Chii chinonzi CRISPR?
CRISPR (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) imhuri yezvinyorwa zveDNA zvinowanikwa mugenome dzezvinhu zvipenyu zvinonzi prokaryotic zvakadai sebhakitiriya uye archaea. Zvikamu izvi zvinobva muzvidimbu zveDNA zvebhakitiriya dzakanga dzambobata prokaryote. Anoshandiswa kuona uye kuparadza DNA inobva mumabhakitiriya akafanana panguva yokutapukirwa kunotevera. Nokudaro idzi nhevedzano dzinoita basa rinokosha mumishonga inorwisa utachiona (kureva anti-phage) yokudzivirira yeprokaryotes uye inopa chimiro chokusadzivirirwa. CRISPR inowanikwa munenge mu50% yemageneoma emabhakitiriya akarongwa uye munenge mu90% yemageneoma ekare akarongwa.  Cas9 (kana kuti " CRISPR-associated protein 9") inonzi enzyme inoshandisa CRISPR sequences semutungamiri kuti azive uye apatsanure tambo dzakananga dzeDNA dzinoenderana neCRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes pamwe chete neCRISPR sequences zvinoumba hwaro hwetekinoroji inozivikanwa seCRISPR-Cas9 iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa majini mukati mezvipenyu. Nzira iyi yokugadzira ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira kutsvakurudza zvinhu zvipenyu, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine chokuita nouchenjeri hwokugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu, uye kurapwa kwezvirwere. Kuvandudzwa kweCRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique kwakazivikanwa neNobel Prize in Chemistry muna 2020 iyo yakapihwa kuna Emmanuelle Charpentier naJennifer Doudna.  Muna 2022, muhurongwa hweUnited States Patent uye Trademark Office (kupindira 106,115), Patent Trial uye Appeal Board yakasarudza kuti muvambi weUS patent inovhara kushandiswa kweCRISPR-Cas9 mumasero eukaryotic ndiFeng Zhang, purofesa weBroad Institute.