Tichipiwa rugwaro rwokubvunza pamusoro peHondo yeThermopylae, ndiudzei apo hondo yakarwiwa, hondo yacho yakanga iri pakati paani, mauto mangani echiGiriki neePersia akanga aripo, mauto ePersia akakwanisa sei kupoteredza mauto echiGiriki uye ndiani akakunda hondo yacho?
Context:Hondo yeThermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) yakarwiwa muna 480 BC pakati peAchaemenid Persian Empire pasi paXerxes I uye mubatanidzwa weGreek maguta-nyika inotungamirwa naSparta pasi paLeonidas I. Yakagara kwemazuva matatu, yaive imwe yehondo dzakakosha kwazvo dzekupinda kwechipiri kwePezhiya kweGirisi uye Hondo dzeGreek-Persian.  Kurwisana paThermopylae kwakaitika panguva imwe chete neHondo yeArtemisium: pakati paJuly naSeptember 480 BC. Kupinda kwechipiri kwePezhiya pasi paXerxes I kwaive kupindura kunonoka kukundikana kwekupinda kwekutanga kwePezhiya, uko kwakatangwa naDhariyasi I uye kwakapera muna 490 BC nekukunda kwevaAtene-kutungamirwa neGreek paHondo yeMarathon. Pakazosvika 480 BC, makore gumi pashure pokukundwa kwePezhiya paMarathon, Xerxes akanga aunganidza uto guru romugungwa neromunyika, uye akazotanga kukunda Girisi yose. Achipindura, wezvematongerwe enyika wokuAtene uye mukuru mukuru Themistokles akakarakadza kuti vaGiriki vakabatana vamise kufambira mberi kweuto rePersia pamharadzano yeThermopylae panguva imwe chete vachidzivisa ngarava dzehondo dzePersia paStraits of Artemisium.  Panenge pakutanga kwokupinda nechisimba, uto rechiGiriki revarume vanenge 7.000 raitungamirirwa naLeonidas rakafamba kuchamhembe kunodzivisa nzira yokuThermopylae. Vanyori vekare vanotaura kuti uto revaPezhiya raiva nevanhu vaisvika mamiriyoni akawanda, asi mazuva ano vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti raiva nevarwi vari pakati pe120 000 ne300 000. Vakasvika paThermopylae mukupera kwaAugust kana kuti kutanga kwaSeptember; vaGiriki vaiva vashoma vakavadzivisa kwemazuva manomwe (kusanganisira matatu okurwa zvakananga) pamberi pevarindi vavo vokumashure vakaparadzwa mune imwe yenhoroondo dzakakurumbira zvikuru dzokupedzisira. Mukati memazuva maviri azere ehondo, vaGiriki vakavhara nzira bedzi iyo hondo huru yePersia yaigona kuyambuka nayo nzira yakamanikana. Pashure pezuva rechipiri, mumwe mugari womunzvimbomo ainzi Ephialtes akazivisa vaPersia nezvokuvapo kwenzira inotungamirira shure kwemitsetse yechiGiriki. Gare gare, Leonidas, achiziva kuti uto rake rakanga richipoteredzwa navaPersia, akadzinga rutivi rukuru rwehondo yechiGiriki uye akasara kuti arinde kudzokera kwavo pamwe chete navaSpartan 300 navaThespian 700. Kwakataurwa kuti vamwewo vakanga vasara, kubatanidza vaHelot vanosvika 900 navaTheban 400. Kunze kwevaTheban, vakawanda vavo vanonzi vakazviisa mumaoko evaPezhiya, vaGiriki vakarwa nevaPezhiya kusvikira vafa.  Themistocles akanga achitungamirira uto rehondo reGirisi paArtemisium paakagamuchira mashoko okuti vaPezhiya vakanga vatora nzira yokuThermopylae. Sezvo nzira yokuzvidzivirira yechiGiriki yaida kuti Thermopylae neArtemisium zvichengetedzwe, chisarudzo chakaitwa chokubva pachitsuwa cheSalamis. VaPezhiya vakapinda muBoeotia ndokubva vatora guta reAtene rakanga rava kutorwa. Ngarava dzeGirisi - dzichitsvaka kukunda kwakasimba pamusoro pezvikepe zvePezhiya - dzakarwisa ndokukunda uto raipinda nechisimba muHondo yeSalamis mukupera kwa 480 BC. Achityira kubatwa muEurope, Xerxes akadzokera nevakawanda veuto rake kuAsia, achinzi akarasikirwa nevarwi vake vakawanda nenzara uye zvirwere ukuwo achisiya mutungamiriri weuto rePezhiya Mardonius kuti aenderere mberi nehondo yeAchaemenid Empire yeGirisi. Zvisinei, gore rakatevera racho, uto reGirisi rakakunda Mardonius nemauto ake muhondo yePlataea, zvichigumisa kurwisa kwechipiri kwePezhiya.  Vanyori vekare nevemazuva ano vakashandisa Hondo yeThermopylae somuenzaniso mukuru wesimba reuto rinorwira nyika yaro. Kubudirira kwevatsigiri vechiGiriki kunoshandiswawo semuenzaniso wezvinobatsira zvekurovedza, zvishandiso, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo semasimba ekuwedzera.
Hondo yeThermopylae yakarwiwa muna 480 BC. Hondo yacho yakarwiwa pakati poUmambo hwePersia, hwaitungamirirwa naXerxes I, uye mubatanidzwa wenyika dzakabatana dzeGirisi dzaitungamirirwa naLeonidas I weSparta. Paiva nevarume vechiGiriki vanenge 7 000 vaitungamirirwa naLeonidas I uye varwi vechiPersia vanofungidzirwa kuva 120 000 - 300 000 vaitungamirirwa naXerxes I. Hondo yePersia yakakwanisa kupoteredza hondo yechiGiriki nemhaka yokuti mumwe munhu womunzvimbomo ainzi Ephialtes akazivisa vaPersia kuti paiva nomugwagwa usina kuchengetedzwa waitungamirira shure kwemitsetse yechiGiriki. Hondo yeGirisi yakaita chiito chokupedzisira asi pakupedzisira haina kubudirira uye yakatorwa nehondo yePersia.