Imodeli yokuzikhethela okunengqondo isisiza kanjani ukuba siqonde ukuzimisela komuntu ukuvota kanye nokuthi ubani azomvotela?
I-Downs ne-Riker baveza i-calculus yokuvota, ifomula, R=pB-C+D, lapho u-R engamathuba okuthi othile azovota, u-p engamathuba okuthi ivoti "libalulekile", u-B "uwusizo" noma inzuzo yokuvota, u-C izindleko zokuvota, no-D umsebenzi wesakhamuzi. Njengoba pB ngokuvamile ingu-0, i-equation iba ngu-R=-C + D futhi ukuze i-R ibe yinani elihle (okusho ukuthi isakhamuzi sizovota), sidinga umsebenzi womphakathi ukuba "udlule" izindleko zokuvota. Imodeli Yokukhetha Okuhlakaniphile inemibono emibili ephikisanayo yokuthi abavoti bakhetha ukuvota kanjani. Esinye sazo ukuvota ngokuseduze. Kulokhu, umvoti ukhetha ukhetho abasondelene kakhulu nalo ngokuqondene nokuthi lowo okhethiwe uhlala kuphi emgqeni wenkululeko / wokulondoloza. Omunye umbono uwukuvota okuqondisiwe, okusho ukuthi umvoti uzovotela noma ubani ohlangothini lwakhe lwesikali. Ngokwesibonelo, umRepublican uzovotela ukhetho lweRiphabhlikhi ngisho noma luseduze nomkhandlu weDemocratic esikalini.