Iyini iVenezuela?
Context:IVenezuela (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; American Spanish: [beneˈswela] (listen)), ngokusemthethweni yiRiphabhulikhi yaseBolivarian yaseVenezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, eliqukethe izwe elikhulu kanye neziqhingi eziningi kanye neziqhingi oLwandle lweCaribbean. Inendawo engamakhilomitha angama-916,445 (353,841 sq mi), futhi inani labantu bayo lalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-29 ngo-2022. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke iCaracas.
IVenezuela (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; American Spanish: [beneˈswela] (listen)), ngokusemthethweni yiRiphabhulikhi yaseBolivarian yaseVenezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, eliqukethe izwe elikhulu kanye neziqhingi eziningi kanye neziqhingi oLwandle lweCaribbean. Inendawo engamakhilomitha angama-916,445 (353,841 sq mi), futhi inani labantu bayo lalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-29 ngo-2022. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke iCaracas.  Insimu yezwekazi igudle iCaribbean Sea ne-Atlantic Ocean ngasenyakatho, iColombia entshonalanga, iBrazil eningizimu, iTrinidad neTobago enyakatho-mpumalanga neGuyana empumalanga. Uhulumeni waseVenezuela ugcina isimangalo ngokumelene neGuyana eGuyana Esequiba. IVenezuela iyiriphabhulikhi yomongameli ebumbene eyakhiwe yizifundazwe ezingama-23, iDistrict Capital kanye nokuncika kombuso okuhlanganisa iziqhingi zaseVenezuela ezingaphesheya kwezilwandle. IVenezuela iphakathi kwamazwe asezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kakhulu eLatin America; iningi labantu baseVenezuela lihlala emadolobheni asenyakatho nasenhlokodolobha.  Insimu yaseVenezuela yathunjwa yiSpain ngo-1522 ngenxa yokumelana kwabantu bomdabu. Ngo-1811, yaba enye yezindawo zokuqala zaseSpain-America ukumemezela ukuzimela kweSpain futhi yakha ingxenye, njengesifunda, seRiphabhulikhi yokuqala yaseColombia (ngokomlando eyaziwa njengeGran Colombia). Lazihlukanisa njengombuso ogcwele ubukhosi ngo-1830. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka, iVenezuela yabhekana nezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe nokubusa kobushiqela, yaqhubeka ibuswa abacindezeli bezempi besifunda kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Kusukela ngo-1958, leli zwe liye laba nohulumeni abahlukahlukene ababuswa ngentando yeningi, ngaphandle kwalapho ingxenye enkulu yesifunda yayibuswa imibuso yobushiqela yezempi, futhi le nkathi yayibonakala ngokuchuma kwezomnotho. Ukushaqeka kwezomnotho ngawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990 kwaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezombusazwe kanye nokungazinzi komphakathi okwandile, okubandakanya izibhelu ezibulalayo zaseCaracazo zango-1989, imizamo emibili yokuvukela umbuso ngo-1992, kanye nokumiswa koMongameli ngamacala okuqola izimali zomphakathi ngo-1993. Ukuwa kokwethenjwa kwamaqembu akhona kwabona ukhetho lukamongameli waseVenezuela lwango-1998, okwakuyisikhuthazi seNguquko kaBolivari, eyaqala ngo-1999 nge-Constituent Assembly, lapho kwabekwa khona uMthethosisekelo omusha waseVenezuela. Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zokuvikela inhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle zaqiniswa ukukhuphuka kwamanani kawoyela, okwandisa okwesikhashana ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezenhlalakahle, nokunciphisa ukungalingani kwezomnotho nobuphofu eminyakeni yokuqala yombuso. Nokho, ubumpofu baqala ukwanda ngawo-2010. Ukhetho lukamongameli lwaseVenezuela lwango-2013 lwaluphikisana kakhulu, lwaholela ekubhikishweni okubanzi, okwaqala enye inhlekelele ezweni lonke eqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. IVenezuela iye yabhekana nokuhlehla kwentando yeningi, yaguqukela ekubeni umbuso wobushiqela. Linezinga eliphansi emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe yenkululeko yabezindaba nenkululeko yomphakathi futhi linamazinga aphezulu okonakala okucatshangwayo.  IVenezuela iyizwe elisathuthuka futhi isendaweni engu-113 kuHuman Development Index. Linemithombo kawoyela eyaziwayo emikhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni futhi liye laba ngomunye wabathumela uwoyela emazweni angaphandle abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngaphambili, leli zwe lalingumthengisi ongathuthukile wezimpahla zezolimo ezinjengekhofi nekhokho, kodwa ngokushesha uwoyela waba yinto eyinhloko ekuthengisweni nasekungenisweni kwemali nguhulumeni. Ukweqisa nezinqubomgomo ezimbi zikahulumeni okhona kwaholela ekuwohlokeni komnotho waseVenezuela wonke. Leli zwe libhekene nokwehla kwamandla emali okudlulele, ukuntuleka kwezimpahla eziyisisekelo, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ubumpofu, izifo, izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwezingane, ukungondleki kahle, ubugebengu obukhulu nenkohlakalo. Lezi zici ziye zasheshisa isimo esibucayi sababaleki baseVenezuela lapho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu sebebaleke khona kuleli zwe. Ngo-2017, i-Venezuela kwathiwa ayizange ikwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ngama-ejensi okuhlola ikhredithi. Inkinga yaseVenezuela iye yaba nomthelela ekuwohlokeni ngokushesha kwesimo samalungelo abantu, okubandakanya ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa okufana nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuboshwa ngokungafanele, ukubulawa ngaphandle kwecala nokuhlaselwa kwabameleli bamalungelo abantu. IVenezuela iyilungu lomqulu le-UN, i-Organisation of American States (OAS), i-Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), i-ALBA, iMercosur, i-Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe Zase-Ibero-American (OEI).