LBJ ndiani?
Context:Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz/; 27 Nyamavhuvhu 1908 <unk> 22 Ndira 1973), anowanzonzi nemazita ake ekutanga LBJ, aive wezvematongerwo enyika weAmerica akashanda semutungamiri wechi36 weUnited States kubva muna 1963 kusvika muna 1969. Akamboshanda semutevedzeri wemutungamiri wechi37 kubva muna 1961 kusvika muna 1963 pasi peMutungamiri John F. Kennedy, uye akapika munguva pfupi mushure mekuurayiwa kwaKennedy. A Democrat anobva kuTexas, Johnson akashandawo semumiriri weU.S., Seneta weU.S. uye mutungamiri weSeneti. Ane rukudzo rwekuva mumwe wevatungamiri vashoma vakashumira mumahofisi ose akasarudzwa pamwero wehurumende.
Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz/; 27 Nyamavhuvhu 1908 <unk> 22 Ndira 1973), anowanzonzi nemazita ake ekutanga LBJ, aive wezvematongerwo enyika weAmerica akashanda semutungamiri wechi36 weUnited States kubva muna 1963 kusvika muna 1969. Akamboshanda semutevedzeri wemutungamiri wechi37 kubva muna 1961 kusvika muna 1963 pasi peMutungamiri John F. Kennedy, uye akapika munguva pfupi mushure mekuurayiwa kwaKennedy. A Democrat anobva kuTexas, Johnson akashandawo semumiriri weU.S., Seneta weU.S. uye mutungamiri weSeneti. Ane rukudzo rwekuva mumwe wevatungamiri vashoma vakashumira mumahofisi ose akasarudzwa pamwero wehurumende.  Akazvarwa muimba yepurazi muStonewall, Texas, kumhuri yezvematongerwo enyika yemuno, Johnson akashanda semudzidzisi wepachikoro chepamusoro uye mubatsiri wekongiresi asati akunda sarudzo kuUS House of Representatives muna 1937. Muna 1948, akahwina sarudzo dzeSeneti muna 1948 muTexas mushure mekukunda kushoma uye kunopokana musarudzo dzeDemocratic Party. Akagadzwa pachinzvimbo cheSenate Majority Whip muna 1951. Akava mutungamiri weDemocratic Senate muna 1953 uye mutungamiri wevazhinji muna 1954. Muna 1960 Johnson akamhanya nokuda kwokugadzwa kwedemocratic nokuda kwokutungamira. Pakupedzisira, Seneta Kennedy akakunda Johnson nevamwe vaikwikwidzana naye nokuda kwokugadzwa, ipapo akashamisa vazhinji kupfurikidza nokupa kuita Johnson mutevedzeri wake wokutsigira mutungamiri wenyika. Tikiti raKennedy-Johnson rakakunda musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika ya1960. Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika Johnson akatora chigaro chehutungamiri musi wa22 Mbudzi 1963, mushure mekunge mutungamiri wenyika Kennedy aurayiwa. Gore rakatevera Johnson akasarudzwa kuti ave mutungamiri wenyika paakakunda mukukunda kwepasi pamusoro peArizona Senator Barry Goldwater, achiwana 61.1% yemavhoti akakurumbira musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika ya1964, chikamu chikuru chakahwinwa nemumwe munhu wezvematongerwo enyika kubvira musarudzo ya1820.  Mutemo waJohnson wepamba wakanangana nekuwedzera kodzero dzevanhu, nhepfenyuro yeruzhinji, kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano, rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa uye hunyanzvi, kusimudzira maguta nemaruwa, uye mabasa eruzhinji. Muna 1964 Johnson akagadzira kutaura kwokuti "Sosaiti Huru" kurondedzera nhamburiko idzi. Mukuwedzera, akatsvaka kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu ari nani okurarama nokuda kwavanhu vokuAmerica vane mari shoma kupfurikidza nokutungamirira nhimbe isiri yapamutemo inonzi "Hondo Yokurwisa Urombo". Sechikamu chekuedza uku, Johnson akasaina Social Security Amendments ya1965, iyo yakaguma nekugadzirwa kweMedicare neMedicaid. Johnson akatevera zviito zvomutangiri wake mukusimbisa NASA ndokuita kuti Purogiramu yeApollo ive chinhu chinokosha chenyika. Akagadza Mutemo Wedzidzo Yepamusoro wa1965 uyo wakavamba zvikwereti zvevadzidzi zvine inishuwarenzi yehurumende. Johnson akasaina Mutemo Wokupinda Nokubuda Munyika wa1965 uyo wakaisa nheyo dzomutemo wokuenda kunyika weUnited States nhasi. Pfungwa dzaJohnson pamusoro penhau yekodzero dzevanhu dzakamuparadzanisa nevamwe vachena, veDemocratic vekumaodzanyemba. Nhaka yake yekodzero dzevanhu yakaumbwa nekusaina Civil Rights Act ya1964, Voting Rights Act ya1965, uye Civil Rights Act ya1968. Mukati mokutungamira kwake, mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika eAmerica akachinja zvikuru, sezvo vachena vekumaodzanyemba avo vaimbove maDemocrats akavimbika vakatanga kuenda kuRepublican Party uye vavhoti vatema vakatanga kuenda kuDemocratic Party. Nemhaka yepurogiramu yake yomunyika, utungamiriri hwaJohnson hwakaratidza kukwirira kworusununguko rwazvino muUnited States.  Hutungamiri hwaJohnson hwakaitika mukati meHondo Yemashoko, nokudaro mutemo wake wokunze wakatanga kudzora chiKomonisiti. Pamberi pokutonga kwake, U.S. yakanga yatobatanidzwa muHondo yeVietnam, ichitsigira South Vietnam mukurwisana neNorth yechiKomonisiti. Zvichitevera kurwisana kwezvikepe muna 1964 pakati peUnited States neNorth Vietnam, Congress yakapasa Gungwa reTonkin Resolution, iro rakapa Johnson simba rokutanga kupindira kwehondo yakazara muSouth East Asia. Nhamba yavarwi veAmerica muVietnam yakawedzera zvinoshamisa, uye kuurawa kwakawanda pakati pavarwi veU.S. navanhuwo zvavo veVietnam. Johnson akawedzerawo mabasa ehondo muLaos yakavakidzana nayo kuti aparadze migero yezvokudya yeNorth Vietnam. Muna 1968, Tet Offensive yechiKomonisiti yakafuridzira sangano rinorwisana nehondo, zvikurukuru pakati pavadzidzi vari muzera rokunyoresa vari mumakampasi eyunivhesiti, uye pfungwa yavose yakashandukira kubatanidzwa kweAmerica muhondo. MuEurope, hurumende yaJohnson yakaramba ichisimudzira nekusimudzira kudyidzana kwezvematongerwo enyika kweWestern Europe pamwe nekudyidzana kwehupfumi sezvakaitwa nevakange vambotungamira.  Kumusha, Johnson akatarisana nemamwe matambudziko nemhirizhonga yedzinza mumaguta makuru uye kuwedzera kweutsotsi. Vashori vake vezvamatongerwe enyika vakabatira mukana wacho ndokusimudza zvinodikanwa zvemitemo ye"mutemo nenhevedzano". Johnson akatanga hutungamiri hwake achitsigirwa nevanhu vose, asi kutsigirwa kwake kwakaramba kuchiderera panguva yose yaaiva mutungamiri wenyika sezvo vanhu vakaora mwoyo neHondo yeVietnam uye mhirizhonga mudzimba. Pakutanga Johnson akatsvaka kumhanyira kusarudzwazve; zvisinei, zvichitevera mhedzisiro inosuruvarisa muNew Hampshire yekutanga akabvisa kukwikwidza kwake. Hondo yacho yakanga iri nhau huru yesarudzo uye sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dza1968 dzakaona mukwikwidzi weRepublican Richard Nixon achikunda mutevedzeri wemutungamiri waJohnson Hubert Humphrey. Pakupera kwouchangamire hwake muna 1969, Johnson akadzokera kupurazi rake reTexas, akabudisa mabhuku ake, uye mune zvimwe zvinhu akaramba akavanzika kutozosvikira afa nechirwere chomwoyo muna 1973.  Johnson ndomumwe wemapurezidhendi ane nharo zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica. Pfungwa dzevanhu uye kuongorora kwevadzidzi nhaka yake zvave zvichichinja-chinja zvikuru kubva parufu rwake. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye nyanzvi vanoronga Johnson mumutsara wokumusoro nemhaka yezvaakabudirira kuita zvine chokuita nomutemo womumba. Kutonga kwake kwakapa mitemo mikuru yakawanda yakaita kuchinja kukuru mukodzero dzevagari vemo, kutarisirwa kweutano, kugarikano, uye dzidzo. Mukupesana, Johnson anotsoropodzwa zvakasimba nokuda kwemitemo yake yokunze, zvikurukuru kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kweAmerica muHondo yeVietnam.