Rondedzera muchidimbu kuti kushanya kwakakanganisa sei Hawaii munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana
Context:Migumisiro yekushanya muHawaii Zvemari Sezvo Hawaii yakachinja kubva paUmambo kuenda kuTerritory kuenda kuHurumende, saizvozvowo maindasitiri makuru akachinja. Kuva nyika inonyanya kurimwa, ichibudisa inenge 80 muzana yemapineapple enyika yose muma 1960, kuwedzera kworwendo rwePan Am rwendege kuenda kuHawaii kwakakurumidza kuwedzera nhamba yevashanyi vaienda kuzvitsuwa. Makore akatevera kuva nyika akaunza zvinopfuura zvakapetwa kaviri kwenhamba yavatakurwi vanosvika panhandare yendege yeHonolulu. Sezvo muitiro uyu uchiramba uchiwedzera, upfumi hweHawaii hwava kutsamira zvikuru pabasa rokushanyirwa. Kunyange zvazvo upfumi hwenyika iyi hwawedzera zvikuru, vamwe vanotsvakurudza vanofunga kuti izvi zvichaita kuti Hawaii ive nyore kukanganiswa nemamwe mamiriro ezvoupfumi. Mimwe mienzaniso yeiyi idzvinyiriro yezvemari, kuramwa mabasa kwendiza, kana kuti misiyano mumitengo yamafuta ayo anogona kuparadza upfumi hwenzvimbo. Kuderera kwezvoupfumi kwenyika kwakaipisisa kwa2008, kwakarova zvikuru indasitiri yeHawaii yezvekushanya. Muna 2008, nhamba yevanhu vaigara mumahotera yakaderera kusvika pa60 muzana, nhamba yakanga isati yamboonekwa kubvira pakaitika kurwisa kwegandanga muna 2001.  Sezvo upfumi hwenyika hwadzokera kumatanho akajairika, indasitiri yekushanya yakaramba ichikura muHawaii nevazhinji vevashanyi vanoshanyira Oahu, Maui, Kauai uye chitsuwa chikuru cheHawaii. Kuwanika kwebasa ndechimwe chinhu chinobatsira chinobva mukushanya kunoitwa kuzvitsuwa. Muna 2017, mishumo inotaura kuti mabasa 204,000 akanga ane chokuita nekushanya. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kumadhora mabhiriyoni 16,78 mukushandisa kwavashanyi namadhora mabhiriyoni 1,96 akawanwa mumari yemitero mugore iroro roga. Nzvimbo dzokuzororera nebhizimisi rezvokufambisa nendege ndivo vanobetserwa zvikurusa nokuwedzera uku mukushanya.  Zvakatipoteredza Sustainable Tourism Association yeHawaii (yaimbova Hawaii Ecotourism Association) yakavambwa muna 1995 sesangano risingabatsiri 501 (c) (3) kusimudzira kusimudzira kwekushanya kwakasimba muHawaii. Rinopa purogiramu yokupa zvitupa yokudzidzisa nokuziva vashanyi vanofunga nezvokudzivirira muHawaii, purogiramu bedzi yakadaro yokupa zvitupa yorudzi rwayo muAmerica.  Migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza yenguva refu iyo Hawaii iri kutarisana nayo nemhaka yokushanyirwa kwavanhu vakawanda yakamutsa funganyo. Kuti varwise izvi uye kuti vabatsire kusimudzira kuziva, masangano omunyika dzakawanda anoona nezvezvakatipoteredza akabatana nemunharaunda dzomuzvitsuwa. Kune betsero huru dzorudzi urwu rwekutarisira, kazhinji kazhinji runorondedzerwa se"kutarisira kunotungamirirwa nenheyo". Kupfurikidza nokuisa pakutanga tsika nemitoo iripo inochengeteka nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzinogara muzvitsuwa zvinoshanyirwa zvikuru, inochengetedza fariro dzavo uye inoremekedza zvikuru tsika dzavo.  Mvura Hotera dzinowanzorongwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo dzegungwa, munzvimbo dzine mvura shoma, uye vaenzi vanoshandisa marita 2.000 kusvika ku10.000 (440 kusvika ku2.200 imp gal; 530 kusvika ku2.640 US gal) emvura pamunhu. Chimwe chidzidzo chakagumisa kuti paavhareji, muenzi mumwe chete anoshandisa anenge marita 1.300 kusvika ku3.600 (290 kusvika ku790 imp gal; 340 kusvika ku950 US gal) emvura pazuva, yakakamurwa inenge hafu pakati pekugara (kushambidza mbatya uye tsvina) nenzvimbo dzegorofu (kudiridza). Izvi zvinopfuura zvikuru muvhareji womugari uye zvakatungamirira kunhevedzano yenguva dzokusanaya kwemvura muzvitsuwa zvose.  Nzvimbo Kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna 2010, nhamba yemakamuri emahotera yakapetwa kaviri kubva pa65 000 kusvika pa132 000. Vashanyi vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzine zvivako zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, zviitiko zvakagadzirirwa zvakanaka uye mamiriro ezvinhu akachena, izvo zvinosimudzira upfumi nemari inodiwa kuti zvivako izvi zvirambe zviripo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusikwa chaiko kwezvivako izvi kunoderedza zvinhu zvemhoteredzo zvinokwezva vashanyi. Kuva nemamiriro ezvinhu akakwana kunoda kuchengetwa kwakati kuti kunotsigirwa nemari inowanikwa nevashanyi asi vashanyi vanoparadzawo zvakatipoteredza nokukurumidza kupfuura vagari voga.  Mhedzisiro yakananga yokuwedzera kwezvivako zvepatemberi kuparara kwemamiriro okunze. Sezvo zvivako zvinovakwa uwandu hwenyika hunova huduku uye huduku. Sezvo mahotera ari kuvakwa muzvivako zvepamusoro-soro zvinetso zvemhoteredzo zvinogadzirwa hazviremerwi zvakaenzana nemhedzisiro inogona kuitika yemari. Hurumende inoona kugadzirwa kwemabasa uye kuwedzera kwemari inoshandiswa nevashanyi mudunhu sechinhu chakanaka. Idzi ndidzo shanduko dzakakura dzinogona kuyerwa zvakananga maererano nemadhora uye nhamba yemabasa. Zvisinei, kuoma kwazvinoita pane zvakatipoteredza kana kuti vanhu vomunharaunda kwakaoma kuyera. Hawaii inongova ne0,2 muzana chete yenyika yeUnited States asi ine mwero wokutsakatika we72,1 muzana, uye inopfuura hafu yenzanga dzomusikirwo dziri muzvitsuwa zviri mungozi yokutsakatika nokuvandudzwa. Muenzaniso waikoku madziva omuzvarirwo ari kuparadzwa mukati mokuvakwa kwezvivako zvikuru izvo zvaichimbova musha weshiri dzinofamba-famba. Matangi haasisiko, izvo zvinokanganisa kuyerera kwomuzvarirwo kwegadziriro yezvinhu zvipenyu. Chimwe chiverengero chinokatyamadza chinotaura kuti inenge 60 muzana yemarudzi emiti nemhuka muHawaii ari mungozi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka uye miti yakasiyana-siyana inoita kuti Hawaii ive yakanaka zvikuru iri kuparara nokukurumidza zvikuru.  Simba Nyaya huru: Simba muHawaii Hawaii yakagara ichivimba nemagetsi emagetsi anopisa mafuta ekugadzira magetsi, kunyangwe yakaisa chinangwa chehurumende chekuwana 100% yekugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nemanyuko anogadziriswa na2045; semhedzisiro, muvhareji muenzi anoshandisa zvakaenzana ne6.4 kusvika 13 makirogiramu (14 kusvika 29 lb) emafuta pazuva, angangoita 2⁄3 ayo anodyiwa nekushanda kwemotokari yekurendesa. Nokuda kwemagetsi oga, mushanyi wepakati anoshandisa 23.9 kusvika ku33.6 kW-hr pazuva.  Kuramba Mahombekombe eHawaii ari kuramba achizadzwa nemarara, zvikurukuru mapurasitiki. Ikoku kunova chinetso kwete bedzi mumhoteredzo, asiwo kunogona kuva nomuuyo wakashata paupfumi sezvo vashanyi vachiuya nokuda kwemhenderekedzo dzine jecha uye zvinosvibisa zvakadai semarara kana mapurasitiki zvinoderedza kukwezva kweHawaii senzvimbo yezororo. Kamilo Beach iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa cheHawaii yakawana zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Plastic Beach" nokuda kwokuunganidzwa kwayo kwemarara epurasitiki, mazhinji awo akatakurwa nemhepo dzomugungwa nemhepo dzinotenderera kubva munharaunda iri pedyo yeGreat Pacific garbage patch. Kunofungidzirwa kuti matani maduku 15 kusvikira ku 20 emarara, ayo 96% ari mapurasitiki, anosvika pamhenderekedzo yegungwa pano gore negore.  Mugari wepakati anogadzira anenge makirogiramu 3,3 emarara pazuva. Kuitira kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemarara epurasitiki, Hawaii yakatanga kurambidza kushandiswa kwepurasitiki inoshandiswa kamwe chete nepolystyrene foam padanho redunhu nedunhu. Kurambidzwa kwemidziyo yepolystyrene foam yakatanga kushanda muMaui County musi waZvita 31, 2018; kurambidzwa kwakafanana kwakatanga muHawaii County (Big Island) musi waChikunguru 1, 2019. Kurambidzwa kweOahu kwepurasitiki inoshandiswa kamwe chete uye polystyrene kuchatanga kushanda musi waJanuary 1, 2021. Mabhiri maviri akaongororwa neHawaii State Legislature mukutanga kwa2019, izvo zvaizove zvekutanga kurambidza nyika yese mapurasitiki ekushandira chikafu muAmerica. SB367 yaizorambidza kushandiswa kwemidziyo yezvokudya zvepolystrene foam munyika yose; bhiri iroro rakafa mukomiti muna March 2019. SB522 yaizorambidza mabhodhoro emvura epurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete, midziyo, zvimiti zvinokanganisa, midziyo yepolystyrene foam, uye tsvina inotanga muna 2021; bhiri iri rakashandurwa mukomiti kuti rigadzire boka rinoshanda kuti riite mazano ekuderedza marara epurasitiki panzvimbo.  Mugumisiro wezvemagariro evanhu Vamwe Vokutanga veHawaii vanotenda zvakasimba mukuzvimiririra kweHawaii uye sangano reHawaiian sovereignty. Kugadzirwa kwesangano iri rinobva pasi pasi kunotungamirira kumurangariro wakashata kuvashanyi nokuputsika kwenzvimbo yomusikirwo. Ikoku kunotungamirira kukakavadzana kwakasimba pakati pavavaki navagari vomunzvimbomo avo vanodavira kuti nyika haifaniri kushandurwa kuva nzvimbo dzokutengeserana kana kuti dzokugara. Vazhinji vavanhu ava vanotsamira papasi senzira yokurarama nayo. Kurasikirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokanganisa magariro evanhu uye mafungiro evaya vanovimba nepasi nepagungwa. VaHawaii vakaberekerwa munyika yacho nevagari veko vanova nemikana mishoma yebasa nemhaka yokusava nechokwadi kwakanyanya kwebasa muindasitiri yezvekushanya.  Nyaya inonzi "Lovely Hula Lands" (yakazoburitswazve se "Lovely Hula Hands") yakanyorwa nomunyori wechikoro wokuHawaii uye ari kurwira kodzero dzevanhu anonzi Haunani-Kay Trask inoshoropodza zvikuru kuwanda kwevashanyi kuHawaii, kwaanoti "upfambi" hwetsika dzeHawaii. Anogumisa rondedzero yake achiti "regai ndisiye pfungwa iyi shure. Kana uri kufunga nezvokushanyira nyika yokumusha kwangu, ndapota usaita kudaro. Hatidi kana kuti hatidi vamwe vashanyi, uye chokwadi hativafariri". Zvisinei, Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) yakashora Trask nokuda kwemashoko ake anorwisana neAmerica, ichitaura kuti kutaura kwakadaro kunobatsira kusarura muHawaii.
- Kubva pamaonero ezvehupfumi, kushanya kwakachinja Hawaii kubva pakuva inonyanya kurima uye kuzviriritira kuenda pakutsamira zvakanyanya pamaindasitiri ezvekushanya uye zvakanyanya kukanganiswa nemasimba ekunze ezvehupfumi senge kudzikira kwehupfumi kana mitengo yemafuta. Kuwedzera kwenhamba yemabasa uye mari yehurumende iri kubva kumabhizimisi ane chekuita nekushanya - Pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza, hurumende yeHawaii yakagadza purogiramu yokupa zvitupa yokudzidzisa nzanga dzomunzvimbomo kuti dzishandise nzira dzinoshanda dzinotsigira uye dzinotarisira kuchengetedza - Mukuona kwezvinhu, kushandiswa kwemvura, nzvimbo uye simba kwakawedzera zvikuru uye kwakatungamirira kuzvinetso pamusoro pekuderedza nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka neshiri - Mukuona kwekugadziriswa kwemarara, marara, zvikurukuru mapurasitiki, akava chinhu chinonetsa zvikuru zvose zviri zviviri zvakatipoteredza uye zvoupfumi. Hawaii yakapa mitemo yenyika muna 2019 na2021 yekurambidza kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki mukushandira chikafu, mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa, midziyo, zvimiti zvinokanganisa, midziyo yepolystyrene foam, uye mashanga. Aya ndiwo marambidziro okutanga enyika yose epurasitiki yokushandira zvokudya muAmerica. - Mukuona kwevanhu, pane makakatanwa pakati pevaHawaiian Vokutanga nevagari vane maonero asina kunaka nezvekushanya nevashanyi uye indasitiri yekushanya iri kuwedzera.