Tichifunga nezvemashoko anotevera, chii chinokosha pamusoro peNhamba Dzokutanga?
Context:Nhamba yokutanga (kana kuti nhamba yokutanga) inhamba yomuzvarirwo yakakura kupfuura 1 iyo isiri chibereko chenhamba mbiri dzomuzvarirwo duku. Nhamba yomuzvarirwo inopfuura 1 isiri nhamba yokutanga inonzi nhamba yakaumbwa. Somuenzaniso, 5 inokosha nemhaka yokuti nzira bedzi dzokuinyora sechibereko, 1 × 5 kana kuti 5 × 1, dzinosanganisira 5 pachayo. Zvisinei, 4 yakaumbwa nokuti chigadzirwa (2 × 2) umo nhamba dzose dziri mbiri dziri duku kupfuura 4. Nhamba dzokutanga dzinokosha mu dzidziso yenhamba pamusana peshoko rinokosha rearithmetic: nhamba dzose dzepanyama dzakakura kudarika 1 dzinogona kuva nhamba huru pachadzo kana kuti dzinogona kugoverwa sechinhu chinogadzirwa nenhamba dzokutanga dzisina kufanana nedzimwe nhamba dzokutanga.  Pfuma yokuva mukuru inonzi ukuru. Nzira iri nyore asi inononoka yokuongorora kuti nhamba yakapiwa inokosha zvakadini  n, inonzi trial division, inoedza kana  n inoverengeka yenhamba ipi neipi pakati pe2 ne  {sqrt {n}} Maalgorithms anokurumidza anosanganisira Miller<unk>Rabin primality test, iyo inokurumidza asi ine mukana muduku wekukanganisa, uye AKS primality test, iyo nguva dzose inobudisa mhinduro yakarurama munguva ye polynomial asi inononoka kuti ishandiswe. Nzira dzinokurumidza zvikurusa dziripo nokuda kwenhamba dzemafomu chaiwo, akadai senhamba dzaMersenne. Kubva muna December 2018 nhamba huru inozivikanwa inonzi Mersenne prime ine 24,862,048 decimal digits.  Kune nhamba dzinokosha dzisingaverengeki, sezvakaratidzwa naEuclid munenge muna 300 BC. Hapana nzira iri nyore inozivikanwa inoparadzanisa nhamba dzokutanga nenhamba dzakaumbwa. Zvisinei, kugoverwa kwenhamba dzokutanga mukati mehuwandu hwehuwandu hunogona kuenzaniswa nenzira yezvinyorwa. Mugumisiro wokutanga uri munzira iyoyo inonzi prime number theorem, yakaratidzwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, iyo inoti mukana wenhamba huru yakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa uri prime unopesana nehuwandu hwayo hwemadhijiti, ndiko kuti, ku logarithm yayo.  Mibvunzo inoverengeka yezvakaitika kare pamusoro pezviverengero zvokutanga ichiri isina kupedzwa. Idzi dzinosanganisira fungidziro yaGoldbach, yokuti nhamba yose kunyange yakakura kupfuura 2 inogona kuratidzirwa sechiverengero chenhamba mbiri dzokutanga, uye fungidziro yokutanga yemapatya, yokuti kune nhamba dzisingagumi dzepamberi dzine nhamba imwe chete kunyange pakati padzo. Mibvunzo yakadaro yakakurudzira kukura kwemapazi akasiana-siana enhamba dzidziso, achinangidzira ngwariro pazvinhu zvokuongorora kana kuti zveargebraic zvenhamba. Primes anoshandiswa mumaitiro akawanda mu ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, zvakadai sevanhu-kiyi cryptography, iyo inotsamira pane kuoma kwekuita nhamba huru muzvikamu zvavo zvepamberi. Muchiverengero chechiverengero chechiverengero, zvinhu zvinozvibata nenzira yakajairika senhamba dzinotanga dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotanga uye pfungwa dzinotanga.
Nhamba yokutanga inhamba yomuzvarirwo yakakura kudarika imwe iyo inoparadzaniswa nayo yoga uye imwe. somuenzaniso 5 inhamba yokutanga sezvo ichiparadzaniswa ne5 uye 1, asi 4 haisi sezvo 4 ichiparadzaniswa ne4,2 uye 1