Funda ngesivumelwano se-UP<unk>DND sika-1989
Context:Isivumelwano se-University of the Philippines <unk> Department of National Defense (UP<unk>DND) sango-1989 sasiyisivumelwano esiphakathi koMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke (i-DND) kanye ne-University of the Philippines (UP) esasivimbela ukufinyelela kwamaphoyisa namasosha kanye nemisebenzi ngaphakathi kweyunivesithi.  Umlando Ngo-Okthoba 28, 1981, kwasayinwa isivumelwano phakathi komholi wabafundi ngaleso sikhathi uSonia Soto kanye nongqongqoshe wezokuvikela ngaleso sikhathi uJuan Ponce Enrile, owaziwa ngokuthi yisivumelwano sikaSoto <unk> Enrile, ukuvikela abafundi ebukhoneni bempi namaphoyisa kunoma yimaphi amakhampasi e-UP.  NgoJuni 16, 1989, uDonato Continente, isisebenzi seThe Philippine Collegian futhi okuthiwa uyikhomanisi, waboshwa ngaphakathi kweyunivesithi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukaColonel Army wase-US uJames Nicholas Rowe ngo-Ephreli 21, 1989. Kamuva iNkantolo Ephakeme yasePhilippines yanciphisa isigwebo sikaContinente, yamkhulula ngo-June 28, 2005, ngemva kokuboshwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14. U-Continente akazange avume icala futhi wathi wahlukunyezwa futhi wathunjwa yiziphathimandla ezingagqokile ukuze avume ukuthi wahlanganyela kulo.  Ukuxoxisana Ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuboshwa kukaContinente, ngoJuni 30, 1989, uMongameli wase-UP uJose V. Abueva kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela uFidel V. Ramos basayina lesi sivumelwano, esalandela isivumelwano sika-1981 Soto<unk>Enrile. Lesi sivumelwano senziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkululeko yezemfundo yabafundi base-UP futhi kuvinjelwe izikhulu zombuso ukuba ziphazamise imibhikisho yabafundi.  Izinhlinzeko Izimiso zalesi sivumelwano zaziyilezi ezilandelayo:  Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ezihlose ukuqhuba umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwekhampasi ye-UP kufanele zinikeze isaziso kusengaphambili kubaphathi be-UP ngaphandle uma kwenzeka kulandelwa, noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Iziphathimandla zase-UP zizonikeza usizo kwabasebenza ngomthetho ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ze-UP futhi zizame ukuqinisa ezokuphepha, amaphoyisa, kanye namakhono okucisha umlilo ngaphandle kokuxhashazwa ngokungemthetho. Izikhulu ezigqoke iyunifomu kuphela ezingangena eyunivesithi uma isicelo sokusizwa ngabaphathi be-UP sinikezwe. Izikhulu zombuso ngeke ziphazamise noma yikuphi ukubhikisha okunokuthula okwenziwa ngabakhethi be-UP ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zeyunivesithi. Izikhulu zase-UP ziyobhekwa njengazibophezele ezenzweni nasekuziphatheni kwezakhamuzi zazo. Izimvume zokusesha nokubopha abafundi, amalungu e-faculty, kanye nabasebenzi zizonikezwa ngemva kokuba kuthunyelwe isaziso kusengaphambili kubaphathi base-UP. Asikho isigwebo esiyosetshenziswa ngemva kwamahora angamashumi amabili nane sesisetshenzisiwe futhi ngaphandle kokuba okungenani izikhulu ezimbili ze-UP zikhona. Ukuboshwa nokuvalelwa kwanoma yimuphi umfundi, uthisha, kanye nesisebenzi se-UP ePhilippines kuzobikwa ngokushesha yiziphathimandla eziphethe kubaphathi be-UP. Ukuqedwa NgoJanuwari 18, 2021, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uDelfin Lorenzana kanye nehhovisi lakhe bamemezela emphakathini ukuqeda unilateral kwesivumelwano becaphuna ukuthi iCommunist Party of the Philippines (CPP) kanye nephiko layo elihlomile, iNew People's Army (NPA), zombili ezifakwe njengezinhlangano zobuphekula nguMkhandlu Wokulwa Nobuphekula, bezilokhu ziqasha amalungu ngaphakathi enyuvesi futhi bakubiza ngokuthi "isithiyo ekuhlinzekeni ukuphepha, ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yabafundi, ubuhlakani, kanye nabasebenzi be-UP". I-DND yazisa i-UP ngokuphela kwesivumelwano ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambili. UMphathi we-Armed Forces of the Philippines usihlalo we-joint chiefs uGilbert Gapay wathi okungenani abafundi beyunivesithi abangu-18 abaqashwe yi-NPA babulawe kuze kube manje ezingxabanweni nempi ngokusho kwamarekhodi abo.  Isivumelwano esifanayo phakathi kwe-Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) ne-DND esasayinwa ngo-1990 siphinde satuswa ukuba siqedwe nguDuterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema.  Ukusabela UMengameli Rodrigo Duterte wasekela isinqumo se-DND sokuchitha lesi sivumelwano ngokusho kwesitatimende soMkhulumeli kaMengameli uHarry Roque. Engxoxweni ne-CNN Philippines, uRoque, owayenguprofesa wezomthetho wase-UP kanye nommeli wamalungelo abantu, uphendule i-tweet evela kuphrofesa wase-UP uDanilo Arao obuza udumo lwakhe nokwenza kahle kwakhe, ngokusho ukuthi usevele wacela unobhala wezokuvikela kanye nomongameli wase-UP ukuthi bathule. Lapho ebuzwa ngombono wakhe ngalesi sinqumo, wathi, "akukho lutho olunjalo uma ungumkhulumeli kamongameli".  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPhini Likamongameli uLeni Robredo, lasola lesi sinqumo futhi lathi lesi sinqumo sasihloselwe ukuthulisa abagxeki balo hulumeni. NgoJanuwari 20, amaSenator uJoel Villanueva, uSonny Angara, uNancy Binay, noGrace Poe bafaka umthethosivivinywa eSenate ukuze bahlanganise lesi sivumelwano ku-Republic Act No. 9005, noma i-University of the Philippines Charter ka-2008. Izishaya-mthetho eziningana ezivela kuwo womabili amagatsha eCongress nazo ziye zaveza ukukhathazeka nokungavumelani kwazo nesinqumo se-DND.  UMongameli wase-UP uDanilo Concepcion wathi ukuqedwa kwalesi sivumelwano "kwakungadingekile ngokuphelele futhi kungafanele" futhi kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nabaphathi base-UP. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uRenee Co, umqondisi wabafundi e-UP, wabiza lesi sinqumo ngokuthi "enye yezindlela ezimbi kakhulu [uhulumeni] azame ngazo ukubhubhisa izivikelo ezingokwasezulwini abafundi base-UP abaye balwela ukuzithola emzabalazweni wabo wamalungelo abo entando yeningi".  NgoJanuwari 19, i-UP yabamba umbuthano wokugxeka ukuqedwa kwalesi sivumelwano. I-hashtag ethi #DefendUP yayithandwa kakhulu ku-Twitter kanti ezinye izingxoxo zazibhekise ekuphathweni kukaDuterte, zithi "lokhu kungenye indlela yokuphatha yokwesabisa nokuthulisa izishoshovu eziphikisana nezinqubomgomo zikaMengameli Duterte, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini okuthiwa ibomvu futhi ekuphenduleni ubhadane lwe-COVID-19".
Isivumelwano se-University of the Philippines <unk> Department of National Defense (UP<unk>DND) sango-1989 sasiyisivumelwano esiphakathi koMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke (i-DND) kanye ne-University of the Philippines (UP) esasivimbela ukufinyelela kwamaphoyisa namasosha kanye nemisebenzi ngaphakathi kweyunivesithi. Ngo-Okthoba 28, 1981, kwasayinwa isivumelwano phakathi komholi wabafundi ngaleso sikhathi uSonia Soto kanye nongqongqoshe wezokuvikela ngaleso sikhathi uJuan Ponce Enrile, owaziwa ngokuthi yisivumelwano sikaSoto <unk> Enrile, ukuvikela abafundi ebukhoneni bempi namaphoyisa kunoma yimaphi amakhampasi e-UP. NgoJuni 16, 1989, uDonato Continente, isisebenzi seThe Philippine Collegian futhi okuthiwa uyikhomanisi, waboshwa ngaphakathi kweyunivesithi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukaColonel Army wase-US uJames Nicholas Rowe ngo-Ephreli 21, 1989. URamos wasayina lesi sivumelwano, empeleni esalandela isivumelwano sika-1981 Soto-Enrile. Lesi sivumelwano senziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkululeko yezemfundo yabafundi base-UP futhi kuvinjelwe izikhulu zombuso ukuba ziphazamise imibhikisho yabafundi. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezihlose ukuqhuba umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwekhampasi ye-UP kufanele zinikeze isaziso kusengaphambili ekuphathweni kwe-UP ngaphandle uma kwenzeka kulandelwa noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Iziphathimandla zase-UP zizosiza abaphathi bezomthetho ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ze-UP futhi zizame ukuqinisa ukuphepha, amaphoyisa, kanye namakhono okucisha umlilo ngaphandle kokuxhashazwa ngokungemthetho. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ngeke ziphazamise noma yikuphi ukubhikisha okunokuthula okwenziwa ngabakhethi be-UP ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zaseyunivesithi. Izimvume zokusesha nokubopha abafundi, amalungu e-faculty, kanye nabasebenzi zizonikezwa ngemuva kokuthi kuthunyelwe isaziso kusengaphambili kubaphathi base-UP. Ukuboshwa nokuvalelwa kwanoma yimuphi umfundi, uthisha, noma isisebenzi se-UP ePhilippines kuzobikwa ngokushesha yiziphathimandla eziphethe kubaphathi be-UP. NgoJanuwari 18, 2021, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uDelfin Lorenzana kanye nehhovisi lakhe bamemezela emphakathini ukuqeda unilateral kwesivumelwano becaphuna ukuthi iCommunist Party of the Philippines (CPP) kanye nephiko layo elihlomile, iNew People's Army (NPA), zombili ezifakwe njengezinhlangano zobuphekula nguMkhandlu Wokulwa Nobuphekula, bezilokhu ziqasha amalungu ngaphakathi enyuvesi futhi bakubiza ngokuthi "isithiyo ekuhlinzekeni ukuphepha, ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yabafundi, ubuhlakani, kanye nabasebenzi be-UP". I-DND yazisa i-UP ngokuphela kwesivumelwano ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambili. UMphathi we-Armed Forces of the Philippines usihlalo we-joint chiefs uGilbert Gapay wathi okungenani abafundi beyunivesithi abangu-18 abaqashwe yi-NPA babulawe kuze kube manje ezimpini nempi, ngokusho kwamarekhodi abo. Isivumelwano esifanayo phakathi kwe-Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) ne-DND esasayinwa ngo-1990 siphinde satuswa ukuba siqedwe nguDuterte Youth Representative uDucielle Cardema. UMongameli Rodrigo Duterte wasekela isinqumo se-DND sokuqeda lesi sivumelwano, ngokusho kwesitatimende soMkhulumeli kaMongameli uHarry Roque. Engxoxweni ne-CNN Philippines, uRoque, owayenguprofesa wezomthetho wase-UP kanye nommeli wamalungelo abantu, uphendule i-tweet kaprofesa wase-UP uDanilo Arao owabuza udumo lwakhe nokwenza kahle kwakhe, wathi usevele wacela unobhala wezokuvikela kanye nomongameli wase-UP ukuthi bathule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPhini Likamongameli uLeni Robredo, lasola lesi sinqumo futhi lathi lesi sinqumo sasihloselwe ukuthulisa abagxeki balo hulumeni. NgoJanuwari 20, amaSenator uJoel Villanueva, uSonny Angara, uNancy Binay, noGrace Poe bafaka umthethosivivinywa eSenate ukuze bahlanganise lesi sivumelwano ku-Republic Act No. 9005, noma i-University of the Philippines Charter ka-2008. Izishaya-mthetho eziningana ezivela kuwo womabili amagatsha eCongress nazo ziye zaveza ukukhathazeka nokungavumelani kwazo nesinqumo se-DND. UMengameli wase-UP uDanilo Concepcion uthe ukuqedwa kwalesi sivumelwano "akudingekile futhi akunasizathu" futhi kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nabaphathi be-UP. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-UP Student Regent uRenee Co ibize lesi sinqumo ngokuthi "ngesinye sezinyathelo ezimbi kakhulu [uhulumeni] azithathile zokubhubhisa izivikelo ezisemthethweni abafundi base-UP abaye balwela ukuzithola emzabalazweni wabo wokulwela amalungelo abo entando yeningi".