Njengoba kunikezwe lesi sigaba esiphathelene no-Indiana Jones, ngitshele ukuthi ubani owabamba iqhaza kumafilimu e-franchise noHarrison Ford
Context:I-Indiana Jones iyi-franchise yezindaba yaseMelika esekelwe ezenzakalweni zikaDkt Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., uprofesa oqanjiwe wezemivubukulo, owaqala ngo-1981 ngefilimu ethi Raiders of the Lost Ark. Ngo-1984, kwakhishwa i-prequel, iThe Temple of Doom, kwathi ngo-1989, kwaphuma i-sequel, iThe Last Crusade. Kwabe sekulandela ifilimu yesine ngo-2008, enesihloko esithi The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Ifilimu yesihlanu neyokugcina, enesihloko esithi The Dial of Destiny, isakhiqizwa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe ngo-2023. Lolu chungechunge lwakhiwa nguGeorge Lucas futhi izinkanyezi uHarrison Ford njengo-Indiana Jones. Amafilimu amane okuqala aqondiswa nguSteven Spielberg, owayesebenza eduze noLucas ngesikhathi bekhiqizwa.  Ngo-1992, i-franchise yandisa uchungechunge lwethelevishini ngeThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, edweba umlingiswa ebuntwaneni nasebusheni bakhe, futhi kufaka phakathi ukuzidela nabazali bakhe.  IMarvel Comics yaqala ukushicilela iThe Further Adventures of Indiana Jones ngo-1983, kanti iDark Horse Comics yathola amalungelo encwadi yamahlaya kumlingiswa ngo-1991. Kuye kwashicilelwa amafilimu amasha, kanye namanoveli amaningi anezindaba zokuzijabulisa zangempela, kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lwamanoveli aseJalimane kaWolfgang Hohlbein, amanoveli ayishumi nambili asethwe ngaphambi kwamafilimu ashicilelwe yiBantam Books, kanye nochungechunge olwenziwe ngesikhathi sobuntwana bomlingiswa ophefumulelwe wombukiso wethelevishini.  Imidlalo eminingi yevidiyo ka-Indiana Jones iye yakhishwa kusukela ngo-1982.  Umlando Ngo-1973, uGeorge Lucas wabhala incwadi ethi The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Njenge-Star Wars, kwakuyithuba lokwakha inguqulo yesimanje yezinhlelo zamafilimu zeminyaka yawo-1930 nawo-1940. ULucas waxoxa ngalo mqondo noPhilip Kaufman, owasebenza naye amasonto amaningana futhi wanquma ukuthi uMphongolo Wesivumelwano ube yiMacGuffin. Le phrojekthi yabambezeleka lapho uClint Eastwood eqasha uKaufman ukuba abhale iThe Outlaw Josey Wales. Ngo-May 1977, uLucas wayeseMaui, ezama ukubalekela impumelelo yomhlaba wonke ye-Star Wars. Umngane wakhe nosebenza naye uSteven Spielberg naye wayekhona, eseholidini ngemva kokusebenza ku-Closer Encounters of the Third Kind. USpielberg watshela uLucas ukuthi unentshisekelo yokwenza ifilimu kaJames Bond, kodwa uLucas wamtshela ngomqondo "ongcono kunoJames Bond", echaza isakhiwo seRaiders of the Lost Ark. USpielberg wayithanda, wayibiza ngokuthi "ifilimu kaJames Bond ngaphandle kwezinto", futhi washintsha isibongo somlingiswa waba nguJones. USpielberg noLucas benza isivumelwano neParamount Pictures samafilimu amahlanu ka-Indiana Jones.  USpielberg noLucas babehlose ukwenza i-Indiana Jones kanye neThempeli Lokulahlwa kube mnyama kakhulu, ngenxa yemizwelo yabo yangasese kulandela ukuhlukana kwabo kanye nesehlukaniso. ULucas wenza le filimu yaba yi-prequel njengoba wayengafuni ukuthi amaNazi aphinde abe yizigebengu. Wayenemiqondo mayelana neNkosi yeNkawu kanye nenqaba enethusi, kodwa ekugcineni wadala amatshe aseSankara, ayezosetshenziswa kule filimu. Waqasha uWillard Huyck noGloria Katz ukuba babhale lo mbhalo njengoba ayazi ukuthi banesithakazelo esikweni lamaNdiya. Izigcawu ezinkulu ezazishiywe kuma-Raiders of the Lost Ark zafakwa kule filimu: ukuphunyuka kusetshenziswa i-gong enkulu eguquguqukayo njengesivikelo, ukuwa kwendiza ku-raft, nokujaha inqola yezimayini. Ngefilimu yesithathu, uSpielberg waphinde wavakashela i-Monkey King kanye nemiqondo yezinqaba ezethusayo, ngaphambi kokuba uLucas aphakamise i-Holy Grail. USpielberg wayekade enqaba lokhu njengokungaqondakali kakhulu, kodwa wabe eseqamba indaba kababa nendodana futhi wanquma ukuthi "iGrail wonke umuntu ayifunayo ingaba isingathekiso sendodana efuna ukubuyisana nobaba nobaba efuna ukubuyisana nendodana".  Ngemuva kokukhishwa kuka-1989 kwe-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Last Crusade, uLucas wavumela uchungechunge ukuthi luphele njengoba ezwa ukuthi akakwazi ukucabanga ngedivayisi enhle yesakhiwo ukushayela isitolimende esilandelayo futhi wakhetha ukukhiqiza i-The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, eyahlola umlingiswa eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala. UFord wadlala i-Indiana esiqeshini esisodwa, elandisa ngezigigaba zakhe ngo-1920 eChicago. Lapho uLucas edlala indima kaFord ngoDisemba 1992, waqaphela ukuthi lesi senzakalo sasivula ithuba le-movie ene-Indiana endala ehlelwe ngawo-1950. Le filimu ingase ibonise i-science fiction yama-1950 B-movie, enezidalwa zangaphandle njengengxenye yesakhiwo. UFord akazange ayithande le ndlela entsha, watshela uLucas: "Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngibe kwifilimu kaSteven Spielberg enjengale". USpielberg ngokwakhe, owaveza izidalwa zakwamanye amazwe kumafilimu i - Close Encounters of the Third Kind ne - E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, wamelana nalokhu. ULucas wasungula indaba, uJeb Stuart ayiguqula yaba umbhalo kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1993 kuya kuMeyi 1994. ULucas wayefuna ukuba u-Indiana ashade, okwakuzovumela uHenry Jones Sr. ukuba abuye, ezwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi indodana yakhe iyajabula yini ngalokho ekufezile. Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi uJoseph Stalin wayenesithakazelo empini yezingqondo, uLucas wanquma ukuba namaRashiya njengababi futhi abezizwe babe namandla angqondo. Ngemva komdwebo olandelayo kaStuart, uLucas waqasha umbhali we-Last Crusade uJeffrey Boam ukuba abhale izinguqulo ezintathu ezilandelayo, eyokugcina eyaqedwa ngoMashi 1996. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, i-Independence Day yakhishwa, futhi uSpielberg watshela uLucas ukuthi ngeke enze enye i-movie yokuhlasela kwabangaphandle (noma okungenani kuze kube yi-War of the Worlds ngo-2005). ULucas wanquma ukugxila kuma-prequels e-Star Wars esikhundleni salokho.  Ngo-2000, indodana kaSpielberg yabuza ukuthi ifilimu elandelayo ka-Indiana Jones izokhishwa nini, okwamenza waba nentshisekelo yokuvuselela iphrojekthi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uFord, uLucas, uSpielberg, uFrank Marshall, noKathleen Kennedy bahlangana ngesikhathi i-American Film Institute ihlonipha uFord, futhi banquma ukuthi bafuna ukujabulela isipiliyoni sokwenza ifilimu ka-Indiana Jones futhi. USpielberg futhi wathola ukubuyela kulolu chungechunge njengokuphumula kumafilimu akhe amaningi amnyama ngalesi sikhathi. USpielberg noLucas baxoxa ngombono oyinhloko wefilimu yeB ehilela abantu bangaphandle, futhi uLucas wasikisela ukusebenzisa izimbaza zamakristalu ukuze aqinise lo mbono. ULucas wathola lezi zinto zakudala zithakazelisa njengoMphongolo, futhi wayehlose ukuzikhombisa esiqeshini se-Young Indiana Jones ngaphambi kokukhanselwa kombukiso. M. Night Shyamalan waqashwa ukuba abhale i-2002 shoot, kodwa wahlushwa umsebenzi, futhi wathi kwakunzima ukuthola uFord, Spielberg, noLucas ukugxila. UStephen Gaghan noTom Stoppard nabo bathintwa.  UFrank Darabont, owabhala iziqephu ezahlukahlukene zeYoung Indiana Jones, waqashwa ukuba abhale ngoMeyi 2002. Umbhalo wakhe, onesihloko esithi Indiana Jones and the City of Gods, wawubekwe ngawo-1950, lapho ababengamaNazi babezingela uJones. USpielberg wakhulelwa lo mbono ngenxa yezibalo zangempela ezifana noJuan Perón e-Argentina, okuthiwa wavikela izigebengu zempi zamaNazi. UDarabont wathi uSpielberg wayeyithanda le script, kodwa uLucas wayenezinkinga ngayo, futhi wanquma ukuzibhala yena ngokwakhe. ULucas noSpielberg bavuma ukuthi ukuhlelwa kweminyaka yama-1950 kwakungeke kuyishaye indiva iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, futhi abaseRussia babeyizigebengu ezicatshangelwayo. USpielberg wanquma ukuthi wayengeke ahlekise ngamaNazi ngemva kokuqondisa i-Schindler's List, kuyilapho uFord ezizwa "Siphuce amaNazi". Umnikelo oyinhloko kaDarabont kwakuwukuletha kabusha uMarion Ravenwood njengentshisekelo yothando luka-Indiana, kodwa wabanika indodakazi eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, uSpielberg anquma ukuthi yayifana kakhulu neThe Lost World: Jurassic Park.  UJeff Nathanson wahlangana noSpielberg noLucas ngo-Agasti ka-2004, futhi wafaka imibhalo elandelayo ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba ka-2005, enesihloko esithi The Atomic Ants. UDavid Koepp waqhubeka lapho, enikeza iskripthi sakhe isihlokwana esithi Destroyer of Worlds, esisekelwe esicashunweni sikaJ. Robert Oppenheimer. Lashintshwa laba yi-Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, njengoba uSpielberg athola lesi sihloko simema kakhulu okuyiyona empeleni eqanjwe ngecebo lesakhiwo. UKoepp wayefuna ukuveza umlingiswa kaMutt njengesiqhwaga, kodwa uLucas wenqaba, echaza ukuthi kufanele afane noMarlon Brando kuThe Wild One; "udinga ukuba yilokho ubaba ka-Indiana Jones ayecabanga [yena] <unk> isiqalekiso sibuya ngesimo sendodana yakhe <unk> uyikho konke ubaba angakwazi ukukubekezelela". UKoepp wabambisana noLawrence Kasdan "ngengxoxo yothando" yefilimu.  I-Walt Disney Company ibilokhu ingumnikazi wempahla yengqondo ka-Indiana Jones selokhu yathenga iLucasfilm, inkampani yokukhiqiza uchungechunge, ngo-2012, lapho uLucas eyithengisa ngama- $ 4 billion. I-Walt Disney Studios ingumnikazi wamalungelo okusabalalisa nokumaketha amafilimu ka-Indiana Jones kusukela ngo-2013, kanti i-Paramount igcina amalungelo okusabalalisa amafilimu amane okuqala futhi ithola "ukubamba iqhaza kwezezimali" kunoma yiziphi amafilimu angeziwe. IDisney izosabalalisa ifilimu yesihlanu ethi Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, ezoqondiswa uJames Mangold futhi ikhiqizwe uSpielberg.  Abashushumbisi Bomkhumbi Olahlekile (1981) Isihloko esiyinhloko: Raiders of the Lost Ark Ifilimu yokuqala yenzeka ngo-1936. U-Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) uqashwa yizisebenzi zikahulumeni ukuba athole uMphongolo Wesivumelwano, ibhokisi eligoqwe ngegolide eliqukethe izibhebhe zamatshe uMose azisebenzisa ekubhaleni iMiyalo Eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba amaJalimane amaNazi azintshontshele wona. AmaNazi aneqembu elicwaninga izinto ezingokwenkolo, kuhlanganise ne-Areka, okuthiwa yenza ibutho eliphethe i-Areka lingahlulwa. AmaNazi asizwa isitha esikhulu sika-Indiana nomvubukuli waseFrance uRené Belloq (uPaul Freeman). Ngosizo lwesithandwa sakhe sangaphambili nomnikazi webha onzima uMarion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) nomngani wakhe wokumba uSallah (uJohn Rhys-Davies), u-Indiana uyakwazi ukuthola uMphongolo eGibhithe. AmaNazi entshontsha uMphongolo futhi athatha u-Indiana noMarion. UBelloq namaNazi benza umkhosi wokuvula uMphongolo, kodwa lapho bewenza, konke abakuthola ngaphakathi kuyisihlabathi. Ngokungazelelwe, imimoya iyaphuma eMphongolweni futhi amaNazi abulawa ulaka loMphongolweni. U-Indiana noMarion, abasinda ngokuvala amehlo abo, bayakwazi ukuyisa uMphongolo e-United States, lapho ugcinwe khona endaweni eyimfihlo kahulumeni yokugcina izinto.  U-Indiana Jones kanye neThempeli Lokubhujiswa (1984) Isihloko esiyinhloko: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Le filimu yesibili i-prequel esethwe ngo-1935, unyaka ngaphambi kwe-Raiders of the Lost Ark. U-Indiana ubalekela izigelekeqe zaseChina eziholwa nguLao Che ngosizo lomculi / umlingisi uWillie Scott (Kate Capshaw) nomlingani wakhe oneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala uShort Round (Ke Huy Quan). Laba bobathathu bawela eNdiya, lapho behlangana khona nomphakathi wamaPunjabi onezingane ezithunjiwe. Inkolo yamaThuggy eholwa uMola Ram (Amrish Puri) nayo ithathe Amatshe angcwele kaSankara, azowasebenzisa ukuze athathe umhlaba. U-Indiana uyakwazi ukunqoba amandla amabi kaMola Ram, asindise izingane futhi abuyisele amatshe endaweni yawo efanele, enqoba imvelo yakhe yokuqasha. Le filimu iye yaphawulwa njenge-outlier ku-franchise, njengoba ingafaki inyuvesi yase-Indy noma noma iyiphi inhlangano yezepolitiki ephikisayo, futhi igxile kancane ekuvubukuleni, yethulwa njengefilimu emnyama enezinto ezikhungathekisayo, umhlatshelo womuntu nokuhlukunyezwa.  U-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Last Crusade (1989) Isihloko esiyinhloko: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Ifilimu yesithathu isethwe ngo-1938. U-Indiana nomngani wakhe uMarcus Brody (uDenholm Elliott) banikezwa umsebenzi ngusomabhizinisi waseMelika uWalter Donovan (uJulian Glover) ukuthola iGrail Engcwele. Bahlangana noDkt Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), balandela lapho ubaba ka-Indiana ohlukanisiwe uHenry (Sean Connery) eyeka khona ngaphambi kokuba anyamalale. Kuye kwavela ukuthi uDonovan no-Elsa bahlangene namaNazi, athatha uHenry Jones ukuze athole u-Indiana ukuba abasize bathole iGrail. Kodwa-ke, u-Indiana uthola idayari kayise egcwele ucwaningo lwakhe, futhi uyakwazi ukumhlenga ngaphambi kokuthola indawo yeGrail. Bobabili uDonovan no-Elsa bawela esilingweni seGrail, kuyilapho u-Indiana noHenry bebona ukuthi ubuhlobo babo bomunye nomunye bubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthola i-relic.  U-Indiana Jones nombuso we-Crystal Skull (2008) Isihloko esiyinhloko: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Ifilimu yesine isethwe ngo-1957, eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ngemva kweThe Last Crusade. U-Indiana uphila ukuphila okuthulile efundisa ngaphambi kokuba angene empini entsha. Umncintiswano ngokumelene ejenti eSoviet Union, eholwa Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) ngoba crystal skull. Uhambo lwakhe lumthatha eNevada, eConnecticut, ePeru, nasehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon eBrazil. U-Indiana ubhekene nokukhashelwa ngomunye wabangane bakhe abakhulu, uMac (uRay Winstone), wethulwa kumuntu onamafutha ogama lakhe linguMutt Williams (uShia LaBeouf), okuvela ukuthi uyindodana yakhe (igama lakhe langempela kuvezwe ukuthi nguHenry Jones III), futhi uyahlangana futhi ekugcineni ashade noMarion Ravenwood, owayengumlingisi wesifazane oholayo owethulwe kwifilimu yokuqala.  U-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Dial of Destiny (2023) Isihloko esiyinhloko: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny Ifilimu yesihlanu, ehlelwe ngo-1969, ihlelelwe ukukhishwa ngoJuni 30, 2023. Le filimu iqondiswa nguJames Mangold, owabhala lo mbhalo noJez noJohn-Henry Butterworth. Ekuqaleni uSpielberg wayezimisele ukuqondisa le filimu, ngaphambi kokuyidlulisela kuMangold. Esikhundleni salokho uSpielberg usebenza njengomkhiqizi, kanye noKennedy noMarshall. UFord uphinde wadlala indima yesihloko, futhi amalungu amasha abalingisi afaka phakathi uPhoebe Waller-Bridge, uMads Mikkelsen, uThomas Kretschmann, uBoyd Holbrook, uShaunette Renée Wilson, uToby Jones no-Antonio Banderas. Ukuthuthukiswa kwefilimu kwaqala ngo-2008, kodwa iphrojekthi yahlala iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqoshwa ekugcineni kwaqala e-United Kingdom ngoJuni 2021 futhi kwahlanganiswa ngoFebhuwari 2022.
I-franchise yezindaba yaseMelika, i-Indiana Jones, ihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamafilimu amahlanu. Ukukhishwa kwefilimu yokuqala, i-Raiders of the Last Ark kufaka phakathi izinkanyezi uPaul Freeman, njengoRene Bellow, uKaren Allen, njengoMarion Ravenwood, noJohn Rhys-Davies, njengoSallah. Ukukhishwa kwefilimu yesibili, i-Indiana Jones kanye neThempeli Lokubhujiswa kufaka phakathi izinkanyezi ezikanye noKate Capshaw, njengoWillie Scott, uKe Huy Quan njengoShort Round, no-Amris Puri, njengoMola Ram. Ukukhishwa kwefilimu yesithathu, i-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Last Crusade kufaka izinkanyezi ezikanye noDenholm Elliott njengoMarcus Brody, uJulian Glover njengoWalter Donovan, u-Alison Doody njengoDkt. Ukukhishwa kwefilimu yesine, i-Indiana Jones kanye ne-Kingdom of the Crystal Skull kufaka phakathi izinkanyezi uCate Blanchett njengo-Irina Spalko, uRay Winstone njengoMac noShia LaBeouf njengoMutt Williams. Ukukhishwa kwefilimu yesihlanu neyokugcina, i-Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, kuhlelelwe ukukhishwa ngoJuni 30, 2023 futhi njengamanje kufaka phakathi izinkanyezi ezibandakanya uPhoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones no-Antonio Banderas.