Ndiani akasika kukwenya?
Context:Unyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwokugadzira hwakatangwa nokugadzirwa kwezvigadziri zvinoshandiswa zvakananga, izvo zvakatungamirira kukuvapo kwezvigadziri zvinoshandiswa. Early bhandi-nemotokari turntables vakanga vasingakodzeri scratching sezvo vakanga kunonoka kutanga-up nguva, uye vakanga vasingatani vapfeke uye kubvarura, sezvo bhandi aizotsemuka kubva backspinning kana scratching. Dhirobhoti yokutanga ine chinotenderera chakananga yakaitwa naShuichi Obata, injiniya paMatsushita (zvino Panasonic), iri muOsaka, Japan. Yakabvisa mabhanhire, uye panzvimbo pezvo yakashandisa mota kuti ityaire zvakananga ndiro pane inogara rekodhi yevinyl. Muna 1969, Matsushita akasunungura sezvo SP-10, wokutanga zvakananga-nemotokari turntable pamusoro pamusika, uye wokutanga kwavo simba Technics dzakatevedzana turntables.  Muma1970, vaimbi vehip hop uye maDJ ekirabhu vakatanga kushandisa iyi michina yakasarudzika yekutendeuka kufambisa rekodhi kumashure nekumberi, vachigadzira kurira kwekurova uye mhedzisiro <unk> "kukwenya" <unk> kuvaraidza vateereri vavo vekutamba. Nepo ma1940 kusvika kuma1960 maDJ airidza nhepfenyuro vaishandisa back-cueing pavanenge vachiteerera ruzha kuburikidza nemahedhifoni avo, vateereri vasinganzwi, nekukwenya, DJ anorega vateereri vachinzwa ruzha rwuri kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa rekodhi pane turntable, nekutungamira kubuda kubva kune turntable kune yekusimbisa system kuitira kuti vateereri vanzwe ruzha. Scratching yakagadzirwa nevekutanga hip hop DJs kubva kuNew York City saGrand Wizzard Theodore, uyo akarondedzera kukwenya se, "hapana chinhu kunze kwekudzoka-kudzoka kwaunonzwa munzeve yako usati waisundira [ruzha rwakanyorwa] kuruzhinji". Akagadzira nzira iyi apo aiedza neTechnics SL-1200, inotenderera yakananga yakaburitswa naMatsushita muna 1972 paakaona kuti mota yaizoramba ichitenderera paRPM chaiyo kunyangwe kana DJ akazungunusa rekodhi kumashure nekumberi mundiro. Afrika Bambaataa akaita kuwanwa kwakafanana neSL-1200 muma1970. The Technics SL-1200 akapfuurira kuva inonyanya kushandiswa turntable kwemakumi emakore akatevera.  DJ akaberekerwa muJamaica Kool Herc, uyo akatamira kuNew York City, akafurira kukura kwekutanga kwekutsvaira. Kool Herc akavandudza break-beat DJing, uko kuputsika kwenziyo dzefunk - kuva chikamu chinonyanya kutamba, kazhinji chinoratidzira percussion - chakasarudzwa uye chakadzokororwa nechinangwa chemapati ekutamba husiku hwese. Akafurirwa neJamaican dub music, uye akavandudza matekiniki ake ekushandura achishandisa Technics SL-1100, yakaburitswa muna 1971, nekuda kwemotokari yayo yakasimba, kusimba, uye kuvimbika.  Kunyange zvazvo vaimbi vekare vakadai semunyori uye mudetembi William S. Burroughs vakanga vaedza nepfungwa yekugadzirisa reel-to-reel tepi nemaoko kuti vaite ruzha, sezvakaitwa nemarekodhi ake e1950s, "Sound Piece", vinyl scratching sechinhu che hip hop yakatanga pfungwa yekuita ruzha chikamu chakakosha uye chinorova chemimhanzi panzvimbo pekusagadzikana ruzha. Scratching inoenderana ne "scrubbing" (maererano nekugadzirisa odhiyo uye kugadzirwa) apo ma reels eakavhurika reel-to-reel tepi deck (kazhinji 1/4 inch magnetic audiotape) anotenderedzwa zvinyoronyoro kumashure nekumberi apo musoro wekuridza uri mupenyu uye wakawedzerwa, kupatsanura nzvimbo yakatarwa pane tepi uko kugadziriswa "kucheka" kunofanirwa kuitwa. Mumakore ekuma2010, zvose zviri zviviri kukwenya uye kukwenya kunogona kuitwa pamadhijitari edhiyo (DAWs) ayo akashongedzerwa neaya matekinoroji.   Kwakatangira Zvose  Muenzaniso weDJ wenziyo inoti "Kwakabva Zvose" Une zvinetso zvokutamba iyi faira here? Ona rubatsiro rwezvinobudisa nhau. Christian Marclay akanga ari mumwe wevaimbi vapakuvamba zvikurusa kukwenya kunze kwehip hop. Pakati pemakore ekuma1970, Marclay akashandisa marekodhi egramophone uye turntables sezviridzwa zvemimhanzi kugadzira collages. Akagadzira manzwi ake e turntable akazvimiririra neDJs dzehip hop. Kunyange zvazvo asingazivikanwi nevateereri vakawanda, Marclay akarondedzerwa se"munhu ane simba zvikuru pane vanoridza mumhanzi unenge uchiridzwa nepurogiramu yemimhanzi" uye se"muvambi asingazivi wemimhanzi inenge ichiridzwa nepurogiramu yemimhanzi".  Muna 1981 Grandmaster Flash akaburitsa rwiyo "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" iyo inozivikanwa nekushandisa kwayo kwakawanda kweDJ kukwenya matekiniki. Rakanga riri rekodhi rokutanga rokutengeserana rakagadzirwa chose chose richishandisa turntables. Muna 1982, Malcolm McLaren & World's Famous Supreme Team yakabudisa imwe chete "Buffalo Gals", ichipesana nekukanganisa kwakakura nekudana kubva kumakwikwi ekutamba, uye, muna 1983, EP, D'ya Like Scratchin '?, iyo inonyanya kutarisa pakutsvaga. Chimwe chakabudiswa muna 1983 chinoratidza zvikuru kukwenya ndiHerbie Hancock's Grammy Award-winning single "Rockit". Rwiyo urwu rwakaitwawo mhenyu pa 1984 Grammy Awards, uye mufirimu rekunyora Scratch, kuita kwacho kunotaurwa nevazhinji ma1980-era maDJ sekutanga kwavo kukanda. Street Sounds Electro compilation series iyo yakatanga muna 1983 inozivikanwawo nemienzaniso yekutanga yekukwenya. Zvakare, chidimbu chakakurumbira chaive "For A Few Dollars More" naBill Laswell-Michael Beinhorn bhendi Chinyorwa, chakaburitswa pa12 "imwe chete muJapan uye iine kukwenya kunoitwa naGrand Mixer DXT, mumwe piyona wekukwenya.
Sezvo kukwenya kwaive kuwanikwa kwakajairika kwakaitwa nekuuya kweakananga kutyaira turntables, zvakaoma kutaura kuti ndiani aive munhu wekutanga kukwenya pane turntable, zvisinei zviri kubvumirana kuti GrandMasterFlash naKoolHerc vakaita kuti mhando iyi ive yakakurumbira