Waa maxay Farsamayntu?
Context:Farsamaynta iftiinka waa hab ay dhirtu iyo noolaha kale u isticmaalaan inay tamarta iftiinka u beddelaan tamar kiimiko ah oo, neefsashada unugyada, ka dib la sii deyn karo si loo kiciyo dhaqdhaqaaqa noolaha. Qeyb ka mid ah tamarta kiimikada ah waxaa lagu kaydiyaa molecules carbohydrate, sida sonkorta iyo macmacaanka, kuwaas oo laga soo saaro kaarboon dioxide iyo biyo <unk> sidaas awgeed magaca photosynthesis, oo ka soo jeeda Giriigga phōs (φῶς), "iftiin", iyo synthesis (σύνθεσις), "isugu keen". Dhirta badankeeda, algae, iyo cyanobacteria waxay sameeyaan fotosynthesis; noolaha noocaas ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa Photoautotroph. Waxyaabaha loo yaqaano photosynthesis ayaa inta badan mas'uul ka ah soo saarista iyo ilaalinta oksijiinta hawada ee dhulka, waxayna bixisaa inta badan tamarta lagama maarmaanka u ah nolosha dhulka.
Farsamaynta iftiinka waxaa sameeya noocyo kala duwan laakiin geedi socodku marwalba wuxuu bilaabmaa marka tamarta iftiinka ay nuugaan borotiinka loo yaqaan xarumaha falcelinta oo ay ku jiraan chlorophyll cagaaran (iyo midab kale) midabada / chromophores. Dhirta, borotiinkani waxay ku jiraan unugyada loo yaqaano chloroplasts, kuwaas oo ku badan unugyada caleemaha, halka bakteeriyada ay ku jiraan xuubka plasma. Isbeddelladan iftiinka ku tiirsan, xoogaa tamar ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in elektaroonnada laga saaro walxaha ku habboon, sida biyaha, oo soo saara gaaska oksijiinta. Hydrogen-ka ka soo baxa kala-goynta biyaha waxaa loo adeegsadaa abuurista laba xarumood oo kale oo u adeega sida kaydinta tamarta muddada-gaaban, taasoo u oggolaaneysa wareejinta si ay u wado fal-celinno kale: xarumahaan waa la yareeyay nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) iyo adenosine triphosphate (ATP), "lacagta tamarta" ee unugyada.  Dhirta, algae iyo cyanobacteria, sonkorta waxaa lagu soo saaraa isku xigxiga isbeddellada iftiinka ka madax bannaan ee loo yaqaan wareegga Calvin. Wareegga Calvin, kaarboon dioxide-ka hawada ayaa lagu daraa isku-dhafka kaarboon ee horey u jiray, sida ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Isticmaalka ATP iyo NADPH ee ay soo saaraan falcelinta iftiinka ku tiirsan, isku-dhafka soo baxa ayaa markaa la yareeyaa oo laga saaraa si loo sameeyo carbohydrates dheeraad ah, sida gulukooska. Bakteeriyadaha kale, habab kala duwan sida wareegga Krebs ee ka soo horjeeda ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo gaaro isla dhammaadka.