Iyini i-United States Bill of Rights?
Context:UMqulu Wamalungelo ase-United States uqukethe izichibiyelo zokuqala eziyishumi zoMthethosisekelo wase-United States. Ephakanyiswe kulandela impikiswano evame ukuba nomunyu ngo-1787<unk>88 mayelana nokugunyazwa koMthethosisekelo futhi yabhalwa ukubhekana nokuphikisana okuphakanyiswe ama-Anti-Federalists, izichibiyelo zoMqulu Wamalungelo zengeza kuMthethosisekelo iziqinisekiso ezithile zamalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu siqu, imikhawulo ecacile emandleni kahulumeni ezinkantolo nakwezinye izinqubo, kanye nezimemezelo ezicacile zokuthi wonke amandla anganikezwanga ngqo kuhulumeni wobumbano nguMthethosisekelo agcinelwe izifundazwe noma abantu. Imiqondo ehlanganiswe kulezi zichibiyelo yakhelwe kulabo abasemibhalweni yangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi i-Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), kanye ne-Northwest Ordinance (1787), i-English Bill of Rights (1689), neMagna Carta (1215).  Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yemizamo yoMmeleli uJames Madison, owafunda ukushiyeka koMthethosisekelo okwashiwo yilabo ababephikisana nohulumeni wase-United base benza uchungechunge lweziphakamiso zokulungisa, iCongress yavuma izihloko eziyishumi nambili zokuchibiyela ngoSepthemba 25, 1789, futhi yazethula ezifundazweni ukuze ziqinisekiswe. Ngokuphambene nesiphakamiso sikaMadison sokuthi izichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo zifakwe emzimbeni oyinhloko woMthethosisekelo (ezihlokweni ezifanele nasezingxenyeni zedokhumenti), zahlongozwa njengezengezo ezingeziwe (ama-codicils) kuwo. Izigaba ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi nambili zaqinisekiswa njengezengezo kuMthethosisekelo ngoDisemba 15, 1791, futhi zaba izichibiyelo zokuqala kuya kweziyishumi zoMthethosisekelo. Isigaba Sesibili saba yingxenye yoMthethosisekelo ngoMeyi 5, 1992, njengeSichibiyelo Samashumi Amabili Nesikhombisa. I-Article One isalindile phambi kwezifundazwe.  Nakuba izichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo zikaMadison zazihlanganisa nesimiso sokwandisa ukuvikelwa kwezinye zeMithetho Yamalungelo ezifundazweni, izichibiyelo ezanikezwa ekugcineni ukuze zivunyelwe zazisebenza kuphela kuhulumeni wobumbano. Umnyango wokusetshenziswa kwawo kohulumeni bezifundazwe wavuleka ngawo-1860, ngemva kokugunyazwa kweSichibiyelo Seshumi Nesine. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinkantolo zombuso nezikahulumeni ziye zasebenzisa iSilungiso Seshumi nane ukuze zisebenzise izingxenye zoMqulu Wamalungelo oHulumeni basezifundazweni kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukufakwa.  Kusekhona amakhophi amaningana asekuqaleni alotshiwe oMqulu Wamalungelo Esintu. Enye yalezi ibekwe obala unomphela e - National Archives eWashington, D.C.
UMqulu Wamalungelo ase-United States uqukethe izichibiyelo zokuqala eziyishumi zoMthethosisekelo wase-United States. Ephakanyiswe kulandela impikiswano evame ukuba nomunyu ngo-1787<unk>88 mayelana nokugunyazwa koMthethosisekelo futhi yabhalwa ukubhekana nokuphikisana okuphakanyiswe ama-Anti-Federalists, izichibiyelo zoMqulu Wamalungelo zengeza kuMthethosisekelo iziqinisekiso ezithile zamalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu siqu, imikhawulo ecacile emandleni kahulumeni ezinkantolo nakwezinye izinqubo, kanye nezimemezelo ezicacile zokuthi wonke amandla anganikezwanga ngqo kuhulumeni wobumbano nguMthethosisekelo agcinelwe izifundazwe noma abantu. Imiqondo ehlanganiswe kulezi zichibiyelo yakhelwe kulabo abasemibhalweni yangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi i-Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), kanye ne-Northwest Ordinance (1787), i-English Bill of Rights (1689), kanye ne-Magna Carta (1215).