Chii chinorehwa ne"federalism miviri", uye yakasiyana sei ne"federalism yemubatanidzwa"?
Federalism inzira yehurumende umo simba rinogoverwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana. MuUnited States, tine hurongwa hune zvikamu zviviri, hurumende yemubatanidzwa kana kuti yenyika, uye pasi payo hurumende dzenyika. Hurumende mbiri dzehurumende (Dual federalism) inguva iri pakati pa1819 na1936 apo paiva nokuparadzaniswa kwakanyatsojeka kwemasimba pakati pehurumende yehurumende nehurumende dzenyika. Munguva iyi <unk>hurumende yenyika yakasiya nyika dzichiita zvinhu zvadzo muminda mikuru yemitemo <unk> yaisanganisira <unk>dzidzo, kutakura, uye kodzero dzevanhu, pakati pevamwe <unk>. Mukati menguva yefederalism mbiri, zviitiko zviviri zvakakosha zvakagadzira nhanho yenguva inotevera inonzi <unk> co-operative federalism <unk> (1936-zvino). Nyaya yokutanga yakanga iri McCulloch v. Maryland iyo yakadudza mutemo weConstitution's supremacy clause uye yakaratidza masimba ehurumende yehurumende mumutongo wairambidza hurumende yeMaryland kubvisa mutero kubhangi rehurumende. Mhosva yechipiri yaiva Gibbons v. Ogden iyo yakataura nezvesimba rehurumende yemubatanidzwa rokudzora kutengeserana kwepakati pematunhu zvichipa Gibbons kodzero yokufambisa vanhu kubva kuNew Jersey kuenda kuNew York. Mhosva mbiri idzi dzakashandiswa nehurumende yeFederal munguva yeNew Deal sechiitiko chekubvumira kubatana kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa iyo "kusanganiswa kwesimba, mutemo, uye zvigadziro pakati pehurumende dzenyika nehurumende dzenyika". "Hurumende yakagadzira zvirongwa zvinopa mari yemubatanidzwa munharaunda dzaiwanzova nzvimbo dzehurumende chete, dzakadai sehutano, kutakura, dzidzo, basa, uye kupedza urombo". Ikoku kunosiyana nefederalism miviri mukuti zvino tine musanganiswa nokugoverana masimba pakati pehurumende yenyika nehurumende dzenyika.