USingapore waba izwe elizimele nelingobukhosi ngamuphi unyaka?
Context:ISingapore, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhulikhi yaseSingapore, iyizwe eliyisiqhingi kanye nedolobha-izwe elingaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Itholakala cishe ku-1 degree of latitude (137 amakhilomitha noma 85 amamayela) enyakatho ye-equator, ngasekugcineni eningizimu yeNhlonhlo yaseMalay, emngceleni weStrait of Malacca entshonalanga, iStrait yaseSingapore eningizimu, iSouth China Sea empumalanga, kanye neStrait of Johor enyakatho. Insimu yezwe yakhiwa isiqhingi esisodwa esikhulu, iziqhingi neziqhingi ezingama-63 ezihambisana nazo, kanye nesiqhingi esisodwa esizungezile; indawo ehlanganisiwe yalokhu inyuke ngo-25% selokhu izwe lazimela ngenxa yemiklamo ebanzi yokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Inesibalo sabantu esiphakeme kakhulu sesithathu emhlabeni. Njengoba inabantu abanamasiko ahlukahlukene futhi ibona isidingo sokuhlonipha ubunikazi bamasiko amaqembu amakhulu ezizwe ngaphakathi kwesizwe, iSingapore inezilimi ezine ezisemthethweni: isiNgisi, isiMalay, isiMandarin nesiTamil. IsiNgisi siwulimi oluvamile futhi izinsiza eziningi zikahulumeni zitholakala ngesiNgisi kuphela. Ukubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga kuhlanganiswe kumthethosisekelo futhi kuyaqhubeka kubumba izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke kwezemfundo, kwezezindlu nakwezombangazwe.  Umlando waseSingapore ubuyela emuva okungenani eminyakeni eyinkulungwane, ube yi-emporium yasolwandle eyaziwa ngokuthi iTemasek futhi kamuva njengengxenye enkulu yezakhi zemibuso eminingana elandelanayo ye-thalassocratic. Inkathi yayo yanamuhla yaqala ngo-1819 lapho uStamford Raffles esungula iSingapore njengendawo yokuhweba yokuhweba yoMbuso WaseBrithani. Ngo-1867, amakoloni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ahlelwa kabusha futhi iSingapore yaba ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngqo yiBrithani njengengxenye ye-Straits Settlements. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, iSingapore yathunjwa yiJapane ngo-1942, futhi yabuyela ekulawulweni yiBrithani njengekoloni elihlukile leNdlovukazi kulandela ukuzinikela kweJapane ngo-1945. ISingapore yathola ukuzibusa ngo-1959 futhi ngo-1963 yaba ingxenye yombuso omusha waseMalaysia, kanye neMalaya, iNorth Borneo, neSarawak. Ukungafani kwemibono, okuphawuleka kakhulu ukwephulwa kwemibono yezombusazwe "yaseMalaysia yaseMalaysia" eholwa nguLee Kuan Yew kwezinye izinhlangano ezakha iMalaysia - ngezindleko ezibonakalayo ze-bumiputera kanye nezinqubomgomo zeKetuanan Melayu - ekugcineni kwaholela ekuxoshweni kweSingapore embusweni eminyakeni emibili kamuva; ISingapore yaba izwe elizimele elizimele ngo-1965.
Ngo-1965