Wazalwa nini futhi kuphi uNero?
Context:UNero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (/ˈnɪəroʊ/ NEER-oh; owazalwa uLucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 Disemba AD 37 <unk> 9 Juni AD 68), wayengumbusi wesihlanu waseRoma nombusi wokugcina wobukhosi bukaJulius-Claudian, owabusa kusukela ngo-54 AD waze washona ngo-68 AD. Wakhuliswa umbusi waseRoma uClaudius lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala futhi wangena esikhundleni sakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi. UNero wayethandwa amalungu eQembu Labalindi Besihlalo Sobukhosi nabantu abavamile baseRoma nezifundazwe, kodwa wayezondwa kakhulu izicukuthwane zaseRoma. Imithombo eminingi yangaleso sikhathi imchaza njengomashiqela, ozitika ngobugovu, noziphethe kabi. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa iSigele SaseRoma njengesitha somphakathi, wazibulala eneminyaka engu - 30.  UNero wazalelwa e-Antium ngo-37 AD, indodana kaGnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus no-Agrippina Omncane, umzukulu womuntu owayengumbusi u-Augustus. Lapho uNero eneminyaka emibili ubudala, uyise washona. Unina washada nombusi uKlawudiyu, owagcina emamukele uNero njengendlalifa yakhe; lapho uKlawudiyu efa ngo-54 AD, uNero waba umbusi esekelwa abaQaphi Bombusi neSenate. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokubusa kwakhe, uNero wathola iseluleko nesiqondiso kunina, u-Agrippina, kumfundisi wakhe uSeneca Omncane nakuMphathi Wemilindankosi uSextus Afranius Burrus, kodwa ngokushesha wafuna ukuzibusa futhi wagqashula ethonyeni elalimvimbela. Umzabalazo wakhe wamandla nonina wagcina usuxazululiwe lapho ebulala unina. Imithombo yamaRoma iphinde ibeke uNero icala lokubulala umkakhe uClaudia Octavia <unk> ukuze akwazi ukushada noPoppaea Sabina <unk> nomfowabo ngomzali oyedwa uBrittannicus.  Iminikelo engokoqobo kaNero ekubuseni iRoma yayigxile kwezokuxhumana, kwezohwebo nakwezamasiko. Wayala ukuba kwakhiwe izinkundla zemidlalo, futhi wakhuthaza imidlalo nemincintiswano yezemidlalo. Wabuye wavela obala njengomdlali waseshashalazini, imbongi, umculi, kanye nomshayeli wezinqola, okwashaqisa abantu ababephila naye ababeyizicukuthwane njengoba le misebenzi ngokuvamile yayiyindawo yezigqila, abaculi bomphakathi kanye nabantu abadumile. Ukuzijabulisa okunjalo kwenza uNero waduma phakathi kwezakhamuzi eziphansi, kodwa ukuzijabulisa kwakhe kwalinciphisa isithunzi sobukhosi. Izindleko ezazihilelekile zazithwalwa izicukuthwane zendawo ngokuqondile noma ngokukhokha intela, futhi zazithukutheliswa kakhulu.  Phakathi nokubusa kukaNero, uCorbulo walwa neMpi YamaRoma NamaPhathi ka-58 kuya ku-63, futhi wenza ukuthula noMbuso wamaPhathi owawunobutha. Induna yempi yamaRoma uSuetonius Paulinus yaqeda ukuvukela okukhulu eBrithani okwakuholwa indlovukazi yakwa - Iceni uBoudica. Umbuso waseBosporus wahlanganiswa nombuso okwesikhashana, futhi kwaqala iMpi Yokuqala YamaJuda NamaRoma. Lapho isishoshovu esingumRoma uVindex sihlubuka, sisekelwa umbusi waseRoma uGalba, uNero kwathiwa uyisitha somphakathi futhi wagwetshelwa ukufa engekho. Wabaleka eRoma, futhi ngoJuni 9 AD 68 wazibulala. Ukufa kwakhe kwaqala inkathi emfushane yempi yombango eyaziwa ngokuthi uNyaka WamaKhosi Amane.  Imithombo eminingi yamaRoma inikeza izincazelo ezingezinhle ngobuntu bakhe nokubusa kwakhe. Isazi-mlando uTacitus sithi abantu baseRoma babecabanga ukuthi unenkani futhi ukhohlakele. USuetonius ulandisa ukuthi amaRoma amaningi ayekholelwa ukuthi uMlilo Omkhulu WaseRoma waqalwa uNero ukuze asuse indawo ayehlele ukwakha kuyo "iNdlu Yegolide". UTacitus uthi uNero wabamba amaKristu njengama-scapegoat emlilweni futhi wawashisa ephila, ngokusobala engashukunyiswa ubulungisa bomphakathi kodwa unya lomuntu siqu. Ezinye izazi-mlando zanamuhla ziyangabaza ukuthembeka kwemithombo yasendulo ngezenzo zikaNero zobushiqela, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthandwa kwakhe phakathi kwabantu abavamile baseRoma. Ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga yoMbuso, kwavela inganekwane ethandwayo yokuthi uNero wayengakafi futhi wayezobuya. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, okungenani abaholi abathathu bokuvukela okwathatha isikhathi esifushane kodwa kwahluleka bazibiza ngokuthi "uNero ozelwe kabusha" ukuze bathole ukwesekwa abantu.  Ukuphila kwakhe kwasekuqaleni UNero wazalwa uLucius Domitius Ahenobarbus mhlaka 15 Disemba 37 AD e-Antium (Anzio yanamuhla).: 87 Wayewukuphela kwengane, indodana yesazi sezombusazwe uGnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus noAgrippina Omncane. Unina u-Agrippina wayengudadewabo wombusi wesithathu waseRoma uCaligula.: 5 UNero wayebuye abe umzukulu-mkhulu wombusi wangaphambili u-Augustus (owavela endodakazini ka-Augustus okuwukuphela kwayo, uJuliya).: 2   Umlobi wesikhathi sasendulo uSuetonius, owayegxeka okhokho bakaNero, wabhala ukuthi umbusi u-Augustus wayegxeke umkhulu kaNero ngokujabulela kwakhe imidlalo enobudlova yama-gladiator. NgokukaJürgen Malitz, uSuetonius ulandisa ukuthi uyise kaNero wayaziwa ngokuthi "unentukuthelo futhi unesihluku", nokuthi bobabili "babejabulela imincintiswano yezinqola nemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngezinga elingafanelani nesikhundla sabo".  UDomitius washona ngo-40 C.E. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kukayise, uyise wayebandakanyeke ecaleni elikhulu lezombusazwe.: 3 Unina nodadewabo ababili abasaphila, uAgrippina noJulia Livilla, badingiselwa esiqhingini esikude oLwandle iMedithera.: 4 Unina kuthiwa wadingiselwa ekudingisweni ngenxa yokuceba ukudiliza umbusi uCaligula. Ifa likaNero lathathwa kuye, futhi wathunyelwa ukuba ayohlala nomalumekazi wakhe kababa uDomitia Lepida Omncane, unina womfazi wesithathu kaKlawudiyu, uMessalina.   I-Aureus kaNero nonina, c. Amashumi amahlanu nane. Umbhalo ongezansi: I-AVG. UDIVI CLAVD. / UNERONI CLAVD. DIVI F. CAES. I-AVG. I-GERM. I-IMP. I - TR. P. <unk> I-EX SC Ngemva kokufa kukaCaligula, uClaudius waba uMbusi omusha waseRoma. Unina kaNero washada noClaudius ngo-49 AD, waba ngumkakhe wesine. NgoFebhuwari, ngo-49 AD, unina wayemncenge uClaudius ukuba amukele indodana yakhe uNero.  Ngemuva kokutholwa kukaNero ngumbusi, "uClaudius" waba yingxenye yegama lakhe: Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus.[iii] UClaudius wakhipha izinhlamvu zemali zegolide ukuphawula lokhu kutholwa.: 119 UProfesa weClassics uJosiah Osgood ubhale ukuthi "izinhlamvu zemali, ngokusabalalisa kwazo nangemifanekiso yazo, zabonisa ukuthi kwakwenziwa uMholi omusha. ": 231 Kodwa-ke, uDavid Shotter waphawula ukuthi, naphezu kwezenzakalo eRoma, umfowabo kaNero uBritannicus wayegqame kakhulu emalini yasesifundazweni ekuqaleni kwawo-50s.: 52   Isidumbu sikaNero, eNational Museum e-Oslo UNero wangena emphakathini njengomuntu omdala ngo-51 AD eneminyaka engaba ngu-14 ubudala.: 51 Lapho eseneminyaka engu-16, uNero washada nendodakazi kaClaudius (udadewabo omzalayo), uClaudia Octavia. Phakathi neminyaka engu-51 AD no-53 AD, wanikeza izinkulumo eziningana egameni lemiphakathi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nama-Ilians; ama-Apamans (ecela ukuhlehliswa kwentela yeminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba); kanye nekoloni elisenyakatho yeBologna, ngemuva kokuthi indawo yabo yokuhlala ihlupheke ngomlilo owonakalisayo.: 231   UClaudius washona ngo-54 AD; izazi-mlando eziningi zasendulo zithi u-Agrippina wamfaka ushevu. UShotter ubhale ukuthi "ukufa kukaClaudius ngo-54 AD ngokuvamile kuye kwabhekwa njengesenzakalo esasheshiswa u-Agrippina ngenxa yezimpawu zokuthi uClaudius wayebonisa uthando olusha ngendodana yakhe engokwemvelo". Futhi uphawula ukuthi phakathi kwemithombo yasendulo, isazi - mlando esingumRoma uJosephus sasinesizotha ngendlela ehlukile ekuchazeni lokhu kufakwa ubuthi njengehlebe.: 53   Imithombo yanamuhla ayifani ekulandiseni kwayo ngalokhu kudliwa ushevu. UTacitus uthi umenzi wobuthi uLocusta walungisa ubuthi, owanikezwa uMbusi inceku yakhe uHalotus. UTacitus ubhala nokuthi u-Agrippina wahlela ukuthi udokotela kaClaudius uXenophon amnikeze ushevu, uma nje uMbusi esindile.: 53 USuetonius uhlukile kwezinye imininingwane, kodwa futhi ubandakanya uHalotus no-Agrippina. [iv] NjengoTacitus, uCassius Dio ubhala ukuthi ushevu walungiswa nguLocusta, kepha ku-akhawunti kaDion uphathwa ngu-Agrippina esikhundleni sikaHalotus. Encwadini ethi Apocolocyntosis, uSeneca Omncane akakhulumi nhlobo ngamakhowe.: 54 Ukuhileleka kuka-Agrippina ekufeni kukaClaudius akuvunywa yibo bonke abacwaningi banamuhla.: 589   Ngaphambi kokufa kukaKlawudiyu, u - Agrippina wenza icebo lokususa abafundisi bamadodana kaKlawudiyu ukuze athole abanye ayebakhethile. Wakwazi nokwenza ukuba uClaudius athathe isikhundla sabaphathi ababili bePraetorian Guard (ababesolwa ngokusekela indodana kaClaudius) esikhundleni sika-Afranius Burrus (umqondisi kaNero wesikhathi esizayo).: 13 Njengoba u-Agrippina ayeshintshe izikhulu zempi zamaphoyisa ngamadoda ayethembekile kuye, uNero wakwazi ukuthatha umbuso ngaphandle kwezinkinga.: 417
UNero wazalelwa eAntium (i-Anzio yanamuhla, e-Italy) ngo-December 15, 37 AD.