Nyika dzipi dzine chiTamil somumwe wemitauro yadzo yepamutemo?
Context:Tamil (/ˈtɑːmɪl/; தமிழ் Tami<unk> [t̪ami<unk>], pronunciation (help·info)) mutauro wechiDravidian unotaurwa nevanhu vechiTamil vekuSouth Asia. ChiTamil mutauro wepamutemo wenyika yeIndia yeTamil Nadu, nyika dzakakwirira dzeSri Lanka neSingapore, uye nzvimbo yeIndia yePuducherry. Tamil inotaurwawo nevaduku vakawanda mune dzimwe nyika ina dzokuSouth India dzeKerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh neTelangana, uye nzvimbo yeUnion yeAndaman neNicobar Islands. Rinotaurwawo nevatambi veTamil vanowanikwa munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia neMauritius. Tamil inotaurwawo nevaMoor vokuSri Lanka. Mumwe wemitauro 22 yakarongwa muBumbiro reIndia, Tamil ndiyo yakatanga kunzi mutauro wekare weIndia.  Tamil nderimwe remitauro yekare-kare yeIndia. A. K. Ramanujan akaritsanangura so"mutauro bedzi weIndia yazvino uno uyo unopfuuridzirwa nenzira inozivikanwa nenguva yakapfuura yekare". Kusiyana-siyana uye kunaka kwemabhuku ekare echiTamil kwakaita kuti arondedzwe se"rimwe remagamuchidzanwa makuru ekare uye mabhuku enyika". Mabhuku akanyorwa echiTamil akanyorwa kwemakore anopfuura 2.000. Nguva yokutanga yezvinyorwa zvechiTamil, Sangam literature, yakanyorwa kubva muna c. 300 B.C. kusvikira kuna AD 300. Rine mabhuku akare zvikuru aripo pakati pemitauro yechiDravidian. Zvinyorwa zvepigraphic zvekare zvakawanikwa pamabhuku edombo uye'matombo emhare' anobva munenge muzana ramakore rechitatu BC. Panonyorwa zvinyorwa zvinenge 100 000 zvakawanikwa neArchaeological Survey of India muIndia, zvinenge 60 000 zviri muTamil Nadu. Zvizhinji zvacho zviri muchiTamil, ne5 muzana chete mune mimwe mitauro. Zvinyorwa zvechiTamil zvakanyorwa nemanyorero eBrahmi zvakawanikwa muSri Lanka uye pazvinhu zvokutengeserana muThailand neEgypt. Manyoro maviri apakuvamba zvikurusa anobva India, akabvumwa ndokunyoreswa neUNESCO Memory of the World register muna 1997 na 2005, akanyorwa muchiTamil.  Muna 1578, mamishinari echiKristu echiPutukezi akabudisa bhuku reminyengetero rechiTamil mumutauro wekare weTamil rainzi Thambiran Vanakkam, nokudaro zvichiita kuti chiTamil chive mutauro wokutanga weIndia kudhindwa uye kubudiswa. The Tamil Lexicon, rakabudiswa neUniversity of Madras, rakanga riri rimwe remaduramazwi okutanga kubudiswa mumitauro yeIndia. Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa muna 2001, paiva nemapepanhau 1.863 aibudiswa muchiTamil, 353 acho aiva ezuva nezuva.  Kuiswa muzvikamu Nyaya huru: Mitauro yeDravidian ChiTamil chiri murutivi rwokumaodzanyemba rwemitauro yeDravidian, mhuri yemitauro inenge 26 yakabva kunyika yeIndia. Rinoiswawo muchikamu chemhuri yemitauro yechiTamil iyo, pamwe chete neTamil chaiyo, inosanganisira mitauro yemapoka emitauro makumi matatu nemashanu emitauro yakadai semitauro yeIrula neYerukula (ona SIL Ethnologue).  Hama huru yepedyo yechiTamil chiMalayalam; aya maviri akatanga kuparadzana munenge muzana ramakore rechi9 AD. Kunyange zvazvo misiyano mizhinji pakati pechiTamil nechiMalayalam ichiratidza kupatsanuka kwokutanga kwemitauro yokuMadokero, muitiro wokuparadzaniswa mumutauro wakasiyana, chiMalayalam, hauna kupedzwa kutozosvikira pane imwe nguva muzana ramakore rechi 13 kana rechi 14.  Nhoroondo  Zvakawanikwa paAdichanallur muGovernment Museum, Chennai  Nzvimbo yekuchera yeKeezhadi Tamil, kufanana nemimwe mitauro yeDravidian, pakupedzisira inobva mumutauro weProto-Dravidian, uyo ungangodaro wakataurwa munenge mumireniyumu yechitatu BC, zvichida munharaunda yakapoteredza rwizi rwepasi rweGodavari rwizi. Ufakazi hunowanika hunoratidza kuti vatauri veProto-Dravidian vaiva netsika dzaiva nechokuita neNeolithic complexes dzokuSouth India.  Pakati pemitauro yeIndia, Tamil ine mabhuku ekare zvikurusa eIndia asiri echiSanskrit. Nyanzvi dzinoisa nhoroondo yakaratidzwa yemutauro iyi muzvikwata zvitatu: Old Tamil (600 BC <unk> AD 700), Middle Tamil (700 <unk> 1600) uye Modern Tamil (1600 <unk> pari zvino). MunaNovember 2007, kucherwa kwakaitwa paQuseir-al-Qadim kwakaratidza midziyo yevhu yekuEgypt yakanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga BC ine zvinyorwa zvekare zveTamil Brahmi. Kune mazita anoverengeka anooneka echiTamil echiHebheru chomuBhaibheri anotangira pamberi pa 500 BC, uchapupu hwekare hwerurimi. John Guy anotaura kuti chiTamil chaiva mutauro waishandiswa nevatengesi vokutanga vomugungwa vaibva kuIndia.  Muna 2004, mapfupa akawanda akawanikwa akavigwa mumidziyo yevhu muAdichanallur. Mimwe yemidziyo iyi yaiva nemashoko akanyorwa nemanyorero echiTamil Brahmi, uye mimwe yaiva nemapfupa evanhu vechiTamil.  Pakati pa2017 na2018, zvinhu 5 820 zvakawanikwa muKeezhadi. Izvi zvakatumirwa kuBeta Analytic muMiami, Florida nokuda kweAccelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) kufambidzana. Muenzaniso mumwe une manyoro echiTamil-Brahmi wakanzi wakanyorwa munenge muna 580 BC.
Tamil ndeimwe yemitauro yepamutemo munyika nenharaunda dzinotevera. India, Sri Lanka, Singapore uye nzvimbo yemubatanidzwa yeIndia yePuducherry.