Ngokusekelwe embhalweni wenkomba, nikeza uhlu olunezinhlamvu olufingqa imithetho emithathu kaNewton yokunyakaza
Context:Okokuqala Ehunyushwe olimini lwesiLatini, umthetho wokuqala kaNewton uthi,  Yonke imizimba iyaqhubeka isesimweni sayo sokuphumula, noma sokunyakaza okungaguquguquki emgqeni oqondile, ngaphandle uma iphoqelelwa ukuba ishintshe lesosimo ngamandla ayithintayo. 114  Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton uveza isimiso sokungenzi lutho: ukuziphatha okungokwemvelo komzimba ukuhambisa umugqa oqondile ngesivinini esingaguquki. Uma kungekho zithonya zangaphandle, ukunyakaza komzimba kugcina isimo esikhona.  Ukuqonda kwanamuhla komthetho wokuqala kaNewton kuwukuthi akekho umqaphi ongenawo amandla okwenza okuthile onelungelo ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye. Umqondo womqaphi ongashintshashintshi wenza umqondo wansuku zonke wokungazizwa imiphumela yokunyakaza ube ngobuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu omi phansi ebuka isitimela esidlulayo ungumqaphi ongenalo ithonya. Uma umqaphi osemhlabeni ebona isitimela sihamba kahle emgqeni oqondile ngesivinini esingaguquguquki, khona-ke umgibeli ohlezi esitimeleni naye uyoba umqaphi ongenawo amandla: umgibeli wesitimela akazizwa ehamba. Isimiso esivezwe umthetho wokuqala kaNewton siwukuthi ayikho indlela yokusho ukuthi yimuphi umqaphi we-inertia "ngempela" ohambayo nokuthi yimuphi "ngempela" omile. Isimo sokuphumula somuntu oyedwa yisimo sokunyakaza okufanayo komunye umbonisi emgqeni oqondile, futhi asikho isivivinyo esingabheka noma yimuphi umbono njengolungile noma ongalungile. Asikho isilinganiso esiphelele sokuphumula.[note 4]  Okwesibili Ukushintsha kokunyakaza kwento kuyalingana namandla adonswayo; futhi kwenziwa ohlangothini lomugqa oqondile lapho amandla adonswa khona. Lapho ethi "ukunyakaza", uNewton wayesho ubukhulu manje obubizwa ngokuthi umfutho, obuxhomeke enanini lezinto ezisemzimbeni, isivinini umzimba ohamba ngaso, nesiqondiso ohamba ngaso. Ngombhalo wanamuhla, umfutho womzimba uwumkhiqizo wobuningi bawo kanye nesivinini sawo:  Umthetho wesibili kaNewton, ngesimo samanje, uthi isilinganiso sesikhathi somfutho siyisilinganiso samandla: Uma isisindo m singashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke i-derivative isebenza kuphela ngejubane, ngakho-ke amandla alingana nomkhiqizo wesisindo kanye nesikhathi esivela ku-velocity, okuwukusheshisa: Njengoba ukusheshisa kuyisiqalo sesibili sesikhundla ngokuqondene nesikhathi, lokhu kungabhalwa futhi.  Amandla asebenza emzimbeni anezela njengama-vector, ngakho-ke amandla aphelele emzimbeni ancike kokubili ngobukhulu naseziqondisweni zamandla ngamanye. Lapho amandla alinganayo emzimbeni elingana no-zero, khona-ke ngomthetho wesibili kaNewton, umzimba awusheshi, futhi kuthiwa usesimweni sokulinganisela ngokomshini. Isimo sokulinganisela kwemishini sizinzile uma, lapho isikhundla somzimba sishintshwa kancane, umzimba uhlala useduze nalesi simo sokulingana. Kungenjalo, ukulinganisela akuzinzile.  Ukuboniswa okuvamile kwamandla asebenza ngokuvumelanayo kuwumdwebo womzimba wamahhala, okhombisa ngokusobala umzimba othakazelisayo kanye namandla asetshenziswa kuwo amathonya angaphandle. Isibonelo, idayagramu yomzimba wamahhala webhulokhi ehlezi phezu kwendiza ethambekele ingabonisa inhlanganisela yamandla adonsela phansi, amandla "ajwayelekile", ukungqubuzana, nokuqina kwentambo.[note 5]  Umthetho wesibili kaNewton ngezinye izikhathi uvezwa njengencazelo yamandla, okungukuthi, amandla yilawo akhona lapho umqaphi ongenamandla ebona umzimba usheshisa. Ukuze lokhu kube ngaphezu kwe-tautology <unk> ukusheshisa kusho amandla, amandla asho ukusheshisa <unk> esinye isitatimende mayelana namandla kufanele futhi senziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kuchazwe isilinganiso esichaza amandla, njengomthetho kaNewton wokudonsela phansi kwendawo yonke. Ngokufaka inkulumo enjalo Umthetho wesibili kaNewton, i-equation enamandla okuqagela ingabhalwa.[note 6] Umthetho wesibili kaNewton ubuye wabhekwa njengokubeka uhlelo lokucwaninga lwe-physics, ukusungula ukuthi imigomo ebalulekile yesihloko ukukhomba amandla akhona emvelweni nokubeka uhlu lwezakhi zendaba.[note 7]  Okwesithathu Kuzo zonke izenzo, ngaso sonke isikhathi kuphikisana nempendulo elinganayo; noma, izenzo zomzimba ezimbili komunye nomunye zihlale zilingana, futhi ziqondiswe ezingxenyeni eziphikisanayo.: 116   Ukuhumusha umthetho wesithathu ngamafuphi, njengokuthi "isenzo silingana nempendulo" kungase kubangele ukudideka ezizukulwaneni zabafundi: "isenzo" kanye "nempendulo" zisebenza emizimbeni ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngencwadi elele etafuleni. Amandla adonsela phansi omhlaba adonsela phansi le ncwadi. "Ukusabela" kulokho "kwenza" akuwona amandla asekelayo asuka etafuleni aphakamisa incwadi, kodwa ukudonsa kokudonsa kwencwadi esebenza eMhlabeni. [note 8]  Umthetho kaNewton wesithathu uhlobene nesimiso esiyisisekelo ngokwengeziwe, sokulondolozwa komfutho. Lesi sakamuva sihlala siyiqiniso ngisho nasezimweni lapho isitatimende sikaNewton singekho khona, isibonelo lapho izinkambu zamandla kanye nemizimba yezinto ezibonakalayo zithwala umfutho, futhi lapho umfutho uchazwa kahle, naku-quantum mechanics. [note 9] Ngokomthetho wesibili kaNewton, ingxenye yokuqala ingamandla aphelele phezu komzimba wokuqala, futhi ingxenye yesibili ingamandla aphelele phezu komzimba wesibili. Uma lezi zindikimba zombili zihlukanisiwe nethonya langaphandle, amandla kuphela phezu komzimba wokuqala angaba lawo avela kweyesibili, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngomthetho kaNewton wesithathu, la mandla anobukhulu obulinganayo kodwa isiqondiso esiphambene, ngakho ayahoxiswa lapho ehlanganiswa, futhi →{\vec {p}} kuyinto engaguquki. Okunye, uma →{\vec {p}} yaziwa ukuthi ihlala njalo, kulandela ukuthi amandla anobukhulu obulinganayo nesiqondiso esiphambene.
Okulandelayo kuyisifinyeto semithetho emithathu kaNewton yokunyakaza: 1. Izinkomo Umthetho Wokuqala: Umzimba uhlala ungaphumuli, noma uhamba ngesivinini esingaguquguquki, ngaphandle uma ushaywa amandla. 2. Izingelosi Umthetho Wesibili: Ukushintsha kokunyakaza kwento kuyalingana namandla adonswa entweni. 3. Izindaba Ezinhle Umthetho Wesithathu: Isenzo ngasinye siphendulwa isenzo esilingana naso nesiphambene naso.