Chii chinonzi sangano revanyanzvi, uye rakatanga rini kuvapo?
Context:Kuwedzera kwebasa 1980<unk>1987 Mumakore ekuma1980 rudzi rwepurogiramu yeAI inonzi "zvirongwa zvevanyanzvi" yakatorwa nemakambani pasi rose uye ruzivo rwakava chinangwa chekutsvakurudza kukuru kweAI. Mumakore iwayo, hurumende yeJapan yakapa mari yakawanda chaizvo kuAI pachishandiswa kombiyuta yechishanu. Chimwe chiitiko chinokurudzira mukutanga kwema1980 kwaiva kumutsidzirwa kwechokuwirirana mubasa raJohn Hopfield naDavid Rumelhart. Zvakare, AI yakanga yabudirira.  Kukura kwemagadziriro ehunyanzvi Gadziriro yenyanzvi chirongwa chinopindura mibvunzo kana chinogadzirisa zvinetso pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyo yezivo, uchishandisa mitemo inonzwisisika inotorwa kubva paruzivo rwevanyanzvi. Mienzaniso yokutanga yakaitwa naEdward Feigenbaum nevadzidzi vake. Dendral, yakatangwa muna 1965, yakaratidza makemikari anobva mukuverenga kwe spectrometer. MYCIN, yakagadzirwa muna 1972, yakaongorora hosha dzeropa dzinotapukira. Vakaratidza kuti nzira iyi inoshanda.  Nyanzvi dzemaitiro dzakazvirambidza kune imwe nzvimbo duku yezivo chaiyo (nokudaro kudzivisa dambudziko rezivo rakanaka) uye kugadzirwa kwavo kwakareruka kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mapurogiramu avakwe uye ipapo achinjwe kana ava panzvimbo. Zvose mune zvose, mapurogiramu akaratidza kuva anobetsera: chimwe chinhu icho AI yakanga isati yakwanisa kuita kusvikira panguva ino.  Muna 1980, gadziriro yenyanzvi inonzi XCON yakapedzwa paCMU yeDigital Equipment Corporation. Yakanga iri budiriro huru: yakanga ichiponesa kambani mamiriyoni 40 emadhora pagore pakasvika 1986. Makambani pasi pose akatanga kugadzira nokushandisa masisitimu ane unyanzvi uye pakazosvika 1985 akanga ava kushandisa mari inopfuura bhiriyoni remadhora paAI, yakawanda yacho kumadhipatimendi eAI ari mukati. Indasitiri yakakura kuti ivatsigire, kusanganisira makambani ehardware akadai seSymbolics neLisp Machines uye makambani esoftware akadai seIntelliCorp neAion.
Gadziriro yenyanzvi chirongwa chinoshandisa mitemo inonzwisisika inotorwa kubva paruzivo rwehunyanzvi kupindura mibvunzo kana kugadzirisa matambudziko mune imwe nharaunda yeruzivo. Nzira yenyanzvi yokutanga, inonzi Dendral, yakagadzirwa muna 1965 naEdward Feigenbaum nevadzidzi vake uye yakaratidza makemikari anobva mukuverenga kwechidzitiro.