Ndiani Ruth Bader Ginsburg?
Context:Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; 15 Kurume 1933 <unk> 18 Gunyana 2020) aive gweta reAmerica uye gweta remitemo akashanda semubatsiri weMutongi Mukuru weUnited States kubva muna 1993 kusvika parufu rwake muna 2020. Akasarudzwa naPurezidhendi Bill Clinton kuti atsive mutongi akarega basa Byron White, uye panguva iyoyo aiwanzoonekwa semunhu ane mwero anovaka chibvumirano. Iye pakupedzisira akava rutivi rworutivi rworusununguko rweDare sezvo Dare rakachinjira kurudyi nekufamba kwenguva. Ginsburg akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga wechiJudha uye mukadzi wechipiri kushumira paDare, pashure paSandra Day O'Connor. Munguva yake, Ginsburg akanyora maonero akawanda, kusanganisira United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Shamwari dzePasi, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), uye Guta reSherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation yeNew York (2005).
Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; 15 Kurume 1933 <unk> 18 Gunyana 2020) aive gweta reAmerica uye gweta remitemo akashanda semubatsiri weMutongi Mukuru weUnited States kubva muna 1993 kusvika parufu rwake muna 2020. Akasarudzwa naPurezidhendi Bill Clinton kuti atsive mutongi akarega basa Byron White, uye panguva iyoyo aiwanzoonekwa semunhu ane mwero anovaka chibvumirano. Iye pakupedzisira akava rutivi rworutivi rworusununguko rweDare sezvo Dare rakachinjira kurudyi nekufamba kwenguva. Ginsburg akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga wechiJudha uye mukadzi wechipiri kushumira paDare, pashure paSandra Day O'Connor. Munguva yake, Ginsburg akanyora maonero akawanda, kusanganisira United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Shamwari dzePasi, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), uye Guta reSherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation yeNew York (2005).  Ginsburg akaberekwa uye akakurira muBrooklyn, New York. Hanzvadzi yake yakakura yakafa paakanga ari mucheche, uye amai vake vakafa nguva pfupi Ginsburg asati apedza chikoro chesekondari. Akawana dhigirii rake reBachelor kuCornell University uye akaroora Martin D. Ginsburg, achiva amai vasati vatanga chikoro chemutemo kuHarvard, kwaaive mumwe wevakadzi vashoma mukirasi yake. Ginsburg akachinjirwa kuColumbia Law School, uko akapedza kudzidza pamwe chete ari wekutanga mukirasi yake. Mukutanga kwema1960, akashanda neColumbia Law School Project paInternational Procedure, akadzidza chiSweden, uye akanyora bhuku nemugweta wechiSweden Anders Bruzelius; basa rake muSweden rakakanganisa kufunga kwake pamusoro pekuenzana kwevakadzi. Akazova purofesa paRutgers Law School uye Columbia Law School, achidzidzisa maitiro ehurumende semumwe wevakadzi vashomanana mumunda wake.  Ginsburg akapedza nguva yakawanda yebasa rake repamutemo achitsigira kuenzana kwevakadzi nevarume uye kodzero dzevakadzi, achikunda nharo dzakawanda pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro. Akatsigira semugweta anozvipira weAmerican Civil Liberties Union uye aive nhengo yebhodhi revatungamiriri vayo uye mumwe wevanopa mazano mukuru muma1970. Muna 1980, Mutungamiri Jimmy Carter akamugadza kuU.S. Court of Appeals yeDistrict of Columbia Circuit, kwaakashanda kusvikira agadzwa kuDare Repamusorosoro muna 1993. Pakati pokurega basa kwaO'Connor muna 2006 uye kugadzwa kwaSonia Sotomayor muna 2009, ndiye chete mukadzi mutongi wepamusorosoro. Munguva iyoyo, Ginsburg yakava yakasimba zvikuru nekusawirirana kwake, zvakadai seLedbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007). Pfungwa yaGinsburg yakasiyana yakapiwa mbiri yekukurudzira Mutemo weLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act uyo wakasainwa kuva mutemo neMutungamiri Barack Obama muna 2009, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vashandi vakunde mhosva dzekusarura mubhadharo. Ginsburg akawana kutarisisa muAmerican yakakurumbira tsika nekuda kwekushushikana kwake kwakasimba mumatare akawanda, anoonekwa zvakanyanya sekuratidzira paradigmatically liberal maonero emutemo. Akapihwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "The Notorious R.B.G".,[a] uye akazotora zita remadunhurirwa iri.  Pasinei nokurwara nekenza kaviri uye kukumbira pachena kwevadzidzi vezvemitemo vane rusununguko, akasarudza kusasiya basa muna 2013 kana 2014 apo Obama neDemocratic-inodzorwa neSeneti vaigona kugadza nekusimbisa mutsivi wake. Ginsburg akafira kumba kwake muWashington, D.C., musi waGunyana 18, 2020, pazera remakore makumi masere nemasere, nekuda kwematambudziko ekenza yepancreatic metastatic. Nzvimbo isina vanhu yakazvarwa norufu rwake yakazadziswa mazuva 39 gare gare naAmy Coney Barrett, mutsigiri wezvematongerwe enyika. Mugumisiro wacho waiva mumwe wezvinhu zvikuru zvitatu zvakatamira kurudyi muDare kubvira muna 1953, zvichitevera kugadzwa kwaClarence Thomas kuti atsive Thurgood Marshall muna 1991 uye kugadzwa kwaWarren Burger kuti atsive Earl Warren muna 1969.