Iyini i-palmitoylation
I-palmitoylation ukuhlanganiswa kwe-covalent kwama-acid amafutha, njenge-palmitic acid, ku-cysteine (i-S-palmitoylation) futhi kaningi kakhulu kuma-serine kanye nama-threonine (i-O-palmitoylation) ezinsalela zamaprotheni, okuyiprotheni ejwayelekile ye-membrane. Umsebenzi oqondile we-palmitoylation uncike kumaprotheni athile acatshangelwayo. I-palmitoylation ithuthukisa i-hydrophobicity yamaprotheni futhi inengxenye ekuhlanganiseni kwawo ulwelwesi. I-palmitoylation nayo ibonakala idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthengisweni kwamaprotheni ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ze-membrane, kanye nasekulungiseni ukuxhumana kwamaprotheni namaprotheni. Ngokungafani ne-prenylation ne-myristoylation, i-palmitoylation ivame ukuguqulwa (ngoba isibopho esiphakathi kwe-palmitic acid neprotheni ngokuvamile siyisibopho se-thioester). Ukusabela okuphambene kumaseli ezilwane ezincelisayo kuhlanganiswa yi-acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) ku-cytosol kanye ne-palmitoyl protein thioesterases kuma-lysosomes. Ngenxa yokuthi i-palmitoylation iyinqubo eguquguqukayo, yangemva kokuhumusha, kukholakala ukuthi isetshenziswa iseli ukuze iguqule indawo engaphansi kwamangqamuzana, ukuxhumana kwamaprotheni namaprotheni, noma amandla okubopha amaprotheni.  Isibonelo seprotheni eyenza i-palmitoylation yi-hemagglutinin, i-membrane glycoprotein esetshenziswa umkhuhlane ukuze unamathisele kuma-receptors amaseli aphethe. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuye kwachazwa imijikelezo ye-palmitoylation yezinhlobo eziningi zama-enzyme, kuhlanganise ne-H-Ras, i-Gsα, i-β2-adrenergic receptor, ne-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Ekuguqulweni kwesignali nge- G protein, i- palmitoylation ye- α subunit, i- prenylation ye- γ subunit, ne- myristoylation iyabandakanyeka ekubosheni i- G protein ebusweni bangaphakathi be- plasma membrane ukuze i- G protein ikwazi ukusebenzisana ne- receptor yayo.