Ndiudzei zvandinoda kuziva pamusoro peDunning Kruger effect.
Context:Dunning-Kruger mhedzisiro ndeye kukanganisa kwekuziva uko vanhu vane hunyanzvi hwakaderera, hunyanzvi, kana ruzivo maererano nerumwe rudzi rwebasa kana nzvimbo yeruzivo vanowanzo kukoshesa kugona kwavo kana ruzivo. Vamwe vanzveri vanobatanidzawo muuyo wakasiyana nokuda kwavanobudirira zvikuru: muitiro wavo wokurerutsa mano avo. Mutsika dzakakurumbira, Dunning-Kruger mhedzisiro inowanzonzwisiswa zvisirizvo sekutaura pamusoro pekuzvivimba kwakanyanya kwevanhu vane huchenjeri hwakaderera pachinzvimbo chekuzvivimba kwakanyanya kwevanhu vasina hunyanzvi pane rimwe basa.  Dunning-Kruger effect inowanzoyerwa nokuenzanisa kuzviongorora nemwero wechinangwa chokubudirira. Somuenzaniso, vatori vechikamu munzvero vangakumbirwa kupedza bvunzo uye ipapo kufungidzira kuti vakaita zvakanaka sei. Iyi nzvero yomunhu oga inobva yaenzaniswa nokuita zvakanaka kwavakaita chaizvoizvo. Ikoku kunogona kuitika mumiganhu yakaenzana kana kuti yakakwana, ndiko kuti, mukuenzanisa neboka rezera romumwe somupesvedzero wevezera rakapfuura kana mukuenzanisa nemipimo yechinangwa senhamba yemibvunzo yakapindurwa zvakarurama. Dunning<unk>Kruger effect inooneka muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, asi inonyanya kutaurwa mumashoko akaenzana; chikamu chepasi chevatambi vanowanzozviona sechikamu chepamusoro chepamusoro. Kudzidza kwokutanga kwakabudiswa naDavid Dunning naJustin Kruger muna 1999. Yainyanya kutaura nezvokunzwisisa, mutauro, uye unyanzvi hwokukurukura nevamwe. Kubvira ipapo zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabasa, kusanganisira unyanzvi muminda yakadai sebhizimisi, zvematongerwe enyika, mushonga, kutyaira, kubhururuka, kuyeuka nzvimbo, kuongorora kuchikoro, uye kuverenga nokunyora.  Mienzaniso yakawanda yakataurwa kutsanangura zvinokonzera Dunning-Kruger effect. Muenzaniso wapakuvamba waDunning naKruger unotaura kuti kusava namano okuziva kunoparira. Iyi rondedzero yakavakirwa papfungwa yokuti vanoita zvisina kunaka havasati vawana mano okusiyanisa pakati pezviito zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Vanowanzozvikudza nokuti havaoni musiyano uri pakati pemabasa avo nemabasa evamwe. Ikoku kwakanziwo "nhoroondo yomutoro miviri" sezvo kusava namano kuchibatanidzwa nokusaziva kwokushayikwa uku. Vamwe vanzveri vanobatanidza rutivi rwemetacognitive sorutivi rwokutsanangurwa kweDunning<unk>Kruger mugumisiro uye kwete sokutsanangurwa kwakasiyana nawo. Vanzveri vakasiana-siana vakatsoropodza muenzaniso we metacognitive ndokuronga dzimwe tsananguro. Maererano nomuenzaniso wezvokuverenga, mugumisiro wezvokuverenga unozivikanwa sokudzokera shure kunorehwa nepakati pamwe chete nokufunga kwokuziva kunozivikanwa somugumisiro uri nani-kupfuura-pakati ndiwo unotungamirira kuwanwa kwokuedza. Muenzaniso unonzwisisika unotaura kuti zvitendero zvapakuvamba zvakaisvonaka pamusoro pamano omunhu amene ndiwo manyuko okuzviongorora kwokunyepa. Imwe tsananguro inoti kuzviongorora kwakaoma zvikuru uye kune zvikanganiso zvevaya vanoshanda zvishoma nokuti vakawanda vavo vane unyanzvi hwakafanana. Chimwe chimiro chinoona kushayikwa kwechinokurudzira kupa kuzvinzvera kwakarurama sechinhu chinokonzera mhosho.  Dunning-Kruger effect yakatsanangurwa seyakakodzera pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda, asi kusawirirana kuripo pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwayo. Kuzvitarisira pasi kusina kururama kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vaite zvisarudzo zvakaipa, zvakadai sokusarudza basa ravasingakwanisi kuita kana kuti kuita zvinhu zvine ngozi. Kunogonawo kudzivisa vanotapurwa kubva mukugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvavo kuti vazvivandudze. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuzvivimba kwakanyanyisa kunobatanidzwa kungava nemigumisiro yakanaka, yakadai sokuwedzera vavariro nesimba.
Dunning-Kruger effect inoreva tsika yokuti vanhu vanonyanyisa kukoshesa mano avo okuita basa rakati, zvikurukuru kana vasina unyanzvi hwakakwana mubasa iroro. Kutsvakurudza kwakafanana kunoratidza kuti zvinopesana ndezvechokwadiwo; vanhu vane unyanzvi hwakanaka vanowanzokoshesa mano avo. Mhedzisiro yacho yakasimbiswa kuburikidza neongororo dzinoverengeka dzinosanganisira unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana, kunyange zvazvo chikonzero chemhedzisiro yacho chichiri nyaya yekukakavadzana. Nenzira yakafanana, migumisiro inoshanda yemigumisiro inogona kukakavadzana, sezvo kuvimba kwakanyanya kunobva pakuzviongorora kusina kururama kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka uye yakaipa.