Iyini i-molecular biology?
I-Molecular biology igatsha le-biology elifuna ukuqonda isisekelo se-molecular somsebenzi we-biological ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamaseli, kufaka phakathi i-biomolecular synthesis, ukuguqulwa, izindlela, kanye nokusebenzisana. [ Ucwaningo lwesakhiwo samakhemikhali nesomzimba sama-macromolecule ezinto eziphilayo lwaziwa njenge-biology yamangqamuzana.  I-molecular biology yaqala ukuchazwa njengendlela egxile ezisekelweni zezinto eziphilayo - ukudalula izakhiwo zamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo, nokuthi lokhu kusebenzisana kuchaza kanjani ukubonwa kwezinto eziphilayo zakudala.  Ngo-1945 igama elithi i-molecular biology lasetshenziswa isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uWilliam Astbury. Ngo-1953 uFrancis Crick, uJames Watson, uRosalind Franklin, kanye nozakwabo, abasebenza e-Medical Research Council unit, eCavendish laboratory, eCambridge (manje eyi-MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), benza imodeli ye-DNA ene-helix ephindwe kabili eyashintsha sonke isimo socwaningo. Basikisela ukwakheka kwe - DNA ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olwalwenziwe ngaphambili uRosalind Franklin noMaurice Wilkins. Lolu cwaningo lwaholela ekutholeni i-DNA kwezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo, izitshalo nezilwane.  I-biology yamangqamuzana akuyona nje isifundo sezinhlayiya zezinto eziphilayo nokusebenzisana kwazo; kunalokho, futhi iqoqo lezindlela ezithuthukisiwe kusukela ekudalweni kwalolu mkhakha okuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuba bafunde ngezinqubo zamangqamuzana. Ngale ndlela iye yaphelelisa futhi yathuthukisa i-biochemistry ne-genetics njengezindlela (zokuqonda imvelo) ezaqala ngaphambi kokufika kwayo. Enye yezindlela eziphawulekayo eye yaguqula le nkambu ukusabela kwe-polymerase chain (PCR), okwakhiwa ngo-1983. I-PCR iyindlela yokusabela ekhulisa inani elincane le-DNA, futhi isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi.  Imfundiso eyinhloko ye-molecular biology ichaza inqubo lapho i-DNA ibhalwa khona ibe i-RNA, bese ihunyushwa ibe amaprotheni.  I-biology yamangqamuzana nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukwakheka, imisebenzi, nokulawulwa kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ngamanye, konke okungasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ngempumelelo izidakamizwa ezintsha, ukuxilonga izifo, nokuqonda kangcono i-physiology yeseli. Ucwaningo oluthile lomtholampilo kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha okuvela kuyi-molecular biology kuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kwe-gene therapy kanti ukusetshenziswa kwe-molecular biology noma i-molecular cell biology kwezokwelapha manje kubhekiselwa kuyo njengokwelashwa kwe-molecular.