Pfupisa nhoroondo yematangiro ezita reKievan Rus '
Context:Pamberi pokutanga kweKievan Rus' muzana remakore rechi9, nzvimbo zhinji dzokuchamhembe kweGungwa Dzvuku, idzo dzinenge dzichipindirana neUkraine neBelarus dzemazuva ano, dzainyanya kugarwa nemadzinza echiSlavic okumabvazuva. Munharaunda yokuchamhembe yakapoteredza Novgorod maiva nevaIlmen vaSlav uye vavakidzani vavo vaKrivichi, avo vaigara munharaunda dzakapoteredza misoro yenzizi dzeWest Dvina, Dnieper neVolga. Nechokuchamhembe kwavo, munharaunda dzeLadoga neKarelia, maiva nedzinza reFinnic Chud. Kumaodzanyemba, munharaunda yakapoteredza Kiev, makanga mune vaPoliane, boka ravanhu vakaitwa vaSlavic vamadzinza okuIran, vaDrevliane kumadokero kweDnieper, uye vaSeveriane kumabvazuva. Kuchamhembe kwavo nokumabvazuva kwaiva nevaVyatichi, uye kumaodzanyemba kwavo kwaiva nenyika ine masango yaigarwa nevarimi vechiSlav, zvichiita kuti pave nenyika dzematombo dzaigarwa nevafudzi vaifamba-famba.  Pane imwe nguva pakanga pane gakava pamusoro pokuti Rus' vaiva Varangians kana kuti vaSlav, zvisinei, nguva pfupi yapfuura pfungwa dzevadzidzi dzakanangidzirwa zvikuru pakukurukurirana kuti nokukurumidza sei vanhu vekare veNorse vakabatanidzwa mumutauro wechiSlav. Kusava nechokwadi uku kunonyanya kukonzerwa nokushomeka kwemanyuko enguva iyoyo. Kuedza kupindura mubvunzo uyu panzvimbo pezvo kunotsamira pauchapupu hwokuchera matongo, nhoroondo dzevacherechedzi vokumwe, uye ngano nemabhuku kubva mumazana emakore gare gare. Kusvika pamwero wakati, gakava racho rine chokuita nengano dzokuvamba kwenyika dzazvino uno dziri munharaunda yacho. Iyi nhaurirano inowanzova isina zvibereko pamusoro pamavambo nguva nenguva yakashandurwa kuva nhaurirano dzorudzi dzinokwikwidzana dzeukoshi hunokatyamadza hwedzidzo hunokurudzirwa zvakananga nemitumbi yakasiyana-siyana yehurumende, mumarudzi akawanda. Izvi zvakaonekwa munguva yaStalin, apo mabhuku ezvakaitika kare eSoviet akatsvaka kuparadzanisa vanhu vokuRus' nokubatana kupi nokupi nemadzinza echiGermany, mukuedza kuparadza mashoko anoparadzirwa nevaNazi aiti nyika yeRussia yakanga iripo uye yakabva kumadzinza echiNorse aifungidzirwa kuti aiva nani. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudzokazve kwenyika munyika dzepashure peSoviet, kudzidza kweAnglophone kwakaongorora kuedza kutsva kwekushandisa gakava iri kugadzira nhoroondo dzedzinza-dzemadzinza, nehurumende dzimwe nguva dzinobatanidzwa zvakananga muchirongwa ichi. Misangano nezvinyorwa zvinobvunza mavambo echiNorse eRus' zvakatsigirwa zvakananga nehurongwa hwehurumende mune dzimwe nguva, uye nhema dzinobva pakuvambwa dzakabatanidzwa mune mamwe mabhuku echikoro muRussia.  Nepo vaVarangians vaiva vatengesi veNorse uye maViking, vamwe vezvenhau veRussia neUkraine vanoona nezvenyika vanoti maRus' vaiva vaSlav pachavo (ona Anti-Normanism). Dzidziso dzechiNorman dzinonyanya kutaura nezvezvinyorwa zvekare zvevaSlav vokuMabvazuva, Primary Chronicle, iyo yakabudiswa muzana remakore rechi12. Nhoroondo dzorudzi kune rumwe rutivi dzakaratidza kuti vaRus' vakanga varipo vasati vasvika vaVarangians, vachicherechedza kuti mashoko mashomanene bedzi echiScandinavia anogona kuwanwa muchiRussia uye kuti mazita echiScandinavia munhoroondo dzokutanga akakurumidza kutsiviwa nemazita echiSlavic.  Kunyange zvakadaro, ukama hwepedyo pakati peRus' neNorse hunosimbiswa zvose nekugara kwakakura kweScandinavia muBelarus, Russia, neUkraine uye neSlavic maitiro mumutauro wechiSweden. Kunyange zvazvo gakava pamusoro pematangiro eRus' richiri kutongwa mune zvematongerwe enyika, pane kubvumirana kwakakura kuti kana proto-Rus' yakanga iri yepakutanga Norse, vakakurumidza kugadziriswa, vachigamuchira mitauro yeSlavic nemimwe tsika dzetsika. Iyi nzvimbo, inenge inomiririra kubvumirana kwevadzidzi (kunze kwezvinyorwa zvenhau dzenyika), yakapfupikiswa nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika kare, F. Donald Logan, "muna 839, vaRus vaiva vaSweden; muna 1043 vaRus vaiva vaSlav". Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaedza kupfuurira mberi negakava rakamanikana uye rine zvematongerwe enyika pamusoro pamavambo, kunangidzira ngwariro pakuti sei uye nei kugoverana kwakaitika nokukurumidza kwazvo. Kumwe kuongorora kwemazuva ano kweDNA kunoratidzawo mavambo eViking, kwete chete evamwe vemhuri yemadzimambo ekutanga eRus uye/kana vateveri vavo asiwo zvinobatanidza nehama dzinobvira dzinobva kunyika dzakavakidzana saSviatopolk I weKiev.  Ahmad ibn Fadlan, mufambi weArabia mukati mezana ramakore rechi 10, akagovera rumwe rwamarondedzero okutanga akanyorwa eRus': "Ivo vakareba setumiti twedate, vane ruvara rwakachenuruka uye vane ruvara rwakachenuruka, zvokuti havafaniri kupfeka tuniki kana kuti jasi; panzvimbo pezvo varume pakati pavo vanopfeka zvipfeko zvinovhara hafu bedzi yomuviri wavo uye zvinosiya ruoko rumwe rusina kubatwa". Liutprand weCremona, uyo akanga ari nhume kaviri kudare reByzantine (949 uye 968), anozivisa "Russi" neNorse ("vaRusi, vatinoti Norsemen nerimwe zita") asi anotsanangura zita racho sechirevo chechiGiriki chinoreva hunhu hwavo hwepanyama ("Vanhu vamwe vanoumbwa nechikamu chevaNorse, avo vaGiriki vanodana [...] vaRussi nekuda kwezvinhu zvavo zvepanyama, tinosarudza seNorse nekuda kwenzvimbo yavakabva. "). Leo the Deacon, wezana remakore rechi10 wezvenhau uye munyori wenhoroondo wokuByzantium, anotaura nezveRus' se"vaSitiya" uye anotaura kuti vaiwanzotevedzera tsika netsika dzechiGiriki. Asi shoko rokuti "vaSitiya" mumutauro wechiGiriki rinonyanya kushandiswa sezita rakajairika rinoreva vanhu vaifamba-famba.
Kwakatangira zita rokuti Kievan Rus' kune gakava rakawanda, kunyanya mune dzimwe nyika dzine simba rakasimba pamafungiro enyika ((nokuda kwemamwe mashoko tarisa nhoroondo dzekutangwa kwemarudzi emarudzi). Pane imwe nguva pakanga pane gakava pamusoro pokuti vaRus' vaiva vaVarangia here kana kuti vaSlav. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti vaRus' vakanga vari vaSlav, nepo vaVarangian vakanga vari vatengesi vechiNorse nevaViking. Kubatana kwepedyo pakati peRus' neNorse kunosimbiswa zvose zviri zviviri nenzvimbo dzakakura dzeScandinavia dzakawanwa munharaunda dzanhasi dzeBelarus, Russia, neUkraine uye nepesvedzero dzechiSlav mumutauro wechiSwedish.  Tichiisa parutivi maonero ezvematongerwe enyika ezvematongerwe enyika, taigona kutevera zvakawanikwa munhau nezvicherwa mumatongo zvinotsanangura kuumbwa kwemadzinza munharaunda yakazova mazita, Kievan Rus'.  Liutprand weCremona, anozivisa "vaRusi" navaNorse asi anotsanangura zita racho seshoko rechiGiriki rinoreva mavara avo omuviri. Leo the Deacon, wezana remakore rechi10 wezvenhau uye munyori wenhoroondo wokuByzantium, anotaura nezveRus' se"vaSitiya" uye anotaura kuti vaiwanzotevedzera tsika netsika dzechiGiriki. Asi shoko rokuti "vaSitiya" mumutauro wechiGiriki rinonyanya kushandiswa sezita rakajairika rinoreva vanhu vaifamba-famba.  Rus yeKievan isati yaumbwa kana kuti kuoneka, nzvimbo zhinji yokuchamhembe kweGungwa Dema yaigarwa zvikurukuru nemadzinza echiSlavic okumabvazuva. Asi rakanga rakapoteredzwa uye rakagarwa nevamwe vakawanda seIlmen Slavs uye vavakidzani Krivich, Finnic Chud dzinza, Poliane, boka reSlavicized madzinza ane Iranian mavambo, Drevliane uye Severiane pamwe chete neVyatichi, uye kumaodzanyemba kwavo kwaiva nyika ine masango yakagadzirirwa nevarimi vechiSlav, vachisiya nzvimbo kune nyika dzematombo dzakagarwa nevafudzi vanofamba-famba.