Pfupisa nyaya yaBrown naBhodi reDzidzo reTopeka mumutsara mumwe chete.
Context:Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), yakanga iri chisarudzo chinokosha neDare Repamusorosoro reU.S., iro rakatonga kuti mitemo yehurumende yeU.S. inosimbisa kuparadzaniswa kwemarudzi muzvikoro zvehurumende hazvibvumirwi nemutemo, kunyange kana zvikoro zvakaparadzaniswa zvimwe zvakaenzana nehutano. Chisarudzo ichi chakaramba chikamu chechisarudzo che 1896 cheDare Plessy v. Ferguson, icho chakanga chafunga kuti mitemo yekuparadzanisa dzinza haina kutyora Bumbiro reUnited States chero bedzi zvivakwa zverudzi rumwe nerumwe zvaive zvakaenzana mumhando, dzidziso yakazozivikanwa se "zvakaparadzana asi zvakaenzana".[note 1] Chisarudzo cheDare muBrown chakarongedza nzira yekubatanidzwa uye chaive kukunda kukuru kwekurwira kodzero dzevanhu, uye muenzaniso wezviitiko zvakawanda zvekumhan'ara mune ramangwana.  Nyaya yacho yakatanga muna 1951 apo zvikoro zvehurumende muTopeka, Kansas, zvakaramba kunyoresa mwanasikana womumwe mugari wechitema womunzvimbomo Oliver Brown pachikoro chepuraimari chaiva pedyo nomusha wavo, panzvimbo pezvo vachimuti apinde mubhazi kuenda kuchikoro chevatema chakanga chakaparadzaniswa nechimwe chiri kure. VaBrown nemamwe mhuri gumi nembiri dzevatema dzomunzvimbomo mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana vakanyoresa chiito chokumhan'arira boka mudare rehurumende reU.S. kurwisana neTopeka Board of Education, vachiti mutemo wayo wokuparadzanisa wakanga usingawirirani nomutemo. Dare rinokosha revatongi vatatu reU.S. District Court nokuda kweDunhu reKansas rakapa mutongo mukurwisana naVaBrown, richivimba nechakaitika chePlessy v. Ferguson nedzidziso yaro ye"vakaparadzana asi vakaenzana". VaBrown, vakamirirwa negweta guru reNAACP Thurgood Marshall, ipapo vakakwidza chisarudzo chacho zvakananga kuDare Repamusorosoro.  Muna May 1954, Dare Repamusorosoro rakapa chisarudzo chakabvumiranwa che 9<unk>0 chichitsigira vaBrown. Dare rakapa mutongo wokuti "zvivako zvedzidzo zvakaparadzana hazvina kuenzana", uye naizvozvo mitemo inozvirayira inoputsa Gwaro Rokudzivirira Rakaenzana reChitsauko chegumi nechina cheBumbiro reMutemo reUnited States. Zvisinei, mapeji 14 echisarudzo chacho haana kutsanangura nzira ipi neipi yokugumisa kupatsanura kwemarudzi muzvikoro, uye chisarudzo chechipiri cheDare muBrown II (349 U.S. 294 (1955)) chakanga changodaira bedzi nyika kuti dzibvise rusaruro "nokukurumidza kwose kwokufunga".  Kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, zvikurukuru mu"Maodzanyemba Akadzika", umo rusaruro rworudzi rwakanga rwakadzika midzi, kuita kwaBrown pakati pavanhu vazhinji vachena kwakanga "kuine ruzha uye kwakapfava". Vatungamiri vazhinji vehurumende nevezvematongerwe enyika veSouth vakagamuchira chirongwa chinozivikanwa se "Massive Resistance", chakagadzirwa naSenator weVirginia Harry F. Byrd, kuitira kuti vakundikane kuedza kuvamanikidza kuti varege kuparadzanisa zvikoro zvavo. Makore mana gare gare, munhau yaCooper v. Aaron, Dare rakasimbisazve kutonga kwaro muBrown, uye rakataura zvakajeka kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevamiriri vemitemo vakanga vasina simba rokubvisa kutonga kwaro.
Brown v. Board of Education yeTopeka yaiva mutongo wakabvumiranwa muna 1954 neDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States kuti kuparadzaniswa kwemarudzi muzvikoro zvehurumende zveUnited States kwakanga kusingabvumirwi nomutemo, izvo zvakazarura nzira yekodzero dzevanhu uye kusanganiswa kwemarudzi.