Ngokwalokho okubhalwe phansi, chaza izimbangela zengozi yesifo samaphaphu. Bonisa imiphumela ngefomethi ehlukaniswe ngamakhoma.
Context:I-pneumonia yisimo sokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu esithinta ngokuyinhloko amasaka omoya amancane aziwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli. Ngokuvamile izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhwehlela okunamandla noma okomile, ubuhlungu esifubeni, umkhuhlane, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ubukhulu besimo buyehluka.  I-pneumonia ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya, futhi akuvamile ukuthi ibangelwe ezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo.[a] Kungaba nzima ukukhomba i-pathogen ephethe lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ezimpawu nasekuhloleni umzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba nge-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungase kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa. Lesi sifo singahlukaniswa ngokuthi sitholakale kuphi, njengesifo samaphaphu esitholakale emphakathini noma esibhedlela noma esihlobene nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.  Izici eziyingozi zokungenwa yi-pneumonia zihlanganisa i-cystic fibrosis, i-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), i- sickle cell disease, i-asthma, isifo sikashukela, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umlando wokubhema, ikhono elibi lokukhwehlela (njengemva kokushaywa unhlangothi), nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka.  Imithi yokugoma evimbela izinhlobo ezithile zesifo samaphaphu (njengezibangelwa amagciwane e-Streptococcus pneumoniae, ahlobene nomkhuhlane, noma ahlobene ne-COVID-19) iyatholakala. Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukugeza izandla ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ukungabhemi, nokugcina ibanga lomphakathi.  Ukwelashwa kuncike enkingeni eyimbangela. I-pneumonia okukholakala ukuthi ibangelwa amagciwane iphathwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Uma i - pneumonia inzima, ngokuvamile umuntu othintekile uyalaliswa esibhedlela. Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen kungasetshenziswa uma amazinga e-oxygen ephansi.
i- cystic fibrosis, i- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), i- sickle cell disease, i- asthma, isifo sikashukela, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umlando wokubhema, ikhono elibi lokukhwehlela (njengokulandela unhlangothi), isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka