Nikeza isifinyezo esinamakhasi ezinhlobo ezahlukene zentela e-USA.
Context:I - United States of America ineziphathimandla ezihlukene zombuso, zombuso, nezasekhaya ezinentela ebekwa ezingeni ngalinye lalezi. Intela ikhokhiswa emalini engenayo, emholweni, empahleni, ekuthengisweni, enzuzweni yempahla, ezinzuzweni, ezikhokhweni zokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, emithonjeni yefa nasezipho, kanye nasezindlekweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngo-2020, izintela eziqoqwe nguhulumeni wesifundazwe, wombuso kanye nowasekhaya zaba ngu-25.5% we-GDP, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso se-OECD esingu-33.5% we-GDP. I-United States yayinesilinganiso sesikhombisa esiphansi kakhulu semali yentela ku-GDP phakathi kwamazwe e-OECD ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kuneMexico, iColombia, iChile, i-Ireland, iCosta Rica neTurkey.  Intela ikhokhiswa kakhulu emalini engenayo evela emsebenzini kunasemalini engenayo evela enhlanganweni. Izintela ezihlukene kanye nezinkokhelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemali engenayo kanye nezindleko nazo zingakha uhlobo lwentela engaqondile yemisebenzi ethile ngaphezu kweminye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali komuntu ngamunye emfundweni ephakeme kungashiwo ukuthi "kubekwa intela" ngezinga eliphakeme, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwemali komuntu siqu okubhekwa ngokusemthethweni njengokutshalwa kwezimali.  Izintela zibekwa emalini engenayo yabantu ngabanye kanye nezinkampani nguhulumeni wesifundazwe, iningi lezwe, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya abathile. Izakhamuzi nezakhamuzi zikhokhiswa intela ngemali engenayo emhlabeni wonke futhi zivunyelwe isikweletu sentela yakwamanye amazwe. Imali engenayo engaphansi kwentela inqunywa ngokwemithetho yokubalwa kwentela, hhayi izimiso zokubalwa kwezimali, futhi ihlanganisa cishe yonke imali engenayo evela kunoma yimuphi umthombo. Iningi lezindleko zebhizinisi linciphisa imali engenayo engaphansi kwentela, nakuba kunemikhawulo ezindlekweni ezimbalwa. Abantu ngabanye bavunyelwe ukunciphisa imali engenayo engaphansi kwentela ngezibonelelo zomuntu siqu nangezindleko ezithile ezingezona ezomsebenzi, kuhlanganise nenzalo yemalimboleko yendlu, izintela zombuso nezasendaweni, iminikelo yokusiza umphakathi, nezindleko zokwelashwa nezinye izindleko ezithile ezikhokhwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti athile omholo. Imithetho yesifundazwe yokunquma imali engenayo engaphansi kwentela ngokuvamile iyahluka emithethweni kahulumeni. Amanani entela asezingeni eliphansi ahlukahluka kusuka ku-10% kuya ku-37% wemali engenayo ekhokhiswayo. Izinga lentela likahulumeni nelasendaweni liyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwamazwe, lisukela ku-0% kuya ku-13.30% wemali engenayo, futhi eziningi ziyalinganiswa. Intela yombuso ngokuvamile iphathwa njengendleko ekhishwayo ekubalweni kwentela yombuso, yize umthetho wentela ka-2017 wabeka umkhawulo ka- $ 10,000 ekunciphiseni kwentela yombuso neyendawo ("SALT"), okwandisa isilinganiso sentela esisebenzayo kubantu abahola imali ephakathi nendawo nabahola kakhulu ezifundazweni ezinentela ephezulu. Ngaphambi komkhawulo wokukhishwa kwe-SALT, ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kweqe u- $ 10,000 engxenyeni enkulu yeMidwest, futhi kweqe u- $ 11,000 engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, kanye naseCalifornia nase-Oregon. Izifundazwe ezithinteke kakhulu ngumkhawulo kwakuyisifunda sezwe ezintathu (i-NY, i-NJ, ne-CT) neCalifornia; isilinganiso sokuncishiswa kwe-SALT kulezi zifundazwe sasingaphezu kuka- $ 17,000 ngo-2014.  I - United States ingelinye lamazwe amabili emhlabeni akhokhisa izakhamuzi ezingebona abahlali bawo intela emalini engenayo emhlabeni wonke, ngendlela efanayo nangamanani afana nalawo abahlali; elinye i - Eritrea. INkantolo Ephakeme yase - United States yagomela ukuba semthethweni kokubekwa kwentela enjalo ecaleni lika - Cook v. Tait. Noma kunjalo, ukukhishwa kwemali engenayo evela kwamanye amazwe kuqeda izintela zase-U.S. kuma-$108,700 okuqala emalini engenayo yonyaka evela kwamanye amazwe etholwa izakhamuzi zase-U.S. ezihlala futhi zisebenza phesheya.  Izintela zemiholo zibekwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe nohulumeni ngamunye. Lezi zihlanganisa izintela ze-Social Security ne-Medicare ezikhokhelwa abaqashi nabasebenzi, ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe esingu-15.3% (13.3% ngo-2011 nango-2012). Intela Yezokuphepha Komphakathi isebenza kuphela emholweni wokuqala ongu-$132,900 ngo-2019. Kukhona intela eyengeziwe ye-Medicare engu-0.9% emiholweni engaphezu kuka-$200,000. Abaqashi kumelwe baqoqe intela yemali engenayo emholweni. Abaqashi bakhokhiswa intela yokungasebenzi kanye nezinye izimali. Izintela zemiholo ziye zanda kakhulu njengengxenye yemali engenayo kahulumeni kusukela ngawo-1950, kuyilapho izintela zengeniso yezinkampani ziye zehla njengengxenye yemali engenayo. (Inzuzo yezinkampani ayizange yehle njengengxenye ye-GDP).  Iningi lohulumeni basekhaya kanye neziphathimandla eziningi ezinomsebenzi okhethekile zibeka intela yempahla ngokusekelwe enanini elifanele lemakethe lempahla. Isikole nezinye iziphathimandla ngokuvamile zilawulwa ngokwehlukana, futhi zibeka izintela ezihlukile. Intela yempahla ngokuvamile ikhokhiswa kuphela emalini ethengiswayo, nakuba ezinye iziphathimandla zikhokhisa ezinye izinhlobo zempahla yebhizinisi. Imithetho nentela yempahla iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngamanani aphakathi nonyaka asukela ku-0.2% kuya ku-1.9% wenani lempahla kuye ngokuthi isimo sinjani.  Iningi lamazwe nezinye izindawo zibeka intela yokuthengisa ngentengo yokuthengiswa kwezimpahla eziningi nezinye izinsizakalo. Amanani entela yokuthengisa ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo, kusuka ku-0% kuya ku-16%, futhi angahluka ngaphakathi kwendawo engaphansi kwesisekelo sempahla ethile noma izinsizakalo ezikhokhiswa intela. Intela yokuthengisa iqoqwa ngumthengisi ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, noma idluliselwe njengentela yokusetshenziswa ngabathengi bezinto ezikhokhiswayo abangazange bakhokhe intela yokuthengisa.  I-United States ibeka izintela noma izintela zamasiko ekungenisweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla ezivela ezindaweni eziningi. Lezi zintela noma izintela kumelwe zikhokhwe ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zingangeniswa ngokusemthethweni. Amanani entengo ayahlukahluka kusuka ku-0% kuya ngaphezulu kuka-20%, ngokuya ngempahla ethile nezwe lemvelaphi.  Intela yefa neyesipho ibekwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe nezinye izifundazwe lapho kudluliselwa ifa lempahla, ngentando, noma ngomnikelo wokuphila konke. Ngokufana nentela yemali engenayo yenhlangano, intela yefa kanye nezipho yenhlangano ifakwa empahleni yomhlaba wonke yezakhamizi nabahlali futhi ivumela isikweletu sentela yakwamanye amazwe.
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezahlukene zentela e-USA: - Intela yemali engenayo: Intela yemali engenayo evela kunoma imuphi umthombo - Intela yemiholo: Intela yezokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle ne-Medicare ebekwa kokubili kubaqashi nabasebenzi - Intela yempahla: Intela ebekwa enanini lempahla - Intela Yokuthengisa: Intela ebekwa entengweni yokuthengiswa kwezimpahla nezinsiza