Kuyini ukubhenka okuyisisekelo?
I-fractional-reserve banking uhlelo lwebhange olusebenza cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni wonke, ngaphansi kwalo amabhange athatha imali kubantu kudingeka agcine ingxenye yesibopho sawo semali njengempahla enamanzi njengengxenye, futhi anenkululeko yokuboleka imali esele kubabolekisi. Izinqolobane zebhange zigcinwa njengemali ebhange noma njengebhalansi kwi-akhawunti yebhange ebhange eliphakathi. Ibhange eliphakathi lalelo zwe linquma inani eliphansi amabhange okumelwe abe nalo lezimpahla ezinamanzi, elibizwa ngokuthi "imfuneko yokugcina imali" noma "isilinganiso sokugcina imali". Iningi lamabhange ezentengiselwano ligcina imali engaphezu kwaleli nani eliphansi njengengxenye engaphezulu.  Imali egcinwe emabhange ngokuvamile ihlala isikhathi esifushane, futhi ingaba "ngokubiza", kuyilapho imali ebolekiwe eyenziwe ngamabhange ivame ukuba yesikhathi eside, okuholela engozini yokuthi amakhasimende angahle noma nini ngokuhlanganyela afune ukuhoxisa imali kuma-akhawunti awo ngaphezu kwemali esebhange. Izinqolobane zinikeza imali kuphela ukuze zikhokhele ukukhishwa kwemali ngaphakathi komkhuba ojwayelekile. Amabhange nebhange eliphakathi alindele ukuthi ezimweni ezivamile ingxenye kuphela yama-deposit izokhishwa ngasikhathi sinye, nokuthi izinqolobane zizokwanela ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semali. Nokho, amabhange angase azithole esesimweni sokuntuleka kwemali lapho abafaka imali befuna ukukhipha imali eningi kunenani lemithombo ebhange elinalo. Kulesi simo, ibhange elibhekene nokushoda kwemali engenayo lingaboleka imali yesikhathi esifushane emakethe yokubolekisa phakathi kwamabhange kumabhange anenzuzo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, njengasikhathi sokuphuma kwebhange okungalindelekile, ibhange eliphakathi linganikeza izimali zokukhokhela ukusilela kwesikhashana njengombolekisi wokugcina.