Sikukhulisa kanjani ukuvota kwabavoti e-United States?
Ukubamba iqhaza kwabavoti e-United States kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo futhi, sekukonke, kuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe anentando yeningi. Kunezici ezingokomthetho nezingokwengqondo ezithinta ukuvota. Izici zesikhungo zihlanganisa izidingo zokubhalisa abavoti, isikhathi kanye nemvamisa yokhetho, indawo yezindawo zokuvota, kanye nobunzima bamavoti. Izici ezingokwengqondo zihlanganisa ukusebenza kwezombusazwe, intshisekelo nokuzibandakanya kwabavoti, nokuba yilungu leqembu lezombusazwe. Ukuvota kwabavoti e-United States kungandiswa, futhi ngizophakamisa izinguquko ezimbili ezilula ezizokhulisa ukuvota kwabavoti. Ngizophinde ngiphakamise enye inguquko eyinkimbinkimbi eyokwandisa kakhulu ukuvota kodwa kuyoba nzima ukuba ohulumeni bezifundazwe bayisebenzise. Kunezici eziningana ezingokwenhlangano ezinquma ukuvota kwabavoti. Njengoba izwe ngalinye linamandla okwenza ukhetho, lezi zinto ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamazwe. Ubunzima noma ubulula bokubhalisa abavoti kuyoba nomthelela ekuhambeni. IMinnesota inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvota elivumela ukubhaliswa kwabavoti ngosuku olufanayo, kuyilapho iTexas inezinga eliphansi lokuvota futhi inesidingo sezinsuku ezingu-30. Usuku nesikhathi okwenziwa ngaso ukhetho nakho kubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-U.S. kubanjwa ukhetho lukahulumeni ngoLwesibili ngoNovemba phakathi namahora okusebenza okunciphisa ukuvota kwabavoti. Ukuvama kokhetho kuyoba nethonya ekuvezweni kwabantu. Kunokhetho oluningi ngonyaka eU.S., futhi abavoti bakhathala bayeke ukuya okhethweni. Abavoti mancane namathuba okuba bavote uma bengenazo izindawo zokuvota eziseduze futhi okulula ukufinyelela kuzo. Izikole ziyizindawo zokuvota ezingcono kakhulu nezifinyeleleka kalula, kodwa e-U.S. kunokhetho ngoLwesibili, okulinganisela ukutholakala kwendawo yesikole nokupaka izimoto. Okokugcina, amavoti ayinkimbinkimbi anciphisa intshiseko futhi abe nomthelela omubi ekuvoteni kwabantu base-U.S. Kanye nezici ezingokomthetho, kunezici ezingokwengqondo ezilawula ukuvota. Enye yazo ukuphumelela kwezombangazwe okuchazwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala iwukusebenza kahle kwangaphakathi okuwukuthi ucabanga ukuthi uyakwazi kangakanani ukuqonda ezombusazwe. Eyesibili iwukusebenza kwangaphandle okuwukuthi uzizwa kahle kangakanani ukuthi uhlelo luyayiphendula yini into oyifakile. Ngokuyisisekelo, uma ucabanga ukuthi uhlakaniphe ngokwanele futhi ivoti lakho "libalulekile", unekhono eliphezulu futhi uthambekele ekuyeni okhethweni. Isici esilandelayo esingokwengqondo isithakazelo, okuyisilinganiso sokuthi unendaba kangakanani nezombangazwe. Uma ungenandaba, akunakwenzeka neze ukuthi uyovota. Isici sokugcina esingokwengqondo ubuqhwaga. Ingabe uyilungu leqembu lezombangazwe? Uma uthi yebo, cishe uyobe uvota ukuze usekele iqembu lakho. Ngokwesibalo sabantu abaneminyaka yokuvota, ukuvota e-U.S. cishe kungama-53%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-United States inenani eliphansi labavoti uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe anentando yeningi futhi ibeka i-United States endaweni yesikhombisa kusukela phansi uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe anentando yeningi angu-35. I - Australia inenani eliphakeme kakhulu labantu ababekhona, elingaphezu nje kuka - 90%. Isizathu sokubakhona kwabantu abaningi e-Australia ukuthi ukuvota kuphoqelekile, kunezinkokhelo kubantu abangavoti. "Ukuvota e-Australia kufana nephathi", usuku lokhetho luchazwa njenge-BBQ ezweni lonke nezindawo zokuvota ezifinyeleleka kalula ezibanjwa ngoMgqibelo. E-Australia, "Ukuphoqelela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele kule nqubo kwandisa ulwazi lwabo ngezindaba kanye nabaqokiwe", ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa intshisekelo yezepolitiki yase-Australia nokuzibandakanya. Ngokuphambene, ukuhlola okwenziwa eU.S. kusibonisa ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi abantu baseMelika abazi okuningi ngezombangazwe futhi abahilelekile noma abanasithakazelo kwezombangazwe. UConverse uthi abantu base-U.S. banamazinga aphansi okucindezelwa nemibono. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi abantu baseMelika abanamakhono amaningi kwezombangazwe. Ngokuvamile ukuvota kwabantu baseMelika kuphansi, kodwa ukuvota kwabantu abafanelekile (VEP) kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundazweni. IHawaii inabantu abambalwa kakhulu abakhetha ukungenela i-VEP, cishe bangu-43%. Ukuze kuqhathaniswe, izwe elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu labamemezeli be-VEP yiMinnesota, enenani elingamaphesenti angu-75. ITexas iza endaweni yesithathu isuka phansi ngamaphesenti angu-53. Ukwanda kokubamba iqhaza eMinnesota kuchazwa ngokuthi "ukufinyelela okulula ebhodini lokuvota", "umuzwa wokuba nesibopho sokuba yisakhamuzi", "izinga eliphakeme lemfundo engenayo nemali engenayo", kanye "nokuncintisana nokhetho oluthakazelisayo". Uma kuqhathaniswa, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani iHawaii iphansi kangaka ukuthi "kunzima ukubhalisa", ukungabi nandaba kwabavoti nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, futhi "yizwe elinenhlangano eyodwa". Le nhlanganisela yezici ezingokomthetho nezingokwengqondo, ezuzisayo eMinnesota, nelimaza eHawaii, inethonya elikhulu ekuveleni kombuso. Ngiphakamisa izixazululo ezimbili ezilula zokwandisa ukuvota kwabavoti. Eyokuqala kungaba ukuhambisa ukhetho ngempelasonto noma ukufuna ukuba izinkampani zinikeze abasebenzi usuku lokuphumula ukuze bavote. NgeSonto kuvame kakhulu ukuba kube nosuku lokhetho emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwase-United States. Ngikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungaba isici esizuzisayo esikhungweni esizokhulisa ukuvota ngoba iningi lamazwe linokuvota okuphezulu kune-United States. Ngeshwa, amathuba okuthi lokhu kwenzeke mancane njengoba iCongress iye yasikisela imithetho yokuhambisa ukhetho ngempelasonto noma ukuba neholide likahulumeni lokuvota, kodwa le mithetho ayikaze iphume emakomitini. Isixazululo sesibili esilula sasiyokhuluma ngesici sesikhungo sezidingo zokubhalisa ngokusebenzisa ukubhaliswa kwabavoti ngosuku olufanayo kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingu-50. IMinnesota ivumela ukubhaliswa ngosuku olufanayo, futhi inani labantu abavelayo licishe libe ngu-20% ngaphezulu kwelaseTexas, elingakuvumeli. Amazwe asebenzisa ukubhaliswa kwabavoti ngosuku olufanayo abone isilinganiso sokwanda okungu-5% kwabavoti ("Voter Same Day"). Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhwabanisa kwabavoti, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi umvoti akakavota kakade nokuhlola umazisi ovumelekile obonisa ukuthi umvoti ungumhlali wombuso noma wesifunda. Esinye isithiyo sokwenza inkohliso yokuvota kungaba izinhlawulo zobugebengu, kuhlanganise nesikhathi sokuboshwa kanye nezinhlawulo. Ukushaya umthetho esifundazweni ngasinye ukuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokulawula kungathatha isikhathi, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka njengoba okwamanje, izifundazwe ezingama-21 zivumela ukubhaliswa kokuvota ngosuku olufanayo ("Voter Same Day"). Isixazululo sesithathu engisiphakamisayo besizobhekana nezici eziningi ezingokwenhlangano. Lokhu kungaba inketho yokuvota nge-inthanethi/ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Iningi labantu baseMelika kulezi zinsuku linezingcingo eziphathwayo ezinokuxhumeka kwe-Internet. Labo abangenakho babeyobe besenazo zonke izindlela zokuvota ezikhona njengamanje, njengezindawo zokuvota nokuvota ngeposi. Ukuphepha nokuqinisekisa kwakuzohlanganisa i-blockchain (efana nobunikazi be-Bitcoin), i-biometrics, nokuqashelwa kobuso ubuhlakani bokufakelwa. Lapho ubhalisela ukuvota, i-ejensi yombuso izokwakha i-blockchain yakho yokuhlonza umvoti, iminwe, futhi ithathe i-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) ibalazwe le-3D lobuso bakho. Lobu buchwepheshe obuthathu buzoqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unevoti elilodwa. Futhi, lobu buchwepheshe butholakala kalula futhi, nakuba kunzima ukubusebenzisa, bungaletha izinzuzo eziningana kunesimiso sethu samanje sokuvota. Kwakuyosusa isidingo sezindawo zokubhala amavoti ezifanelekile, njengoba ungavota noma kuphi. Isikhathi sokhetho besingaba sihle, njengoba ubungase uvote ngesikhathi sekhefu lomsebenzi. Ukuvama kokhetho nakho bekungeke kube yinkinga ngoba bekungeke kudingeke ukuba uye endaweni yokuvota. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwevoti kungabhekwana nakho esicelweni, okuzovumela izixhumanisi ezibonisa izincazelo zabakhethiweyo nezinkinga. Nakuba inani labantu abavota e-United States liphansi uma liqhathaniswa namanye amazwe anentando yeningi, kunezindlela ezilula nezinkimbinkimbi ezingandisa ukuvota. Amazwe anezinga eliphakeme lokuvota kufanele abe yizibonelo kwamanye amazwe okufanele azilandele njengoba esebenzise izinguquko ezingokoqobo njengokubhaliswa kwabavoti ngosuku olufanayo. Khona-ke i-United States ingase ibheke kwamanye amazwe futhi yenze izixazululo ezinengqondo njengokuvota ngezimpelasonto noma ngamaholide okhetho. Ekugcineni, singasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuphepha nangomthwalo wemfanelo ukuze siholele ukuvota ekhulwini lama-21 futhi sisuse zonke izithiyo zokuvota ukuthi uhlelo lwethu olukhona lubeka phakathi komvoti nevoti.