Tsvaga kuti vanhu veIndus Valley Civilization vaiva vangani kubva mundima iyi
Context:Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), inozivikanwawo seIndus Civilization yaive Bronze Age budiriro munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSouth Asia, yakagara kubva 3300 BCE kusvika 1300 BCE, uye muchimiro chayo chakakura 2600 BCE kusvika 1900 BCE. Pamwe chete neEgipita yekare neMesopotamia, yakanga iri imwe yenzanga nhatu dzapakuvamba dzeNear East neSouth Asia, uye yevatatu, yakapararira zvikurusa. Nzvimbo dzayo dzaiva munzvimbo yakakura kubva kuPakistan, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfghanistan, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia. Nzanga yacho yakabudirira zvose zviri zviviri mumupata une mvura yakawanda weRwizi rweIndus, runopfuura nepakureba kwePakistan, uye pamwe chete negadziriro yenzizi dzisingaperi dzinodyiwa nemvura inonaya idzo dzaimboyerera munharaunda yeGhaggar-Hakra, rwizi rwomwaka muIndia yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero nePakistan yokumabvazuva.  Shoko rokuti Harappani dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa kutsika yeIndus pashure penzvimbo yaro yerudzi Harappa, yokutanga kucherwa pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 20 mune yaimbova nharaunda yePunjab yeBritish India uye zvino Punjab, Pakistan. Kuwanwa kweHarappa uye nokukurumidza pashure pacho Mohenjo-daro kwakanga kuri mugumo webasa iro rakanga ratanga pashure pokutanga kweArchaeological Survey yeIndia muBritish Raj muna 1861. Kwakanga kune tsika dzapakuvamba nedzapashure dzinonzi Early Harappan uye Late Harappan munharaunda imwe cheteyo. Tsika dzekare dzeHarappan dzaigara nevanhu vaibva muNeolithic cultures, yekare uye inonyatsozivikanwa ndeye Mehrgarh, muBalochistan, Pakistan. Nzanga yeHarappa dzimwe nguva inonzi Harappani Yakakura kuti iparadzanise netsika dzapakuvamba.  Maguta eIndus yekare aizivikanwa nokurongwa kwawo kwemaguta, dzimba dzezvidhina zvakabikwa, gadziriro dzakanakisisa dzokuyerera mvura, gadziriro dzokugovera mvura, mapoka ezvivako zvakakura zvisiri zvokugara, uye mitoo yokuita basa namaoko nesimbi. Mohenjo-daro neHarappa zvichida zvakakura kuva nevanhu vari pakati pe30 000 ne60 000, uye nzanga yacho ingangova yaiva nevanhu vari pakati pemiriyoni imwe nemakumi mashanu munguva yayo yaibudirira. Kuoma zvishoma nezvishoma kwenharaunda mukati memireniyumu yechitatu BCE kungave kwave kuri kukurudzira kwekutanga kwekugara kwayo mumaguta. Pakupedzisira kwakaderedzawo mvura yaigoverwa zvakakwana kukonzera kuparara kworudzi rwomunhu ndokuparadzira vagari varo kumabvazuva.  Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzinopfuura chiuru dzeHarappa dzakakura dzakataurwa uye dzinenge zana dzakacherwa, kune nzvimbo shanu huru dzemaguta: Mohenjo-daro muIndus Valley yepasi (yakaziviswa nzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage Site muna 1980 se "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa kumadokero kwePunjab, Ganeriwala muCholistan Desert, Dholavira kumadokero kweGujarat (yakaziviswa nzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage Site muna 2021 se "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), uye Rakhigarhi muHaryana. Mutauro weHarappa hauna kunyorwa zvakananga, uye kubatana kwawo hakusi chokwadi sezvo manyoro eIndus akaramba asina kunyorwa. Ukama nemhuri yemitauro yechiDravidian kana kuti Elamo-Dravidian hunofarirwa nechikamu chevadzidzi.
Indus Valley Civilization pamwero wayo wakakwirira yakanga ine chiverengero chavagari pakati pavanhu vane miriyoni imwe navashanu.