Kufundwa ngani nge - electrostatics?
Context:Umqondo wenkambu kagesi wethulwa uMichael Faraday. Inkambu kagesi iqanjwa umzimba okhokhisiwe esikhaleni esiwuzungezile, futhi ibangela amandla asetshenziswe kunoma yiziphi ezinye izimali ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwenkambu. Inkambu kagesi isebenza phakathi kwamagesi amabili ngendlela efana nendlela amandla adonsela phansi asebenza ngayo phakathi kwamagesi amabili, futhi njengayo, ifinyelela kokungenamkhawulo futhi ibonisa ubudlelwane obuphambene nesikwele nebanga. Nokho, kunomehluko obalulekile. Amandla adonsela phansi ngaso sonke isikhathi adonsela ndawonye izinto ezimbili, kuyilapho amandla kagesi engabangela noma ukuheha noma ukuphikisa. Njengoba izindikimba ezinkulu ezinjengezinkanyezi ngokuvamile zingenayo inhlawulo ephelele, inkambu kagesi ekude ngokuvamile iba zero. Ngakho amandla adonsela phansi angamandla aphakeme kunawo wonke endaweni yonke, naphezu kokuba buthaka kakhulu. Inkambu kagesi ngokuvamile iyahlukahluka emkhathini futhi amandla ayo kunoma iyiphi indawo ethile achazwa njengamandla (ngeyunithi yokushaja) obekungazwakala ngomshuwalense ongashintshi, ongenakunakwa uma ubekwe kuleyo ndawo. Ukushaja komqondo, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukushaja kokuhlola", kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe umkhakha wawo kagesi ukuphazamisa umkhakha oyinhloko futhi kufanele futhi kube nokuma ukuze kuvinjelwe umphumela wemikhakha kazibuthe. Njengoba inkambu kagesi ichazwa ngamandla, futhi amandla ayi-vector, enobukhulu nesiqondiso, ngakho-ke kulandela ukuthi inkambu kagesi iyinkambu ye-vector. Ukucwaninga ngamasimu kagesi adalwa yizinto ezinesisindo esingaguquki kubizwa ngokuthi i - electrostatics. Inkambu ingabonwa ngeso lengqondo ngesethi yemigqa engaqondakali enohlelo lwayo kunoma iyiphi indawo olufanayo nolwenkambu. Lo mqondo wethulwa uFaraday, ogama lakhe elithi 'imigqa yamandla' lisasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi. Imigqa yensimu yizindlela ukuthi iphuzu icala omuhle uyofuna ukwenza njengoba waphoqeleka ukuba ukuhambisa ngaphakathi ensimini; Nokho, kukhona umqondo okucatshangwayo kungekho khona ngokomzimba, futhi insimu igcwala yonke isikhala esiphakathi phakathi imigqa. Imigqa yenkambu evela emithwalweni engaguquki inezici eziningana eziyinhloko: okokuqala, ukuthi zivela emithwalweni emihle futhi ziphela emithwalweni emibi; okwesibili, ukuthi kufanele zingene kunoma yimuphi umqhubi omuhle nge-engela eliqondile, futhi okwesithathu, ukuthi azisoze zawela noma zavalwa ngokwazo.
Ukucwaninga ngamasimu kagesi adalwa yizinto ezinesisindo esingaguquki kubizwa ngokuthi i - electrostatics.