Ngitshele nge-fluoridation yamanzi
Context:Ukufakwa kwe-fluoride emanzini kuwukulungiswa okulawulwayo kwe-fluoride ekunikezelweni kwamanzi komphakathi ukuze nje kuncishiswe ukubola kwamazinyo. Amanzi ane-fluoride aqukethe i-fluoride ezingeni eliphumelelayo ekuvimbeleni izimbotshana; lokhu kungenzeka ngokwemvelo noma ngokungeza i-fluoride. Amanzi ane-fluoride asebenza ebusweni bamazinyo: emlonyeni, akhiqiza amazinga aphansi e-fluoride emlonyeni, okunciphisa isivinini i-enamel yamazinyo elahla amaminerali ngaso futhi kwenyuse isivinini i-remineralize ngaso ezigabeni zokuqala zomgodi. Ngokuvamile amanzi okuphuza anezelwa i - fluoride, inqubo e-U.S. ebiza isilinganiso sama-dollar angu - 1,17 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka. Ukususwa kwe-fluoridation kuyadingeka lapho izinga le-fluoride lemvelo lidlula imingcele enconyiwe. Ngo-2011, i-World Health Organization yasikisela izinga le-fluoride elisuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 mg/L (amamiligremu ilitha ngalinye), kuye ngesimo sezulu, imvelo yasendaweni, neminye imithombo ye-fluoride. Amanzi asemabhodleleni ngokuvamile anamazinga e-fluoride angaziwa.  Ukubola kwamazinyo kuseyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emazweni amaningi anezimboni, okuthinta izingane zesikole ezingu-60 kuya ku-90% kanye neningi labantu abadala. I-fluoridation yamanzi inciphisa izimbotshana ezinganeni, kuyilapho ukuphumelela kubantu abadala kungacacile kangako. Ukubukeza kukaCochrane kulinganisela ukuthi ukunciphisa izimbotshana lapho kusetshenziswa i-fluoridation yamanzi yizingane ezazingafinyeleli kweminye imithombo ye-fluoride kwakungu-35% emazinyweni obisi kanye no-26% emazinyweni angapheli. Nokho, lokhu kwakusekelwe ezifundweni ezindala ezahluleka ukulawula izinto eziguquguqukayo eziningi, njengokwanda kokudla ushukela kanye namanye amasu amazinyo. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu aye abhekana nokwehla okuphawulekayo kokubola kwamazinyo, nakuba i-fluoridation yobisi nosawoti isakazeke kabanzi esikhundleni se-fluoridation yamanzi. Ucwaningo lwamuva lusikisela ukuthi i-fluoridation yamanzi, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezimboni, ingase ingadingeki ngoba i-fluoride esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile (njengase-toothpaste) isetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi amazinga okubola asephansi.  Nakuba i-fluoridation ingase ibangele i-dental fluorosis, engase ishintshe ukubukeka kwamazinyo akhulayo noma i-enamel fluorosis, umehluko awunamandla futhi ngokuvamile awubangeli ukukhathazeka ngobuhle noma impilo yomphakathi. Abukho ubufakazi obucacile beminye imiphumela emibi evela ekufakweni kwe - fluoride emanzini. Imiphumela ye-fluoride ixhomeke ekungenisweni kwe-fluoride nsuku zonke kuyo yonke imithombo. Ngokuvamile umthombo omkhulu wamanzi okuphuza; ezinye izindlela zokwelapha nge - fluoride zihlanganisa i - fluoridation of toothpaste, usawoti, nobisi. Kunemibono engafani mayelana nendlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo emphakathini. Uhulumeni wase-Australia uthi ukufaka i-fluoride emanzini kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola i-fluoride emphakathini wonke. I-World Health Organization ibika ukuthi i-water fluoridation, lapho kungenzeka futhi yamukeleka ngokwenkolo, inezinzuzo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kumaqembu amancane asengozini enkulu, kuyilapho iKhomishini YaseYurophu ingatholi nzuzo ekufakweni kwe-water fluoridation uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwendawo.  I-fluoridation yamanzi omphakathi yaqala ukusetshenziswa e-U.S. Kusukela ngo-2012, amazwe angama-25 ane-fluoridation yamanzi yokufakelwa ngezinga elihlukahlukene, ayi-11 kuwo anabantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abaphuza amanzi ane-fluoridated. Amanye amazwe angu - 28 anamanzi ane - fluoride ngokwemvelo, nakuba emazweni amaningi i - fluoride ingaphezu kwezinga elidingekayo. Kusukela ngo-2012, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-435 emhlabeni wonke bathola amanzi ane-fluoride ezingeni eliphakanyisiwe (okungukuthi, cishe u-5.4% wabantu bomhlaba).: 56 Cishe izigidi ezingu-214 zazo zihlala e-United States. Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezempilo ezinjenge-World Health Organization ne-FDI World Dental Federation zisekela i-fluoridation yamanzi njengephephile futhi ephumelelayo. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ibala i-fluoridation yamanzi njengenye yezinto eziyishumi ezinkulu ezenziwe ezempilo yomphakathi ngekhulu lama-20 e-U.S. Naphezu kwalokhu, lo mkhuba uyimpikiswano njengesinyathelo sezempilo yomphakathi. Amanye amazwe nemiphakathi iye yayeka ukusebenzisa i - fluoride, kuyilapho amanye eye ayandisa. Abaphikisana nalomkhuba baphikisa ngokuthi izinzuzo nezingozi azikaze zifundwe ngokwanele, futhi baphikisana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwalokho okungase kubhekwe njengokwelashwa kwabantu abaningi nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukufakwa kwe-fluoride emanzini kuwukulungiswa okulawulwayo kwe-fluoride ekunikezelweni kwamanzi komphakathi ukuze nje kuncishiswe ukubola kwamazinyo. Amanzi ane-fluoride aqukethe i-fluoride ezingeni eliphumelelayo ekuvimbeleni izimbotshana; lokhu kungenzeka ngokwemvelo noma ngokungeza i-fluoride. Amanzi ane-fluoride asebenza ebusweni bamazinyo: emlonyeni, akhiqiza amazinga aphansi e-fluoride emlonyeni, okunciphisa isivinini i-enamel yamazinyo elahla amaminerali ngaso futhi kwenyuse isivinini i-remineralize ngaso ezigabeni zokuqala zomgodi. Ngokuvamile amanzi okuphuza anezelwa i - fluoride, inqubo e-U.S. ebiza isilinganiso sama-dollar angu - 1,17 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka. Ukususwa kwe-fluoridation kuyadingeka lapho izinga le-fluoride lemvelo lidlula imingcele enconyiwe. Ngo-2011, i-World Health Organization yasikisela izinga le-fluoride elisuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 mg/L (amamiligremu ilitha ngalinye), kuye ngesimo sezulu, imvelo yasendaweni, neminye imithombo ye-fluoride. Amanzi asemabhodleleni ngokuvamile anamazinga e-fluoride angaziwa.  Ukubola kwamazinyo kuseyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emazweni amaningi anezimboni, okuthinta izingane zesikole ezingu-60 kuya ku-90% kanye neningi labantu abadala. I-fluoridation yamanzi inciphisa izimbotshana ezinganeni, kuyilapho ukuphumelela kubantu abadala kungacacile kangako. Ukubukeza kukaCochrane kulinganisela ukuthi ukunciphisa izimbotshana lapho kusetshenziswa i-fluoridation yamanzi yizingane ezazingafinyeleli kweminye imithombo ye-fluoride kwakungu-35% emazinyweni obisi kanye no-26% emazinyweni angapheli. Nokho, lokhu kwakusekelwe ezifundweni ezindala ezahluleka ukulawula izinto eziguquguqukayo eziningi, njengokwanda kokudla ushukela kanye namanye amasu amazinyo. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu aye abhekana nokwehla okuphawulekayo kokubola kwamazinyo, nakuba i-fluoridation yobisi nosawoti isakazeke kabanzi esikhundleni se-fluoridation yamanzi. Ucwaningo lwamuva lusikisela ukuthi i-fluoridation yamanzi, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezimboni, ingase ingadingeki ngoba i-fluoride esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile (njengase-toothpaste) isetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi amazinga okubola asephansi.  Nakuba i-fluoridation ingase ibangele i-dental fluorosis, engase ishintshe ukubukeka kwamazinyo akhulayo noma i-enamel fluorosis, umehluko awunamandla futhi ngokuvamile awubangeli ukukhathazeka ngobuhle noma impilo yomphakathi. Abukho ubufakazi obucacile beminye imiphumela emibi evela ekufakweni kwe - fluoride emanzini. Imiphumela ye-fluoride ixhomeke ekungenisweni kwe-fluoride nsuku zonke kuyo yonke imithombo. Ngokuvamile umthombo omkhulu wamanzi okuphuza; ezinye izindlela zokwelapha nge - fluoride zihlanganisa i - fluoridation of toothpaste, usawoti, nobisi. Kunemibono engafani mayelana nendlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo emphakathini. Uhulumeni wase-Australia uthi ukufaka i-fluoride emanzini kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola i-fluoride emphakathini wonke. I-World Health Organization ibika ukuthi i-water fluoridation, lapho kungenzeka futhi yamukeleka ngokwenkolo, inezinzuzo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kumaqembu amancane asengozini enkulu, kuyilapho iKhomishini YaseYurophu ingatholi nzuzo ekufakweni kwe-water fluoridation uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwendawo.  I-fluoridation yamanzi omphakathi yaqala ukusetshenziswa e-U.S. Kusukela ngo-2012, amazwe angama-25 ane-fluoridation yamanzi yokufakelwa ngezinga elihlukahlukene, ayi-11 kuwo anabantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abaphuza amanzi ane-fluoridated. Amanye amazwe angu - 28 anamanzi ane - fluoride ngokwemvelo, nakuba emazweni amaningi i - fluoride ingaphezu kwezinga elidingekayo. Kusukela ngo-2012, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-435 emhlabeni wonke bathola amanzi ane-fluoride ezingeni eliphakanyisiwe (okungukuthi, cishe u-5.4% wabantu bomhlaba). 56 Cishe izigidi ezingu-214 zazo zihlala e-United States. Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezempilo ezinjenge-World Health Organization ne-FDI World Dental Federation zisekela i-fluoridation yamanzi njengephephile futhi ephumelelayo. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ibala i-fluoridation yamanzi njengenye yezinto eziyishumi ezinkulu ezenziwe ezempilo yomphakathi ngekhulu lama-20 e-U.S. Naphezu kwalokhu, lo mkhuba uyimpikiswano njengesinyathelo sezempilo yomphakathi. Amanye amazwe nemiphakathi iye yayeka ukusebenzisa i - fluoride, kuyilapho amanye eye ayandisa. Abaphikisana nalomkhuba baphikisa ngokuthi izinzuzo nezingozi azikaze zifundwe ngokwanele, futhi baphikisana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwalokho okungase kubhekwe njengokwelashwa kwabantu abaningi nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.