chii chinonzi entropy
Context:Entropy ipfungwa yesayenzi, uyewo chinhu chinooneka chinogona kuyerwa, chinowanzosanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongeka, asina kurongeka, kana kuti asina chokwadi. Izwi racho nepfungwa yacho zvinoshandiswa muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kubva pa thermodynamics yekare, apo yakatanga kuzivikanwa, kusvika pakurondedzerwa kwezvinhu zviduku zvezvisikwa muzvinyorwa zvepanyama, uye kumitemo yedzidziso yemashoko. Yakawana kushandiswa kwakakura mukemisitiri nefizikisi, mumasisitimu ezvisikwa uye ukama hwavo nehupenyu, mune cosmology, economics, sociology, sayenzi yemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye masisitimu eruzivo kusanganisira kuendesa ruzivo mukutaurirana.
Entropy ipfungwa yesayenzi, uyewo chinhu chinooneka chinogona kuyerwa, chinowanzosanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongeka, asina kurongeka, kana kuti asina chokwadi. Izwi racho nepfungwa yacho zvinoshandiswa muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kubva pa thermodynamics yekare, apo yakatanga kuzivikanwa, kusvika pakurondedzerwa kwezvinhu zviduku zvezvisikwa muzvinyorwa zvepanyama, uye kumitemo yedzidziso yemashoko. Yakawana kushandiswa kwakakura mukemisitiri nefizikisi, mumasisitimu ezvisikwa uye ukama hwavo nehupenyu, mune cosmology, economics, sociology, sayenzi yemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye masisitimu eruzivo kusanganisira kuendesa ruzivo mukutaurirana.  Pfungwa ye thermodynamic yakataurwa nemusayendisiti weScotland uye injiniya William Rankine muna 1850 nemazita anoti thermodynamic function uye heat-potential. Muna 1865, nyanzvi yefizikisi yokuGermany Rudolf Clausius, mumwe wevakavamba zvikuru munda wethermodynamics, akautsanangura sechiverengero cheuwandu husingaverengeki hworudzi ruduku zvikuru rwokudziya kupamusoro petembiricha yenguva imwe. Pakutanga akaritsanangura sechinhu chinoshanduka, muchiGerman chinonzi Verwandlungsinhalt, uye akazotaura shoko rokuti entropy kubva mushoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuchinja. Achinongedzera kumutemo wechinhu chiduku zvikuru nechimiro, muna 1862, Clausius akadudzira mufungo wacho sokureva kuparadzaniswa.  Mugumisiro weentropy ndewokuti zvimwe zviitiko hazvichinjiki kana kuti hazvibviri, kunze kwechinodikanwa chokusatyora kuchengetedzwa kwesimba, chokupedzisira chichiratidzwa mumutemo wokutanga we thermodynamics. Entropy inokosha kumutemo wechipiri we thermodynamics, uyo unotaura kuti entropy yemarudzi akaparadzana akasiyiwa kuti ashanduke asina chinangwa haagoni kuderera nenguva, sezvo nguva dzose achisvika pane imwe nzvimbo ye thermodynamic equilibrium, uko entropy yakakwirira zvikuru.  Mufizikisi wokuAustria Ludwig Boltzmann akatsanangura entropy sechiyereso cheuwandu hwezvirongwa zvemaekisesaizi kana kuti mamiriro maatomu nemamolekyu ehurongwa hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ehurongwa hwacho. Nokudaro akaunza pfungwa yokusawirirana kwechiverengero uye kugoverwa kwezviitiko mumunda mutsva we thermodynamics, unonzi statistical mechanics, uye akawana kubatana pakati pekubatana kwe microscopic, iyo inoshanduka pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwepakati, kune maitiro anocherechedzwa macroscopically, muchimiro chemutemo we logarithmic nyore, nehuwandu hwehuwandu, Boltzmann nguva dzose, iyo yakava imwe yezvinotsanangurwa zvepasi rose zvezuva ranhasi International System of Units (SI).  Muna 1948, musayendisiti weBell Labs Claude Shannon akagadzira pfungwa dzakafanana dzokuverenga dzokuyera kusava nechokwadi kwechinhu chiduku uye kuwanda kwechinetso chokurasikirwa nemashoko anongoitika mumasaini okutaura. Pamusana pezano raJohn von Neumann, Shannon akatumidza chinhu ichi cheruzivo rwunoshaikwa nenzira yakafanana nekushandiswa kwaro mumashandisirwo emashandisirwo se entropy, uye akabereka munda wedzidziso yeruzivo. Rondedzero iyi yakaratidzwa senongedzero yenyika yose yechinhu chinonzi entropy.