Nikeza isifinyezo somsebenzi ka-Oliver Cromwell Applegate kanye neminyaka eyalandela.
Context:UCaptain Oliver Cromwell Applegate (June 11, 1845 <unk> October 11, 1938) wayengusopolitiki waseMelika, umhleli wephephandaba, kanye nomenzeli wamaNdiya esifundazweni sase-U.S. sase-Oregon. Ilungu lomndeni wakwa-Applegate elasiza ukuvula i-Applegate Trail, wakhulela eSouthern Oregon lapho kamuva ayephethe khona i-Klamath Indian Reservation. Wayesebenza njengesithunywa ngesikhathi seModoc War, wayengumenzeli wamaNdiya e-Oregon, futhi wayengumhleli we-Ashland Tidings ne-Klamath Republican.  Iminyaka yokuqala U-Oliver Applegate wazalelwa endlini yezingodo esifundeni saseYamhill, manje esiyiPolk County, e-Oregon, ngoJuni 11, 1845. Ngaleso sikhathi le ndawo yayiyingxenye ye-Oregon Country, kodwa ngo-1848 yaba yingxenye ye-Oregon Territory. Wayeyindodana yesithupha nengane yesikhombisa yephayona elaziwayo, uLindsay Applegate, owayezalelwe eKentucky, nomkakhe, u-Elizabeth (Miller) Applegate, owazalelwa eTennessee ngo-1816. ULindsay Applegate wayengomunye wabaholi be-Great Migration ka-1843 owenza i-Oregon yaba yaseMelika futhi wayevelele ezimpini zakuqala zamaNdiya, futhi njengomhloli wamazwe.  Lapho u-Oliver Applegate eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, umndeni wathuthela e-Yoncalla Valley maphakathi nentshonalanga ye-Oregon; kwakukhona eminye imindeni emithathu noma emine kuphela kuleyo ndawo ngaleso sikhathi ngaphandle kweqembu lika-Applegate, elalinebazalwane, uCharles, uLindsay noJesse, nemindeni yabo.  Isimiso sezikole ezivamile sasisesimweni esiphansi ngalesosikhathi, futhi ukuqhubeka kwazo kwakungeke kuncike ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Nokho, imikhaya yase-Applegate yayinezincwadi ezanele, ukuze yengeze amathuba amancane emfundo, futhi njengomthetho inzalo yalamadoda anamandla emingceleni yazisebenzisa ngokwayo wonke amathuba anikezwayo ukuze yazise izingqondo zayo, kanye nokuba abagibeli bamahhashi abaphumelele, abasebenza kahle ekusebenziseni isibhamu futhi okunye okunye okulungiselelwe izimpi zemingcele ezazingavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nabakhileyo bomdabu bezwe.  Ngo-1860, umndeni wathuthela ezintabeni zaseSiskiyou eduze komngcele waseCalifornia, uLindsay Applegate waba ngumnikazi womgwaqo okhokhelwayo phezu kwezintaba, kwathi ngo-1862, wathuthela e-Ashland, e-Oregon, okwaqhubeka kuyikhaya lomndeni iminyaka eminingi.  Umsebenzi wakhe Phakathi nobusika buka-1862, u-Oliver waya esikoleni sesifunda e-Ashland, futhi entwasahlobo elandelayo wathola isitifiketi futhi ekwindla elandelayo waba uthisha, futhi ebusika obune obulandelanayo, waqhuba isikole sase-Ashland. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1863, waba yilungu leqembu lezempi elizimele, okuwukuphela kwalo eSouthern Oregon, iqembu labamahhashi elaziwa ngokuthi yi "Mountain Rangers", lapho iningi lezakhamizi eziholayo zezwe lalikhona. Wakhonza njengomuntu oyedwa kule nkampani ngonyaka wokuqala, ngonyaka wesibili njengensizwa futhi ngonyaka wesithathu wakhethwa ukuba ngukaputeni, ethola amakhomishini akhe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ku-Addison C. Gibbs, umbusi omdala wempi wase-Oregon.  Ngo-1865, uyise wamiswa njenge-United States Indian Agent phezu kwamaKlamath namaModoc eFort Klamath. Ngokwesivumelwano sika - 1864, amaNdiya kwakumelwe abuthelwe endaweni yaseKlamath Reservation. Le nqaba kwakuwukuphela kwendawo esempumalanga yeCascades kuleyo ndawo eseduze lapho kwakukhona khona abantu abamhlophe. U-Applegate osemncane waqokwa njengomsizi wommeli, futhi lokho kwaba ukuqala kwenkonzo eyathatha iminyaka eminingana, ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwe-ejensi ehlukahlukene, ngesikhathi athola ngaso ithonya ezizweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Oregon, azisebenzisela inzuzo enhle kamuva lapho ukuqubuka kweModoc kuka-1872 kwenzeka. Cishe lokhu kuthonya ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye inhlangano ekugcineni kwaphumela ekuguqulweni kwezizwe zamaNdiya ezinamandla kakhulu ukuba zibe abalimi nabelusi bemfuyo.  Lapho eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala, u-Applegate wayephethe inkampani eyingqayizivele yezinhloli, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Ax and Rifle Company", ngoba wonke umuntu wayephethe isikela kanye nesibhamu. Lenkampani yayakhiwa amadoda angamashumi amahlanu, ukaputeni eyindoda emhlophe kuphela, kuyilapho izinduna ezihlukahlukene zezizwe ezihlukahlukene zazingabaphathi nabaphathi. Bavula indlela enqamula emahlathini omuthi wephayini ukuze kuhambe inqola enkulu yezimpahla nezinkomo zenyama ezazehlela enkampanini yaseKlamath zisuka eThe Dalles, okuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuqaliseni ukusebenza ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sika-1864 ukuze kuzuze izizwe eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Oregon. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi nempi namaNdiya angamaNyoka noma amaPaiute.  Isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuqubuka kweModoc ngo-1872, u-Applegate wayephethe i-Yainax sub-agency, amamayela angamashumi amane entshonalanga ye-ejensi yendlunkulu, ngaleso sikhathi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-Agent Laroy S. Dyar. Eduze neYainax kwakukhona iqembu eliyinhloko lamaModoc ngaphansi kukaChief Schonchin odumile, futhi kuye kwakufanele kube namaqembu anesiphithiphithi ngaphansi kwesikhulu samaModoc, uKaputeni Jack. Indaba yokuthi uKaputeni uJack neqembu lakhe benqaba kanjani ukungena endaweni yokulondolozwa, nezenzakalo ezalandela, zakha umlando weMpi YamaModoc. U-Applegate wadlala indima evelele kule drama enegazi.  Ngo-1873, waba nguKhomishana wase-U.S. onegunya lokwahlulela ngokumelene nomthetho wesifundazwe endaweni.  Ngo-1876, abanye babangane baka-Applegate bacela ukuba aqokwe njengenxusa jikelele lamaNdiya e-Oregon, becabanga ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela ulwazi lwakhe olungavamile ekuphatheni izindaba zamaNdiya lungasetshenziselwa injongo enhle ekukhuthazeni izimo ezithuthukayo ezinhlanganweni eziningana esifundazweni. USenator Nesmith owayengumDemokhrasi, wayengumsekeli oshisekayo walolu hlelo futhi wabhala kanje, kuMhlonishwa uZach Chandler, uNobhala Wezangaphakathi kaGrant, ayesebenze naye eSenate yase-U.S.: "UMnu. Applegate uyindoda enamasiko nekhono, futhi, ngokungafani nami, ungumRepublican ovelele futhi uthembekile ngangokunokwenzeka kumuntu onemibono yakhe yezepolitiki ephendukezelwe. Ngiyazi ukuthi uzongithethelela ngokwenza iziphakamiso zokumisa abaphathi engingabasekeli, kodwa ngikwenza lokhu ukuze ngikhuthaze izinguquko ozisungule ngenjabulo". Ngo-1898, u-Applegate wathatha indawo yaseKlamath Reservation njenge-United States Indian agent, futhi wakhonza kanjalo iminyaka emihlanu. I-Congress yabe isiyeka isikhundla sokuba yi-agent futhi waqokwa njengomphathi we-agency kanye nesikole sokuqeqesha, isikhundla asishiya ngemuva kokukhonza iminyaka emibili.  Phakathi nalesi sikhathi seminyaka eyisikhombisa wasiza ekumiseni izimangalo zamaNdiya ezingaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi samaRandi ngomhlaba owawungafakiwe kulondolozo ngenxa yokuhlola imingcele eyiphutha, futhi wasungula amapulani aphelele okuthambisa nokukhuculula amanzi, okwengeza engcebweni yokulondolozwa, indawo esondela ngobukhulu esifundazweni saseDelaware.  Waziwa ngamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene abheka ukuthuthukiswa kweNingizimu Oregon, futhi wayenedumela njengombhali wezinhlamvu zombhalo nezinkondlo.  Iminyaka yokugcina nomndeni U-Applegate wasebenza njengomhleli we-Ashland Tidings kusukela ngo-1878, futhi kamuva wahlela iKlamath Republican.  Ngo-1878, u-Applegate washada noMiss Ella Anderson, indodakazi kaReverend Jesse Marion Anderson, umfundisi oyiphayona waseMethodist, owayaziwa kakhulu eningizimu ye-Oregon njengendoda enamakhono nokufaneleka. Umakoti, njengomkhwenyana, wayengumuntu odabuka e-Oregon, owazalelwa kule ndawo ngo-1855. Baba namadodana amathathu namadodakazi amathathu. UFrank Lindsay, omdala kunabo bonke, wazalwa ngo-October 10, 1879; u-Annie Elizabeth, ngo-September 13, 1881; uLaroy Gilbert, ngo-August 19, 1885; uRachel Emma, ngo-November 23, 1887; uJennie Margaret, ngo-April 5, 1894; no-Oliver C., Jr., ngo-July 5, 1896. Kusukela ngo-1912, u-Applegate wayehlala eKlamath Falls, eKlamath County, e-Oregon. Ezombusazwe, wayengumRepublican futhi eyisithunywa eMhlanganweni Kazwelonke WamaRepublican eChicago ngo-1892. U-Oliver C. Applegate washona ngo-October 11, 1938, eneminyaka engu-93. Ubizwa ngegama le-Applegate Peak e-Crater Lake National Park.
U-Oliver wachitha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala njengomfundisi esikoleni i-Ashland kanye nelungu le-Mountain Rangers. Ngokushesha wakhuphuka ngezikhundla eziqala njengesosha futhi wathuthela kukaputeni eminyakeni emithathu.  Ngo-1865, u-Oliver wamiswa njengomsizi we-United States Indian Agent, naye owaba ubaba wakhe. Ukusuka lapho, u-Oliver wachitha iminyaka eminingana esebenza ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwama-ejensi amaningi okwamvumela ukuthi athole ithonya ezizweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Oregon. Ithonya alizuza laliyoba usizo lapho kugqashuka isifo sikaModoc ngo-1872. Lokhu kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwezizwe zamaNdiya ezinamandla kakhulu zaba abalimi nabelusi bezinkomo.  Ngo-1876, abangane baka-Oliver Applegate babefuna ukuba asebenzise ulwazi lwakhe, ngokusebenza ezindabeni zamaNdiya, ukuba aqokwe njenge-General Indian Agent yase-Oregon. Ngo-1989, u-Applegate waba yi-United States Indian Agent yeKlamath Reservation kwaze kwaba yilapho iCongress iyeka lesi sikhundla eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva.  Ngo-1878, u-Applegate waqala isikhundla sokuba uMhleli we-Ashland Tidings futhi washada no-Miss Ella Anderson. U-Oliver Applegate wayenabantwana abangu-6 phakathi kuka-1879 no-1896.