Waa maxay CRISPR?
CRISPR (qoraalka loo yaqaano clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) waa qoys ka kooban taxane DNA ah oo laga helo genomes-ka noolaha prokaryotic sida bakteeriyada iyo archaea. Liisaskan waxaa laga soo qaatay qaybo DNA ah oo ka mid ah bakteeriyada oo horey u haleelay prokaryotes. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado laguna burburiyo DNA-da bakteeriyada la midka ah inta lagu jiro infekshannada soo socda. Sidaa darteed taxanahaani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan nidaamka difaaca fayraska (sida anti-phage) ee prokaryotes waxayna bixiyaan nooc ka mid ah difaaca la helay. CRISPR waxaa laga helaa qiyaastii 50% oo ah genomes bakteeriyada ah oo la soo xigtay iyo ku dhowaad 90% ee archaea la soo xigtay.  Cas9 (ama "CRISPR-protein 9") waa enzyme isticmaala taxanaha CRISPR sida hagaha si loo aqoonsado loona kala saaro xargaha DNA ee gaarka ah ee dhammaystiran taxanaha CRISPR. Ensaamyada Cas9 iyo taxanaha CRISPR waxay aasaas u yihiin tiknoolajiyad loo yaqaano CRISPR-Cas9 oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu saxo hiddo-wadaha ku jira noolaha. Nidaamkan tafatirka wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin cilmi-baarista bayoolojiga aasaasiga ah, horumarinta alaabada bayoolojiga, iyo daaweynta cudurrada. Horumarinta farsamada CRISPR-Cas9 ee tafatirka genome waxaa lagu aqoonsaday Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Kiimikada ee 2020 oo la siiyay Emmanuelle Charpentier iyo Jennifer Doudna.  Sanadkii 2022, dacwad ka socotay Xafiiska Patent-ka iyo Calaamadaha Ganacsiga ee Mareykanka (faragelinta 106,115), Guddiga Maxkamadda iyo Racfaanka ee Patent-ka ayaa go'aamiyay in soo-saaraha shatiga Mareykanka ee ku saabsan codsiga CRISPR-Cas9 ee unugyada eukaryotic uu yahay Feng Zhang, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan Machadka Broad.