Tichifunga nezvemashoko ari kurehwa, mambo upi weRoma akapa vanhu vose vakasununguka kodzero yokuva vagari veRoma?
Context:Zana ramakore rechitatu AD rakaratidzira kumwe kufambira mberi kunoshamisa kwoumambo pamwe chete nokuderera nokuparara kunobvira. Chirevo chaMambo Caracalla muna 212 AD chinozivikanwa somutemo waAntoninian chakapa ugari hweRoma kumunhu wose akasununguka muumambo, chichitanga kuderera kwekukosha kweguta reRoma uye zvirokwazvo kweItaly yeRoma kuUmambo hweRoma. Pakazosvika pakati pezana ramakore rechitatu AD, Pax Romana yakanga yasvika kumugumo, uye nhamo dzinoverengeka dzakarova umambo panguva imwe chete munguva inozivikanwa munhau seNjodzi yezana ramakore rechitatu. Nguva iyi yakaona umambo huchifumurwa nokuwandisa kwemari, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kuparadzana uye hondo dzevagari vemo dzaiitika kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka. Kupatsanuka kwakaguma nekukunda kwakaita mambo Aurelian wePalmyrene Empire neGallic Empire muna 273 na274 AD, apo Aurelian akabatanidza umambo hwakapatsanuka uhwo, maererano nevanyori venhoroondo vakawanda, hwaifanira kunge hwakaparara. Zvisinei, Aurelian akapondwa muna 276 AD, zvichikonzera hondo dzomunyika dzakawanda. Dambudziko racho rakapera chete nokuva mambo kwaDiocletian pachigaro. Nyika dzokuMadokero ndidzo dzakatambura zvakanyanya pamakumi emakore aya enhamo pamusana pokusiyana uku pakati peEast Hellenised yakasimbiswa uye yakabudirira zvikuru neWest West yechiduku yakatorwa uye yechiRoma yakanga yapfuurira. Uku kukamuraniswa kwetsika kwoUmambo hweRoma kuva rutivi rwokumabvazuva rwechiGiriki nerwokumadokero rwechiLatin kwakava kunokosha zvikuru mumazana amakore akazotevera, kuchitungamirira kukamuraniswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenyika mbiri dzeRoma.  Mambo Diocletian akagadzira gadziriro yokutonga inozivikanwa seDominate kuti avimbise kuchengeteka munharaunda dzose dzaiva mungozi dzoumambo hwake. Hurumende yaitonga yakanga ichienzaniswa nehurumende yaitonga, hurumende huru youmambo, iyo yakaisa nheyo dzechimiro chesimba roUmambo hweRoma hwokuMabvazuva hwaizouya. Ikoku kwakabva kwaunza kugoverwazve uye kuderedzwa kwemapurovhinzi eRoma. Diocletian akarasa kutaura kupi nokupi kwokutonga kwehurumende sezvo mambo akabva pakuva "Muchinda" achiva "Dominus" - Ishe uye tenzi. Diocletian akapedzawo basa rokugadzirisa umambo, kubva pakuva umambo hwaive hwemaoresa hwaitongwa neRoma nevaRoma vokuItaly muzana remakore rokutanga AD kusvika pakuva umambo hukuru hwaive husingabatanidzwi neguta reRoma kana kuti Italy, zvino raingova rimwe dunhu reumambo hweRoma pakati pemamwe akawanda. Mutemo wokuti madzimambo ave vaRoma vokuItaly wakatanga kuputswa namambo Trajan uyo akauya achibva kuHispania. Pakasvika nguva youmambo hwaSeveran, madzimambo akawanda akanga achibva kunze kweItaly. Apo Diocletian akaunza gadziridzo dzake, izvi zvakava nomuuyo weSeneti yeRoma zvakarasikirwa nenzira yepamutemo pesvedzero yayo yeumambo yakanga yava kuderera uye yakava de facto mutumbi wedunhu wokutora zvisarudzo.  Muenzaniso wokutanga wokuparadzaniswa kwoumambo kuva Mabvazuva neMadokero wakaitika muna 286, apo Mambo Diocletian akagadza Maximian saAugustus weMadokero. Muna 293 AD, umambo hwacho hwakapatsanurwa pasi paDiocletian hunozivikanwa seTetrarchy. Umambo hwakakamurwa kuva mana, namativi maviri akatanhamara zvikurusa oumambo mumwe nomumwe achitongwa namambo mumwe (Augustus). Mubati-mambo mumwe nomumwe ipapo akagadza shamwari yake duku saKesari kuti ave mambo muduku ane kudzora ndima yake amene. Kesari akagoverana simba nomushandi mukuru uye pakupedzisira aizomutsiva. Tetrarch mumwe nomumwe aitarisira chikamu cheumambo, nokuparadzaniswa kwakavakirwa panharaunda dzomunyika. Kugoverwa uku kunorondedzera kupatsanuka kwaizouya makore 100 gare gare apo umambo hwakaparadzaniswa nokusingaperi kuva umambo hwokumabvazuva nehwokumadokero. Tetrarchy yakangogara makore 20 bedzi, sezvo madzimambo akakurumidza kutanga kurwisana nokuda kwesimba. Umambo hwose pakupedzisira hwakabatanidzwazve naConstantine Mukuru muna 324 pashure pokunge agumisa hondo yokupedzisira yehondo dzavagari vemo idzi.
Mambo Caracalla akapa vanhu vose vakasununguka vaiva muUmambo hweRoma kodzero yokuva vagari veRoma.