Ndezvipi zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu hwokuvandudza hurongwa?
Context:Hupenyu hwekusimudzira masisitimu  Chinyorwa Taura Verenga Gadzira Tarisa nhoroondo  Zvishandiso Kubva muWikipedia, enisaikoropidhiya yakasununguka Nyaya iyi iri pamusoro hurongwa kukura upenyu kutenderera. Nokuda kwekutaurirana kwekombiyuta yeIBM, ona Synchronous Data Link Control.  Muenzaniso wehupenyu hwekugadzira software, uchisimbisa chikamu chekuchengetedza In hurongwa ouinjiniya, mashoko hurongwa uye Software ouinjiniya, hurongwa kukura upenyu kutenderera (SDLC), anonziwo chikumbiro kukura upenyu kutenderera, ndiwo muitiro kuronga, kusika, kuedza, uye deploying mashoko hurongwa. Pfungwa yeSDLC inoshanda kune akasiyana siyana ehardware uye software masisitimu, sezvo sisitimu inogona kuve inoumbwa nehardware chete, software chete, kana musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri. Kazhinji pane zvikamu zvitanhatu munhevedzano iyi: kuongororwa kwezvinodikanwa, kugadzirwa, kuvandudzwa nokuedzwa, kuitwa, kunyorwa, uye kuongororwa.  Murangariro A hurongwa kukura upenyu kutenderera rinoumbwa rakasiyana basa zvikamu izvo zvinoshandiswa hurongwa mainjiniya uye hurongwa Developers kupa mashoko hurongwa. Kufanana nechero chinhu chinogadzirwa pamutsetse wekusangana, SDLC ine chinangwa chekugadzira masisitimu emhando yepamusoro anosangana kana kudarika zvinotarisirwa, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa, nekuendesa masisitimu mukati menguva dzakarongwa uye fungidziro yemutengo. Masisitimu emakombiyuta akaoma kunzwisisa uye anowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvinobva kwakasiyana-siyana. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSDLC dzakagadzirwa, dzakadai se waterfall, spiral, agile, rapid prototyping, incremental, uye synchronize and stabilize.  SDLC methodologies fit within a flexibility spectrum ranging from agile to iterative to sequential. Nzira dzinoshanda, dzakadai seXP neScrum, dzinotarisa pamabasa akareruka anobvumira kuchinja nokukurumidza. Iterative methodologies, zvakadai seRational Unified Process uye dynamic systems development method, inotarisa pakugadzirisa chirongwa cheprojekti uye iteratively kuwedzera kana kuvandudza zvigadzirwa. Sequential kana hombe-dhizaini-kumusoro-kumberi (BDUF) mamodheru, senge mapopoma, tarisa pane yakakwana uye chaiyo kuronga kutungamira mapurojekiti akakura uye kudzikisira njodzi kune akabudirira uye anofungidzirwa mhedzisiro. [ citation inodiwa ] Anamorphic budiriro inotungamirwa nehurongwa hweprojekti uye kugadzirisa iterations.  Mukutungamira kweprojekti chirongwa chinogona kusanganisira zvese chirongwa chehupenyu (PLC) uye SDLC, panguva iyo zviitiko zvakasiyana zvinoitika. Maererano naTaylor (2004), "kutenderera kwehupenyu hweprojekti kunosanganisira zviitiko zvese zveprojekti, nepo kutenderera kwehupenyu hwekuvandudza masisitimu kunotarisa pakuziva zvinodiwa nechigadzirwa".  SDLC haisi nzira pachayo, asi tsanangudzo yezvikamu izvo nzira inofanira kugadzirisa. Rondedzero yezvikamu haisi yekupedzisira, asi kazhinji inosanganisira kuronga, kuongorora, kugadzira, kuvaka, kuyedza, kuita, uye kugadzirisa / kutsigira. Muchimiro cheScrum, somuenzaniso, mumwe angataura kuti nhau yomushandisi mumwe chete inopfuura nemumativi ose eSDLC mukati memavhiki maviri ekukurumidza. Mukupesana ne waterfall methodology, uko zvese zvinodiwa nebhizinesi [chirevo chinodiwa] zvinoshandurwa kuita maficha / mashandiro tsananguro ayo anozoitwa ese kazhinji pamusoro pemwedzi kana kupfuura. [ chirevo chinodiwa ]  Nhoroondo Maererano naElliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), SDLC "yakatangira muma1960, kugadzira masisitimu emabhizimusi makuru anoshanda muzera remasangano emabhizimusi makuru. Mabasa ezvirongwa zvemashoko akanga achitenderera pakugadziriswa kwemashoko kwakaoma uye miitiro yokuverenga nhamba".  The yakarongeka hurongwa ongororo uye magadzirirwo nzira (SSADM) yakaberekwa nokuda UK hurumende Office of Government Commerce muna 1980s. Kubvira ipapo, maererano Elliott (2004), "the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of the inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC". "The traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of the inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC".  Mienzaniso  Shanduro yematanho gumi ehupenyu hwekuvandudza masisitimu SDLC inopa nhevedzano yezvikamu / nhanho / zviitiko zvevagadziri vemasisitimu nevagadziri kuti vatevedze. Danho rimwe nerimwe rinovaka pamigumisiro yeyakapfuura. Hazvirevi kuti basa rose rinoda kuti matanho acho atevedzane. Nokuda kwamapurojekiti maduku, ari nyore, zvikamu zvingashandiswa pamwe chete/kuwiriraniswa.  Mapopoma emvura Yakarebesa uye inozivikanwa zvikurusa muenzaniso wemapopoma, uyo unoshandisa nhevedzano yakatwasuka yematanho. Mapopoma ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Rumwe rudzi ndorunotevera:  Kuongorora kwekutanga Ita ongororo yokutanga, funga dzimwe nzira dzokugadzirisa nadzo zvinhu, fungidzira mari uye zvaunobatsirwa nazvo, uye tumira hurongwa hwokutanga pamwe chete nezvarinotaura.  Kuita ongororo yokutanga: Ziva zvinangwa zvesangano uye tsanangura zvakaita basa racho uye kukura kwaro. Iva nechokwadi chokuti basa racho rinoenderana nezvinangwa. Funga dzimwe nzira dzokuzvipedza nadzo: Dzimwe nzira dzokuzvipedza nadzo dzingabva pakutaura nevashandi, vatengi, vatengesi, uye vanopa mazano, uyewo kuongorora makwikwi. Ongororo yemari inodiwa: Ongorora mari inodiwa uye zvinobatsira zvaunowana pabasa racho. Kuongorora masisitimu, kutsanangurwa kwezvinodiwa Kupatsanura zvinangwa zvepurojekiti[clarification needed] kuita mabasa nemabasa akajeka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuunganidza uye kududzira chokwadi, kuona zvinetso, uye kukurudzira kuchinja. Ongorora zvinodiwa nemashoko emushandisi wekupedzisira uye gadzirisa kusapindirana uye kusakwana:  Unganidza chokwadi: Wana zvinodiwa nemushandisi wekupedzisira nekudzokorora magwaro, kubvunzurudza vatengi, kucherechedza, uye mibvunzo. Ongorora gadziriro iripo: Ziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Ongorora hurongwa hwakarongwa: Tsvaga mhinduro dzemibvunzo uye gadzira zvirevo, uchibatanidza mazano akakodzera evashandisi. Kugadzirwa kwezvirongwa Panhanho iyi, zvinhu zvaunoda uye mashandiro zvinonyatsotsanangurwa, kusanganisira magadzirirwo ezvikwiriso, mitemo yebhizinesi, dhayagiramu dzemaitiro, pseudocode, uye zvimwe zvinopihwa.  Kubudirira Nyora kodhi yacho.  Kubatanidza uye kuedza Gadzira ma module mumamiriro ezvinhu okuedza. Ongorora zvikanganiso, zvikanganiso, uye kushanda pamwe chete.  Kugamuchirwa, kuiswa, kushandiswa Isa gadziriro yacho mukugadzirwa. Ikoku kungasanganisira kurovedza vashandisi, kutumira Hardware, uye kurodha mashoko anobva mugadziriro yapakuvamba.  Kuchengetedza Chengetedza hurongwa hwekuongorora kushanda kwaro. Chinja zvinhu zvishoma kana zvichiita.  Kuongorora Gadziriro yacho negadziriro yacho zvinodzokororwa. Mibvunzo yakakodzera inosanganisira kana hurongwa hutsva hunoshandiswa hunosangana nezvinodiwa uye hunozadzisa zvinangwa zveprojekti, kana hurongwa hunoshandiswa, hwakavimbika / hunowanikwa, hunoenzanisirwa zvakanaka uye hunokanganisa. Kuongorora kwegadziriro kunosanganisira kuongorora nguva uye mari, pamwe chete nekugamuchirwa kwevashandisi.  Kurasa Pakupera kwoupenyu, zvirongwa zvinogadzirwa zvokugumisa gadziriro yacho nokuchinjira kuchitsivi chayo. Mashoko akabatanidzwa nechigadzikiso chinofanira kushandiswazve, kuchengeterwa, kuraswa, kana kuparadzwa, uku uchidzivirira zvakafanira kuchengeteka.  Mumufananidzo unotevera, nhanho idzi dzebasa reIT dzakaparadzaniswa kuita nhanho gumi, kubva pakutsanangurwa kusvika pakugadzirwa nekugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvebasa reIT:  Kuongorora uye kugadzira masisitimu Kuongorora uye kugadzira masisitimu (SAD) kunogona kutariswa sechiitiko chekugadzira meta, icho chinoshanda kuisa danho uye kusunga dambudziko. SAD inogona kubetsera kuenzanisa zvinodikanwa zvepamusoro-soro zvinokwikwidzana. SAD inopindirana neyakagoverwa bhizinesi dhizaini, bhizinesi I.T. Dhizaini, uye bhizinesi dhizaini, uye inovimba zvakanyanya nepfungwa dzakadai sekuparadzanisa, ma interface, vanhu uye mabasa, uye kuendesa / kushanda modelling kusvika padanho repamusoro-soro system rondedzero. Iyi rondedzero yepamusoro-soro inobva yaputswa muzvikamu uye ma module ayo anogona kuongororwa, kugadzirwa, uye kuvakwa zvakasiyana uye akabatanidzwa kuti azadzise chinangwa chebhizinesi. SDLC uye SAD ndiwo makona ezvigadzirwa zvizere zvehupenyu uye hurongwa hwekuronga.  Kuongorora uye kugadzira kunoenderana nechinhu Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) inzira yekuongorora dambudziko remunda kugadzira pfungwa yemhando iyo inogona kuzoshandiswa kutungamira budiriro. Mukati mechikamu chekuongorora, mugadziri anogadzira zvinodiwa zvakanyorwa uye gwaro rechiratidzo chepamutemo kuburikidza nekubvunzurudzwa nevanobata.  The Conceptual womuenzaniso kuti kunobva OOAD yemanyorero inoumbwa kushandiswa nyaya, uye kirasi uye kudyidzana diagrams. Inogonawo kusanganisira mushandisi interface mock-up.  Chinhu chinobuda hachidi kutsanangurwa zvizere kuti chishande sechinhu chinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu; kuongorora uye kugadzira zvinogona kuitika panguva imwe chete. Muzviito migumisiro yechiito chimwe inogona kupa zvokudya kune chimwe mukuita kunodzokororwa.  Zvimwe zvekuisa zvinhu zveOOAD:  Conceptual muenzaniso: A Conceptual muenzaniso ndiwo mugumisiro chinhu-zvinangwa kuongorora. Inobata pfungwa dziri munhau. Muenzaniso wepfungwa wakanyatsozvimiririra kubva pane zvakadzama zvekuita. Kushandiswa kwenyaya: Kushandiswa kwenyaya kurondedzerwa kwezviitiko zvinotevedzana izvo, zvakatorwa pamwe chete, zvinopedzisa basa rinodiwa. Kushandiswa nyaya imwe neimwe inopa mamiriro ezvinhu kuti ataure sei hurongwa vanofanira kushamwaridzana vatambi (vanoshandisa). Vatambi vangava vashandisi vokupedzisira kana mamwe masisitimu. Mhosva dzokushandisa dzinogona kuwedzerwa dzichishandisa mifananidzo. Mifananidzo yakadaro inoratidza munhu anoita basa racho uye zvaanoita. System Sequence Diagram: A System Sequence diagrams (SSD) mufananidzo unoratidza, kune imwe nyaya yekushandisa, zviitiko zvinogadzirwa nevatambi, kurongeka kwavo, kusanganisira zviitiko zvepakati-system. Mushandisi interface gwaro: Gwaro rinoratidza uye rinotsanangura mushandisi interface. Data model: Data model inorondedzera kuti data elements dzinowirirana sei. Muenzaniso wedata unogadzirwa pamberi pechikamu chekugadzira. Zvirongwa zvakarongedzerwa-zvinhu zvinobuda zvakananga mumuenzaniso wemashoko. Zvirongwa zvine chokuita noukama zvinobatanidzwa zvikuru. Hupenyu hwehurongwa The hurongwa upenyu kutenderera ndiyo maonero hurongwa kana aronga hurongwa kuti anotaura zvikamu zvose zvayo kuvapo kusanganisira hurongwa pfungwa, magadzirirwo uye kukura, kugadzirwa uye / kana kuvakwa, kuparadzira, kushanda, kugadzira uye rutsigiro, pamudyandigere, zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kuraswa.  Kugadzirwa kwepfungwa Chikamu chokugadzira pfungwa ndicho chinoongororwa chinodiwa, zvinodiwa kuti zvigadziriswe zvinogadziriswa, zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa, uye hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurongwa hunobudiswa. Rondedzero yesisitimu inomiririra zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi izvo zvichapa nhungamiro yakazara yekugadzirwa kwesisitimu. Nokuti gwaro iri rinosarudza zvose ramangwana kukura, danho haagoni kupedzwa kusvikira Conceptual magadzirirwo yokudzokorora yakaratidza kuti hurongwa Specification zvakakodzera anotaura kukurudzira kudiwa.  Matanho anokosha mukati mechikamu chekugadzira pfungwa anosanganisira:  Kuda kuzivikanwa Kuongorora kunogoneka Kuongororwa kwezvinodiwa nesystem Rondedzero yehurongwa Kuongorora kwepfungwa Kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu yokutanga Munguva iyi yenguva yekurarama kwegadziriro, masisitimu epasi anoita mabasa ehurongwa anodiwa anogadzirwa uye akatsanangurwa mukuteerera kune zvakataurwa nehurongwa. Kubatanidza pakati pezvikamu zvemasisitimu kunotsanangurwa, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwekuyedza uye kuongorora. Pakupera kwechikamu ichi, magadzirirwo anogadzirwa ayo anokwana kuita kugadzirwa kwakadzama nekugadzirwa.  Matanho anokosha mukati mechikamu chekutanga chekugadzira anosanganisira:  Kuongorora kwebasa Kugoverwa kwezvinodiwa Zvidzidzo zvakadzama zvekutsinhana Synthesis yesarudzo dzesisitimu Kugadzirwa kwokutanga kwemienzaniso yeinjiniya Kuvandudza Magadzirirwo Kuongorora kwokutanga kwokugadzira Somuenzaniso, somunhu anoongorora gadziriro dzeBhangi reViti, makapiwa basa rokuongorora gadziriro yeruzivo yazvino. Viti Bank ibhangi riri kukura nokukurumidza muFiji. Vatengi vari munzvimbo dziri kure dzokumaruwa vari kunetseka kuwana mabasa ebhengi. Zvinovatorera mazuva kana kuti kunyange mavhiki kuti vaende kunzvimbo yokuwana rubatsiro rwebhangi. Nechiono chokugutsa zvinodikanwa zvevatengi, bhangi rakakumbira mabasa enyu kuti muongorore gadziriro yazvino uye kuti muuye nemhinduro kana kurudziro dzokuti gadziriro yazvino inogona kupiwa sei kuti iwane zvinodikanwa zvayo.  Kugadzira uye kuvandudza Danho iri rinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yakadzama inoita kuti basa rokutanga rokugadzira riitwe kuti rive magwaro akazara. Basa iri rinosanganisira kurondedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinopindirana pakati pesisitimu nenzvimbo yainenge ichishandiswa, uye kuongororwa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu, kuchengetedza uye kutsigira zvinodiwa. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadzama nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotarisirwa kuti zvigadziriswe zvigadzirwa, maitiro uye zvinhu uye zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kukuru kune zvakagadzirwa.  Matanho anokosha mukati mekugadzira zvakadzama uye danho rekuvandudza anosanganisira:  Magadzirirwo Akadzama Nzwisiso yakadzama Kuvandudzwa kweinjiniya uye prototype mienzaniso Kugadziridzwa kwechinyorwa chekuvandudza Chigadzirwa, maitiro, uye zvinhu zvakatarwa Kuongorora kwakakomba kwegadziriro Kugadzira uye kuvaka Munguva yekugadzira uye/kana kugadzira chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa kana kuunganidzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakatsanangurwa muchigadzirwa, maitiro uye zvigadzirwa, uye zvinoshandiswa uye kuyedzwa mukati memamiriro ekushandisa. Kuongororwa kwegadziriro kunoitwa kuitira kugadzirisa zvikanganiso uye kugadziridza gadziriro kuitira kuti irambe ichivandudzwa.  Matanho anokosha mukati mechikamu chekuvakwa kwechigadzirwa anosanganisira:  Kugadzirwa uye/kana kuvakwa kwezvikamu zvehurongwa Kuedzwa kwekugamuchirwa Kugoverwa kwegadziriro uye kushanda Kuedza kushanda uye kuongorora Kuongororwa kwegadziriro Kushandiswa uye kutsigirwa Kamwe zvakazara deployed, hurongwa rinoshandiswa nokuda kwayo chinangwa operational basa uye akaramba mukati yayo operational zvakatipoteredza.  Matanho anokosha mukati mekushandisa uye kutsigira danho anosanganisira:  Kushanda kwesisitimu munzvimbo yemushandisi Change utariri Shanduko dzesisitimu dzekuvandudza Kuongororwa kwegadziriro Kubviswa uye kuraswa Kubudirira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwegadziriro yacho kunofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose kuti zvizivikanwe apo chigadzirwa chakasvika pakukwirira kwaro kunobudirira kwoupenyu. Kufunga kunosanganisira: kuramba kuripo kwekushandiswa kwekushandiswa, kuwirirana pakati pezvinodiwa zvekushanda uye kushanda kwesystem, kukwanisa kwehurongwa hwekubvisa kunze kwekugadzirisa, uye kuwanikwa kwezvimwe zvigadziriro.  Zvikamu  Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira rondedzero yemanyorerwo, kuverenga kwakabatana, kana zvinongedzo zvekunze, asi masosi ayo anoramba asina kujeka nekuti haawane zvinyorwa zvemukati. Ndapota betsera kuvandudza ichi chikamu kupfurikidza nokuunza mamwe mashoko akarurama. (January 2023) (Dzidza kuti ungabvisa sei uye riini meseji iyi) Kuongorora kweSystem Muchikamu ichi, zvinokosheswa zviripo izvo zvaizokanganiswa uye kuti zvinofanira kubatwa sei. Nzvero yokunobvira inosarudza kana kugadzira gadziriro itsva kana kuti yakavandudzwa kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinobatsira kufungidzira mari, zvinobatsira, zvinodiwa nemari, uye zvinodiwa nevashandisi.  Chidzidzo chechokwadi chinofanira kutarisana nekushanda, mari, unyanzvi, vanhu, uye mutemo / zvematongerwe enyika.  Kuongorora Chinangwa chokuongorora ndechokuziva kuti chinetso chiri kupi. Danho iri rinosanganisira kupatsanura hurongwa muzvidimbu, kuongorora zvinangwa zveprojekti, kupatsanura zvinoda kugadzirwa, uye kuita kuti vashandisi vatsanangure zvinodiwa.  Kugadzira Mukugadzirwa kwezvirongwa, mabasa nemabasa zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama, kusanganisira magadzirirwo ezviratidziro, mitemo yebhizinesi, madhayagiramu emabasa, uye mamwe magwaro. Modular magadzirirwo kunoderedza kunzwisisa uye anobvumira outputs kutsanangura hurongwa sezvo muunganidzwa subsystems.  Danho rokugadzira rinoshandisa zvinodiwa zvakatotsanangurwa. Nokuda kwechinodikanwa chimwe nechimwe, gadziriro yezvinhu zvokugadzira inogadzirwa.  Magwaro ekugadzira anowanzo sanganisira mashandiro ehutongi, masikirini, mitemo yebhizinesi, masikirini maitiro, pseudo-kodhi, uye yakazara data modhi ine duramazwi re data. Zvinhu izvi zvinorondedzera hurongwa hwacho zvakanyatsotsanangurwa zvokuti vanogadzira zvinhu uye mainjiniya vanogona kugadzira uye kupa hurongwa hwacho pasina zvimwe zvavanofanira kuita.  Kuedza Kodhi yacho inoedzwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana pakuedzwa kwesoftware. Chikwata, hurongwa, uye mushandisi kugamuchirwa miedzo vari yemanyorero kuitwa. Nzira dzakawanda dzokuedza nadzo dzakashandiswa.  Mhando dzinotevera dzokuedza dzingava dzakakodzera:  Kuedzwa kwenzira Kuedzwa kwedata set Kuedzwa kweyuniti Kuedzwa kwesystem Kuedzwa kwekubatanidzwa Kuedzwa kwebhokisi dema Kuedzwa kwebhokisi jena Kudzokorora kuongorora Kuedzwa kwemichina Kuedzwa kwekugamuchirwa kwevashandisi Kuedzwa kwekuita kwesoftware Kurovedza uye kuchinja Kana hurongwa hwave hwakagadzikana kuburikidza nekuedzwa, SDLC inovimbisa kuti kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kunogadzirirwa uye kunoitwa isati yashandura hurongwa hwekutsigira vashandi nevashandisi vekupedzisira. Kurovedza kazhinji kunobatanidza kurovedza kushanda kwevashandi vanotsigira pamwe nekudzidziswa kwevashandisi vekupedzisira.  Pashure pokurovedzwa, mainjiniya ezvirongwa nevagadziri vanochinjisa gadziriro yacho kunzvimbo yayo yokugadzira.  Kushanda nokuchengetedza Kugadziridza kunosanganisira kuchinja, kugadzirisa, uye kuvandudza.  Kuongorora Danho rokupedzisira reSDLC nderokuyera kubudirira kwegadziriro yacho uye kuongorora zvinogona kuvandudzwa.  Upenyu hwose Kutarisira uye kudzora  SDLC zvikamu zvine chekuita nekudzora manejimendi Zvinangwa zvechikamu cheSDLC zvinotsanangurwa muchikamu chino pamwe nezvakakosha zvinopihwa, rondedzero yemabasa anokurudzirwa, uye pfupiso yezvinangwa zvine chekuita nekudzora kwekutonga kwakanaka. Zvakakosha kuti mutungamiri webasa agadzire uye aongorore zvinangwa zvekutonga paanenge achiita mabasa. Zvinangwa zvokutonga mashoko akajeka omugumisiro unodiwa kana kuti chinangwa uye zvinofanira kutsanangurwa nokuongororwa mukati meprojekti. Zvinangwa zvekutonga zvinogona kuiswa mumapoka makuru (madomeni), uye zvine chekuita nematanho eSDLC sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.  Kuti utarisire uye udzore chirongwa chikuru cheSDLC, hurongwa hwekupatsanura basa (WBS) hunobata uye hunoronga basa racho. The WBS uye zvose programmatic zvinhu zvinofanira kuchengetwa mu "chirongwa rondedzero" chikamu chirongwa kabhuku. The chirongwa maneja anosarudza WBS pamanyorerwo kuti zvakanakisisa rinorondedzera chirongwa.  The dhayagiramu inoratidza kuti nhau inobatanidza zvikamu zvakawanda zveSDLC asi MCD yakabatana inoratidza mapepa kune zvikamu zveSDLC. Somuenzaniso, Analysis uye Design kunonyanya kuitwa sechikamu Acquisition uye Implementation Domain, uye System Build uye Prototype kunonyanya kuitwa sechikamu Delivery uye rutsigiro.  Kurongwa kwakarongwa kwebasa  Basa rakakamurwa Chikamu chepamusoro cheWBS chinopa mufananidzo wehuwandu hweprojekti uye nguva. Inofanirawo kupfupikisa zvikamu zvikuru nezviitiko zvinokosha. Chikamu chepakati chakavakirwa pazvikamu zveSDLC. Zvinhu zveWBS zvinoumbwa nezviitiko zvinokosha uye mabasa anofanira kupedzwa pane mabasa anofanira kuitwa uye ane nguva yakatarwa. Basa rimwe nerimwe rine zvaanobuda zvinogona kuyerwa (semuenzaniso, gwaro rekuongorora). Basa reWBS rinogona kuvimba nebasa rimwe chete kana anopfuura (semuenzaniso coding). Zvikamu zveprojekiti zvinoda kutsigirwa nevanokweretesa zvinofanira kuva neshoko rebasa (SOW). Kuvandudzwa kweSOW hakuitike panguva yakatarwa yeSDLC asi inogadziriswa kuti ibatanidze basa kubva kuSDLC maitiro anogona kuitiswa nevanopa zvibvumirano.  Miganhu yokutanga Baselines[clarification needed] dzinogadzwa mushure mematanho mana kubva pamatanho mashanu eSDLC, uye dzakakosha kune hunhu hwekudzokorora hwemhando. Miganhu yokutanga inova zviitiko zvinokosha.  basa rekutanga: rakagadzwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwepfungwa. nheyo yakapiwa: yakagadzirirwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwekutanga kwekugadzira. chigadzirwa chekutanga: chakagadzwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwakadzama uye chikamu chekuvandudza. updated product baseline: yakagadzwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwekuvaka.
Pane zvikamu zvinomwe mukutenderera kwoupenyu hwokuvandudza gadziriro. Ivo vari hurongwa kuongorora, Analysis, Design, Testing, Training uye kuchinja, Operations uye kugadzira uye Evaluation