Əlkəttab ən haratan wi azarnen ən salan ən salan atiwəjanen dǎɣ azaman
Context:Daɣ Plenipotentiary Telegraph Conference d International Radiotelegraph Conference daɣ awatay wan 1932 daɣ Madrid, taggayen tin sanatat ijjan addabara i ijjuch n International Telecommunication Union (ITU) " Ijja almaɣna n telecommunication chund " telegraphic meɣ telefonic communication n ismawan, ismawan, ikitban, facsimiles d ismawan n ich-ikil fuk, s waya, wireless meɣ sistem tan iyyad meɣ tikarsiwen n electric signaling meɣ visual signaling (semaphores) "  Almaɣna net ikfa almaɣna iyyan darat awa s artikl wan 1.3 n Radio Regulations (RR), telecommunication, s almaɣna net eqqal " asissiki, asissiki meɣ ag-az n ismawan, ismawan, ikitban, idalojan d ismawan meɣ isalan n ta-ite fuk s waya, radio, optical meɣ sistem tan iyyad n electromagnetic"  Beacons d imarhan  Almital n iyyan daɣ semaphore tower tan win Chappe Əššəɣəlan ən təfləst aqalan atwətkalən daɣ attarex as mədəniyatən azlaynen. Pigeon post ila tijittawen n Persian tolas darat awa exdam Roma tan s armadan nasan Frontinus allaɣat as Julius Caesar exdam s imarwan chund imassukal daɣ akinnas net n Gaul Grectan intaned deɣ ismawan n win ojjarnen daɣ Olympic Games s tiɣarmaten ajjotnen s emel n imarwan Dǎɣ santo ən 19e temede nawatay, ədinat néerlandais aqalan amitkalan dǎɣ əmik dǎɣ Java əd Sumatra. Daɣ awatay wan 1849, Paul Julius Reuter issinta alxidmat n tasanfut i asissiki n alqim tan n stock jir Aachen d Brussels, alxidmat tajjach har awatay har anmirtay n telegraph eɣlas  Daɣ iwityan win aru, chains tan n beacon tan exdam nat harkuk fal tišijrit n iɣalayan chund immik n asissiki n ismawan " Beacon chains illanat s derhan n as war addoben asissiki n isalan ɣas, s almaɣna n mesaj chund ""amadal iknan akayad"" ilzam ad at-w-axdam s data" Almital iyyan n axadam nasan eqqal daɣ azzaman wan Armada wan Spania alwaq wa id beacon chain isassaɣra almaɣna ɣur Plymouth har Londre  Daɣ awatay wan 1792, Claude Chappe, inhenyer n France, iday sistem wan telegraphie wan akayad wa ezzaran (meɣ semaphore line) jir Lille d Paris Hak id ijja awen, semaphore ilzam ti ad ila inaxdiman wi ilanen musnat d tower tan assohat nen daɣ azzamanan n 10 har 30 n kilometir (six har 19 n kilometir) Daɣ alwazab n tamadacht id telegraph wan elektrik, iyaka wan darat daɣ abara wan mamala atwakkas daɣ awatay wan 1880  Telegraph d telefon Daɣ ayor wan 25 n ayor wan karad daɣ awatay wan 1837, telegraph wan alasal wa ezzaran ijja majrad n awadim wa eɣnan Britania Sir William Fothergill Cooke d scientist wan Britania Sir Charles Wheatstone "Issəntayan fuk assuhu ənes sund ""assuhu ən telegraphe électromagnétique" wǎr eqel harat aynayan".  Samuel Morse ikna efes n telegraph n elektrik s kala war n ila akayad daɣ achal wan 2 n ayor wan septembre daɣ awatay wan 1837 Əmik ənes eqal təwaƭ maqarat fal əmik wan əmik wan Wheatstone. Telegraph cable wa ezzaran transatlantic imda daɣ tamattant daɣ ayor wan awzem wan 27 n ayor wan karad daɣ awatay wan 1866 eha s data wa ezzaran asissiki n isalan win telefon transatlantic  Telephone wan alasal ijja patent net Alexander Bell daɣ awatay wan 1876 Elisha Gray inta deɣ ikfa isalan fal awen daɣ awatay wan 1876 Gray ifnaz tanmirda net tolas fal as war eqqel amšǝkki fal tizarat tan Bell, exame wa ijja fal patent tan Bell daɣ achal wan 3 n ayor wan karad daɣ awatay wan 1876 Gray ikf-ay tənna ənes fal telefon ən aśahat amutayan, mašan Bell eqal wadazaran wa iktaban aniyat əd atiwaraman dǎɣ telefon. "Antonio Meucci eɣna asuj wa s addoben asissiki n taɣelit s elektrik fal iyaka a hin okayan 30 n awatay data awa daɣ awatay wan 1849, mucham asuj net war ila alqim andarran fal as ijja fal electrophonic effect eha ach-ak as addinat ad ijjichan emarraw daɣ emel nasan i ad "aslan" Alxidmaten tin telefon tin mamala azzarnen ijjan ti Bell Telephone Company daɣ awatay wan 1878 d 1879 fal ichrutan fuk n Atlantic daɣ tiɣarmaten tin New Haven d London  Radio d televizion Daɣ awatay wan 1894, Guglielmo Marconi wan Italy issinta efes n majrad s wireless s iji n radio waves id izjaran daɣ azzaman wen tolas issikna daɣ awatay wan 1901 as addoben a tan ijji fal ejarew wan Atlantic Awen eqqal asinti n telegraph n wireless s radio Daɣ ayor wan 17 n achal wan awatay wan 1902, isalan win Marconi daɣ Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, aqqalan mesaj n radio wa ezzaran daɣ alɣalim i asabakk n Atlantic daɣ Amrik tan tamasna Daɣ awatay wan 1904, tartit n alxidmat tan mamala tijja i asissiki n isalan win tahojjet n alham i imassukal n bato tan, wi ahanen daɣ alɣiskir tan nasan win akal  Akinnas n alɣalim wa ezzaran issewad efes n radio i majrad wan militer Darat akənas, assənəhəj ən raadio AM ən mašanšan issinta gor 1920 izar eqal assənəhəj maqarat ən assənəhəj ad isalan. Akinnas n alɣalim wan issin eɣna id efes n radio i ittusan n azzaman wan akinnas n adu d isalan win isalan fal akal, radionavigation d radar Tiw-at n stereo FM n radio issinta daɣ awatay wan 1930 daɣ Amrik d awatay wan 1970 daɣ United Kingdom, isammutiyan AM chund ichiritan n mamala  Daɣ ayor wan 25 mars 1925, John Logie Baird assəkna assəməsədu ən silmatan anilkamnen daɣ ehan wan kal magradan Selfridges wan Londre. Əmikan wan Baird eqal aygan fal disque wan Nipkow əd eqalan atiwazayan fal əsim wan télévision mécanique. Eqqal tijittawt n isalan win amiyiz ijja British Broadcasting Corporation issintan daɣ achal wan 30 n ayor wan septembre n awatay wan 1929 Hak id ijja awen, daɣ ijjit n awatay wan 2000, telebizion tan ijjan fal cathode ray tube wa eɣna Karl Braun Tazujicht ta tazzarat n talavizyon šund ten i ad issikna alxalak ijja Philo Farnsworth tolas issikna i egadach net daɣ ayor wan 7 n ayor wan septembre 1927. Darat akinnas wan issin ən adunya, iruman atiwazaynen aqalan ayktaban əd télévision taqal ayknan təmɣare ən salan ən tadhil ən ehan.  Thermionic valve tan Iššikil n asuj wa s itawan thermionic tube meɣ thermionic valve exdam s thermionic emission n electron tan daɣ cathode eɣnan i iddikud n alxidmaten n electron tan chund signal amplification d current rectification  Asuj wan vacuum wa raqqisan, diode ijja John Ambrose Fleming daɣ awatay wan 1904, ila cathode tahat electron tan d anode Electron tan addoben a hin daɣ edag iyyan ɣas s device <unk> ɣur cathode har anode Asidu n iyyan meɣ grids tan ajjotnen n awikkal daɣ tube addobat asidu n amarad jir cathode d anode s voltage n grid meɣ grids Haratan win aqalan harat maqaran ən əmik ən éleətronique dǎɣ tazune tazarat ən 20e temede nawatay əd aqalan ayfan dǎɣ təwaƭ tan radio, ən télévision, ən radar, ən ukisawan əd asimusuɣil ən əšiɣil, ən rezo ən telefonan wi ogarnen anilkam, əd ordinateurtan analogique əd wi dazarnen ən numérique. Ahuskat as ijitan iyad dakalan təmusnawen azarnen sund emasaɗag ən təbiɗawt fal radio meɣ ordinateurtan ən mašanšan fal informatik, eqal təmuqunt tan tubat ən thermionique ən ɗauteur wa igan təmusnawen tən atiwazayan əd atiwaɣran, awa igan təwaƭ tan éleətronique.  Daɣ awatay wan 1940, efes n isuj n semiconductor eway id iji n isuj n solid-state, wi madroynen, raqqosnen tolas olaɣnen, wi ijjanen fal tiditt d wi iddarnen fal thermionic tubes Daɣ tazune n awatay wan 1960, thermionic tubes ijja transistor Thermionic tubes har ajjudi ilanat alxidmaten iyyad i amplifier tan n iddikud chajren  Rezo tan win ordinater d Internet Daɣ 11 Septembre 1940, George Stibitz asissikiyan asistan ye Calculateur ən maɗinan aśohatnen dǎɣ New York dǎɣ adakal ən teletype əd igraw liɣitan atiwasanan dǎɣ Dartmouth College dǎɣ New Hampshire. Amək ən ordinateur amsədu (mainframe) dər terminals anilkamnen aqalan atiwazayan hulen dǎɣ elan wi 1970. Dǎɣ wityan wi 1960, ənumaɣan asintan umaɣ fal asimiki ən əmik, təmusne ta taganen əmik dǎɣ təbiɗawen ən salan har samando ənes dǎɣ əmik winan eqel ayknan dǎɣ amas ən ordinateur. Rezo n akkoz node izjar id daɣ achal wan 5 n achal wan awatay wan 1969, eqqal asinti n ARPANET, s ɣur awatay wan 1981 izjaran id 213 n node tan ARPANET ewad darat awa rezo tan iyyad i ad eqqil Internet Agudendǎɣ as təwaƭ tan Internet taqal ayertayan fal tartit tan Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) wa izwayan dǎɣ əmik ən əmik ən əmik ən salan, iyad təwaɗen ən rezo aqalnat aygan dǎɣ laboratoiretan ən usinetan, atamosan təwaƭ tan rezo wan nakal (LAN) ən Ethernet (1983) əd Token Ring (1984).  Tiw-at n tadabit n asissiki Aśahat atiwasanan fal asisigdah ən salan dǎɣ aduniyat dak fal rezo ən télécommunication ən sanatat təniɣrufen eqal aywadan 281 pétabayt (pB) ən salan amosan amiskalan dǎɣ əmik wa ogaran aśuhu dǎɣ 1986 as 471 pB dǎɣ 1993, as 2,2 exabytes (eB) dǎɣ 2000 as 65 eB dǎɣ 2007. Awen ogdah id isalan n issin ihandagan n alɣiskir s awadim iyyan daɣ achal iyyan daɣ awatay wan 1986 d issin ihandagan n alɣiskir s awadim iyyan daɣ achal iyyan daɣ awatay wan 2007 Daɣ tiw-at ten, telecommunications t-aqqal hullan edag assohen daɣ aqtisad wan alɣalim tolas telecom industry n alɣalim eqqal a ilan 4.7 n trilion n dollar daɣ awatay wan 2012 Alqim n alxidmat n telecommunications industry daɣ alɣalim eqqal 1.5 trillion n dollar daɣ awatay wan 2010 ogdah id 2.4% n GDP n alɣalim
Beacons, telegraph, telefon, radio, televizyon, thermionic valves, rezo tan win ordinater tan d Internet