Ngicela unginike uhlu olufushane olunezinhlamvu lwezinto ezibalulekile ezatholakala elabhorethri kaGallo.
Context:Ngemva kokulalela inkulumo yesazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uDavid Baltimore nokukhuthazwa ngokwengeziwe isazi samagciwane esikanye naye, uRobert Ting, ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi ka-Howard Martin Temin ongasekho, uGallo waba nesithakazelo ekutadisheni ama-retrovirus, futhi wenza ukutadisha kwawo kwaba umsebenzi oyinhloko we-lab yakhe. Ngo-1976, uDoris Morgan, owayengumfundi ngonyaka wokuqala we-post-doctoral e-laboratory kaGallo, wacelwa nguGallo ukuba ahlole uketshezi lwamasiko ama-lymphocyte asebenzayo ekukhiqizeni okungenzeka kwezinto zokukhula. Ngokushesha waphumelela ekukhuliseni ama-T lymphocyte. UGallo, uMorgan noFrank Ruscetti, omunye umcwaningi waselabhorethri kaGallo, babhala iphepha kuyi-Science elichaza indlela yabo. Iqembu likaGallo lakhomba lokhu njenge-T-cell growth factor (TCGF). Igama lashintshwa ngo-1978 laba yi-IL-2 (interleukin-2) yiNgqungquthela Yesibili Yomhlaba Wonke Ye-Lymphokine (eyabanjelwa e-Interlaken, eSwitzerland). Nakuba imibiko yangaphambili yayichaze ama-molecule ancibilikayo anemiphumela engokwemvelo, imiphumela kanye ne-biochemistry yalezi zici yayingachazwanga kahle. Esinye sezibonelo zalokhu kwakuwumbiko kaJulius Gordon ngo-1965, owachaza ukuguqulwa kwama-lymphocyte e-extracellular media. Nokho, ukukhula kwamangqamuzana akuzange kuboniswe futhi uhlobo lwamangqamuzana oluthintekile aluzange lukhonjwe, okwenza ukuthi ubunikazi bezinto ezihilelekile bungacaci futhi nomsebenzi wazo wemvelo ungaziwa. Ukutholakala kwe-IL-2 kwavumela amangqamuzana e-T, ngaphambili ayecatshangwa ukuthi angamangqamuzana aphelile, ukuba akhule ngokuphawulekayo emasimini ngokokuqala ngqá, okuvula ucwaningo ezicini eziningi ze-immunology yamangqamuzana e-T. I-laboratory kaGallo kamuva yahlanza futhi yachaza i-IL-2 ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kwavumela abacwaningi ukuba bakhulise amangqamuzana e-T futhi bafunde amagciwane awathintayo, njenge-human T-cell leukemia virus, noma i-HTLV, i-retrovirus yokuqala eyabonwa kubantu, uBernard Poiesz, omunye umcwaningi we-post-doctoral osebenza elabhorethri kaGallo, owaba nendima ebalulekile ekuyihlukaniseni. Indima ye - HTLV egazini yacaciswa lapho uKiyoshi Takatsuki nabanye abacwaningi baseJapane, bedidekile ngokuqubuka kohlobo olungavamile lwe - leukemia, kamuva bethola i - retrovirus efanayo ngokuzimela, futhi womabili la maqembu abonisa ukuthi i - HTLV iyimbangela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu laseGallo eliseCaribbean lathola i-leukemia efanayo ehambisana ne-HTLV. Ngo-1982, uGallo wathola umklomelo i-Lasker: "Ngokucwaninga kwakhe okuholela ekutholeni igciwane lokuqala lomdlavuza le-RNA lomuntu [igama lakudala lama-retrovirus] nokuhlobana kwalo nezifo ezithile ze-leukemia ne-lymphoma".
Ukukhulisa ngempumelelo ama-T lymphocyte ngokokuqala ngqá I-interleukin-2 (IL-2) Igciwane le-T cell leukemia lomuntu I-retrovirus yokuqala yomuntu