Iyini impi yama-console emidlalweni yama-video?
Context:Emkhakheni wemidlalo yamavidiyo, impi yekhonsoli ichaza ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi ababili noma ngaphezulu bekhonsoli yemidlalo yevidiyo ukuzama ukufeza ukuthengiswa okungcono kwabathengi ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-console obuthuthuke kakhulu, ukukhethwa okungcono kwemidlalo yevidiyo, nokumaketha okujwayelekile okuzungeze amakhonsoli abo. Ngenkathi abakhiqizi bekhonsoli ngokuvamile behlala bezama ukwenza kangcono kunabanye abakhiqizi ekuthengiseni, lezi zimpi zekhonsoli zibandakanyeka kumasu aqondile okuqhathanisa okunikezwayo kwazo ngqo nabancintisana nabo noma ukubukela phansi ukuncintisana ngokungafani nokwabo, ngakho-ke imizamo yokumaketha ithambekele ekwandeni ngokuqhubekayo.  Ngenkathi kube nezimpi eziningi zekhonsoli kuze kube manje, leli gama laduma phakathi kukaSega noNintendo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 njengoba uSega ezama ukungena emakethe yemidlalo yama-United States nge-Sega Genesis console yayo. Ngokusebenzisa indlela entsha yokumaketha kanye ne-hardware ethuthukisiwe, uSega wakwazi ukuthola iningi lemakethe ye-video game console ngo-1991, eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokwethulwa kweGenesis. Lokhu kwabangela ukuncintisana phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Kodwa-ke, iNintendo ekugcineni yathola isabelo sayo semakethe futhi iSega yayeka ukwenza i-hardware yekhonsoli yasekhaya ngo-2001.
Imakethe ye-video game console yaqala ngo-1972 ngokukhishwa kwekhonsoli yokuqala yasekhaya, i-Magnavox Odyssey. Njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi bengena emakethe futhi ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, imakethe yaqala ukuhlangana ngomqondo wezizukulwane ze-console, amaqembu ama-console anezincazelo zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo ezincintisana emakethe yabathengi. Kusukela ngo-1972, kuye kwaba khona izizukulwane eziyisishiyagalolunye zalolu hlobo lwekhonsoli, nabakhiqizi ababili kuya kwabathathu abalawula imakethe njenge-oligopoly.  Njengasemikhakheni eminingi ngaphandle komholi oyedwa ophambili, abakhiqizi bekhonsoli bakhangise imikhiqizo yabo ngendlela yokuyigqamisa ngendlela enhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabancintisana nabo, noma ukugxila kuzici abancintisana nabo abangase bangabi nazo, imvamisa ngezindlela ezinodlame. Isibonelo, abakhiqizi bekhonsoli ngeminyaka yama-1980 kanye nama-1990 bathembele kakhulu kusayizi wamagama weyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi, begcizelela ukuthi imidlalo inamandla angcono ngama-processor angama-16-bit kune-8-bit. Lolu hlobo lokumaketha okunonya lwaholela izintatheli zemidlalo yama-video ukuba zibize ukumaketha kokuncintisana ngokuthi "impi" noma "ukulwa" ngo-August 1988. Njengoba isizukulwane ngasinye esisha se-console savela nezindlela ezintsha zokumaketha, izintatheli nabathengi baqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukwehluka kolimi "lwempi", kufaka phakathi "izimpi zohlelo" kanye "nezimpi zekhonsoli". Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, igama elithi "impi yekhonsoli" lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza ukuncintisana okufudumele phakathi kwabakhiqizi bekhonsoli kunoma yisiphi isizukulwane.  Yize kungeyona kuphela impi yekhonsoli, ukuncintisana phakathi kweSega neNintendo ngokubusa emakethe yemidlalo yevidiyo yaseNyakatho Melika ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 ngokuvamile kuyisibonelo esibonakalayo sempi yekhonsoli. Yasungula ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga okuthengisa nokukhangisa anolaka yinkampani ngayinye ukuzama ukulawula imakethe, futhi yaphela cishe ngo-1995 lapho umdlali omusha, uSony, engena futhi ephazamisa isikhala sekhonsoli.  Imboni yemidlalo yama-video yase-United States yabhekana nokuwa okukhulu emakethe ngo-1983 ngenxa yezici eziningi ezaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu emakethe kanye nokwanda kokuthandwa kwamakhompyutha womuntu siqu njengeplatifomu yemidlalo yevidiyo. Isici esiyinhloko esabangela ukuphahlazeka kwaba ukulahleka kokulawula ukushicilelwa kwemidlalo ye-console. Impumelelo yokuqala yabanye abathuthukisi beqembu lesithathu njenge-Activision ye-Atari VCS console iholele ekutheni abatshalizimali be-venture balethe amaqembu abahleli bezinhlelo abangenalwazi ukuzama ukubamba impumelelo efanayo, kepha bakwazile kuphela ukugcwala imakethe ngemidlalo esezingeni eliphansi, okwenze kwaba nzima ukuthi imidlalo esezingeni eliphakeme ithengiswe. Ukuwa kwemidlalo yama-video kwaba nomthelela kwezinye izici embonini ezazisele ziyancipha, njengama-arcade emidlalo yama-video.  EJapane, iNintendo yayikhiphe i-Famicom (Family Computer) console yayo ngo-1983, enye yama-console okuqala esizukulwaneni sesithathu noma isizukulwane "se-8-bit". IJapane yayingenayo inqubo efanayo yokuthuthukiswa komuntu wesithathu, futhi iNintendo yagcina ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwama-cartridge womdlalo we-Famicom isebenzisa imodeli yelayisense ukunciphisa ukuthi yimiphi imidlalo yomuntu wesithathu eyashicilelwa kuyo. I-Famicom yasungulwa ngephutha lobuchwepheshe iNintendo eyaphuthuma ukulilungisa, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-1984, i-Famicom yayiyi-console ethengiswa kakhulu eJapane. UNintendo wafuna ukukhipha iyunithi e-United States, kodwa waqaphela ukuthi imakethe yayisalwisana nokuwa kwe-1983. INintendo yathatha izinyathelo eziningana zokwakha kabusha iFamicom ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwe-United States. Yenziwa yabukeka njengeyunithi ye-VCR kunekhonsoli, futhi yanikezwa igama elithi "Nintendo Entertainment System" ukuyikhipha ekubeni yikhonsoli yemidlalo yevidiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNintendo yengeza uhlelo olukhethekile lokuvala i-10NES olusebenza njengohlelo lokhiye nokhiye ngamakhotheshini omdlalo ukuvimbela imidlalo engagunyaziwe ukuthi ishicilelwe uhlelo futhi igweme ukulahleka kokulawula ukushicilelwa okwakubangele ukuphahlazeka kuka-1983. I-NES yavuselela imboni yemidlalo yamavidiyo yase-US futhi yasungula iNintendo njengegama elibusayo kumakhonsoli emidlalo yamavidiyo ngaphezu kwe-Atari. Ekuthengisweni kwayo yonke impilo, i-NES ithengise cishe amayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-62 emhlabeni wonke, kanti izigidi ezingama-34 eNyakatho Melika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSega wayefuna ukungena embonini ye-video game console futhi, ekubeni ngumkhiqizi we-arcade game ophumelelayo, kodwa ngenxa yokwehla kwebhizinisi le-arcade game, wabheka ukusebenzisa lolo lwazi emakethe yasekhaya. Bakhipha ikhonsoli ye-SG-1000 eJapan ngosuku olufanayo neFamicom ngo-1983, kodwa bathengisa kuphela amayunithi ayi-160,000 we-SG-1000 ngonyaka wayo wokuqala.  I-Sega yaklama kabusha i-SG-1000 kabili ukuzama ukwakha uhlelo lokuphikisa ukubusa kweNintendo; i-SG-1000 Mark II yahlala ihambisana ne-SG-1000 kodwa yehluleka ukuthola okunye ukuthengisa. Ukuphindaphinda okulandelayo, i-Sega Mark III, yakhishwa ngo-1985, kusetshenziswa i-hardware ye-arcade yakwa-Sega ngaphakathi kwayo ukuhlinzeka ngemidwebo ehlanjululwe ngokwengeziwe. I-console yayinamandla kancane kune-Famicom, futhi ukumaketha kukaSega kwazama ukucindezela imidwebo ethuthuke kakhulu uhlelo lwabo olwalunikezwa kwi-Famicom. Kodwa-ke, uSega wathola ukuthi iNintendo iphinde yaqasha abanye abathuthukisi ukuthi bathuthukise imidlalo yabo kuphela yeFamicom, futhi uSega waphoqeleka ukuthi athuthukise izihloko zabo noma athuthukise imidlalo evela kwabanye abathuthukisi uqobo, anciphise usayizi womtapo wezincwadi weMark III eJapan. USega wazama ukulandela iNintendo ngokukhishwa komhlaba wonke kweMark III, eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yi-Master System. I-Master System yakhishwa e-United States ngo-1986, kodwa iNintendo yayinezindlela ezifanayo zokunikeza amalayisense e-US ukugcina abathuthukisi bebodwa ku-NES, bekhawulela umtapo wezincwadi wemidlalo uSega ayengayinikeza futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi enye ingozi yokudlala ayiqali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthengisi wesithathu weSega, inkampani yamathoyizi iTonka, wakhetha ukungafaki imidlalo eminingi yaseJapan uSega ayidalile, waqhubeka nokubeka umkhawulo kumtapo wemidlalo uSega ayengayinikeza e-U.S. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwathengiswa amasistimu ayizigidi ezimbili kuphela.  Impi ye-Sega ne-Nintendo console ngokuyinhloko igxile ekwethulweni kwe-Sega Genesis ukuzama ukuthengisa i-Nintendo Entertainment System e-United States. Isizukulwane sesine samakhonsoli emidlalo yevidiyo saqala ngokwethulwa kwe-NEC's PC Engine ngo-1987 eJapan. Ngenkathi i-PC Engine isebenzisa i-CPU engu-8-bit, yayihlanganisa izingxenye zokwenza imidwebo engu-16-bit, futhi i-NEC yayithengisa lokhu kakhulu njengekhonsoli yemidlalo engu-16-bit ukuyihlukanisa neFamicom noMark III; lapho i-NEC iletha i-PC Engine emhlabeni wonke, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i- "TurboGrafx-16" ukugcizelela lokhu. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-TurboGrafx-16, ukusetshenziswa kwegama le-bit kwabanjwa. Lokhu kwaholela abakhiqizi ukuba bagxile kakhulu ekukhangiseni kwabo ngenani lama-bit ohlelweni lwe-console ngezizukulwane ezimbili ezilandelayo ze-console.  I-NEC yayingomunye umncintiswano weSega neNintendo. Ngokulandela indlela efanayo ababeyenzele iMark III, uSega wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babo bemidlalo ye-arcade, manje esebenzisa amabhodi weprosesa ayi-16-bit, futhi wawalungisa waba ikhonsoli yasekhaya, eyakhishwa eJapan ngo-Okthoba 1988 njengeMega Drive. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Mega Drive yangaphambilini, i-Mega Drive yaklanywa ukuthi ibukeke ivuthiwe futhi ingafani nethuluzi lokudlala uma iqhathaniswa ne-Famicom ukuheha inani elidala labadlali bamageyimu, futhi igama elithi "16-bit" laliphefumulelwe esimweni se-console ukugcizelela lesi sici. Ngenkathi uhlelo luthola ukwamukelwa okuhle komagazini bemidlalo abanjengoFamitsu, lwagqanyiswa ukukhishwa kweSuper Mario Bros. 3 yeFamicom ngesonto eledlule.  Njengoba kwenzeka nge-Master System, iSega nayo yahlela ukucindezela okukhulu kweMega Drive e-United States ukuphonsela inselelo ukubusa kukaNintendo phakathi kwezinye izimakethe, neyunithi iqanjwe kabusha njengeSega Genesis. I-Sega yayingagculisekile ngendlela i-Tonka eyayiphatha ngayo i-Master System ngakho yafuna umlingani omusha nge-Atari Corporation eholwa nguJack Tramiel. UTramiel wayethembele kakhulu kuGenesise ngenxa yezindleko zayo, futhi wenqaba ukunikezwa, kunalokho wagxila kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwamakhompyutha kwenkampani. I-Sega esikhundleni salokho isebenzise igatsha layo le-Sega of America elalilele ukuqhuba ukwethulwa okulinganiselwe kwekhonsoli ngo-Agasti 1989 ezimakethe zokuhlola zaseNew York City naseLos Angeles, ngohlelo lwayo lokwethulwa luhlanganiswa ne-port yomdlalo we-arcade Altered Beast.  Ngo-Okthoba ka-1989, inkampani yaqoka owayengumongameli we-Atari Entertainment Electronics Division uMichael Katz njengo-CEO weSega of America ukuze aqalise isu lokumaketha lokukhuthaza i-Genesis ezweni lonke ngenhloso yokuthola amakhonsoli ayisigidi. UKatz wasebenzisa amasu amabili ukuze aphikisane neNintendo. Eyokuqala kwakuwukugcizelela amakhono afana ne-arcade kaGenesise namakhono emidlalo efana ne-Altered Beast uma kuqhathaniswa nemidwebo elula ye-8-bit ye-NES, nokwenza iziqubulo ezinjengokuthi "uGenesise wenza lokho iNintendon't. "Katz waphinde waphawula ukuthi iNintendo isaphethe iningi lamalungelo emidlalo ye-arcade ye-NES, ngakho-ke ingxenye yesibili yamasu akhe kwakuwukusebenzisana nendlunkulu yaseJapane yakwaSega ukukhokhela osaziwayo ngamalungelo abo okuqamba imidlalo efana nePat Riley Basketball, Arnold Palmer Golf, Joe Montana Football, kanye neMichael Jackson's Moonwalker.  Iningi lale midlalo yathuthukiswa yi-Sega's Japanese programmers, nakuba ikakhulukazi, uJoe Montana Football ekuqaleni yayithuthukiswe yiMediagenic, igama elisha le-Activision ngemuva kokuthi ihlanganyele kakhulu ekushicileleni nasekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi eceleni kwemidlalo. IMediagenic yayiqale umdlalo webhola lezinyawo uKatz ayefuna ukuwufaka ngaphansi kwegama likaJoe Montana, kodwa uKatz wayengazi ngaleso sikhathi, lo mdlalo wawuphothulwe kuphela ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezingxabano zangaphakathi eMediagenic. Ngemuva kokuthi isivumelwano sesiphothuliwe futhi uKatz ezwile ngalokhu, wathatha umdlalo waya ku-Electronic Arts. I-Electronic Arts yayisivele yenze amandla abalulekile embonini njengoba bekwazile ukuguqula ifomethi ye-cartridge kuzo zombili i-NES ne-Genesis, yize isikhulu esiphezulu se-Electronic Arts uTrip Hawkins ebona kungcono ukuthi inkampani ithuthukisele i-Genesis. I-Electronic Arts isebenzise ulwazi lwayo lobunjiniyela obuguqukayo njengengxenye yezingxoxo zabo neSega ukuqinisekisa inkontileka yelayisense ekhululekile yokuthuthukisa ngokuvulekile kuGenesise, okwaba yinzuzo kuzo zombili izinkampani. Ngesikhathi uKatz ethola ibhola likaJoe Montana leMediagenic, i-Electronic Arts yayisebenza ochungechungeni lwayo lweJohn Madden Football lwamakhompyutha. I-Electronic Arts yakwazi ukusiza ukuletha uJoe Montana Football, njengesihloko se-arcade uma kuqhathaniswa ne-strategic John Madden Football, ibe ngokoqobo, kanye nokuletha uJohn Madden Football njengesihloko seGenesis.  Ukukhuthazwa kwesibili ngo-1991 I-Genesis yayisalwela e-United States ngokumelene ne-Nintendo, futhi yathengisa kuphela amayunithi angaba ngu-500,000 maphakathi no-1990. INintendo yayikhiphe iSuper Mario Bros. 3 ngoFebhuwari ka-1990 eyaqhubeka nokushayela ukuthengiswa kude nohlelo lukaSega. INintendo ngokwayo ayibonakali ithintwe ukungena kweSega noma i-NEC emakethe ye-console. Umongameli weSega uHayao Nakayama wayefuna inkampani yakhe ithuthukise umlingiswa oyisimangaliso futhi yakhe umdlalo ozungezile njengenye indlela yokuphikisana nesidlaliso sikaNintendo uMario. Umculi weNkampani uNaoto Ohshima weza nomqondo weSonic the Hedgehog, umlingiswa osheshayo we-anthropomorphic "onesimo sengqondo" esizokhanga intsha futhi sifaka umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka welogo kaSega, kanti u-Yuji Naka wasiza ekuthuthukiseni umdlalo weSonic the Hedgehog ukukhombisa umlingiswa kanye nemidwebo nesivinini sokucubungula seGenesis. Umdlalo wawusulungele ekuqaleni kuka-1991 futhi wethulwa eNyakatho Melika ngoJuni 1991.  Ngokwehlukana, uSega waxosha uKatz futhi wamfaka esikhundleni sakhe uTom Kalinske njengo-CEO omusha weSega of America maphakathi no-1990. UKalinske wayengumongameli weMattel futhi wayengenalo ulwazi oluningi emidlalweni yevidiyo kodwa waqaphela imodeli ye-razor and blades, futhi wasungula isu elisha lokunyakaza kukaSega ukuphonsela inselelo ukubusa kukaNintendo eMelika ngezinqumo ezine ezibalulekile, ezibandakanya ukusika intengo kaGenesise kusuka ku- $ 189 kuya ku- $ 149, futhi uqhubeke nemikhankaso efanayo yokumaketha enolaka yokwenza uGenesise abukeke "epholile" ngaphezu kwe-NES kanye ne-Nintendo ezayo iSuper Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKalinske wacindezela kakhulu abathuthukisi baseMelika abanjengo-Electronic Arts ukuthi benze imidlalo kuGenesise ezolingana kangcono nezintandokazi zaseMelika, ikakhulukazi imidlalo yokulingisa ezemidlalo lapho ikhonsoli ithole idumela. Ekugcineni, uKalinske waphikelela ekwenzeni iSonic the Hedgehog umdlalo ohlanganisiwe ohlelweni ngemuva kokukhishwa kwayo ngoJuni 1991, esikhundleni se-Altered Beast futhi waze wanikeza labo ababethenge uGenesise nge-Altered Beast esikhundleni sokuhweba ngeSonic.  Ngaphansi kukaKalinske, uSega uphinde wavuselela indlela yabo yokukhangisa, ehlose izethameli zabantu abadala abasebasha, njengoba iNintendo yayisabeka i-SNES njengekhonsoli elungele izingane. Ukukhangisa kugxile ku-Sonic, imidlalo edgier kulabhulali yeGenesis, kanye nelabhulali yayo enkulu yemidlalo yezemidlalo eyathandeka kuleli qembu. Izikhangiso zethelevishini zeGenesis nemidlalo yayo zaphela nge- "Sega Scream" <unk> umlingiswa omemeza igama elithi "Sega" kwikhamera esithombeni sokugcina <unk> okubuye kwabanjwa ngokushesha.  Lezi zinguquko, zonke ezandulela ukukhishwa kwe-SNES eNyakatho Melika ngoSepthemba 1991, zanikeza uSega inzuzo yakhe yokuqala kuNintendo emakethe yase-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehliswa kwentengo kuya ku- $ 149 kwenza uGenesise waba inketho eshibhile kunentengo ehleliwe engu- $ 199 ye-SNES kwaholela emindenini eminingi ukuthenga uGenesise esikhundleni sokulinda i-SNES. I-Genesis yayinomtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wemidlalo ye-US enezihloko ezingaphezu kwe-150 ngesikhathi i-SNES iqaliswa kanye nemidlalo eyisishiyagalombili, kanti iSega yaqhubeka nokukhipha izihloko ezazidonsa umshini oqhubekayo unyaka wonke, kanti nge-SNES, umtapo wayo wemidlalo wawubanjwa ngumdlalo we-Mario noZelda owawuphuma kanye ngonyaka, kanye nokuncane okwenza i-Genesis ibe inketho efiselekayo.  KwaNintendo, kuze kube ngo-1991, babebambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kukaSega eNyakatho Melika, kepha njengoba ukwethulwa kwe-SNES kusondela, inkampani yaqaphela ukuthi balahlekelwa yindawo. Le nkampani ishintshe ukukhangisa kwabo eNyakatho Melika ukugxila ezintweni ezithuthukile ze-SNES ezazingekho kuGenesise, njengeModi 7 yayo yokudala imiphumela yokubuka ye-3D. Ukuthunyelwa kokuqala kwamayunithi we-SNES ayisigidi kudayiswe ngokushesha futhi inani eliphelele lama-SNES ayizigidi ezi-3.4 lathengiswa ngasekupheleni kuka-1991, irekhodi lokwethulwa kwekhonsoli entsha, kepha uGenesise wagcina ukuthengisa okuqinile ngokumelene ne-SNES. Ukuqina kweGenesis ngokumelene ne-SNES kwaholela abathuthukisi abaningi beqembu lesithathu likaNintendo ukuthi baphule izivumelwano zabo zokuthuthuka okukhethekile neNintendo futhi bafune amalayisense okuthuthukisa iGenesis. Kuhlanganisa i-Acclaim, i-Konami, i-Tecmo, i-Taito, ne-Capcom. Lesi sakamuva sihlele ukuba nenqubo ekhethekile yelayisense neSega, ebavumela ukuthi bashicilele izihloko ezikhethiwe zeGenesis kuphela.  Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugqugquzela ukumaketha kokubili i-Nintendo ne-Sega kwaholela ekukhuleni komagazini bemidlalo yevidiyo. INintendo yayisivele isungule iNintendo Power ngo-1988 ngokwengxenye ukuze isebenze njengomhlahlandlela wosizo kubadlali ngezihloko zayo ezithandwayo, futhi yakwazi ukukusebenzisa lokhu ukukhangisa i-SNES nemidlalo ezayo. Ezinye izihloko eziningi zakhula ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kunika iSega ithuba lokuthengisa imidlalo yayo kakhulu kulezi zincwadi.  Impi iyanda ngo - 1992 nango - 1993 INintendo yavuma obala ukuthi yayisazi ukuthi yayingasekho esimweni esibusayo emakethe ye-console ngo-1992. Ngonyaka owodwa kukhishwe i-SNES, intengo ye-SNES yehliselwa ku- $ 149 ukuze ifane noGenesise, lapho uSega ehlise khona uGenesise ku- $ 129 ngemuva nje kwalokho. I-SNES yasizwa yisinqumo seCapcom sokugcina ubunikazi bomdlalo wayo odumile we-arcade game Street Fighter II: The World Warrior ku-SNES lapho ikhishwa ngoJuni 1992. Ngesikhathi i-SNES idlula i-Genesis e-U.S. ngo-1992, i-Genesis yayisenesisekelo esikhulu sokufakwa. Ekuqaleni kuka-1993, i-Genesis yayibambe cishe u-55% wemakethe, okuhluke kakhulu ku-1990 lapho iNintendo yayilawule u-90% wemakethe.  Impumelelo ye-Street Fighter II kokubili njengomdlalo we-arcade kanye nesihloko sekhonsoli yasekhaya kwaholela ekukhuleni kohlobo lomdlalo wokulwa, futhi kwalandelwa ukuhlukahluka okuningi okuvela kwabanye abathuthukisi. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwakuyiMortal Kombat kaMidway, eyakhishwa kuma-arcade ngo-1992. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imidlalo yokulwa yangaleso sikhathi, i-Mortal Kombat yayinobudlova kakhulu. Lo mdlalo ubonise ama-combatants' blood splatter ngesikhathi sokulwa futhi wavumela abadlali ukuthi baqede imidlalo "ngokubulala" okunamandla. Ngenxa yesitayela sayo esiphikisanayo nokudlala, lo mdlalo wabonakala uthandwa kakhulu kuma-arcade. Ngo-1993, bobabili iNintendo neSega babona isidingo sokuba ne-Mortal Kombat kuma-consoles abo. Kodwa-ke, iNintendo, esaba izinkinga ngobudlova bomdlalo, yanikeza ilayisense enguqulweni "ehlanzekile" yomdlalo kusuka ku-Acclaim ye-SNES. Okwakuhilela ukufaka umjuluko esikhundleni segazi futhi kususwe izingozi ezishiwo ngenhla. I-Sega iphinde yanikeza ilayisense inguqulo ebekiwe yomdlalo we-Genesis. Kodwa-ke, abadlali bangangena ikhodi yokukhohlisa ebuyisela umdlalo emuva kunguqulo yawo yasekuqaleni ye-arcade. Zombili izinguqulo zasekhaya zakhishwa ngoSepthemba, futhi cishe amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-6.5 athengiswa ngesikhathi sokuphila komdlalo. Kodwa inguqulo kaGenesise yayithandwa kakhulu ngokuthengiswa okuphindwe kathathu noma kahlanu kunengxenye yayo ye-SNES.  Ividiyo yangaphandle isithonjana sevidiyo i-C-SPAN isiqephu sokuqulwa kwecala lokuqala le-Congress ngo-December 9, 1993. Ukuthandwa kwenguqulo yekhonsoli yasekhaya yeMortal Kombat, kanye nokunye ukwethuka kokuziphatha ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kwaholela ekukhathazekeni kwabazali, izishoshovu kanye nezishayamthetho e-United States, okwaholela ekulalelweni kweCongress ngo-1993 emidlalweni yevidiyo eyaqala ukubanjwa ngoDisemba. Eholwa amaSenator uJoe Lieberman noHerb Kohl, amaKomidi eSenate Wezindaba Zombuso Nezokwahlulela aletha abaholi abaningi embonini yemidlalo yamavidiyo, kufaka phakathi uHoward Lincoln, iphini likamongameli weNintendo of America, noBill White, iphini likamongameli weSega of America, ukuxoxa ngendlela abathengisa ngayo imidlalo efana ne-Mortal Kombat ne-Night Trap kuma-consoles ezinganeni. ULincoln noWhite basola izinkampani zomunye nomunye ngokudala inkinga eyayikhona. ULincoln wathi iNintendo yayithathe indlela ehlelekile yokukhetha imidlalo ye-console yabo, nokuthi imidlalo enobudlova yayingenandawo emakethe. U-White waphendula ngokuthi uSega wayehlose ukubhekisisa izethameli ezindala kuneNintendo, futhi wayedala uhlelo lokulinganisa imidlalo yakhe ebelilokhu lizama ukukhuthaza yonke imboni ukuthi isebenzise; ngaphezu kwalokho, naphezu kokubhekwa kweNintendo, u-White waveza ukuthi kusekhona izihloko eziningi zeNintendo ezifaka udlame. Njengoba u-Lincoln no-White bengazange badlale kakhulu, uLieberman waphetha ukulalelwa kokuqala ngesixwayiso sokuthi imboni idinga ukuhlangana nezindlela ezithile zokulawula imidlalo yevidiyo noma kungenjalo iCongress izokhipha imithetho yokwenza lokhu kubo.  Ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala lesibili ngoMashi 1994, imboni yayisihlangene ukuze yakhe i-Interactive Digital Software Association (namuhla i-Entertainment Software Association) futhi yayisebenza ukusungula i-Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), iphaneli lokulinganisa, ekugcineni eyethulwa ngoSepthemba 1994. Naphezu kokuthi uSega wanikela ngohlelo lwayo lokulinganisa njengendawo yokuqala, iNintendo yenqaba ukusebenza nalo njengoba bebona uSega njengomphikisi wabo, edinga ukuthi kudalwe uhlelo olusha ngokuphelele. Ekugcineni i - ESRB yasungula ifomu elisekelwe esimisweni se - Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) sokulinganisa amafilimu, futhi ikomiti yaneliseka ngesimiso esihlongozwayo futhi yavumela umkhakha wemidlalo yama - video ukuba uqhubeke ngaphandle kwemithetho eyengeziwe.  Ukufika kweSony nokuphela kwempi    I-Sega Saturn (phezulu) ne-Nintendo 64 (phakathi) balwa nomuntu omusha we-Sony, i-PlayStation, okwagcina kuqede impi ye-Sega ne-Nintendo. Ngo-1994 nango-1995, kwaba khona ukuncipha embonini yemidlalo yevidiyo, i-NPD Group ibika ukwehla kwemali engenayo engu-17% no-19% ngonyaka. Ngenkathi uSega edlula iNintendo ngo-1993, yayisaphethe isikweletu sebhizinisi ngenkathi iNintendo ihlala ingenaso isikweletu ekubeni nesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke, ngisho nokushaya uSega emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika nase-US ngokuwina impi ye-16 bit console. Ukuqhubeka nokulwa neNintendo, ikhonsoli elandelayo kaSega kwakuyiSega Saturn, eyakhishwa okokuqala ngoNovemba 1994 eJapan. Yaletha ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa yimidlalo ye-arcade yakwa-Sega eyayisebenzisa imidwebo ye-polygonal ye-3d, futhi izihloko zokwethulwa zafaka izinhlobo zasekhaya zale midlalo ye-arcade kufaka phakathi iVirtua Fighter. Ngenkathi i-Virtua Fighter yayingeyona umdlalo we-pack-in, ukuthengiswa kwesihloko bekucishe kube ngu-1: 1 nekhonsoli eJapan. USega, eqaphela ukuthi banamakhonsathi amaningi anemidlalo ehlukene manje ababezama ukuyisekela, banquma ukubeka ukunakwa kwabo kakhulu kulayini weSaturn ngokuya phambili, belahla ukusekelwa kweGenesis yize ukuthengisa kwayo kwakusaphakeme e-United States ngaleso sikhathi.  Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwavela umncintiswano omusha emakethe ye-console, i-Sony Computer Entertainment, ngokwethulwa kwe-PlayStation ngoDisemba 1994. I-Sega, eyazi ngokuncintisana okungenzeka kwe-Sony eJapan, yaqinisekisa ukuthi ine-Saturn eyanele elungele ukuthengiswa ngosuku i-PlayStation eyathunyelwa ngalo okokuqala ukuze igcwale ukunikezwa kwe-Sony.  Bobabili iSega neSony baphendukela ekuthutheleni lawa mayunithi emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika. Ngokwakhiwa kwe-ISDA, umbukiso omusha wezokuhweba waseNyakatho Melika, i-Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) yadalwa ngo-1995 ukugxila emidlalweni yevidiyo, ukuyihlukanisa neConsumer Electronics Show (CES), eyayihlanganisa yonke i-elekthronikhi yasekhaya. I-Nintendo, i-Sega ne-Sony banikeza ukusekela kwabo okugcwele ku-E3 ngo-1995. USega wayekholelwa ukuthi unesikhundla esiqinile sokuya ku-E3 ngaphezu kweSony, njengoba izincwadi zemidlalo, ziqhathanisa iSaturn nePlayStation, zilinganise iSaturn njengohlelo olungcono. Emcimbini wokuqala we-E3 ngoMeyi 1995, i-Sega's Kalinske yavula inguqulo yaseNyakatho Melika ye-Saturn, yamemezela izici zayo ezahlukahlukene kanye nentengo yayo yokuthengisa engu- $ 399, futhi yathi ngenkathi izokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngalolo suku olufanayo, base bethumele izinhlelo eziningi kubathengisi abakhethiwe ukuze zithengiswe. U-Olaf Olafsson we-Sony Electronic Publishing waqala ukumboza izici ze-PlayStation, wabe esemema uSteve Race, umongameli we-Sony Computer Entertainment America esiteji. URace washo ukuthi i-PlayStation yayizothengiswa ngentengo engu-"$299", wabe eshiya "ukushaywa ihlombe okukhulu". Ukwehliswa kwentengo okungazelelwe kwabamba iSega, futhi, ngaphezu kokudonsa izitolo eziningana iSega kulayini wazo ngenxa yokugwenywa ekuthengisweni kweSaturn kwasekuqaleni, iphuzu lentengo eliphakeme lenze kwaba nzima kakhulu kubo ukuthengisa uhlelo. Lapho i-PlayStation yethulwa ngokusemthethweni e-United States ngo-September 1995, ukuthengiswa kwayo ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala kwadlula lokho okwakuthengiswe yi-Saturn ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezandulele. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Sega yayitshale kakhulu ku-Saturn esikhathini esizayo, ukuncintisana kwe-Sony kwalimaza kakhulu imali yenkampani.  Endabeni kaNintendo, badlula i-CPU engama-32-bit futhi esikhundleni salokho ukunikezwa kwabo okulandelayo kwakuyiNintendo 64, ikhonsoli ye-CPU engama-64-bit eyakhishwa okokuqala ngoJuni 1996. Yize lokhu kubanikeze amakhono anamandla afana nemidwebo ye-3D ukuhambisana nokudlula leyo ekuSaturn nakuPlayStation, bekusenguhlelo olususelwa ku-cartridge olunciphisa inani lemininingwane engabekwa emdlalweni ngamunye. Lesi sinqumo sagcina sibalahlekisele iSquare Soft eyathuthela uchungechunge lwayo oludumile lweFinal Fantasy kulayini we-PlayStation ukuze isebenzise isikhala esikhulu kuma-optical media. Umdlalo wokuqala we-PlayStation ochungechungeni, i-Final Fantasy VII, waqhuba ukuthengiswa kwe-PlayStation, waqhubeka nokwenza buthaka isikhundla sikaNintendo futhi waqhuba iSega ngaphandle kwemakethe.  Ngalesi sikhathi, impi ye-console phakathi kweNintendo neSega yayisiphelile, zombili izinkampani manje zibhekene neSony njengomphikisi wazo. I-Sega yenza enye i-console, i-Dreamcast, eyayinezici eziningi ezintsha ezibandakanya imodemu eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, kepha isikhathi sokuphila se-console sasifushane ngokwengxenye ngenxa yempumelelo yomkhiqizo olandelayo we-Sony, i-PlayStation 2, enye yama-console asekhaya athengiswa kakhulu kunawo wonke. I-Sega yashiya ibhizinisi le-hardware yekhonsoli yasekhaya ngo-2001 ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni isoftware nokulayisensa. INintendo ihlala ingumdlali obalulekile ebhizinisini lamakhonsoli asekhaya, kepha muva nje ithathe "isu lolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" ukugwema ukuncintisana ngqo neSony noma iMicrosoft ngesisekelo se-feature-for-feature ngama-consoles afana ne-Wii, i-Nintendo DS, ne-Nintendo Shintsha.   Impi ye-Sega / Nintendo console iyisihloko senoveli engeyona eqanjiwe i-Console Wars ebhalwe nguBlake Harris ngo-2014, kanye nokulungiswa kwefilimu / idokhumenti yencwadi ngo-2020.  Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iSega neNintendo baye basebenzisana emidlalweni ehlukahlukene. I-Sega ithuthukise uchungechunge lwemidlalo yezemidlalo ye-Mario & Sonic kuma-Olimpiki esekwe kuma-Olimpiki asehlobo nasebusika kusukela ngo-2008 enabalingiswa abavela kuzo zombili i-Super Mario ne-Sonic series, ngenkathi iNintendo ithuthukise uchungechunge lwe-Super Smash Bros. crossover fighter for izakhiwo eziningi ze-Nintendo ezibandakanya iSonic njengomlingiswa odlalwayo kanye nezinye izinhlamvu zeSonic ekusekeleni izindima kusukela ku-Super Smash Bros. Brawl.     Ama-handheld console angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Inani elikhulu lamakhonsoli aphathwayo akhululwa emakethe cishe ngonyaka owodwa: i-Nintendo's Game Boy, i-Sega's Game Gear, ne-Atari Lynx. Ngenkathi i-Game Boy isebenzisa isibonisi se-monochromatic, zombili i-Game Gear ne-Lynx zazinemibala. Njengoba lezi zinguqulo eziphethwe ngesandla zazihambisana nempi ye-Sega vs. Nintendo console, nazo zazibhekene nokumaketha okukhulu nokukhangisa ukuzama ukuheha abathengi. Kodwa-ke, i-Game Boy yagcina inqobile kule mpi, ithengisa amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-118 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo (kufaka phakathi izibuyekezo zayo zesikhathi esizayo) uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi eziyi-10 zeGame Gear nezigidi ezi-3 zeLynx. I-Game Boy ekuqaleni yayithengiswa ngama- $ 50 noma ngaphezulu eshibhile kunabancintisana nabo, futhi yayinomtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wemidlalo, kufaka phakathi lokho okubhekwa njengohlelo lokusebenza lombulali we-handheld, iTetris, eyadonsela abantu abangewona ama-gamer ukuthi bathenge i-handheld ukuze bayidlale.   Uchungechunge lwe-Hyperdimension Neptunia lwemidlalo yevidiyo luqale njengokuhlekisa ngezimpi ze-console, kufaka phakathi ama-consoles, abathuthukisi, abathengi, nezinye izibalo ezinjalo embonini yezemidlalo.