Chii chinonzi molecular biology?
Molecular biology ndiyo bazi rezvidzidzo zvoupenyu rinoedza kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita zvinhu zvipenyu mumasero uye pakati pemasero, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu, kushandurwa, mashandiro, uye kudyidzana. [ Kudzidza kwemakemikari uye chimiro chemuviri chemakemikari makemikari anozivikanwa se molecular biology.  Molecular biology yakatanga kurondedzerwa senzira yakanangidzirwa pazvinhu zvinotsigira zvinhu zvipenyu - kufumura maumbirwo emamolekyu ezvinhu zvipenyu pamwe nekubatana kwawo, uye kuti kudyidzana uku kunotsanangura sei kucherekedza kwechinyakare biology.  Muna 1945 shoko rokuti molecular biology rakashandiswa nomudzidzi wefizikisi William Astbury. Muna 1953 Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, nevamwe vavaiva navo, vachishanda paCivil Research Council unit, Cavendish laboratory, Cambridge (yava kunzi MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), vakagadzira mufananidzo weDNA une kaviri ka helix uyo wakachinja nzira yose yokutsvakurudza. Vakakumbira chimiro cheDNA vachivakira pakutsvakurudza kwakanga kwamboitwa naRosalind Franklin naMaurice Wilkins. Tsvakurudzo iyi yakazoita kuti DNA iwanikwe mune zvimwe zvipenyu zviduku, zvirimwa nemhuka.  Molecular biology haisi kungodzidza nezvemamolecule uye kudyidzana kwawo; asi, iunganidzwawo yemitoo yakagadzirwa kubvira pakatangwa munda iyo yakaita kuti masayendisiti adzidze nezvezviitiko zvemolecule. Nenzira iyi yakawedzera uye yakavandudza biochemistry uye genetics senzira (dzokunzwisisa zvisikwa) dzakatanga pamberi pokuuya kwayo. Imwe nzira inokosha yakashandura munda wacho inonzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR), iyo yakagadzirwa muna 1983. PCR muitiro unosimbisa uwandu huduku hweDNA, uye unoshandiswa mumashandisirwo mazhinji muminda yesayenzi.  Dzidziso huru yebiology yemamolecular inorondedzera muitiro umo DNA inonyorwa kuva RNA, iyo inobva yashandurwa kuva puroteni.  Molecular biology inoitawo basa rinokosha mukunzwisisa maumbirwo, mabasa, uye kudzora kwemukati mukati memasero ega ega, ayo ose anogona kushandiswa kunyatso tarisa mishonga mitsva, kuongorora chirwere, uye kunzwisisa zviri nani maseru. Kumwe kutsvakurudza kwokurapa uye kurapa kwokurapa kunobva mubiology yemamolecular kunofukidzwa pasi pokurapa kwemajini nepo kushandiswa kwebiology yemamolecular kana kuti molecular cell biology mukurapa zvino kunonzi mushonga wemamolecular.