Chii Chinonzi Photosynthesis?
Context:Photosynthesis muitiro unoshandiswa nemiti nezvimwe zvipenyu kushandura simba rechiedza kuva simba remakemikari iro, kupfurikidza nokufema kwemasero, rinogona kuzobudiswa gare gare kuti ritsigire mabasa ezvipenyu. Mamwe esimba iri remakemikoro anochengetwa mumamorekuru ecarbohydrate, akadai seshuga nesitashi, ayo anogadzirwa kubva mucarbon dioxide nemvura <unk> nokudaro zita rokuti photosynthesis, rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki rokuti phōs (φῶς), "chiedza", uye synthesis (σύνθεσις), "kubatanidza". Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa, algae, uye cyanobacteria zvinoita photosynthesis; zvipenyu zvakadaro zvinonzi Photoautotroph. Photosynthesis inonyanya kukonzera kugadzirwa nokuchengetwa kwe okisijeni mumhepo yepasi, uye inopa yakawanda yesimba rinodiwa kuupenyu pasi pano.
Photosynthesis inoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana nemarudzi akasiyana asi muitiro wacho nguva dzose unovamba apo simba rinobva muchiedza rinotorwa nemapuroteni anonzi nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzinenge dzine chlorophyll yakasvibirira (uye mamwe mavara) mavara/ma chromophores. Muzvirimwa, mapuroteni aya anochengetwa mukati mezvinyorwa zvinonzi chloroplasts, izvo zvakawanda kwazvo mumasero emashizha, nepo mumabhakitiriya akabatanidzwa mumadziro eplasma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya anoenderana nechiedza, simba rinoshandiswa kubvisa maerekitironi muzvinhu zvakakodzera, zvakadai semvura, zvichiita kuti pave negasi reokisijeni. Hydrogen inosunungurwa nokuparadzaniswa kwemvura inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwemamwe makemikari maviri anoshanda sechitoro chenguva pfupi chesimba, zvichibvumira kutamisirwa kwaro kutungamirira mamwe maitiro: aya makemikari anoderedzwa nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) uye adenosine triphosphate (ATP), "mari yesimba" yemasero.  Muzvirimwa, algae uye cyanobacteria, shuga dzinogadzirwa nehurongwa hunotevera hwekuchinja-chinja kwechiedza hunonzi Calvin cycle. Mumutambo waCalvin, carbon dioxide yomumhepo inopinda muzvinhu zvinenge zviripo zvemakemikari, zvakadai se ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Uchishandisa ATP neNADPH zvinogadzirwa nemhinduro dzinoenderana nechiedza, zvinoguma zvaitwa zvinobva zvaderedzwa uye kubviswa kuti zvive nemamwe makabhohaidhiretsi, akadai seglucose. Mune mamwe mabhakitiriya, nzira dzakasiyana dzakadai sokudzokera shure kweKrebs cycle dzinoshandiswa kuita chinangwa chimwe chete.