Yisiphi isizukulwane uJiang angumholi oyinhloko waseChina
Context:UJiang Zemin[a] (17 Agasti 1926 <unk> 30 Novemba 2022) wayengusopolitiki waseChina owayekhonza njengonobhala jikelele weqembu lamaKhomanisi aseChina (CCP) kusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-2002, njengosihlalo weCentral Military Commission kusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-2004, nanjengoMongameli waseChina kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-2003. UJiang wayengumholi ophakeme waseChina kusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-2002. Wayengumholi oyinhloko wesizukulwane sesithathu sobuholi baseChina, omunye wabaholi abane abaphambili kanye noMao Zedong, uDeng Xiaoping noXi Jinping.  Wazalelwa eYangzhou, eJiangsu, uJiang wajoyina i-CCP ngesikhathi eseyunivesithi. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kwePeople's Republic of China ngo-1949, wathola ukuqeqeshwa eStalin Automobile Works eMoscow ngawo-1950, kamuva wabuyela eShanghai ngo-1962 ukuyokhonza ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene, kamuva wathunyelwa phakathi kuka-1970-1972 eRomania njengengxenye yethimba lochwepheshe ukusungula izitshalo zokukhiqiza imishini ezweni. Ngemuva kuka-1979, waqokwa njengephini likamongameli wamakhomishini amabili yiPhini likaNdunankulu uGu Mu ukuqapha izindawo ezikhethekile zezomnotho (SEZs) ezisanda kusungulwa. Waba yiphini likangqongqoshe woMnyango Wezimboni Ze-elekthronikhi osanda kusungulwa futhi waba yilungu leKomiti Ephakathi ye-CCP ngo-1982.  UJiang waqokwa njengosodolobha waseShanghai ngo-1985, kamuva wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba unobhala weqembu lamaKhomanisi, kanye nelungu le-CCP Politburo, ngo-1987. UJiang wafika emandleni ngokungalindelekile njengomuntu obambisene naye ngemuva kwemibhikisho yaseTiananmen Square kanye nokubulawa kwabantu ngo-1989, lapho ethatha isikhundla sikaZhao Ziyang njengonobhala jikelele we-CCP ngemuva kokuthi uZhao exoshwe ngenxa yokusekela kwakhe ukunyakaza kwabafundi. Njengoba ukubandakanyeka "Kwabadala Abayisishiyagalombili" kwezombusazwe zaseChina kwehla kancane kancane, uJiang waqinisa ukubamba kwakhe amandla ukuze abe "ngumholi ophakeme" ezweni phakathi neminyaka yama-1990s. [b] Enxuswa uhambo oluseningizimu lukaDeng Xiaoping ngo-1992, uJiang wethula ngokusemthethweni igama elithi "umnotho wemakethe yezenhlalo" enkulumweni yakhe ngesikhathi se-14th CCP National Congress eyabanjwa kamuva ngalowo nyaka, okusheshisa "ukuvulwa kanye nezinguquko".  Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaJiang, iChina yabhekana nokukhula okukhulu kwezomnotho ngokuqhubeka nokuguqulwa kwemakethe. Ukubuyiselwa kweHong Kong e-United Kingdom ngo-1997 kanye neMacau evela ePortugal ngo-1999, kanye nokungena kwe-World Trade Organisation ngo-2001, kwakuyizikhathi ezibalulekile zenkathi yakhe. IChina yaphinde yaba nobuhlobo obuhle nezwe langaphandle, kuyilapho iQembu LamaKhomanisi lalondoloza ukulawula kwalo ngokuqinile umbuso. UJiang wabhekana nokugxekwa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu, kuhlanganise nokucindezelwa kwenhlangano iFalun Gong. Iminikelo yakhe emfundisweni yeqembu, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Abameleli Abathathu", yabhalwa kumthethosisekelo we-CCP ngo-2002. UJiang kancane kancane wasusa iziqu zakhe zobuholi kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2005, waphumelela kulezi zindima nguHu Jintao, yize yena neqembu lakhe lezepolitiki baqhubeka nokuthonya izindaba kuze kube kamuva kakhulu. NgoNovemba 30, 2022, uJiang washona ngenxa ye-leukemia nokuhluleka kwezitho eziningi eShanghai.
Uyisizukulwane sesithathu sabaholi baseChina