Nditsanangurirei muchidimbu nhoroondo yekusikwa kweAches National Park
Context:Vanhu vakagara munharaunda yacho kubvira panguva yekupedzisira yechando makore 10 000 akapfuura. Vanhu veFremont nevaAncestral Puebloans vaigara munharaunda yacho kusvikira makore anenge 700 akapfuura. Mamishinari eSpanish akasangana nemadzinza echiUte neePaiute munharaunda yacho pavakatanga kusvika muna 1775, asi vokuEurope vokuAmerica vokutanga kuedza kugara munharaunda yacho vaiva Mormon Elk Mountain Mission muna 1855, avo vakakurumidza kusiya nzvimbo yacho. Varimi vemombe, varimi, uye vanotsvaka goridhe gare gare vakagara Moab muRwizi rweRwizi rweRwizi rwuri pedyo mukupera kwema1870. Mashoko pamusoro porunako rwematombo akapoteredza akapararira kupfuura musha wacho senzvimbo ingangodaro inoshandiswa nevashanyi.  Nzvimbo yeArches yakatanga kuunzwa kuNational Park Service naFrank A. Wadleigh, maneja wevatakuri veDenver neRio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, achiperekedzwa nomutori wemifananidzo wezvitima George L. Beam, akashanyira nzvimbo yacho muna September 1923 pakukokwa naAlexander Ringhoffer, mutsvakurudzi akaberekerwa muHungary aigara muSalt Valley. Ringhoffer akanga anyorera njanji kuti avafarire nezvezvinogona kuitwa nevashanyi munzvimbo yakanaka yaakanga awana gore rakanga rapfuura nevanakomana vake vaviri nomukwasha wake, yaakatumidza kuti Devils Garden (inozivikanwa nhasi seKlondike Bluffs). Wadleigh akaororwa nezvaakaratidzwa naRinghoffer, uye akakurudzira kumukuru wePark Service Stephen T. Mather kuti nzvimbo yacho iitwe chirangaridzo chenyika.  Gore rakatevera racho, rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa rwepfungwa yechiyeuchidzo rwakabva kuna Laurence Gould, mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza paYunivhesiti yeMichigan (uye muongorori wenguva yemberi wepolar) aidzidza nezvezvinhu zvepasi zvemakomo eLa Sal ari pedyo, uyo akaratidzwa nzvimbo yakaisvonaka nachiremba womunzvimbomo Dr. J. W. "Chiremba" Williams.  Vanzveri vehurumende vakatevedzana vakaongorora nharaunda yacho, muchidimbu nemhaka yokuvhiringidzika pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyoiyo. Mukuita kudaro, zita rokuti Devils Garden rakachinjirwa kunzvimbo iri kurutivi rwakatarisana rweSalt Valley iyo inosanganisira Landscape Arch, chivako chakareba kupfuura zvose mupaki yacho. Kuwana kwokutanga kwaRinghoffer kwakasiiwa, nepo imwe nharaunda iri pedyo, inozivikanwa munharaunda yacho seMawindo, yakabatanidzwa. Kugadzwa kwenzvimbo iyi sechiyeuchidzo chenyika kwakatsigirwa nePark Service muna 1926 asi kwakapikiswa neMutungamiri Calvin Coolidge's Secretary of Interior, Hubert Work. Pakupedzisira, muna April 1929, nokukurumidza pashure pokugadzwa kwake, Purezidhendi Herbert Hoover akasaina chiziviso chepurezidhendi chinogadzira Arches National Monument, inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zviduku, zvisingabatanidzwi. Chinangwa chokuchengetwa kwacho pasi peAntiquities Act ya1906 chaiva chokudzivirira matanda, zvigadziko, matombo akaenzana, uye mamwe matombo ejecha nokuda kwokushandiswa kwawo kwesayenzi nokudzidzisa. Zita rokuti Arches rakataurwa naFrank Pinkely, mutarisiri weSouthwestern National Monuments yePark Service, pashure pokushanyira chikamu cheWindows muna 1925.  Pakupera kwa1938, Mutungamiriri weNyika Franklin D. Roosevelt akasaina chiziviso chakawedzera Arches kuti adzivirire zvimwe zvinhu zvinoyevedza uye kubvumira kuvandudzwa kwezvivako zvokusimudzira kushanya. Kugadziridza kuduku kwakaitwa naPurezidhendi Dwight Eisenhower muna 1960 kuti agadzirise nzira itsva.  Mukutanga kwa1969, achangobva muhofisi, Mutungamiriri weNyika Lyndon B. Johnson akasaina chirevo chokuwedzera zvikuru Arches. Makore maviri gare gare, Mutungamiri Richard Nixon akasaina mutemo wakagadzwa neCongress, uyo wakaderedza zvikuru nzvimbo yose yakavharwa, asi wakachinja chimiro chayo. Arches National Park yakatsaurirwa nenzira yapamutemo muna May 1972.  Muna 1980, vapambi vakaedza kushandisa mushonga wokuchenesa mukicheni kuti vaparadze zvidhori zvekare zvaiva mupaki yacho, zvichiita kuti vakuru vakuru vepaki yacho vatsvage nyanzvi yefizikisi John F. Asmus, uyo aiva nyanzvi yokushandisa lasers kudzorera zvinhu zvemifananidzo, kuti ashandise unyanzvi hwake kugadzirisa zvidhori zvacho. Asmus "akarova pani yacho nemwaranzi yakajeka uye akabudirira kubvisa yakawanda yenzira yokuchenesa nayo". Muna 2016, pakave nechimwe chiitiko chekuparadza paFramer Arch mupaki, uko chikamu kana dombo rakavezwa. Nemhaka yekufambira mberi kwemichina, muna 2018 arch yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nemuvara wakaenzana uye nzira dzemazuva ano dzekuzadza.
Vanhu vokutanga vakaoneka munharaunda iyi mukati menguva yechando yekupedzisira makore 10 000 apfuura. Vagari vokutanga vakatanga muna 1775 asi vakasiyiwa pamberi pa 1855 apo varimi, varimi, uye vanotsvaka matombo anokosha vakagara muMoab ((guta riri pedyo zvikuru neArches). Ngwariro yokutanga kuaya maumbirwo amabwe akaisvonaka yakapararira muna 1923 naFrank A. Wadleigh. Devils Garden ((inozivikanwa seKlondike Bluffs nhasi) yakawana zita rayo kubva kune anotsvaga kubva kuSalt Valley Alexander Ringhoffer, Devils Garden yakatumirwa kunzvimbo iri kune rumwe rutivi rweSalt Valley. Landscape Arch ndiyo yakareba kupfuura dzose mupaki yacho uye yechishanu pakureba kupfuura dzose munyika! Muna 1929, Mutungamiri Herbert Hoover akasaina chiziviso chehutungamiri chinogadzira Arches National Monument kuchengetedza arches, spires, matombo akaenzana, uye mamwe matombo ejecha nokuda kwekukosha kwavo kwesayenzi uye dzidzo. Zita rokuti Arches rakataurwa naFrank Pinkely, muna 1925. Kubvira muna 1938 mapurezidhendi akawanda eUnited States of America akasaina zviziviso zvakawanda zvokuratidzira zvinhu zvinoyevedza uye mvumo dzokuvakwa kwemigwagwa kuitira kukwezva vashanyi munzvimbo yacho asi muna 1972 chete Arches National Park yakasikwa zviri pamutemo. Muna 1980, vapambi vakaedza kuparadza mifananidzo yekare yakavezwa mumapaki, iyo nyanzvi yefizikisi John F. Asmus akadzorera achishandisa tekinoroji yelaser yekudzorera. Muna 2016, chimwe chiitiko chekuparadza chakaitika paFramer Arch chikamu chematombo chakavezwa, asi nekuda kwetekinoroji, chakadzorerwa.