Chii chinonzi mitochondrion?
Mitochondrion inonzi organelle inowanikwa mumasero ema eukaryotes akawanda, akadai semhuka, zvinomera uye fungi. Mitochondria ine chimiro che membrane yakapetwa kaviri uye inoshandisa kufema kweaerobic kugadzira adenosine triphosphate (ATP), iyo inoshandiswa mukati mese sero sosi yesimba remakemikari. Akawanwa naAlbert von Kölliker muna 1857 mumhasuru dzokuzvidira dzezvipembenene. Izwi rokuti mitochondrion rakagadzirwa naCarl Benda muna 1898. Mitochondrion inowanzonzi "nzvimbo ine simba yesero", kutaura kwakaitwa naPhilip Siekevitz munyaya ya1957 ine zita rimwe chetero.  Mamwe masero mune zvimwe zvipenyu zvine masero akawanda haana mitochondria (somuenzaniso, masero matsvuku eropa emhuka dzinoyamwisa akakura). Nhamba huru yezvisikwa zvine unisero, zvakadai semicrosporidia, parabasalids uye diplomonads, yakaderedza kana kushandura mitochondria yavo kuva zvimwe zvivako. Imwe eukaryote, Monocercomonoides, inozivikanwa kuva yakarasikirwa chose chose nemitochondria yayo, uye imwe mhuka ine masero akawanda, Henneguya salminicola, inozivikanwa kuva yakachengeta mitochondrion-inobatanidza organelles mukubatana nekurasikirwa kwakakwana kweiyo mitochondrial genome.  Mitochondria inowanzosvika pakati pe0.75 ne3 μm2 muchipfuva, asi inosiyana zvikuru muhukuru uye chimiro. Kunze kwokunge zvanyatsosvibiswa, hazvioneki. Kuwedzera pakupa simba remasero, mitochondria inobatanidzwawo mune mamwe mabasa, akadai sokuratidza chiratidzo, kusiyanisa masero, uye kufa kwemasero, pamwe nokuchengeta kudzora kwedenderedzwa remasero uye kukura kwemasero. Mitochondrial biogenesis inobva yaenderana nenguva nemashandiro anoita masero aya. Mitochondria yakabatanidzwa muzvirwere zvinoverengeka zvevanhu nemamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sezvirwere zvemitochondrial, kusagadzikana kwemoyo, kukundikana kwemoyo uye autism.  Nhamba yemitochondria iri musero inogona kusiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemuviri, tishu, uye rudzi rwesero. Sero dzvuku rakura harina mitochondria, nepo sero rechiropa ringava nemitochondria inopfuura 2000. Mitochondrion inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvikamu izvi kana kuti nharaunda dzinosanganisira membrane yokunze, nzvimbo iri pakati pemembrane, membrane yomukati, cristae, uye matrix.  Kunyange zvazvo yakawanda yeDNA yesero re eukaryotic iri mu nucleus yesero, mitochondrion ine genome yayo ("mitogenome") iyo yakafanana zvikuru nema genome emabhakitiriya. Kuwana uku kwakatungamirira kukugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwe endosymbiotic hypothesis - kuti madzitateguru eprokaryotic akasununguka-anorarama emitochondria yemazuva ano akabatanidzwa zvachose nemasero eukaryotic munguva yakapfuura yapfuura, achishanduka nenzira iyo mhuka dzemazuva ano, zvirimwa, fungi, uye mamwe eukaryotes anokwanisa kufema kuti aite simba remasero.