Iyini inqubomgomo yezimali kwezomnotho nesayensi yezombusazwe?
Context:Ezomnotho kanye nesayensi yezombusazwe, inqubomgomo yezimali ukusetshenziswa kwemali engenayo kahulumeni (izintela noma ukuncishiswa kwentela) kanye nezindleko ukuthonya umnotho wezwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali engenayo kahulumeni ukuze kuthonywe izinto eziguquguqukayo zezomnotho ezinkulu kwavela ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka okukhulu kweminyaka yama-1930s, lapho indlela yangaphambilini ye-laissez-faire yokuphatha ezomnotho ingasasebenzi.
Ezomnotho kanye nesayensi yezombusazwe, inqubomgomo yezimali ukusetshenziswa kwemali engenayo kahulumeni (izintela noma ukuncishiswa kwentela) kanye nezindleko ukuthonya umnotho wezwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali engenayo kahulumeni ukuze kuthonywe izinto eziguquguqukayo zezomnotho ezinkulu kwavela ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka okukhulu kweminyaka yama-1930s, lapho indlela yangaphambilini ye-laissez-faire yokuphatha ezomnotho ingasebenzi. Inqubomgomo yezimali isekelwe emibonweni yochwepheshe wezomnotho waseBrithani uJohn Maynard Keynes, onemibono yezomnotho kaKeynes ethi izinguquko zikahulumeni emazingeni entela kanye nezindleko zikahulumeni zithonya ukufunwa okuphelele kanye nezinga lomsebenzi wezomnotho. Inqubomgomo yezimali neyenkambiso yemali yizindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa uhulumeni wezwe kanye nebhange eliyinhloko ukuze kuthuthukiswe imigomo yalo yezomnotho. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinqubomgomo kuvumela lezi ziphathimandla ukuba ziqondise ukwehla kwamandla emali (okubhekwa "njengokunempilo" ezingeni eliphakathi kuka-2% no-3%) futhi zikhulise umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakhelwe ukuzama ukugcina ukukhula kwe-GDP ku-2% kuya ku-3% kanye nezinga lokungasebenzi eduze kwezinga lokungasebenzi kwemvelo elingu-4% kuya ku-5%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubomgomo yezimali isetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa umnotho phakathi nomjikelezo wezomnotho.  Izinguquko ezingeni nasekwakhiweni kwentela kanye nezindleko zikahulumeni zingathinta izinto eziguquguqukayo zezomnotho, kuhlanganise:  ukufunwa okuphelele kanye nezinga lomsebenzi wezomnotho ukonga nokutshala izimali ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo ukwabiwa kwemithombo. Inqubomgomo yezimali ingahlukaniswa nenqubomgomo yezimali, ngoba inqubomgomo yezimali iphathelene nokukhokhiswa kwentela kanye nezindleko zikahulumeni futhi ivame ukuphathwa ngumnyango kahulumeni; ngenkathi inqubomgomo yezimali iphathelene nokunikezwa kwemali, amanani enzalo futhi ivame ukuphathwa yibhange eliphakathi lezwe. Zombili izinqubomgomo zezimali nezezimali zithonya ukusebenza komnotho wezwe.