Ka kōpo mphe lethathamo le lekhutšoanyane la likhopolo tse hlalosang likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa kamano pakeng tsa mosebetsi le bophelo ba lelapa tse entsoeng temaneng ena.
Context:Likhopolo tse ka sehloohong tsa kamano Likhopolo tse'maloa li hlalosa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa kamano pakeng tsa mosebetsi le bophelo ba lelapa. Khopolo ea meeli le khopolo ea meeli ke likhopolo tse peli tsa motheo tseo bafuputsi ba li sebelisitseng ho ithuta likhohlano tsena tsa karolo. Likhopolo tse ling li hahiloe motheong oa likhopolo tsena tse peli. Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli ho tloha ha khopolo ea moeli le khopolo ea moeli li ne li qala ho hlahisoa, ho hlaha ha Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le Puisano (ICT) ho fetotse ka mokhoa o fetelletseng khokahano ea mosebetsi le bophelo. Hona joale mosebetsi o ka phethoa ka nako leha e le efe le sebakeng leha e le sefe, ho bolelang hore ho ka etsahala hore libaka li kopane'me meeli ha e eo.  Ho 'nile ha sebelisoa likhopolo-taba tse supileng tse ka sehloohong ho hlalosa kamano ena moeling oa moeli oa moeli; likhopolo tsena ke: ts'ebetso ea sebopeho, karohano, matšeliso, matšeliso a tlatsetsang le a arabelang, ntlafatso ea karolo, tšusumetso, le mohlala oa ntlafatso ea mosebetsi.  Tshebetso ea sebopeho Metso ea khopolo ena e qalile mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ha phetohelo ea indasteri e ne e arola mosebetsi oa moruo le lelapa. Lintlafatso tsa theknoloji tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo mechine le tlhahiso li ile tsa qala ho arola mosebetsi le lelapa. Leha ho le joalo, e bile feela mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo moo maikutlo a pele a likhopolo tsa lelapa la mosebetsi a ileng a qala ho ba teng. Structural-functionalism e le e 'ngoe ea likhopolo tse hlaheletseng tsa thuto ea kahisano ea mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e ne e le mokhethoa oa tlhaho.  Khopolo ea ts'ebetso ea sebopeho, e hlahileng kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, e ile ea susumetsoa haholo ke phetohelo ea indasteri le liphetoho tsa karolo ea sechaba ea banna le basali nakong ena. Khopolo ena e bolela hore bophelo bo ameha haholo-holo ka likarolo tse peli tse arohaneng: bophelo bo hlahisang bo etsahalang mosebetsing le bophelo ba maikutlo bo etsahalang lapeng. Khopolo ea ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng e lumela hore ho na le karohano e khōlō pakeng tsa mosebetsi (setsi, sebaka sa mosebetsi, kapa'maraka) le malapa. Ho ea ka khopolo ena, tsena tse peli (sebaka sa mosebetsi le lelapa) li sebetsa hantle "ha banna le basali ba ikhetholla mesebetsing ea bona libakeng tse arohaneng, basali lapeng ba etsa mosebetsi o hlalosang maikutlo le banna mosebetsing ba etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa" (Kingsbury & Scanzoni, 1993; joalokaha ho qotsitsoe ho MacDermid, 2005: 18).  Mekhatlo e meharo Ho 'nile ha phehisanoa khang ea hore likhohlano tsa lelapa la mosebetsi, haholo-holo likhohlano tsa karolo, li ka hlalosoa ho latela mohopolo oa Lewis A. Coser oa "mekhatlo e meharo". Mekhatlo ena e bitsoa "ba meharo" ka kutloisiso ea hore e batla boitlamo le botšepehi ba batho ka bomong,'me e tloaetse ho nyahamisa ho kenella likarolong tse ling tsa sechaba. Mekhatlo e kang mekhatlo ea bolumeli, lihlotšoana tsa bolumeli, liunivesithi, lipapali tsa maemo a holimo, sesole le batsamaisi ba phahameng ba 'nile ba talingoa e le mekhatlo e meharo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lelapa le lona le 'nile la talingoa e le setsi sa meharo ha ho nahanoa ka litlhoko tse behiloeng ho mohlokomeli. Ha motho a kenella mekhatlong e'meli e meharo - e ka ba ea tlhokomelo ea bana le univesithi, kapa ea lelapa le sesole, kapa e meng - ho hlaha likhohlano tsa mesebetsi le mesebetsi.  Ho arola Ho ea ka khopolo ena mosebetsi le lelapa ha li amehe e mong ho e mong, kaha li arohane ebile ha li itšetlehe ka tse ling. Lingoliloeng li boetse li tlaleha ka tšebeliso ea mantsoe compartmentalization, boipuso, ho arohana, ho se kopane, ho se nke lehlakore le ho itšehla thajana ho hlalosa khopolo ena.  Matšeliso Ka 1979, Piotrkowski o ile a pheha khang ea hore ho ea ka khopolo ena basebetsi "ba talima malapa a bona e le libaka tse sireletsehileng, [' me] ba talima malapa a bona e le mehloli ea khotsofalo e haelloang mosebetsing". Seo se khethollang khopolo ea matšeliso ho tsoa likhopolong tse fetileng ke hore, khopolong ea matšeliso, ka lekhetlo la pele, phello e ntle ea mosebetsi ho lelapa e amohetsoe.  Puseletso e tlatsetsang le e sebetsang Kakaretso le reactive matšeliso likhopolo tse peli dichotomies tsa matšeliso khopolo e neng e ntshetswa pele nakong ea ho elella bofelong ba bo-1980 le mathoasong a bo-1990. Le hoja khopolo ea matšeliso e hlalosa boitšoaro ba basebetsi ha ba phehella moputso o mong sebakeng se seng, likhopolo tsa matšeliso a tlatsetsang le a arabelang li leka ho hlalosa lebaka la boitšoaro ba matšeliso a mosebetsi le lelapa la basebetsi.  Khopolo ea ntlafatso ea karolo Ho ea ka khopolo ena, ho kopana ha mesebetsi e itseng ho na le phello e ntle, ho e-na le e mpe boiketlong. Khopolo ena e bolela hore ho nka karolo karolong e 'ngoe ho etsoa hamolemo kapa habonolo ka lebaka la ho nka karolo karolong e 'ngoe. Ho feta moo, khopolo ena e amohela phello e mpe ea kamano ea mosebetsi le lelapa, eo ho eona, feela ka nģ'ane ho moeli o itseng o ka holimo, ho ka hlahang ho imeloa le ho sithabela, leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa mantlha sa pono ena ke haholo-holo litlamorao tse ntle tsa mosebetsi le kamano ea lelapa, joalo ka ntlafatso ea mehloli.  Mohlala oa ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi Khopolo ena ke e 'ngoe ea mehlala ea morao tjena ea ho hlalosa kamano pakeng tsa mosebetsi le lelapa. Ho ea ka mohlala ona, phihlelo ea karolo e 'ngoe (mosebetsi kapa lelapa) e tla ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo karolong e 'ngoe. Ka mantsoe a mang, mohlala ona o leka ho hlalosa liphello tse ntle tsa kamano ea mosebetsi le lelapa.
- Tshebetso ea sebopeho: Khopolo ea ts'ebetso ea sebopeho e bontša hore bophelo bo arotsoe ka thata pakeng tsa sebaka sa mosebetsi, moo bophelo bo hlahisang bo etsahalang teng, le bophelo ba lapeng kapa ba lelapa moo bophelo ba maikutlo bo etsahalang teng.  - Mekhatlo e meharo: Khopolo ea mekhatlo e meharo e bolela hore mekhatlo e etsa litlhokahalo tse pharalletseng ho batho ka bomong,'me e nyahamisa ho nka karolo ha motho libakeng tse ling tsa sechaba kapa litsing tse ling, e lebisang khohlanong ha ho hlaha litlhokahalo tse qothisanang lehlokoa.  - Ho arohana: Khopolo ea ho arohana e pheha khang ea hore mosebetsi le bophelo ba lelapa li arohane ka ho feletseng kapa li arohane'me ka hona ha li amehe.  -Phetetso: Khopolo ea puseletso e bolela hore batho ba fumana setšabelo mosebetsing le mefokolong ea oona bophelong ba bona ba lehae le khotsofalong e tsoang malapeng a bona.  -Tlatsetso le Puseletso e Ikarabellang: Puseletso e ikarabellang le e ikarabellang ke likhopolo tse peli tse hlalosang litsela tseo ka tsona batho ba phehellang mefuta e meng ea khotsofalo ea bophelo ha ba ntse ba qabeletsoe pakeng tsa mosebetsi le libaka tsa sechaba tsa lelapa.  - Ntlafatso ea karolo: Khopolo ea ho ntlafatsa karolo e bolela hore ho kopanela karolong e 'ngoe ea sechaba ho ka eketsa khotsofalo le ho kopanela ho e 'ngoe - ho fihlela meeli e itseng eo ka mor'a eona ho ka bang le ho imeloa ho feteletseng.  - Work Enrichment Model: Theory of work enrichment e leka ho hlalosa kamoo phihlelo ea karolo e 'ngoe kapa ea sechaba e ka tlatsetsang kapa ea eketsa khotsofalo ho e 'ngoe. Ka tsela ena, mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi o tšoana le khopolo ea ho ntlafatsa mesebetsi.