Nikeza lesi sigaba mayelana ne-TCP/IP, yiziphi izinhlamvu ezine zokungabonakali?
Context:I-Internet protocol suite, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-TCP/IP, iyisakhiwo sokuhlela iqoqo lezinqubo zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kwi-Inthanethi namanethiwekhi wekhompyutha afanayo ngokusho kwemigomo yokusebenza. Izivumelwano eziyisisekelo kule suite yi-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), i-User Datagram Protocol (UDP), kanye ne-Internet Protocol (IP). Izinhlobo zakuqala zale modeli yenethiwekhi zaziwa ngokuthi yi-Department of Defense (DoD) ngoba ucwaningo nentuthuko kwakusekelwa ngezimali nguMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States nge-DARPA.  I-Internet protocol suite ihlinzeka ngokuxhumana kwedatha kokuphela kokuphela okucacisa ukuthi idatha kufanele ihlanganiswe kanjani, iqondiswe, idluliswe, iqondiswe futhi yamukelwe. Lokhu kusebenza ihlelwe yaba izingqimba ezine abstraction, okuyinto uhlukanise zonke izivumelwano ezihlobene ngokuvumelana ububanzi protocol ngamunye inethiwekhi. Ukuqaliswa kwezigaba zesicelo esithile kwakha isitaki seprotocol. Ukusuka kokuphansi kuya phezulu, izingqimba ziyi-link layer, equkethe izindlela zokuxhumana zedatha ehlala ngaphakathi kwengxenye eyodwa yenethiwekhi (isixhumanisi); ungqimba lwe-inthanethi, olunikeza i-internetworking phakathi kwamanethiwekhi azimele; ungqimba lokuthutha, olusingatha ukuxhumana kwe-host-to-host; kanye nengqimba yohlelo lokusebenza, enikeza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kwenqubo-to-process yezinhlelo zokusebenza.  Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezisekela i-Internet protocol suite kanye nezinkambiso zayo ezakhiwe zigcinwa yi-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Iqoqo lezinhlelo ze-Internet laqala ngaphambi kwemodeli ye-OSI, uhlaka olubanzi lokubheka izinhlelo zenethiwekhi ezijwayelekile.
Ukusuka kokuphansi kuya kokuphakeme, izingqimba yilezi: - isendlalelo sokuxhumanisa, esiqukethe izindlela zokuxhumana zedatha ehlala ngaphakathi kwengxenye eyodwa yenethiwekhi (isixhumanisi) - ungqimba lwe-inthanethi, olunikeza ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi azimele; - isendlalelo sokuthutha, esiphatha ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-host-to-host; - ungqimba lwezicelo, olunikeza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kusuka kwinqubo kuya kwinqubo yezicelo.