Iyini i - phenotype?
Ku-genetics kanye ne-genomics, i-phenotype iqoqo lezici ezibonakalayo noma izimfanelo zomzimba. Leli gama lihlanganisa i-morphology (ifomu lomzimba nesakhiwo), izinqubo zokuthuthuka kwayo, izakhiwo zayo ze-biochemical ne-physiological, ukuziphatha kwayo, nemikhiqizo yokuziphatha. I-pheno-type yesidalwa ivela ezintweni ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ukubonakaliswa kwekhodi yofuzo yesidalwa (i-genotype yaso) kanye nethonya lezinto ezisizungezile. Zombili lezi zinto zingase zihlangane, zithonye ngokwengeziwe i-phenotype. Lapho kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihluke ngokucacile emphakathini ofanayo wohlobo oluthile, lolo hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yi-polymorphic. Isibonelo esibhalwe kahle se-polymorphism umbala weLabrador Retriever; ngenkathi umbala wengubo uncike kumagciwane amaningi, ubonakala ngokucacile emvelweni njengombala ophuzi, omnyama, kanye nosundu. URichard Dawkins ngo-1978 waphinde futhi ngo-1982 encwadini yakhe ethi The Extended Phenotype wasikisela ukuthi umuntu angabheka izidleke zezinyoni nezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwe njengezimo zezibungu ze-caddisfly namadamu e-beaver ngokuthi "ama-phenotypes anwetshiwe".  UWilhelm Johannsen wasikisela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-genotype<unk>phenotype ngo-1911 ukuze kucace umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezizuzwa njengefa zomzimba nalokho okwenziwa yilezo zinto ezizuzwa njengefa. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kufana nalokho okwashiwo u-August Weismann (1834<unk>1914), owahlukanisa phakathi kwe-germ plasma (ifa) namaseli omzimba (umzimba). Muva nje, encwadini ethi The Selfish Gene (1976), uDawkins uye wahlukanisa le mibono ngokuthi i-replicator ne-vehicle.  Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-genotype <unk> phenotype akufanele kudidaniswe ne-central dogma kaFrancis Crick ye-biology yamangqamuzana, isitatimende mayelana nokuqondiswa kolwazi lwe-molecular sequential oluvela ku-DNA luye ku-protein, hhayi okuphambene nalokho.