Ngokusekelwe endimeni elandelayo, nikeza izizathu ezintathu zokuthi kungani iSithasiselo Seshumi Nesithupha samukelwa futhi saqinisekiswa.
Context:Ukuchibiyelwa koMthethosisekelo kwentela engenayo kwasikiselwa okokuqala uSenator Norris Brown waseNebraska. Wethula iziphakamiso ezimbili, iSenate Resolutions Nos. 25 no-39. Isiphakamiso sokuguqulwa ekugcineni esamukelwa kwakuyiSinqumo Esihlangene SeSenate No. 40, esethulwe uSenator uNelson W. Aldrich waseRhode Island, umholi weziningi eSenate kanye noSihlalo weKomidi Lezezimali. Lesi sichibiyelo saphakanyiswa njengengxenye yengxoxo yeCongress ngo-1909 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act; ngokuhlongoza lesi sichibiyelo, u-Aldrich wayethemba ukuthi uzokhipha okwesikhashana izingcingo eziqhubekayo zokubeka izintela ezintsha emthethweni wentela. U-Aldrich kanye nabanye abaholi bezishoshovu e-Congress babephikisana kakhulu nokugunyazwa kwalesi sichibiyelo, kodwa babekholelwa ukuthi kunethuba elincane lokugunyazwa, njengoba ukugunyazwa kwakudinga ukuvunywa yizingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezindlu zomthetho zombuso.  NgoJuly 12, 1909, isinqumo esihlongoza iSilungiso Seshumi Nesithupha samukelwa yiCongress futhi sathunyelwa ezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Ukusekelwa kwentela engenayo kwakunamandla kakhulu ezifundazweni ezisentshonalanga nezaseningizimu, kuyilapho ukuphikiswa kwakunamandla kakhulu ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga. Abasekeli bentela yemali engenayo babekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyoba indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqoqa imali kunezintengo, ezaziyimithombo eyinhloko yemali engenayo ngaleso sikhathi. Kusukela ngaphambi kuka-1894, amaDemocrats, amaProgressives, amaPopulists namanye amaqembu asohlangothini lwesobunxele athi izintela zazibathinta kakhulu abampofu, zaziphazamisa amanani, zazingalindelekile, futhi zaziwumthombo wemali engenayo onqunyelwe. INingizimu neNtshonalanga yayithambekele ekusekeleni intela engenayo ngoba izakhamuzi zayo ngokuvamile zazingacebile kangako, zazikhiqiza kakhulu futhi zazizwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwamanani ezimpahla. Ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezindleko zokuphila phakathi kuka-1897 no-1913 kwandisa kakhulu ukusekelwa komqondo wentela engenayo, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni zaseNyakatho-mpumalanga. Inani elikhulayo lamaRiphabhulikhi laqala nokusekela lo mbono, ikakhulukazi uTheodore Roosevelt kanye namaRiphabhulikhi "abavukelayo" (abazoqhubeka nokwakha i-Progressive Party). La maRepublican ayeqhutshwa ikakhulu ukwesaba amabutho ezempi ayelokhu eba makhulu futhi eba yinkimbinkimbi eJapane, eBrithani nasemibusweni yaseYurophu, izifiso zawo zobukhosi, kanye nesidingo esibonakalayo sokuvikela imikhumbi yezohwebo yaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maRepublican athuthukile ayeqiniseka ukuthi ohulumeni abaphakathi bangadlala indima enhle emnothweni kazwelonke. Babenombono wokuthi uhulumeni omkhulu nebutho elikhulu lempi kwakudinga umthombo wemali engenayo enkulu futhi engaguquguquki ukuze livikeleke.  Ukuphikiswa kweSithasiselo Seshumi Nesithupha kwaholwa amaRiphabhulikhi ngenxa yobudlelwano bawo obusondelene nosomabhizinisi abacebile, yize bengazange baphikise ngokufanayo umqondo jikelele wentela engenayo unomphela. Ngo - 1910, umbusi waseNew York uCharles Evans Hughes, ngaphambi nje kokuba abe iJaji leNkantolo Ephakeme, wakhuluma ngokumelene nesilungiso sentela engenayo. UHughes wasekela umqondo wentela yemali engenayo yombuso, kodwa wayekholelwa ukuthi amagama athi "kunoma yimuphi umthombo ovela" esilungisweni esihlongozwayo asho ukuthi uhulumeni wesifundazwe uzoba namandla okukhokhisa intela yezibopho zombuso nezomasipala. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakuyokwenza ukuba amandla kahulumeni agxile ngokweqile futhi "kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuba umbuso ugcine noma iyiphi impahla".  Phakathi kuka-1909 no-1913, izimo eziningana zenza kwaba lula ukuba uMthetho Weshumi Nesithupha Wokuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo wamukelwe. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kwakuphakeme futhi abaningi babeka izintela zikahulumeni icala ngokwenyuka kwamanani. Iqembu lamaRepublican lahlukaniswa futhi labuthakathaka ngokulahlekelwa nguRoosevelt kanye nabavukeli abajoyina i-Progressive Party, inkinga eyaqeda ukuphikiswa ngisho naseNyakatho-mpumalanga. Ngo-1912, amaDemocrats anqoba ubumongameli futhi alawula izindlu zombili zeCongress. Ngokuvamile izwe lalisesimweni sengqondo sokunamathela ngakwesobunxele, ilungu leSocialist Party lathola isihlalo eNdlu Yezigele yase - U.S. ngo - 1910 futhi ummeleli weqembu lobumengameli wathola amaphesenti ayisithupha amavoti athandwayo ngo - 1912.  Abameli abathathu bentela yemali engenayo yenhlangano baqhudelana okhethweni lukamongameli ngo - 1912. Ngo-February 25, 1913, uNobhala Wezwe uPhilander Knox wamemezela ukuthi lesichibiyelo sasamukelwe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezifundazwe ngakho sase siyingxenye yoMthethosisekelo. Umthetho we-Revenue Act ka-1913, owanciphisa kakhulu izintela futhi wasebenzisa intela yemali engenayo yenhlangano, wamiswa ngemuva nje kokugunyazwa kweSichibiyelo Seshumi Nesithupha.
Izizathu zokuchibiyelwa kweSithupha kuMthethosisekelo wase-US zadluliselwa yiCongress ngo-1909 futhi zagunyazwa yizifundazwe ngo-1913 zifaka: 1. Izinkomo AmaDemocrat namaProgressives ayekholelwa ukuthi intela yemali engenayo iyindlela enobulungisa kakhulu yokuthola imali kunezintela (intela yokungenisa nokuthekelisa izimpahla). 2. Izingelosi Izifundazwe ezisentshonalanga nezaseningizimu zazikhathazekile ngamanani ezimpahla, ezazithinteka ngamanani entengo, ngakho-ke zazikhetha enye indlela yokuthola imali. 3. Izindaba Ezinhle AbaseRepublican babehlukene phakathi ngokuthi kufanele bamelane noma basekele lesichibiyelo.