Chii chinonzi allele?
Allele musiyano wetsanangudzo imwe chete ye nucleotides panzvimbo imwe chete paDNA molecule refu, sezvinorondedzerwa mumabhuku anotungamirira ezvemagariro evanhu uye kushanduka-shanduka.  Shoko rokuti "Allele" ishoko rakapfupikiswa rokuti "allelomorph".  "Nzvimbo yechromosomal kana kuti yegenomic yegene kana kuti chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi chemavara anogarwa nhaka inonzi locus (muzhinji: loci) uye nhevedzano dzeDNA dzinoshanduka panzvimbo inonzi alleles".  Maallele akareruka zvikuru ndiwo anonzi single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), asi anogonawo kuva nokuiswa uye kubviswa kwezviuru zvinoverengeka zvema base pairs.  Tsananguro dzakakurumbira dze'allele' dzinowanzoreva chete maallele akasiyana mukati mejenasi. Somuenzaniso, kupatsanura ropa kweABO kunodzorwa nejeni reABO, iro rine maallele matanhatu akafanana (zvakasiyana-siyana). Muzvinyorwa zvevanhu, inenge mifananidzo yose yomunhu mupenyu nokuda kwejeni reABO mubatanidzwa weizvi zvitanhatu chete.  Allele zhinji dzakacherechedzwa dzinoguma nokuchinja kuduku kana kuti kusatongochinja mubato wechigadzirwa chegene chainorondedzera. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, maallele akasiyana-siyana anogona kuguma nezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvinooneka, zvakadai sokusiyana kwemavara. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira weizvi ndiko kuwanikwa kwaGregor Mendel kuti mavara machena nematsvuku emaruva mumiti yemichero yaiva mugumisiro wechimwe chinyorwa chine alleles mbiri.  Anenge mhuka dzose dzine masero akawanda dzine makromosome maviri pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwadzo; ndiko kuti, dzine mapoka maviri. Muchiitiko ichi, makromosome anogona kuwiriraniswa. Chromosome imwe neimwe iri mubhanhire racho ine majini akafanana ari mumutsara mumwe chete, uye panzvimbo imwe chete, pakureba kwechromosome yacho. Nokuda kwegene rakapiwa, kana makromosome maviri ane allele imwe cheteyo, iwo, uye mhuka, ari homozygous pamusoro pegene iroro. Kana maallele acho akasiyana, iwo, uye mhuka yacho, zvine chokuita nejeni iroro.