Uyini umsuka womuntu?
Context:Abantu (Homo sapiens) yizona zinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezisakazeke kakhulu emndenini wezinkawu ezinkulu iHominidae, futhi nazo ziyizinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezivame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile abantu baziwa ngokuhamba ngezinyawo ezimbili nangobuhlakani obukhulu. Ubuchopho obukhulu babantu namakhono okuqonda abazuzayo kuye kwabenza bakwazi ukuchuma ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi bathuthukisa imiphakathi ehlukahlukene nemiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi. Abantu bangabantu abanobungane kakhulu futhi bavame ukuhlala ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zenhlalo ezakhiwe ngamaqembu amaningi asebenzisanayo futhi ancintisanayo, kusukela emindenini nasezihlotsheni zobuhlobo kuya emazweni ezombusazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhumana kwabantu kuye kwakha izinhlobonhlobo zezindinganiso, izindinganiso zomphakathi, izilimi nemikhuba, ngayinye yazo eqinisa umphakathi wesintu. Isifiso sokuqonda nokuthonya izenzakalo siye sashukumisela isintu ukuba sithuthukise isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ifilosofi, izinganekwane, inkolo, nezinye izinhlaka zomqondo.  Nakuba ososayensi abathile befanisa igama elithi "abantu" nawo wonke amalungu ohlobo lwe-Homo, ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuHomo sapiens, okuwukuphela kwelungu elisaphila. Abantu banamuhla bavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 000 edlule e-Afrika, bevela ku-Homo heidelbergensis noma uhlobo olufanayo futhi bathuthela ngaphandle kwe-Afrika, kancane kancane bathatha indawo noma bahlangana nabantu bendawo yabantu bakudala. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yomlando, abantu babeyizingcweti zokuzingela eziyizihambi. Abantu baqala ukubonisa isimilo sesimanje eminyakeni engaba ngu-160,000<unk>60,000 edlule. I-Neolithic Revolution, eyaqala eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia eminyakeni engaba ngu-13 000 edlule (futhi ngokwahlukana kwezinye izindawo ezimbalwa), yabona ukuvela kwezolimo nokuhlala kwabantu unomphela. Njengoba inani labantu laliba likhulu futhi liba liningi, kwakheka izindlela zokubusa phakathi kwemiphakathi naphakathi kwayo, futhi impucuko eziningi ziye zaphakama futhi zawa. Abantu baye baqhubeka nokwanda, njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lizoba ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 ngo-2022.  Izakhi zofuzo nendawo ezungezile kuthonya ukuhlukahluka okungokwemvelo komuntu ezimfanelweni ezibonakalayo, ekwakhekeni komzimba, ekuthambekeleni ezifweni, emandleni engqondo, osayizi bomzimba, nasesikhathini sokuphila. Nakuba abantu behluka ngezici eziningi (njengokuthambekela kofuzo nezici ezingokomzimba), noma yibaphi abantu ababili bafana okungenani ngo-99% ngokwemvelo. Abantu banezinhlobo ezimbili zobulili: ngokuvamile, abesilisa banamandla amakhulu omzimba kanti abesifazane banamaphesenti aphezulu amafutha omzimba. Lapho abantu sebekhulile, baba nezimpawu zobulili zesibili. Izinsikazi ziyakwazi ukukhulelwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kokuthomba, lapho zineminyaka engaba ngu-12 ubudala, nokuya esikhathini, lapho zineminyaka engaba ngu-50.  Abantu bangabantu abadla konke, abakwazi ukudla izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane, futhi baye basebenzisa umlilo nezinye izinhlobo zokushisa ukuze balungise futhi bapheke ukudla kusukela ngesikhathi seHomo erectus. Abantu bangaphila amasonto angu - 8 ngaphandle kokudla nezinsuku ezintathu noma ezine ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile abantu baphila emini, belala amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye ngosuku ngokwesilinganiso. Ukubeletha kuyingozi, kunengozi enkulu yezinkinga nokufa. Ngokuvamile, bobabili umama nobaba banakekela izingane zabo, ezizalwa zingenakuzisiza.  Abantu banengqamuzana ye-prefrontal cortex enkulu, ethuthuke kakhulu, futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, isifunda sobuchopho esihlobene nokuqonda okuphakeme. Abantu bahlakaniphe kakhulu, banenkumbulo yesikhashana, banesimo sobuso esiguquguqukayo, baziqaphela bona, futhi banombono wengqondo. Ingqondo yomuntu iyakwazi ukuzihlolisisa, ukucabanga ngasese, ukucabanga, ukwenza intando, nokwakha imibono ngokuphila. Lokhu kuye kwavumela intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi ukuba kwenzeke ngokusebenzisa ukucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi nokudluliselwa kolwazi ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo. Ulimi, ubuciko, nokuhweba kuyizici ezichaza abantu. Imigwaqo yokuhwebelana emide kungenzeka yaholela ekuqhumeni kwamasiko nasekusakazweni kwemithombo enikeza abantu inzuzo kunezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo.
Isilwane esihlakaniphile Abantu banamuhla bavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 000 edlule e-Afrika, bevela ku-Homo heidelbergensis noma uhlobo olufanayo futhi bathuthela ngaphandle kwe-Afrika, kancane kancane bathatha indawo noma bahlangana nabantu bendawo yabantu bakudala. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yomlando, abantu babeyizingcweti zokuzingela eziyizihambi.