Chii chinonzi topography?
Rondedzero yenyika inodzidza nezvezvimiro nezvimiro zvomusoro wenyika. Nzvimbo yenzvimbo inogona kureva mafomu epasi uye zvinhu pachazvo, kana rondedzero kana kuratidzwa mumamepu.  Topography inzvimbo ye geoscience uye sayenzi yepuraneti uye ine hanya nemashoko emunharaunda kazhinji, kusanganisira kwete chete kubatsirwa, asiwo zvakasikwa, zvisikwa, uye tsika dzakadai semigwagwa, miganhu yenyika, uye zvivako. MuUnited States, topography kazhinji kazhinji inoreva zvakananga kubatsirwa, kunyange zvazvo USGS topographic maps inonyora kwete chete kukwirira kwepamusoro, asiwo migwagwa, nzvimbo dzakagarwa, zvivako, miganhu yepasi, nezvimwe zvakadaro.  Topography mupfungwa yakatetepa inobatanidza kunyorwa kwekubatsira kana nzvimbo, unhu hune mativi matatu hwepamusoro, uye kuzivikanwa kwezvimiro zvepasi; izvi zvinozivikanwawo se geomorphometry. Mukushandiswa kwemazuva ano, izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemashoko ekusimudza mu digital form (DEM). Inowanzonzi inosanganisira kuratidzwa kwemifananidzo yechimiro chenyika pamepu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsanangurwa kwezvigadziro zvekutsanangurwa kwemakadhi, kusanganisira mitsetse yemakona, hypsometric tints, uye kubvisa mumvuri.