kuyini ubuStoiki
Context:UbuStoyiku buyisikole sefilosofi yamaGreki esasungulwa uZeno waseCitium e-Athene ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesithathu B.C.E. Yifilosofi yokuziphatha okuhle komuntu siqu eqondiswa uhlelo lwayo lokucabanga kanye nemibono yayo ngomhlaba wemvelo, eqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzijwayeza ubuhle kuyadingeka futhi kwanele ukufeza i-eudaimonia (injabulo, ngokuqondile. 'umoya omuhle'): umuntu uyachuma ngokuphila impilo yokuziphatha okuhle. AmaStoyiku ayebheka indlela eya eudaimonia njengokuphila ukuphila kokuziphatha okuhle nokuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo.  Ngaphandle kokuziphatha kuka-Aristotle, isiko lamaStoyiku lakha enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuqala zokuziphatha okuhle. AmaStoyiku aziwa ngokukhethekile ngokufundisa ukuthi "ubuhle buwukuphela kokuhle" kubantu, nokuthi izinto zangaphandle, ezinjengempilo, ingcebo, nenjabulo, azizinhle noma zimbi ngokwazo (i-adiaphora) kodwa zinenani "njengempahla yokuziphatha okuhle". AmaStoyiku amaningi - anjengoSeneca no-Epictetus - agcizelela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi "ubuhle buwanele ukuze umuntu ajabule", umuntu ohlakaniphile wayeyoba namandla ngokomzwelo okubhekana nosizi. AmaStoyiku nawo ayekholelwa ukuthi imizwelo ethile eyonakalisayo yayibangelwa amaphutha okwahlulela, futhi ayekholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele balwele ukulondoloza intando (ebizwa ngokuthi i-prohairesis) "ehambisana nemvelo". Ngenxa yalokhu, amaStoyiku ayecabanga ukuthi inkomba engcono kakhulu yefilosofi yomuntu kwakungekhona lokho akushoyo kodwa indlela aziphatha ngayo. Ukuze umuntu aphile ukuphila okuhle, kwakudingeka aqonde imithetho yokuhleleka kwemvelo ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi konke kwakusekelwe emvelweni.  UbuStoyiku bachuma kulo lonke izwe lamaRoma nelamaGreki kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesithathu C.E., futhi phakathi kwabalandeli babo kwakunoMbusi uMarcus Aurelius. Yaqala ukuwohloka ngemva kokuba ubuKristu bube yinkolo yombuso ngekhulu lesine C.E. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwaba nokuvuselelwa, ikakhulukazi ngeNkathi Yokuvuselela (i-Neostoicism) nangenkathi yesimanje (i-Stoicism yanamuhla).
UbuStoyiku buyisikole sefilosofi yamaGreki esasungulwa uZeno waseCitium e-Athene ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesithathu B.C.E. Yifilosofi yokuziphatha okuhle komuntu siqu eqondiswa uhlelo lwayo lokucabanga kanye nemibono yayo ngomhlaba wemvelo, eqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzijwayeza ubuhle kuyadingeka futhi kwanele ukufeza i-eudaimonia (injabulo, ngokuqondile. 'umoya omuhle'): umuntu uyachuma ngokuphila impilo yokuziphatha okuhle. AmaStoyiku ayebheka indlela eya eudaimonia njengokuphila ukuphila kokuziphatha okuhle nokuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo.  Ngaphandle kokuziphatha kuka-Aristotle, isiko lamaStoyiku lakha enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuqala zokuziphatha okuhle. AmaStoyiku aziwa ngokukhethekile ngokufundisa ukuthi "ubuhle buwukuphela kokuhle" kubantu, nokuthi izinto zangaphandle, ezinjengempilo, ingcebo, nenjabulo, azizinhle noma zimbi ngokwazo (i-adiaphora) kodwa zinenani "njengempahla yokuziphatha okuhle". AmaStoyiku amaningi - anjengoSeneca no-Epictetus - agcizelela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi "ubuhle buwanele ukuze umuntu ajabule", umuntu ohlakaniphile wayeyoba namandla ngokomzwelo okubhekana nosizi. AmaStoyiku nawo ayekholelwa ukuthi imizwelo ethile eyonakalisayo yayibangelwa amaphutha okwahlulela, futhi ayekholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele balwele ukulondoloza intando (ebizwa ngokuthi i-prohairesis) "ehambisana nemvelo". Ngenxa yalokhu, amaStoyiku ayecabanga ukuthi inkomba engcono kakhulu yefilosofi yomuntu kwakungekhona lokho akushoyo kodwa indlela aziphatha ngayo. Ukuze umuntu aphile ukuphila okuhle, kwakudingeka aqonde imithetho yokuhleleka kwemvelo ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi konke kwakusekelwe emvelweni.  UbuStoyiku bachuma kulo lonke izwe lamaRoma nelamaGreki kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesithathu C.E., futhi phakathi kwabalandeli babo kwakunoMbusi uMarcus Aurelius. Yaqala ukuwohloka ngemva kokuba ubuKristu bube yinkolo yombuso ngekhulu lesine C.E. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwaba nokuvuselelwa, ikakhulukazi ngeNkathi Yokuvuselela (i-Neostoicism) nangenkathi yesimanje (i-Stoicism yanamuhla).