Rosa Parks aiva ani?
Context:Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 <unk> October 24, 2005) aiva muAmerican activist ari kodzero dzevanhu kufamba zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa nokuda kwake chinokosha basa iri Montgomery bhazi kurambidzwa. Dare reUnited States Congress rakamukudza richiti "mukadzi wokutanga aichengetedza kodzero dzevanhu" uye "amai vekurwira rusununguko". Parks akava mushandi weNAACP muna 1943, achibatanidzwa mumakwikwi akawanda ekurwira kodzero dzevanhu. Musi waDecember 1, 1955, muMontgomery, Alabama, Parks akaramba murayiro womutyairi webhazi James F. Blake wokubvisa mutsara wezvigaro zvina muchikamu che"varungu" achifarira mufambi weChitema, kana chikamu che"Vachena" chazadzwa. Parks akanga asiri munhu wokutanga kurwisa kupatsanurwa kwebhazi, asi National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) yaidavira kuti ndiye aiva munhu akanakisisa kuti aone kupokana kwedare mushure mekusungwa kwake nokuda kwekusateerera kwevanhu mukuputsa mitemo yekuparadzanisa Alabama, uye akabatsira kukurudzira nharaunda yevatema kuti varambe mabhazi eMontgomery kwegore rinopfuura. Nyaya yacho yakasvika pakuva yakaoma mumatare ehurumende, asi mhosva yebhazi yeMontgomery yeBrowder v. Gayle yakaguma nesarudzo yaNovember 1956 yokuti kuparadzaniswa kwebhazi kunopesana nebumbiro remitemo pasi peEqual Protection Clause ye 14th Amendment kuU.S. Constitution.  Chiito chaParks chokuramba uye kurambidzwa kwebhazi reMontgomery zvakava zviratidzo zvinokosha zvorwendo rwacho. Akava chiratidzo chepasi rose chekuramba rusarura, uye akaronga uye akabatana nevatungamiriri vekodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira Edgar Nixon naMartin Luther King Jr. Panguva iyoyo, Parks akashanda semusoni pachitoro chemunharaunda uye aive munyori wechikamu cheMontgomery cheNAACP. Nguva pfupi yakanga yapfuura akanga apinda Highlander Folk School, nzvimbo yokuTennessee yokurovedza vashandi vanorwira kodzero dzevashandi uye kuenzana kwemarudzi. Kunyange zvazvo airemekedzwa zvikuru mumakore akazotevera, akatamburawo nokuda kwechiito chake; akadzingwa pabasa rake, uye akatyisidzirwa norufu kwemakore akawanda pashure pacho. Nokukurumidza pashure pokurambidzwa kwacho, akatamira kuDetroit, kwaakawana basa rakafanana kwenguva pfupi. Kubva muna 1965 kusvika muna 1988, akashanda semunyori uye mugamuchiri kuna John Conyers, mumiriri weAfrica-America. Akanga achishandawo mubato reBlack Power uye kutsigira vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika muUS.  Pashure pokurega basa, Parks akanyora nhoroondo youpenyu hwake uye akaramba achisimbirira kuti paiva nebasa rakawanda raifanira kuitwa mukurwira kururamisira. Mapaki akagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwenyika, kusanganisira NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, iyo Presidential Medal yeRusununguko, iyo Congressional Gold Medal, uye chifananidzo chakafa muUnited States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Paakafa muna 2005, akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga kurara mukukudzwa muCapitol Rotunda. California neMissouri vanorangarira Zuva raRosa Parks pazuva rake rokuberekwa, February 4, nepo Ohio, Oregon, neTexas vachirangarira zuva rokusungwa kwake, December 1.
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, akaberekwa musi waFebruary 4, 1913 akanga ari muAmerican activist mumusangano wekodzero dzevanhu anozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwebasa rake rinokosha muMontgomery bhazi. Dare reUnited States Congress rakamukudza richiti "mukadzi wokutanga aichengetedza kodzero dzevanhu" uye "amai vekurwira rusununguko". Parks akava mushandi weNAACP muna 1943, achibatanidzwa mumakwikwi akawanda ekurwira kodzero dzevanhu. Musi waDecember 1, 1955, muMontgomery, Alabama, Parks akaramba murayiro womutyairi webhazi James F. Blake wokubvisa mutsara wezvigaro zvina muchikamu che"varungu" achifarira mufambi weChitema, kana chikamu che"Vachena" chazadzwa. Parks akanga asiri munhu wokutanga kurwisa kupatsanurwa kwebhazi, asi National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) yaidavira kuti ndiye aiva munhu akanakisisa kuti aone kupokana kwedare mushure mekusungwa kwake nokuda kwekusateerera kwevanhu mukuputsa mitemo yekuparadzanisa Alabama, uye akabatsira kukurudzira nharaunda yevatema kuti varambe mabhazi eMontgomery kwegore rinopfuura. Nyaya yacho yakasvika pakuva yakaoma mumatare ehurumende, asi mhosva yebhazi yeMontgomery yeBrowder v. Gayle yakaguma nesarudzo yaNovember 1956 yokuti kuparadzaniswa kwebhazi kunopesana nebumbiro remitemo pasi peEqual Protection Clause ye 14th Amendment kuU.S. Constitution.  Chiito chaParks chokuramba uye kurambidzwa kwebhazi reMontgomery zvakava zviratidzo zvinokosha zvorwendo rwacho. Akava chiratidzo chepasi rose chekuramba rusarura, uye akaronga uye akabatana nevatungamiriri vekodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira Edgar Nixon naMartin Luther King Jr. Panguva iyoyo, Parks akashanda semusoni pachitoro chemunharaunda uye aive munyori wechikamu cheMontgomery cheNAACP. Nguva pfupi yakanga yapfuura akanga apinda Highlander Folk School, nzvimbo yokuTennessee yokurovedza vashandi vanorwira kodzero dzevashandi uye kuenzana kwemarudzi. Kunyange zvazvo airemekedzwa zvikuru mumakore akazotevera, akatamburawo nokuda kwechiito chake; akadzingwa pabasa rake, uye akatyisidzirwa norufu kwemakore akawanda pashure pacho. Nokukurumidza pashure pokurambidzwa kwacho, akatamira kuDetroit, kwaakawana basa rakafanana kwenguva pfupi. Kubva muna 1965 kusvika muna 1988, akashanda semunyori uye mugamuchiri kuna John Conyers, mumiriri weAfrica-America. Akanga achishandawo mubato reBlack Power uye kutsigira vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika muUS.  Pashure pokurega basa, Parks akanyora nhoroondo youpenyu hwake uye akaramba achisimbirira kuti paiva nebasa rakawanda raifanira kuitwa mukurwira kururamisira. Mapaki akagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwenyika, kusanganisira NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, iyo Presidential Medal yeRusununguko, iyo Congressional Gold Medal, uye chifananidzo chakafa muUnited States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Paakafa muna 2005, akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga kurara mukukudzwa muCapitol Rotunda. California neMissouri vanorangarira Zuva raRosa Parks pazuva rake rokuberekwa, February 4, nepo Ohio, Oregon, neTexas vachirangarira zuva rokusungwa kwake, December 1.