanayo wamemezela emabuthweni akhe lapho ehlasela iCanada ukuthi "uzongena ezweni elizokuba elinye laseUnited States. Niyofika phakathi kwabantu abayoba izakhamuzi zakini". Nokho, ukungacaci ngezinhloso zaseMelika kwazicekela phansi lezi zikhalo.  UDavid noJeanne Heidler bathi "izazi-mlando eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi iMpi ka-1812 ayizange ibangelwe ukwanda kodwa kunalokho yabonisa ukukhathazeka kwangempela kwamazwe aseMelika ukuvikela amalungelo okungathathi hlangothi e-United States ekubuseni kobushiqela beBritish Navy. Lokho akusho ukuthi izisusa zokunqoba ngeke zivele empini". Kodwa-ke, baphikisana nokunye, bethi "ukuthola iCanada kuzokwanelisa izifiso zokwanda kweMelika", futhi bakuchaza njengomgomo oyinhloko wabasekeli bokwanda basentshonalanga abakholelwa ukuthi "ukuqeda ubukhona baseBrithani eCanada kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukufeza" umgomo wabo wokumisa ukwesekwa kweBrithani ekuhlaselweni kwezizwe. Bathi "impikiswano eqhubekayo" iphathelene nokubaluleka kokunwetshwa njengesici, nokuthi "ukunwetshwa kudlale indima enkulu ekubangeleni iMpi ka-1812 kunokukhathazeka kwamaMelika ngokuvikela amalungelo asolwandle angathathi hlangothi".  Ngawo-1960, umsebenzi kaNorman K. Risjord, Reginald Horsman, Bradford Perkins noRoger Brown wasungula ukuvumelana okusha kwasempumalanga. Nakuba laba babhali babheka umsuka wempi ngezindlela eziningi, bonke bavuma ukuthi inqubomgomo yaseBrithani yasolwandle yayiyimbangela eyinhloko yempi.
Izazi-mlando ezihlukahlukene zikholelwa ukuthi impi ka-1812 yabangelwa: 1. Izinkomo Inhlonipho kazwelonke, amalungelo asolwandle angathathi hlangothi, nokuthunjwa kwemikhumbi yempi 2. Izingelosi Isifiso se-United States sokuhlanganisa iCanada unomphela 3. Izindaba Ezinhle Inqubomgomo yasolwandle yaseBrithani nokusongelwa kwayo kwe-United States