Thola ukuthi inani labantu base-Indus Valley Civilization lalingakanani kusuka kulesi sigaba
Context:Impucuko yase-Indus Valley (IVC), eyaziwa nangokuthi iMpucuko yase-Indus kwakuyimpucuko yeNkathi Yethusi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Asia, ehlala kusukela ngo-3300 BCE kuya ku-1300 BCE, futhi ngesimo sayo esivuthiwe ngo-2600 BCE kuya ku-1900 BCE. Kanye neGibithe lasendulo neMesophothamiya, kwakungenye yempucuko yokuqala emithathu yaseMpumalanga Eseduze naseNingizimu Asia, futhi kulezi ezintathu, yayisabalele kakhulu. Izindawo zayo zazisuka engxenyeni enkulu yePakistan, ziye enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afghanistan, nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya. Impucuko yachuma kokubili ethafeni elinemifudlana yoMfula i-Indus, ogeleza ubude bePakistan, nangasohlangothini lwemifula engapheli edliwa yizimvula eyayike yageleza eduze kweGhaggar-Hakra, umfula osetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya nasempumalanga yePakistan.  Ngezinye izikhathi igama elithi Harappa lisetshenziselwa impucuko yase-Indus ngemva kwendawo yayo yohlobo iHarappa, eyokuqala eyavubukulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kulokho okwakuyisifundazwe sasePunjab saseBrithani India futhi manje eyiPunjab, ePakistan. Ukutholakala kweHarappa futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho kweMohenjo-daro kwakuwumvuthwandaba womsebenzi owawuqale ngemva kokusungulwa kweArchaeological Survey of India ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseBrithani ngo-1861. Kwakukhona amasiko angaphambi nangemva kwalokho abizwa ngokuthi amaHarappa okuqala namaHarappa asephelile endaweni efanayo. Amasiko okuqala amaHarappa ayenabantu abavela emasikweni eNeolithic, okuyiwona asendulo futhi aziwa kakhulu yiMehrgarh, eBalochistan, ePakistan. Ngezinye izikhathi impucuko yaseHarappa ibizwa ngokuthi iHarappa Evuthiwe ukuze ihlukaniswe namasiko akudala.  Amadolobha ase-Indus yasendulo ayephawuleka ngokuhlelwa kwawo kwamadolobha, izindlu ezakhiwe ngezitini ezibhakiwe, izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwamanzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlelo zokuhambisa amanzi, amaqoqo ezakhiwo ezinkulu ezingezona zokuhlala, kanye namasu ezobuciko nezinsimbi. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iMohenjo-daro neHarappa zakhula zaba nabantu abaphakathi kuka - 30 000 no - 60 000, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi le mpucuko yayinabantu abaphakathi kwesigidi esisodwa kuya kwezigidi ezinhlanu phakathi nenkathi yokuchuma kwayo. Ukoma kancane kancane kwalesi sifunda phakathi nenkulungwane yesithathu B.C.E. kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyisisusa sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwaso emadolobheni. Ekugcineni futhi kwanciphisa ukunikezwa kwamanzi ngokwanele ukuba kubangele ukuphela kwempucuko nokuhlakaza abantu bayo baye empumalanga.  Yize sekubikwe izindawo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ze-Mature Harappan futhi kwavunjululwa cishe ikhulu, kunezikhungo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zasemadolobheni: iMohenjo-daro esigodini esingezansi se-Indus (esimenyezelwe njenge-UNESCO World Heritage Site ngo-1980 njenge- "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), iHarappa entshonalanga yesifunda sasePunjab, iGaneriwala ehlane laseCholistan, iDholavira entshonalanga yeGujarat (emenyezelwe njenge-UNESCO World Heritage Site ngo-2021 njenge- "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), kanye neRakhigarhi eHaryana. Ulimi lwesiHarappa alufakazelwa ngokuqondile, futhi ukuhlobana kwalo akuqinisekile njengoba umbhalo we - Indus usalokhu ungaqondakali. Ubudlelwano nomkhaya wolimi lwesiDravidian noma isi-Elamo-Dravidian buyanconywa yingxenye yezazi.
Isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphila kwesintu eSigodini Sase-Indus sasinabantu abaphakathi kwesigidi nesigamu kuya kwabahlanu.