Ubani uMalcolm X?
Context:UMalcolm X (owazalwa uMalcolm Little, kamuva u-el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; 19 Meyi 1925 - 21 Februwari 1965) wayengumfundisi ongumSulumane waseMelika kanye nesishoshovu samalungelo abantu owayengumuntu ovelele ngesikhathi senhlangano yamalungelo abantu. Umkhulumeli we-Nation of Islam kwaze kwaba ngo-1964, wayengummeli oqinile wokuhlomisa kwabamnyama kanye nokukhuthazwa kwe-Islam ngaphakathi komphakathi wabamnyama. I-autobiography eyatholakala ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lapho abambisana khona no-Alex Haley, yashicilelwa ngo-1965.
UMalcolm X (owazalwa uMalcolm Little, kamuva u-el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; 19 Meyi 1925 - 21 Februwari 1965) wayengumfundisi ongumSulumane waseMelika kanye nesishoshovu samalungelo abantu owayengumuntu ovelele ngesikhathi senhlangano yamalungelo abantu. Umkhulumeli we-Nation of Islam kwaze kwaba ngo-1964, wayengummeli oqinile wokuhlomisa kwabamnyama kanye nokukhuthazwa kwe-Islam ngaphakathi komphakathi wabamnyama. I-autobiography eyatholakala ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lapho abambisana khona no-Alex Haley, yashicilelwa ngo-1965.  UMalcolm wachitha iminyaka yakhe yobusha ehlala ezindlini eziningi zokutholwa noma nezihlobo ngemva kokufa kukayise nokulaliswa esibhedlela kukamama wakhe. Wenza amacala ahlukahlukene, wagwetshwa iminyaka eyishumi ejele ngo-1946 ngokweba nokugqekeza. Ejele wajoyina iNation of Islam (esebenzisa igama elithi Malcolm X ukufanekisela isibongo sakhe sokhokho base-Afrika esingaziwa ngenkathi elahla "igama lomnikazi wesigqila esimhlophe elithi 'Little'"), futhi ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngo-1952 ngokushesha waba ngomunye wabaholi benhlangano abanethonya elikhulu. Wayengumuntu ubuso umphakathi inhlangano iminyaka 12, esekela Black amandla kanye ukuhlukaniswa Black nabamhlophe baseMelika, futhi ukugxeka Martin Luther King Jr. kanye mainstream civil amalungelo ukunyakaza ukugcizelelwa yayo nonviolence kanye ukuhlanganiswa ngokobuhlanga. UMalcolm X wabuye wazwakalisa ukuziqhenya ngezinye zezinto ezizuzwe isizwe emphakathini, njengohlelo lwayo lokuvuselela izidakamizwa mahhala. Kusukela ngawo-1950 kuqhubeke, uMalcolm X wabekwa iso yi-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).  Ngawo-1960, uMalcolm X waqala ukuphelelwa ithemba ngeNhlangano YamaSulumane, kanye nomholi wayo, u-Elijah Muhammad. Kamuva wamukela iSulumane yamaSunni kanye nokunyakaza kwamalungelo abantu ngemuva kokuphothula iHajj eya eMecca, futhi waziwa ngokuthi "el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz", okuhumusha cishe ngokuthi "The Pilgrim Malcolm the Patriarch". Ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane sokuhamba e-Afrika, walahla obala iNation of Islam futhi wasungula i-Islamic Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI) kanye ne-Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). Kuwo wonke u-1964, ukungqubuzana kwakhe neNation of Islam kwaqina, futhi wathola izinsongo zokubulawa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngo - February 21, 1965, wabulawa eNew York City. Amalungu amathathu e-Nation asolwa ngokubulala futhi anikezwa izigwebo zokuphila unomphela; ngo-2021, amacala amabili asulwa. Ukuqagela mayelana nokubulawa nokuthi ngabe kwaqanjwa noma kwasizwa amalungu avelele noma engeziwe esizwe, noma izinhlaka zomthetho, kuye kwaqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.  Umuntu onempikiswano osolwa ngokushumayela ngobandlululo nobudlova, uMalcolm X ubuye abe umuntu odume kakhulu emiphakathini yama-Afrika aseMelika namaSulumane aseMelika ngenxa yokuphishekela kwakhe ubulungisa bobuhlanga. Wahlonishwa ngokufa ngoSuku lukaMalcolm X, lapho ekhunjulwa khona emadolobheni ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-United States. Amakhulu emigwaqo nezikole e-U.S. aqamba kabusha igama lakhe, kuyilapho i-Audubon Ballroom, indawo yokubulawa kwakhe, yakhiwa kabusha ngo-2005 ukuze kuhlaliswe uMalcolm X noDkt Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center.