Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo?
Ngokuvamile, izakhi zofuzo ziveza umphumela wazo wokusebenza ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni, okuyizinhlayiyana eziphethe imisebenzi eminingi engqamuzaneni. Amaprotheni akhiwa uchungechunge olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwe - polypeptide, ngalunye olwakhiwe ngokulandelana kwama - amino acid. Ukulandelana kwe-DNA kofuzo kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukulandelana kwe-amino acid ethile. Le nqubo iqala ngokukhiqizwa kwe - RNA enokulandelana okufana nokulandelana kwe - DNA yezakhi zofuzo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukubhalwa.  Le molekyuli ye - RNA eyisithunywa bese ikhiqiza ukulandelana kwe - amino acid okuhambisanayo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhumusha. Iqembu ngalinye lama-nucleotide amathathu alandelanayo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-codon, lihambisana nelinye lama-amino acid angamashumi amabili angenzeka eprotheni noma umyalo wokuqeda ukulandelana kwama-amino acid; lokhu kuhambisana kubizwa ngokuthi ikhodi yofuzo. Ukugeleza kolwazi kuqondiswe endaweni eyodwa: ulwazi ludluliselwa kusuka kulandelana kwe-nucleotide luye kulandelana kwe-amino acid yamaprotheni, kodwa aludluliselwa kusuka kumaprotheni lubuyele kulandelana kwe-DNA - into uFrancis Crick ayibiza ngokuthi imfundiso eyinhloko ye-biology yamangqamuzana.  Ukulandelana okuqondile kwama-amino acid kuphumela ekwakhekeni okuyingqayizivele kwamaphrotheni amathathu, futhi izakhiwo zamaphrotheni amathathu zihlobene nemisebenzi yazo. Ezinye ziyizinhlayiyana ezilula, njengezintambo ezakhiwa i-protein collagen. Amaprotheni angabopha amanye amaprotheni nama-molecule alula, ngezinye izikhathi asebenza njengama-enzyme ngokusiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwama-molecule aboshiwe (ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kweprotheni ngokwayo). Ukwakheka kwamaprotheni kuyaguquguquka; amaprotheni okuthiwa i-hemoglobin aguquguquka abe yizindlela ezihluke kancane njengoba enza kube lula ukubamba, ukuthutha, nokukhulula ama-molecule e-oxygen ngaphakathi kwegazi lezilwane ezincelisayo.