Tichifunga nezvenyaya iyi inotaura nezvenhoroondo yeANT yeNSA, zvishandiso zvipi zvokubiridzira zvinoshandiswa kutapura BIOS yemakombiyuta kana kuti midziyo inobatanidza zvinhu?
Context:The ANT Catalog[a] (kana TAO Catalog) iri classified chigadzirwa Catalog kubudikidza US National Security Agency (NSA) iyo shanduro rakanyorwa muna 2008<unk>2009 rakabudiswa magazini German nhau Der Spiegel muna December 2013. Mapeji makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ekatalog[b] ane mifananidzo, mifananidzo uye tsanangudzo dzemidziyo yevasori nesoftware yevasori zvakabudiswa. Zvinhu zvacho zviripo kuTailored Access Operations unit uye zvinonyanya kunanga zvigadzirwa kubva kumakambani eU.S. akadai seApple, Cisco uye Dell. Manyuko acho anofungidzirwa kuva mumwe munhu akasiyana naEdward Snowden, uyo ane mutoro mukuru nokuda kwokuziviswa kwokuongorora kwenyika yose kubvira muna 2013. Makambani ane zvigadzirwa zvaigona kuvhiringidzwa akaramba kubatana kupi nokupi neNSA mukugadzira mano aya. Muna 2014, chirongwa chakatangwa kuita kugona kubva kuANT katarogu seyakavhurika-sosi Hardware uye software.  Zvakaitika The Tailored Access Operations unit yave iripo kubvira mukupera kwema1990. Basa rayo nderokuunganidza mashoko ezvokunzvera nezvezvinangwa zvokune dzimwe nyika zveUnited States nokupinda mumakombiyuta nemasaiti enhare.  Muna 2012, Edward Snowden akaronga CryptoParty pamwe chete naRuna Sandvik, aimbova mushandi pamwe naJacob Appelbaum paThe Tor Project. Muna June 2013, Snowden akatora zvinyorwa zvemukati zveNSA zvaakagovana naGlenn Greenwald naLaura Poitras, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwepasirese kwekuongorora. Kwakanga kwafungidzirwa kwamakore akawanda kuti mano akafanana neaya ari mubhuku reANT akanga aripo.  Kubudiswa Jacob Appelbaum co-akanyora bhuku reChirungu muDer Spiegel naChristian Stöcker [de] naJudith Horchert, iro rakaburitswa musi wa 29 Zvita 2013. Chinyorwa chechiRungu chakabatana pazuva rimwe chetero pamusoro peTAO neDer Spiegel chakanyorwawo nevanhu vamwe chete, uye kusanganisira Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler naHolger Stark. Musi waDecember 30, Appelbaum akapa hurukuro pamusoro pe "militarization yeInternet" pa30th Chaos Communication Congress muHamburg, Germany. Pakupera kwehurukuro yake, akakurudzira vashandi veNSA kuti vaburitse mamwe magwaro.  Apple yakaramba zvirevo zvekuti yakabatana mukugadzirwa kweDROPOUTJEEP mune chirevo kumunyori wenhau Arik Hesseldahl kubva kuAll Things Digital (chikamu cheWall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge yakabvunza kuti purogiramu yacho yakavandudzwa sei mumakore akazotevera, sezvo gwaro racho rakanyorwa munguva yekutanga ye iPhone uye mafoni akachenjera. Dell akaramba kubatana nehurumende ipi neipi, kubatanidza hurumende yeU.S. John Stewart, mutevedzeri womutungamiriri mukuru uye mukuru mukuru anoona nezvokuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu paCisco akataura kuti vakanga "vachinetseka zvikuru uye vacharamba vachitsvaka nzira dzose dzokuziva nadzo kana tichifanira kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva". Juniper akataura kuti vakanga vachishanda zvakasimba kuti vagadzirise chero nzira dzinogona kushandiswa. Huawei yakataura kuti yaizoita ongororo dzakakodzera kuti ione kana paine kukanganiswa uye yaizotaurirana kana izvi zvaitika. NSA yakaramba kutaura pamusoro pokubudiswa neDer Spiegel.  Kwakabva Kwayakaburitsa ANT katarogu kumapepanhau haizivikanwe kubva muna 2023.  Munyori anonzi James Bamford, uyo anoziva nezvemasangano ehurumende eUnited States, akanyora munyaya yakabudiswa neReuters kuti Appelbaum haana kutaura kuti ndiani akamupa mashoko eANT, izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti aiva Edward Snowden. Bamford akawana rusununguko rusingabvumirwi rwekuwana zvinyorwa kubva kuna Edward Snowden uye haana kukwanisa kuwana chero zvinyorwa kune ANT catalog uchishandisa otomatiki ekutsvaga maturusi, nekudaro achigumisa kuti zvinyorwa zvacho hazvina kuburitswa naye. Nyanzvi yezvokuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu Bruce Schneier akataura pablog rake kuti iyewo anotenda kuti bhuku reANT harina kubva kuna Snowden, asi kubva kune wechipiri anoburitsa mashoko. Vakuru vakuru veNSA havana kudavira kuti web crawler yaishandiswa naSnowden yakabata bhuku reANT ndokutanga kutsvaka vamwe vanhu vaigona kunge vakabudisa bhuku racho.  Zviri Mukati Mapeji akaratidzwa akaratidzwa akanyorwa pakati pa2008 na2009. Mutengo wezvinhu zvacho wakasiyana-siyana kubva papachena kusvika ku$250 000 (U.S.).  Zvinhu zviri mubhuku reANT Peji Zita reKodhi Rondedzero Mutengo weyuniti muUS $ [c] NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire mudziyo unotevedzera GSM cellphone tower. 40,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Mhuri yekugadziriswa kwe USB neEthernet yekubatanidza iyo inogona kushandiswa kuisa Trojan bhiza software uye kushanda semabhiriji asina waya, ichipa yakavanzika kure kure kune chinangwa muchina. COTTONMOUTH-I ipulagi yeUSB inoshandisa TRINITY sedhijitari yedhijitari uye HOWLERMONKEY seRF transceiver. NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Inogona kuiswa mu USB socket (pane plug), uye, asi inoda kuwedzerwa kubatana mumushini wakanangwa kuti ushandiswe. 4,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Yakaiswa Ethernet uye USB plug 24,960 NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM yekutaurirana module inokwanisa kuunganidza nekumanikidza izwi data 4,000 NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Chigadziro che radar chinoramba chichienderera chinogona "kuvhenekera" hurongwa hwechinangwa kuti uwanezve ruzivo rwe "off net". N/A NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router se Network-In-a-Box 70,000[d] NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Tekinoroji inoisa software yekumashure pane Dell PowerEdge maseva kuburikidza neiyo mamaboard BIOS uye RAID controller ((s). 0 NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "Software implant yeApple iPhone iyo inoshandisa modular mishoni kunyorera kupa chaiyo SIGINT mashandiro. Iri basa rinosanganisira kukwanisa kusundira kure / kudhonza mafaira kubva pachigadzirwa. Kuwana SMS, kuwana mazita evanhu, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, kutora kamera, nzvimbo yenhare, nezvimwewo. Kurayira, kudzora uye kubuda kwedata kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekutumira mameseji eSMS kana kubatana kwedata reGPRS. Kukurukurirana kwose nechirwere chacho kuchavanzwa uye kuchanyoreswa". NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-bhendi vanoshingaira GSM base chiteshi pamwe womukati 802.11/GPS/handset kugona 40,000 NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction kuwana chikumbiro nokuda GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 uye FRS anonongedzera 70,000 NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software inogona kupinda Juniper Networks firewalls ichibvumira imwe NSA-yakagadzirirwa software kuti iiswe pamakombiyuta makuru. N/A NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Chishandiso chinotaridzika chakafanana neyakajairwa RJ45 socket iyo inobvumidza data kuiswa, kana kuongororwa uye kutumirwa kuburikidza neredhiyo tekinoroji. uchishandisa HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. Inogona somuenzaniso kugadzira VPN kukombiyuta inotarisirwa. NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset pamwe akawedzera-software-zvinorondedzerwa redhiyo zvinhu kunyora redhiyo maitikiro chakarondedzera 15,000 NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant yeJTAG bus device inonzi FLUXBABBITT iyo inowedzerwa kuDell PowerEdge servers panguva yekurambidzwa. GODSURGE inoisa implant pakugadzirisa hurongwa uchishandisa FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface kune Xeon series CPU. 500[e] NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology iyo inoshandisa PCI bhazi mudziyo mukombiyuta, uye anogona kuzvidzorera pachayo pamusoro hurongwa boot-up. 0 NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software inoshandisa SIM kadhi yefoni yefoni (SIM Toolkit kana STK) kudzora foni kuburikidza nemirairo inotumirwa kure. 0 NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0 NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Kushandiswa kwemusuwo wekumashure weHuawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY An RF transceiver inoita kuti zvikwanisike (pamwe chete nedigital processors uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa) kubvisa data kubva kumasisitimu kana kubvumira kuti vadzorerwe kure. 750[f] NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Tekinoroji inogona kupinda mufirmware yema hard drive anogadzirwa naMaxtor, Samsung, Seagate, uye Western Digital. 0 NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology iyo inogona "kutapura" mitambo nokuzviisa pachayo mukombiyuta I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF inobatanidzawo "Straitbizarre" uye "Unitedrake" izvo zvakabatanidzwa nesoftware yespion REGIN. 0 NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant yakavakirwa pane ARM9 core uye FPGA. N/A NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware iyo inogona kuiswa kuti igadzire musuo wenguva dzose muCisco PIX series uye ASA firewalls. 0 NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Chigadzirwa chokuteerera chine RF retro-reflector chinoshandisa ruzha. 30 NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module inenge yakakura semadhenari anoshanda semidziyo yemidziyo yeimwe michina. The module rine 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB pamusoro flash, 8 MB pamusoro RAM, uye FPGA pamwe 500,000 masuo. Inotsiva modules yechizvarwa yapfuura iyo yakavakirwa paHC12 microcontroller. 3,000[g] NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Purogiramu inotumira nzvimbo yefoni inotakurika nomashoko akavanzwa. 0 NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000 NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Sisitimu inotakurika inoisa Microsoft Windows inoshandisa kubva kure kusvika kumakiromita masere pamusoro pekubatana kusina waya. N/A[h] NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Kombiyuta inotakurika inoshandiswa kudzokorora uye kuratidza data revhidhiyo kubva kumasaini eVAGRANT; inoshandiswa pamwe chete neradar sosi yakaita seCTX4000 kuvhenekera chinangwa kuti ugamuchire data kubva pairi. N/A NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Purogiramu inogona kuunganidza mashoko enzvimbo yefoni, kufona metadata, kuwana maikorofoni yefoni kuti iteerere kukurukurirana kuri pedyo. 2,000 NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO Basa rakabatanidzwa reNSA/GCHQ rokugadzira radar system yokutsiva CTX4000. 40,000 NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER Chishandiso chakavanzika chinobata chiratidzo chevhidhiyo kubva pakombiyuta yekombiyuta yeVGA yekombiyuta kuitira kuti NSA ione zviri pane imwe nzvimbo yakatarisa. Inotsigirwa neradar iri kure uye inopindura nekugadzirisa chiratidzo cheVGA tsvuku (iyo inotumirwawo mazhinji madoko eDVI) muchiratidzo cheRF chinodzokorora; iyi nzira yekutumira inonzi code VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER inowanzogadziriswa/kuvanzwa mu ferrite choke yekombiyuta inotarisirwa. Zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvine musi wa2008-07-24. Midziyo inoverengeka inogamuchira/inoderedza iripo, somuenzaniso NIGHTWATCH. 30 NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software inoita kuti DNT[i] zvigadziriswe zvinoramba zviripo paJUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software inoita kuti DNT implants irambe iri paJUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software inoita kuti DNT implant irambe iri paJUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software iyo inogona kuiswa muWindows XP system ichibvumira kuti ive iri kure inodzorwa kubva kumuzinda weNSA. 50,000 NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software iyo inogona kukanganisa Juniper Networks SSG300 uye SSG500 series firewalls. 0 NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II Kombiyuta duku rakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nokuda WLAN muunganidzwa, kusanganisira kubva UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB yakavakirwa-yakazara, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, uye 802.11 B / G Hardware. Kumhanya Linux 2.4 uye purogiramu yepurogiramu yeBLINDDATE. Mutengo weyuniti (2008): $6K. 6,000 NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Tekinoroji yekutarisa yekukiya iyo inogona kushandiswa pamakomputa ari kure asina kubatana neinternet. NSA SWAP.jpg Tekinoroji yeSWAP inogona kudzokorora BIOS yemasisitimu akawanda anoshandisa FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, kana Windows. 0 NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector kupa ruzivo rwomugariro. 30 NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE chirimwa chokubvisa zvinyorwa zvemafoni, mazita okutaura nevamwe uye mamwe mashoko. N/A NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Purogiramu inogona kuiswa pafoni yeWindows inobvumira kutonga kwakakwana kure. 0 NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module inoshandisa 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB ye flash, 96 MB ye SDRAM, uye FPGA ine 1 miriyoni yemasuo. Zviduku kudarika peni. 6,250[j] NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box nokuda kweGSM network ine chiratidzo uye kudana kutonga. N/A NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH "Chishandiso chokupedzisa" chinotakurika chinobvumira mushandisi kuwana nzvimbo chaiyo yefoni iri pedyo. N/A NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin yokuunganidza mashoko kubva zvinangwa vachishandisa Windows Management Instrumentation 0 Kufambira Mberi Kwakaitika Nyanzvi yezvokuchengeteka Matt Suiche yakataura kuti kushandiswa kwesoftware kwakabudiswa neShadow Brokers kwaigona kuonekwa sokwechokwadi nemhaka yokuti kwaiwirirana nemazita ari mubhuku reANT. John Bumgarner akaudza IEEE Spectrum kuti hurumende yeUS inofungidzira Huawei yakavakirwa pakukwanisa kwayo kuwedzera backdoors sezvakaratidzwa mu ANT catalog.  NSA Playset NSA Playset chirongwa chakavhurika-sosi chakafuridzirwa nekatalog yeNSA ANT kugadzira maturusi anowanikwa uye ari nyore kushandisa kune vaongorori vekuchengetedza. Zvizhinjisa zvezvishandiso zvokuongorora zvinogona kugadzirwazve nechokuwanika kana kuti chakavhurika-tsime rehardware nesoftware. Kusvika pari zvino, NSA Playset ine zvinhu gumi nezvina, izvo kodhi uye mirayiridzo inogona kuwanikwa paIndaneti papeji rekutanga reprojekti. Mushure mokunge mashoko acho abudiswa, Michael Ossman, muvambi weGreat Scott Gadgets, akashevedza vamwe vaongorori vezvokuchengetedza kuti vatange kugadzira zvishandiso zvataurwa mubhuku racho uye kuti vazvigadzire patsva. Zita rokuti NSA Playset rakabva kuna Dean Pierce, uyo anobatsirawo (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE ((GSM)) kuNSA Playset. Munhu upi noupi anokokwa kubatana ndokupa mudziyo wake amene. Zvinodikanwa zvekuwedzera kuNSA Playset chirongwa chakafanana kana chiripo cheNSA ANT, nyore kushandisa uye zita risinganzwisisike (rakavakirwa pazita rekutanga rekushandisa kana zvichibvira). Zita risinganzwisisiki rinodiwa mutemo wakaunzwa naMichael Ossman pachake uye muenzaniso unopiwa pawebsite yeprojekti: "Somuenzaniso, kana purojekiti yako yakafanana neFOXACID, zvichida unogona kuitumidza kuti COYOTEMETH". Kureruka kwokushandisa kunobvawo mumutsetse weNSA Playset wokuti: "Kana mwana ane makore 10 asingagoni kuzviita, hazvibatsiri!"  Zita Rondedzero TWILIGHTTVEGETABLE mufananidzo wokutanga wokuongorora kukurukurirana kweGSM. LEVITICUS ruoko rwakabata GSM frequency analyzer yakavanzwa seMotorola foni; yakatumidzwa zita reGENESIS. DRIZZLECHAIR dhisiki rakaoma rine zvishandiso zvose zvinodiwa kupwanya A5/1 kubatanidza matafura emuraraungu. PORCUPINEMASQUERADE drone yokunzvera isina waya isina waya. KEYSWEEPER mucherechedzi wezvikwangwani muchimiro chechichaja chemadziro cheUSB, icho pasina waya uye passive chinonhuwira, chinodzikunura, chinonyora uye chinodzosera (pamusoro peGSM). SLOTSCREAMER chigadziro chePCI, chinogona kuwana ndangariro neIO. ADAPTERNOODLE mudziyo wokushandisa USB. CHUKWAGON inoshandisa pini pachiteshi cheVGA chekombuta kurwisa kuburikidza nebhazi reI2C rinopinda mukombuta inoshanda. TURNIPSCHOOL chigadzirwa chehardware chakavanzwa mumutsetse weUSB unopa simba rekukurukurirana redhiyo yenguva pfupi kune software iri kumhanya pakombuta yekugamuchira. BLINKERCOUGH chipfeko chemuchina chinoiswa muVGA tambo inobvumira kubuda kwemashoko. SAVIORBURST chipfeko chehardware chinoshandisa iyo JTAG interface ye software application kuramba; yakatumidzwa zita reGODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT rinotsiviwa ne SOLDERPEEK. CACTUSTUTU Chishandiso chinotakurika chinogonesa kuiswa pasina waya kweMicrosoft Windows exploits; inovhara NIGHTSTAND. TINYALAMO software inonanga BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) uye inobvumira kuongorora keystroke (keylogger) uye jekiseni. CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector yakagadzirirwa kuedza. Kushandiswa kwakarongwa kwaizova kuiswa mukati mekabhu uye kubuda kwedata kwakavakirwa pane radio reflectivity yechigadzirwa. Onawo Hondo yepaIndaneti muUnited States Boka reEquation MiniPanzer uye MegaPanzer Stuxnet KUDADA KWEMURWI Tsanangudzo Hazvizivikanwi kana ANT ichimirira Advanced Network Technology kana kuti Access Network Technology.  Nyaya iri muDer Spiegel inotaura kuti i"gwaro rine mapeji 50" uye kuti "mapeji anoda kusvika 50" anobudiswa. Muunganidzwa wacho une mapeji 49. Der Spiegel yakataurawo kuti gwaro racho ringangova risina kukwana.  Kana mutengo wakanyorwa uri muhomwe, kuverenga kunoitwa kuti uwane mutengo weyuniti Kwemwedzi miviri Kubatanidza mari yokuisa Pakuraira zvikamu 25, mutengo wechinhu chimwe nechimwe US$1000 Kusvikira ku4000 Inosiyana-siyana kubva pachikuva kuenda kuchikuva Data Network Technologies, chikamu cheTailored Access Operations Zvikamu 100 nokuda kwe625 000
DEITYBOUNCE, IRONCHEF, SOUFFLETROUGH, uye SWAP zvishandiso zvokubiridzira zvinogona kushandiswa kutapurira maserver, makombiyuta, uye zvishandiso zvinobatanidza. DEITYBOUNCE inyanzvi inoshandisa software yekugadzirisa pane Dell PowerEdge servers kuburikidza ne motherboard BIOS uye RAID controller (s). IRONCHEF inyanzvi inogona "kutapura" mitambo nokuzviisa iyo pachayo muBIOS yeI/O yekombiyuta. SOUFFLETROUGH is BIOS injection software iyo inogona kukanganisa Juniper Networks SSG300 uye SSG500 series firewalls. SWAP inyanzvi inokwanisa kudzokorora BIOS yemapurogiramu akawanda anoshandisa FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, kana Windows.