Iyini isimiso sobuchwepheshe, futhi saqala nini ukuvela?
Context:Ukuchuma okusheshayo ngo-1980 kuya ku-1987 Ngawo-1980 uhlobo lohlelo lwe-AI olubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlelo zochwepheshe" lwamukelwa yizinkampani emhlabeni wonke futhi ulwazi lwaba ukugxila ocwaningweni olujwayelekile lwe-AI. Ngaleyo minyaka, uhulumeni waseJapane wasekela ngobuningi i-AI ngomklamo wawo wekhompyutha yesizukulwane sesihlanu. Esinye isenzakalo esikhuthazayo ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 kwakuwukuvuselelwa kokuxhumana emsebenzini kaJohn Hopfield noDavid Rumelhart. Nalapha futhi, i-AI yayiphumelele.  Ukwanda kwezinhlelo zochwepheshe Uhlelo lochwepheshe luwuhlelo oluphendula imibuzo noma luxazulule izinkinga eziphathelene nesizinda esithile solwazi, lusebenzisa imithetho enengqondo etholakala olwazini lochwepheshe. Izibonelo zokuqala zakhiwa u - Edward Feigenbaum nabafundi bakhe. I-Dendral, eyaqala ngo-1965, yakhomba izinhlanganisela ezifundweni ze-spectrometer. I-MYCIN, eyathuthukiswa ngo-1972, yathola izifo ezithathelwanayo zegazi. Babonisa ukuthi le ndlela ingasebenza.  Izinhlelo zobungcweti zazikhawulela emkhakheni omncane wolwazi oluthile (ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe inkinga yolwazi oluvamile) futhi ukwakheka kwazo okulula kwenza kwaba lula ukuthi izinhlelo zakhiwe bese ziguqulwa uma sezikhona. Sekukonke, lezi zinhlelo zabonakala ziwusizo: into ubuhlakani bokufakelwa obungakwazanga ukuyenza kuze kube manje.  Ngo-1980, uhlelo lochwepheshe olubizwa ngokuthi i-XCON lwaqedwa e-CMU ye-Digital Equipment Corporation. Kwakuyimpumelelo enkulu: yayilondoloza inkampani amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-40 ngonyaka ngo-1986. Izinkampani emhlabeni wonke zaqala ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe futhi ngo-1985 zase zichitha imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zamaRandi ku-AI, iningi lazo liyisebenzisa eminyangweni yazo ye-AI. Kwavela imboni eyayizisekela, kuhlanganise nezinkampani ze - hardware ezinjenge - Symbolics ne - Lisp Machines nezinkampani ze - software ezinjenge - IntelliCorp ne - Aion.
Uhlelo lochwepheshe uhlelo olusebenzisa imithetho enengqondo etholakala olwazini lochwepheshe ukuphendula imibuzo noma ukuxazulula izinkinga emkhakheni othile wolwazi. Uhlelo lokuqala lochwepheshe, olubizwa ngokuthi iDendral, lwasungulwa ngo-1965 uEdward Feigenbaum nabafundi bakhe futhi bakhomba izinhlanganisela ezifundweni ze-spectrometer.