Ndeipi iri mienzaniso yemitoo ye quantum tunneling?
Context:Kunze kwekuparadzaniswa kunokonzerwa ne neutron, inoshandiswa uye inoshandiswa nevanhu, chimiro chechisikirwo chekuparadzwa kwemagetsi (chisingadi neutron) chinonziwo kuparadzaniswa, uye chinoitika kunyanya mu isotopes-yakakwirira-mass-number. Kuparadzaniswa kwokuzvimirira kwakawanwa muna 1940 naFlyorov, Petrzhak, naKurchatov muMoscow, mukuedza kwakanga kwakarongedzerwa kusimbisa kuti, pasina kuputirwa nema neutron, mwero wokuparadzaniswa kweuranium wakanga usingaoneki, sezvakanga zvafanotaurwa naNiels Bohr; wakanga usiri usingaoneki.  Kuumbwa kusingafanoonekwi kwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa (izvo zvinosiyana nenzira yakakura yezviitiko uye zvishoma zvisinganzwisisiki) zvinosiyanisa kupatsanurwa kubva kumagadzirirwo e quantum tunneling akadai seproton emission, alpha decay, uye cluster decay, iyo inopa zvigadzirwa zvakafanana nguva imwe neimwe. Kuparadzaniswa kwenyukireya kunogadzira simba resimba renyukireya uye kunotungamirira kuputika kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Kushandiswa kwose kuri kuviri kunobvira nemhaka yokuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi mafuta enyukireya zvinoputsika apo zvinorohwa nemaineutron okuparadzanisa, uye zvinobudisawo maineutron apo zvinoparadzana. Ikoku kunobvumira cheni yenyukireya inozvitsigira imene, ichibudisa simba pamwero unodzorwa muchinjiko chenyukireya kana kuti pamwero unokurumidza zvikuru, usina kudzorwa muzvombo zvenyukireya.  Uwandu hwesimba risingabhadhari huri muzvigadzikiso zvenyukireya hunopetwa nemamiriyoni euwandu hwesimba risingabhadhari huri muuwandu hwakafanana hwezvigadzikiso zvemakemikoro zvakadai sebhenzi, kuchiita kuti kupatsanuka kwenyukireya kuve manyuko akasimba zvikuru esimba. Zvigadzirwa zvekuparadzaniswa kwenyukireya, zvisinei, zviri pakati nepakati zvine mwaranzi zvikuru kupfuura zvinhu zvinorema izvo zvinowanzoparadzaniswa sechinhu chinopisa, uye zvinoramba zvakadaro kwenguva yakati rebei, zvichiita kuti pave nedambudziko remarara enyukireya. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinomwe zvinogadzirwa nokuparadzaniswa zvinorarama kwenguva refu zvinongova chikamu chiduku chezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nokuparadzaniswa. Kupinza ma neutron uko kusingatungamiri kukuparadzana kunobereka Plutonium (kubva pa 238 U) uye minor actinides (kubva zvose zviri zviviri 235 U uye 238 U) vane radiotoxicity yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura iyo yezvibereko zvekuparadzaniswa kwenguva refu. Kunetseka pamusoro pokuunganidzwa kwemarara enyukireya uye simba rinoparadza rezvombo zvenyukireya zvinopesana nechishuvo chokushandisa fission nenzira yorugare senzira yokuwana nayo simba. Thorium fuel cycle inenge isingabudisi plutonium uye inenge isingabudisi ma actinides maduku, asi 232 U - kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvayo zvinoparara - inobudisa zvikuru mwaranzi yegamma. Zvose zvinonzi actinides zvinobereka kana kuti zvinopatsanuka uye zvinogadzira zvinhu zvinokurumidza zvinogona kuita kuti zvose izvi zvipatsanuke kunyange zvazvo zvichiitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kugadziridza kwenyukireya kunovavarira kudzorera zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kubva pamoto wenyukireya wakashandiswa kuti zvose zvibvumire uranium (ne thorium) kugovera kupfuurira kwenguva refu uye kuderedza uwandu hwe"marara". Maindasitiri anotaura nezvokupatsanurwa kweactinides yose kana kuti inenge yose se"kutenderera kwemafuta kwakavharwa".
kubuda kweproton, kuora kwealpha, uye kuora kwemapoka.