Chii chinonzi quantum computer?
Kombiyuta yequantum ikombiyuta inoshandisa zvinhu zvinoitwa nemichina yequantum. Pazviyero zviduku, zvinhu zvenyama zvinoratidza unhu hwemasero nemafungu, uye makombiyuta e quantum anoshandisa unhu uhwu achishandisa michina inokosha. Physics yekare haigoni kutsanangura mashandiro emidziyo iyi ye quantum, uye kombiyuta ye quantum inokwanisika yaigona kuita zvimwe zvokuverenga nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura kombiyuta ipi neipi yazvino uno "yekare". Zvikurukuru, kombiyuta yemhando huru inogona kuputsa zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa zvikuru zvekuvhara uye kubatsira vasayendisiti pakuita zviratidzo zvepanyama; zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino achiri kunyanya kuedza uye asingakwanisi.  Yuniti inokosha yeruzivo mu quantum computing iqubit, yakafanana nebit mune zvemagetsi zvetsika. Kusiyana nebhiti rekare, qubit inogona kuvapo mune superposition yemamiriro ayo maviri e "base", zvinoreva kuti iri mumamiriro ese ari maviri panguva imwe chete. Paunenge uchiyera qubit, zvaunowana zvinobva zvaita kuti uwane chinonzi classical bit. Kana kombiyuta yequantum ikashandisa qubit neimwe nzira, kukanganiswa kwemafungu kunogona kuwedzera zvaunoda pakuyera. Kugadzirwa kwema quantum algorithms kunosanganisira kugadzira nzira dzinobvumira kombiyuta ye quantum kuita masvomhu zvakanaka.  Kugadzira maqubit emhando yepamusoro kwave kuri kwakaoma. Kana qubit yomuviri isiri kure zvakakwana nemhoteredzo yayo, inotambura nequantum decoherence, ichipinza ruzha mukuverenga. Hurumende dzenyika dzakapinza mari yakawanda mukutsvakurudza kwokuedza uko kunovavarira kukudziridza qubits dzinogadziriswa dzine nguva refu dzokubvumirana uye zvikanganiso zviduku. Zvinhu zviviri zvinovimbisa zvikurusa zvemichina ndezvokuti superconductors (iyo inoparadzanisa magetsi kupfurikidza nokubvisa kurwisa kwemagetsi) uye misungo yeion (iyo inoganhurira chinhu chimwe chete cheatomu kupfurikidza nokushandisa minda yemagetsi.  Chinetso chipi nechipi chokuverenga chinogona kugadziriswa nekombiyuta yekare chinogonawo kugadziriswa nekombiyuta ye quantum. Uyewo, chero dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa nekombiyuta ye quantum rinogonawo kugadziriswa nekombiyuta yechinyakare, kana ikapiwa nguva yakakwana. Nemamwe mashoko, makombiyuta equantum anoteerera dzidziso yaChurch naTuring. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange zvazvo makombiyuta e quantum asingapi zvimwe zvikomborero pamakombiyuta echinyakare maererano nokugona kuverenga, magadzirirwo e quantum ezvimwe zvinetso ane kuoma kwenguva kwakaderera zvikuru kupfuura magadzirirwo anozivikanwa echinyakare. Kunyanya, makombiyuta equantum anotendwa kuti anokwanisa kupedza zvinetso zvakati nokukurumidza izvo pasina kombiyuta yekare yaigona kupedza munguva ipi neipi inogoneka - chiito chinozivikanwa se"kutonga kwequantum". Kudzidza kwokuoma kwokushandisa makombiyuta kuti aongorore zvinetso zvine chokuita nemakombiyuta e quantum kunonzi quantum complexity theory.