Khipha izimbangela zokungalingani kwemali engenayo e-United States okukhulunywe ngazo embhalweni. Zihlukanise ngekhoma.
Context:Ngokusho kweCBO (nabanye), izizathu eziqondile zokukhula okusheshayo [kwamuva] kwemali engenayo ephezulu aziqondwa kahle", kodwa kuhilela izici eziningi, okungenzeka ziphikisana.  Izimbangela zihlanganisa:  ukwehla kwezinyunyana zabasebenzi <unk> Izinyunyana eziye zaba buthakathaka ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nokuzenzekelayo zingase zibe yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye yokwanda kokungalingani phakathi kwamadoda. Ukucindezela abaqashi ukuba bakhuphule amaholo nezishaya-mthetho ukuba zenze izinyathelo ezilungele abasebenzi kwancipha. Imivuzo evela ekwandeni komkhiqizo yaya kubaphathi, abatshalizimali nabakweletwayo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa uKristal noCohen lwabika ukuthi ukungalingani kwemiholo okwandayo kwakushukunyiswa kakhulu ukuwohloka kwezinyunyana nokwehla kwenani langempela lomholo ophansi, okunomthelela ophindwe kabili kunobuchwepheshe. Enye inkolelo - mbono ithi umnikelo wemali engenayo engenayo ubhekwa ngokungalungile enhlokodolobha kunasemsebenzini. ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke <unk> Abasebenzi baseMelika abanamakhono aphansi balahlekelwa indawo lapho bebhekene nokuncintisana nabasebenzi abanemiholo ephansi e-Asia nakwamanye umnotho "osafufusa". Ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuhambisana namakhono <unk> Intuthuko esheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi yandisa isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono nabafundile. <unk> Ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana besimanje ngokuvamile benza umncintiswano ube umncintiswano "winner take most" lapho onqobayo eklonyeliswa ngokucebile, kuyilapho owela endaweni yesibili ethola okuncane kakhulu. <unk> Eminyakeni yawo-1990 imali yemakethe yamasheya yenyuka isuka ku-55% yaya ku-155% womkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP). Izinkampani zaqala ukuguqula inkokhelo yabaphathi zaba izinketho zamasheya, zandisa izikhuthazo kubaphathi zokwenza izinqumo zokwenyusa amanani amasheya. Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sezinketho ze-CEO sakhuphuka sisuka ku-$500,000 saya ngaphezu kuka-$3 million. Amasheya akha cishe u-50% womholo we-CEO. Abaphathi bakhuthazwa ukuba bandise ingcebo yabaninimasheya kunokuba bathuthukise izinkontileka zesikhathi eside nabasebenzi; phakathi kuka-2000 no-2007, cishe u-75% wokukhula kwamasheya okwandisiwe kwafika ngezindleko zemiholo yabasebenzi kanye namaholo. ukufuduka kwabasebenzi abanemfundo ephansi <unk> Amazinga aphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa okufuduka kwabasebenzi abanamakhono aphansi kusukela ngo-1965 kungenzeka ukuthi anciphise amaholo kubantu abazalwa eMelika abalahla isikole; I-premium yasekolishi - Abasebenzi abaneziqu zasekolishi ngokwesiko babehola imali eningi futhi babhekene nezinga eliphansi lokungasebenzi kunabanye. Imikhaya ecebile nayo ithambekele ekuthumeleni izingane zayo ezikoleni ezinemali eningi, okuholela ezifundweni eziningi nasezikweletini ezincane zabafundi. Lo mjikelezo uyaqedwa lapho izifundiswa ezicebile zinikela kakhulu futhi zandisa kakhulu inani lezinzuzo zezikhulu eziphakeme. Amakolishi aphambili nawo anokufinyelela okungcono kochwepheshe bezezimali. ukuzenzakalela - I - Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) yathola ukuthi ukuzenzakalela okwandayo kuye kwaholela "ekunciphiseni okuphelele kwesidingo sokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi. Lokhu kwakuyokwenza ukuba isabelo semali sikhuphuke, uma siqhathaniswa nesabelo sabasebenzi, njengoba imishini ithatha indawo yabanye abasebenzi". Asikafinyeleli esimweni esiphansi esifunwa ama-libertarian. Lokho esikuzuzile kuwukuba nombuso onqunyelwe kakhulu ukuhlinzeka izimpahla zomphakathi - ukutshala izimali ezakhiweni, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezemfundo - okwakuyokwenza umnotho ube namandla futhi obuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba uhlanganyele ekwabelaneni kabusha okudingekayo ukuze kwakheke umphakathi onobulungisa. Kodwa sinombuso omkhulu ngokwanele futhi osontekile ngokwanele ukuba unganikeza izipho ezicebile.  <unk> UJoseph Stiglitz <unk> UKrugman wagomela ukuthi abashisekeli benhlangano yokulondoloza ezenkolo bakhulisa ithonya labo phezu kweqembu leRepublican Party kusukela ngawo-1970. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yanda amandla ayo ezombangazwe. Umphumela waba imithetho yentela engathuthuki kangako, izinqubomgomo eziphikisana nabasebenzi, kanye nokwandiswa okuhamba kancane kombuso wenhlalakahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izizwe ezithuthukile (isib., ukungabikho okuyingqayizivele kokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kokungalingani kwemali engenayo emazweni athuthukile kubonisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zinethonya elikhulu ekungalingani; iJapane, iSweden neFrance zinokungalingani kwemali engenayo cishe emazingeni e-1960. I-US yaba umlandeli wokuqala wenqubo ye-neoliberalism, egxile ekukhuleni kunokulingana okwasakazekela kwamanye amazwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugxila ngokweqile ezithakazelweni zezinkampani kunciphise ukuhlolwa kokushintshwa komholo. ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane emandleni okusebenza <unk> Imindeni ethola imali eningi cishe iyimindeni ethola imali kabili. ubunikazi bamasheya buthambekele emakhaya anengeniso ephakeme kanye namazinga emfundo, okuholela emalini engenayo yokutshalwa kwezimali engafani. Imikhaya engenayo imali eningi cishe iyochuma lapho izimo zomnotho zinhle, futhi ihlupheke kakhulu lapho isimo somnotho sisibi. Iningi lemali engenayo livela emalini engenayo engazinzile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2011, amaphesenti angu-1 abantu abahola imali eningi athola amaphesenti angu-37 emali abayithola emsebenzini, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-62 abantu abahola imali eningi. Abangu-1% abaphezulu bathola u-58% wemali yabo evela enhlokodolobha uma kuqhathaniswa no-4% we-quintile ephakathi. Ukudluliselwa kukahulumeni kwakumelela u-1% kuphela wemali engenayo ye-1% ephezulu kodwa u-25% we-quintile ephakathi; amanani e-dollar alezi zidluliselo avame ukukhuphuka ekudleni.  Ngokombiko ka-2018 we-Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), i-US inokungalingani kwemali engenayo ephakeme kanye namaphesenti amakhulu abasebenzi abahola kancane kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe elithuthukile ngoba abasebenzi abangasebenzi nabasengozini bathola ukwesekwa okuncane kuhulumeni kanye nohlelo olubuthakathaka lokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela.
Lo mbhalo ubala lokhu okulandelayo njengezimbangela zokungalingani kwemali engenayo e-United States: ukwehla kwezinyunyana zabasebenzi, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ushintsho lobuchwepheshe olususelwa emakhono, izinkanyezi ezinkulu, imali, ukufuduka kwabasebenzi abanemfundo ephansi, i-premium yasekolishi, ukuzenzekelayo, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, izinkampani kanye ne-corporatocracy, ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi besifazane, kanye nobunikazi besitoko obungalingani emakhaya anemali engenayo ephakeme kanye namazinga emfundo.