Tichifunga nezvebhuku rino rinotaura nezvenhoroondo yezvokuverenga, ndiani aiva munyori wokutanga kunyora nezvezvokuverenga?
Context:Kurukurirano dzapamutemo pamusoro pokufungidzira dzinodzokera shure kuvaArabic masvomhu navanyori vezvinyorwa, mukati meIslam Golden Age pakati pezana ramakore rechi8 nerechi13. Al-Khalil (717<unk>786) akanyora Bhuku reCryptographic Messages, iro rine imwe yekushandisa kwekutanga kwekugadziriswa uye kusanganiswa, kunyora mazwi ose echiArabic anobvira ane uye asina mavhawero. Al-Kindi's Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages yakapa rondedzero yakadzama yekuti ungashandisa sei kuongororwa kwemafrequency kuti unzwisise mameseji akavharidzirwa, ichipa muenzaniso wekutanga wekufungidzira kwehuwandu hwekuverenga. Ibn Adlan (1187<unk>1268) gare gare akaita mupiro unokosha pakushandiswa kwehukuru hwemuenzaniso mukuongorora mafambiro.  Kunyora kwokutanga kunobatanidza nhamba muEurope kunodzokera kuna 1663, nokubudiswa kweNatural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality naJohn Graunt. Kushandiswa kwokutanga kwokufunga kwokuverenga kwakapoteredza zvinodikanwa zvenyika zvokuvakira mutemo pahuwandu hwevanhu uye mashoko ezveupfumi, nokudaro stat- etymology yayo. Nharaunda yechirango chezviverengero yakawedzerwa mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kubatanidza kuunganidzwa nokuongororwa kwemashoko kazhinji. Nhasi, nhamba dzinoshandiswa zvikuru muhurumende, bhizimisi, uye sayenzi dzomusikirwo nedzomagariro evanhu.
Bhuku rokutanga rine nhamba rinonzi Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills or Mortality rakanyorwa naJohn Graunt.