Chii chinonzi central limit theorem
Context:Mufungidziro yezvinobvira, central limit theorem (CLT) inozivisa kuti, mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, nokuda kwemienzaniso yakazvimiririra yakaparadzirwa zvakafanana, chiyero chemuenzaniso chakaenzana chinotarisana nekugoverwa kwakanaka kwakanaka kunyange kana zviyero zvekutanga pachavo zvisingawanzogoverwa.  Theorem ipfungwa inokosha mu probability theory nokuti inoreva kuti nzira dzekufungidzira uye dzokuverenga dzinoshanda pakugoverwa kwakanaka dzinogona kushandiswa kumatambudziko akawanda anosanganisira mamwe marudzi ekugoverwa.  Iyi theorem yakaona kuchinja kwakawanda mukati mekusimudzirwa kwakarongwa kwedzidziso yezvingaitika. Shanduro dzapakuvamba dze theorem dzakadzokera shure kusvikira kuna 1811, asi muchimiro chayo chemazuva ano chakazara, uyu mugumisiro unokosha mufungidziro yezvinobvira wakataurwa nenzira yakarurama sezvakapera muna 1920, nokudaro uchibatira sebhiriji pakati pefungidziro yezvinobvira yekare neyemazuva ano.
Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti muenzaniso unowanwa une zviono zvakawanda, chiono chimwe nechimwe chichiitwa nenzira isingabvumirwi nenzira isingabvi pamitengo yezvimwe zviono, uye kuti nhamba yepakati yezviono zvinocherechedzwa inotarirwa. Kana muitiro uyu ukaitwa kakawanda, central limit theorem inotaura kuti kugoverwa kwokufungidzira kweavhareji kuchasvika pedyo nokugoverwa kwomuzvarirwo.  Central limit theorem ine misiyano yakati wandei. Muchimiro chayo chakajairika, zvinoshanduka zvisina kujairika zvinofanira kuva zvakazvimiririra uye zvakagoverwa zvakafanana (i.i.d.). Muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, kuwirirana kwezvinoreva kugoverwa kwakanaka kunoitikawo nokuda kwekugoverwa kusina kufanana kana kuti kuongororwa kusina kuzvimiririra, kana vachiita maererano nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.  Shanduro yokutanga yeiyi theorem, yokuti kugoverwa kwakajairika kunogona kushandiswa seyakapoteredza kugoverwa kwebinomial, ndiyo de Moivre <unk> Laplace theorem.