Kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu echinyakare enyaya, ndeapi ari mamiriro ezvinhu azvino uno enyaya?
Context:Plasma: Zvikamu zviduku zvakasununguka, kazhinji kazhinji zviri muuwandu hwakaenzana, zvakadai semaion nemaerekitironi. Kusiyana nemagasi, plasma inogona kuzvigadzira yoga masimba emagineti nemagetsi uye kupindura zvakasimba uye pamwe chete kumasimba emagetsi. Plasma haina kujairika paPasi (kunze kweiyoosphere), kunyangwe iri iyo yakajairika mamiriro ezvinhu muchadenga. Mvura yakanyanyisa: Pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, musiyano uri pakati pemvura negasi unonyangarika. Chinhu chakaparadzwa: chinhu chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, chinotsigirwa neP Pauli kusabatanidzwa. Zvinhu zvinokanganiswa nemaerekitironi: zvinowanikwa mukati menyeredzi duku chena. Maerekitironi anoramba akasungirirwa maatomu asi anogona kutamira kumatomu ari pedyo. Neutron-degenerate matter: inowanikwa mu neutron stars. Dzvinyiriro huru yegiravhiti inomanikidza maatomu zvakasimba kwazvo zvokuti maerekitironi anomanikidzwa kubatanidzwa namaprotoni kupfurikidza neInverse beta decay, zvichiguma nokuungana kwakanyanyisa kwenyutron. (Kazhinji kazhinji ma neutrons akasununguka ari kunze kwenyuchi yeatomu achaparara nehafu yenguva yemaminiti asingasviki gumi namashanu, asi munyeredzi ye neutron, sezviri munyuchi yeatomu, mimwe miuyo inodzikamisa ma neutrons.) Chinhu chisingazivikanwi: Rudzi rwemashoko e quark angave aripo mukati meimwe nyeredzi dze neutron pedyo neTolman<unk>Oppenheimer<unk>Volkoff muganhu (anenge 2<unk>3 masikati masikati). Inogona kugadzikana mumamiriro esimba akaderera kana yaumbwa. Quantum spin Hall state: chikamu chedzidziso chinogona kuzarura nzira yokugadzira michina yemagetsi inoparadza simba shoma uye inobereka kupisa kushoma. Ichi chibereko chenzira ye quantum yeHall yenyaya. Bose<unk>Einstein condensate: chimiro umo nhamba huru yemaboson yose inogara mu quantum state imwe chete, chaizvoizvo ichiva imwe chete wave/particle. Iyi inhanho ine simba shoma iyo inogona kuumbwa bedzi mumamiriro ezvinhu orabhoritari uye patembiricha yakaderera zvikuru. Inofanira kuva pedyo nezero kelvin, kana kuti zero yakakwana. Satyendra Nath Bose naAlbert Einstein vakafanotaura kuvapo kwemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro muma1920, asi hazvina kucherechedzwa kusvikira muna 1995 naEric Cornell naCarl Wieman. Fermionic condensate: Yakafanana neBose-Einstein condensate asi inoumbwa nema fermions, inozivikanwawo seFermi-Dirac condensate. Pfungwa yaPauli yokuregererwa inodzivisa mafermion kupinda mu quantum state imwe chete, asi fermion mbiri dzinogona kuita sebhoson, uye mapara akawanda akadaro anogona kupinda mu quantum state imwe chete pasina kurambidzwa. Superconductivity: chiitiko chakanyatsoita zero yemagetsi kuramba uye kudzingwa kweminda yemagineti kunoitika mune zvimwe zvinhu kana zvotonhorera pazasi pechimiro chakakomba. Kupfuuridza mwero ndiko mamiriro ezvinhu ezvokuvamba zvesimbi dzakawanda. Superfluid: Chimiro chinowanikwa nemvura shomanana inonzi cryogenic patembiricha yakanyanyisa iyo inokwanisa kuyerera pasina kukakavadzana. Mvura inenge yakanyanyisa kuyerera inogona kuyerera ichikwira necheparutivi pemudziyo wakavhurika uye ichidzika nechokunze. Kuisa superfluid mumudziyo unotenderera kunoguma nemavhiringidziro akaenzana. Supersolid: yakafanana ne superfluid, supersolid inogona kufamba pasina kukakavara asi inochengetedza chimiro chakasimba. Quantum spin liquid: Mamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongeka mune imwe nzira yekubatana kwe quantum spins iyo inochengetedza kusagadzikana kwayo kune tembiricha shoma, kusiyana nedzimwe nyika dzisina kurongeka. Mvura ine tambo-net: Maatomu ari mumamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kugadzikana, sezvinoita mvura, asi anoramba akafanana mumamiriro ezvinhu ose, sezvinoita chinhu chakasimba. Makristasi enguva: Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu apo chinhu chinogona kuva nokufamba kunyange chiri mumamiriro acho ezvinhu esimba akaderera zvikuru. Rydberg polaron: Mamiriro ezvinhu enyaya anogona kuvapo bedzi patembiricha dzakaderera zvikuru uye anoumbwa namaatomu ari mukati mamaatomu. Chando chakasviba: Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu anogona kuvapo pasi pokumanikidzwa kwakakwirira zvikuru apo anokurudzirwa ne super lasers.
1. Zvinhu zvose. Plasma: Plasma ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa pazvinhu zvose zviri muchadenga, asi haisi kuwanzoshandiswa pasi pano. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya enyaya anoumbwa nezvikamu zviduku zvine simba, zvakadai semaion nemaerekitironi. Zvisinei, kufanana negasi, rinogona kubudisa magineti. 2. Kuziva Mwari. Supercritical fluid: Chinhu chisina musiyano wakajeka pakati pokuva gasi nechinwiwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anowanikwa patembiricha dzakakwirira uye kumanikidzwa. 3. Kuita zvinhu nenzira yakanaka. Chinhu Chinoparara: Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru enyaya nemhaka yokumanikidzwa kwakakwirira zvikuru. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya enyaya anowanikwa zvakasikwa mune nyeredzi dziri mumamiriro adzo okupedzisira okushanduka-shanduka. 4. Bose-Einstein condensate: Chikamu chenyaya umo nhamba huru yemaboson yose inogara mumamiriro akafanana e quantum. Iyi nhanho inoda tembiricha iri pedyo nezero yakakwana yegasi rine density yakaderera zvikuru. 5. Kuita zvinhu zvakanaka. Fermionic condensate: Zvakafanana neBose-Einstein condensate, kunze kwekuti ine fermions panzvimbo pemabosons. 6. Kuita basa rokuparidza Superconductivity: Zvimwe zvinhu zvepakutanga zvinogona kuwana mamiriro epamusoro ekupfuura apo pasina magetsi anopesana uye magnetic flux minda inodzingwa. Nepo vatungamiriri vazhinjisa vachava nokuramba kwakaderedzwa sezvo tembiricha inoderedzwa, superconductors achakurumidza kuwana kuramba kusina chinhu patembiricha inokosha yakati. 7. Superfluid: Mamwe manyoro anogona kupinda muchimiro ichi chenyaya apo, patembiricha yakaderera zvikuru, anokwanisa kuyerera pasina kukweshera. 8. Supersolid: Yakafanana ne superfluid, kunze kwokuti inogona kufamba pasina kukakavara muchimiro chakasimba, chakasimba. 9. Kuparidza Quantum spin liquid: Mamiriro ezvinhu anowanikwa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvine chokuita nequantum spin. Muzvinhu zvizhinji zvine magineti, ma spins anoumba mifananidzo yakavakirwa pakubatana kwawo nemamwe ma spins akavakidzana nawo. Zvisinei, mumvura inonzi quantum spin, dzinoramba dziri mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongeka, dzisingambogadziri chimiro chinodzivisa kuti dzisave mumamiriro ezvinhu akatsiga, akarongeka. Gumi. Mvura ine tambo-mambure: Maatomu ari mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ane chimiro chakafanana chakafanana sechimwe chinhu chakasimba, asi marongerwo awo haana kugadzikana. Gumi nerimwe. Time crystals: A quantum system of particles that exhibits non-kinetic motion of particles at their lowest-energy state. Time crystals: quantum system of particles that exhibits non-kinetic motion of particles at their lowest-energy state. Makumi maviri. Rydberg polaron: Mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika enyaya anogadzirwa patembiricha yakaderera umo maatomu makuru zvikuru ane mamwe maatomuwo zvawo ari pakati penyuchi nemaerekitironi. Makumi Matatu Chando chetsvina: Chinhu ichi chikamu chemvura chinowanikwa pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye patembiricha yakakwirira.