Kule ndima engezansi, khetha amazwe okuqala amahlanu angamalungu e-OPEC
Context:Inhlangano yamazwe athumela uwoyela emazweni angaphandle (OPEC, /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) yinhlangano eyenza ukubambisana kwamazwe akhiqiza uwoyela, ukuze kuthonye ngokuhlanganyela imakethe yomhlaba wonke futhi kwandise inzuzo. Yasungulwa ngo-14 Septhemba 1960 eBaghdad ngamalungu ayisihlanu okuqala (i-Iran, i-Iraq, i-Kuwait, i-Saudi Arabia neVenezuela), kusukela ngo-1965, inekomkhulu layo eVienna, e-Austria, yize i-Austria ingeyona izwe eliyilungu le-OPEC. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018, amazwe ayi-13 angamalungu akha cishe amaphesenti angama-44 omkhiqizo kawoyela womhlaba wonke kanye namaphesenti angama-81.5 ezinqolobane zikawoyela eziqinisekisiwe zomhlaba, okunikeza i-OPEC ithonya elikhulu kumanani kawoyela omhlaba wonke ayekade enqunywa yiqembu elibizwa nge- "Seven Sisters" lezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe amaningi.  Ukwakhiwa kwe - OPEC kwaphawula ushintsho ekubuseni kwamazwe imithombo yemvelo, futhi izinqumo ze - OPEC ziye zaba nendima evelele emakethe kawoyela yomhlaba nasebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe. Umphumela ungaba namandla ngokukhethekile lapho izimpi noma iziyaluyalu zomphakathi ziholela ekuphazamisekeni kokuphakelwa isikhathi eside. Ngawo-1970, ukuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kwaholela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwamanani kawoyela kanye nemali engenayo nengcebo ye-OPEC, okwaba nemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside nefinyelela kude emnothweni womhlaba wonke. Ngawo-1980, i-OPEC yaqala ukubeka imigomo yokukhiqiza emazweni ayo angamalungu; ngokuvamile, lapho imigomo yehliswa, amanani kawoyela ayenyuka. Lokhu kwenzeke muva nje kusuka ezinqumweni zenhlangano zango-2008 nango-2016 zokunciphisa ukunikezwa ngokweqile.
Amalungu okuqala amahlanu eNhlangano Yamazwe Akhiqiza Uwoyela (OPEC) kwakungu-Iran, i-Iraq, iKuwait, iSaudi Arabia neVenezuela. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018, i-OPEC ngokusemthethweni inamazwe ayi-13 angamalungu.