Njengoba kunikezwe lesi sigaba esiphathelene nokwenziwa kwama-transistor, kungani abameli baseBell Labs beluleka uShockley ukuba angafaka isicelo sobunikazi bama-transistor akhe anekhono?
Context:Kusukela ngo-November 17 kuya ku-December 23, 1947, uJohn Bardeen noWalter Brattain e-AT & T's Bell Labs e-Murray Hill, eNew Jersey benza izivivinyo futhi babona ukuthi lapho kuthintwa amaphuzu amabili egolide ku-crystal ye-germanium, kwakhiqizwa isignali enamandla okukhipha amakhulu kunamandla okufaka. Umholi weSolid State Physics Group uWilliam Shockley wabona ukuthi lokhu kunamandla, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezalandela wasebenza ukuze andise kakhulu ulwazi ngama-semiconductors. Igama elithi transistor lasungulwa uJohn R. Pierce njengesifushaniso segama elithi transresistance. NgokukaLillian Hoddeson noVicki Daitch, uShockley wasikisela ukuthi ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala leBell Labs le-transistor kufanele lisekelwe kumphumela wensimu nokuthi abizwe njengomqambi. Ngemva kokuthola amalungelo obunikazi kaJulius Edgar Lilienfeld ayesefiphele eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili, abameli baseBell Labs beluleka ngokumelene nesiphakamiso sikaShockley ngoba umqondo we-transistor enomphumela wendawo eyayisebenzisa inkambu kagesi "njengegridi" wawungewona omusha. Kunalokho, lokho uBardeen, uBrattain, noShockley abakusungula ngo-1947 kwakuyi-transistor yokuqala yokuthintana. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1956 uShockley, uBardeen noBrattain bathola iNobel Prize ye-Physics "ngocwaningo lwabo ngama-semiconductor nangokuthola kwabo umphumela we-transistor".
Lo mbono wawusuvele uphakanyiswe futhi wagunyazwa uJulius Edgar Lilienfeld.