Kubva mundima iyi ndiudzei chikonzero nei Panama Canal ichinzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinomwe zvinoshamisa zvenyika yazvino uno
Context:Kanzuru yePanama inzira yemvura ine urefu hwemakiromita 82 muPanama inobatanidza Atlantic Ocean nePacific Ocean uye inoparadzanisa North neSouth America. Mugero wacho unoyambuka Isthmus yePanama uye unotakura zvinhu zvokutengeserana nomugungwa. Rimwe remapurojekiti makuru uye akaoma zvikurusa ounyanzvi akambotangwa, nzira pfupi yePanama Canal inoderedza zvikuru nguva yokuti ngarava dzifambe pakati peAtlantic nePacific oceans, dzichidzibvumira kudzivisa nzira refu, ine ngozi yeCape Horn yakapoteredza mugumo wokumaodzanyemba kweSouth America kupfurikidza neDrake Passage kana kuti Strait of Magellan.  Colombia, France, uye gare gare United States dzakatonga nharaunda yakapoteredza mugero wacho mukati mokuvakwa kwawo. France yakatanga basa pamugero muna 1881, asi yakamira nemhaka yokushaikwa kwechivimbo chevatengesi nemhaka yezvinetso zveinjiniya uye mwero wakakwirira wokufa kwevashandi. United States yakatora basa racho musi waMay 4, 1904, uye yakavhura mugero wacho musi waAugust 15, 1914. United States yakaramba ichidzora mugero uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza Panama Canal Zone kusvikira muna 1977 Torrijos-Carter Zvibvumirano zvakapa kuti zvipiwe kuPanama. Pashure penguva yokudzora kwakabatana kweAmerica nePanama, mugero wacho wakatorwa nehurumende yePanama muna 1999. Iye zvino iri kutarisirwa uye inoshandiswa nehurumende yePanama Canal Authority.  Zvivhariso zviri kumugumo mumwe nomumwe weCanal zvinosimudza ngarava kusvika kuGatun Lake, dziva rokuita zvokugadzirwa riri mamita 26 (85 ft) pamusoro pegungwa, rakagadzirwa kuderedza uwandu hwebasa rokuchera rinodikanwa nokuda kwomugero, uye ipapo kudzikisa ngarava kune rumwe rutivi. Zvivhariso zvepakutanga zvine upamhi hwemamita 33,5. Nzira yechitatu, yakafara yezvipfigiso yakavakwa pakati paSeptember 2007 naMay 2016. Nzira yemvura yakawedzerwa yakatanga kushandiswa mune zvokutengeserana musi waJune 26, 2016. Zvidziviriro zvitsva zvinobvumira kupfuura kwezvikepe zvikuru, New Panamax.  Kufamba nengarava pagore kwakawedzera kubva pavanhu vanenge 1 000 muna 1914, pakavhurwa mugero wacho, kusvika pavanhu 14 702 muna 2008, zvichireva kuti ngarava dzacho dzinosvika matani 333,7 miriyoni. Muna 2012, ngarava dzinopfuura 815 000 dzakanga dzapfuura nomumugwagwa uyu. Muna 2017 zvakatora ngarava avhareji yemaawa 11,38 kuti dzipfuure pakati pemitsetse miviri yomumugero. Sangano reAmerican Society of Civil Engineers rakaisa mugero wePanama pakati pezvinhu zvinomwe zvinoshamisa munyika mazuva ano.
American Society of Civil Engineers yakaronga Panama Canal seimwe yezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika yazvino uno kwete bedzi nemhaka yokuti yakanga iri imwe yemapurojekiti ounyanzvi makuru zvikurusa uye akaoma zvikurusa akambotangwa, asiwo nemhaka yezvinoitika zvayo zvinokosha pakutengeserana kwezvomugungwa mhiri kweAtlantic nePacific oceans pedyo neAmerica. Inzira ipfupi inoderedza zvikuru nguva yokuti ngarava dzifambe pakati peAtlantic nePacific oceans, dzichidzibvumira kudzivisa nzira refu, ine ngozi yeCape Horn yakapoteredza mugumo wokumaodzanyemba kweSouth America kupfurikidza neDrake Passage kana kuti Strait of Magellan.