Iyini iGenetics?
I - Genetics iwukufunda ngezakhi zofuzo, ukuhlukahluka kofuzo, nokuzuzwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziphilayo. Liyigatsha elibalulekile lezinto eziphilayo ngoba ifa libalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. UGregor Mendel, umbhishobhi waseMoravia wase-Augustine owayesebenza ngekhulu le-19 eBrno, waba ngowokuqala ukutadisha izakhi zofuzo ngokwesayensi. UMendel wafunda "ngokudluliselwa kwezimfanelo", amaphethini endleleni izimfanelo ezidluliselwa ngayo zivela kubazali ziye enzalweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Waphawula ukuthi izidalwa eziphilayo (izitshalo zepea) zizuza njengefa izici ezithile "ngamayunithi okuzuza njengefa". Leli gama, elisasetshenziswa nanamuhla, liyindlela engacacile yokuchaza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-gene.  Ukuzuza njengefa izici nemikhuba yokudla njengefa kwamangqamuzana ezakhi zofuzo kuseyizimiso eziyinhloko zofuzo ekhulwini lama-21, kodwa izakhi zofuzo zanamuhla ziye zanda ukuze zifunde umsebenzi nokuziphatha kwezakhi zofuzo. Ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo nokusebenza kwazo, ukuhlukahluka nokusabalala kwazo kufundwa ngaphakathi kwesimo seseli, i-organism (isib. ukubusa), nangaphakathi kwesimo sabantu. I-genetics iye yaveza imikhakha eminingana, ehlanganisa i-molecular genetics, i-epigenetics kanye ne-population genetics. Izidalwa eziphilayo ezifundwa emkhakheni obanzi zihlanganisa imikhakha yokuphila (ama-archaea, amabhaktheriya nama-eukarya).  Izinqubo zofuzo zisebenza ngokuhlanganiswa nendawo ezungezile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuthonya ukuthuthukiswa nokuziphatha, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi imvelo uma iqhathaniswa nokukhuliswa. Indawo engena ngaphakathi noma engaphandle kwamangqamuzana engqamuzana eliphilayo noma isidalwa esiphilayo ingandisa noma inciphise ukubhalwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Isibonelo esivamile imbewu emibili yommbila efana ngokwemvelo, eyodwa ibekwe endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile kanti enye isendaweni eyomile (engenawo amanzi anele noma imvula). Nakuba ukuphakama okuphakathi kweziqu zombila ezimbili kungase kunqunywe ngofuzo ukuthi kuyafana, esifundazweni esinesimo sezulu esomile sikhula sibe yingxenye kuphela yesifundazwe esisesimweni sezulu esifudumele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi nezakhi zomzimba endaweni ezungezile.