"Dual federalism" almaɣna net d awa s izlay id "cooperative federalism"?
Federalism eqqal sistem n alxakum s inta a eqqalan assahat azun s ihandagan ajjotnen Daɣ Amerik, tila sistem ilan issin ihandagan, alxakum n addawla meɣ wan addawla d daw awen alxakum tan win addawla tan Dual federalism eqqal azzaman jir awatay wan 1819 d wan 1936 s inta a ti ille tazunt n tanaya jir alxakum wan addawla d alxakumaten tin addawla tan Daɣ azzaman wen "Alxakum wan addawla ijjan addawla tan alxidmat nasan daɣ idagan n folitik maqqornen eha " teɣare, asikil d alxaqqan win addinat daɣ wi yadnen" Daɣ azzaman wan dual federalism, issin haratan assohat nen ijjan edag i azzaman wan uchray s isim net "cooperative federalism" (1936 har amarad) Alxidmat ta tazzarat taqqal McCulloch v. Maryland id eqqalan fal majrad n alisteɣmar n addawla d assahaten n alxakum n addawla daɣ achareɣa eɣchadan addawla tan Maryland daɣ asidu n baya fal bank tan win addawla Alxidmat tan sanatat taqqal Gibbons v. Ogden taqqal fal assahat n alxakum wan addawla i amukin n mamala jir addawla tan ikf-ay i Gibbons alxakum i asissiki n addinat daɣ New Jersey har New York Almital tan win issin at w axdam alxakum wan addawla daɣ New Deal chund almital i ad ijji federalism n aharoj olaɣan eqqalan "amchakat n tanaya, folitik d alfayda tan jir alxakum tan win addawla d addawla tan" Alxakum eɣnan program tan ijjan alqim n addawla daɣ ihandagan wi s kala aqqalan alxaqqan n addawla chund assexat, asikil, teɣare, alxidmat d afanaz n tigdaht Awen izlay id dual federalism daɣ as amarad ille amichal d tazunt n assahaten jir addawla d alxakumaten tin addawla