Ubani uThomas Jefferson?
Context:UThomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743[a] <unk> July 4, 1826) wayengumuntu waseMelika wezombusazwe, umdiplomati, ummeli, umakhi, isazi sefilosofi, noBaba owasungula owakhonza njengomongameli wesithathu wase-United States kusukela ngo-1801 kuya ku-1809. Phakathi kweKomidi Labantu Abahlanu elathweswa icala yi-Second Continental Congress ngokubhala i-Declaration of Independence, uJefferson wayengumbhali oyinhloko walesi Simemezelo. Ngemuva kweMpi Yenkululeko YaseMelika nangaphambi kokuba abe ngumongameli wesithathu wezwe ngo-1801, uJefferson wayengunobhala wokuqala wezwe lase-United States ngaphansi kukaGeorge Washington wabe eseba yiphini likamongameli wesibili wesizwe ngaphansi kukaJohn Adams.
UThomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743[a] <unk> July 4, 1826) wayengumuntu waseMelika wezombusazwe, umdiplomati, ummeli, umakhi, isazi sefilosofi, noBaba owasungula owakhonza njengomongameli wesithathu wase-United States kusukela ngo-1801 kuya ku-1809. Phakathi kweKomidi Labantu Abahlanu elathweswa icala yi-Second Continental Congress ngokubhala i-Declaration of Independence, uJefferson wayengumbhali oyinhloko walesi Simemezelo. Ngemuva kweMpi Yenkululeko YaseMelika nangaphambi kokuba abe ngumongameli wesithathu wezwe ngo-1801, uJefferson wayengunobhala wokuqala wezwe lase-United States ngaphansi kukaGeorge Washington wabe eseba yiphini likamongameli wesibili wesizwe ngaphansi kukaJohn Adams.  Phakathi koFata Abasunguli besizwe, uJefferson ubhekwa njengongenakuqhathaniswa ekujuleni kwakhe kokuqonda nasebukhulwini. Imibhalo yakhe evuthayo nokumela kwakhe amalungelo abantu, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokucabanga, yokukhuluma, neyenkolo, kwaba ugqozi oluyinhloko ngemuva kwe-American Revolution, okwagcina kuholele eMpini Yenkululeko YaseMelika, ukuzimela kweMelika, noMthethosisekelo wase-United States. Imibono kaJefferson yaba nethonya elikhulu emhlabeni wonke ekwakheni nasekuphefumuleleni i-Age of Enlightenment, eyaba yinguquko ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 nele-18. Wayengumsekeli oholayo wentando yeningi, ubu-republicanism, namalungelo omuntu ngamunye, futhi wakhiqiza imibhalo ehlelekile nezinqumo emazingeni ombuso, kazwelonke nawamazwe omhlaba.  Phakathi neNguquko YaseMelika, uJefferson wamelela iVirginia e-Second Continental Congress ePhiladelphia, eyamukela iSimemezelo Sokuzibusa ngoJulayi 4, 1776. Njengesishayamthetho saseVirginia, wabhala umthetho wombuso wenkululeko engokwenkolo. Wakhonza njengombusi wesibili waseVirginia kusukela ngo-1779 kuya ku-1781, ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkululeko. Ngo-1785, uJefferson wamiswa njengoNgqongqoshe wase-United States eFrance, futhi kamuva, unobhala wokuqala wezwe ngaphansi kukaMongameli uGeorge Washington kusukela ngo-1790 kuya ku-1793. UJefferson noJames Madison bahlela iDemocratic-Republican Party ukuba iphikisane neFederalist Party ngesikhathi kwakhiwa uhlelo lokuqala lwamaqembu. Ngo-1798 no-1799, yena noMadison babhala ngokungaziwa izixazululo zaseKentucky naseVirginia, ezazifuna ukuqinisa amalungelo ezifundazwe ngokuqeda umthetho we-Federal Alien and Sedition Act.  UJefferson noFederalist uJohn Adams baba abangane kanye nezimbangi zezombangazwe, bakhonza e-Continental Congress futhi babhala i-Declaration of Independence ndawonye. Ngo-1796 okhethweni lukamongameli phakathi kwalaba ababili, uJefferson waba ngowesibili, okwathi ngokwenqubo yokhetho ngaleso sikhathi, wamenza waba yiphini likamongameli ku-Adams. UJefferson waphinde wacela inselele ku-Adams ngo-1800 futhi wanqoba ubumongameli. Ngemva kwesikhathi sakhe ehhovisi, uJefferson wagcina esebuyisene no-Adams futhi babelana ngencwadi eyathatha iminyaka engu-14. Yena no-Adams bobabili bafa ngosuku olufanayo, ngoJulayi 4, 1826, okwakubuye kube yisikhumbuzo seminyaka engu-50 soMqulu Wokuzibusa.  NjengoMongameli, uJefferson walwela izithakazelo zesizwe zokuthutha nokuthengisa ngokumelene nama-pirate aseBarbary kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba zaseBrithani ezinonya. Kusukela ngo-1803, wakhuthaza inqubomgomo yokwanda kwezwe laseNtshonalanga ngokuthengwa kweLouisiana, okwaphinda kabili indawo yesizwe eyayithi ingeyakhe. Ukuze enze indawo yokuhlala, uJefferson waqala inqubo yokususa isizwe samaNdiya endaweni eyayisanda kutholwa. Ngenxa yezingxoxo zokuthula neFrance, uhulumeni wakhe wanciphisa amabutho ezempi. Waphinde wakhethwa ngo-1804, kodwa isikhathi sakhe sesibili sasigcwele ubunzima ekhaya, kuhlanganise nokuqulwa kwecala likamongameli owayengumongameli u-Aaron Burr. Ngo-1807, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe angaphandle kwaseMelika kwancipha lapho uJefferson esebenzisa umthetho we-Embargo Act ekuphenduleni izinsongo zaseBrithani zokuthumela e-U.S. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uJefferson wasayina uMthetho Owenqabela Ukungeniswa Kwezigqila.  UJefferson wayengumnikazi wamasimu, ummeli, nosopolitiki, futhi wayeziqonda kahle izifundo eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuhlola, izibalo, ukulima, nemishini. Wayebuye abe ngumakhi wezakhiwo ngokwesiko likaPalladian. Isithakazelo esijulile sikaJefferson enkolweni nasefilosofi samholela ekumisweni kwakhe njengomongameli we-American Philosophical Society. Ngokuyinhloko wayegwema inkolo ehleliwe kodwa wathonywa ubuKristu, ubu-Epicurean, nobuNkulunkulu. UJefferson wenqaba ubuKristu obuyisisekelo, ephika ubuNkulunkulu bukaKristu. Njengoba ayengusosayensi wezilimi, uJefferson wayekhuluma izilimi eziningana. Wayengumbhali wezincwadi okhiqiza kakhulu futhi wayebhalelana nabantu abaningi abavelele, kuhlanganise no - Edward Carrington, uJohn Taylor waseCaroline, noJames Madison. Ngo-1785, uJefferson wabhala incwadi ethi Notes on the State of Virginia, mhlawumbe ebhekwa njengencwadi ebaluleke kunazo zonke yaseMelika eyanyatheliswa ngaphambi kuka-1800. UJefferson wamelela izimiso, izindinganiso nezimfundiso zeNkathi YokuKhanyiselwa.  Kusukela ngawo-1790, kwakunamahemuhemu okuthi uJefferson wayenezingane nomalokazana wakhe nesigqila uSally Hemings, okwaholela kulokho okwaziwa njengokuphikisana kukaJefferson-Hemings. Ukuhlolwa kwe - DNA ngo - 1998 kwaphetha ngokuthi omunye wabantwana baka - Sally Hemings, u - Eston Hemings, wayengowozalo lukaJefferson. Ngokusho kokuvumelana kwezazi, okususelwa ekuhlolweni kwemibhalo nezibalo, kanye nomlando odluliselwa ngomlomo, kungenzeka ukuthi uJefferson waba ubaba wezingane okungenani eziyisithupha noHeming, kuhlanganise nezine ezasinda zaba ngabantu abadala.  Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ehhovisi likahulumeni, uJefferson wasungula iNyuvesi yaseVirginia. Izazi-mlando kanye nezazi-mlando zikaMongameli ngokuvamile zidumisa impumelelo kaJefferson, kuhlanganise nokukhuthaza kwakhe inkululeko yenkolo nokubekezelelana eVirginia, ukutholwa kwakhe ngokuthula kwendawo yaseLouisiana evela eFrance ngaphandle kwempi noma impikiswano, kanye ne-Lewis and Clark Expedition yakhe ehlonishwayo futhi ephumelelayo. Ezinye izazi-mlando zesimanje ziyasigxeka isenzo sikaJefferson sokuba nesandla ebugqilini. UJefferson ubalwa njalo phakathi koMongameli abayishumi abahamba phambili emlandweni waseMelika.