Ingabe uhulumeni wase - United States kufanele akhokhe isinxephezelo?
Ngenxa yezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngokuphathelene nomthwalo wemfanelo, ukusatshalaliswa, nezindleko, uHulumeni wase-U.S. akufanele unikeze isinxephezelo semali inzalo yezigqila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhulumeni okhona manje unomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina ngokuphathwa kwezigqila, ukunikeza isinxephezelo, noma ukukhokhwa kwemali ngenxa yokwephula umthetho kukahulumeni ngokuphathelene nezigqila, ngoba inzalo yezigqila kungenzeka kungabi yisixazululo esisebenzayo nesizuzisayo. Esikhundleni salokho, uhulumeni kufanele agxile ekuxhaseni ngemali imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nemiphakathi yabantu abanemibala abahlwempu. Iphutha elikhulu ekwabiweni kwemali yokubuyiselwa kwezigqila liwukuthi kunqunywa ukuthi yibaphi abantu noma imiphakathi eyinzalo yezigqila. Ngenxa yokuthi ubugqila baphela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-150 edlule, "izikhungo eziningi azinawo amarekhodi amahle ngokwanele ukuze kulandelwe inzalo yangempela yezigqila" (Jones). Ukungalungi okungase kube khona ekwazini inzalo kungaholela ekuchithweni kwemali eningi ngokweqile ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo, izinsolo ezingase zibe khona zokukhwabanisa, nezinye izikhalazo ezingenakubalwa. Umthwalo wemfanelo futhi udlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukuthi izimbuyiselo zemali zizokwabiwa kanjani noma kanjani. Nakuba abanikazi bamapulazi bebhekwa njengabanikazi bezigqila, "iSonto LamaKatolika lalingomunye wabanikazi bezigqila abakhulu kunabo bonke emazweni aseMelika" (Jones). Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ezazisebenzisa kabi isimiso sezigqila saseMelika zihlanganisa izinkampani zomshuwalense nezomgwaqo wesitimela: "Izinkampani zomshuwalense zazithengisa izinqubomgomo zokuphila kwabantu abayizigqila (ngokwenzuzo yabanikazi bazo, ngokusobala) noma zazibhala phansi uhambo lwezigqila. Izitimela zazisebenzisa izigqila futhi zazizuza ngokuthutha ukotini noma ilayisi elalikhiqizwa yizigqila ezazisebenza emasimini (Jones). Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kokubili amaqembu angokwenkolo nawezimboni nawo ayenethonya elikhulu kakhulu ohlelweni lobugqila lwaseMelika, umthwalo kahulumeni wokukhokhela inzalo yezigqila ubonakala ungenangqondo. Ukuze ikwazi ukukhokhela inzalo yezigqila, uhulumeni kwakuyodingeka futhi achithe imali eningi ngokweqile. Ukukhokhela umsebenzi wezigqila kudinga ukuba kuhlanganiswe amahora angu-24, izinsuku ezingu-365, iminyaka engu-246, kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali, inani eliphelele elilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zamaRandi. Ngisho nangamanani amancane <unk>ukutshala i-akhawunti ngayinye ngama-$25,000 kungadla uhulumeni ama-$100 billion ngonyaka, okulingana <unk>nango-2% wezindleko zikahulumeni manje<unk> (Huddleston). Ingabe leyo mali iyakufanelekela? Phakathi nobufakazi bakhe, uBeckett wagomela ngokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemali engenayo akunangqondo. Ukuphonsa imali enkingeni ngeke kuyixazulule: ngeke kuqede ukucwaswa ngokobuhlanga futhi kuzokwenza umnotho uwele kakhulu ezikweletini, kudale izinkinga eziningi kunokuzixazulula (Beckett). Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lezi zinxephezelo ziyoba ukuchitha imali yabakhokhi bentela, kodwa kuyaqondakala ukuthi "iningi labantu baseMelika lalingebona abanikazi bezigqila futhi ngisho naseningizimu, kuphela oyedwa kwabahlanu owayenezigqila", "ngokuthonya ngokwengeziwe, "abantu abaningi baseMelika namuhla abanalo nhlobo uxhumano nobugqila njengoba bathuthela lapha ngemva kuka-1865" (Umthombo G). Izimpikiswano zingenziwa ngenxa yokungalingani kwezimbuyiselo, njengoba abambalwa njengezizwe zabomdabu baseMelika banikezwe umhlaba nezimbuyiselo zemali nguhulumeni wase-U.S. Nakuba lezi zinhlanga ezincane ziye zathola isinxephezelo, lesi sinxephezelo siqondiswa ngokuqondile kulabo abahlukunyeziwe. Ithebula lokukhokhwa kwezimbuyiselo zangaphambilini ezikhokhelwe abambalwa/amaqembu ahloselwe ngokobuhlanga kusukela ngo-1952-1990. Inkokhelo yakamuva futhi enkulu kunazo zonke yaba ngo-1990, evela kuhulumeni wase-US kuya ezakhamuzini zaseJapane zaseMelika, ka-$1.2 billion (cishe u-$20,000 umuntu ngamunye) njengempendulo ekamu lamaJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II (Umthombo D). Nakuba lezi zinkokhelo zenziwa kula maqembu amancane, zonke lezi zinxephezelo zanikezwa ngesikhathi izisulu zokuqala zokungabi nabulungisa zisaphila, hhayi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-150 ngemva kweqiniso. Nokho, ukuhoxiswa ngokuphelele kokubuyiselwa kwemali akufanele kwenziwe. Ukugxilisa ukunakekela kwethu ezindleleni ezingcono zokukhokhela inzalo yezigqila ngokuvamile kungaba yinzuzo ezweni, njengoba uNathalie athi inzalo ayinayo ingcebo. Njengoba umthombo oyinhloko womcebo uwukudla ifa, ukungabi bikho kobunikazi bempahla yabansundu kusho ifa elihlukile phakathi kwemindeni yabansundu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo (uNathalie). Ngenkathi izinxephezelo zingasetshenziswa emiphakathini yenzalo kanye nemindeni emnyama engenazo izimali ezanele, lokhu kuthinta abantu okungenzeka bangabi yinzalo, hhayi okuqondene nezisulu: <unk>Abamukeli bezinxephezelo kufanele babe <unk>izisulu eziqondile zokungabi nabulungisa noma imindeni yabo eseduze<unk> (Umthombo G). Naphezu kwalokhu, owayenguMongameli uBarack Obama wathi "izindleko ezinhle kakhulu esingazinikeza izikole ezinhle emadolobheni angaphakathi nemisebenzi yabantu abangasebenzi", nokuthi lezo zindleko "zingathatha uhlobo lwezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokusiza abantu ababhekene nobunzima bazo zonke izinhlanga" (Umthombo E). Phakathi nobufakazi bakhe, uMichelle wavuma, ethi ukusebenzisa izimbuyiselo njengendlela yokwakha izikole nemisebenzi engcono kubantu ababhekene nobunzima kuyindlela ezuzisayo yokusebenzisa lezi zimbuyiselo zemali (uMichelle). Ngokuvamile, uhulumeni wase-U.S., kunokuba ahambise izinkokhelo kubantu noma emiphakathini, kufanele agxile ekuxhaseni imiphakathi enenkinga noma ehlukanisiwe yabazukulu abamnyama bendabuko, njengoba le ndlela ingadala amathuba amaningi nokulingana kwemiphakathi emnyama ehlukanisiwe.