Zvichipa ndima iyi pamusoro peIndiana Jones, ndiudze ndiani akabata nyeredzi mumafirimu ehurongwa naHarrison Ford
Context:Indiana Jones ndeyeAmerican media franchise yakavakirwa pane zvinoitika zvaDr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., purofesa wekufungidzira wezvekare, uyo akatanga muna 1981 nefirimu Raiders yeAreka Yakarasika. Muna 1984, prequel, The Temple of Doom, yakabudiswa, uye muna 1989, sequel, The Last Crusade. Firimu rechina rakatevera muna 2008, rainzi The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Firimu rechishanu uye rokupedzisira, rine musoro unoti The Dial of Destiny, riri kugadzirwa uye rakarongwa kubudiswa muna 2023. Nhepfenyuro yacho yakasikwa naGeorge Lucas uye nyeredzi Harrison Ford saIndiana Jones. Mafirimu mana okutanga akatungamirirwa naSteven Spielberg, uyo akashanda pamwe chete naLucas panguva yekugadzirwa kwavo.  Muna 1992, franchise yakawedzerwa kuita nhepfenyuro yeterevhizheni neThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, ichiratidza hunhu muhudiki hwake nehudiki, uye kusanganisira zviitiko nevabereki vake.  Marvel Comics yakatanga kubudisa The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones muna 1983, uye Dark Horse Comics yakawana kodzero dzebhuku remakomiki kune hunhu muna 1991. Novelizations yemafirimu akaburitswa, pamwe nemabhuku mazhinji ane zviitiko zvepakutanga, kusanganisira nhevedzano yemabhuku echiGerman naWolfgang Hohlbein, zvinyorwa gumi nembiri zvakaiswa pamberi pemafirimu akaburitswa neBantam Books, uye nhevedzano yakaiswa panguva yehudiki hwemunhu akafuridzirwa ne terevhizheni.  Mitambo yakawanda yevhidhiyo yeIndiana Jones yakabudiswa kubvira muna 1982.  Zvakaitika Muna 1973, George Lucas akanyora The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Kufanana neStar Wars, yakanga iri mukana wokugadzira shanduro yemazuva ano yemitambo yemafirimu yema1930 nema1940. Lucas akakurukura pfungwa yacho naPhilip Kaufman, uyo akashanda naye kwevhiki dzinoverengeka uye akasarudza paAreka yeSungano seMacGuffin. Basa racho rakarambidzwa Clint Eastwood paakashandira Kaufman kuti anyore The Outlaw Josey Wales. Muna May 1977, Lucas akanga ari muMaui, achiedza kutiza kubudirira kwepasi pose kweStar Wars. Shamwari yake uye waaishanda naye Steven Spielberg akanga aripowo, pazororo achibva kubasa pa"Kusangana Kwepedyo Kworudzi Rwechitatu". Spielberg akaudza Lucas kuti aifarira kugadzira firimu raJames Bond, asi Lucas akamuudza nezvepfungwa "yakanaka kupfuura James Bond", achitaura nezvenyaya ye Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg akaifarira, achidana kuti "firimu raJames Bond risina Hardware", uye akaita kuti zita remunhu wacho rishandurwe kuva Jones. Spielberg naLucas vakaita chibvumirano neParamount Pictures nokuda kwamafirimu mashanu eIndiana Jones.  Spielberg naLucas vaida kuti Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ive yakasviba zvikuru, pamusana pemamiriro avo ezvinhu mushure mekuparadzana kwavo uye kurambana. Lucas akaita firimu racho prequel sezvo akanga asingadi kuti vaNazi vave vakaipa zvakare. Akanga ane pfungwa pamusoro paMonkey King uye nhare inotyisa, asi pakupedzisira akagadzira Sankara Stones, iyo yaizoshandiswa mufirimu. Akashandira Willard Huyck naGloria Katz kuti vanyore script sezvo aiziva kufarira kwavo tsika dzechiIndia. Mifananidzo mikuru yakanga yadonhedzwa kubva kuVapambi veAreka Yakarasika yakabatanidzwa mufirimu iri: kupukunyuka uchishandisa guru rinotenderera gong sechidzitiro, kuwira kunze kwendege muchikepe, uye kudzingirira ngoro yemigodhi. Nokuda kwefirimu rechitatu, Spielberg akashanyirazve Mambo weMonkey uye pfungwa dzetemberi dzinotambudzwa, Lucas asati ataura nezveGirazi Dzvene. Spielberg akanga amboramba izvi sechinhu chisina maturo, asi akazofunga nyaya yababa nemwanakomana uye akafunga kuti "The Grail iyo munhu wose anotsvaka inogona kuva mufananidzo wemwanakomana anotsvaka kuyanana nababa uye baba vanotsvaka kuyanana nemwanakomana".  Kutevera 1989 kusunungurwa Indiana Jones uye Last Crusade, Lucas regai dzakatevedzana mugumo sezvo ainzwa aisagona kufunga zvakanaka zano mudziyo kutyaira inotevera chikamu uye akasarudza pachinzvimbo kubudisa The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, izvo akaongorora hunhu mumakore ake okutanga. Ford akaridza Indiana muchikamu chimwe, achirondedzera zvaakasangana nazvo muna 1920 muChicago. Apo Lucas akapfura basa raFord muna December 1992, akaziva kuti chiitiko chacho chakazarura mukana wefirimu neIndiana yekare yakagadzwa muma1950. Firimu racho raigona kuratidzira firimu reB rokufungidzira rezvesayenzi rama1950, riine vokumwe seshanduro yenhau. Ford haana kufarira maonero matsva aya, achiudza Lucas kuti: "Hazviiti kuti ndive mufirimu raSteven Spielberg rakadaro". Spielberg amene, uyo akaratidzira vokumwe mu"Kusangana Kwepedyo Kworudzi Rwechitatu" uye "E.T. Munhu Wokumwe", akaramba. Lucas akagadzira nhau, iyo Jeb Stuart akashandura kuva script kubva muna October 1993 kusvika May 1994. Lucas aida kuti Indiana aroore, izvo zvaizobvumira Henry Jones Sr. kudzoka, achiratidza kunetseka pamusoro pekuti mwanakomana wake anofara here nezvaakawana. Pashure pokuziva kuti Joseph Stalin akanga achifarira muhondo yokurwisana nemidzimu, Lucas akasarudza kuva navaRussia sevakaipa uye vokumwe kuva nemasimba okufananidzira. Pashure pebhuku raStuart rakatevera, Lucas akabhadhara munyori weLast Crusade Jeffrey Boam kuti anyore shanduro nhatu dzinotevera, yekupedzisira yacho yakapedzwa muna March 1996. Mwedzi mitatu gare gare, Independence Day yakabudiswa, uye Spielberg akaudza Lucas kuti haazogadziri imwe firimu yekupinda kwevatorwa (kana kuti kwete kusvikira Hondo yeNyika muna 2005). Lucas akasarudza kunangidzira ngwariro pa Star Wars prequels panzvimbo pezvo.  Muna 2000, mwanakomana waSpielberg akabvunza kuti firimu rinotevera raIndiana Jones raizoburitswa riini, izvo zvakaita kuti afarire kumutsiridza chirongwa ichi. Mugore rimwe chetero, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, naKathleen Kennedy vakasangana panguva yeAmerican Film Institute's tribute kuna Ford, uye vakasarudza kuti vaida kunakidzwa neruzivo rwekuita firimu raIndiana Jones zvakare. Spielberg akawanawo kudzokera kune akateedzana zororo kubva kumafirimu ake mazhinji erima panguva ino. Spielberg naLucas vakakurukura pfungwa huru yefirimu reB rinobatanidza vokumwe, uye Lucas akakarakadza kushandisa huro dzemakristaro kuti asimbise pfungwa yacho. Lucas akawana zvinhu izvi zvinonakidza seAreka, uye akanga ane chinangwa chokuzviratidza nokuda kwechikamu cheYoung Indiana Jones pamberi pekuregererwa kwechiratidziro. M. Night Shyamalan akabhadharwa kuti anyore kurekodha kwa2002, asi akabatwa nebasa, uye akataura kuti zvaive zvakaoma kuti Ford, Spielberg, naLucas vatarise. Stephen Gaghan naTom Stoppard vakasvikwawo.  Frank Darabont, uyo akanyora zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveYoung Indiana Jones, akabhadharwa kuti anyore muna May 2002. Rugwaro rwake, rwunonzi Indiana Jones neGuta raVamwari, rwakaiswa muma1950, nevaimbova vaNazi vachitevera Jones. Spielberg akafunga pfungwa yacho nemhaka yevanhu chaivo vakadai saJuan Perón muArgentina, uyo anonzi akadzivirira matsotsi ehondo echiNazi. Darabont akataura kuti Spielberg aida script, asi Lucas aiva nezvinetso nazvo, uye akasarudza kutora kunyora pachake. Lucas naSpielberg vakabvuma kuti ma1950 akanga asiri nguva yokusaona Hondo Yemashoko, uye kuti vaRussia ndivo vaiva vanhu vakaipa. Spielberg akasarudza kuti aisagona kutsvinyira vaNazi pashure pokutungamirira Schindler's List, nepo Ford akanzwa kuti "We plum[b] wore the Nazis out". Mupiro mukuru waDarabont waive wekuunzazve Marion Ravenwood semufaro werudo rweIndiana, asi akavapa mwanasikana ane makore gumi nematatu ekuberekwa, uyo Spielberg akafunga kuti akafanana neNyika Yakarasika: Jurassic Park.  Jeff Nathanson akasangana naSpielberg naLucas muna Nyamavhuvhu 2004, ndokuendesa zvinyorwa zvinotevera muna Gumiguru naNovember 2005, zvine zita rekuti The Atomic Ants. David Koepp akapfuurira kubva ipapo, achipa manyoro ake musoro muduku Destroyer of Worlds, kwakavakirwa pamashoko aJ. Robert Oppenheimer. Yakachinjwa kunzi Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, sezvo Spielberg akawana iri zita rinokwezva iro rakatumidza zvirongwa zvepurogiramu. Koepp aida kuratidzira hunhu hwaMutt semunhu asina ruzivo, asi Lucas akaramba, achitsanangura kuti aifanira kufanana naMarlon Brando muThe Wild One; "anofanira kunge ari izvo baba vaIndiana Jones vaifunga [iye] <unk> kutuka kunodzoka muchimiro chemwanakomana wake <unk> ndiye zvese izvo baba vasingakwanise kumira". Koepp akabatana naLawrence Kasdan pafirimu "rudo hurukuro".  The Walt Disney Company yave muridzi Indiana Jones zvedzidzo pfuma kubva kutora kwayo Lucasfilm, dzinotevedzana 'kambani kugadzirwa, muna 2012, apo Lucas akatengesa nayo $ 4 bhiriyoni. Walt Disney Studios ine kodzero dzekuparadzira nekutengesa mafirimu emangwana eIndiana Jones kubvira 2013, neParamount ichichengetedza kodzero dzekuparadzira mafirimu mana ekutanga uye kugamuchira "kubatanidzwa kwemari" kubva kune chero mamwe mafirimu. Disney achaparadzira firimu rechishanu Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, iro richange rakatungamirirwa naJames Mangold uye rakagadzirwa naSpielberg.  Vavhimi veAreka Yakarasika (1981) Nyaya huru: Raiders of the Lost Ark Firimu rokutanga rinoitika muna 1936. Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) anobhadharwa nevashandi vehurumende kuti vawane Areka yeSungano, bhokisi rakafukidzwa negoridhe rine mahwendefa ematombo akashandiswa naMosesi kunyora Mirairo Gumi vaNazi veGerman vasati vazvibira ivo. VaNazi vane zvikwata zvinotsvaka zvinhu zvorudzidziso, kubatanidza Areka, iyo inotaurwa kuti inoita uto rinotakura Areka pamberi payo risingakundiki. VaNazi vari kubetserwa nomukwikwidzi mukuru weIndiana uye nyanzvi yokuchera matongo yokuFrance René Belloq (Paul Freeman). Achibatsirwa neaichimbova mudiwa wake uye muridzi webhawa akasimba Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) uye shamwari yake yekuchera Sallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana anokwanisa kudzorera Areka muEjipitori. VaNazi vanoba Areka ndokutora Indiana naMarion. Belloq nevaNazi vanoita mhemberero yokuzarura Areka, asi pavanoita kudaro, vanongowana jecha bedzi mukati. Kamwe kamwe, midzimu inobuda muAreka uye vaNazi vose vanourawa nehasha dzeAreka. Indiana naMarion, avo vakapukunyuka nokuvhara maziso avo, vanokwanisa kuendesa Areka kuUnited States, uko inochengetwa mune imwe imba yokuchengetera yehurumende yakavanzika.  Indiana Jones neTemberi yeRuparadziko (1984) Nyaya huru: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Firimu rechipiri ndere prequel rakagadzwa muna 1935, gore rimwe pamberi peVapambi veAreka Yakarasika. Indiana anopukunyuka maChinese gangsters anotungamirwa naLao Che nerubatsiro rwemuimbi / mutambi Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) uye shamwari yake yemakore gumi nemaviri Short Round (Ke Huy Quan). Vatatu vacho vanopinda muIndia, kwavanosangana nemusha wechiPunjabi une vana vakapambwa. Chitendero cheThuggee chinotungamirirwa naMola Ram (Amrish Puri) chakatorawo Matombo matsvene eSankara, ayo vachashandisa kutora nyika. Indiana anokwanisa kukurira simba rakaipa raMola Ram, anonunura vana uye anodzosera matombo kunzvimbo yawo yepamutemo, achikunda hunhu hwake hwevarwi. Iyi firimu yakaratidzwa seyakasiyana mune franchise, sezvo isingaratidze yunivhesiti yeIndy kana chero chinopesana nezvematongerwo enyika, uye haina kunyanya kutarisa pakuchera matongo, ichipiwa sefirimu rakasviba rine zvinhu zvinotyisa, chibayiro chevanhu uye kushungurudzwa.  Indiana Jones uye Kurwisa Kwokupedzisira (1989) Nyaya huru: Indiana Jones uye Yekupedzisira Crusade Firimu rechitatu rinoitika muna 1938. Indiana neshamwari yake Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) vanopihwa basa nemutengesi weAmerica Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) kuti vawane Holy Grail. Ivo vanobatana naDr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), vachitevera kubva kwaive nababa vaIndiana Henry (Sean Connery) vasati vanyangarika. Zvinoratidzika kuti Donovan naElsa vakabatana navaNazi, avo vakabata Henry Jones kuti vawane Indiana kuvabetsera kuwana Grail. Zvisinei, Indiana anowana dhayari yababa vake izere nekutsvakurudza kwake, uye anokwanisa kumununura asati awana nzvimbo yeGrail. Vaviri Donovan naElsa vanokundwa nomuedzo weGirairi, nepo Indiana naHenry vachiziva kuti ukama hwavo kune mumwe nomumwe hunokosha zvikuru kupfuura kuwana chiyeuchidzo.  Indiana Jones uye Umambo hweCriststal Skull (2008) Nyaya huru: Indiana Jones uye Humambo hweCriststal Skull Firimu rechina rinoitika muna 1957, makore gumi namapfumbamwe pashure peThe Last Crusade. Indiana iri kuva noupenyu hwakanyarara ichidzidzisa isati yapinzwa mupurogiramu itsva. Anokwikwidzana nevamiriri veSoviet Union, vachitungamirirwa naIrina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) nokuda kwekriststal skull. Rwendo rwake runomuendesa kuNevada, Connecticut, Peru, uye sango rinopisa reAmazon muBrazil. Indiana anotarisana nekutengeswa nemumwe weshamwari dzake dzepamwoyo, Mac (Ray Winstone), anoziviswa kune greaser anonzi Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), uyo anozove mwanakomana wake (zita rake chairo rinoratidzwa kuti ndiHenry Jones III), uye anosanganazve, uye pakupedzisira anoroora, Marion Ravenwood, uyo aive mutambi wechikadzi anotungamira akaunzwa mufirimu rekutanga.  Indiana Jones uye Dhiyabhorosi yeZuva (2023) Nyaya huru: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny Firimu rechishanu, rakaitwa muna 1969, rakarongerwa kubudiswa musi waJune 30, 2023. Firimu iri rinotungamirirwa naJames Mangold, uyo akanyora script naJez naJohn-Henry Butterworth. Spielberg pakutanga akaiswa kuti atungamirire firimu racho, asati apfuudza kuna Mangold. Spielberg panzvimbo pezvo anoshanda somugadziri, pamwe chete naKennedy naMarshall. Ford anodzokorora basa remusoro, uye nhengo nyowani dzevatambi dzinosanganisira Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones naAntonio Banderas. Kugadzirwa kwefirimu kwakatanga muna 2008, asi chirongwa ichi chakamira kwemakore. Filming pakupedzisira yakatanga muUnited Kingdom muna Chikumi 2021 uye yakaputirwa muna Kukadzi 2022.
Nhepfenyuro yeAmerica, Indiana Jones, inosanganisira kubudiswa kwemafirimu mashanu. Firimu rokutanga rakabudiswa, Raiders of the Last Ark raiva nevatambi vaviri Paul Freeman, saRene Bellow, Karen Allen, saMarion Ravenwood, naJohn Rhys-Davies, saSallah. Firimu rechipiri rakaburitswa, Indiana Jones neTembere yeRuparadziko yaisanganisira co-nyeredzi Kate Capshaw, saWillie Scott, Ke Huy Quan saShort Round, naAmris Puri, saMola Ram. Firimu rechitatu rakabudiswa, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade rakanga riine vamwe vatambi Denholm Elliott saMarcus Brody, Julian Glover saWalter Donovan, Alison Doody saDr. Elsa Schneider, naSean Connery saHenry Jones. Firimu rechina rakaburitswa, Indiana Jones neHumambo hweCrystal Skull yaisanganisira co-nyeredzi Cate Blanchett saIrina Spalko, Ray Winstone saMac naShia LaBeouf saMutt Williams. Firimu rechishanu uye rekupedzisira, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, rakarongerwa kuburitswa muna Chikumi 30, 2023 uye parizvino rinosanganisira co-nyeredzi dzinosanganisira Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones naAntonio Banderas.