I-Federal Reserve ingakulawula kanjani ukwehla kwamandla emali?
I-Federal Reserve ine-"mandate ephindwe kabili" yokugcina amanani ezinzile nokugcina izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqashwa okusimeme. Ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali kuwela emkhakheni wokuzinza kwamanani. I-Fed inezinsiza ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufeza le nhloso. Okokuqala, bangashintsha i-Federal Funds Rate okuyinani lenzalo elisetshenziswa amabhange ekubolekeni phakathi kwamabhange futhi kuyisisekelo sezinga lenzalo ngokubanzi. Ukukhuphuka kwe-Federal Funds Rate, kuyokwenza amazinga enzalo akhuphuke emalimboleko, ezizindeni, kumakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu, njll. Izindleko eziphakeme zamazinga enzalo zibangela ukwehla kwamanani. Okwesibili, i-Fed ingakwazi ukubeka okulindelwe endleleni ye-Federal Funds Rate ngokusebenzisa izimemezelo ezivela ku-Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) kanye ne- "Fed Speak" evela kubabusi be-Fed ngabanye. Lezi zibuyekezo kanye nokuphawula kusekelwe ezibikezelweni ze-Fed zezomnotho kanye nemibono ngayinye yababusi be-Fed. Lokhu kulindela kungathonya ukulindela komphakathi ukwehla kwamandla emali futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela endleleni yokwehla kwamandla emali. Okokugcina, i-Fed inamathuluzi amaningi obuchwepheshe okuthonya izimakethe zezikweletu kanye namazinga enzalo kumabhondi kahulumeni. La mathuluzi ahlanganisa ukuthengwa/ukudayiswa kwezibambiso zikahulumeni wase-US noma ukuhlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso zezimakethe ezikhethiwe zemali. Lezi zenzo zingaqinisa/zikhulule lezimakethe zezikweletu futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithonye ngokungaqondile amanani entengo angempela. Ngokufingqa, zonke lezi zindlela ezintathu ezisetshenziswa iFed zidlala indima ethile kucebo lokulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali.