Ndiudzei pamusoro pe fluoridation yemvura
Context:Fluoridation yemvura ndiko kugadziriswa kunodzorwa kwefluoride kumvura yevoruzhinji yokungoderedza kuora kwemeno. Mvura ine fluoride ine fluoride pamwero unobudirira pakudzivirira maburi; izvi zvinogona kuitika nenzira yomuzvarirwo kana kuti nokuwedzera fluoride. Mvura ine fluoride inoshanda pamadziro emazino: mumuromo, inogadzira mwero wakaderera wefluoride mumate, izvo zvinoderedza mwero unobviswa zvicherwa nemazino uye zvinowedzera mwero unobviswa zvicherwa zvakare mumatanho ekutanga ehozhwa. Kazhinji kazhinji chinhu chine fluoride chinowedzerwa kumvura yokunwa, muitiro uyo muU.S. unodhura avhareji inenge $1.17 pamunhu pagore. Defluoridation inodikanwa apo mwero wefluoride unowanikwa zvakasikwa unodarika miganhu inokurudzirwa. Muna 2011, sangano reWorld Health Organization rakakurudzira kuti fluoride ive pakati pe0,5 ne1,5 mg/L (milligrams per liter), zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yemunharaunda, uye zvimwe zvinopa fluoride. Mvura yomumabhodhoro kazhinji kazhinji ine mwero wefluoride usingazivikanwi.  Kuora kwemeno kunoramba kuri chinetso chikuru cheutano hwevanhu munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira, kuchikanganisa 60 kusvika ku90% yevana vechikoro uye vakawanda vevakuru. Kuiswa fluoride mumvura kunoderedza maburi muvana, nepo kushanda kwacho muvakuru kusiri pachena. Ongororo yaCochrane inofungidzira kuti kuderera kwezvibhakera pakashandiswa fluoridation yemvura nevana vakanga vasina zvimwe zvinopa fluoride kunenge kuri 35% mumeno evana uye 26% mumeno anogara aripo. Zvisinei, ikoku kwakanga kwakavakirwa pazvidzidzo zvekare izvo zvakakundikana kudzora nokuda kwezvinhu zvinoshanduka zvakawanda, zvakadai sokwedzera kushandiswa kwe shuga pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzamazino. Nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakaratidzira kuderera kukuru mukukuvara kwemeno, kunyange zvazvo fluoridation yemukaka nomunyu yakapararira panzvimbo ye fluoridation yemvura. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzinoratidza kuti kuisa fluoride mumvura, kunyanya munyika dzakabudirira, kungasava kwakakodzera nokuti fluoride inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (yakadai sepasta yemazino) inoshandiswa chaizvo, uye kuwanda kwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi kwakaderera.  Kunyange zvazvo fluoridation ichigona kukonzera fluorosis yemazino, iyo inogona kuchinja kutaridzika kwemazino ari kukura kana kuti fluorosis yesamende, misiyano yacho haina kunyanya kuoma uye kazhinji haisi inonetsa panyaya dzokunaka kana kuti utano hwevanhu. Hapana uchapupu hwakajeka hwezvimwe zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nokuiswa fluoride mumvura. Migumisiro yefluoride inotsamira pakudya kwezuva nezuva kwefluoride kubva kumanyuko ose. Mvura yokunwa inowanzova manyuko makuru; dzimwe nzira dzokurapa nefluoride dzinosanganisira fluoridation yefodya yemazino, munyu, uye mukaka. Maonero aripo pamusoro penzira inobudirira zvikuru yokudzivirira kuora kwemeno munzanga akasiyana-siyana. Hurumende yeAustralia inotaura kuti fluoridation yemvura ndiyo nzira inobudirira zvikuru yokuita kuti vanhu vose vagare vaine fluoride. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinoshuma kuti fluoridation yemvura, kana zvichibvira uye zvichigamuchirwa netsika, ine zvikomborero zvikuru, zvikurukuru kumapoka maduku ari pangozi huru, nepo European Commission isingawani betsero ku fluoridation yemvura kana ichienzaniswa nokushandiswa kwomunzvimbo.  fluoridation yomunharaunda mvura yakatanga kuitwa muna U.S. As of 2012, nyika 25 vane chakagadzirwa mvura fluoridation kuti siyana madhigirii, 11 vavo vane zvinopfuura 50% yevanhu vavo kunwa mvura fluoridated. Dzimwe nyika 28 dzine mvura ine fluoride yomuzvarirwo, kunyange zvazvo mune dzakawanda dzacho fluoride iri pamusoro pemwero wakakodzera. Muna 2012, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 435 pasi rose vakagamuchira mvura ine fluoridated pamwero unokurudzirwa (kureva, vanenge 5,4% yevagari vepasi rose).: 56 Vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 214 vavo vanogara muUnited States. Masangano makuru ezvoutano akadai seWorld Health Organization neFDI World Dental Federation akatsigira fluoridation yemvura seyakachengeteka uye inoshanda. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inonyora fluoridation yemvura seimwe yebudiriro huru gumi dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzezana ramakore rechi 20 muU.S. Pasinei neizvi, muitiro wacho unopokanwa sechirongwa chehutano hweveruzhinji. Dzimwe nyika nenharaunda dzakarega kushandisa fluoridation, nepo dzimwe dzakawedzera. Vanoshora muitiro wacho vanotaura kuti hapana betsero kana kuti ngozi zvakanyatsodzidzwa zvakakwana, uye vanokurukura kurwisana kuri pakati pezvingaonekwa semishonga yakawanda uye rusununguko rwomunhu oga.
Fluoridation yemvura ndiko kugadziriswa kunodzorwa kwefluoride kumvura yevoruzhinji yokungoderedza kuora kwemeno. Mvura ine fluoride ine fluoride pamwero unobudirira pakudzivirira maburi; izvi zvinogona kuitika nenzira yomuzvarirwo kana kuti nokuwedzera fluoride. Mvura ine fluoride inoshanda pamadziro emazino: mumuromo, inogadzira mwero wakaderera wefluoride mumate, izvo zvinoderedza mwero unobviswa zvicherwa nemazino uye zvinowedzera mwero unobviswa zvicherwa zvakare mumatanho ekutanga ehozhwa. Kazhinji kazhinji chinhu chine fluoride chinowedzerwa kumvura yokunwa, muitiro uyo muU.S. unodhura avhareji inenge $1.17 pamunhu pagore. Defluoridation inodikanwa apo mwero wefluoride unowanikwa zvakasikwa unodarika miganhu inokurudzirwa. Muna 2011, sangano reWorld Health Organization rakakurudzira kuti fluoride ive pakati pe0,5 ne1,5 mg/L (milligrams per liter), zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yemunharaunda, uye zvimwe zvinopa fluoride. Mvura yomumabhodhoro kazhinji kazhinji ine mwero wefluoride usingazivikanwi.  Kuora kwemeno kunoramba kuri chinetso chikuru cheutano hwevanhu munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira, kuchikanganisa 60 kusvika ku90% yevana vechikoro uye vakawanda vevakuru. Kuiswa fluoride mumvura kunoderedza maburi muvana, nepo kushanda kwacho muvakuru kusiri pachena. Ongororo yaCochrane inofungidzira kuti kuderera kwezvibhakera pakashandiswa fluoridation yemvura nevana vakanga vasina zvimwe zvinopa fluoride kunenge kuri 35% mumeno evana uye 26% mumeno anogara aripo. Zvisinei, ikoku kwakanga kwakavakirwa pazvidzidzo zvekare izvo zvakakundikana kudzora nokuda kwezvinhu zvinoshanduka zvakawanda, zvakadai sokwedzera kushandiswa kwe shuga pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzamazino. Nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakaratidzira kuderera kukuru mukukuvara kwemeno, kunyange zvazvo fluoridation yemukaka nomunyu yakapararira panzvimbo ye fluoridation yemvura. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzinoratidza kuti kuisa fluoride mumvura, kunyanya munyika dzakabudirira, kungasava kwakakodzera nokuti fluoride inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (yakadai sepasta yemazino) inoshandiswa chaizvo, uye kuwanda kwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi kwakaderera.  Kunyange zvazvo fluoridation ichigona kukonzera fluorosis yemazino, iyo inogona kuchinja kutaridzika kwemazino ari kukura kana kuti fluorosis yesamende, misiyano yacho haina kunyanya kuoma uye kazhinji haisi inonetsa panyaya dzokunaka kana kuti utano hwevanhu. Hapana uchapupu hwakajeka hwezvimwe zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nokuiswa fluoride mumvura. Migumisiro yefluoride inotsamira pakudya kwezuva nezuva kwefluoride kubva kumanyuko ose. Mvura yokunwa inowanzova manyuko makuru; dzimwe nzira dzokurapa nefluoride dzinosanganisira fluoridation yefodya yemazino, munyu, uye mukaka. Maonero aripo pamusoro penzira inobudirira zvikuru yokudzivirira kuora kwemeno munzanga akasiyana-siyana. Hurumende yeAustralia inotaura kuti fluoridation yemvura ndiyo nzira inobudirira zvikuru yokuita kuti vanhu vose vagare vaine fluoride. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinoshuma kuti fluoridation yemvura, kana zvichibvira uye zvichigamuchirwa netsika, ine zvikomborero zvikuru, zvikurukuru kumapoka maduku ari pangozi huru, nepo European Commission isingawani betsero ku fluoridation yemvura kana ichienzaniswa nokushandiswa kwomunzvimbo.  fluoridation yomunharaunda mvura yakatanga kuitwa muna U.S. As of 2012, nyika 25 vane chakagadzirwa mvura fluoridation kuti siyana madhigirii, 11 vavo vane zvinopfuura 50% yevanhu vavo kunwa mvura fluoridated. Dzimwe nyika 28 dzine mvura ine fluoride yomuzvarirwo, kunyange zvazvo mune dzakawanda dzacho fluoride iri pamusoro pemwero wakakodzera. Muna 2012, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 435 pasi rose vakagamuchira mvura ine fluoridated pamwero unokurudzirwa (kureva, vanenge 5,4% yevagari vepasi rose). Vanenge mamiriyoni 214 vavo vanogara muUnited States. Masangano makuru ezvoutano akadai seWorld Health Organization neFDI World Dental Federation akatsigira fluoridation yemvura seyakachengeteka uye inoshanda. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inonyora fluoridation yemvura seimwe yebudiriro huru gumi dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzezana ramakore rechi 20 muU.S. Pasinei neizvi, muitiro wacho unopokanwa sechirongwa chehutano hweveruzhinji. Dzimwe nyika nenharaunda dzakarega kushandisa fluoridation, nepo dzimwe dzakawedzera. Vanoshora muitiro wacho vanotaura kuti hapana betsero kana kuti ngozi zvakanyatsodzidzwa zvakakwana, uye vanokurukura kurwisana kuri pakati pezvingaonekwa semishonga yakawanda uye rusununguko rwomunhu oga.