Daɣ awa id eqqalan akatab fal Empire wan Byzantin, s alisteɣmar wa s addoben Byzantin tan ad aruwan eɣanni nasan?
Context:Aɣrəm wan byzantin, atiwəsan deɣ as Aɣrəm wan romaintan win alqiblat meɣ Byzantin, eqal amək ən Aɣrəm wan romaintan hulen daɣ kalan win alqiblat ɣor samdo ən azaman ad Moyen Âge, agud was kapital iness taqal Constantinople. Ijja daɣ azzukat d egadal wan Empire wan Roma wan ataram daɣ awatay wan 500 d darat alwaq wananaɣ izjar id timad n iwityan har egadal wan Constantinople i Empire wan Ottoman daɣ awatay wan 1453 Daɣ ijjit n tamudre net, empire eqqim a assohen daɣ aqtisad, agna d militer daɣ Eroba Isim tan win "Byzantine Empire" d "Eastern Roman Empire" idayan darat amindi n almalikiya; addinat net har ajjudi s isim wan Roman Empire d iman nasan s Roman [note 2] <unk> isim s ijja Greeks alxidmat nasan i iman nasan daɣ azzaman wan Ottoman Kuddeɣ as addawla tan Roma t ijja har ajjudi tolas tumasen net iknanat, kel attarex win amarad assofan anmizlay n Empire wan Byzantin id Roma tan aru fal as ijja fal Constantinople ohun Roma, ijjan fal agna wan Greek ohun Latin tolas eqqal a ehan addin wan Orthodox tan alqiblat  Daɣ azzaman wa maqqoran n Empire wan Roma s isim net Pax Romana, ihandagan win ataram n empire ijjan Latinisation as ijja awen ihandagan win alqiblat n empire ikfan iddikud maqqoran n agna n Hellenistic Haratan ajotnen ən 4e as 6e temede nawatay əknanen alwaq wan təmotayen ugud wa təmuqunt tan empire wan romain ən greəque ən alqiblat əd latine ən egadal ən tafuk. Constantine I (r. 324<unk>337) isammutiyan empire, iga Constantinople kapital tolas ikf-a achareɣa n kriken tan Daɣ azzaman wan Theodosius I (r. 379<unk>395), kriken tanat taqqal addin wan addawla tolas alxidmaten tiyyad n addin ikkas nat turhajat Daɣ azzaman wan Heraclius (r. 610<unk>641), militer tan d axakam wan empire iknan amutti tolas Greek ijji s andarran i axadam n alxakum daɣ edag n Latin  Alxadudan n empire amutayan s alwaqqan ajjotnen n afanaz d amasuɣal Daɣ azzaman wan Justinian I (r. 527<unk>565), tanaya təwad ogaran təmɣire agudendǎɣ darat egadal ən egadal ən tafuk, təgraw təmuqunt ən ogaran təmɣire ən egadal ən tafuk ən Méditerranée tan romaine, atamosan Afrikiya, Italie əd Roma, ta togarat təwaƭ ən əsin elan. Akinnas wan Byzantin-Sasanian daɣ awatay wan 602 har 628 eɣchad alfayda tan n almalikiya tolas daɣ alwaq wan ikinnasan win al-islam win tizarat n awatay wan 700, ifnaz addawla tan net wi maqqornen, Egypt d Syria, i Rashidun Caliphate Təssənta Afrikiya ye Ummayyad ɣor 698, dat adakal ən təɣrəmt as tawset tan Isaurie.  Daɣ azzaman wan Macedonian dynasty (awatay wan 9 har wan 11), empire iday har ajjudi tolas ilkam i azzaman n issin n iwityan n Macedonian Renaissance, wa imdan s afanaz n Seljuk Turks daɣ akinnas wan Manzikert daɣ awatay wan 1071 Ikinnasan win jir ikallan d assahat n Seljuk eway id afanaz n ijjit n Asia Minor Almalikiya tajjach alwaq wan asimutiy wan Komnenian tolas daɣ awatay wan 1200 Constantinople taqqal tiɣarmaten ti maqqornen d wi iknanen ehare daɣ Eroba  Almalikiya taqqal a id ifal nen daɣ Fourth Crusade alwaq wa id atwakkas Constantinople daɣ awatay wan 1204 tolas ikallan wi fal ijja almalikiya tan aru azunan s Byzantine Greek d Latin realms Harwa adakal ən Constantinople dǎɣ 1261, tanaya tan Byzantin taqal ɣas iyan dǎɣ dagan wi madroynen ən kalan dǎɣ edag dǎɣ əsin wi nalkamnen temede nawatay ən tamudre. Ikalan wi əgmadan aqalan aygan daɣ təwaƭ tan Otantantan daɣ akinas wan byzantin əd Otantantan daɣ 14e əd 15e temede nawatay.  Aɣeš wan Constantinople i rayis wan Ottoman daɣ awatay wan 1453 eqqal amindi n rayis wan Byzantin Addinat wi ifal nen daɣ aɣrim darat ijjuch net ad izzaɣan daɣ Italia d ichrutan iyyad n Eroba, idhal nen daɣ asidu n Renaissance Alisteɣmar wan Trebizond eqqal a ijrawan iwityan win tisiam darat awa alwaq wa id kapital net taqqal s isim net isassaɣra iman net i taqqimen n Ottoman darat ijrawan daɣ awatay wan 1461. Tawset ta tazzarat tan Byzantin tan, ta Principality of Theodoro, taqqalat a hin iknan Ottoman tan daɣ awatay wan 1475. Addobat iji n majrad n as egadal n Empire wan Byzantin i Ottoman eqqal iyyan daɣ titbaqqa ajjotnen id eraw nen amindi n iwityan win aru d asinti n azzaman wa eynayan
Empire byzantin izjar id eɣanni net s Empire Roman