K'homphieutha ea quantum ke eng?
K'homphieutha ea quantum ke k'homphieutha e sebelisang liketsahalo tsa quantum mechanical. Ka tekanyo e nyenyane, lintho tse bonahalang li bontša litšobotsi tsa likaroloana le maqhubu,' me k'homphieutha ea quantum e sebelisa mekhoa ena ka ho sebelisa thepa e khethehileng. K'homphieutha ea quantum e ka khona ho etsa lipalo ka potlako ho feta k'homphieutha leha e le efe ea "k'homphieutha" ea kajeno. Ka ho khetheha, k'homphieutha e khōlō ea quantum e ka senya mekhoa e sebelisoang ka ho pharaletseng ea ho pata le ho thusa litsebi tsa fisiks ha li etsa litekanyetso tsa'mele; leha ho le joalo, boemo ba hona joale ba tsebo bo ntse bo lekoa haholo ebile ha bo sebetse.  Ntho ea motheo ea boitsebiso ho lik'homphieutha tsa quantum ke qubit, e tšoanang le bit ho elektronike ea setso ea digital. Ho fapana le likotoana tsa khale, qubit e ka ba teng maemong a eona a mabeli a "motheo", ho bolelang hore e maemong ka bobeli ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ha ho lekanngoa qubit, sephetho ke tlhahiso ea monyetla oa hore e be bit ea khale. Haeba k'homphieutha ea quantum e laola qubit ka tsela e itseng, phello ea pherekano ea maqhubu e ka matlafatsa liphetho tsa litekanyo tse lakatsehang. Ho qaptjoa ha li-algorithm tsa quantum ho akarelletsa ho etsa mekhoa e lumellang k'homphieutha ea quantum ho etsa lipalo ka katleho.  Ho etsa li-qubit tsa boleng bo phahameng ho ipakile ho le thata. Haeba qubit ea sebele e sa arohanngoa ka ho lekaneng le tikoloho ea eona, e ba le bothata ba ho se lumellane ha quantum, e leng ho hlahisang lerata lipalo-palo. Mebuso ea linaha e sebelisitse chelete e ngata haholo lipatlisisong tsa liteko tse reretsoeng ho hlahisa li-qubit tse ka fetoloang tse nang le nako e telele ea ho lumellana le liphoso tse fokolang. Litheknoloji tse peli tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa ke li - superconductor (tse arolang motlakase ka ho felisa ho hanyetsa motlakase) le li - ion trap (tse thibelang karoloana e le 'ngoe ea athomo ka ho sebelisa matla a motlakase).  Bothata leha e le bofe ba lik'homphieutha bo ka rarolloang ke k'homphieutha ea khale bo ka boela ba rarolloa ke k'homphieutha ea quantum. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bothata leha e le bofe bo ka rarolloang ke k'homphieutha ea quantum bo ka boela ba rarolloa ke k'homphieutha ea khale, bonyane ha ho fanoa ka nako e lekaneng. Ka mantsoe a mang, lik'homphieutha tsa quantum li latela khopolo ea Church-Turing. Sena se bolela hore le hoja lik'homphieutha tsa quantum li sa fane ka melemo e meng ho feta lik'homphieutha tsa khale mabapi le ho khoneha ha lik'homphieutha, li-algorithm tsa quantum bakeng sa mathata a itseng li na le mathata a tlase haholo a nako ho feta li-algorithm tsa khale tse tsebahalang. Ka ho khetheha, ho lumeloa hore lik'homphieutha tsa quantum li khona ho rarolla mathata a itseng ka potlako ao ho seng k'homphieutha ea khale e ka a rarollang ka nako leha e le efe e ka khonehang - e leng tšebetso e tsejoang e le "bokhabane ba quantum". Thuto ea ho rarahana ha mathata a amanang le lik'homphieutha tsa quantum e tsejoa e le khopolo ea ho rarahana ha quantum.