Iyini i-pleitropy?
I-Pleiotropy yenzeka lapho ufuzo olulodwa luthinta izici ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-phenotypic ezibonakala zingahlobene. Ufuzo olunjalo olubonisa ukubonakaliswa kwezinto eziningi lubizwa ngokuthi ufuzo lwe-pleiotropic. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-pleiotropic kungaba nomthelela ezicini eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokufaka amakhodi kofuzo lomkhiqizo osetshenziswa inqwaba yamangqamuzana noma imigomo ehlukene enomsebenzi ofanayo wokukhomba.  I-pleiotropy ingavela ezinhlotsheni eziningana ezihlukile kodwa ezingahle ziguquke, njenge-pleiotropy yezakhi zofuzo, i-pleiotropy yentuthuko, ne-pleiotropy ekhethiwe. I-gene pleiotropy yenzeka lapho umkhiqizo wofuzo usebenzelana namanye amaprotheni amaningi noma udala ukusabela okuningi. I-pleiotropy yentuthuko yenzeka lapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezinto kunemiphumela eminingi ku-phenotype ephumayo. I-pleiotropy ekhethiwe ivela lapho i-phenotype ephumayo inemiphumela eminingi ekufaneleke (kuya ngezici ezifana nobudala nobulili).  Isibonelo se - pleiotropy yi - phenylketonuria, isifo esizuzwa njengefa esithinta izinga le - phenylalanine, i - amino acid etholakala ekudleni, emzimbeni womuntu. I-phenylketonuria ibangela ukuba le-amino acid inyuke emzimbeni, okungaba yingozi kakhulu. Lesi sifo sibangelwa isici sofuzo esisodwa esikuma - chromosome 12 esichaza i - enzyme i - phenylalanine hydroxylase, esithinta izinhlelo eziningi, njenge - nervous and integumentary system.  Isenzo se-Pleiotropic gene singakhawulela izinga lokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguquguqukayo lapho ukukhethwa kwemvelo, ukukhethwa kobulili noma ukukhethwa okufakelwayo ku-trait eyodwa kuthanda i-allele eyodwa, kuyilapho ukukhethwa kwezinye izici kuthanda i-allele ehlukile. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezakhi ezithile zofuzo kuyingozi esintwini. Ukuhlobana kwezakhi zofuzo nezimpendulo zokukhethwa ngokuvamile zifanekisela i-pleiotropy.