Kulesi siqephu, thola ukuthi ubani olawula iPanama Canal
Context:Umsele wasePanama ngumgwaqo wamanzi owenziwe ngamakhilomitha angama-82 (51 mi) ePanama oxhumanisa i-Atlantic Ocean nePacific Ocean futhi ohlukanisa iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Lo msele unqamula i - Isthmus yasePanama futhi uyindlela yokuhweba olwandle. Omunye wemisebenzi yobunjiniyela emikhulu neyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke eyake yenziwa, indlela emfushane yePanama Canal inciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuba imikhumbi ihambe phakathi kweLwandlekazi i-Atlantic neLwandlekazi iPacific, iyenze ikwazi ukugwema umzila omude, oyingozi weCape Horn ozungeza iningizimu yeNingizimu Melika ngeDrake Passage noma iStrait of Magellan.  IColombia, iFrance, futhi kamuva ne-United States yayilawula indawo ezungeze umsele ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. IFrance yaqala ukusebenza emseleni ngo-1881, kodwa yayeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali ngenxa yezinkinga zobunjiniyela kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabasebenzi. I - United States yathatha lo msebenzi ngo - May 4, 1904, futhi yavula lomsele ngo - August 15, 1914. I - U.S. yaqhubeka ilawula umsele kanye nePanama Canal Zone ezungezile kwaze kwaba yilapho iziVumelwano zika - 1977 Torrijos-Carter zihlinzeka ngokudluliselwa kwayo ePanama. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokulawulwa yiMelika nePanama, lo msele wathathwa uhulumeni wasePanama ngo-1999. Manje iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa yiGovernment-owned Panama Canal Authority.  Izikebhe ezisemaphethelweni omabili omsele zikhuphula imikhumbi iye echibini iGatun, ichibi elenziwe ngabantu eliphakeme ngamamitha angu-26 ngaphezu kolwandle, elakhiwa ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi wokumba odingekayo emseleni, bese kwehliswa imikhumbi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Izicabha zokuqala zinobubanzi obungamamitha angu-33,5. Umzila wesithathu, obanzi wezikhiye wakhiwa phakathi kukaSepthemba 2007 noMeyi 2016. Umzila wamanzi owandisiwe waqala ukusebenza kwezohwebo ngoJuni 26, 2016. Izicabha ezintsha zivumela ukuhamba kwemikhumbi emikhulu, iNew Panamax.  Umthamo wemikhumbi yonyaka uye wenyuka usuka cishe emikhunjini engu-1 000 ngo-1914, lapho kuvulwa umsele, waya emikhumbini engu-14 702 ngo-2008, ingqikithi yamathani ayizigidi ezingu-333,7 ePanama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS). Ngo-2012, kwase kudlule imikhumbi engaphezu kuka-815 000. Ngo-2017, imikhumbi yayithatha isilinganiso samahora angu-11.38 ukuze idlule phakathi kwezikhiya ezimbili zomsele. I-American Society of Civil Engineers iye yabala iPanama Canal phakathi kwezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba wanamuhla.
IColombia, iFrance, futhi kamuva ne-United States yayilawula indawo ezungeze umsele wasePanama ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. IFrance yaqala lo msebenzi ngo-1881 futhi yadlulisela igunya e-United States ngo-1904. Ngemva kokuqeda lo msebenzi ngo-1914, i - US yaqhubeka ilawula umsele nezindawo ezizungezile zePanama Canal Zone kwaze kwaba ngo - 1977. Khona-ke, ngemva kwesikhathi sokulawulwa okuhlangene kweMelika nePanama, umsele wathathwa uhulumeni wasePanama ngo-1999. Manje iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa yiGovernment-owned Panama Canal Authority.