Uchishandisa ndima inotevera, rondedzera muchidimbu nhoroondo yokurimwa kwamazambiringa uye kushandiswa kwemapfunde.
Context:Michero yakaomeswa yakadai semazambiringa akaomeswa, maonde, michero, mabricoti nemaapuro zvave zviri zvokudya zveMediterranean kwezviuru zvemakore. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nokuti zvirimwa izvi zvakatanga kurimwa kuMiddle East munzvimbo inonzi Fertile Crescent, iyo inosanganisira Iran yemazuva ano, Iraq, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweTurkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, uye kuchamhembe kweEgypt. Kuomesa kana kuti kusava nemvura mumvura kwaivawo nzira yokutanga yokuchengetedza zvokudya: mazambiringa, madhaimani, uye maonde aiwa pamuti kana kuti muzambiringa aiomeswa nezuva rinopisa. Vavhimi-vanounganidza vokutanga vakacherechedza kuti zvibereko izvi zvakawa zvakatora chimiro chinodyiwa, uye vakazvikoshesa nokuda kwokugadzikana kwazvo pamwe chete nounyoro hwazvo hwakasimba. Mashoko okutanga akanyorwa nezvezvibereko zvakaomeswa anogona kuwanikwa mumatombo eMesopotamia anobva munenge muna 1500 BC, ayo ane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekare zvakanyorwa. Mahwendefa evhu aya, akanyorwa nechiAkkadian, mutauro waitaurwa muBhabhironi zuva nezuva, akanyorwa necuneiform uye anotaura nezvezvokudya zvinobva pazvirimwa (bhari, chibage, gorosi), miriwo nemichero yakadai sematamba, maonde, maapuro, magirena, uye mazambiringa. Idzi nzanga dzapakuvamba dzakanga dzichishandisa madari, muto wamatariki unonhuwira kuva manyuchi uye mazambiringa akaomeswa sezvinonhuwira. Vaisanganisira michero yakaomeswa muzvingwa zvavo zvavaiva nemaresipi anopfuura 300, kubvira pachingwa chebhari chakareruka chevashandi kusvika kumakeke akanyatsogadzirwa, ane zvinonhuwira nouchi zvamambo netemberi. Muchindwe waiva mumwe wemiti yokutanga kurimwa. Yakanga yakashandiswa muMesopotamia makore anopfuura 5.000 apfuura. Yaikura zvikuru muFertile Crescent uye yaibereka zvikuru (muchindwe womuchindwe unobereka 50 kg (100 lbs) yemichero pagore kwamakore 60 kana kuti kupfuura) zvokuti michindwe yaiva yakachipa zvikurusa yezvokudya zvikuru. Nemhaka yokuti dzaikosha kwazvo, dzakanyorwa zvakanaka pazvivako zvinoyevedza uye mutemberi dzeAsiriya neBhabhironi. Vagari vomumusha vokuMesopotamia vaidziomesa ndokuidya sezvokudya zvinotapira. Zvainge zviri zvitsva, zvakaomeswa zvinyoro-nyoro kana kuti zvakaomeswa zvakasimba, zvaibatsira kupa chimiro kuzvokudya zvenyama nezvokudya zvezviyo. Vaifarirwa nevafambi nokuda kwesimba ravaiva naro uye vaiwanzokurudzirwa kuti zvibatsire pakurwisa kuneta. Maonde aikosheswawo chaizvo muMesopotamiya yekare, muParestina, muIsraeri uye muIjipiti, uye anofanira kunge aidhura kupfuura madomasi. Kunze kwokuoneka mumifananidzo yemadziro, mienzaniso mizhinji yakawanwa mumakuva eEgipita sezvipo zvamariro. MuGirisi neKrete, maonde aikurumidza kukura uye aiva zvokudya zvikuru zvevarombo nevapfumi, kunyanya akaomeswa. Kurimwa kwamazambiringa kwakatanga muArmenia nemunharaunda dzekumabvazuva kweMediterranean muzana remakore rechina BC. Mazambiringa akaomeswa muzuva rinopisa romurenje kuti ave mazambiringa akaomeswa. Nokukurumidza zvikuru, kurima mazambiringa nokugadzira mazambiringa akaoma zvakapararira muNorth Africa yose kusanganisira Morocco neTunisia. VaFenikiya nevaIjipiti ndivo vakatanga kurima mazambiringa emuzambiringa, zvichida nemhaka yemamiriro okunze akaoma akanga akakodzera kuomeswa nezuva. Vakazviisa mumidziyo kuti zvichengetedzwe uye vakazvipa zviuru nezviuru kumatemberi akasiyana-siyana. Vaidziisawo muchingwa uye mumakeke akasiyana-siyana, mamwe aiiswa uchi, mamwe mukaka nemazai. Kubva kuMiddle East, michero iyi yakapararira neGirisi ichienda kuItaly uko yakava chikamu chikuru chokudya. VaRoma vekare vaidya mazambiringa akaomeswa akawanda zvikuru uye mumapoka ose evanhu, vachiabatanidza sechikamu chinokosha chezvokudya zvavo zvavose, pamwe chete nemaorivhi nemichero mitsva. Chingwa chaiva nemiriwo chaishandiswa pakudya kwemangwanani uye chaidyiwa pamwe chete nezviyo, bhinzi, uye mukaka. Mazambiringa akaomeswa aikosheswa zvikuru zvokuti akanga asingachashandiswi sezvokudya chete uye akava mibayiro yevatambi vanobudirira, uyewo aiva mari inokosha yokuchinjana nayo. Kuva nezvibereko zvakaomeswa kwakanga kuchikosha muRoma yekare sezvo iyi mirayiridzo kuvashandi vepamba munenge muna 100 BC inoti: "Anofanira kuchengeta zvokudya zvakabikwa zviripo nokuda kwako navaranda. Anofanira kuchengeta huku dzakawanda uye kuva nemazai akawanda. Anofanira kuva nechitoro chikuru chamapere akaomeswa, sorbs, maonde, mazambiringa akaomeswa, sorbs mumuto, mapere akachengetedzwa namizambiringa nemichindwe. Anofanirawo kuchengeta mazambiringa akachengetedzwa mumupumburu wemazambiringa uye mumidziyo yakavigwa muvhu, pamwe chete namatamba matsva ePraenestine akachengetwa nenzira imwe cheteyo, uye michero yeScantian mumidziyo, uye mimwe michero inowanzochengetedzwa, pamwe chete nemichero yemusango. Anofanira kuzvichengeta gore negore". Maonde aifarirwawo zvikuru muRoma. Maonde akaomeswa aiwedzerwa pachingwa uye ndiwo ainyanya kudyiwa nevanhu vomumaruwa munguva yechando. Dzaizosukwa nezvinonhuwira zvakadai sekumin, anise uye mbeu dzefennel, kana kuti sesame yakagochwa, dzoputirwa mumashizha omuonde uye dzakachengetwa mumidziyo. Nhasi, nzvimbo huru dzinogadzira dzinosanganisira Israeri, Jerusarema, Gaza nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzechiArabhu. Maonde akaomeswa akapfuma mumavhitamini, phosphorus nemamwe mamineral anokosha. Mapear, maapricot nemaperekisi zvakabva kuAsia. Dzakanga dzapfuyiwa muChina mumireniyumu yechitatu BC uye dzakapararira kuFertile Crescent uko dzaizivikanwawo zvikuru, dzichiri nyowani uye dzakaomeswa zvakafanana. Dzakazosvika kuGreece neItaly nguva refu dzapfuura uye dzaidhura zvikuru asi dzaikosheswa pakugadzira ndiro dzakanaka dzine chizi kana kuti dzakabikwa nouchi nezvinonhuhwirira.
Kurimwa kwamazambiringa kwakatanga muArmenia nemunharaunda dzekumabvazuva kweMediterranean muzana remakore rechina BC. Mazambiringa akaomeswa muzuva rinopisa romurenje kuti ave mazambiringa akaomeswa. Nokukurumidza zvikuru, kurima mazambiringa nokugadzira mazambiringa akaoma zvakapararira muNorth Africa yose kusanganisira Morocco neTunisia. VaFenikiya nevaIjipiti ndivo vakatanga kurima mazambiringa emuzambiringa, zvichida nemhaka yemamiriro okunze akaoma akanga akakodzera kuomeswa nezuva. Vakazviisa mumidziyo kuti zvichengetedzwe uye vakazvipa zviuru nezviuru kumatemberi akasiyana-siyana. Vaidziisawo muchingwa nemamwe makeke akasiyana-siyana. Kubva kuMiddle East, michero iyi yakapararira neGirisi ichienda kuItaly uko yakava chikamu chikuru chokudya. VaRoma vekare vaidya mazambiringa akaomeswa akawanda zvikuru uye mumapoka ose evanhu, vachiabatanidza sechikamu chinokosha chezvokudya zvavo zvavose, pamwe chete nemaorivhi nemichero mitsva. Chingwa chaiva nemiriwo chaishandiswa pakudya kwemangwanani uye chaidyiwa pamwe chete nezviyo, bhinzi, uye mukaka. Mazambiringa akaomeswa aikosheswa zvikuru zvokuti akanga asingachashandiswi sezvokudya chete uye akava mibayiro yevatambi vanobudirira, uyewo aiva mari inokosha yokuchinjana nayo.