Ngokusekelwe esigabeni esilandelayo esiphathelene ne- astrobiology, uyini uhlelo lweViking?
Context:Umkhakha wanamuhla we- astrobiology ungahle ulandelwe emuva ngawo-1950 nawo-1960 ngokufika kokuhlola umkhathi, lapho ososayensi baqala ukucabangela ngokungathi sína ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphila kwamanye amaplanethi. Ngo-1957, iSoviet Union yathumela i-Sputnik 1, isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe umuntu, eyaphawula ukuqala kweNkathi Yasemkhathini. Lesi senzakalo saholela ekwandeni kocwaningo lwamathuba okuphila kwamanye amaplanethi, njengoba ososayensi baqala ukucabangela amathuba avulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlola umkhathi. Ngo-1959, i-NASA yasekela ngezimali iphrojekthi yayo yokuqala ye-exobiology, kwathi ngo-1960, i-NASA yasungula uhlelo lwe-Exobiology, manje olungenye yezinto ezine eziyinhloko zohlelo lwe-NASA lwamanje lwe-Astrobiology. Ngo-1971, i-NASA yasekela ngezimali i-Project Cyclops, ingxenye yokufuna ubuhlakani bangaphandle komhlaba, ukuze ifune amaza omsakazo we-electromagnetic spectrum wezokuxhumana phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezidluliselwa impilo engaphandle komhlaba ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-Solar. Phakathi nawo-1960 nawo-1970, i-NASA yasungula uhlelo lwe-Viking, okwakuwumsebenzi wokuqala wase-US ukufika eMars nokufuna izimpawu zokuphila kwamanje; imiphumela yayingagculisi.
Uhlelo lwe-Viking, olwasungulwa i-NASA ngawo-1960 kuya ku-1970, lwaluwumsebenzi wokuqala wase-United States owawunomgomo wokufika eMars nokufuna izimpawu zokuphila kwamanje.