Ziyini izigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo?
Context:Umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo  Isihloko Khuluma Ukufunda Hlela Buka umlando  Amathuluzi Kusuka kuWikipedia, i-encyclopedia yamahhala Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo. Ukuze uthole inqubo yokuxhumana yekhompyutha ye-IBM, bheka i-Synchronous Data Link Control.  Imodeli yomjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, egcizelela isigaba sokugcina Kwezobunjiniyela bezinhlelo, izinhlelo zolwazi kanye nobunjiniyela be-software, umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo (SDLC), obizwa nangokuthi umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo, inqubo yokuhlela, ukudala, ukuhlola, nokuthumela uhlelo lolwazi. Umqondo we-SDLC usebenza ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hardware ne-software, njengoba uhlelo lungahlanganiswa ne-hardware kuphela, isoftware kuphela, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ngokuvamile kunezinyathelo eziyisithupha kulo mjikelezo: ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo, ukwakhiwa, ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa, ukuqaliswa, imibhalo nokuhlolwa.  Ukubuka konke Umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo wakhiwe ngezigaba zomsebenzi ezihlukile ezisetshenziswa onjiniyela bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi bezinhlelo ukuletha izinhlelo zolwazi. Njenganoma yini ekhiqizwa kulayini wokuhlanganisa, i-SDLC ihlose ukukhiqiza amasistimu asezingeni eliphakeme ahlangabezana noma adlule okulindelwe, ngokususelwa kuzidingo, ngokuletha amasistimu ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka zesikhathi ezihleliwe nezilinganiso zezindleko. Izinhlelo zama-computer ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile zixhuma izingxenye ezinemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-SDLC sezenziwe, njenge-waterfall, i-spiral, i-agile, i-prototyping esheshayo, eyengeziwe, kanye nokuvumelanisa nokuzinzisa.  Izindlela ze-SDLC zihambisana nohla lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezisukela kokuguquguqukayo kuya kokulandelanayo kuya kokulandelanayo. Izindlela ze-Agile, njenge-XP ne-Scrum, zigxile ezinqubweni ezilula ezivumela izinguquko ezisheshayo. Izindlela zokuphindaphinda, ezinjenge-Rational Unified Process kanye nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezinamandla, zigxile ekusimamiseni ububanzi bephrojekthi nokukhulisa noma ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Imodeli ye-sequential noma enkulu-design-up-front (BDUF), efana ne-waterfall, igxile ekuhleleni okuphelele nokulungile ukuqondisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu futhi anciphise ubungozi emiphumeleni ephumelelayo futhi engabikezelwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Anamorphic kuqondiswa ububanzi bephrojekthi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.  Ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi iphrojekthi ingafaka kokubili umjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi (i-PLC) kanye ne-SDLC, lapho kwenzeka khona imisebenzi ehluke ngandlela thile. Ngokusho kukaTaylor (2004), "umjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi uhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yephrojekthi, kuyilapho umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ugxile ekuboneni izidingo zomkhiqizo".  I-SDLC akuyona indlela ngokwayo, kodwa kunalokho incazelo yezigaba okufanele iqondiswe yindlela. Uhlu lwezigaba aluphelele, kodwa ngokuvamile luhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuhlaziya, ukuklama, ukwakha, ukuhlola, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokugcinwa / ukwesekwa. Esikhathini sohlaka lwe-Scrum, ngokwesibonelo, umuntu angasho ukuthi indaba eyodwa yomsebenzisi idlula kuzo zonke izigaba ze-SDLC kungakapheli amaviki amabili. Ngokuphambene nalokho, indlela yokuphuma kwamanzi, lapho zonke izidingo zebhizinisi [izingcaphuno ezidingekayo] zihunyushelwa ekuchazeni isici / ukusebenza okuthi konke kusetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile esikhathini sezinyanga noma ngaphezulu. [izingcaphuno ezidingekayo]  Umlando Ngokusho kuka-Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), i-SDLC "yaqala ngawo-1960, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zebhizinisi ezisebenza ngezinga elikhulu ngesikhathi sezinhlangano zamabhizinisi ezinkulu. Imisebenzi yezinhlelo zezokwaziswa yayizungeza ukucubungula okukhulu kwedatha nemikhuba yokucubungula izinombolo".  Indlela ehlelekile yokuhlaziya kanye nokuklama izinhlelo (i-SSADM) yakhiqizwa iHhovisi likaHulumeni wase-UK loHulumeni wezoHwebo ngawo-1980. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngokusho kuka-Elliott (2004), "izindlela zokuphila zendabuko zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ziye zathathelwa indawo izindlela nezinye izindlela nezinhlaka, ezizama ukunqoba okunye ukushiyeka okuyingxenye ye-SDLC yendabuko".  Amamodeli  Inguqulo enezigaba eziyishumi yomjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo I-SDLC inikeza isethi yezigaba/izinyathelo/imisebenzi okumele ilandelwe abaklami bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi. Isigaba ngasinye sakha phezu kwemiphumela yesigaba esandulele. Akuwona wonke amaphrojekthi adinga izigaba ezilandelanayo. Kumaphrojekthi amancane, alula, izigaba zingase zihlanganiswe/zigqagqane.  Izimpophoma Imodeli endala kunazo zonke futhi eyaziwa kakhulu iyimodeli yempophoma, esebenzisa ukulandelana kwezinyathelo okuqondile. I-waterfall inezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Olunye uhlobo lunjengokulandelayo:  Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala Yenza ukuhlaziywa kokuqala, cabangela ezinye izindlela, ulinganise izindleko nezinzuzo, bese wethula uhlelo lokuqala olunokuncomela.  Yenza ukuhlaziywa kokuqala: Thola izinhloso zenhlangano futhi uchaze uhlobo nobubanzi bephrojekthi. Qinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ihambisana nezinhloso. Cabangela ezinye izixazululo: Ezinye izixazululo zingase zivele ngokuxoxisana nabasebenzi, amakhasimende, abahlinzeki, nabeluleki, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuncintisana. Ukuhlaziya izindleko nezinzuzo: Hlaziya izindleko nezinzuzo zephrojekthi. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlelo, ukuchazwa kwezidingo Hlukanisa imigomo yephrojekthi[clarification needed] ibe imisebenzi nemisebenzi echaziwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqoqa nokuchaza amaqiniso, ukuthola izinkinga, nokuncoma izinguquko. Ukuhlaziya izidingo zolwazi lomsebenzisi wokugcina nokuxazulula ukungahambisani nokungapheleli:  Ukuqoqa amaqiniso: Thola izidingo zomsebenzisi wokugcina ngokubuyekeza imibhalo, izingxoxo namakhasimende, ukubuka, kanye nemibuzo. Hlola uhlelo olukhona: Thola izinzuzo nezinkinga. Hlaziya uhlelo oluhlongozwayo: Thola izixazululo zezinkinga bese ulungiselela imininingwane, ufaka iziphakamiso ezifanele zabasebenzisi. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo Kulesi sinyathelo, izici ezifiselekayo nemisebenzi zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe, kufaka phakathi ukuhlelwa kwesikrini, imithetho yebhizinisi, imidwebo yenqubo, i-pseudocode, nokunye okulethwayo.  Ukuthuthukiswa Bhala ikhodi.  Ukuhlanganisa nokuhlola Hlanganisa amamojuli endaweni yokuhlola. Hlola amaphutha, izimbungulu, nokusebenzisana.  Ukwamukelwa, ukufakwa, ukusetshenziswa Faka uhlelo ekukhiqizeni. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuqeqesha abasebenzisi, ukusebenzisa i-hardware, nokulayisha ulwazi oluvela ohlelweni lwangaphambili.  Ukugcinwa Hlola uhlelo ukuze uhlole ukufaneleka kwalo okuqhubekayo. Yenza izinguquko ezincane uma kudingeka.  Ukuhlola Uhlelo nenqubo kuyabuyekezwa. Imibuzo efanele ifaka phakathi ukuthi ngabe uhlelo olusanda kufakwa luhlangabezana nezidingo futhi lufinyelela imigomo yephrojekthi, ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lungasetshenziswa, luthembekile/luyatholakala, lukhuliswe kahle futhi lubekezelela amaphutha. Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo kuhlanganisa ukubuyekeza imigqa yesikhathi nezindleko, kanye nokwamukelwa komsebenzisi.  Ukulahla Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphila, kwenziwa izinhlelo zokuyeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo bese kusetshenziswa olunye esikhundleni salo. Ulwazi oluhlobene nengqalasizinda kufanele lusetshenziswe kabusha, lufakwe kungobo yomlando, lulahlwe, noma lubhujiswe, kuyilapho kuvikelwa ngokuphepha.  Kulesi sibalo esilandelayo, lezi zigaba ze-IT zihlukaniswe zaba izigaba eziyishumi, kusukela ekuchazeni kuya ekwakhiweni nasekuguqulweni kwemikhiqizo yomsebenzi we-IT:  Ukuhlaziywa nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo Ukuhlaziywa kanye nokuklanywa kwezinhlelo (i-SAD) kungabhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa kwe-meta, okusiza ukubeka isigaba futhi ubophe inkinga. I-SAD ingasiza ekulinganiseni izidingo ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziphikisanayo. I-SAD isebenzisana ne-enterprise architecture esatshalaliswe, i-enterprise I.T. Architecture, kanye ne-business architecture, futhi incike kakhulu emiqondweni efana nokuhlukanisa, izixhumi, abantu kanye nendima, kanye nokuthumela / ukumodeliswa kokusebenza ukufinyelela ekuchazeni uhlelo lwezinga eliphezulu. Le ncazelo esezingeni eliphakeme bese yehlukaniswa yaba izingxenye namamojula angahlolwe, aklanywe, futhi akhiwe ngokwehlukana futhi ahlanganiswe ukufeza inhloso yebhizinisi. I-SDLC ne-SAD ziyizisekelo zokuhlelwa komkhiqizo nomjikelezo wokuphila okuphelele.  Ukuhlaziywa nokwakhiwa okuqondiswe entweni Ukuhlaziywa okuqondiswe entweni nokuklanywa (OOAD) inqubo yokuhlaziya isizinda senkinga ukuthuthukisa imodeli yomqondo engasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa. Phakathi nesigaba sokuhlaziya, umhleli wezinhlelo usungula izidingo ezibhaliwe nedokhumenti yombono esemthethweni ngokuxoxisana nababambiqhaza.  Imodeli yomqondo evela ku-OOAD ngokuvamile iqukethe amacala okusetshenziswa, kanye nemidwebo yeklasi nokuxhumana. Ingase futhi ifake i-interface yomsebenzisi.  I-artifact okukhiphayo akudingeki ichazwe ngokuphelele ukuze isebenze njengokufakwa kokuklanywa okuqondiswe entweni; ukuhlaziywa nokuklanywa kungenzeka ngokufana. Eqinisweni imiphumela yomsebenzi owodwa ingondla omunye inqubo ephindaphindwayo.  Ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile zokungeniswa kwe-OOAD:  Imodeli yomqondo: Imodeli yomqondo iwumphumela wokuhlaziywa okuqondiswe entweni. Ibamba imiqondo emkhakheni wezinkinga. Imodeli yomqondo ngokucacile ayixhomekile emininingwaneni yokuqalisa. Amacala okusetshenziswa: Icala lokusetshenziswa liyincazelo yokulandelana kwezenzakalo okuthi, uma kuhlanganiswa, kuqedele umsebenzi odingekayo. Icala ngalinye lokusebenzisa linikeza izimo ezibonisa ukuthi uhlelo kufanele lusebenzisane kanjani nabalingisi (abasebenzisi). Abalingisi bangaba abasebenzisi bokugcina noma ezinye izinhlelo. Amacala okusetshenziswa angathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa imidwebo. Imidwebo enjalo ikhomba umenzi nezinqubo azenzayo. I-System Sequence Diagram: I-System Sequence diagram (SSD) isithombe esibonisa, esimweni sokusetshenziswa esithile, izehlakalo ezenziwa ngabadlali, ukulandelana kwazo, kufaka phakathi izehlakalo eziphakathi kohlelo. Idokhumenti yesikhombimsebenzisi: Idokhumenti ekhombisa futhi echaza isikhombimsebenzisi. Imodeli yedatha: Imodeli yedatha ichaza ukuthi izakhi zedatha zihlobana kanjani. Imodeli yedatha yakhiwa ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuklama. Imiklamo eqondiswe ezintweni ivela ngokuqondile kumodeli yedatha. Imiklamo ephathelene nobudlelwane ihilela okwengeziwe. Umjikelezo wokuphila wesistimu Umjikelezo wempilo yohlelo uwumbono wohlelo noma uhlelo oluhlongozwayo olubheka zonke izigaba zokuphila kwalo ukufaka umqondo wohlelo, ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqizwa kanye / noma ukwakhiwa, ukusatshalaliswa, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa nokusekelwa, umhlalaphansi, ukuphuma, nokulahlwa.  Umklamo womqondo Isigaba sokuklama umqondo yisigaba lapho kuhlolwa khona isidingo esibonisiwe, kucaciswa izidingo zezixazululo ezingaba khona, kuhlolwe izixazululo ezingaba khona, futhi kuthuthukiswe imininingwane yohlelo. Ukucaciswa kwesistimu kumelela izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezizohlinzeka ngesiqondiso esiphelele sokwakhiwa kwesistimu. Ngenxa yokuthi le dokhumenti inquma konke ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo, lesi sigaba asikwazi ukuqedwa kuze kube yilapho ukubuyekezwa komklamo womqondo kunqume ukuthi imininingwane yohlelo ikhuluma kahle ngesidingo esishukumisayo.  Izinyathelo ezibalulekile esigabeni sokuklama umqondo zihlanganisa:  Kudingeka ukuhlonza Ukuhlaziywa kokwenzeka Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo zesistimu Ukucaciswa kwesistimu Ukubuyekezwa komklamo womqondo Ukwakhiwa kohlelo okuyisisekelo Phakathi nalesi sigaba somjikelezo wokuphila kohlelo, izinhlelo ezingaphansi ezenza imisebenzi yohlelo oyifunayo zenzelwe futhi zichazwe ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa kohlelo. Izixhumanisi phakathi kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi zichaziwe, kanye nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola nokuhlola. Ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba, kukhiqizwa imininingwane yokuthuthukiswa eyanele ukwenza ukwakheka okuningiliziwe nokuthuthukiswa.  Izinyathelo ezibalulekile esigabeni sokuklama okuyisisekelo zihlanganisa:  Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza Ukwabiwa kwezidingo Izifundo eziningiliziwe zokuhwebelana Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinketho zohlelo Ukwakhiwa kokuqala kwamamodeli wobunjiniyela Ukucaciswa kokuthuthukiswa Ukubuyekezwa kokuqala komklamo Ngokwesibonelo, njengomhlaziyi wezinhlelo weViti Bank, uye wathunywa ukuba uhlole uhlelo lwamanje lolwazi. IViti Bank iyibhange elikhula ngokushesha eFiji. Amakhasimende asezindaweni ezikude zasemakhaya athola ubunzima bokuthola izinsiza zebhange. Kuthatha izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto ukuba bahambe baye endaweni ethile ukuze bathole izinsizakalo zasebhange. Ngombono wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende, ibhange licele izinsizakalo zakho ukuze uhlole uhlelo lwamanje futhi uthole izixazululo noma izincomo zokuthi uhlelo lwamanje lungahlinzekwa kanjani ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo zalo.  Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa okuningiliziwe Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo eningiliziwe eletha umsebenzi wokuqala wokuklama ube uhlobo oluphelele lwezincazelo. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukucaciswa kwezixhumanisi phakathi kwesistimu nendawo yayo ehlosiwe, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinhlelo zezinhlelo, ukugcinwa kanye nezidingo zokusekela. Umklamo nokuthuthukiswa kwemininingwane kuwumthwalo wokukhiqiza imikhiqizo, inqubo kanye nemininingwane yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokucaciswa kokuthuthukiswa.  Izinyathelo ezibalulekile esigabeni sokuklama nokuthuthukisa imininingwane zihlanganisa:  Umklamo onemininingwane Ukuhlanganiswa okuningiliziwe Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli wobunjiniyela kanye nama-prototype Ukubuyekezwa kokucaciswa kokuthuthukiswa Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo, inqubo, nezinto zokwakha Ukubuyekezwa kokuklanywa okubucayi Ukukhiqiza nokwakha Phakathi nesigaba sokukhiqiza kanye/noma sokwakha umkhiqizo wakhiwa noma uhlanganiswe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezichazwe kuzimpawu zomkhiqizo, inqubo kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi usetshenziswe futhi uhlolwe ngaphakathi kwendawo okuhloswe ngayo ukusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe ukushiyeka futhi kulungiswe uhlelo ukuze luqhubeke nokuthuthuka.  Izinyathelo ezibalulekile esigabeni sokwakhiwa komkhiqizo zihlanganisa:  Ukukhiqizwa kanye/noma ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye zesistimu Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa Ukusatshalaliswa kwesistimu nokusebenza Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kokusebenza Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu Ukusetshenziswa nokusekelwa Uma sekusetshenziswe ngokugcwele, uhlelo lusetshenziselwa umsebenzi walo ohlosiwe futhi lugcinwe endaweni yalo yokusebenza.  Izinyathelo ezibalulekile esigabeni sokusetshenziswa nokusekelwa zihlanganisa:  Ukusebenza kohlelo endaweni yomsebenzisi Ukuphathwa kwezinguquko Ukuguqulwa kwesistimu ukuze kuthuthukiswe Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu Ukususwa nokulahlwa Ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kohlelo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umkhiqizo usuyitholile nini impilo yawo esebenzayo. Ukucatshangelwa kuhlanganisa: Ukuqhubeka kokubakhona kwesidingo sokusebenza, ukufanisa phakathi kwezidingo zokusebenza nokusebenza kwesistimu, ukwenzeka kokukhishwa kwesistimu kuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa, kanye nokutholakala kwezinhlelo ezihlukile.  Izigaba  Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa uhlu lwezikhombo, ukufundwa okuhlobene, noma izixhumanisi zangaphandle, kodwa imithombo yayo ihlala ingacacile ngoba ayinazo izingcaphuno ezisemgqeni. Sicela usize ukuthuthukisa lesi sigaba ngokwethula izingcaphuno eziqondile. (Januwari 2023) (Funda ukuthi ungayisusa kanjani futhi nini le miyalezo eyisampula) Ukuphenya uhlelo Phakathi nalesi sinyathelo, kucatshangelwa izinto eziza kuqala njengamanje ezingathinteka nokuthi kufanele ziphathwe kanjani. Ucwaningo lokuhlola luyonquma ukuthi kulungile yini ukudala uhlelo olusha noma oluthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kusiza ukulinganisa izindleko, izinzuzo, izidingo zemithombo, nezidingo ezithile zabasebenzisi.  Ucwaningo lokwenzeka kufanele lubhekelele izici zokusebenza, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomuntu, kanye nezinkinga zomthetho/zepolitiki.  Ukuhlaziywa Umgomo wokuhlaziya ukuthola ukuthi inkinga ikuphi. Lesi sinyathelo sihilela ukuhlukanisa uhlelo lube izingcezu, ukuhlaziya imigomo yephrojekthi, ukuhlukanisa lokho okudingeka kwenziwe, nokubandakanya abasebenzisi ukuchaza izidingo.  Umklamo Ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo, imisebenzi nemisebenzi ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlelwa kwesikrini, imithetho yebhizinisi, imidwebo yenqubo, neminye imibhalo. Umklamo we-modular unciphisa ubunzima futhi uvumela okukhiphayo ukuchaza uhlelo njengokuqoqwa kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi.  Isigaba sokuklama sithatha njengokokufaka izidingo esezichaziwe. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemfuneko ngayinye, kwenziwa isethi yezakhi zokwakha.  Imibhalo yokwakha ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imidwebo yezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuhlelwa kwesikrini, imithetho yebhizinisi, imidwebo yenqubo, i-pseudo-code, kanye nemodeli yedatha ephelele enesichazamazwi sedatha. Lezi zinto zichaza uhlelo ngokuningiliziwe ngokwanele ukuthi abathuthukisi kanye nonjiniyela bangathuthukisa futhi banikeze uhlelo ngokufaka okuncane okungeziwe.  Ukuhlola Ikhodi ihlolwa emazingeni ahlukahlukene ekuhlolweni kwesofthiwe. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kweyunithi, uhlelo, kanye nomsebenzisi. Kuye kwasetshenziswa izindlela eziningi zokuhlola.  Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlola zingase zifaneleke:  Ukuhlolwa komzila Ukuhlolwa kweqoqo lemininingwane Ukuhlolwa kweyunithi Ukuhlola uhlelo Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa Ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimnyama Ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi elimhlophe Ukuhlolwa kokuhlehla Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa komsebenzisi Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesofthiwe Ukuqeqeshwa nokuguqulwa Uma uhlelo selusungulwe ngokuhlolwa, i-SDLC iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okufanelekile kulungiselelwe futhi kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuguqula uhlelo ukusekela abasebenzi nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Ukuqeqeshwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokusebenza kwabasebenzi bokusekela kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzisi bokugcina.  Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, onjiniyela bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi bashintshela uhlelo endaweni yalo yokukhiqiza.  Ukusebenza nokugcinwa Ukugcinwa kuhlanganisa izinguquko, ukulungiswa, nokuthuthukiswa.  Ukuhlola Isigaba sokugcina se-SDLC ukulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo nokuhlola ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka.  Umjikelezo wokuphila Ukuphathwa nokulawulwa  Izigaba ze-SDLC ezihlobene nezilawuli zokuphatha Izinhloso zesigaba se-SDLC zichazwe kulesi sigaba kanye nemiphumela eyinhloko, incazelo yemisebenzi enconyiwe, kanye nesifinyezo sezinhloso zokulawula ezihlobene nokuphathwa ngempumelelo. Kubalulekile kumphathi wephrojekthi ukusungula nokuqapha imigomo yokulawula ngesikhathi kwenziwa amaphrojekthi. Izinhloso zokulawula ziyizitatimende ezicacile zomphumela noma inhloso oyifunayo futhi kufanele zichazwe futhi ziqashwe kulo lonke iphrojekthi. Izinhloso zokulawula zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinkulu (izindawo), futhi zihlobene nezigaba ze-SDLC njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.  Ukuphatha nokulawula isinyathelo esibalulekile se-SDLC, isakhiwo sokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi (i-WBS) sibamba futhi sihlele umsebenzi. I-WBS nayo yonke imibhalo yohlelo kufanele igcinwe esigabeni esithi "incazelo yephrojekthi" yencwajana yephrojekthi. Umphathi wephrojekthi ukhetha ifomethi ye-WBS echaza kangcono iphrojekthi.  Umdwebo ubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kuhlanganisa izigaba eziningi ze-SDLC kodwa i-MCD ehambisanayo [ukucaciswa okudingekayo] ikhombisa ukufaniswa kwezigaba ze-SDLC. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokwakhiwa kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko njengengxenye ye-Acquisition and Implementation Domain, futhi i-System Build ne-Prototype yenziwa ngokuyinhloko njengengxenye yokulethwa nokusekelwa.  Inhlangano ehlelekile yokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi  Isakhiwo sokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi Ingxenye engenhla ye-WBS inikeza ukubuka konke kokuqukethwe kwephrojekthi kanye nesikhathi. Kufanele futhi ifingqe izigaba eziyinhloko nezenzakalo ezibalulekile. Isigaba esiphakathi sisekelwe ezigabeni ze-SDLC. Izingxenye ze-WBS zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezibalulekile nemisebenzi okumelwe igcwaliswe kunemisebenzi okumelwe yenziwe futhi ibe nesikhathi esibekiwe. Umsebenzi ngamunye unemiphumela elinganisekayo (isib., idokhumenti yokuhlaziya). Umsebenzi we-WBS uncike emsebenzini owodwa noma ngaphezulu (isibonelo, ukufaka amakhodi). Izingxenye zephrojekthi ezidinga ukwesekwa ngabakontraka kufanele zibe nesitatimende somsebenzi (SOW). Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SOW akwenzeki esigabeni esithile se-SDLC kodwa kuthuthukiswa ukufaka umsebenzi ovela kwinqubo ye-SDLC engaqhutshwa ngabakontraka.  Imigqa yokuqala Imigqa eyisisekelo isungulwe ngemuva kwezigaba ezine kwezihlanu ze-SDLC, futhi ibalulekile ebuntwini obuphindaphindwayo bemodeli. Imigqa eyisisekelo iba yizinto ezibalulekile.  isisekelo sokusebenza: esakhiwe ngemuva kwesigaba sokuklama. isisekelo esabelwe: esakhiwe ngemuva kwesigaba sokuklama sokuqala. Isisekelo somkhiqizo: esungulwe ngemuva kwesigaba sokuklama nokuthuthukisa imininingwane. isisekelo somkhiqizo esibuyekeziwe: esakhiwe ngemuva kwesigaba sokwakhiwa kokukhiqizwa.
Kunezigaba ezingu-7 emjikelezweni wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo. Ziyi-system investigation, Analysis, Design, Testing, Training and transition, Operations and maintenance and Evaluation