Ndipei pfupiso yokuti citric acid cycle inoshanda sei
Context:The citric acid cycle (CAC) <unk>ainziwo Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle kana TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) <unk>is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Kutenderera kwaKrebs kunoshandiswa nezvisikwa zvinofema (zvichipesana nezvisikwa zvinovirisa) kugadzira simba, kungave nekufema kweanaerobic kana kufema kweaerobic. Mukuwedzera, kutenderera kunogovera vatangiri vemamwe amino acids, pamwe chete nemugadziri anoderedza NADH, ayo anoshandiswa mune mamwe maitiro akawanda. Kukosha kwayo kukuru kunzira dzakawanda dzebiochemical kunoratidza kuti yakanga iri imwe yezvinhu zvekutanga zvemuviri uye inogona kunge yakatanga abiogenically. Kunyange zvazvo ichinzi "kutenderera", hazvidi hazvo kuti metabolites itevere nzira imwe chete; pane zvimwe zvikamu zvitatu zvecitric acid cycle zvakazivikanwa.  Zita romugwagwa uyu wokuchinja kwezvinhu mumuviri rinobva pane citric acid (tricarboxylic acid, inowanzonzi citrate, sezvo ionized form ichinyanya kuwanika pa biological pH) inodyiwa uye yobva yagadziriswazve nokutevedzana uku kwezvinhu kuti izadzise kutenderera kwacho. Kutenderera kunodya acetate (muchimiro cheacetyl-CoA) nemvura, kunoderedza NAD+ kuNADH, kusunungura carbon dioxide. Iyo NADH inogadzirwa ne citric acid kutenderera inopihwa mune oxidative phosphorylation (electron kutakura) nzira. Mhedzisiro yeiyi nzira mbiri dzakabatanidzwa zvikuru ndeyokuita oxidation yezvinovaka muviri kuti ibudise simba remakemikari rinoshandiswa muchimiro cheATP.  Mumasero eukaryotic, kutenderera kwecitric acid kunoitika mumatrix yemitochondrion. Mumasero eprokaryotic, akadai sebhakitiriya, ayo asina mitochondria, citric acid cycle reaction sequence inoitwa mu cytosol ine proton gradient yeATP kugadzirwa iri pamusoro pesero (plasma membrane) pane kuti membrane yemukati ye mitochondrion.  Nokuda kwemolekyuli imwe neimwe ye pyruvate (kubva kuglycolysis), goho rose remakemikari ane simba anobva mukutenderera kwecitric acid matatu NADH, imwe FADH2, uye imwe GTP.
Kutenderera kwecitric acid kunoshandiswa nezvisikwa kuti zvigadzire simba. Izvi zvinoitwa nemakemikari akawanda anoitika mumitochondria kuti asunungure simba rakachengetwa nokuita kuti acetyl-CoA inobva mumafuta, mapuroteni, uye makabhohaidhiretsi iite oxidation.