iyini i-entropy
Context:I-entropy ingumqondo wesayensi, kanye nempahla ebonakalayo elinganisekayo, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo sokungahleleki, okungahleliwe, noma ukungaqiniseki. Leli gama kanye nomqondo lisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ku-classical thermodynamics, lapho kwaqala ukubonwa khona, ekuchazeni imvelo nge-microscopic ku-physics yezibalo, nasezimisweni zemfundiso yolwazi. Ithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-chemistry ne-physics, ezinhlelweni zezinto eziphilayo nobudlelwano bazo nokuphila, ku-cosmology, ezomnotho, ezomphakathi, isayensi yesimo sezulu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi kubandakanya nokudluliswa kolwazi kwezokuxhumana ngocingo.
I-entropy ingumqondo wesayensi, kanye nempahla ebonakalayo elinganisekayo, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo sokungahleleki, okungahleliwe, noma ukungaqiniseki. Leli gama kanye nomqondo lisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ku-classical thermodynamics, lapho kwaqala ukubonwa khona, ekuchazeni imvelo nge-microscopic ku-physics yezibalo, nasezimisweni zemfundiso yolwazi. Ithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-chemistry ne-physics, ezinhlelweni zezinto eziphilayo nobudlelwano bazo nokuphila, ku-cosmology, ezomnotho, ezomphakathi, isayensi yesimo sezulu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi kubandakanya nokudluliswa kolwazi kwezokuxhumana ngocingo.  Umqondo we-thermodynamic wabhekiselwa kuwo ngusosayensi waseScotland nonjiniyela uWilliam Rankine ngo-1850 ngamagama athi umsebenzi we-thermodynamic kanye ne-potential-heat. Ngo-1865, isazi sesayensi yemvelo saseJalimane uRudolf Clausius, ongomunye wabasunguli abaphambili emkhakheni we-thermodynamics, wasichaza ngokuthi i-quotient yenani elincane ngokungenamkhawulo lokushisa lokushisa. Ekuqaleni wayichaza ngokuthi i-transformation-content, ngesiJalimane i-Verwandlungsinhalt, futhi kamuva waqamba igama elithi entropy kusuka egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuguqulwa. Ebhekisela ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kwezinto ezincane, ngo-1862, uClausius wahumusha lomqondo ngokuthi usho ukuhlukaniswa.  Umphumela we - entropy uwukuthi izinqubo ezithile azinakuguqulwa noma azinakwenzeka, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungaphuli umthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla, owokugcina uvezwa emthethweni wokuqala we - thermodynamics. I-entropy ibalulekile emthethweni wesibili we-thermodynamics, othi i-entropy yezinhlelo ezihlukanisiwe ezishiywe ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okuzenzakalelayo ayikwazi ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba zihlala zifika esimweni sokulinganisela kwe-thermodynamic, lapho i-entropy iphakeme kakhulu.  Isazi sezomzimba sase-Austria uLudwig Boltzmann sachaza i-entropy njengesilinganiso senani lezinhlelo ezincane noma izimo zama-athomu nezinhlayiya zohlelo oluthile ezihambisana nesimo se-macro sohlelo. Ngaleyo ndlela wethula umqondo wokungalingani kwezibalo nokusabalalisa okungenzeka emkhakheni omusha we-thermodynamics, obizwa ngokuthi i-statistical mechanics, futhi wathola ukuxhumana phakathi kokusebenzisana okuncane, okuguquguqukayo mayelana nokwakheka okujwayelekile, ekuziphatheni okubonakalayo kwe-macroscopic, ngesimo somthetho olula we-logarithmic, onokulingana okungaguquki, i-Boltzmann njalo, eye yaba enye yezinhlaka ezichazayo zomhlaba wonke ze-International System of Units (SI) yanamuhla.  Ngo-1948, usosayensi waseBell Labs uClaude Shannon wasungula imiqondo efanayo yezibalo yokulinganisa ukungaqiniseki kwe-microscopic kanye nobuningi enkingeni yokulahleka okungahleliwe kolwazi kumasignali yezokuxhumana ngocingo. Ngokwesiphakamiso sikaJohn von Neumann, uShannon waqamba le nhlangano yolwazi olulahlekile ngendlela efana nokusetshenziswa kwayo kumishini yezibalo njenge-entropy, futhi wazala umkhakha wombono wolwazi. Le ncazelo iye yabhekwa njengencazelo yendawo yonke yomqondo we-entropy.