waa kuma Ruth Bader Ginsburg?
Context:Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 <unk> September 18, 2020) waxay ahayd qareen Mareykan ah iyo garyaqaan ka soo shaqeeyay garsooraha maxkamadda sare ee Mareykanka laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa dhimashadeedii 2020. Waxaa u magacaabay Madaxweyne Bill Clinton si uu u bedelo xaakimka howlgabka ah ee Byron White, waqtigaasna waxaa guud ahaan loo arkaa inay tahay dhisme dhexdhexaad ah. Waxay ugu dambeyntii ka mid noqotay garabka xorriyadda ee Maxkamadda maadaama Maxkamaddu u wareegtay dhanka midig waqti ka dib. Ginsburg waxay ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee Yuhuudi ah iyo haweeneydii labaad ee ka shaqeysa Maxkamadda, ka dib Sandra Day O'Connor. Intii ay xilka haysay, Ginsburg waxay qortay fikradaha aqlabiyadda, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka oo ka dhan ah Virginia (1996), Olmstead oo ka dhan ah L.C. (1999), Saaxiibada Dhulka, Inc. oo ka dhan ah Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), iyo Magaalada Sherrill oo ka dhan ah Oneida Indian Nation ee New York (2005).
Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 <unk> September 18, 2020) waxay ahayd qareen Mareykan ah iyo garyaqaan ka soo shaqeeyay garsooraha maxkamadda sare ee Mareykanka laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa dhimashadeedii 2020. Waxaa u magacaabay Madaxweyne Bill Clinton si uu u bedelo xaakimka howlgabka ah ee Byron White, waqtigaasna waxaa guud ahaan loo arkaa inay tahay dhisme dhexdhexaad ah. Waxay ugu dambeyntii ka mid noqotay garabka xorriyadda ee Maxkamadda maadaama Maxkamaddu u wareegtay dhanka midig waqti ka dib. Ginsburg waxay ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee Yuhuudi ah iyo haweeneydii labaad ee ka shaqeysa Maxkamadda, ka dib Sandra Day O'Connor. Intii ay xilka haysay, Ginsburg waxay qortay fikradaha aqlabiyadda, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka oo ka dhan ah Virginia (1996), Olmstead oo ka dhan ah L.C. (1999), Saaxiibada Dhulka, Inc. oo ka dhan ah Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), iyo Magaalada Sherrill oo ka dhan ah Oneida Indian Nation ee New York (2005).  Ginsburg waxay ku dhalatay kuna soo barbaartay Brooklyn, New York. Walaasheed ka weyn ayaa dhimatay markii ay ahayd ilmo yar, hooyadeedna waxay dhimatay wax yar ka hor inta Ginsburg aysan ka qalin jabin dugsiga sare. Waxay shahaadada koowaad ka qaadatay Jaamacadda Cornell waxayna guursatay Martin D. Ginsburg, waxayna noqotay hooyo ka hor inta aysan bilaabin dugsiga sharciga ee Harvard, halkaas oo ay ka mid ahayd dumarka yar ee fasalkeeda. Ginsburg waxay u gudbisay Columbia Law School, halkaas oo ay ku qalinjabisay heerka koowaad ee fasalkeeda. Horraantii 1960-yadii waxay la shaqeysay Mashruuca Dugsiga Sharciga ee Columbia ee Nidaamka Caalamiga ah, waxay baratay Iswiidhishka, waxayna la wadaagtay buug uu qoray garyaqaankii Iswiidhishka ahaa ee Anders Bruzelius; shaqadeeda Iswiidhan waxay si weyn u saameysay fikirkeeda ku saabsan sinnaanta jinsiga. Kadib waxay noqotay borofisar ka tirsan Rutgers Law School iyo Columbia Law School, iyadoo baraysa dacwadaha madaniga ah iyada oo ka mid ah haweenka yar ee ku takhasusay arimaheeda.  Ginsburg waxay ku qaadatay inta badan xirfadeeda sharciga ah u dooda sinnaanta jinsiga iyo xuquuqda haweenka, iyadoo ku guuleysatay dood badan Maxkamadda Sare. Waxay u doodeysay sidii qareen mutadawiciin u ah Ururka Xorriyadda Madaniga ah ee Mareykanka waxayna xubin ka ahayd guddiga agaasimayaasha iyo mid ka mid ah lataliyayaasheeda guud 1970-yadii. Sannadkii 1980, Madaxweyne Jimmy Carter wuxuu u magacaabay Maxkamadda Racfaanka ee Mareykanka ee Degmada Columbia Circuit, halkaas oo ay ka soo shaqeysay ilaa markii loo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare sanadkii 1993. Intii u dhaxeysay hawlgabka O'Connor sanadkii 2006 iyo magacaabista Sonia Sotomayor sanadkii 2009, waxay ahayd haweeneyda kaliya ee garsoore ka ah Maxkamadda Sare. Intii lagu jiray xilligaas, Ginsburg waxay noqotay mid xoog badan oo ku saabsan khilaafkeeda, sida Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007). Fikradda ka soo horjeedda ee Ginsburg ayaa lagu tiriyay inay dhiirrigelisay Sharciga Mushaharka Caddaaladda ee Lilly Ledbetter oo uu saxiixay Madaxweyne Barack Obama sanadkii 2009, taasoo u sahlaysa shaqaalaha inay ku guuleystaan dacwadaha takoorka mushaharka. Ginsburg waxay dareen ka heshay dhaqanka caanka ah ee Mareykanka ee khilaafkeeda qallafsan ee kiisas badan, oo si ballaaran loo arko inay ka tarjumeyso aragtiyo xor ah oo ku saabsan sharciga. Waxaa loogu magac daray "The Notorious R.B.G".,[a] oo ay markii dambe qaatay magacan.  In kasta oo ay laba jeer ku dhacday kansarka iyo codsiyada dadweynaha ee aqoonyahannada sharciga ee xorriyadda leh, waxay go'aansatay inaysan howlgab noqon 2013 ama 2014 markii Obama iyo Senate-ka ay xakameeyaan Dimuqraadiyiintu ay magacaabi karaan oo ay xaqiijin karaan beddeladeeda. Ginsburg waxay ku dhimatay gurigeeda Washington, D.C., bishii Sebtember 18, 2020, da'da 87, dhibaatooyin ka dhashay kansarka mindhicirka oo faafay. Booska geeridiisa ka dhalatay waxaa buuxisay 39 maalmood kadib Amy Coney Barrett, oo ah muxaafid. Natiijadu waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah seddexda isbeddel ee ugu weyn ee dhanka midig ee Maxkamadda tan iyo 1953, ka dib markii loo magacaabay Clarence Thomas inuu bedelo Thurgood Marshall 1991 iyo magacaabista Warren Burger inuu bedelo Earl Warren 1969.