Chii chinonzi linux Bootloader
Context:Bootloader, inonziwo boot loader kana inonzi boot manager uye bootstrap loader, ipurogiramu yekombiyuta inoona nezvekuvhura komputa.  Apo kombiyuta inodzima, purogiramu yayo inosanganisira masisitimu anoshanda, kodhi yepurogiramu, uye mashoko <unk> anoramba akachengetwa mundangariro isingachinji. Kombiyuta painenge yakavhurwa, inowanzova isina purogiramu yokushandisa kana kuti mudziyo wayo wokuisa zvinhu muRandom-access memory (RAM). Kombiyuta yacho inotanga yaita chirongwa chiduku chakachengetwa mu read-only memory (ROM, uye gare gare EEPROM, NOR flash) pamwe nemamwe mashoko anodiwa, kuti atange RAM (kunyanya pa x86 systems), kuti awane chishandiso chisina kusimba (kazhinji block device, eg NAND flash) kana zvishandiso kubva kune iyo mapurogiramu ehurongwa hwekushandisa uye data inogona kuiswa mu RAM.  Mamwe makombiyuta ekare, paanogamuchira chiratidzo chokutanga kubva kumunhu anoshanda kana kuti mudziyo wokunze, anogona kutakura nhamba duku zvikuru yemirayiridzo yakasimbiswa mundangariro panzvimbo yakatarwa, kutanga CPU imwe chete, uye ipapo kunongedzera CPU kumirayiridzo uye kutanga kuuraya kwavo. Mirayiridzo iyi inowanzotanga chiito chekupinda kubva kune chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa (chinogona kusarudzwa nemushandisi). Mamwe masisitimu anogona kutumira mirairo yehardware zvakananga kumidziyo yekunze kana maI / O controller anokonzeresa basa rakareruka kwazvo rekuisa (senge "verenga chikamu zero chechigadzirwa chehurongwa mundangariro kutanga panzvimbo 1000") kuti iitwe, ichinyatso kurodha nhamba diki yemirairo ye boot loader mundangariro; chiratidzo chekupedzisa kubva kuchinhu cheI / O chinogona kushandiswa kutanga kuitiswa kwemirairo neCPU.  Makombiyuta maduku anowanzoshandisa nzira dzisingachinjiki asi dzinongoerekana dzichiita kuti kombiyuta itange nokukurumidza uye nesoftware yakatarwa kare. Mune akawanda desktop makomputa, semuenzaniso, iyo bootstrapping maitiro anotanga neCPU ichiita software iri muROM (semuenzaniso, iyo BIOS yeIBM PC kana IBM PC inoenderana) pane yakatemerwa kero (mamwe maCPU, kusanganisira Intel x86 akateedzana akagadzirirwa kuita iyi software mushure mekudzoreredza pasina rubatsiro rwekunze). Iyi software ine rudimentary functionality yekutsvaga zvishandiso zvinokodzera kutora chikamu mukuvhura, uye kurodha chirongwa chidiki kubva kuchikamu chakakosha (kazhinji chikamu chekuvhura) chechigadzirwa chinovimbisa, kazhinji chinotanga pane yakatarwa yekupinda poindi senge kutanga kwechikamu.
Bootloader chirongwa chakanyorwa mumashini kodhi chinorodha iyo inoshanda sisitimu mu RAM panguva yekuvhura.