[
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the National Socialist movement will go on for 1,000 years!\u00a0... Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power!"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "writer",
            "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom",
            "during the Second World War"
        ],
        "sentence": "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874\u00a0\u2013 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Senussi",
            "Italian Libya",
            "British Egypt",
            "guerrilla war"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Senussi tribe, along the border of Italian Libya and British Egypt, incited and armed by the Turks, waged a small-scale guerrilla war against Allied troops."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Calculus",
            "differential calculus",
            "integral calculus",
            "continuous functions",
            "nonlinear relationships",
            "variables"
        ],
        "sentence": "Calculus, consisting of the two subfields differential calculus and integral calculus, is the study of continuous functions, which model the typically nonlinear relationships between varying quantities, as represented by variables."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "model"
        ],
        "sentence": "Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "declared war on Germany",
            "United States Navy",
            "battleship group",
            "Scapa Flow",
            "United States Army",
            "National Guard",
            "Selective Service Act of 1917",
            "American Expeditionary Forces",
            "Germany",
            "Allies",
            "United States",
            "Grand Fleet",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 6 April 1917, Congress declared war on Germany as an \"Associated Power\" of the Allies. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join the Grand Fleet and provided convoy escorts. In April 1917, the United States Army had fewer than 300,000 men, including National Guard units, compared to British and French armies of 4.1 and 8.3 million respectively. The Selective Service Act of 1917 drafted 2.8\u00a0million men, although training and equipping such numbers was a huge logistical challenge. By June 1918, over 667,000 members of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), had been transported to France, a figure which reached 2 million by the end of November.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Dan Plesch",
            "United Nations War Crimes Commission",
            "war criminals",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to British academic Dan Plesch, Hitler was put on the United Nations War Crimes Commission's first list of war criminals in December 1944, after determining that Hitler could be held criminally responsible for the acts of the Nazis in occupied countries."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "revolution",
            "Kaiser Wilhelm II"
        ],
        "sentence": "Facing revolution at home and with his army on the verge of mutiny, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated on 9 November."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "blitzkrieg"
        ],
        "sentence": "The German tactic of blitzkrieg was initially highly effective; the Soviet air force in the western borderlands was destroyed within two days."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "beer widget",
            "bottled",
            "draught",
            "head",
            "Guinness"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 1980s, Guinness introduced the beer widget, a nitrogen-pressurised ball inside a can which creates a dense, tight head, similar to beer served from a nitrogen system. The words draft and draught can be used as marketing terms to describe canned or bottled beers containing a beer widget, or which are cold-filtered rather than pasteurised.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tripartite Pact",
            "Indochina",
            "China"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan and the U.S. engaged in negotiations during 1941, attempting to improve relations. In the course of these negotiations, Japan offered to withdraw from most of China and Indochina after making peace with the Nationalist government. It also proposed to adopt an independent interpretation of the Tripartite Pact and to refrain from trade discrimination, provided all other nations reciprocated. Washington rejected these proposals. Japanese Prime Minister Konoye then offered to meet with Roosevelt, but Roosevelt insisted on reaching an agreement before any meeting. The US ambassador to Japan repeatedly urged Roosevelt to accept the meeting, warning that it was the only way to preserve the conciliatory Konoye government and peace in the Pacific. However, his recommendation was not acted upon. The Konoye government collapsed the following month when the Japanese military rejected a withdrawal of all troops from China.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "William H. Woodin",
            "Cordell Hull",
            "Harold L. Ickes",
            "Henry A. Wallace",
            "Republican",
            "progressive",
            "Frances Perkins"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the transition, Roosevelt chose Howe as his chief of staff, and Farley as Postmaster General. Frances Perkins, as Secretary of Labor, became the first woman appointed to a cabinet position. William H. Woodin, a Republican industrialist close to Roosevelt, was the choice for Secretary of the Treasury, while Roosevelt chose Senator Cordell Hull of Tennessee as Secretary of State. Harold L. Ickes and Henry A. Wallace, two progressive Republicans, were selected for the roles of Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of Agriculture, respectively.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mississippian culture",
            "southeast",
            "agriculture",
            "architecture",
            "Cahokia",
            "archaeological site",
            "Four Corners",
            "Southwestern United States",
            "Ancestral Puebloans",
            "Algonquian",
            "Algonquian languages",
            "indigenous peoples",
            "Atlantic Coast",
            "Saint Lawrence River",
            "Great Lakes",
            "corn",
            "beans",
            "squash",
            "Three Sisters",
            "slash and burn",
            "Ojibwe",
            "wild rice",
            "Iroquois",
            "cultural",
            "state",
            "largest",
            "most populous",
            "North America"
        ],
        "sentence": "Over time, indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly sophisticated, and some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture in the southeast, developed advanced agriculture, architecture, and complex societies. The city-state of Cahokia was the largest, most complex pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day United States. In the Four Corners region in present-day Southwestern United States, the culture of Ancestral Puebloans developed over centuries of agricultural experimentation. The Algonquian, consisting of peoples who speak Algonquian languages, were one of the most populous and widespread North American indigenous peoples. These people were historically prominent along the Atlantic Coast and in the Saint Lawrence River and Great Lakes regions. Before European immigrants made contact, most of the Algonquian relied on hunting and fishing, and many supplemented their diet by cultivating corn, beans, and squash, known as the \"Three Sisters\". By European contact in the 17th century, they practiced slash and burn agriculture, using controlled fire to extend farmlands' productivity and manage land. The Ojibwe cultivated wild rice. The Iroquois confederation Haudenosaunee, located in the southern Great Lakes region, was established between the 12th and 15th centuries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "New Hollywood",
            "Bonnie and Clyde",
            "Francis Ford Coppola",
            "Steven Spielberg",
            "George Lucas",
            "Brian De Palma",
            "Stanley Kubrick",
            "Martin Scorsese",
            "Roman Polanski",
            "William Friedkin",
            "Andy Warhol",
            "Blue Movie",
            "adult erotic films",
            "Johnny Carson",
            "Bob Hope",
            "Roger Ebert",
            "The New York Times",
            "porno chic",
            "Golden Age of Porn",
            "Toni Bentley",
            "Radley Metzger",
            "The Opening of Misty Beethoven",
            "Pygmalion",
            "George Bernard Shaw",
            "My Fair Lady",
            "Golden Age",
            "Hollywood",
            "cinema"
        ],
        "sentence": "The New Hollywood is the emergence of a new generation of film school-trained directors who had absorbed the techniques developed in Europe in the 1960s as a result of the French New Wave; the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde marked the beginning of American cinema rebounding as well, as a new generation of films would afterwards gain success at the box offices as well. Filmmakers like Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Brian De Palma, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, Roman Polanski, and William Friedkin came to produce fare that paid homage to the history of film and developed upon existing genres and techniques. Inaugurated by the 1969 release of Andy Warhol's Blue Movie, the phenomenon of adult erotic films being publicly discussed by celebrities (like Johnny Carson and Bob Hope), and taken seriously by critics (like Roger Ebert), a development referred to, by Ralph Blumenthal of The New York Times, as \"porno chic\", and later known as the Golden Age of Porn, began, for the first time, in modern American culture. According to award-winning author Toni Bentley, Radley Metzger's 1976 film The Opening of Misty Beethoven, based on the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw (and its derivative, My Fair Lady), and due to attaining a mainstream level in storyline and sets, is considered the \"crown jewel\" of this 'Golden Age'.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anton Cermak"
        ],
        "sentence": "As he was attempting to shoot Roosevelt, Zangara was struck by a woman with her purse; he instead mortally wounded Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak, who was sitting alongside Roosevelt."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "in February 1921 it invaded",
            "Georgia",
            "Turkestan",
            "Red Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviet government sought to bring neighbouring states under its domination; in February 1921 it invaded the Menshevik-governed Georgia, while in April 1921, Stalin ordered the Red Army into Turkestan to reassert Russian state control."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "arrows",
            "bolts",
            "breed"
        ],
        "sentence": "Whatever the Poodle's country of origin, both their German and French breed names indicate the modern Poodle's ancestors were widely used by waterfowlers both to retrieve shot game and to recover lost arrows and bolts that had missed their mark.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "way of assigning",
            "probability distribution",
            "event",
            "probability"
        ],
        "sentence": "Probability is a way of assigning every \"event\" a value between zero and one, with the requirement that the event made up of all possible results (in our example, the event {1,2,3,4,5,6}) be assigned a value of one. To qualify as a probability distribution, the assignment of values must satisfy the requirement that if you look at a collection of mutually exclusive events (events that contain no common results, e.g., the events {1,6}, {3}, and {2,4} are all mutually exclusive), the probability that any of these events occurs is given by the sum of the probabilities of the events.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Yasuji Okamura",
            "Shantung"
        ],
        "sentence": "General Yasuji Okamura implemented the policy in Heipei and Shantung."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory",
            "Hawaii",
            "Pearl Harbor",
            "midget submarine"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1992, 2000, and 2001 Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's submersibles found the wreck of the fifth midget submarine lying in three parts outside Pearl Harbor."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lenin's Mausoleum",
            "Red Square"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the funeral on 9 March, Stalin\u2019s body was laid to rest in Lenin's Mausoleum in Red Square; hundreds of thousands attended."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "attrition",
            "Japan",
            "Soviet Union",
            "United States",
            "Soviet",
            "Allies",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Though the Allies' economic and population advantages were largely mitigated during the initial rapid blitzkrieg attacks of Germany and Japan, they became the decisive factor by 1942, after the United States and Soviet Union joined the Allies, as the war largely settled into one of attrition."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fall of the Western Roman Empire",
            "Migration Period",
            "ancient history",
            "Middle Ages"
        ],
        "sentence": "The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE and the related Migration Period marked the end of Europe's ancient history, and the beginning of the Middle Ages."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vasili III",
            "Russian states",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Vasili III united all of Russia by annexing the last few independent Russian states in the early 16th century."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fifth Avenue",
            "neuritis"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 13 December, he was crossing Fifth Avenue in New York City when he was knocked down by a car, suffering a head wound from which he developed neuritis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tsaritsyn",
            "Southern Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1918, amid a diwndling food supply, Sovnarkom sent Stalin to Tsaritsyn to take charge of food procurement in Southern Russia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "motorised artillery",
            "consolidate",
            "artillery",
            "tank"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lacking tanks or motorised artillery, the Germans were unable to consolidate their gains."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "instigating uprisings in India",
            "Niedermayer\u2013Hentig Expedition",
            "Central Powers",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prior to the war, Germany had attempted to use Indian nationalism and pan-Islamism to its advantage, a policy continued post-1914 by instigating uprisings in India, while the Niedermayer\u2013Hentig Expedition urged Afghanistan to join the war on the side of Central Powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "wavefunction"
        ],
        "sentence": "In a quantum mechanical system with three states, the quantum mechanical wavefunction is a superposition of states again, but this time twice as many quantities with no restriction on the sign:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sunday Night at the London Palladium",
            "Beatlemania",
            "Tommy Roe",
            "Chris Montez",
            "tour with Roy Orbison"
        ],
        "sentence": "The success brought increased media exposure, to which the Beatles responded with an irreverent and comical attitude that defied the expectations of pop musicians at the time, inspiring even more interest. The band toured the UK three times in the first half of the year: a four-week tour that began in February, the Beatles' first nationwide, preceded three-week tours in March and May\u2013June. As their popularity spread, a frenzied adulation of the group took hold. On 13 October, the Beatles starred on Sunday Night at the London Palladium, the UK's top variety show. Their performance was televised live and watched by 15\u00a0million viewers. One national paper's headlines in the following days coined the term \"Beatlemania\" to describe the riotous enthusiasm by screaming fans who greeted the band \u2013 and it stuck. Although not billed as tour leaders, the Beatles overshadowed American acts Tommy Roe and Chris Montez during the February engagements and assumed top billing \"by audience demand\", something no British act had previously accomplished while touring with artists from the US. A similar situation arose during their May\u2013June tour with Roy Orbison.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Z4",
            "ETH Zurich",
            "Zuse KG",
            "de",
            "Berlin"
        ],
        "sentence": "Zuse's next computer, the Z4, became the world's first commercial computer; after initial delay due to the Second World War, it was completed in 1950 and delivered to the ETH Zurich. The computer was manufactured by Zuse's own company, Zuse KG\u00a0[de], which was founded in 1941 as the first company with the sole purpose of developing computers in Berlin.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "G.I. Blues",
            "His Hand in Mine",
            "Something for Everybody",
            "Nashville sound",
            "Pearl Harbor",
            "pop",
            "country",
            "Nashville",
            "Memphis",
            "country music",
            "Elvis",
            "gospel",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "G.I. Blues, the soundtrack to Presley's first film since his return, was a number-one album in October. His first LP of sacred material, His Hand in Mine, followed two months later; it reached number 13 on the U.S. pop chart and number 3 in the United Kingdom, remarkable figures for a gospel album. In February 1961, Presley performed two shows for a benefit event in Memphis, on behalf of twenty-four local charities. During a luncheon preceding the event, RCA presented him with a plaque certifying worldwide sales of over 75 million records. A twelve-hour Nashville session in mid-March yielded nearly all of Presley's next studio album, Something for Everybody. As described by John Robertson, it exemplifies the Nashville sound, the restrained, cosmopolitan style that would define country music in the 1960s. Presaging much of what was to come from Presley himself over the next half-decade, the album is largely \"a pleasant, unthreatening pastiche of the music that had once been Elvis' birthright\". It would be his sixth number-one LP. Another benefit concert, raising money for a Pearl Harbor memorial, was staged on March 25 in Hawaii. It was to be Presley's last public performance for seven years.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Austrian School",
            "Friedrich Hayek",
            "Murray Rothbard",
            "America's Great Depression",
            "Federal Reserve",
            "Monetarists",
            "money supply",
            "Monetarist"
        ],
        "sentence": "Two prominent theorists in the Austrian School on the Great Depression include Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek and American economist Murray Rothbard, who wrote America's Great Depression (1963). In their view, much like the monetarists, the Federal Reserve (created in 1913) shoulders much of the blame; however, unlike the Monetarists, they argue that the key cause of the Depression was the expansion of the money supply in the 1920s which led to an unsustainable credit-driven boom.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dimensional regularization",
            "regularization",
            "Lagrangian",
            "Feynman diagrams",
            "Feynman diagram"
        ],
        "sentence": "are constants to be determined. The first three terms are the \u03d5 Lagrangian density written in terms of the renormalized quantities, while the latter three terms are referred to as \"counterterms\". As the Lagrangian now contains more terms, so the Feynman diagrams should include additional elements, each with their own Feynman rules. The procedure is outlined as follows. First select a regularization scheme (such as the cut-off regularization introduced above or dimensional regularization); call the regulator \u039b. Compute Feynman diagrams, in which divergent terms will depend on \u039b. Then, define \u03b4Z, \u03b4m, and \u03b4\u03bb such that Feynman diagrams for the counterterms will exactly cancel the divergent terms in the normal Feynman diagrams when the limit \u039b\u2009\u2192\u2009\u221e is taken. In this way, meaningful finite quantities are obtained.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!",
            "Lennon and McCartney"
        ],
        "sentence": "Collaborating with Lennon and McCartney required Martin to adapt to their different approaches to songwriting and recording. MacDonald comments, \"while [he] worked more naturally with the conventionally articulate McCartney, the challenge of catering to Lennon's intuitive approach generally spurred him to his more original arrangements, of which \"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!\" is an outstanding example.\" Martin said of the two composers' distinct songwriting styles and his stabilising influence:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the end of 1916, Russian casualties totalled nearly five million killed, wounded or captured, with major urban areas affected by food shortages and high prices."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States Air Force",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army prior to the independent United States Air Force in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 Marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "As Germany swept through Western Europe and menaced Britain in mid-1940, Roosevelt decided that only he had the necessary experience and skills to see the nation safely through the Nazi threat."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "uncertainty principle",
            "canonical commutation relation",
            "momentum",
            "Hermitian",
            "operators"
        ],
        "sentence": "One consequence of the basic quantum formalism is the uncertainty principle. In its most familiar form, this states that no preparation of a quantum particle can imply simultaneously precise predictions both for a measurement of its position and for a measurement of its momentum. Both position and momentum are observables, meaning that they are represented by Hermitian operators. The position operator \n\n\n\n\n\n\nX\n^\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\hat {X}}}\n\n and momentum operator \n\n\n\n\n\n\nP\n^\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\hat {P}}}\n\n do not commute, but rather satisfy the canonical commutation relation:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fumimaro Konoe",
            "Secretary of State"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Roosevelt administration was unwilling to reverse the policy, and Secretary of State Hull blocked a potential summit between Roosevelt and Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Eurasia",
            "Eurocentrism",
            "China",
            "India",
            "Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some view the separation of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as a residue of Eurocentrism: \"In physical, cultural and historical diversity, China and India are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. [...].\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Politburo"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1952, he also eliminated the Politburo and replaced it with a larger version which he called the Presidium."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dandelions",
            "cleistogamous",
            "Viola",
            "fertilization",
            "ovule",
            "pollen"
        ],
        "sentence": "The extreme case of self-fertilization, when the ovule is fertilized by pollen from the same flower or plant, occurs in flowers that always self-fertilize, such as many dandelions. Some flowers are self-pollinated and have flowers that never open or are self-pollinated before the flowers open; these flowers are called cleistogamous; many species in the genus Viola exhibit this, for example.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Einstein refrigerator",
            "absorption refrigerator",
            "U.S. Patent 1,781,541",
            "Electrolux",
            "Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1926, Einstein and his former student Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd co-invented (and in 1930, patented) the Einstein refrigerator. This absorption refrigerator was then revolutionary for having no moving parts and using only heat as an input. On 11 November 1930, U.S. Patent 1,781,541 was awarded to Einstein and Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd for the refrigerator. Their invention was not immediately put into commercial production, but the most promising of their patents were acquired by the Swedish company Electrolux.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sakhalin",
            "Kuril Islands",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt and Churchill conceded to Stalin's demand that Germany pay the Soviet Union 20\u00a0billion dollars in reparations, and that his country be permitted to annex Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in exchange for entering the war against Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "most recent ice age",
            "European fauna"
        ],
        "sentence": "Glaciation during the most recent ice age and the presence of humans affected the distribution of European fauna."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "between 26 and 27 million Soviet citizens had been killed",
            "Russian Orthodox Church",
            "Russian Orthodox"
        ],
        "sentence": "The NKVD were ordered to catalogue the scale of destruction during the war. It was established that 1,710 Soviet towns and 70,000 villages had been destroyed. The NKVD recorded that between 26 and 27 million Soviet citizens had been killed, with millions more being wounded, malnourished, or orphaned. In the war's aftermath, some of Stalin's associates suggested modifications to government policy. Post-war Soviet society was more tolerant than its pre-war phase in various respects. Stalin allowed the Russian Orthodox Church to retain the churches it had opened during the war. Academia and the arts were also allowed greater freedom than they had prior to 1941. Recognising the need for drastic steps to be taken to combat inflation and promote economic regeneration, in December 1947 Stalin's government devalued the rouble and abolished the ration-book system. Capital punishment was abolished in 1947 but re-instituted in 1950.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Assam",
            "Chindwin River",
            "Asia",
            "Japan",
            "Myitkyina",
            "Southeast Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the start of July 1944, Commonwealth forces in Southeast Asia had repelled the Japanese sieges in Assam, pushing the Japanese back to the Chindwin River while the Chinese captured Myitkyina."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "USS Leviathan"
        ],
        "sentence": "In September, he returned to the United States on board the USS Leviathan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ballet",
            "sport",
            "painting",
            "cinema",
            "Russians",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music, ballet, sport, painting, and cinema."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "New England",
            "Western United States",
            "to be less religious"
        ],
        "sentence": "New England and the Western United States tend to be less religious."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Spring and Labour Day"
        ],
        "sentence": "Spring and Labour Day, originally a Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is celebrated on 1 May."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "It provided financial assistance for reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and used for military purposes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Project Alberta"
        ],
        "sentence": "Parsons said that Project Alberta would have it ready by 11 August, but Tibbets pointed to weather reports indicating poor flying conditions on that day due to a storm, and asked if the bomb could be readied by 9 August."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
            "European Theater of Operations, United States Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt had appointed General Dwight D. Eisenhower as commanding officer of the European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mobilization",
            "World War I",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rearmament policies leading up to World War II helped stimulate the economies of Europe in 1937\u20131939. By 1937, unemployment in Britain had fallen to 1.5\u00a0million. The mobilization of manpower following the outbreak of war in 1939 ended unemployment.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fiesler Storch",
            "Romania"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first Romanian-made Fiesler Storch was completed in October 1943, followed by 9 more by May 1944."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "American Sound Studio",
            "From Elvis in Memphis",
            "In the Ghetto",
            "Suspicious Minds",
            "Don't Cry Daddy",
            "Kentucky Rain",
            "Memphis",
            "soundtrack album",
            "pop",
            "country",
            "Don't",
            "Elvis",
            "gospel",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "Buoyed by the experience of the Comeback Special, Presley engaged in a prolific series of recording sessions at American Sound Studio, which led to the acclaimed From Elvis in Memphis. Released in June 1969, it was his first secular, non-soundtrack album from a dedicated period in the studio in eight years. As described by Marsh, it is \"a masterpiece in which Presley immediately catches up with pop music trends that had seemed to pass him by during the movie years. He sings country songs, soul songs and rockers with real conviction, a stunning achievement.\" The album featured the hit single \"In the Ghetto\", issued in April, which reached number three on the pop chart\u2014Presley's first non-gospel top ten hit since \"Bossa Nova Baby\" in 1963. Further hit singles were culled from the American Sound sessions: \"Suspicious Minds\", \"Don't Cry Daddy\", and \"Kentucky Rain\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "against the Chinese"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan entered into conflict against the Chinese in 1937."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rakesh Agrawal",
            "Tomasz Imieli\u0144ski",
            "point-of-sale"
        ],
        "sentence": "Based on the concept of strong rules, Rakesh Agrawal, Tomasz Imieli\u0144ski and Arun Swami introduced association rules for discovering regularities between products in large-scale transaction data recorded by point-of-sale (POS) systems in supermarkets."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Houses of York",
            "Lancaster",
            "Wars of the Roses"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roses symbolised the Houses of York and Lancaster in a conflict known as the Wars of the Roses.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "protectionism",
            "Chile"
        ],
        "sentence": "Consequently, as in other Latin American countries, protectionism became an entrenched aspect of the Chilean economy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Peano",
            "abstract algebra",
            "algorithms",
            "vector spaces",
            "Gauss",
            "Gaussian elimination"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first modern and more precise definition of a vector space was introduced by Peano in 1888; by 1900, a theory of linear transformations of finite-dimensional vector spaces had emerged. Linear algebra took its modern form in the first half of the twentieth century, when many ideas and methods of previous centuries were generalized as abstract algebra. The development of computers led to increased research in efficient algorithms for Gaussian elimination and matrix decompositions, and linear algebra became an essential tool for modelling and simulations.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "American popular music",
            "Beyonc\u00e9",
            "Taylor Swift",
            "Miley Cyrus",
            "Ariana Grande",
            "Eminem",
            "Lady Gaga",
            "Katy Perry",
            "global streaming rankings",
            "largest music market",
            "major record companies",
            "Recording Industry Association of America",
            "largest"
        ],
        "sentence": "American popular music, as part of the wider U.S. pop culture, has a worldwide influence and following. Beyonc\u00e9, Taylor Swift, Miley Cyrus, Ariana Grande, Eminem, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, and many other contemporary artists dominate global streaming rankings. The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of $4.9 billion in 2014. Most of the world's major record companies are based in the U.S.; they are represented by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Y\u014dsuke Yamahata",
            "propaganda",
            "Mainichi Shimbun",
            "military",
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 10 August 1945, the day after the Nagasaki bombing, military photographer Y\u014dsuke Yamahata, correspondent Higashi, and artist Yamada arrived in the city with instructions to record the destruction for propaganda purposes. Yamahata took scores of photographs, and on 21 August, they appeared in Mainichi Shimbun, a popular Japanese newspaper. After Japan's surrender and the arrival of American forces, copies of his photographs were seized amid the ensuing censorship, but some records have survived.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Stalingrad"
        ],
        "sentence": "This resulted in the protracted Battle of Stalingrad."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "6-5",
            "6-5",
            "6-6"
        ],
        "sentence": "Breaking down (6-5) into its components, replacing \n\n\n\nv\n\n\n{\\displaystyle v}\n\n with the dimensionless \n\n\n\n\u03b2\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\beta }\n\n, and factoring out common terms from (6-5) and (6-6) yields the following:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gold marks",
            "Central Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 5 May 1921, the reparation Commission established the London Schedule of Payments and a final reparation sum of 132\u00a0billion gold marks to be demanded of all the Central Powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "drafted"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18\u201327 to be drafted for a year of service in the Armed Forces."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "region"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the following table, the prefectures are grouped by region:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Manhattan Project",
            "Little Boy",
            "enriched uranium",
            "gun-type fission weapon",
            "Fat Man",
            "plutonium",
            "implosion-type nuclear weapon",
            "atomic bombs",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "By July 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs: \"Little Boy\", an enriched uranium gun-type fission weapon, and \"Fat Man\", a plutonium implosion-type nuclear weapon."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cover",
            "RCA Victor",
            "stillborn",
            "G",
            "country",
            "Elvis"
        ],
        "sentence": "The correct spelling of his middle name has long been a matter of debate. The physician who delivered him wrote \"Elvis Aaron Presley\" in his ledger. The state-issued birth certificate reads \"Elvis Aron Presley\". The name was chosen after the Presleys' friend and fellow congregation member Aaron Kennedy, though a single-A spelling was probably intended by Presley's parents to parallel the middle name of Presley's stillborn brother, Jesse Garon. It reads Aron on most official documents produced during his lifetime, including his high school diploma, RCA Victor record contract, and marriage license, and this was generally taken to be the proper spelling. In 1966, Presley expressed the desire to his father that the more traditional biblical rendering, Aaron, be used henceforth, \"especially on legal documents\". Five years later, the Jaycees citation honoring him as one of the country's Outstanding Young Men used Aaron. Late in his life, he sought to officially change the spelling to Aaron and discovered that state records already listed it that way. Knowing his wishes for his middle name, Aaron is the spelling his father chose for Presley's tombstone, and it is the spelling his estate has designated as official.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hungarian",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the aftermath of the war, four empires disappeared: the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dominate Asia and the Pacific",
            "at war",
            "Republic of China",
            "Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "heterosporous",
            "spores",
            "meiosis",
            "gametophytes",
            "gametophyte",
            "flowering plants",
            "ovule",
            "ovary",
            "ovules",
            "sporangia",
            "anther"
        ],
        "sentence": "The principal purpose of a flower is the reproduction of the individual and the species. All flowering plants are heterosporous, that is, every individual plant produces two types of spores. Microspores are produced by meiosis inside anthers and megaspores are produced inside ovules that are within an ovary. Anthers typically consist of four microsporangia and an ovule is an integumented megasporangium. Both types of spores develop into gametophytes inside sporangia. As with all heterosporous plants, the gametophytes also develop inside the spores, i. e., they are endosporic.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Brouwer",
            "intuitionistic logic",
            "law of excluded middle",
            "foundations",
            "logic"
        ],
        "sentence": "This approach to the foundations of mathematics was challenged during the first half of the 20th century by mathematicians led by Brouwer, who promoted intuitionistic logic, which explicitly lacks the law of excluded middle."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "modeling",
            "ambient space",
            "geometry",
            "mechanics",
            "robotics",
            "rigid body dynamics",
            "geodesy",
            "Earth shape",
            "perspectivity",
            "computer vision",
            "computer graphics",
            "S"
        ],
        "sentence": "The modeling of ambient space is based on geometry. Sciences concerned with this space use geometry widely. This is the case with mechanics and robotics, for describing rigid body dynamics; geodesy for describing Earth shape; perspectivity, computer vision, and computer graphics, for describing the relationship between a scene and its plane representation; and many other scientific domains.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cross-validation",
            "hyperparameters",
            "parameter",
            "parameters",
            "hyperparameter"
        ],
        "sentence": "Applications whose goal is to create a system that generalizes well to unseen examples, face the possibility of over-training. This arises in convoluted or over-specified systems when the network capacity significantly exceeds the needed free parameters. Two approaches address over-training. The first is to use cross-validation and similar techniques to check for the presence of over-training and to select hyperparameters to minimize the generalization error.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "denazification",
            "Nuremberg trials",
            "Nuremberg",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "A denazification program in Germany led to the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg trials and the removal of ex-Nazis from power, although this policy moved towards amnesty and re-integration of ex-Nazis into West German society."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Emperor's palace",
            "Emperor"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Emperor's palace in Tokyo has a greater fame than any other target but is of least strategic value.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Slovak National Uprising",
            "Josef Tiso",
            "Slovakia",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Slovakia was spared German military occupation until the Slovak National Uprising, which began on 29 August 1944, and was almost immediately crushed by the Waffen SS and Slovak troops loyal to Josef Tiso.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hiroshima",
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "Unlike Hiroshima's military death toll, only 150 Japanese soldiers were killed instantly, including 36 from the 134th AAA Regiment of the 4th AAA Division."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "polo",
            "Bombay"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 2 December 1898, Churchill embarked for India to settle his military business and complete his resignation from the 4th Hussars. He spent a lot of his time there playing polo, the only ball sport in which he was ever interested. Having left the Hussars, he sailed from Bombay on 20 March 1899, determined to launch a career in politics.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan surrendered",
            "Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan",
            "invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria",
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan surrendered to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan and invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "epidemiology",
            "Sadako Sasaki",
            "solid cancers",
            "radiation",
            "leukemia"
        ],
        "sentence": "As the epidemiology study continues with time, the RERF estimates that, from 1950 to 2000, 46 percent of leukemia deaths which may include Sadako Sasaki and 11 percent of solid cancers of unspecified lethality were likely due to radiation from the bombs or some other post-attack city effects, with the statistical excess being 200 leukemia deaths and 1,700 solid cancers of undeclared lethality."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "third-largest cultivated area",
            "agricultural",
            "arable",
            "breadbasket",
            "industrial crops",
            "largest exporter of wheat",
            "largest producer of barley",
            "buckwheat",
            "maize",
            "sunflower oil",
            "fertilizer",
            "producer",
            "oil",
            "Russian",
            "exporter"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia's agriculture sector contributes about 5% of the country's total GDP, although the sector employs about one-eighth of the total labour force. It has the world's third-largest cultivated area, at 1,265,267 square kilometres (488,522\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). However, due to the harshness of its environment, about 13.1% of its land is agricultural, and only 7.4% of its land is arable. The country's agricultural land is considered part of the \"breadbasket\" of Europe. More than one-third of the sown area is devoted to fodder crops, and the remaining farmland is devoted to industrial crops, vegetables, and fruits. The main product of Russian farming has always been grain, which occupies considerably more than half of the cropland. Russia is the world's largest exporter of wheat, the largest producer of barley and buckwheat, among the largest exporters of maize and sunflower oil, and the leading producer of fertilizer.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Thailand",
            "Burma",
            "Malaya",
            "the Dutch East Indies",
            "Singapore",
            "Rabaul",
            "resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces",
            "Philippine Commonwealth",
            "Battle of Yenangyaung",
            "South China Sea",
            "Java Sea",
            "Indian Ocean",
            "bombed the Allied naval base",
            "Darwin",
            "victory at Changsha",
            "British",
            "Japan",
            "Australia",
            "Dutch East Indies",
            "Europe",
            "left"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the end of April 1942, Japan and its ally Thailand had almost fully conquered Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Singapore, and Rabaul, inflicting severe losses on Allied troops and taking a large number of prisoners. Despite stubborn resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces, the Philippine Commonwealth was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile. On 16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division. Japanese forces also achieved naval victories in the South China Sea, Java Sea, and Indian Ocean, and bombed the Allied naval base at Darwin, Australia. In January 1942, the only Allied success against Japan was a Chinese victory at Changsha. These easy victories over the unprepared U.S. and European opponents left Japan overconfident, as well as overextended.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "black hole mechanics",
            "laws of thermodynamics",
            "entropy",
            "Penrose process",
            "thermal radiation",
            "Planck's law",
            "Hawking radiation",
            "quantum theory section",
            "radiation",
            "time",
            "event",
            "gravity",
            "thermal",
            "theory",
            "energy",
            "strong",
            "black holes",
            "below"
        ],
        "sentence": "Even more remarkably, there is a general set of laws known as black hole mechanics, which is analogous to the laws of thermodynamics. For instance, by the second law of black hole mechanics, the area of the event horizon of a general black hole will never decrease with time, analogous to the entropy of a thermodynamic system. This limits the energy that can be extracted by classical means from a rotating black hole (e.g. by the Penrose process). There is strong evidence that the laws of black hole mechanics are, in fact, a subset of the laws of thermodynamics, and that the black hole area is proportional to its entropy. This leads to a modification of the original laws of black hole mechanics: for instance, as the second law of black hole mechanics becomes part of the second law of thermodynamics, it is possible for black hole area to decrease\u2014as long as other processes ensure that, overall, entropy increases. As thermodynamical objects with non-zero temperature, black holes should emit thermal radiation. Semi-classical calculations indicate that indeed they do, with the surface gravity playing the role of temperature in Planck's law. This radiation is known as Hawking radiation (cf. the quantum theory section, below).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Manuel Roxas",
            "Senate",
            "President"
        ],
        "sentence": "He was granted amnesty by President Manuel Roxas, and remained active in politics, ultimately winning a seat in the post-war Senate."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the United Kingdom, the Felinfoel Brewery sold the first canned beer in Europe in January 1936.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "totalitarian",
            "authoritarian",
            "dictator",
            "autocrat",
            "Caesarism",
            "red fascist",
            "oligarchy",
            "despot",
            "Dmitri Volkogonov",
            "human history",
            "Soviet Union",
            "military",
            "Bolshevik"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin's necessity for the Soviet Union's economic development has been questioned, and it has been argued that Stalin's policies from 1928 onwards may have only been a limiting factor. Stalin's Soviet Union has been characterised as a totalitarian state, with Stalin its authoritarian leader. Various biographers have described him as a dictator, an autocrat, or accused him of practising Caesarism. He has also been labelled a \"red fascist\". Montefiore argued that while Stalin initially ruled as part of a Communist Party oligarchy, the Soviet government transformed from this oligarchy into a personal dictatorship in 1934, with Stalin only becoming \"absolute dictator\" between March and June 1937, when senior military and NKVD figures were eliminated. According to Kotkin, Stalin \"built a personal dictatorship within the Bolshevik dictatorship.\" In both the Soviet Union and elsewhere he came to be portrayed as an \"Oriental despot\". Dmitri Volkogonov characterised him as \"one of the most powerful figures in human history.\" McDermott stated that Stalin had \"concentrated unprecedented political authority in his hands.\" Service stated that Stalin \"had come closer to personal despotism than almost any monarch in history\" by the late 1930s.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Deep learning",
            "convolutional",
            "GPU",
            "Yann LeCun",
            "NYU",
            "neural networks",
            "learning",
            "convolution",
            "pattern recognition"
        ],
        "sentence": "Deep learning feedforward networks alternate convolutional layers and max-pooling layers, topped by several pure classification layers. Fast GPU-based implementations of this approach have won several pattern recognition contests, including the IJCNN 2011 Traffic Sign Recognition Competition and the  ISBI 2012 Segmentation of Neuronal Structures in Electron Microscopy Stacks challenge. Such neural networks also were the first artificial pattern recognizers to achieve human-competitive or even superhuman performance on benchmarks such as traffic sign recognition (IJCNN 2012), or the MNIST handwritten digits problem of Yann LeCun and colleagues at NYU.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cat show",
            "pedigreed",
            "purebred"
        ],
        "sentence": "A cat show is a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. It is often required that a cat must be healthy and vaccinated in order to participate in a cat show. Both pedigreed and non-purebred companion (\"moggy\") cats are admissible, although the rules differ depending on the organization. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for temperament.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "peace treaty",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Finland signed a peace treaty with the Allied powers in 1947 which described Finland as having been \"an ally of Hitlerite Germany\" during the continuation war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "California Institute of Technology"
        ],
        "sentence": "In December 1930, Einstein began another significant sojourn in the United States, drawn back to the US by the offer of a two month research fellowship at the California Institute of Technology. Caltech supported him in his wish that he should not be exposed to quite as much attention from the media as he had experienced when visiting the US in 1921, and he therefore declined all the invitations to receive prizes or make speeches that his admirers poured down upon him. But he remained willing to allow his fans at least some of the time with him that they requested.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Soviet",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "They agreed on the occupation of post-war Germany, and on when the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "feature",
            "classification"
        ],
        "sentence": "Feature learning is motivated by the fact that machine learning tasks such as classification often require input that is mathematically and computationally convenient to process. However, real-world data such as images, video, and sensory data has not yielded attempts to algorithmically define specific features. An alternative is to discover such features or representations through examination, without relying on explicit algorithms.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "national government",
            "Allied",
            "Axis powers",
            "victory in 1945"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill formed a national government and oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Britain, 16,000 people asked for conscientious objector status."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Serbs",
            "persecuted and murdered",
            "Usta\u0161e",
            "Yugoslavia",
            "Axis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Between 1941 and 1945, more than 200,000 ethnic Serbs, along with gypsies and Jews, were persecuted and murdered by the Axis-aligned Croatian Usta\u0161e in Yugoslavia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western powers",
            "Communism",
            "fascism",
            "militarism",
            "conservatism",
            "autarky"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Axis powers' primary goal was territorial expansion at the expense of their neighbors. In ideological terms, the Axis described their goals as breaking the hegemony of the plutocratic Western powers and defending civilization from Communism. The Axis championed a number of variants on fascism, militarism, conservatism and autarky. Creation of territorially contiguous autarkic empires was a common goal of all three major Axis powers.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "natural sciences",
            "engineering",
            "medicine",
            "finance",
            "computer science",
            "social sciences"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mathematics is essential in the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, finance, computer science and the social sciences."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Collection",
            "Blackland House",
            "Calne",
            "florists"
        ],
        "sentence": "The UK's National Collection of English florists' tulips and Dutch historic tulips, dating from the early 17th century to c.1960, is held by Polly Nicholson at Blackland House, near Calne in Wiltshire.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "petroleum",
            "natural gas",
            "coal",
            "renewable sources",
            "nuclear power",
            "world's population",
            "world's energy",
            "petroleum consumption",
            "second-highest",
            "largest",
            "China"
        ],
        "sentence": "As of 2021, the United States receives approximately 79.1% of its energy from fossil fuels. In 2021, the largest source of the country's energy came from petroleum (36.1%), followed by natural gas (32.2%), coal (10.8%), renewable sources (12.5%), and nuclear power (8.4%). The United States constitutes less than 5% of the world's population, but consumes 17% of the world's energy. It accounts  for about 20%  of both the world's annual petroleum consumption and petroleum supply. The U.S. ranks as second-highest emitter of greenhouse gases, exceeded only by China.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rothschild"
        ],
        "sentence": "He found employment at the Rothschild refinery storehouse, where he co-organised two workers' strikes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "second-largest",
            "Sony Interactive Entertainment",
            "Take-Two",
            "Activision Blizzard",
            "Electronic Arts",
            "Xbox Game Studios",
            "Bethesda Softworks",
            "Epic Games",
            "Valve",
            "Warner Bros.",
            "Riot Games",
            "California",
            "largest"
        ],
        "sentence": "The video game market of the United States is the world's second-largest by revenue. Major publishers headquartered in the United States are Sony Interactive Entertainment, Take-Two, Activision Blizzard, Electronic Arts, Xbox Game Studios, Bethesda Softworks, Epic Games, Valve, Warner Bros., Riot Games, and others. There are 444 publishers, developers, and hardware companies in California alone.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "backpropagation",
            "TIMIT",
            "decision trees",
            "generative model",
            "training",
            "generative models",
            "speech recognition",
            "mixture model"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 2009 NIPS Workshop on Deep Learning for Speech Recognition was motivated by the limitations of deep generative models of speech, and the possibility that given more capable hardware and large-scale data sets that deep neural nets (DNN) might become practical. It was believed that pre-training DNNs using generative models of deep belief nets (DBN) would overcome the main difficulties of neural nets. However, it was discovered that replacing pre-training with large amounts of training data for straightforward backpropagation when using DNNs with large, context-dependent output layers produced error rates dramatically lower than then-state-of-the-art Gaussian mixture model (GMM)/Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and also than more-advanced generative model-based systems. The nature of the recognition errors produced by the two types of systems was characteristically different, offering technical insights into how to integrate deep learning into the existing highly efficient, run-time speech decoding system deployed by all major speech recognition systems. Analysis around 2009\u20132010, contrasting the GMM (and other generative speech models) vs. DNN models, stimulated early industrial investment in deep learning for speech recognition.  That analysis was done with comparable performance (less than 1.5% in error rate) between discriminative DNNs and generative models.\nIn 2010, researchers extended deep learning from TIMIT to large vocabulary speech recognition, by adopting large output layers of the DNN based on context-dependent HMM states constructed by decision trees.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western powers",
            "Communism"
        ],
        "sentence": "In ideological terms, the Axis described their goals as breaking the hegemony of the plutocratic Western powers and defending civilization from Communism."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "West Virginia",
            "Arizona"
        ],
        "sentence": "Burning oil from Arizona and West Virginia drifted down on her and probably made the situation look worse than it was."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the 1950s, one-fifth of West Germans were refugees from the east."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States Navy",
            "significantly increased",
            "Paris",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1940, following the German capture of Paris, the size of the United States Navy was significantly increased."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Boris Bazhanov"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to Stalin's secretary, Boris Bazhanov, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin's death while \"publicly putting on the mask of grief\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "market economy",
            "planned economy",
            "first five-year plan",
            "Magnitogorsk",
            "White Sea-Baltic Canal",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Officially, the Soviet Union had replaced the \"irrationality\" and \"wastefulness\" of a market economy with a planned economy organised along a long-term, precise, and scientific framework; in reality, Soviet economics were based on ad hoc commandments issued from the centre, often to make short-term targets. In 1928, the first five-year plan was launched, its main focus on boosting heavy industry; it was finished a year ahead of schedule, in 1932. The USSR underwent a massive economic transformation. New mines were opened, new cities like Magnitogorsk constructed, and work on the White Sea-Baltic Canal began. Millions of peasants moved to the cities, although urban house building could not keep up with the demand. Large debts were accrued purchasing foreign-made machinery.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Independent State of Croatia",
            "Yugoslav Partisans",
            "Ante Paveli\u0107",
            "Usta\u0161e",
            "Poglavnik",
            "Croatian",
            "Tripartite Pact"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 10 April 1941, the so-called Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, or NDH), an installed German\u2013Italian puppet state, co-signed the Tripartite Pact. The NDH remained a member of the Axis until the end of Second World War, its forces fighting for Germany even after its territory had been overrun by Yugoslav Partisans. On 16 April 1941, Ante Paveli\u0107, a Croatian nationalist and one of the founders of the Usta\u0161e (\"Croatian Liberation Movement\"), was proclaimed Poglavnik (leader) of the new regime.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anglo-German Naval Agreement",
            "German\u2013Polish Non-Aggression Pact",
            "United Kingdom",
            "Poland",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler accused the United Kingdom and Poland of trying to \"encircle\" Germany and renounced the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the German\u2013Polish Non-Aggression Pact."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "regime change",
            "left-wing",
            "Korean",
            "Vietnam Wars",
            "Space Race",
            "landing people on the Moon in 1969",
            "Moon"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. engaged in regime change operations against left-wing governments, conflicts like the Korean and Vietnam Wars and led the Space Race, eventually landing people on the Moon in 1969."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mahatma Gandhi",
            "Wilfrid Israel",
            "V. A. Sundaram"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein was deeply impressed by Mahatma Gandhi, with whom he corresponded. He described Gandhi as \"a role model for the generations to come\". The initial connection was established on 27 September 1931, when Wilfrid Israel took his Indian guest V. A. Sundaram to meet his friend Einstein at his summer home in the town of Caputh. Sundaram was Gandhi's disciple and special envoy, whom Wilfrid Israel met while visiting India and visiting the Indian leader's home in 1925. During the visit, Einstein wrote a short letter to Gandhi that was delivered to him through his envoy, and Gandhi responded quickly with his own letter. Although in the end Einstein and Gandhi were unable to meet as they had hoped, the direct connection between them was established through Wilfrid Israel.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "The control system's function is as follows\u2014 this is a simplified description, and some of these steps may be performed concurrently or in a different order depending on the type of CPU:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italian nationalism",
            "Italian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Italian nationalism was stirred by the outbreak of the war and was initially strongly supported by a variety of political factions."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "path integral",
            "quantum mechanics"
        ],
        "sentence": "where the sum extends over all paths \n\n\n\nx\n(\nt\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x(t)}\n\n with the property that \n\n\n\nx\n(\n0\n)\n=\n0\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x(0)=0}\n\n and \n\n\n\nx\n(\nT\n)\n=\ny\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x(T)=y}\n\n. The analogous expression in quantum mechanics is the path integral.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "France",
            "Munich",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "In October 1938 in the aftermath of the Munich Agreement, Italy demanded concessions from France to yield to Italy in Africa."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rise of Adolf Hitler",
            "Nazi regime",
            "League of Nations",
            "World Disarmament Conference",
            "rise",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In October 1933, following the rise of Adolf Hitler and the founding of the Nazi regime, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Imperial Japanese Army",
            "Imperial Japanese Navy"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Imperial Japanese Army was in favour of war with the United States, but the Imperial Japanese Navy was generally strongly opposed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States",
            "gold standard"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other countries, such as Italy and the United States, remained on the gold standard into 1932 or 1933, while a few countries in the so-called \"gold bloc\", led by France and including Poland, Belgium and Switzerland, stayed on the standard until 1935\u201336."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Falange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las JONS",
            "Latin America",
            "Puerto Rico",
            "Falange Exterior",
            "United States Armed Forces",
            "Philippine Commonwealth Army",
            "Philippines",
            "Philippine Falange",
            "Spain",
            "World War II",
            "World War I",
            "Falange"
        ],
        "sentence": "The possibility of Spanish intervention in World War II was of concern to the United States, which investigated the activities of Spain's ruling Falange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las JONS in Latin America, especially Puerto Rico, where pro-Falange and pro-Franco sentiment was high, even amongst the ruling upper classes. The Falangists promoted the idea of supporting Spain's former colonies in fighting against American domination. Prior to the outbreak of war, support for Franco and the Falange was high in the Philippines. The Falange Exterior, the international department of the Falange, collaborated with Japanese forces against the United States Armed Forces and the Philippine Commonwealth Army in the Philippines through the Philippine Falange.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dog tails",
            "docked",
            "canid",
            "hunting",
            "canids"
        ],
        "sentence": "There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or corkscrew. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be crucial in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "tank",
            "Eighth Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "Having received the news from North Africa, Churchill obtained shipment from America to the Eighth Army of 300 Sherman tanks and 100 howitzers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Homer N. Wallin"
        ],
        "sentence": "After a systematic search for survivors, Captain Homer N. Wallin was ordered to lead a formal salvage operation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ottomans",
            "Armenian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Ottomans carried out organised and systematic massacres of the Armenian population at the beginning of the war and manipulated acts of Armenian resistance by portraying them as rebellions to justify further extermination."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "training data"
        ],
        "sentence": "A machine learning system trained specifically on current customers may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cryptanalytic unit",
            "Midway"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lastly, the basement of the Old Administration Building was the home of the cryptanalytic unit which contributed significantly to the Midway ambush and the Submarine Force's success."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "counter-offensives",
            "Panther\u2013Wotan line",
            "Smolensk",
            "Lower Dnieper Offensive",
            "Kursk",
            "German",
            "counter-offensive",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Eastern Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 12 July 1943, the Soviets launched their own counter-offensives, thereby dispelling any chance of German victory or even stalemate in the east. The Soviet victory at Kursk marked the end of German superiority, giving the Soviet Union the initiative on the Eastern Front. The Germans tried to stabilise their eastern front along the hastily fortified Panther\u2013Wotan line, but the Soviets broke through it at Smolensk and by the Lower Dnieper Offensive.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taiwan",
            "U.S."
        ],
        "sentence": "Though Taiwan does not have formal diplomatic relations with the U.S., it maintains close, if unofficial, relations."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Euclid",
            "\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {2}}}\n\n",
            "irrational",
            "Pythagorean mystics",
            "Theodorus",
            "Hippasus",
            "numbers",
            "real numbers",
            "arithmetic",
            "integers"
        ],
        "sentence": "Euclid IX 21\u201334 is very probably Pythagorean; it is very simple material (\"odd times even is even\", \"if an odd number measures [= divides] an even number, then it also measures [= divides] half of it\"), but it is all that is needed to prove that \n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {2}}}\n\n\nis irrational. Pythagorean mystics gave great importance to the odd and the even.\nThe discovery that \n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {2}}}\n\n is irrational is credited to the early Pythagoreans (pre-Theodorus). By revealing (in modern terms) that numbers could be irrational, this discovery seems to have provoked the first foundational crisis in mathematical history; its proof or its divulgation are sometimes credited to Hippasus, who was expelled or split from the Pythagorean sect. This forced a distinction between numbers (integers and the rationals\u2014the subjects of arithmetic), on the one hand, and lengths and proportions (which we would identify with real numbers, whether rational or not), on the other hand.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Office of Strategic Services",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to a US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) report, \"The Nazi Master Plan\", Hitler planned to destroy the influence of Christian churches within the Reich."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "David Margesson",
            "Chief Whip"
        ],
        "sentence": "The matter had already been discussed at a meeting on the 9th between Chamberlain, Halifax, Churchill, and David Margesson, the government Chief Whip."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Baltic Sea",
            "Soviet"
        ],
        "sentence": "This delay slowed subsequent Soviet operations in the Baltic Sea region."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Labour Exchanges Bill"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1909, he proposed the Labour Exchanges Bill to establish over 200 Labour Exchanges through which the unemployed would be assisted in finding employment."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "abolished nationally",
            "slavery",
            "Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "With the Union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "scientific research"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan is a leading nation in scientific research, particularly in the natural sciences and engineering."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Aleksandr Drankov",
            "Aleksandr Khanzhonkov",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia began its film industry in 1908 with Path\u00e9 shooting some fiction subjects there, and then the creation of real Russian film companies by Aleksandr Drankov and Aleksandr Khanzhonkov. The Khanzhonkov company quickly became much the largest Russian film company, and remained so until 1918.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Roaring Twenties",
            "Wall Street Crash of 1929",
            "Great Depression"
        ],
        "sentence": "The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "heterodox theories",
            "Keynesian"
        ],
        "sentence": "There are also various heterodox theories that downplay or reject the explanations of the Keynesians and monetarists."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Tripartite Pact",
            "Axis Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany; the 1940 Tripartite Pact made it one of the Axis Powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Kursk",
            "tank battle",
            "Eastern Front",
            "East",
            "largest",
            "history"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Battle of Kursk, which involved the largest tank battle in history, was the last major German offensive on the Eastern Front."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Great Britain",
            "Ireland",
            "Scandinavia",
            "Germany",
            "Italy",
            "Russia",
            "Central and Eastern Europe",
            "Canada",
            "port of New York City",
            "Ellis Island",
            "East Coast",
            "Central Europeans",
            "Midwest",
            "French Canadians",
            "Quebec",
            "New England",
            "Great Migration",
            "New York City",
            "the North",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "From 1865 through 1918 an unprecedented and diverse stream of immigrants arrived in the United States, 27.5 million in total. In all, 24.4 million (89%) came from Europe, including 2.9 million from Great Britain, 2.2 million from Ireland, 2.1 million from Scandinavia, 3.8 million from Germany, 4.1 million from Italy, 7.8 million from Russia and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe. Another 1.7 million came from Canada. Most came through the port of New York City, and from 1892, through the immigration station on Ellis Island, but various ethnic groups settled in different locations. New York and other large cities of the East Coast became home to large Jewish, Irish, and Italian populations, while many Germans and Central Europeans moved to the Midwest, obtaining jobs in industry and mining. At the same time, about one million French Canadians migrated from Quebec to New England. The Great Migration, which began around 1910, resulted in millions of African Americans leaving the rural South for urban areas in the North.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "classical process",
            "source theory",
            "quantum electrodynamics",
            "fields"
        ],
        "sentence": "Schwinger, however, took a different route. For more than a decade he and his students had been nearly the only exponents of field theory, but in 1951 he found a way around the problem of the infinities with a new method using external sources as currents coupled to gauge fields. Motivated by the former findings, Schwinger kept pursuing this approach in order to \"quantumly\" generalize the classical process of coupling external forces to the configuration space parameters known as Lagrange multipliers. He summarized his source theory in 1966 then expanded the theory's applications to quantum electrodynamics in his three volume-set titled: Particles, Sources, and Fields. Developments in pion physics, in which the new viewpoint was most successfully applied, convinced him of the great advantages of mathematical simplicity and conceptual clarity that its use bestowed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "topological quantum computer",
            "anyons",
            "ion",
            "computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "A topological quantum computer decomposes computation into the braiding of anyons in a 2D lattice.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taconic State Park",
            "Robert Moses",
            "Long Island State Park Commission"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1925, Smith appointed Roosevelt to the Taconic State Park Commission, and his fellow commissioners chose him as chairman. In this role, he came into conflict with Robert Moses, a Smith prot\u00e9g\u00e9, who was the primary force behind the Long Island State Park Commission and the New York State Council of Parks. Roosevelt accused Moses of using the name recognition of prominent individuals including Roosevelt to win political support for state parks, but then diverting funds to the ones Moses favored on Long Island, while Moses worked to block the appointment of Howe to a salaried position as the Taconic commission's secretary. Roosevelt served on the commission until the end of 1928, and his contentious relationship with Moses continued as their careers progressed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "his death",
            "ruling triumvirate",
            "Lev Kamenev",
            "Grigory Zinoviev"
        ],
        "sentence": "During Lenin's illness and after his death in 1924, Stalin formed a ruling triumvirate with Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev, which broke apart in 1925."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Xerox Alto",
            "Xerox PARC",
            "mouse",
            "desktop metaphor",
            "graphical user interface",
            "Douglas Engelbart",
            "personal computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Xerox Alto, developed at Xerox PARC in 1973, was the first computer to use a mouse, the desktop metaphor, and a graphical user interface (GUI), concepts first introduced by Douglas Engelbart while at International. It was the first example of what would today be recognized as a complete personal computer. The first machines were introduced on 1 March 1973.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "complementary"
        ],
        "sentence": "Angles whose sum is a right angle are called complementary. Complementary angles are formed when a ray shares the same vertex and is pointed in a direction that is in between the two original rays that form the right angle. The number of rays in between the two original rays is infinite.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler described the war as \"the greatest of all experiences\", and was praised by his commanding officers for his bravery."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Patent applications",
            "theory of relativity",
            "special theory of relativity"
        ],
        "sentence": "Patent applications that landed on Einstein's desk for his evaluation included ideas for a gravel sorter and an electric typewriter. His employers were pleased enough with his work to make his position permanent in 1903, although they did not think that he should be promoted until he had \"fully mastered machine technology\". It is conceivable that his labors at the patent office had a bearing on his development of his special theory of relativity. He arrived at his revolutionary ideas about space, time and light through thought experiments about the transmission of signals and the synchronization of clocks, matters which also figured in some of the inventions submitted to him for assessment.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "peace",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "On the question of security, the Allies sought guarantees that would prevent or limit future wars, complete with sanctions, as a condition of any peace settlement."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Movie theaters",
            "cabarets",
            "theater"
        ],
        "sentence": "Movie theaters became popular entertainment venues and social hubs in the early 20th century, much like cabarets and other theaters.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Charles Ranhofer",
            "Delmonico's Restaurant",
            "New York",
            "Bob Payton",
            "pizza",
            "chefs"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some important 19th-century American chefs include Charles Ranhofer of Delmonico's Restaurant in New York, and Bob Payton, who is credited with bringing American-style pizza to the UK."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ceremonial orders",
            "Order of the White Lion",
            "Order of Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk",
            "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk",
            "ceremonial"
        ],
        "sentence": "Furthermore, the president, while in office, is entitled to wear the effects of the highest class of the Republic's two ceremonial orders, the Order of the White Lion and the Order of Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk. By the power of being inaugurated, the President becomes the holder of the highest class of both orders for the duration of his term in office as well as their supreme administrator. By convention, the Parliament allows a retiring President to remain a life-long member of both institutions, with the order decorations returning to the State upon the former President's death.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ottomar Ansch\u00fctz",
            "Electrotachyscope",
            "The Crystal Palace",
            "Chicago World's Fair",
            "Fred Ott's Sneeze",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1887, the German inventor and photographer Ottomar Ansch\u00fctz started presenting his chronophotographic recordings in motion, using a device he called the Elektrischen Schnellseher (also known as the Electrotachyscope), which displayed short loops on a small milk glass screen. By 1891, he had started mass production of a more economical, coin-operated peep-box viewing device of the same name that was exhibited at international exhibitions and fairs. Some machines were installed for longer periods, including some at The Crystal Palace in London, and in several U.S. stores. Shifting the focus of the medium from technical and scientific interest in motion to entertainment for the masses, he recorded wrestlers, dancers, acrobats, and scenes of everyday life. Nearly 34,000 people paid to see his shows at the Berlin Exhibition Park in summer 1892. Others saw it in London or at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.Though little evidence remains for most of these recordings, some scenes probably depicted staged comical scenes. Extant records suggest some of his output directly influenced later works by the Edison Company, such as the 1894 film Fred Ott's Sneeze.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "midget submarines"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Platform games",
            "Nintendo Entertainment System",
            "Star Wars",
            "Star Wars",
            "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back",
            "Super Star Wars",
            "Super Nintendo Entertainment System"
        ],
        "sentence": "Platform games were made for the Nintendo Entertainment System, including the Japan-exclusive Star Wars (1987), an international Star Wars (1991), and Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992). Super Star Wars (1992) was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, with two sequels over the next two years.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Great Purge",
            "Gulag",
            "forced labour camps",
            "Old Bolsheviks",
            "Red Army",
            "Bolshevik"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1936\u20131938, Stalin orchestrated the Great Purge, in which more than a million were imprisoned, largely in the Gulag system of forced labour camps, and at least 700,000 executed, including many Old Bolsheviks and Red Army officers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hawaii",
            "Philippines",
            "sphere of influence"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan had been wary of American territorial and military expansion in the Pacific and Asia since the late 1890s, followed by the annexation of islands, such as Hawaii and the Philippines, which they felt were close to or within their sphere of influence."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Albania",
            "Battle of Kosovo",
            "Battle of Mojkovac",
            "Montenegro",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Central Powers",
            "Adriatic",
            "Serbia",
            "Greece"
        ],
        "sentence": "Bulgaria declared war on Serbia on 14 October 1915 and joined in the attack by the Austro-Hungarian army under Mackensen's army of 250,000 that was already underway. Serbia was conquered in a little more than a month, as the Central Powers, now including Bulgaria, sent in 600,000 troops total. The Serbian army, fighting on two fronts and facing certain defeat, retreated into northern Albania. The Serbs suffered defeat in the Battle of Kosovo. Montenegro covered the Serbian retreat towards the Adriatic coast in the Battle of Mojkovac in 6\u20137 January 1916, but ultimately the Austrians also conquered Montenegro. The surviving Serbian soldiers were evacuated by ship to Greece. After conquest, Serbia was divided between Austro-Hungary and Bulgaria.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "France",
            "Britain and France",
            "Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "When negotiations with Britain and France failed, they turned to Germany and signed the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact in August 1939."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "state",
            "data"
        ],
        "sentence": "The issue of whether or not it is appropriate to apply different kinds of statistical methods to data obtained from different kinds of measurement procedures is complicated by issues concerning the transformation of variables and the precise interpretation of research questions. \"The relationship between the data and what they describe merely reflects the fact that certain kinds of statistical statements may have truth values which are not invariant under some transformations. Whether or not a transformation is sensible to contemplate depends on the question one is trying to answer.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Politburo"
        ],
        "sentence": "In November 1929 Stalin removed him from the Politburo."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Werner Heisenberg"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hahn stated that he had not believed an atomic weapon \"would be possible for another twenty years\"; Werner Heisenberg did not believe the news at first."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lushan Conference",
            "Peng Dehuai",
            "Great Leap Forward",
            "Korean War",
            "prison labour"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the Lushan Conference in July/August 1959, several ministers expressed concern that the Great Leap Forward had not proved as successful as planned. The most direct of these was Minister of Defence and Korean War veteran General Peng Dehuai. Following Peng's criticism of the Great Leap Forward, Mao orchestrated a purge of Peng and his supporters, stifling criticism of the Great Leap policies. Senior officials who reported the truth of the famine to Mao were branded as \"right opportunists.\" A campaign against right-wing opportunism was launched and resulted in party members and ordinary peasants being sent to prison labour camps where many would subsequently die in the famine. Years later the CCP would conclude that as many as six million people were wrongly punished in the campaign.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "eye sockets",
            "canine teeth",
            "vertebrae",
            "spinal cord",
            "paralysis",
            "mammals",
            "domestic",
            "mammal",
            "skull"
        ],
        "sentence": "The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large eye sockets and a powerful specialized jaw. Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and tearing meat. When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long canine teeth, inserting them between two of the prey's vertebrae and severing its spinal cord, causing irreversible paralysis and death. Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly spaced canine teeth relative to the size of their jaw, which is an adaptation to their preferred prey of small rodents, which have small vertebrae.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Michael Rosen",
            "Anthony Holden",
            "The Observer",
            "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban",
            "1999 Whitbread Awards",
            "Ursula K. Le Guin",
            "school novel",
            "Fay Weldon",
            "J. K. Rowling",
            "theme",
            "Harry Potter",
            "fantasy",
            "children",
            "age group"
        ],
        "sentence": "Michael Rosen, a novelist and poet, advocated the books were not suited for children, as they would be unable to grasp the complex themes. Rosen also stated that \"J. K. Rowling is more of an adult writer.\" The critic Anthony Holden wrote in The Observer on his experience of judging Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban for the 1999 Whitbread Awards. His overall view of the series was negative \u2013 \"the Potter saga was essentially patronising, conservative, highly derivative, dispiritingly nostalgic for a bygone Britain\", and he speaks of \"a pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style\". Ursula K. Le Guin said, \"I have no great opinion of it [...] it seemed a lively kid's fantasy crossed with a 'school novel,' good fare for its age group, but stylistically ordinary, imaginatively derivative, and ethically rather mean-spirited.\" By contrast, author Fay Weldon, while admitting that the series is \"not what the poets hoped for\", nevertheless goes on to say, \"but this is not poetry, it is readable, saleable, everyday, useful prose\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Federal Reserve"
        ],
        "sentence": "Therefore, by the time the Federal Reserve tightened in 1928 it was far too late to prevent an economic contraction."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quasiparticle",
            "phonons",
            "photons",
            "quasiparticles",
            "action"
        ],
        "sentence": "Soon after the introduction of photons, Einstein performed the quantization procedure on vibrations in a crystal, leading to the first quasiparticle\u2014phonons. Lev Landau claimed that low-energy excitations in many condensed matter systems could be described in terms of interactions between a set of quasiparticles. The Feynman diagram method of QFT was naturally well suited to the analysis of various phenomena in condensed matter systems.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "real analysis",
            "real numbers",
            "complex analysis",
            "complex numbers",
            "variables",
            "numbers",
            "analysis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Analysis is further subdivided into real analysis, where variables represent real numbers, and complex analysis, where variables represent complex numbers. Analysis includes many subareas shared by other areas of mathematics which include:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia",
            "Italy",
            "Romanian Volunteer Corps",
            "Romania",
            "Transylvania",
            "Romanians",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Transylvanian and Bukovinian Romanians who were taken prisoners of war fought as the Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia, Romanian Legion of Siberia and Romanian Legion in Italy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deep neural networks",
            "GPUs",
            "OpenAI",
            "deep learning",
            "neural network",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks (a particular narrow subdomain of machine learning) that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units. By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI. OpenAI estimated the hardware computing used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nikolay Chernyshevsky"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin joined a forbidden book club at the school; he was particularly influenced by Nikolay Chernyshevsky's 1863 pro-revolutionary novel <a href=\"/wiki/What_Is_to_Be_Done%3F_(novel)\" title=\"What Is to Be Done?"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pure mathematics"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other areas are developed independently from any application (and are therefore called pure mathematics), but often later find practical applications."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bolshevik"
        ],
        "sentence": "His use of state violence and terror was at a greater scale than most Bolshevik leaders approved of; for instance, he ordered several villages to be torched to ensure compliance with his food procurement program."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Benito Mussolini",
            "Italian",
            "Italy",
            "Kingdom of Italy",
            "Italian Fascist",
            "Italian Social Republic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini formed the Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana in Italian) on 23 September 1943, succeeding the Kingdom of Italy as a member of the Axis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "BBC",
            "greatest Briton of all time",
            "Isambard Kingdom Brunel"
        ],
        "sentence": "An indication of Churchill's high esteem in the UK is the result of the 2002 BBC poll, attracting 447,423 votes, in which he was voted the greatest Briton of all time, his nearest rival being Isambard Kingdom Brunel some 56,000 votes behind."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "NATO",
            "national security",
            "Organization of American States",
            "United States\u2013Mexico\u2013Canada Free Trade Agreement",
            "military",
            "Americas",
            "U.S.",
            "Canada"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. works closely with its NATO allies on military and national security issues, and with nations in the Americas through the Organization of American States and the United States\u2013Mexico\u2013Canada Free Trade Agreement."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "three major outbreaks of violence",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Between 1919 and 1921, three major outbreaks of violence took place between German and Polish civilians, resulting in German and Polish military forces also becoming involved."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "restricted by visas",
            "Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index",
            "Malta",
            "New Zealand",
            "World Tourism Organization",
            "Visa Waiver Program",
            "countries",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Czech passport is restricted by visas. According to the 2018 Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index, Czech citizens have visa-free access to 173 countries, which ranks them 7th along with Malta and New Zealand. The World Tourism Organization ranks the Czech passport 24th. The US Visa Waiver Program applies to Czech nationals.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Clementine Hozier",
            "St Margaret's, Westminster",
            "Baveno",
            "Veve\u0159\u00ed Castle",
            "Moravia",
            "Eccleston Square",
            "Diana"
        ],
        "sentence": "In private life, Churchill proposed marriage to Clementine Hozier; they were married on 12 September 1908 at St Margaret's, Westminster and honeymooned in Baveno, Venice, and Veve\u0159\u00ed Castle in Moravia. They lived at 33 Eccleston Square, London, and their first daughter, Diana, was born in July 1909. Churchill and Clementine were married for over 56 years until his death. The success of his marriage was important to Churchill's career as Clementine's unbroken affection provided him with a secure and happy background.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Helmut Br\u00fcmmer-Patzig",
            "Free City of Danzig",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U-boat captain, Helmut Br\u00fcmmer-Patzig, was charged with war crimes in Germany following the war, but escaped prosecution by going to the Free City of Danzig, beyond the jurisdiction of German courts."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Champagne",
            "Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge"
        ],
        "sentence": "The following week, co-operating American and French units broke through in Champagne at the Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge, forcing the Germans off the commanding heights, and closing towards the Belgian frontier."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "hyperinflation",
            "government spending"
        ],
        "sentence": "The government did not increase government spending to deal with Germany's growing crisis, as they were afraid that a high-spending policy could lead to a return of the hyperinflation that had affected Germany in 1923."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nippon Eigasha",
            "Hiroshima",
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "Motion picture company Nippon Eigasha started sending cameramen to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in September 1945."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Colonel",
            "David M. Dennison",
            "John von Neumann",
            "Robert R. Wilson",
            "William Penney",
            "Manhattan Project"
        ],
        "sentence": "Groves formed a Target Committee, chaired by himself, that included Farrell, Major John A. Derry, Colonel William P. Fisher, Joyce C. Stearns and David M. Dennison from the USAAF; and scientists John von Neumann, Robert R. Wilson and William Penney from the Manhattan Project."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "symmetric federal",
            "semi-presidential system",
            "president",
            "head of state",
            "prime minister",
            "head of government",
            "multi-party",
            "representative democracy",
            "democracy",
            "federal",
            "constitution"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia, by 1993 constitution, is a symmetric federal republic with a semi-presidential system, wherein the president is the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. It is structured as a multi-party representative democracy, with the federal government composed of three branches:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tokugawa Ieyasu",
            "regent",
            "Toyotomi Hideyori",
            "Battle of Sekigahara",
            "Emperor Go-Y\u014dzei",
            "Tokugawa shogunate",
            "Edo",
            "buke shohatto",
            "sakoku",
            "Edo period",
            "roads",
            "futures contracts",
            "Osaka rice brokers",
            "rangaku",
            "Nagasaki",
            "kokugaku",
            "Tokyo",
            "Osaka",
            "sh\u014dgun",
            "Japanese",
            "daimy\u014d"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori and used his position to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He was appointed sh\u014dgun by Emperor Go-Y\u014dzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The shogunate enacted measures including buke shohatto, as a code of conduct to control the autonomous daimy\u014d, and in 1639 the isolationist sakoku (\"closed country\") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period (1603\u20131868). Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers. The study of Western sciences (rangaku) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in Nagasaki. The Edo period gave rise to kokugaku (\"national studies\"), the study of Japan by the Japanese.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
            "top-fermenting yeast",
            "clumps",
            "esters",
            "banana",
            "top-fermenting",
            "yeast"
        ],
        "sentence": "Top-fermented beers are most commonly produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a top-fermenting yeast which clumps and rises to the surface, typically between 15 and 25\u00a0\u00b0C (59 and 77\u00a0\u00b0F). At these temperatures, yeast produces significant amounts of esters and other secondary flavour and aroma products, and the result is often a beer with slightly \"fruity\" compounds resembling apple, pear, pineapple, banana, plum, or prune, among others.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Interstate Highway System",
            "Alaska",
            "Hawaii",
            "states",
            "state"
        ],
        "sentence": "The construction of an Interstate Highway System transformed the nation's transportation infrastructure, and Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states, expanding the country's borders."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Obesity",
            "alcohol consumption rate",
            "one of the world's highest",
            "Smoking",
            "high suicide rate",
            "on the decline",
            "Ob"
        ],
        "sentence": "The principal cause of death in Russia are cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a prevalent health issue in Russia; most adults are overweight or obese. However, Russia's historically high alcohol consumption rate is the biggest health issue in the country, as it remains one of the world's highest, despite a stark decrease in the last decade. Smoking is another health issue in the country.  The country's high suicide rate, although on the decline, remains a significant social issue.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Irish War of Independence",
            "Black and Tans"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the Irish War of Independence, he supported the use of the paramilitary Black and Tans to combat Irish revolutionaries."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "humid continental climate"
        ],
        "sentence": "The size of Russia and the remoteness of many of its areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate throughout most of the country, except for the tundra and the extreme southwest."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ack-ack",
            "Enola Gay"
        ],
        "sentence": "Enola Gay stayed over the target area for two minutes and was 16 kilometers (10\u00a0mi) away when the bomb detonated. Only Tibbets, Parsons, and Ferebee knew of the nature of the weapon; the others on the bomber were only told to expect a blinding flash and given black goggles. \"It was hard to believe what we saw\", Tibbets told reporters, while Parsons said \"the whole thing was tremendous and awe-inspiring\u00a0... the men aboard with me gasped 'My God'.\" He and Tibbets compared the shockwave to \"a close burst of ack-ack fire\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "philosophical",
            "science"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is still a philosophical debate whether mathematics is a science."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The essence of his view was that, though the Soviet Union did not want war with the western Allies, its entrenched position in Eastern Europe had made it impossible for the three great powers to provide the world with a \"triangular leadership\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "federal",
            "U.S."
        ],
        "sentence": "There are about 18000 U.S. police agencies from local to federal level in the United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "HMHS\u00a0Llandovery Castle",
            "SM U-86",
            "Helmut Br\u00fcmmer-Patzig",
            "Free City of Danzig",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Canadian hospital ship HMHS\u00a0Llandovery Castle was torpedoed by the German submarine SM U-86 on 27 June 1918 in violation of international law. Only 24 of the 258 medical personnel, patients, and crew survived. Survivors reported that the U-boat surfaced and ran down the lifeboats, machine-gunning survivors in the water. The U-boat captain, Helmut Br\u00fcmmer-Patzig, was charged with war crimes in Germany following the war, but escaped prosecution by going to the Free City of Danzig, beyond the jurisdiction of German courts.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kuma\u2013Manych Depression",
            "Peter Simon Pallas",
            "Caspian Sea",
            "Black Sea",
            "continent",
            "continents"
        ],
        "sentence": "To the south, the Kuma\u2013Manych Depression was identified c.\u20091773 by a German naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bell's inequality",
            "subtly transmitted",
            "polarization",
            "spin",
            "quantum mechanics",
            "particles"
        ],
        "sentence": "Later, however, the counterintuitive predictions of quantum mechanics were verified in tests where polarization or spin of entangled particles were measured at separate locations, statistically violating Bell's inequality. In earlier tests, it could not be ruled out that the result at one point could have been subtly transmitted to the remote point, affecting the outcome at the second location. However, so-called \"loophole-free\" Bell tests have since been performed where the locations were sufficiently separated that communications at the speed of light would have taken longer\u2014in one case, 10,000 times longer\u2014than the interval between the measurements.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "inverse problems",
            "denoising",
            "super-resolution",
            "inpainting",
            "film colorization",
            "Deep Image Prior"
        ],
        "sentence": "Deep learning has been successfully applied to inverse problems such as denoising, super-resolution, inpainting, and film colorization. These applications include learning methods such as \"Shrinkage Fields for Effective Image Restoration\" which trains on an image dataset, and Deep Image Prior, which trains on the image that needs restoration.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bayesian optimization",
            "hyperparameter optimization",
            "model",
            "optimization"
        ],
        "sentence": "Gaussian processes are popular surrogate models in Bayesian optimization used to do hyperparameter optimization.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bette Davis",
            "Katharine Hepburn",
            "Jackie Cooper",
            "Michael Jackson",
            "Farrah Fawcett",
            "Elizabeth Taylor",
            "Charles Aznavour",
            "Richard Pryor",
            "Ricardo Montalb\u00e1n",
            "James Doohan",
            "Frank Sinatra",
            "Robin Williams",
            "Joan Rivers",
            "George Harrison",
            "Aretha Franklin",
            "Stan Lee",
            "Betty White",
            "Hollywood"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing flower wreaths at the stars of newly deceased awardees; for example, Bette Davis in 1989, Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011. The stars of other deceased celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Elizabeth Taylor, Charles Aznavour, Richard Pryor, Ricardo Montalb\u00e1n, James Doohan, Frank Sinatra, Robin Williams, Joan Rivers, George Harrison, Aretha Franklin, Stan Lee, and Betty White have become impromptu memorial and vigil sites as well, and some continue to receive anniversary remembrances.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "consonant",
            "Lennon and McCartney",
            "rock",
            "Ian MacDonald",
            "pop",
            "exi"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ian MacDonald describes McCartney as \"a natural melodist \u2013 a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony\". His melody lines are characterised as primarily \"vertical\", employing wide, consonant intervals which express his \"extrovert energy and optimism\". Conversely, Lennon's \"sedentary, ironic personality\" is reflected in a \"horizontal\" approach featuring minimal, dissonant intervals and repetitive melodies which rely on their harmonic accompaniment for interest: \"Basically a realist, he instinctively kept his melodies close to the rhythms and cadences of speech, colouring his lyrics with bluesy tone and harmony rather than creating tunes that made striking shapes of their own.\" MacDonald praises Harrison's lead guitar work for the role his \"characterful lines and textural colourings\" play in supporting Lennon and McCartney's parts, and describes Starr as \"the father of modern pop/rock drumming\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mississippi River",
            "Canada",
            "Florida"
        ],
        "sentence": "American sovereignty gained international recognition, and the new nation took possession of substantial territory east of the Mississippi River, from what is present-day Canada in the north and Florida in the south."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "General Strike of 1926",
            "British Gazette"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the General Strike of 1926, Churchill edited the British Gazette, the government's anti-strike propaganda newspaper."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Labatt",
            "Molson",
            "North Vancouver",
            "Victoria",
            "beer",
            "pub"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the early 1980s, 97% of Canadian beer was produced by Labatt and Molson. The first microbrewery was the short-lived Horseshoe Bay Brewery, which was opened in 1981 by Frank Appleton and John Mitchell next to the Troller Pub in North Vancouver. It closed after a year, but Mitchell and Appleton, along with Paul Hadfield, opened the Spinnaker Brewpub in Victoria in 1984.  A number of other microbreweries subsequently opened between 1984 and 1987, including Granville Island (Vancouver), Big Rock (Calgary), Brick (Waterloo, Ontario), Upper Canada (Toronto), and Wellington County (Guelph, Ontario).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "nonlinear system identification",
            "face identification",
            "handwritten text recognition",
            "data mining",
            "e-mail spam",
            "decision making"
        ],
        "sentence": "Application areas of ANNs include nonlinear system identification and control (vehicle control, process control), game-playing and decision making (backgammon, chess, racing), pattern recognition (radar systems, face identification, object recognition), sequence recognition (gesture, speech, handwritten text recognition), medical diagnosis, financial applications, data mining (or knowledge discovery in databases, \"KDD\"), visualization and e-mail spam filtering. For example, it is possible to create a semantic profile of user's interests emerging from pictures trained for object recognition.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "instrument of surrender",
            "ending the war"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender on 2 September, effectively ending the war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bosintang",
            "gi",
            "scallions",
            "Korea"
        ],
        "sentence": "The most popular Korean dog dish is called bosintang, a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months. Followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or the body's vital energy. A 19th-century version of bosintang explains that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots. While the dishes are still prevalent in Korea with a segment of the population, dog is not as widely consumed as beef, pork and chicken.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Peter Parler",
            "Benedikt Rejt",
            "Jan Santini Aichel",
            "Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer",
            "Josef Fanta",
            "Josef Hl\u00e1vka",
            "Josef Go\u010d\u00e1r",
            "Pavel Jan\u00e1k",
            "Jan Kot\u011bra",
            "V\u011bra Machoninov\u00e1",
            "Karel Prager",
            "Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek",
            "Jan Kaplick\u00fd",
            "Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1",
            "Josef Pleskot",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "Influential Czech architects include Peter Parler, Benedikt Rejt, Jan Santini Aichel, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Josef Fanta, Josef Hl\u00e1vka, Josef Go\u010d\u00e1r, Pavel Jan\u00e1k, Jan Kot\u011bra, V\u011bra Machoninov\u00e1, Karel Prager, Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek, Jan Kaplick\u00fd, Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 or Josef Pleskot.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Andalus",
            "Narcissus",
            "Alexandria",
            "Tulipa sylvestris"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Moorish Andalus, a \"Makedonian bulb\" (basal al-maqdunis) or \"bucket-Narcissus\" (naryis qadusi) was cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens. It was supposed to have come from Alexandria and may have been Tulipa sylvestris, but the identification is not wholly secure.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pl",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "1930 unemployment on the island was roughly 36% and by 1933 Puerto Rico's per capita income dropped 30% (by comparison, unemployment in the United States in 1930 was approximately 8% reaching a height of 25% in 1933)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Verdun",
            "successful offensive against Romania",
            "Germany",
            "Allies",
            "offensive",
            "Romania",
            "Verdun",
            "peace"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 12 December 1916, after ten brutal months of the Battle of Verdun and a successful offensive against Romania, Germany attempted to negotiate a peace with the Allies. However, this attempt was rejected out of hand as a \"duplicitous war ruse\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "campaigns",
            "treaties",
            "continental Europe",
            "Italy",
            "Japan",
            "Axis",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "sine",
            "cosine",
            "infinite series",
            "approximation",
            "India"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other notable developments of Indian mathematics include the modern definition and approximation of sine and cosine, and an early form of infinite series."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Michael Jackson's Ghosts",
            "Stephen King",
            "Stan Winston",
            "Cannes Film Festival",
            "Pharrell Williams",
            "Happy",
            "You Rock My World",
            "Paul Hunter",
            "Chris Tucker",
            "Marlon Brando",
            "NAACP Image Award",
            "Marlon",
            "Michael"
        ],
        "sentence": "Michael Jackson's Ghosts, a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. At over 38 minutes long, it held the Guinness world record for the longest music video until 2013, when it was eclipsed by the video for the Pharrell Williams song \"Happy\". The 2001 video for \"You Rock My World\" lasts over 13 minutes, was directed by Paul Hunter, and features Chris Tucker and Marlon Brando. It won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video in 2002.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "racial equality",
            "League of Nations"
        ],
        "sentence": "They solicited support especially from the American delegation to obtain recognition for the principle of racial equality at the League of Nations Commission."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "stateful",
            "dataflow",
            "graphs",
            "tensors",
            "Google I/O Conference",
            "GitHub",
            "Jeff Dean",
            "Google",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "TensorFlow computations are expressed as stateful dataflow graphs. The name TensorFlow derives from the operations that such neural networks perform on multidimensional data arrays, which are referred to as tensors. During the Google I/O Conference in June 2016, Jeff Dean stated that 1,500 repositories on GitHub mentioned TensorFlow, of which only 5 were from Google.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "XXI Bomber Command",
            "Kyoto"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was the second largest city in Japan after Kyoto that was still undamaged by air raids, primarily because it lacked the aircraft manufacturing industry that was the XXI Bomber Command's priority target."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Zl\u00edn Region",
            "\u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region"
        ],
        "sentence": "The proportion of religious believers varies significantly across the country, from 55% in Zl\u00edn Region to 16% in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "semiconductors",
            "floating-gate",
            "field-effect transistors"
        ],
        "sentence": "Atomically thin semiconductors are considered promising for energy-efficient deep learning hardware where the same basic device structure is used for both logic operations and data storage.\nIn 2020, Marega et al. published experiments with a large-area active channel material for developing logic-in-memory devices and circuits based on floating-gate field-effect transistors (FGFETs).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Crown Holdings",
            "FIFA World Cup",
            "\"skunked\"",
            "PET"
        ],
        "sentence": "Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture' can, so named because the entire lid is removed during the opening process, turning the can into a drinking cup. Cans protect the beer from light (thereby preventing \"skunked\" beer) and have a seal less prone to leaking over time than bottles. Cans were initially viewed as a technological breakthrough for maintaining the quality of a beer, then became commonly associated with less expensive, mass-produced beers, even though the quality of storage in cans is much like bottles. Plastic (PET) bottles are used by some breweries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gross domestic product (GDP)",
            "Great Recession",
            "World War II",
            "personal income"
        ],
        "sentence": "Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% and in some countries rose as high as 33%.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "factors of production"
        ],
        "sentence": "The liquidationist position held that a depression worked to liquidate failed businesses and investments that had been made obsolete by technological development \u2013 releasing factors of production (capital and labor) to be redeployed in other more productive sectors of the dynamic economy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum field theory",
            "created and destroyed",
            "space and time",
            "antiparticle",
            "relativistic quantum mechanics",
            "quantum mechanics"
        ],
        "sentence": "On the other hand, the existence of antiparticles leads to the conclusion that relativistic quantum mechanics is not enough for a more accurate and complete theory of particle interactions. Instead, a theory of particles interpreted as quantized fields, called quantum field theory, becomes necessary; in which particles can be created and destroyed throughout space and time.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Denmark was occupied by Germany after April 1940 and never joined the Axis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "market share"
        ],
        "sentence": "The total market share of the small breweries is less than 1%. 638 of them have a production even less than 1,000 hl (26,417.2 US gal.) p.a. and can be considered as microbreweries in a narrow sense. The figures apply to commercial breweries only and do not include hobby brewing.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Stephen Moylan",
            "Continental Army",
            "George Washington",
            "Joseph Reed",
            "aide-de-camp"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first documentary evidence of the phrase \"United States of America\" dates back to a letter from January 2, 1776, written by Stephen Moylan, a Continental Army aide to General George Washington, to Joseph Reed, Washington's aide-de-camp."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Upton Sinclair",
            "Charlie Chaplin"
        ],
        "sentence": "This aversion to war also led Einstein to befriend author Upton Sinclair and film star Charlie Chaplin, both noted for their pacifism."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Homer N. Wallin"
        ],
        "sentence": "After a systematic search for survivors, Captain Homer N. Wallin was ordered to lead a formal salvage operation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Roosevelt years",
            "New Deal",
            "reflation",
            "Banking Act of 1935",
            "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933",
            "National Labor Relations Act of 1935",
            "John Maynard Keynes"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is no consensus among economists regarding the motive force for the U.S. economic expansion that continued through most of the Roosevelt years (and the 1937 recession that interrupted it). The common view among most economists is that Roosevelt's New Deal policies either caused or accelerated the recovery, although his policies were never aggressive enough to bring the economy completely out of recession. Some economists have also called attention to the positive effects from expectations of reflation and rising nominal interest rates that Roosevelt's words and actions portended. It was the rollback of those same reflationary policies that led to the interruption of a recession beginning in late 1937. One contributing policy that reversed reflation was the Banking Act of 1935, which effectively raised reserve requirements, causing a monetary contraction that helped to thwart the recovery. GDP returned to its upward trend in 1938. A revisionist view among some economists holds that the New Deal prolonged the Great Depression, as they argue that National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 and National Labor Relations Act of 1935 restricted competition and established price fixing. John Maynard Keynes did not think that the New Deal under Roosevelt single-handedly ended the Great Depression: \"It is, it seems, politically impossible for a capitalistic democracy to organize expenditure on the scale necessary to make the grand experiments which would prove my case\u2014except in war conditions.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mediterranean Sea",
            "art",
            "Mediterranean"
        ],
        "sentence": "The large water masses of the Mediterranean Sea, which equalise the temperatures on an annual and daily average, are also of particular importance."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Blomberg\u2013Fritsch affair",
            "Werner von Blomberg",
            "Werner von Fritsch",
            "Schutzstaffel",
            "Wehrmacht",
            "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht",
            "Wilhelm Keitel",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "In early 1938, Hitler used blackmail to consolidate his hold over the military by instigating the Blomberg\u2013Fritsch affair. Hitler forced his War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, to resign by using a police dossier that showed that Blomberg's new wife had a record for prostitution. Army commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch was removed after the Schutzstaffel (SS) produced allegations that he had engaged in a homosexual relationship. Both men had fallen into disfavour because they objected to Hitler's demand to make the Wehrmacht ready for war as early as 1938. Hitler assumed Blomberg's title of Commander-in-Chief, thus taking personal command of the armed forces. He replaced the Ministry of War with the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), headed by General Wilhelm Keitel. On the same day, sixteen generals were stripped of their commands and 44 more were transferred; all were suspected of not being sufficiently pro-Nazi. By early February 1938, twelve more generals had been removed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "astrology",
            "astronomy",
            "Saint Augustine",
            "Latin"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Latin, and in English until around 1700, the term mathematics more commonly meant \"astrology\" (or sometimes \"astronomy\") rather than \"mathematics\"; the meaning gradually changed to its present one from about 1500 to 1800. This change has resulted in several mistranslations: For example, Saint Augustine's warning that Christians should beware of mathematici, meaning \"astrologers\", is sometimes mistranslated as a condemnation of mathematicians.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the RAF air base",
            "Habbaniyah",
            "entering and conquering Syria",
            "government-in-exile",
            "Italian",
            "Free French",
            "Vichy",
            "Italy",
            "Syria",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hostilities between the Iraqi and British forces began on 2 May 1941, with heavy fighting at the RAF air base in Habbaniyah. The Germans and Italians dispatched aircraft and aircrew to Iraq utilizing Vichy French bases in Syria; this led to Australian, British, Indian and Free French forces entering and conquering Syria in June and July. With the advance of British and Indian forces on Baghdad, Iraqi military resistance ended by 31 May 1941. Rashid Ali and the Mufti of Jerusalem fled to Iran, then Turkey, Italy, and finally Germany, where Ali was welcomed by Hitler as head of the Iraqi government-in-exile in Berlin.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "correlation",
            "position"
        ],
        "sentence": "(In fact similar paradoxes can arise even without entanglement: the position of a single particle is spread out over space, and two widely separated detectors attempting to detect the particle in two different places must instantaneously attain appropriate correlation, so that they do not both detect the particle.)\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Edwin O. Reischauer",
            "U.S. Army Intelligence Service",
            "Kyoto"
        ],
        "sentence": "Edwin O. Reischauer, a Japan expert for the U.S. Army Intelligence Service, was incorrectly said to have prevented the bombing of Kyoto. In his autobiography, Reischauer specifically refuted this claim:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Petrograd Soviet",
            "soviets"
        ],
        "sentence": "An alternative socialist establishment co-existed, the Petrograd Soviet, wielding power through the democratically elected councils of workers and peasants, called soviets."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sheldon Glashow",
            "Abdus Salam",
            "John Clive Ward",
            "gauge theory",
            "weak interaction",
            "action",
            "weak"
        ],
        "sentence": "Sheldon Glashow developed a non-Abelian gauge theory that unified the electromagnetic and weak interactions in 1960. In 1964, Abdus Salam and John Clive Ward arrived at the same theory through a different path. This theory, nevertheless, was non-renormalizable.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "chatbot",
            "fairness",
            "Fei-Fei Li",
            "Google",
            "model",
            "artificial intelligence",
            "training data"
        ],
        "sentence": "Machine learning approaches in particular can suffer from different data biases. A machine learning system trained specifically on current customers may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data. When trained on human-made data, machine learning is likely to pick up the constitutional and unconscious biases already present in society. Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases. Machine learning systems used for criminal risk assessment have been found to be biased against black people. In 2015, Google photos would often tag black people as gorillas, and in 2018 this still was not well resolved, but Google reportedly was still using the workaround to remove all gorillas from the training data, and thus was not able to recognize real gorillas at all. Similar issues with recognizing non-white people have been found in many other systems. In 2016, Microsoft tested a chatbot that learned from Twitter, and it quickly picked up racist and sexist language. Because of such challenges, the effective use of machine learning may take longer to be adopted in other domains. Concern for fairness in machine learning, that is, reducing bias in machine learning and propelling its use for human good is increasingly expressed by artificial intelligence scientists, including Fei-Fei Li, who reminds engineers that \"There's nothing artificial about AI...It's inspired by people, it's created by people, and\u2014most importantly\u2014it impacts people. It is a powerful tool we are only just beginning to understand, and that is a profound responsibility.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Credit Corporation"
        ],
        "sentence": "But bankers were reluctant to invest in failing banks, and the National Credit Corporation did almost nothing to address the problem."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "La Brea Avenue",
            "Sunset Boulevard",
            "Sunset Strip",
            "TCL Chinese Theatre",
            "Queen Mary",
            "Los Angeles County Museum of Art",
            "Los Angeles County",
            "Hollywood",
            "Vine Street",
            "Hollywood Boulevard"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Walk of Fame runs 1.3 miles (2.1\u00a0km) east to west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Gower Street to the Hollywood and La Brea Gateway at La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment on Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood Boulevard and La Brea; and 0.4 miles (0.64\u00a0km) north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by the market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors annually\u2014more than the Sunset Strip, the TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art combined\u2014and has played an important role in making tourism the largest industry in Los Angeles County.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Canonical quantization",
            "path integrals",
            "classical field theory",
            "field"
        ],
        "sentence": "Canonical quantization and path integrals are two common formulations of QFT. To motivate the fundamentals of QFT, an overview of classical field theory follows.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "offensive"
        ],
        "sentence": "The most significant factor in creating the support Wilson needed was the German submarine offensive, which not only cost American lives, but paralysed trade as ships were reluctant to put to sea."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lessing",
            "epigram",
            "Archimedes",
            "Eratosthenes",
            "Archimedes's cattle problem",
            "Pell's equation",
            "Indian school"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1773, Lessing published an epigram he had found in a manuscript during his work as a librarian; it claimed to be a letter sent by Archimedes to Eratosthenes. The epigram proposed what has become known as\nArchimedes's cattle problem; its solution (absent from the manuscript) requires solving an indeterminate quadratic equation (which reduces to what would later be misnamed Pell's equation). As far as we know, such equations were first successfully treated by the Indian school. It is not known whether Archimedes himself had a method of solution.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "have no language",
            "suffering"
        ],
        "sentence": "Scientific publications have made it clear since the 1980s that the majority of researchers do believe animals suffer and feel pain, though it continues to be argued that their suffering may be reduced by an inability to experience the same dread of anticipation as humans or to remember the suffering as vividly. The ability of animals to suffer, even it may vary in severity, is the basis for Singer's application of equal consideration. The problem of animal suffering, and animal consciousness in general, arose primarily because it was argued that animals have no language. Singer writes that, if language were needed to communicate pain, it would often be impossible to know when humans are in pain, though we can observe pain behavior and make a calculated guess based on it. He argues that there is no reason to suppose that the pain behavior of nonhumans would have a different meaning from the pain behavior of humans.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Arctic Russia",
            "Mamontovaya Kurya"
        ],
        "sentence": "Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Swedish film industry",
            "Charles Magnusson",
            "Svenskabiografteatern",
            "Victor Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m",
            "Mauritz Stiller",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Swedish film industry was smaller and slower to get started than the Danish industry. Here, Charles Magnusson, a newsreel cameraman for the Svenskabiografteatern cinema chain, started fiction film production for them in 1909, directing a number of the films himself. Production increased in 1912, when the company engaged Victor Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m and Mauritz Stiller as directors. They started out by imitating the subjects favoured by the Danish film industry, but by 1913 they were producing their own strikingly original work, which sold very well.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Brunswick School",
            "Hove"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1884, he transferred to Brunswick School in Hove, where his academic performance improved."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Franck Report",
            "James Franck",
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "The possibility of a demonstration was raised again in the Franck Report issued by physicist James Franck on 11 June and the Scientific Advisory Panel rejected his report on 16 June, saying that \"we can propose no technical demonstration likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to direct military use.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hitler adopted a mainly vegetarian diet"
        ],
        "sentence": "Sometime in the 1930s, Hitler adopted a mainly vegetarian diet, avoiding all meat and fish from 1942 onwards."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "NBC",
            "The Milton Berle Show",
            "USS Hancock",
            "residency",
            "New Frontier Hotel and Casino",
            "Las Vegas Strip",
            "Newsweek",
            "Paramount Pictures",
            "Midwest",
            "Freddie Bell and the Bellboys",
            "Hound Dog",
            "Big Mama Thornton",
            "Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller",
            "pop",
            "cover",
            "Nashville",
            "Las Vegas",
            "Heartbreak Hotel",
            "blues"
        ],
        "sentence": "On April 3, Presley made the first of two appearances on NBC's The Milton Berle Show. His performance, on the deck of the USS Hancock in San Diego, California, prompted cheers and screams from an audience of sailors and their dates. A few days later, a flight taking Presley and his band to Nashville for a recording session left all three badly shaken when an engine died and the plane almost went down over Arkansas. Twelve weeks after its original release, \"Heartbreak Hotel\" became Presley's first number-one pop hit. In late April he began a two-week residency at the New Frontier Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The shows were poorly received by the conservative, middle-aged hotel guests\u2014\"like a jug of corn liquor at a champagne party\", wrote a critic for Newsweek. Amid his Vegas tenure, Presley, who had serious acting ambitions, signed a seven-year contract with Paramount Pictures. He began a tour of the Midwest in mid-May, taking in fifteen cities in as many days. He had attended several shows by Freddie Bell and the Bellboys in Vegas and was struck by their cover of \"Hound Dog\", a hit in 1953 for blues singer Big Mama Thornton by songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It became the new closing number of his act.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Happy Monday System"
        ],
        "sentence": "Beginning in 2000, Japan implemented the Happy Monday System, which moved a number of national holidays to Monday in order to obtain a long weekend."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "a major airborne operation",
            "the Netherlands",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "An attempt to advance into northern Germany spearheaded by a major airborne operation in the Netherlands failed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "word embedding",
            "word2vec",
            "vector space",
            "probabilistic context free grammar",
            "constituency parsing",
            "sentiment analysis",
            "named-entity recognition",
            "probabilistic",
            "machine translation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other key techniques in this field are negative sampling and word embedding. Word embedding, such as word2vec, can be thought of as a representational layer in a deep learning architecture that transforms an atomic word into a positional representation of the word relative to other words in the dataset; the position is represented as a point in a vector space. Using word embedding as an RNN input layer allows the network to parse sentences and phrases using an effective compositional vector grammar. A compositional vector grammar can be thought of as probabilistic context free grammar (PCFG) implemented by an RNN. Recursive auto-encoders built atop word embeddings can assess sentence similarity and detect paraphrasing. Deep neural architectures provide the best results for constituency parsing, sentiment analysis, information retrieval, spoken language understanding, machine translation, contextual entity linking, writing style recognition, named-entity recognition (token classification), text classification, and others.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1945 general election",
            "general election"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the end, however, it was the population's demand for reform that decided the 1945 general election."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "positrons",
            "electrons",
            "photons",
            "action"
        ],
        "sentence": "Given the tremendous success of QED, many theorists believed, in the few years after 1949, that QFT could soon provide an understanding of all microscopic phenomena, not only the interactions between photons, electrons, and positrons. Contrary to this optimism, QFT entered yet another period of depression that lasted for almost two decades.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chinatown",
            "Metropolitan Opera"
        ],
        "sentence": "After arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places and events, including Chinatown, a lunch with the editors of The New York Times, and a performance of Carmen at the Metropolitan Opera, where he was cheered by the audience on his arrival."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Thomas A. Edison, Inc.",
            "Selig",
            "G.M. Anderson (\"Broncho Billy\")",
            "Tom Mix",
            "Kalem Company",
            "Ruth Roland",
            "filmmakers",
            "American film",
            "Southern California",
            "California",
            "film production",
            "New York"
        ],
        "sentence": "Another factor for the industry's move west was that up until 1913, most American film production was still carried out around New York, but due to the monopoly of Thomas A. Edison, Inc.'s film patents and its litigious attempts to preserve it, many filmmakers moved to Southern California, starting with Selig in 1909. The sunshine and scenery was important for the production of Westerns, which came to form a major American film genre with the first cowboy stars, G.M. Anderson (\"Broncho Billy\") and Tom Mix. Selig pioneered the use of (fairly) wild animals from a zoo for a series of exotic adventures, with the actors being menaced or saved by the animals. Kalem Company sent film crews to places in America and abroad to film stories in the actual places they were supposed to have happened. Kalem also pioneered the female action heroine from 1912, with Ruth Roland playing starring roles in their Westerns.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vichy France",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Vichy France regime, a de facto ally of Germany, accepted the takeover."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "four color theorem",
            "optimal sphere packing",
            "P versus NP problem",
            "computationally difficult"
        ],
        "sentence": "The four color theorem and optimal sphere packing were two major problems of discrete mathematics solved in the second half of the 20th century. The P versus NP problem, which remains open to this day, is also important for discrete mathematics, since its solution would potentially impact a large number of computationally difficult problems.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "four-vectors",
            "time ordering",
            "propagator",
            "correlation function",
            "Green's function",
            "vacuum state",
            "vector",
            "probability amplitude",
            "function",
            "ground state",
            "field",
            "vacuum"
        ],
        "sentence": "In calculations, one often encounters expression like\n\n\n\n\u27e8\n0\n\n|\n\nT\n{\n\u03d5\n(\nx\n)\n\u03d5\n(\ny\n)\n}\n\n|\n\n0\n\u27e9\n\n\nor\n\n\n\u27e8\n\u03a9\n\n|\n\nT\n{\n\u03d5\n(\nx\n)\n\u03d5\n(\ny\n)\n}\n\n|\n\n\u03a9\n\u27e9\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\langle 0|T\\{\\phi (x)\\phi (y)\\}|0\\rangle \\quad {\\text{or}}\\quad \\langle \\Omega |T\\{\\phi (x)\\phi (y)\\}|\\Omega \\rangle }\n\nin the free or interacting theory, respectively. Here, \n\n\n\nx\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x}\n\n and \n\n\n\ny\n\n\n{\\displaystyle y}\n\n are position four-vectors, \n\n\n\nT\n\n\n{\\displaystyle T}\n\n is the time ordering operator that shuffles its operands so the time-components \n\n\n\n\nx\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x^{0}}\n\n and \n\n\n\n\ny\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle y^{0}}\n\n increase from right to left, and \n\n\n\n\n|\n\n\u03a9\n\u27e9\n\n\n{\\displaystyle |\\Omega \\rangle }\n\n is the ground state (vacuum state) of the interacting theory, different from the free ground state \n\n\n\n\n|\n\n0\n\u27e9\n\n\n{\\displaystyle |0\\rangle }\n\n. This expression represents the probability amplitude for the field to propagate from y to x, and goes by multiple names, like the two-point propagator, two-point correlation function, two-point Green's function or two-point function for short.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "physics",
            "space and time",
            "Albert Einstein",
            "two postulates"
        ],
        "sentence": "In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 treatment, the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Grosvenor Square"
        ],
        "sentence": "1948 statue of Roosevelt in Grosvenor Square, London\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Thomas Taylor",
            "Cochin Bold",
            "Cliff Wright",
            "Bloomsbury",
            "Hogwarts"
        ],
        "sentence": "For cover art, Bloomsbury chose painted art in a classic style of design, with the first cover a watercolour and pencil drawing by illustrator Thomas Taylor showing Harry boarding the Hogwarts Express, and a title in the font Cochin Bold. The first releases of the successive books in the series followed in the same style but somewhat more realistic, illustrating scenes from the books. These covers were created by first Cliff Wright and then Jason Cockroft.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "wort",
            "sparging",
            "rakes",
            "cereal",
            "false bottom",
            "mashing",
            "mash tun"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lautering is the separation of the wort (the liquid containing the sugar extracted during mashing) from the grains. This is done either in a mash tun outfitted with a false bottom, in a lauter tun, or in a mash filter. Most separation processes have two stages: first wort run-off, during which the extract is separated in an undiluted state from the spent grains, and sparging, in which extract which remains with the grains is rinsed off with hot water. The lauter tun is a tank with holes in the bottom small enough to hold back the large bits of grist and hulls (the ground or milled cereal). The bed of grist that settles on it is the actual filter. Some lauter tuns have provision for rotating rakes or knives to cut into the bed of grist to maintain good flow. The knives can be turned so they push the grain, a feature used to drive the spent grain out of the vessel. The mash filter is a plate-and-frame filter. The empty frames contain the mash, including the spent grains, and have a capacity of around one hectoliter. The plates contain a support structure for the filter cloth. The plates, frames, and filter cloths are arranged in a carrier frame like so: frame, cloth, plate, cloth, with plates at each end of the structure. Newer mash filters have bladders that can press the liquid out of the grains between spargings. The grain does not act like a filtration medium in a mash filter.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Axis occupation of Yugoslavia",
            "Axis",
            "Yugoslavia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although the Axis victory was swift, bitter and large-scale partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, which continued until the end of the war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "expand the Supreme Court in 1937",
            "conservative coalition",
            "New Deal"
        ],
        "sentence": "He was unable to expand the Supreme Court in 1937, the same year the conservative coalition was formed to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Yoshio Nishina",
            "Hiroshima"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 7 August, a day after Hiroshima was destroyed, Dr. Yoshio Nishina and other atomic physicists arrived at the city, and carefully examined the damage."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "democratic",
            "rationalist culture",
            "polis",
            "Cleisthenes",
            "democratic",
            "Athens",
            "philosophy",
            "humanism",
            "rationalism",
            "Aristotle",
            "Socrates",
            "Plato",
            "history",
            "Herodotus",
            "Thucydides",
            "Homer",
            "Sophocles",
            "Euripides",
            "Hippocrates",
            "Galen",
            "Pythagoras",
            "Euclid",
            "Archimedes",
            "city states",
            "Achaemenid Persian",
            "Greco-Persian Wars",
            "Golden Age of Athens",
            "art",
            "Western civilisation",
            "Greece",
            "ancient Greece",
            "science"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western democratic and rationalist culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city-state, the polis, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BCE, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens. The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. Greece also generated many cultural contributions: in philosophy, humanism and rationalism under Aristotle, Socrates and Plato; in history with Herodotus and Thucydides; in dramatic and narrative verse, starting with the epic poems of Homer; in drama with Sophocles and Euripides, in medicine with Hippocrates and Galen; and in science with Pythagoras, Euclid and Archimedes. In the course of the 5th century BCE, several of the Greek city states would ultimately check the Achaemenid Persian advance in Europe through the Greco-Persian Wars, considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilisation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "John Napier",
            "logarithms",
            "Napier's bones",
            "abacus",
            "calculation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Scottish mathematician and physicist John Napier discovered that the multiplication and division of numbers could be performed by the addition and subtraction, respectively, of the logarithms of those numbers. While producing the first logarithmic tables, Napier needed to perform many tedious multiplications. It was at this point that he designed his 'Napier's bones', an abacus-like device that greatly simplified calculations that involved multiplication and division.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cruisers",
            "destroyers",
            "minelayer"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "B-17"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tyler, for security reasons, could not tell the operators of the six B-17s that were due (even though it was widely known)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet Union",
            "Eastern Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "That year, Hitler shifted his primary goal from an overall victory on the Eastern Front, to the goal of securing the oil fields in the southern Soviet Union crucial to a long-term German war effort."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bulgaria",
            "Serbia"
        ],
        "sentence": "German and Austro-Hungarian diplomats, however, scored a coup by persuading Bulgaria to join the attack on Serbia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Conservative Party"
        ],
        "sentence": "Becoming Chancellor on 6 November 1924, Churchill formally rejoined the Conservative Party."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The production capacity of the United States dwarfed that of other countries; for example, in 1944, the United States produced more military aircraft than the combined production of Germany, Japan, Britain, and the Soviet Union."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lloyd George's",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lloyd George's War Cabinet considered the German offer to be a ploy to create divisions amongst the Allies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "K\u014dichi Kido",
            "Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan",
            "kokutai"
        ],
        "sentence": "Until 9 August, Japan's war council still insisted on its four conditions for surrender. The full cabinet met at 14:30 on 9 August, and spent most of the day debating surrender. Anami conceded that victory was unlikely, but argued in favor of continuing the war. The meeting ended at 17:30, with no decision having been reached. Suzuki went to the palace to report on the outcome of the meeting, where he met with K\u014dichi Kido, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan. Kido informed him that the emperor had agreed to hold an imperial conference, and gave a strong indication that the emperor would consent to surrender on condition that kokutai be preserved. A second cabinet meeting was held at 18:00. Only four ministers supported Anami's position of adhering to the four conditions, but since cabinet decisions had to be unanimous, no decision was reached before it ended at 22:00.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "resisted in Prague",
            "Army Group Centre",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "German Army Group Centre resisted in Prague until 11 May."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "North America",
            "Athabaskans",
            "Aleuts",
            "Eskimos"
        ],
        "sentence": "This was likely the first of three major waves of migration into North America; later waves brought the ancestors of present-day Athabaskans, Aleuts, and Eskimos."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "first major victory at Taierzhuang",
            "Xuzhou",
            "was taken by the Japanese",
            "flooding the Yellow River",
            "Wuhan",
            "city was taken",
            "Chongqing",
            "Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "In March 1938, Nationalist Chinese forces won their first major victory at Taierzhuang, but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Chinese forces stalled the Japanese advance by flooding the Yellow River; this manoeuvre bought time for the Chinese to prepare their defences at Wuhan, but the city was taken by October. Japanese military victories did not bring about the collapse of Chinese resistance that Japan had hoped to achieve; instead, the Chinese government relocated inland to Chongqing and continued the war.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Marshall Plan"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. also offered financial assistance to countries as part of the Marshall Plan on the condition that they opened their markets to trade, aware that the Soviets would never agree."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italy",
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Franklin D. Roosevelt had said in his Fireside Chat on 9 December 1941, 2 days before the European Axis powers formally declared war on America, that Germany and Italy already considered themselves to be in a state of war with the United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "beauty",
            "relativity",
            "theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "Widely acknowledged as a theory of extraordinary beauty, general relativity has often been described as the most beautiful of all existing physical theories.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ringo",
            "the Concert for Bangladesh",
            "bootlegged",
            "A Toot and a Snore in '74",
            "Lennon and McCartney"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr all released solo albums in 1970. Their solo records sometimes involved one or more of the other members; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only album to include compositions and performances by all four ex-Beatles, albeit on separate songs. With Starr's participation, Harrison staged the Concert for Bangladesh in New York City in August 1971. Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974, later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74, Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "electronic circuit",
            "Z3",
            "Atanasoff\u2013Berry Computer",
            "Colossus computers",
            "ENIAC",
            "punched cards",
            "punched paper tape",
            "vacuum tubes",
            "relays",
            "calculation",
            "mechanical",
            "computer",
            "computers",
            "relay",
            "electromechanical"
        ],
        "sentence": "Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. Machines such as the Z3, the Atanasoff\u2013Berry Computer, the Colossus computers, and the ENIAC were built by hand, using circuits containing relays or valves (vacuum tubes), and often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Emperor Meiji",
            "Crown prince",
            "Emperor Taish\u014d",
            "Empress Teimei",
            "Yanagiwara Naruko"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hirohito was born at Aoyama Palace in Tokyo (during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji) on 29 April 1901, the first son of 21-year-old Crown prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taish\u014d) and 16-year-old Crown Princess Sadako (the future Empress Teimei). He was the grandson of Emperor Meiji and Yanagiwara Naruko. His childhood title was Prince Michi.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "robotics",
            "science and technology",
            "second highest"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan leads the world in robotics production and use, supplying 45% of the world's 2020 total; down from 55% in 2017. Japan has the second highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita in the world with 14 per 1000 employees.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "British Colonial",
            "in the American colonies",
            "longstanding institution in world history",
            "the North",
            "Founding Fathers",
            "John Adams",
            "Roger Sherman",
            "Alexander Hamilton",
            "John Jay",
            "Benjamin Franklin",
            "abolition of slavery",
            "Atlantic World",
            "Missouri Compromise",
            "Missouri",
            "Maine",
            "36\u00b030\u2032 parallel",
            "sectarian",
            "outlawed",
            "Atlantic slave trade",
            "Deep South",
            "slave labor",
            "the South",
            "cotton gin",
            "the institution as a positive good",
            "necessary evil",
            "Second Great Awakening",
            "evangelical",
            "abolitionism",
            "Methodists",
            "Baptists",
            "state",
            "slavery",
            "Great Awakening",
            "states",
            "Founding Father"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the British Colonial era, slavery was legal in the American colonies, a longstanding institution in world history, and \"challenges to its moral legitimacy were rare\". However, during the Revolution, many in the colonies began to question the practice. Regional divisions over slavery grew in the ensuing decades. In the North, several prominent Founding Fathers such as John Adams, Roger Sherman, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin advocated for the abolition of slavery, and by the 1810s every state in the region had, with these emancipations being the first in the Atlantic World. The Missouri Compromise (1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and declared a policy of prohibiting slavery in the remaining Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 36\u00b030\u2032 parallel. The outcome de facto sectionalized the country into two factions: free states, which forbade slavery; and slave states, which protected the institution; it was controversial, widely seen as dividing the country along sectarian lines. Although the national government outlawed American participation in the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, after 1820 cultivation of the highly profitable cotton crop exploded in the Deep South, and along with it the use of slave labor. In the South, the invention of the cotton gin lowering the cost of cotton production and exponentially increasing profits spurred the entrenchment of slavery, with regional elites and intellectuals increasingly viewing the institution as a positive good instead of a necessary evil. The Second Great Awakening, especially in the period 1800\u20131840, converted millions to evangelical Protestantism. In the North, it energized multiple social reform movements, including abolitionism; in the South, Methodists and Baptists proselytized among slave populations.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Midway",
            "defeated in North Africa",
            "Stalingrad",
            "Japan",
            "North Africa",
            "Germany",
            "Italy",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan soon conquered much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taylor Swift",
            "Reputation",
            "Entertainment Weekly",
            "Daenerys Targaryen",
            "Dothraki"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2019, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift told Entertainment Weekly that several songs on her 2017 album Reputation were inspired by Game of Thrones characters and plots. \"Khaleesi\" became more popular as a name for baby girls in the United States. In the novels and the TV series, \"khaleesi\" is not a name, but the title of the wife of a \"khal\" (warlord) in the Dothraki language, held by Daenerys Targaryen. Other names from characters in the series, like Daenerys, also became popular baby names.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japanese settlers",
            "Japanese Empire",
            "Japanese",
            "Allies",
            "Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Allies (led by the United States) repatriated millions of Japanese settlers from their former colonies and military camps throughout Asia, largely eliminating the Japanese Empire and its influence over the territories it conquered."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pythagorean theorem",
            "proved",
            "geometry"
        ],
        "sentence": "Books I\u2013IV and VI discuss plane geometry. Many results about plane figures are proved, for example, \"In any triangle, two angles taken together in any manner are less than two right angles.\" (Book I proposition 17) and the Pythagorean theorem \"In right-angled triangles the square on the side subtending the right angle is equal to the squares on the sides containing the right angle.\" (Book I, proposition 47)\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dacha",
            "Vasily",
            "Svetlana"
        ],
        "sentence": "Svetlana and Vasily were called to the dacha on 2 March; the latter was drunk and angrily shouted at the doctors, as a result of which he was sent home."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "colonial empires",
            "decolonisation",
            "E",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "While European powers attempted to retain some or all of their colonial empires, their losses of prestige and resources during the war rendered this unsuccessful, leading to decolonisation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "litmus test",
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Tripartite Pact",
            "Comintern"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some countries signed the Anti-Comintern Pact but not the Tripartite Pact. As such their adherence to the Axis may have been less than that of Tripartite Pact signatories. Some of these states were officially at war with members of the Allied powers, others remained neutral in the war and sent only volunteers. Signing the Anti-Comintern Pact was seen as \"a litmus test of loyalty\" by the Nazi leadership.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "puppet states",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "At its zenith in 1942, the Axis presided over large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia, either through occupation, annexation, or puppet states. In contrast to the Allies, there were no three-way summit meetings, and cooperation and coordination were minimal; on occasion, the interests of the major Axis powers were even at variance with each other. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. \n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "democratic",
            "rationalist culture",
            "Greece"
        ],
        "sentence": "Western democratic and rationalist culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allies",
            "nuclear weapons"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein supported the Allies but generally viewed the idea of nuclear weapons with great dismay."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "differential analyzer",
            "Vannevar Bush",
            "MIT",
            "James Thomson",
            "torque amplifiers",
            "University of Pennsylvania",
            "Moore School of Electrical Engineering",
            "ENIAC",
            "mechanical",
            "computing"
        ],
        "sentence": "The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927, which built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious; the most powerful was constructed at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering, where the ENIAC was built.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Relational quantum mechanics",
            "QBism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Relational quantum mechanics appeared in the late 1990s as a modern derivative of Copenhagen-type ideas, and QBism was developed some years later.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "George Weller",
            "Chicago Daily News",
            "Nagasaki",
            "propaganda"
        ],
        "sentence": "The authorities also accused him of being under the sway of Japanese propaganda and later suppressed another story, on the Nagasaki bombing, by George Weller of the Chicago Daily News."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Environmental issues",
            "non-renewable resources",
            "nuclear energy",
            "air and water pollution",
            "biological diversity",
            "deforestation",
            "climate change"
        ],
        "sentence": "Environmental issues in the United States include debates on non-renewable resources and nuclear energy, air and water pollution, biological diversity, logging and deforestation, and climate change."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mezmaiskaya cave",
            "Neanderthal"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia was home to some of the last surviving Neanderthals, from about 45,000 years ago, found in Mezmaiskaya cave."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tatars",
            "mullahs",
            "Zionism",
            "Russian imperialism",
            "nationalism",
            "Georgia",
            "socialism",
            "Russian Empire",
            "Marxism",
            "Russians",
            "Jews"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin viewed nations as contingent entities which were formed by capitalism and could merge into others. Ultimately he believed that all nations would merge into a single, global human community, and regarded all nations as inherently equal. In his work, he stated that \"the right of secession\" should be offered to the ethnic-minorities of the Russian Empire, but that they should not be encouraged to take that option. He was of the view that if they became fully autonomous, then they would end up being controlled by the most reactionary elements of their community; as an example he cited the largely illiterate Tatars, whom he claimed would end up dominated by their mullahs. Stalin argued that the Jews possessed a \"national character\" but were not a \"nation\" and were thus unassimilable. He argued that Jewish nationalism, particularly Zionism, was hostile to socialism. According to Khlevniuk, Stalin reconciled Marxism with great-power imperialism and therefore expansion of the empire makes him a worthy to the Russian tsars. Service argued that Stalin's Marxism was imbued with a great deal of Russian nationalism. According to Montefiore, Stalin's embrace of the Russian nation was pragmatic, as the Russians were the core of the population of the USSR; it was not a rejection of his Georgian origins. Stalin's push for Soviet westward expansion into eastern Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "countries",
            "euro"
        ],
        "sentence": "Nineteen EU countries share the euro as a common currency."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Natalie Wood",
            "Connie Stevens",
            "Ann-Margret",
            "Candice Bergen",
            "Cybill Shepherd",
            "June Juanico",
            "Memphis",
            "B"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reinforcing Presley's image as a sex symbol were the reports of his dalliances with various Hollywood stars and starlets, from Natalie Wood in the 1950s to Connie Stevens and Ann-Margret in the 1960s to Candice Bergen and Cybill Shepherd in the 1970s. June Juanico of Memphis, one of Presley's early girlfriends, later blamed Parker for encouraging him to choose his dating partners with publicity in mind. Presley never grew comfortable with the Hollywood scene, and most of these relationships were insubstantial.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "firebombing of Hamburg"
        ],
        "sentence": "The firebombing of Hamburg was among the first attacks in this campaign, inflicting significant casualties and considerable losses on infrastructure of this important industrial centre."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Dutch East Indies",
            "Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Dutch government agreed to provide Japan with some oil supplies from the Dutch East Indies, but negotiations for additional access to their resources ended in failure in June 1941."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "For their part, Britain and France\u2014who had been forced in the war's latter stages to divert their own troops to the Italian front to stave off collapse\u2014were disinclined to support Italy's position at the peace conference."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "particle",
            "unknown",
            "equations",
            "conjecture",
            "theories",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef44bf9fda1defbf63ab871817d3193ef64683ae\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.836ex; height:2.509ex;\"/> In both cases, the equations of the theories had unexplained solutions, which led to conjecture of the existence of an unknown particle, and the search for these particles."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "lebensraum",
            "overpopulation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Thus expansion was justified as an inevitable necessity to provide lebensraum (\"living space\") for the German nation and end the country's overpopulation within existing confined territory, and provide resources necessary to its people's well-being."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "interfere",
            "photon",
            "quantum superposition",
            "beam splitters"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is interesting to consider what would happen if the photon were definitely in either the \"lower\" or \"upper\" paths between the beam splitters. This can be accomplished by blocking one of the paths, or equivalently by removing the first beam splitter (and feeding the photon from the left or the bottom, as desired). In both cases, there will be no interference between the paths anymore, and the probabilities are given by \n\n\n\np\n(\nu\n)\n=\np\n(\nl\n)\n=\n1\n\n/\n\n2\n\n\n{\\displaystyle p(u)=p(l)=1/2}\n\n, independently of the phase \n\n\n\n\u0394\n\u03a6\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\Delta \\Phi }\n\n. From this we can conclude that the photon does not take one path or another after the first beam splitter, but rather that it is in a genuine quantum superposition of the two paths.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russian Empire",
            "Habsburg Empire",
            "Britain",
            "Russia",
            "Empire",
            "decline",
            "Ottoman Empire"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Russian Empire stood to benefit from the decline, whereas the Habsburg Empire and Britain perceived the preservation of the Ottoman Empire to be in their best interests."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Stalinism",
            "Socialism in One Country",
            "permanent revolution",
            "socialism",
            "world revolution",
            "Marxism",
            "Leninist"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalinism was a development of Leninism, and while Stalin avoided using the term \"Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism\", he allowed others to do so. Following Lenin's death, Stalin contributed to the theoretical debates within the Communist Party, namely by developing the idea of \"Socialism in One Country\". This concept was intricately linked to factional struggles within the party, particularly against Trotsky. He first developed the idea in December 1924 and elaborated upon in his writings of 1925\u201326. Stalin's doctrine held that socialism could be completed in Russia but that its final victory there could not be guaranteed because of the threat from capitalist intervention. For this reason, he retained the Leninist view that world revolution was still a necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism. Although retaining the Marxist belief that the state would wither away as socialism transformed into pure communism, he believed that the Soviet state would remain until the final defeat of international capitalism. This concept synthesised Marxist and Leninist ideas with nationalist ideals, and served to discredit Trotsky\u2014who promoted the idea of \"permanent revolution\"\u2014by presenting the latter as a defeatist with little faith in Russian workers' abilities to construct socialism.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chief of Naval Operations",
            "George C. Marshall",
            "Hap Arnold",
            "Navy"
        ],
        "sentence": "King\">Ernest J. King as Chief of Naval Operations commanded the Navy and Marines, while General George C. Marshall led the Army and was in nominal control of the Air Force, which in practice was commanded by General Hap Arnold."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Poland"
        ],
        "sentence": "After 123 years, Poland re-emerged as an independent country."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Einstein notation",
            "Lagrangian"
        ],
        "sentence": "where \u03bc is a spacetime index, \n\n\n\n\n\u2202\n\n0\n\n\n=\n\u2202\n\n/\n\n\u2202\nt\n,\n\u00a0\n\n\u2202\n\n1\n\n\n=\n\u2202\n\n/\n\n\u2202\n\nx\n\n1\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\partial _{0}=\\partial /\\partial t,\\ \\partial _{1}=\\partial /\\partial x^{1}}\n\n, etc. The summation over the index \u03bc has been omitted following the Einstein notation. If the parameter \u03bb is sufficiently small, then the interacting theory described by the above Lagrangian can be considered as a small perturbation from the free theory.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "kittens",
            "pedigreed cats",
            "cat fancy",
            "Population control",
            "spaying",
            "neutering",
            "mammal",
            "feral cats",
            "domestic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn in temperate zones and throughout the year in equatorial regions, with litter sizes often ranging from two to five kittens. Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered pedigreed cats, a hobby known as cat fancy. Population control of cats may be achieved by spaying and neutering, but their proliferation and the abandonment of pets has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of entire bird, mammal, and reptile species.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pre-adapted",
            "Leopardus",
            "Hybridisation between domestic and other Felinae species",
            "Kellas cat",
            "Scotland",
            "domestic",
            "anatomy",
            "feral cats"
        ],
        "sentence": "During domestication, cats have undergone only minor changes in anatomy and behavior, and they are still capable of surviving in the wild. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have pre-adapted them for domestication as pets. These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play, and high intelligence. Captive Leopardus cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans but were not domesticated. House cats often mate with feral cats. Hybridisation between domestic and other Felinae species is also possible, producing hybrids such as the Kellas cat in Scotland.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is known, however, that from 1908 to 1913, military spending by the six major European powers increased by over 50% in real terms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "blossom"
        ],
        "sentence": "Their symbolism in dreams has also been discussed, with possible interpretations including \"blossoming potential\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "codebooks",
            "cryptography",
            "ciphering",
            "Enigma machine",
            "E",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most major belligerents attempted to solve the problems of complexity and security involved in using large codebooks for cryptography by designing ciphering machines, the most well known being the German Enigma machine."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "classical era",
            "Celtic",
            "Boii",
            "oppidum",
            "Marcomanni",
            "Quadi",
            "Prague",
            "Bohemia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the classical era, as a result of the 3rd century BC Celtic migrations, Bohemia became associated with the Boii. The Boii founded an oppidum near the site of modern Prague. Later in the 1st century, the Germanic tribes of the Marcomanni and Quadi settled there.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "boiling",
            "fermenting",
            "conditioning",
            "filtering",
            "packaging",
            "brewing equipment",
            "lautering",
            "malting",
            "mashing",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "There are several steps in the brewing process, which may include malting, mashing, lautering, boiling, fermenting, conditioning, filtering, and packaging. The brewing equipment needed to make beer has grown more sophisticated over time, and now covers most aspects of the brewing process.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Institute for Advanced Study",
            "Princeton, New Jersey",
            "Princeton"
        ],
        "sentence": "Locker-Lampson also submitted a bill to parliament to extend British citizenship to Einstein, during which period Einstein made a number of public appearances describing the crisis brewing in Europe. In one of his speeches he denounced Germany's treatment of Jews, while at the same time he introduced a bill promoting Jewish citizenship in Palestine, as they were being denied citizenship elsewhere. In his speech he described Einstein as a \"citizen of the world\" who should be offered a temporary shelter in the UK. Both bills failed, however, and Einstein then accepted an earlier offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, US, to become a resident scholar.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French National Assembly",
            "French State",
            "Vichy",
            "de Gaulle's government-in-exile in London",
            "foreign Jews in France",
            "Albert Lebrun",
            "Vizille",
            "Vichy France",
            "France",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 10 July 1940, P\u00e9tain was given emergency \"full powers\" by a majority vote of the French National Assembly. The following day approval of the new constitution by the Assembly effectively created the French State (l'\u00c9tat Fran\u00e7ais), replacing the French Republic with the government unofficially called \"Vichy France,\" after the resort town of Vichy, where P\u00e9tain maintained his seat of government. This continued to be recognised as the lawful government of France by the neutral United States until 1942, while the United Kingdom had recognised de Gaulle's government-in-exile in London. Racial laws were introduced in France and its colonies and many foreign Jews in France were deported to Germany. Albert Lebrun, last President of the Republic, did not resign from the presidential office when he moved to Vizille on 10 July 1940. By 25 April 1945, during P\u00e9tain's trial, Lebrun argued that he thought he would be able to return to power after the fall of Germany, since he had not resigned.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "civilian casualties",
            "Honolulu Fire Department",
            "fire department members on American soil",
            "Honolulu",
            "fighters",
            "Hickam Field"
        ],
        "sentence": "Among the notable civilian casualties were nine Honolulu Fire Department (HFD) firefighters who responded to Hickam Field during the bombing in Honolulu, becoming the only fire department members on American soil to be attacked by a foreign power in history."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of Versailles",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "A formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on 28 June 1919."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Balli Komb\u00ebtar"
        ],
        "sentence": "Several Balli Komb\u00ebtar leaders held positions in the regime."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "proprietary",
            "machine learning",
            "deep learning",
            "neural networks",
            "Alphabet",
            "Jeff Dean",
            "refactor",
            "Geoffrey Hinton",
            "backpropagation",
            "neural networks",
            "speech recognition",
            "Google Brain",
            "Google"
        ],
        "sentence": "Starting in 2011, Google Brain built DistBelief as a proprietary machine learning system based on deep learning neural networks. Its use grew rapidly across diverse Alphabet companies in both research and commercial applications. Google assigned multiple computer scientists, including Jeff Dean, to simplify and refactor the codebase of DistBelief into a faster, more robust application-grade library, which became TensorFlow. In 2009, the team, led by Geoffrey Hinton, had implemented generalized backpropagation and other improvements which allowed generation of neural networks with substantially higher accuracy, for instance a 25% reduction in errors in speech recognition.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Springwood"
        ],
        "sentence": "The young couple moved into Springwood, and Franklin and Sara Roosevelt also provided a townhouse for the couple in New York City, where Sara built a house alongside for herself."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Helena",
            "Oglala",
            "minelayer",
            "light cruiser"
        ],
        "sentence": "The light cruiser Helena was torpedoed, and the concussion from the blast capsized the neighboring minelayer Oglala."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Moonwalk",
            "Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis",
            "Medal of the City of Paris",
            "Jacques Chirac",
            "Bad World Tour",
            "Moonwalker",
            "Joe Pesci",
            "direct-to-video",
            "Recording Industry Association of America",
            "the Jackson 5",
            "Bad"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1988, Jackson released his autobiography, Moonwalk, with input from Stephen Davis and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. It sold 200,000 copies, and reached the top of the New York Times bestsellers list. Jackson discussed his childhood, the Jackson 5, and the abuse from his father. He attributed his changing facial appearance to three plastic surgeries, puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hairstyle, and stage lighting. In June, Jackson was honored with the Grand Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris by the then Mayor of Paris Jacques Chirac during his stay in the city as part of the Bad World Tour. In October, Jackson released a film, Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films starring Jackson and Joe Pesci. In the US it was released direct-to-video and became the bestselling video cassette in the country. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it as eight times Platinum in the US.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gauge invariance"
        ],
        "sentence": "While developing general relativity, Einstein became confused about the gauge invariance in the theory. He formulated an argument that led him to conclude that a general relativistic field theory is impossible. He gave up looking for fully generally covariant tensor equations and searched for equations that would be invariant under general linear transformations only.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "test of the relationship",
            "alternative",
            "null hypothesis",
            "Type I errors",
            "Type II errors",
            "data"
        ],
        "sentence": "A standard statistical procedure involves the collection of data leading to a test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and synthetic data drawn from an idealized model. A hypothesis is proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, and this is compared as an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship between two data sets. Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using statistical tests that quantify the sense in which the null can be proven false, given the data that are used in the test. Working from a null hypothesis, two basic forms of error are recognized: Type I errors (null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a \"false positive\") and Type II errors (null hypothesis fails to be rejected and an actual relationship between populations is missed giving a \"false negative\"). Multiple problems have come to be associated with this framework, ranging from obtaining a sufficient sample size to specifying an adequate null hypothesis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare",
            "Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism",
            "Ministry of the Environment",
            "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications"
        ],
        "sentence": "Responsibility for the water and sanitation sector is shared between the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, in charge of water supply for domestic use; the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, in charge of water resources development as well as sanitation; the Ministry of the Environment, in charge of ambient water quality and environmental preservation; and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, in charge of performance benchmarking of utilities."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hull Note",
            "China"
        ],
        "sentence": "Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the \"Hull Note\" would \"destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Arabic",
            "Latin"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Greek and Arabic mathematical texts were in turn translated to Latin during the Middle Ages and made available in Europe."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "litmus test",
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Comintern"
        ],
        "sentence": "Signing the Anti-Comintern Pact was seen as \"a litmus test of loyalty\" by the Nazi leadership."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Julia Louis-Dreyfus",
            "Dick Van Dyke",
            "Don Haggerty",
            "Dan Haggerty",
            "Grizzly Adams",
            "urban legend",
            "Mauritz Stiller",
            "Greta Garbo"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2010, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's star was constructed with the name \"Julia Luis Dreyfus\". The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected. A similar mistake was made on Dick Van Dyke's star in 1993 (\"Vandyke\"), and rectified. Film and television actor Don Haggerty's star originally displayed the first name \"Dan\". The mistake was fixed, but years later the television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, no relation to Don) also received a star. The confusion eventually sprouted an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honoree to have a star removed from the Walk of Fame. For 28 years, the star intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the Helsinki-born pioneer of Swedish film who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read \"Maurice Diller\", possibly due to mistranscription of verbal dictation. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Eustachy Sapieha",
            "Minister of Foreign Affairs",
            "Poles",
            "Poland",
            "German",
            "Upper Silesia",
            "Russia",
            "plebiscite"
        ],
        "sentence": "In regards to the Silesian plebiscite, Blanke observed \"given that the electorate was at least 60% Polish-speaking, this means that about one 'Pole' in three voted for Germany\" and \"most Polish observers and historians\" have concluded that the outcome of the plebiscite was due to \"unfair German advantages of incumbency and socio-economic position\". Blanke alleged \"coercion of various kinds even in the face of an allied occupation regime\" occurred, and that Germany granted votes to those \"who had been born in Upper Silesia but no longer resided there\". Blanke concluded that despite these protests \"there is plenty of other evidence, including Reichstag election results both before and after 1921 and the large-scale emigration of Polish-speaking Upper Silesians to Germany after 1945, that their identification with Germany in 1921 was neither exceptional nor temporary\" and \"here was a large population of Germans and Poles\u2014not coincidentally, of the same Catholic religion\u2014that not only shared the same living space but also came in many cases to see themselves as members of the same national community\". Prince Eustachy Sapieha, the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, alleged that Soviet Russia \"appeared to be intentionally delaying negotiations\" to end the Polish-Soviet War \"with the object of influencing the Upper Silesian plebiscite\". Once the region was partitioned, both \"Germany and Poland attempted to 'cleanse' their shares of Upper Silesia\" via oppression resulting in Germans migrating to Germany and Poles migrating to Poland. Despite the oppression and migration, Opole Silesia \"remained ethnically mixed.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "John Searle",
            "Chinese room",
            "natural language"
        ],
        "sentence": "The premise of symbolic NLP is well-summarized by John Searle's Chinese room experiment: Given a collection of rules (e.g., a Chinese phrasebook, with questions and matching answers), the computer emulates natural language understanding (or other NLP tasks) by applying those rules to the data it confronts.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "battleships"
        ],
        "sentence": "Third, to deliver a blow to America's ability to mobilize its forces in the Pacific, battleships were chosen as the main targets, since they were the prestige ships of any navy at the time."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lorentz transformation",
            "counterintuitive",
            "speed of light",
            "Newtonian mechanics"
        ],
        "sentence": "The consequences of special relativity can be derived from the Lorentz transformation equations. These transformations, and hence special relativity, lead to different physical predictions than those of Newtonian mechanics at all relative velocities, and most pronounced when relative velocities become comparable to the speed of light. The speed of light is so much larger than anything most humans encounter that some of the effects predicted by relativity are initially counterintuitive.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Public Health Act of 1875",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Britain, the Public Health Act of 1875 was passed, which significantly improved living conditions in many British cities."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sight & Sound",
            "best films produced in Asia",
            "Tokyo Story",
            "The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time",
            "Citizen Kane",
            "Akira Kurosawa",
            "Seven Samurai",
            "greatest foreign-language film of all time",
            "BBC",
            "Academy Award",
            "Best Foreign Language Film",
            "Rashomon",
            "Gate of Hell",
            "Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto",
            "Departures",
            "Japan",
            "Tokyo",
            "films"
        ],
        "sentence": "In a Sight & Sound list of the best films produced in Asia, Japanese works made up eight of the top 12, with Tokyo Story (1953) ranked number one. Tokyo Story also topped the 2012 Sight & Sound directors' poll of The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time, dethroning Citizen Kane, while Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (1954) was voted the greatest foreign-language film of all time in BBC's 2018 poll of 209 critics in 43 countries. Japan has won the Academy Award for the Best Foreign Language Film four times (Rashomon, Gate of Hell, Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto, and Departures), more than any other Asian country.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "By April 1945, Nazi resistance was crumbling in the face of advances by both the Western Allies and the Soviet Union."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
            "Julian",
            "Sean",
            "Yoko Ono",
            "EMI"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1988, the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, their first year of eligibility. Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony with Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, and his two sons, Julian and Sean. McCartney declined to attend, citing unresolved \"business differences\" that would make him \"feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with them at a fake reunion\". The following year, EMI/Capitol settled a decade-long lawsuit filed by the band over royalties, clearing the way to commercially package previously unreleased material.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chinatown",
            "Metropolitan Opera",
            "Jimmy Walker",
            "Harry Emerson Fosdick",
            "Riverside Church",
            "Madison Square Garden",
            "Hanukkah",
            "Columbia University"
        ],
        "sentence": "After arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places and events, including Chinatown, a lunch with the editors of The New York Times, and a performance of Carmen at the Metropolitan Opera, where he was cheered by the audience on his arrival. During the days following, he was given the keys to the city by Mayor Jimmy Walker and met the president of Columbia University, who described Einstein as \"the ruling monarch of the mind\". Harry Emerson Fosdick, pastor at New York's Riverside Church, gave Einstein a tour of the church and showed him a full-size statue that the church made of Einstein, standing at the entrance. Also during his stay in New York, he joined a crowd of 15,000 people at Madison Square Garden during a Hanukkah celebration.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "General"
        ],
        "sentence": "General MacArthur found the reporting to have turned from good PR into bad PR and threatened to court martial the entire group."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Royal Danish Navy",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Royal Danish Navy scuttled 32 of its larger ships; Germany seized 64 ships and later raised and refitted 15 of the sunken vessels."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Carolus Clusius",
            "Leiden University",
            "Hortus Botanicus",
            "Antwerp",
            "Amsterdam",
            "tulip mania"
        ],
        "sentence": "Carolus Clusius is largely responsible for the spread of tulip bulbs in the final years of the 16th century; he planted tulips at the Vienna Imperial Botanical Gardens in 1573. He finished the first major work on tulips in 1592 and made note of the variations in colour. After he was appointed the director of the Leiden University's newly established Hortus Botanicus, he planted both a teaching garden and his private garden with tulips in late 1593. Thus, 1594 is considered the date of the tulip's first flowering in the Netherlands, despite reports of the cultivation of tulips in private gardens in Antwerp and Amsterdam two or three decades earlier. These tulips at Leiden would eventually lead to both the tulip mania and the tulip industry in the Netherlands. Over two raids, in 1596 and in 1598, more than one hundred bulbs were stolen from his garden.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "conservation laws for mass",
            "momentum",
            "energy",
            "Spacetime#Conservation laws",
            "Spacetime",
            "mass",
            "Newtonian mechanics"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Newtonian mechanics, analysis of collisions involves use of the conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. In relativistic mechanics, mass is not independently conserved, because it has been subsumed into the total relativistic energy. We illustrate the differences that arise between the Newtonian and relativistic treatments of particle collisions by examining the simple case of two perfectly elastic colliding particles of equal mass. (Inelastic collisions are discussed in Spacetime#Conservation laws. Radioactive decay may be considered a sort of time-reversed inelastic collision.)\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rational points",
            "curves",
            "algebraic varieties",
            "rational functions",
            "algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "One may say that Diophantus was studying rational points, that is, points whose coordinates are rational\u2014on curves and algebraic varieties; however, unlike the Greeks of the Classical period, who did what we would now call basic algebra in geometrical terms, Diophantus did what we would now call basic algebraic geometry in purely algebraic terms. In modern language, what Diophantus did was to find rational parametrizations of varieties; that is, given an equation of the form (say)\n\n\n\n\nf\n(\n\nx\n\n1\n\n\n,\n\nx\n\n2\n\n\n,\n\nx\n\n3\n\n\n)\n=\n0\n\n\n{\\displaystyle f(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})=0}\n\n, his aim was to find (in essence) three rational functions \n\n\n\n\ng\n\n1\n\n\n,\n\ng\n\n2\n\n\n,\n\ng\n\n3\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle g_{1},g_{2},g_{3}}\n\n such that, for all values of \n\n\n\nr\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r}\n\n and \n\n\n\ns\n\n\n{\\displaystyle s}\n\n, setting\n\n\n\n\n\nx\n\ni\n\n\n=\n\ng\n\ni\n\n\n(\nr\n,\ns\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle x_{i}=g_{i}(r,s)}\n\n for \n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n2\n,\n3\n\n\n{\\displaystyle i=1,2,3}\n\n gives a solution to \n\n\n\nf\n(\n\nx\n\n1\n\n\n,\n\nx\n\n2\n\n\n,\n\nx\n\n3\n\n\n)\n=\n0.\n\n\n{\\displaystyle f(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})=0.}\n\n\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bruria Kaufman"
        ],
        "sentence": "Bruria Kaufman, his assistant, later became a physicist."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum phase estimation algorithm",
            "algorithm",
            "phase estimation"
        ],
        "sentence": "The quantum phase estimation algorithm is used to determine the eigenphase of an eigenvector of a unitary gate given a quantum state proportional to the eigenvector and access to the gate.   The algorithm is frequently used as a subroutine in other algorithms.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cadet",
            "cavalry"
        ],
        "sentence": "He was accepted as a cadet in the cavalry, starting in September 1893."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rolling Stone",
            "pop"
        ],
        "sentence": "Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 23 consecutive weeks, with a further four weeks at number one in the period through to February 1968. With 2.5\u00a0million copies sold within three months of its release, Sgt. Pepper's initial commercial success exceeded that of all previous Beatles albums. It sustained its immense popularity into the 21st century while breaking numerous sales records. In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Sgt. Pepper at number one on its list of the greatest albums of all time.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "first inhabitants of North America",
            "Siberia",
            "Bering land bridge",
            "North America"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia, crossing the Bering land bridge and arriving in the present-day United States at least 12000 years ago; some evidence suggests an even earlier date of arrival."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Watson Lab",
            "Columbia University",
            "IBM"
        ],
        "sentence": "The IBM 610 was designed between 1948 and 1957 by  John Lentz at the Watson Lab at Columbia University as the Personal Automatic Computer (PAC) and announced by IBM as the 610 Auto-Point in 1957. Although it was faulted for its speed, the IBM 610 handled floating-point arithmetic naturally. With a price tag of $55,000, only 180 units were produced.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "invaded French Indochina"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1940, the Empire invaded French Indochina, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States Tax Court",
            "Internal Revenue Service",
            "US federal estate taxes"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2013, the executors of Jackson's estate filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over US federal estate taxes. The executors claim that it was worth about $7\u00a0million, the IRS that it was worth over $1.1\u00a0billion. In February 2014, the IRS reported that Jackson's estate owed $702\u00a0million; $505\u00a0million in taxes, and $197\u00a0million in penalties. A trial was held from February 6 to 24, 2017. In 2021, the Tax Court issued a ruling in favor of the estate, ruling that the estate's total combined value of the estate was $111.5 million and that the value of Jackson's name and likeness was $4 million (not the $61 million estimated by the IRS's outside expert witness).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hitler"
        ],
        "sentence": "After Hitler came to power on 30 January 1933, Churchill was quick to recognise the menace of such a regime and expressed alarm that the British government had reduced air force spending and warned that Germany would soon overtake Britain in air force production."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Germans",
            "France",
            "England"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Germans conducted air raids on England during 1915 and 1916 with airships, hoping to damage British morale and cause aircraft to be diverted from the front lines, and indeed the resulting panic led to the diversion of several squadrons of fighters from France."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "analytic number theory",
            "algebraic number theory",
            "geometry of numbers",
            "diophantine equations",
            "transcendence theory",
            "number theory",
            "algebra",
            "numbers",
            "geometry"
        ],
        "sentence": "Number theory includes several subareas, including analytic number theory, algebraic number theory, geometry of numbers (method oriented), diophantine equations, and transcendence theory (problem oriented).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the war to end war",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as \"the war to end war\" and it was also described as \"the war to end all wars\" due to their perception of its unparalleled scale, devastation, and loss of life."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum mechanics"
        ],
        "sentence": "Until the end of his life, he continued to maintain that quantum mechanics was incomplete."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "schizophrenia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following an episode of acute mental illness at about the age of twenty, Einstein's son Eduard was diagnosed with schizophrenia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bases",
            "quantum mechanics",
            "probability theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "A sphere has a large amount of symmetry, it can be viewed in different coordinate systems or bases. So unlike a probability theory, a quantum theory has a large number of different bases in which it can be equally well described. The geometry of the phase space can be viewed as a hint that the quantity in quantum mechanics which corresponds to the probability is the absolute square of the coefficient of the superposition.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "keg",
            "carbon dioxide",
            "tap",
            "Nitrogen",
            "head",
            "mouthfeel",
            "beer balls",
            "pub"
        ],
        "sentence": "Draught (also spelled \"draft\") beer from a pressurised keg using a lever-style dispenser and a spout is the most common method of dispensing in bars around the world. A metal keg is pressurised with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas which drives the beer to the dispensing tap or faucet. Some beers may be served with a nitrogen/carbon dioxide mixture. Nitrogen produces fine bubbles, resulting in a dense head and a creamy mouthfeel. Some types of beer can also be found in smaller, disposable kegs called beer balls. In traditional pubs, the pull levers for major beer brands may include the beer's logo and trademark.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "end its sanctions against Japan",
            "China",
            "Second Sino-Japanese war",
            "Dutch East Indies",
            "Hull note",
            "French",
            "Indochina",
            "preventive",
            "United States Pacific Fleet",
            "Southeast Asia",
            "United Kingdom",
            "Netherlands",
            "Philippines",
            "Guam",
            "Wake Island",
            "British Empire",
            "Malaya",
            "Singapore",
            "Hong Kong",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. Japanese demands included that the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, and allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note\u2014the U.S. demand that Japan withdraw from China and French Indochina. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. Its aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sang Phathanothai",
            "military alliance",
            "Thailand"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 21 December 1941, a military alliance with Japan was signed and on 25 January 1942, Sang Phathanothai read over the radio Thailand's formal declaration of war on the United Kingdom and the United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "500 largest companies",
            "U.S.",
            "largest"
        ],
        "sentence": "Of the world's 500 largest companies, 136 are headquartered in the U.S.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "breed",
            "The Kennel Club"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Kennel Club's position is that \"this issue of soundness is not a simple difference of opinion, it is the fundamental issue of the breed's essential conformation and movement.\" The Kennel Club has decided to retrain judges to penalise dogs with  these problems.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "light",
            "source theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "\nSchwinger also applied source theory to his QFT theory of gravity, and was able to reproduce all four of Einstein's classic results: gravitational red shift, deflection and slowing of light by gravity, and the perihelion precession of Mercury.  The neglect of source theory by the physics community was a major disappointment for Schwinger:"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "annexed the Baltic states",
            "from Finland",
            "Romania",
            "Soviet-aligned governments",
            "superpower",
            "Cold War",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviet Union, which had annexed the Baltic states and gained territories from Finland and Romania during the war, established Soviet-aligned governments in Central and Eastern Europe, emerging as a global superpower and entering the Cold War with the United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Neville Chamberlain"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1940, he became prime minister, succeeding Neville Chamberlain."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de",
            "France",
            "League of Nations",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "Britain, France, Italy, and the League of Nations condemned these violations of the Treaty but did nothing to stop it."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Estonia",
            "the second"
        ],
        "sentence": "Serbia became the second country in Europe, following Estonia, to be proclaimed Judenfrei (free of Jews)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Martin Gilbert",
            "Frederick Lindemann"
        ],
        "sentence": "British historian Martin Gilbert notes that Churchill responded immediately, and sent his friend, physicist Frederick Lindemann, to Germany to seek out Jewish scientists and place them in British universities."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Spain",
            "Comintern"
        ],
        "sentence": "Franco described Spain as a member of the Axis and signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1941 with Hitler and Mussolini."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "July Crisis",
            "First World War",
            "Central Powers",
            "Triple Entente",
            "Europe",
            "Middle East",
            "Africa",
            "Asia",
            "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
            "Vladimir Lenin",
            "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk",
            "American Expeditionary Forces",
            "armistice"
        ],
        "sentence": "War broke out unexpectedly following the July Crisis in 1914. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, followed quickly by the entry of most European powers into an expanding conflict which became the First World War. Two alliances faced off, the Central Powers (led by Germany) and the Triple Entente (led by Britain, France and Russia). Other countries entered as fighting raged widely across Europe, as well as the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In 1917, the new Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under Vladimir Lenin in March 1918 signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, amounting to a surrender that was highly favourable to Germany. Sensing victory before the American Expeditionary Forces could be ready, Germany now shifted forces to the Western Front and tried to overwhelm the Allies. It failed. Instead, the Allies won decisively on the battlefield and forced an armistice in November 1918 that resembled a surrender.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "LD50",
            "polytraumatic",
            "radiation"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was unappreciated at the time but the average radiation dose that would kill approximately 50 percent of adults (the LD50) was approximately halved; that is, smaller doses were made more lethal when the individual experienced concurrent blast or burn polytraumatic injuries."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russian Civil Code",
            "Russian Criminal Code",
            "dominant",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Statutes, like the Russian Civil Code and the Russian Criminal Code, are the predominant legal sources of Russian law."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Le R\u00e8gne Animal",
            "Georges Cuvier",
            "comparative anatomy",
            "zoophytes (radiata)",
            "Karl Ernst von Baer",
            "Louis Agassiz",
            "Richard Owen",
            "echinoderms",
            "annelids",
            "vertebrates",
            "arthropods",
            "body plan",
            "phyla",
            "molluscs"
        ],
        "sentence": "In his 1817 Le R\u00e8gne Animal, Georges Cuvier used comparative anatomy to group the animals into four embranchements (\"branches\" with different body plans, roughly corresponding to phyla), namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophytes (radiata) (echinoderms, cnidaria and other forms). This division into four was followed by the embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer in 1828, the zoologist Louis Agassiz in 1857, and the comparative anatomist Richard Owen in 1860.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Croatian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most of the support it had initially gained by creating a Croatian national state was lost because of the brutal practices it used."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Narvik",
            "Germany",
            "Finland"
        ],
        "sentence": "The British hoped to land at Narvik and send troops to aid Finland, but their primary objective in the landing was to encircle Germany and cut the Germans off from Scandinavian resources."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "wilderness years",
            "militarism",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Neville Chamberlain",
            "national government",
            "Allied",
            "Axis powers",
            "victory in 1945",
            "1945 general election",
            "Leader of the Opposition",
            "Cold War",
            "Soviet Union",
            "iron curtain",
            "several books",
            "Nobel Prize for Literature",
            "1950 election",
            "in 1951",
            "second term",
            "Anglo-American relations",
            "British Empire",
            "until 1964",
            "a state funeral",
            "First Lord of the Admiralty"
        ],
        "sentence": "Out of government during his so-called \"wilderness years\" in the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in calling for British rearmament to counter the growing threat of militarism in Nazi Germany. At the outbreak of the Second World War he was re-appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In May 1940, he became prime minister, succeeding Neville Chamberlain. Churchill formed a national government and oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945. After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1945 general election, he became Leader of the Opposition. Amid the developing Cold War with the Soviet Union, he publicly warned of an \"iron curtain\" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity. Between his terms as prime minister, he wrote several books recounting his experience during the war. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. He lost the 1950 election but was returned to office in 1951. His second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, especially Anglo-American relations and preservation of what remained of the British Empire with India now no longer part of it. Domestically, his government emphasised housebuilding and completed the development of a nuclear weapon (begun by his predecessor). In declining health, Churchill resigned as prime minister in 1955, remaining an MP until 1964. Upon his death in 1965, he was given a state funeral.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Strategic Bombing Survey",
            "Nippon Eigasha",
            "U.S. military policeman",
            "occupation of Japan",
            "military",
            "Chugoku",
            "Nagasaki",
            "Hiroshima"
        ],
        "sentence": "A member of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, Lieutenant Daniel McGovern, used a film crew to document the effects of the bombings in early 1946. The film crew shot 27,000\u00a0m (90,000\u00a0ft) of film, resulting in a three-hour documentary titled The Effects of the Atomic Bombs Against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The documentary included images from hospitals, burned-out buildings and cars, and rows of skulls and bones on the ground. It was classified \"secret\" for the next 22 years. Motion picture company Nippon Eigasha started sending cameramen to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in September 1945. On 24 October 1945, a U.S. military policeman stopped a Nippon Eigasha cameraman from continuing to film in Nagasaki. All Nippon Eigasha's reels were confiscated by the American authorities, but they were requested by the Japanese government, and declassified. The public release of film footage of the city post-attack, and some research about the effects of the attack, was restricted during the occupation of Japan, but the Hiroshima-based magazine, Chugoku Bunka, in its first issue published on 10 March 1946, devoted itself to detailing the damage from the bombing.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Klaus Voormann",
            "Jeff Lynne",
            "Free as a Bird",
            "Real Love",
            "Now and Then",
            "Anthology",
            "singles"
        ],
        "sentence": "During 1995\u201396, the project yielded a television miniseries, an eight-volume video set, and three two-CD/three-LP box sets featuring artwork by Klaus Voormann. Documenting their history in the band's own words, the Anthology project included the release of several unissued Beatles recordings. Alongside producer Jeff Lynne, McCartney, Harrison and Starr also added new instrumental and vocal parts to songs recorded as demos by Lennon in the late 1970s, resulting in the release of two \"new\" Beatles singles, \"Free as a Bird\" and \"Real Love\". A third Lennon demo, \"Now and Then\", was also attempted, but abandoned due to the low quality of the recording.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "logic",
            "intuition",
            "intuitionistic logic"
        ],
        "sentence": "However, these programs have motivated specific developments, such as intuitionistic logic and other foundational insights, which are appreciated in their own right."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Phnom Penh",
            "Son Ngoc Thanh",
            "Allies",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the Allies occupied Phnom Penh in October, Son Ngoc Thanh was arrested for collaborating with the Japanese and was exiled to France."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Comintern"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Nanjing Government signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1941 and declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom on 9 January 1943."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chartwell"
        ],
        "sentence": "As well as writing, Churchill became an accomplished amateur artist after his resignation from the Admiralty in 1915. Using the pseudonym \"Charles Morin\", he continued this hobby throughout his life and completed hundreds of paintings, many of which are on show in the studio at Chartwell as well as in private collections.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Oxfordshire",
            "Spencer family"
        ],
        "sentence": "Of mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire into the wealthy, aristocratic Spencer family."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "conscription"
        ],
        "sentence": "His successful acquisition of Swiss citizenship in February 1901 was not followed by the usual sequel of conscription; the Swiss authorities deemed him medically unfit for military service."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Global Competitiveness Report",
            "Singapore",
            "U.S."
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. ranked second in the Global Competitiveness Report in 2019, after Singapore."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "special relativity"
        ],
        "sentence": "As Einstein later said, the reason for the development of general relativity was that the preference of inertial motions within special relativity was unsatisfactory, while a theory which from the outset prefers no state of motion (even accelerated ones) should appear more satisfactory."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "scientific research",
            "Bloomberg Innovation Index",
            "Global Innovation Index",
            "research and development",
            "second highest",
            "Nobel laureates",
            "Fields medalists"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan is a leading nation in scientific research, particularly in the natural sciences and engineering. The country ranks twelfth among the most innovative countries in the 2020 Bloomberg Innovation Index and 13th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022, up from 15th in 2019. Relative to gross domestic product, Japan's research and development budget is the second highest in the world, with 867,000 researchers sharing a 19-trillion-yen research and development budget as of 2017. The country has produced twenty-two Nobel laureates in either physics, chemistry or medicine, and three Fields medalists.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1932 Democratic primaries"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt entered the convention with a delegate lead due to his success in the 1932 Democratic primaries, but most delegates entered the convention unbound to any particular candidate."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ilia Chavchavadze",
            "Iveria",
            "Georgia"
        ],
        "sentence": "He continued writing poetry; five of his poems, on themes such as nature, land and patriotism, were published under the pseudonym of \"Soselo\" in Ilia Chavchavadze's newspaper Iveria (Georgia)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "aircraft carriers",
            "Ryukyu Islands",
            "Operation Downfall"
        ],
        "sentence": "Aircraft flying from Allied aircraft carriers and the Ryukyu Islands also regularly struck targets in Japan during 1945 in preparation for Operation Downfall."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "surrender of Nazi Germany",
            "Operation Downfall",
            "Pacific War"
        ],
        "sentence": "Even before the surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945, plans were underway for the largest operation of the Pacific War, Operation Downfall, the Allied invasion of Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "statistical",
            "photons"
        ],
        "sentence": "This article showed that the statistics of absorption and emission of light would only be consistent with Planck's distribution law if the emission of light into a mode with n photons would be enhanced statistically compared to the emission of light into an empty mode."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chinese",
            "Korean",
            "Confucian",
            "Buddhist",
            "Taoist"
        ],
        "sentence": "Chinese and Korean arrangements were, and still are, traditionally based upon the Confucian idea of reflection, the Buddhist principle of preservation, and Taoist symbolism. The arrangements of the Chinese and Koreans often use containers of varying height and shape, and use natural elements, such as rocks.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "separated",
            "Mike Stone",
            "Linda Thompson",
            "Memphis",
            "Graceland",
            "leave",
            "cover"
        ],
        "sentence": "Presley and his wife, meanwhile, had become increasingly distant, barely cohabiting. In 1971, an affair he had with Joyce Bova resulted\u2014unbeknownst to him\u2014in her pregnancy and an abortion. He often raised the possibility of Joyce moving into Graceland, saying that he was likely to leave Priscilla. The Presleys separated on February 23, 1972, after Priscilla disclosed her relationship with Mike Stone, a karate instructor Presley had recommended to her. Priscilla related that when she told him, Presley \"grabbed\u00a0... and forcefully made love to\" her, declaring, \"This is how a real man makes love to his woman\". She later stated in an interview that she regretted her choice of words in describing the incident, and said it had been an overstatement. Five months later, Presley's new girlfriend, Linda Thompson, a songwriter and one-time Memphis beauty queen, moved in with him. Presley and his wife filed for divorce on August 18. According to Joe Moscheo of the Imperials, the failure of Presley's marriage \"was a blow from which he never recovered\". At a rare press conference that June, a reporter had asked Presley whether he was satisfied with his image. Presley replied, \"Well, the image is one thing and the human being another\u00a0... it's very hard to live up to an image.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "stochastic",
            "local minima",
            "weight",
            "gradient"
        ],
        "sentence": "Two modes of learning are available: stochastic and batch. In stochastic learning, each input creates a weight adjustment. In batch learning weights are adjusted based on a batch of inputs, accumulating errors over the batch. Stochastic learning introduces \"noise\" into the process, using the local gradient calculated from one data point; this reduces the chance of the network getting stuck in local minima. However, batch learning typically yields a faster, more stable descent to a local minimum, since each update is performed in the direction of the batch's average error. A common compromise is to use \"mini-batches\", small batches with samples in each batch selected stochastically from the entire data set.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "British Columbia",
            "Japanese Canadian",
            "Government of Canada",
            "War Measures Act",
            "interned",
            "prairies",
            "Pearl Harbor"
        ],
        "sentence": "The attack also had international consequences. The Canadian province of British Columbia, bordering the Pacific Ocean, had long had a large population of Japanese immigrants and their Japanese Canadian descendants. Pre-war tensions were exacerbated by the Pearl Harbor attack, leading to a reaction from the Government of Canada. On February 24, 1942, Order-in-Council P.C. no. 1486 was passed under the War Measures Act, allowing for the forced removal of any and all Canadians of Japanese descent from British Columbia, as well as prohibiting them from returning to the province. On March 4, regulations under the Act were adopted to evacuate Japanese-Canadians. As a result, 12,000 were interned in interior camps, 2,000 were sent to road camps, and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies on sugar beet farms.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russians",
            "Russian",
            "education"
        ],
        "sentence": "An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Monaco",
            "Ukraine"
        ],
        "sentence": "The richest in terms of nominal GDP is Monaco with its US$185,829 per capita (2018) and the poorest is Ukraine with its US$3,659 per capita (2019)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "catharsis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill believed that the only option was to fight on and his use of rhetoric hardened public opinion against a peaceful resolution and prepared the British people for a long war \u2013 Jenkins says Churchill's speeches were \"an inspiration for the nation, and a catharsis for Churchill himself\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kirtland Field",
            "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
            "New Mexico",
            "Fat Man",
            "Tinian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Two more Fat Man assemblies were readied, and scheduled to leave Kirtland Field for Tinian on 11 and 14 August, and Tibbets was ordered by LeMay to return to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to collect them."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "analytic geometry",
            "geometry",
            "compass and straightedge"
        ],
        "sentence": "In terms of analytic geometry, the restriction of classical geometry to compass and straightedge constructions means a restriction to first- and second-order equations, e.g., y = 2x + 1 (a line), or x + y = 7 (a circle).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Charities Aid Foundation",
            "highest",
            "GDP"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to a 2016 study by the Charities Aid Foundation, Americans donated 1.44% of total GDP to charity, the highest in the world by a large margin."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Counter-battery",
            "Count"
        ],
        "sentence": "Counter-battery missions became commonplace, also, and sound detection was used to locate enemy batteries."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "met in Potsdam, Germany",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 11 July, Allied leaders met in Potsdam, Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "highest suicide rates"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan has one of the world's highest suicide rates, which is considered a major social issue."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Euler",
            "affine geometry",
            "equivalence relation",
            "Euclid",
            "lines",
            "angle",
            "line segments",
            "geometry",
            "postulates"
        ],
        "sentence": "Euler discussed a generalization of Euclidean geometry called affine geometry, which retains the fifth postulate unmodified while weakening postulates three and four in a way that eliminates the notions of angle (whence right triangles become meaningless) and of equality of length of line segments in general (whence circles become meaningless) while retaining the notions of parallelism as an equivalence relation between lines, and equality of length of parallel line segments (so line segments continue to have a midpoint).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "neuromodulators",
            "dopamine",
            "acetylcholine",
            "serotonin",
            "neurons"
        ],
        "sentence": "While initially research had been concerned mostly with the electrical characteristics of neurons, a particularly important part of the investigation in recent years has been the exploration of the role of neuromodulators such as dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin on behaviour and learning.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bootstrap",
            "cross-validation",
            "model",
            "holdout",
            "sample"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition to the holdout and cross-validation methods, bootstrap, which samples n instances with replacement from the dataset, can be used to assess model accuracy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "man-in-the-middle attack",
            "zero trust security model",
            "post-quantum cryptography",
            "information-theoretically secure",
            "information-theoretic security"
        ],
        "sentence": "In response to problem 1 above, attempts to deliver authentication keys using post-quantum cryptography (or quantum-resistant cryptography) have been proposed worldwide. On the other hand, quantum-resistant cryptography is cryptography belonging to the class of computational security. In 2015, a research result was already published that \"sufficient care must be taken in implementation to achieve information-theoretic security for the system as a whole when authentication keys that are not information-theoretic secure are used\" (if the authentication key is not information-theoretically secure, an attacker can break it to bring all classical and quantum communications under control and relay them to launch a man-in-the-middle attack).\nEricsson, a private company, also cites and points out the above problems and then presents a report that it may not be able to support the zero trust security model, which is a recent trend in network security technology.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "set"
        ],
        "sentence": "Examples of such intuitive definitions are \"a set is a collection of objects\", \"natural number is what is used for counting\", \"a point is a shape with a zero length in every direction\", \"a curve is a trace left by a moving point\", etc."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Alois Hitler",
            "illegitimate",
            "Maria Anna Schicklgruber"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler's father, Alois Hitler (1837\u20131903), was the illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cinema of the United States",
            "Hollywood",
            "American Film Institute",
            "LA Film School",
            "six major film studios",
            "East Coast",
            "major film studios",
            "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer",
            "20th Century Fox",
            "Paramount Pictures",
            "most commercially successful movies in the world",
            "The Sound of Music",
            "Star Wars",
            "Titanic",
            "Avatar",
            "film studios"
        ],
        "sentence": "The cinema of the United States, often generally referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The United States cinema (Hollywood) is the oldest film industry in the world and also the largest film industry in terms of revenue. Hollywood is the primary nexus of the U.S. film industry with established film study facilities such as the American Film Institute, LA Film School and NYFA being established in the area. However, four of the six major film studios are owned by East Coast companies. The major film studios of Hollywood including Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 20th Century Fox, and Paramount Pictures are the primary source of the most commercially successful movies in the world, such as  The Sound of Music (1965), Star Wars (1977), Titanic (1997), and Avatar (2009).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Zeno's paradox",
            "geometric series",
            "Euclid",
            "infinite",
            "metric"
        ],
        "sentence": "Supposed paradoxes involving infinite series, such as Zeno's paradox, predated Euclid. Euclid avoided such discussions, giving, for example, the expression for the partial sums of the geometric series in IX.35 without commenting on the possibility of letting the number of terms become infinite.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Diet",
            "bicameral",
            "parliament"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan's legislative organ is the National Diet, a bicameral parliament."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fascist movements",
            "Adolf Hitler",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "crisis",
            "Germany",
            "fascist"
        ],
        "sentence": "Helped by the economic crisis, social instability and the threat of communism, fascist movements developed throughout Europe placing Adolf Hitler in power of what became Nazi Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greek",
            "Greek genocide",
            "genocide"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to various sources, several hundred thousand Greeks died during this period, which was tied in with the Greek genocide."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "attacked Soviet forces around the Kursk Bulge",
            "Kursk",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 5 July 1943, Germany attacked Soviet forces around the Kursk Bulge."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Spain"
        ],
        "sentence": "The occupation caused a dispute between Britain and Spain in November 1940; Spain conceded to protect British rights in the area and promised not to fortify the area."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Reichswehr",
            "Treaty of Versailles"
        ],
        "sentence": "In early 1923, as a goodwill gesture to Germany, Italy secretly delivered weapons for the Reichswehr, which had faced major disarmament under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "North America",
            "states",
            "federal district",
            "unincorporated territories",
            "Minor Outlying Islands",
            "Indian reservations",
            "third-largest",
            "with Canada",
            "with Mexico",
            "the Bahamas",
            "Cuba",
            "Russia",
            "other nations",
            "most populous",
            "Americas",
            "third-most populous",
            "Washington, D.C.",
            "most populous",
            "financial center",
            "New York City"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America and consisting of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third-most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C., and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Robert Greenfield",
            "Picasso",
            "Philip Larkin",
            "Rolling Stone",
            "rock",
            "pop",
            "popular music"
        ],
        "sentence": "Former Rolling Stone associate editor Robert Greenfield compared the Beatles to Picasso, as \"artists who broke through the constraints of their time period to come up with something that was unique and original\u00a0... [I]n the form of popular music, no one will ever be more revolutionary, more creative and more distinctive ...\" The British poet Philip Larkin described their work as \"an enchanting and intoxicating hybrid of Negro rock-and-roll with their own adolescent romanticism\", and \"the first advance in popular music since the War\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Philippines"
        ],
        "sentence": "He also ordered a military buildup in the Philippines, taking both actions in the hope of discouraging Japanese aggression in the Far East."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "exact solutions",
            "Schwarzschild solution",
            "Reissner\u2013Nordstr\u00f6m solution",
            "Kerr metric",
            "Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker",
            "de Sitter universes",
            "G\u00f6del universe",
            "time travel",
            "Taub\u2013NUT solution",
            "homogeneous",
            "anisotropic",
            "anti-de Sitter space",
            "Maldacena conjecture",
            "space",
            "Friedmann",
            "spacetime",
            "Einstein's equations",
            "time",
            "universe",
            "Lema\u00eetre",
            "nonlinear",
            "metric",
            "partial differential equations"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein's equations are nonlinear partial differential equations and, as such, difficult to solve exactly. Nevertheless, a number of exact solutions are known, although only a few have direct physical applications. The best-known exact solutions, and also those most interesting from a physics point of view, are the Schwarzschild solution, the Reissner\u2013Nordstr\u00f6m solution and the Kerr metric, each corresponding to a certain type of black hole in an otherwise empty universe, and the Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker and de Sitter universes, each describing an expanding cosmos. Exact solutions of great theoretical interest include the G\u00f6del universe (which opens up the intriguing possibility of time travel in curved spacetimes), the Taub\u2013NUT solution (a model universe that is homogeneous, but anisotropic), and anti-de Sitter space (which has recently come to prominence in the context of what is called the Maldacena conjecture).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lego Harry Potter: Years 1\u20134",
            "Lego Harry Potter: Years 5\u20137",
            "Traveller's Tales",
            "Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment",
            "Book of Spells",
            "Book of Potions",
            "London Studio",
            "Wonderbook",
            "augmented reality",
            "PlayStation Move",
            "PlayStation Eye",
            "Lego Dimensions",
            "Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment",
            "Portkey Games",
            "Hogwarts Mystery",
            "Lego Harry Potter",
            "Hogwarts",
            "Warner Bros.",
            "theme",
            "Voldemort",
            "PlayStation",
            "Harry Potter",
            "London"
        ],
        "sentence": "The spin-off games Lego Harry Potter: Years 1\u20134 and Lego Harry Potter: Years 5\u20137 were developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The spin-off games Book of Spells and Book of Potions were developed by London Studio and use the Wonderbook, an augmented reality book designed to be used in conjunction with the PlayStation Move and PlayStation Eye. The Harry Potter universe is also featured in Lego Dimensions, with the settings and side characters featured in the Harry Potter Adventure World, and Harry, Voldemort, and Hermione as playable characters. In 2017, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment opened its own Harry Potter-themed game design studio, by the name of Portkey Games, before releasing Hogwarts Mystery in 2018, developed by Jam City.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "control panels",
            "Social Security",
            "IBM"
        ],
        "sentence": "By 1920, electromechanical tabulating machines could add, subtract, and print accumulated totals. Machine functions were directed  by inserting dozens of wire jumpers into removable control panels. When the United States instituted Social Security in 1935, IBM punched-card systems were used to process records of 26 million workers. Punched cards became ubiquitous in industry and government for accounting and administration.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Giovanni Boccaccio",
            "The Decameron",
            "persecution of Jews",
            "beggars",
            "lepers",
            "virulence",
            "epidemics",
            "Roman Catholic Church"
        ],
        "sentence": "The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by Giovanni Boccaccio in The Decameron (1353). It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and led to increased persecution of Jews, beggars and lepers. The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying virulence and mortalities until the 18th century. During this period, more than 100 plague epidemics swept across Europe.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German referendum of 1929",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "The moderate political parties were increasingly unable to stem the tide of extremism, and the German referendum of 1929 helped to elevate Nazi ideology."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "science",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is not even consensus on whether mathematics is an art or a science."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "speculative attacks",
            "pound",
            "gold reserves",
            "Bank of England",
            "gold standard"
        ],
        "sentence": "Every major currency left the gold standard during the Great Depression. The UK was the first to do so. Facing speculative attacks on the pound and depleting gold reserves, in September 1931 the Bank of England ceased exchanging pound notes for gold and the pound was floated on foreign exchange markets.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "submarine warfare"
        ],
        "sentence": "The nature of submarine warfare meant that attacks often came without warning, giving the crews of the merchant ships little hope of survival."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Estonia",
            "Lithuania",
            "Latvia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In December 1918, he drew up decrees recognising Marxist-governed Soviet republics in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia; during the civil war these Marxist governments were overthrown and the Baltic countries became fully independent of Russia, an act Stalin regarded as illegitimate."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Colonel Tom Parker",
            "immigrated illegally",
            "West Virginia",
            "Louisiana",
            "Eddy Arnold",
            "Hank Snow",
            "Odessa, Texas",
            "Roy Orbison",
            "country",
            "Jimmie Davis",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "In January, Neal signed a formal management contract with Presley and brought him to the attention of Colonel Tom Parker, whom he considered the best promoter in the music business. Parker, born in the Netherlands, had immigrated illegally to the U.S. and claimed to be from West Virginia; he had acquired an honorary colonel's commission from the Louisiana governor and country singer Jimmie Davis. Having successfully managed the top country star Eddy Arnold, Parker was working with the new number-one country singer, Hank Snow. Parker booked Presley on Snow's February tour. When the tour reached Odessa, Texas, a 19-year-old Roy Orbison saw Presley for the first time: \"His energy was incredible, his instinct was just amazing.\u00a0... I just didn't know what to make of it. There was just no reference point in the culture to compare it.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan",
            "attack on Pearl Harbor",
            "World War II",
            "side of the Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. entered World War II on the side of the Allies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Winston Churchill"
        ],
        "sentence": "He also began a regular secret correspondence with Britain's First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, in September 1939\u2014the first of 1,700 letters and telegrams between them."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ivan Turgenev"
        ],
        "sentence": "Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pearl Harbor",
            "aerial torpedoes",
            "midget submarine"
        ],
        "sentence": "Admiral Chester Nimitz in a report to Congress confirmed that one midget submarine's torpedo (possibly from the other midget submarine that fired torpedoes but failed to hit a target) which was fired but didn't explode was recovered in Pearl Harbor and it was much larger than the aerial torpedoes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "database",
            "memory",
            "data storage",
            "CPU",
            "neural networks",
            "neurons"
        ],
        "sentence": "Arguments for Dewdney's position are that to implement large and effective software neural networks, much processing and storage resources need to be committed. While the brain has hardware tailored to the task of processing signals through a graph of neurons, simulating even a most simplified form on Von Neumann technology may compel a neural network designer to fill many millions of database rows for its connections\u2014which can consume vast amounts of computer memory and data storage capacity. Furthermore, the designer of neural network systems will often need to simulate the transmission of signals through many of these connections and their associated neurons\u2014which must often be matched with incredible amounts of CPU processing power and time. While neural networks often yield effective programs, they too often do so at the cost of efficiency (they tend to consume considerable amounts of time and money).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Victor Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m",
            "film",
            "Mauritz Stiller"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Sweden, Victor Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m made a series of films that combined the realities of people's lives with their surroundings in a striking manner, while Mauritz Stiller developed sophisticated comedy to a new level.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "L'Enseignement Math\u00e9matique"
        ],
        "sentence": "The oldest journal addressing instruction in mathematics was L'Enseignement Math\u00e9matique, which began publication in 1899."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pure mathematics",
            "integers",
            "arithmetic functions",
            "Carl Friedrich Gauss",
            "prime numbers",
            "mathematical objects",
            "rational numbers",
            "algebraic integers"
        ],
        "sentence": "Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777\u20131855) said, \"Mathematics is the queen of the sciences\u2014and number theory is the queen of mathematics.\" Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects constructed from integers (for example, rational numbers), or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example, algebraic integers).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "attack on Galicia",
            "Western Front",
            "Galicia",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although their attack on Galicia was largely successful, and the invasions achieved their aim of forcing Germany to divert troops from the Western Front, the speed of mobilisation meant they did so without much of their heavy equipment and support functions."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pale lager",
            "pale ale",
            "barley wine",
            "imperial stout",
            "stout",
            "ale",
            "barley"
        ],
        "sentence": "The temperature of a beer has an influence on a drinker's experience; warmer temperatures reveal the range of flavours in a beer but cooler temperatures are more refreshing. Most drinkers prefer pale lager to be served chilled, a low- or medium-strength pale ale to be served cool, while a strong barley wine or imperial stout to be served at room temperature.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "market basket analysis",
            "Web usage mining",
            "intrusion detection",
            "continuous production",
            "bioinformatics"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition to market basket analysis, association rules are employed today in application areas including Web usage mining, intrusion detection, continuous production, and bioinformatics."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "a songwriting partnership",
            "lead vocalist",
            "Hamburg",
            "Lennon and McCartney"
        ],
        "sentence": "In December 1962, the Beatles concluded their fifth and final Hamburg residency. By 1963, they had agreed that all four band members would contribute vocals to their albums \u2013 including Starr, despite his restricted vocal range, to validate his standing in the group. Lennon and McCartney had established a songwriting partnership, and as the band's success grew, their dominant collaboration limited Harrison's opportunities as a lead vocalist. Epstein, to maximise the Beatles' commercial potential, encouraged them to adopt a professional approach to performing. Lennon recalled him saying, \"Look, if you really want to get in these bigger places, you're going to have to change \u2013 stop eating on stage, stop swearing, stop smoking ....\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Berchtesgaden",
            "last will and testament",
            "Hermann Fegelein",
            "Red Army",
            "Germany",
            "Western Allies",
            "de",
            "Berlin"
        ],
        "sentence": "By 23 April the Red Army had surrounded Berlin, and Goebbels made a proclamation urging its citizens to defend the city. That same day, G\u00f6ring sent a telegram from Berchtesgaden, arguing that since Hitler was isolated in Berlin, G\u00f6ring should assume leadership of Germany. G\u00f6ring set a deadline, after which he would consider Hitler incapacitated. Hitler responded by having G\u00f6ring arrested, and in his last will and testament of 29 April, he removed G\u00f6ring from all government positions. On 28 April Hitler discovered that Himmler, who had left Berlin on 20 April, was trying to negotiate a surrender to the Western Allies. He ordered Himmler's arrest and had Hermann Fegelein (Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's HQ in Berlin) shot.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "radiation",
            "radiation sickness"
        ],
        "sentence": "Less than a week after his New York Times story was published, Lawrence also backtracked and dismissed the reports on radiation sickness as Japanese efforts to undermine American morale."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Joel Whitburn",
            "Hot 100",
            "Madonna",
            "Mariah Carey",
            "Hound Dog",
            "the Beatles",
            "number-one hit",
            "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
            "Don't",
            "B",
            "Don't Be Cruel"
        ],
        "sentence": "Presley holds the records for most songs charting in Billboard's top 40 (115) and top 100 (152), according to chart statistician Joel Whitburn, 139 according to Presley historian Adam Victor. Presley's rankings for top ten and number-one hits vary depending on how the double-sided \"Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel\" and \"Don't/I Beg of You\" singles, which precede the inception of Billboard's unified Hot 100 chart, are analyzed. According to Whitburn's analysis, Presley holds the record with 38, tying with Madonna; per Billboard's current assessment, he ranks second with 36. Whitburn and Billboard concur that the Beatles hold the record for most number-one hits with 20, and that Mariah Carey is second with 19. Whitburn has Presley with 18: Billboard has him third with 17. According to\u00a0Billboard,\u00a0 Presley has 79 cumulative weeks at number one: alone at 80, according to Whitburn and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with only Mariah Carey having more with 91 weeks. He holds the records for most number-one singles on the UK chart with 21 and singles reaching the top ten with 76.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "On the orders of his army superiors, Hitler applied to join the party, and within a week was accepted as party member 555 (the party began counting membership at 500 to give the impression they were a much larger party)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Erzurum offensive",
            "occupying Trabzon",
            "offensive",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the 1916 campaign, the Russians defeated the Turks in the Erzurum offensive, also occupying Trabzon."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pacific War",
            "Empire of Japan",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1945, the Pacific War between the Empire of Japan and the Allies entered its fourth year."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French Armed Forces",
            "Lithuanian Army",
            "Klaip\u0117da Revolt",
            "Conference of Ambassadors",
            "Memel Statute",
            "until 1939",
            "Memel",
            "German",
            "League of Nations",
            "territory",
            "annexation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Memel remained under the authority of the League of Nations, with a French Armed Forces garrison, until January 1923.\nOn 9 January 1923, the Lithuanian Army invaded the territory during the Klaip\u0117da Revolt.\nThe French garrison withdrew, and in February the Allies agreed to attach Memel as an \"autonomous territory\" to Lithuania. On 8 May 1924, after negotiations between the Lithuanian Government and the Conference of Ambassadors and action by the League of Nations, the annexation of Memel was ratified. Lithuania accepted the Memel Statute, a power-sharing arrangement to protect non-Lithuanians in the territory and its autonomous status while responsibility for the territory remained with the great powers. The League of Nations mediated between the Germans and Lithuanians on a local level, helping the power-sharing arrangement last until 1939.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Netflix",
            "Netflix Prize"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2006, the media-services provider Netflix held the first \"Netflix Prize\" competition to find a program to better predict user preferences and improve the accuracy of its existing Cinematch movie recommendation algorithm by at least 10%."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Civilian Conservation Corps"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Civilian Conservation Corps enrolled 3.4\u00a0million young men and built 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometres) of trails, planted two billion trees, and upgraded 125,000 miles (201,000 kilometres) of dirt roads."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "NEC PC-98",
            "Amiga 1000",
            "Commodore",
            "PC-98",
            "NEC",
            "operating system",
            "Amiga"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the same year, the NEC PC-98 was introduced, which was a very popular personal computer that sold in more than 18 million units. Another famous personal computer, the revolutionary Amiga 1000, was unveiled by Commodore on 23 July 1985. The Amiga 1000 featured a multitasking, windowing operating system, color graphics with a 4096-color palette, stereo sound, Motorola 68000 CPU, 256\u00a0KB RAM, and 880\u00a0KB 3.5-inch disk drive, for US$1,295.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "saffron",
            "cultivar",
            "tepals",
            "naturalised"
        ],
        "sentence": "A number of names are based on naturalised garden tulips and are usually referred to as neo-tulipae. These are often difficult to trace back to their original cultivar, and in some cases have been occurring in the wild for many centuries. The history of naturalisation is unknown, but populations are usually associated with agricultural practices and are possibly linked to saffron cultivation. Some neo-tulipae have been brought into cultivation, and are often offered as botanical tulips. These cultivated plants can be classified into two Cultivar Groups: 'Grengiolensis Group', with picotee tepals, and the 'Didieri Group' with unicolourous tepals.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "I am leaving Paris, after eight fateful months, with conflicting emotions. Looking at the conference in retrospect, there is much to approve and yet much to regret. It is easy to say what should have been done, but more difficult to have found a way of doing it. To those who are saying that the treaty is bad and should never have been made and that it will involve Europe in infinite difficulties in its enforcement, I feel like admitting it. But I would also say in reply that empires cannot be shattered, and new states raised upon their ruins without disturbance. To create new boundaries is to create new troubles. The one follows the other. While I should have preferred a different peace, I doubt very much whether it could have been made, for the ingredients required for such a peace as I would have were lacking at Paris."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Florida",
            "tropical",
            "Caribbean",
            "Hawaii",
            "Pacific"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hawaii and the southern tip of Florida are tropical, as well as its territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Romania"
        ],
        "sentence": "Under Antonescu Romania was a fascist dictatorship and a totalitarian state."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "artificial neural networks",
            "artificial neural network",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "As deep learning moves from the lab into the world, research and experience show that artificial neural networks are vulnerable to hacks and deception. By identifying patterns that these systems use to function, attackers can modify inputs to ANNs in such a way that the ANN finds a match that human observers would not recognize. For example, an attacker can make subtle changes to an image such that the ANN finds a match even though the image looks to a human nothing like the search target. Such manipulation is termed an \u201cadversarial attack.\u201d\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Smoot\u2013Hawley Tariff Act",
            "protectionist"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is also consensus that protectionist policies, and primarily the passage of the Smoot\u2013Hawley Tariff Act, helped to exacerbate, or even cause the Great Depression."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Adolf Hitler",
            "German chancellor",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Within the Soviet Union, there was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin's government. Social unrest, previously restricted largely to the countryside, was increasingly evident in urban areas, prompting Stalin to ease on some of his economic policies in 1932. In May 1932, he introduced a system of kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce. At the same time, penal sanctions became more severe; at Stalin's instigation, in August 1932 a decree was introduced wherein the theft of even a handful of grain could be a capital offence. The second five-year plan had its production quotas reduced from that of the first, with the main emphasis now being on improving living conditions. It therefore emphasised the expansion of housing space and the production of consumer goods. Like its predecessor, this plan was repeatedly amended to meet changing situations; there was for instance an increasing emphasis placed on armament production after Adolf Hitler became German chancellor in 1933.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum entanglement",
            "matter",
            "wavefunction"
        ],
        "sentence": "But because of what would later be called quantum entanglement, measuring one object would lead to an instantaneous change of the wavefunction describing the other object, no matter how far away it is."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Saar",
            "League of Nations",
            "plebiscite"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 13 January 1935, 15 years after the Saar Basin had been placed under the protection of the League of Nations, a plebiscite was held to determine the future of the area."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In response, French troops advanced farther into Germany until the German troops withdrew."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vox AC30",
            "Vox"
        ],
        "sentence": "As preparations were made for a tour of the US, the Beatles knew that their music would hardly be heard. Having originally used Vox AC30 amplifiers, they later acquired more powerful 100-watt amplifiers, specially designed for them by Vox, as they moved into larger venues in 1964; however, these were still inadequate. Struggling to compete with the volume of sound generated by screaming fans, the band had grown increasingly bored with the routine of performing live. Recognising that their shows were no longer about the music, they decided to make the August tour their last.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tensions did not seriously grow until Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "PCs",
            "Linux",
            "BSD",
            "servers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The addition of 3D graphic capabilities to PCs, and the ability of clusters of Linux- and BSD-based PCs to take on many of the tasks of larger SGI servers, ate into SGI's core markets.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "a constitutional crisis",
            "Russian",
            "constitution"
        ],
        "sentence": "In late 1993, tensions between Yeltsin and the Russian parliament culminated in a constitutional crisis which ended violently through military force. During the crisis, Yeltsin was backed by Western governments, and over 100 people were killed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Second Battle of the Marne",
            "Reims",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Germany launched Operation Marne (Second Battle of the Marne) on 15 July, in an attempt to encircle Reims."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "establishment of the People's Republic of China",
            "Gate of Heavenly Peace",
            "Republic of China"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China from the Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tian'anmen) on 1 October 1949, and later that week declared \"The Chinese people have stood up\" (\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u6b64\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\u4e86). Mao went to Moscow for long talks in the winter of 1949\u201350. Mao initiated the talks which focused on the political and economic revolution in China, foreign policy, railways, naval bases, and Soviet economic and technical aid. The resulting treaty reflected Stalin's dominance and his willingness to help Mao.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "polar deserts",
            "tundra",
            "taiga",
            "mixed and broadleaf forest",
            "forest steppe",
            "steppe",
            "subtropics",
            "carbon dioxide"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia, owing to its gigantic size, has diverse ecosystems, including polar deserts, tundra, forest tundra, taiga, mixed and broadleaf forest, forest steppe, steppe, semi-desert, and subtropics. About half of Russia's territory is forested, and it has the world's largest area of forest, which sequester some of the world's highest amounts of carbon dioxide.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Quantum readout of PUFs",
            "commitment",
            "oblivious transfer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Besides quantum commitment and oblivious transfer (discussed above), research on quantum cryptography beyond key distribution revolves around quantum message authentication, quantum digital signatures, quantum one-way functions and public-key encryption, quantum fingerprinting and entity authentication (for example, see Quantum readout of PUFs), etc.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "actions"
        ],
        "sentence": "The CAA self-learning algorithm computes, in a crossbar fashion, both decisions about actions and emotions (feelings) about consequence situations."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "affiliated"
        ],
        "sentence": "However, these estimates are based on people affiliated with a temple, rather than the number of true believers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "George V",
            "Moltke"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lichnowsky soon realised he was mistaken, although Wilhelm insisted on waiting for a telegram from his cousin George V; once received it confirmed there had been a misunderstanding, and he told Moltke, \"Now do what you want.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fixed-wing aircraft",
            "Italo-Turkish War",
            "aerial photography",
            "reconnaissance",
            "ground attack",
            "anti-aircraft guns",
            "fighter aircraft",
            "Strategic bombers",
            "Zeppelins",
            "Sopwith Camels",
            "T\u00f8nder",
            "Zeppelin",
            "1911",
            "aircraft carriers",
            "Libya",
            "grenade",
            "Germans",
            "Italian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Fixed-wing aircraft were first used militarily by the Italians in Libya on 23 October 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War for reconnaissance, soon followed by the dropping of grenades and aerial photography the next year. By 1914, their military utility was obvious. They were initially used for reconnaissance and ground attack. To shoot down enemy planes, anti-aircraft guns and fighter aircraft were developed. Strategic bombers were created, principally by the Germans and British, though the former used Zeppelins as well. Towards the end of the conflict, aircraft carriers were used for the first time, with HMS Furious launching Sopwith Camels in a raid to destroy the Zeppelin hangars at T\u00f8nder in 1918.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Andes",
            "Chicha",
            "indigenous peoples in Brazil",
            "Cauim",
            "manioc",
            "amylase",
            "Peru",
            "chewing",
            "sugars",
            "maize"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Andes in South America has Chicha, made from germinated maize (corn); while the indigenous peoples in Brazil have Cauim, a traditional drink made since pre-Columbian times by chewing manioc so that an enzyme (amylase) present in human saliva can break down the starch into fermentable sugars; this is similar to Masato in Peru.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "under Hoover",
            "national debt"
        ],
        "sentence": "Government spending increased from 8.0% of the gross national product (GNP) under Hoover in 1932 to 10.2% in 1936. The national debt as a percentage of the GNP had more than doubled under Hoover from 16% to 40% of the GNP in early 1933. It held steady at close to 40% as late as fall 1941, then grew rapidly during the war. The GNP was 34% higher in 1936 than in 1932 and 58% higher in 1940 on the eve of war. That is, the economy grew 58% from 1932 to 1940 in eight years of peacetime, and then grew 56% from 1940 to 1945 in five years of wartime. Unemployment fell dramatically during Roosevelt's first term. It increased in 1938 (\"a depression within a depression\") but continually declined after 1938. Total employment during Roosevelt's term expanded by 18.31\u00a0million jobs, with an average annual increase in jobs during his administration of 5.3%.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau",
            "War Guilt Clause",
            "government",
            "Versailles"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 29 April, the German delegation under the leadership of the Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau arrived in Versailles. On 7 May, when faced with the conditions dictated by the victors, including the so-called \"War Guilt Clause\", von Brockdorff-Rantzau replied to Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George: \"We can sense the full force of hatred that confronts us here.\u00a0... You demand from us to confess we were the only guilty party of war; such a confession in my mouth would be a lie.\"\nBecause Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations, the German government issued a protest against what it considered to be unfair demands, and a \"violation of honour\", soon afterwards withdrawing from the proceedings of the peace conference.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Federal Statistical Office",
            "beer tax",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some microbreweries, such as those in Germany, have been brewing traditionally for hundreds of years. In Germany, there were 901 small breweries in 2010. The Federal Statistical Office defines a small brewery as a brewery with a production of less than 5,000 hectoliters (132,086 US gallons) beer p.a. Small breweries pay a reduced beer tax.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "liberal democracies",
            "treaty of mutual assistance",
            "fascism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin nevertheless recognised the threat posed by fascism and sought to establish better links with the liberal democracies of Western Europe; in May 1935, the Soviets signed a treaty of mutual assistance with France and Czechoslovakia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "games of chance",
            "Gerolamo Cardano",
            "Blaise Pascal",
            "Pierre de Fermat",
            "Christiaan Huygens",
            "Juan Caramuel",
            "probability theory",
            "Jacob Bernoulli's",
            "Ars Conjectandi",
            "method of least squares",
            "Adrien-Marie Legendre",
            "Carl Friedrich Gauss",
            "mathematical analysis"
        ],
        "sentence": "The mathematical foundations of statistics developed from discussions concerning games of chance among mathematicians such as Gerolamo Cardano, Blaise Pascal, Pierre de Fermat, and Christiaan Huygens. Although the idea of probability was already examined in ancient and medieval law and philosophy (such as the work of Juan Caramuel), probability theory as a mathematical discipline only took shape at the very end of the 17th century, particularly in Jacob Bernoulli's posthumous work Ars Conjectandi. This was the first book where the realm of games of chance and the realm of the probable (which concerned opinion, evidence, and argument) were combined and submitted to mathematical analysis. The method of least squares was first described by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1805, though Carl Friedrich Gauss presumably made use of it a decade earlier in 1795.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Spanish Civil War",
            "Republican faction",
            "International Brigades",
            "Nationalist faction",
            "Second Sino-Japanese War",
            "non-aggression pact",
            "Kuomintang",
            "Chinese Communist Party",
            "civil war",
            "United Front",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Communist International",
            "a non-aggression pact"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, the Soviets sent 648 aircraft and 407 tanks to the left-wing Republican faction; these were accompanied by 3,000 Soviet troops and 42,000 members of the International Brigades set up by the Communist International. Stalin took a strong personal involvement in the Spanish situation. Germany and Italy backed the Nationalist faction, which was ultimately victorious in March 1939. With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937, the Soviet Union and China signed a non-aggression pact the following August. Stalin aided the Chinese as the Kuomintang (KMT) nationalists and the Chinese Communist Party had suspended their civil war and formed the desired United Front.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Percy Ludgate",
            "programmable",
            "mechanical computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following Babbage, although at first unaware of his earlier work, was Percy Ludgate, a clerk to a corn merchant in Dublin, Ireland. He independently designed a programmable mechanical computer, which he described in a work that was published in 1909.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russian economy",
            "11th by nominal",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Russian economy ranks 11th by nominal GDP, relying heavily upon its abundant natural resources."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "noh",
            "ky\u014dgen",
            "kabuki",
            "bunraku"
        ],
        "sentence": "The four traditional theaters from Japan are noh, ky\u014dgen, kabuki, and bunraku."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some areas in Northern Italy were liberated from the Germans as late as May, 1945."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "opening day",
            "British Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "The opening day on 1 July 1916 was the bloodiest single day in the history of the British Army, which suffered 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 dead."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society",
            "Mathematical Reviews"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to Mikhail B. Sevryuk, in the January\u00a02006 issue of the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, \"The number of papers and books included in the Mathematical Reviews database since 1940 (the first year of operation of MR) is now more than 1.9\u00a0million, and more than 75\u00a0thousand items are added to the database each year."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ancient Greeks",
            "Pythagoreans",
            "Elements",
            "Archimedes",
            "Syracuse",
            "solids of revolution",
            "method of exhaustion",
            "area",
            "parabola",
            "summation of an infinite series",
            "conic sections",
            "Apollonius of Perga",
            "trigonometry",
            "Hipparchus of Nicaea",
            "Greek mathematics",
            "Ancient Greek",
            "Euclid",
            "Diophantus",
            "postulates",
            "algebra",
            "axiomatic method",
            "knowledge",
            "formulas"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 6th century BC, Greek mathematics began to emerge as a distinct discipline and some Ancient Greeks such as the Pythagoreans appeared to have considered it a subject in its own right. Around 300 BC, Euclid organized mathematical knowledge by way of postulates and first principles, which evolved into the axiomatic method that is used in mathematics today, consisting of definition, axiom, theorem, and proof. His book, Elements, is widely considered the most successful and influential textbook of all time. The greatest mathematician of antiquity is often held to be Archimedes (c.\u2009287\u00a0\u2013 c.\u2009212 BC) of Syracuse. He developed formulas for calculating the surface area and volume of solids of revolution and used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, in a manner not too dissimilar from modern calculus. Other notable achievements of Greek mathematics are conic sections (Apollonius of Perga, 3rd century BC), trigonometry (Hipparchus of Nicaea, 2nd century BC), and the beginnings of algebra (Diophantus, 3rd century AD).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "electromagnetism",
            "friction",
            "coordinate",
            "E\u00f6tv\u00f6s",
            "E\u00f6tv\u00f6s experiment",
            "equivalence principle",
            "test body",
            "force",
            "free fall",
            "space",
            "time",
            "body",
            "geometry",
            "acceleration",
            "inertial",
            "weak",
            "mass",
            "gravity",
            "gravitation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Conversely, one might expect that inertial motions, once identified by observing the actual motions of bodies and making allowances for the external forces (such as electromagnetism or friction), can be used to define the geometry of space, as well as a time coordinate. However, there is an ambiguity once gravity comes into play. According to Newton's law of gravity, and independently verified by experiments such as that of E\u00f6tv\u00f6s and its successors (see E\u00f6tv\u00f6s experiment), there is a universality of free fall (also known as the weak equivalence principle, or the universal equality of inertial and passive-gravitational mass): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties. A simplified version of this is embodied in Einstein's elevator experiment, illustrated in the figure on the right: for an observer in an enclosed room, it is impossible to decide, by mapping the trajectory of bodies such as a dropped ball, whether the room is stationary in a gravitational field and the ball accelerating, or in free space aboard a rocket that is accelerating at a rate equal to that of the gravitational field versus the ball which upon release has nil acceleration.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Changsha",
            "Puyi",
            "absolute monarchy",
            "republicanism",
            "Sun Yat-sen",
            "Tongmenghui",
            "Manchu",
            "queue"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1911, Mao began middle school in Changsha. Revolutionary sentiment was strong in the city, where there was widespread animosity towards Emperor Puyi's absolute monarchy and many were advocating republicanism. The republicans' figurehead was Sun Yat-sen, an American-educated Christian who led the Tongmenghui society. In Changsha, Mao was influenced by Sun's newspaper, The People's Independence (Minli bao), and called for Sun to become president in a school essay. As a symbol of rebellion against the Manchu monarch, Mao and a friend cut off their queue pigtails, a sign of subservience to the emperor.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lord, Have Mercy on Us",
            "hymn",
            "Saint Wenceslaus Chorale",
            "Saint Adalbert of Prague",
            "Prague",
            "Czech",
            "Czech lands",
            "Saint Wenceslaus"
        ],
        "sentence": "The musical tradition of the Czech lands arose from the first church hymns, whose first evidence is suggested at the break of the 10th and 11th centuries. Some pieces of Czech music include two chorales, which in their time performed the function of anthems: \"Lord, Have Mercy on Us\" and the hymn \"Saint Wenceslaus\" or \"Saint Wenceslaus Chorale\". The authorship of the anthem \"Lord, Have Mercy on Us\" is ascribed by some historians to Saint Adalbert of Prague (sv.Vojt\u011bch), bishop of Prague, living between 956 and 997.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bockscar"
        ],
        "sentence": "Touching down on only three engines midway down the landing strip, Bockscar bounced up into the air again for about 7.6 meters (25\u00a0ft) before slamming back down hard."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "CIA",
            "Russia",
            "Germany",
            "Kingdom",
            "Italy",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "This includes (ranks according to the CIA): Germany (6), Russia (7), the United Kingdom (10), France (11) and Italy (13)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hypothesis Z",
            "Dobruja",
            "Giurgiu",
            "Southern Dobruja",
            "Romania",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Transylvania",
            "offensive"
        ],
        "sentence": "Under the strategic plan known as Hypothesis Z, the Romanian army planned an offensive into Transylvania, while defending Southern Dobruja and Giurgiu against a possible Bulgarian counterattack."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Iceland",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "Sub-regions like Iceland, Britain and Ireland are special cases."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Trenton, New Jersey"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein's remains were cremated in Trenton, New Jersey, and his ashes were scattered at an undisclosed location."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "artificial neurons",
            "neurons",
            "brain",
            "synapses",
            "brain",
            "real number",
            "weight",
            "model"
        ],
        "sentence": "An ANN is a model based on a collection of connected units or nodes called \"artificial neurons\", which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit information, a \"signal\", from one artificial neuron to another. An artificial neuron that receives a signal can process it and then signal additional artificial neurons connected to it. In common ANN implementations, the signal at a connection between artificial neurons is a real number, and the output of each artificial neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections between artificial neurons are called \"edges\". Artificial neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Government",
            "gold standard"
        ],
        "sentence": "The world financial crisis now began to overwhelm Britain; investors around the world started withdrawing their gold from London at the rate of \u00a32.5\u00a0million per day. Credits of \u00a325\u00a0million each from the Bank of France and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and an issue of \u00a315\u00a0million fiduciary note slowed, but did not reverse the British crisis. The financial crisis now caused a major political crisis in Britain in August 1931. With deficits mounting, the bankers demanded a balanced budget; the divided cabinet of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government agreed; it proposed to raise taxes, cut spending, and most controversially, to cut unemployment benefits 20%. The attack on welfare was unacceptable to the Labour movement. MacDonald wanted to resign, but King George V insisted he remain and form an all-party coalition \"National Government\". The Conservative and Liberals parties signed on, along with a small cadre of Labour, but the vast majority of Labour leaders denounced MacDonald as a traitor for leading the new government. Britain went off the gold standard, and suffered relatively less than other major countries in the Great Depression. In the 1931 British election, the Labour Party was virtually destroyed, leaving MacDonald as Prime Minister for a largely Conservative coalition.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Leigh light",
            "hedgehog",
            "squid",
            "homing torpedoes",
            "against German",
            "submarines",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Gradually, improving Allied technologies such as the Leigh light, hedgehog, squid, and homing torpedoes proved effective against German submarines."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Serbia",
            "Hungarian"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the war Austro-Hungarian officers in Serbia ordered troops to \"exterminate and burn everything that is Serbian\", and hangings and mass shootings were everyday occurrences."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Slovak Republic",
            "Romania",
            "Romani"
        ],
        "sentence": "He demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany and its Axis allies Hungary, Romania, and the Slovak Republic."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cambrai",
            "Haber process",
            "nitrogen fixation",
            "fragmentation",
            "Adrian helmet",
            "Brodie helmet",
            "Stahlhelm",
            "Verdun",
            "Germans",
            "Gallipoli"
        ],
        "sentence": "Much of the combat involved trench warfare, in which hundreds often died for each metre gained. Many of the deadliest battles in history occurred during World War\u00a0I. Such battles include Ypres, the Marne, Cambrai, the Somme, Verdun, and Gallipoli. The Germans employed the Haber process of nitrogen fixation to provide their forces with a constant supply of gunpowder despite the British naval blockade. Artillery was responsible for the largest number of casualties and consumed vast quantities of explosives. The large number of head wounds caused by exploding shells and fragmentation forced the combatant nations to develop the modern steel helmet, led by the French, who introduced the Adrian helmet in 1915. It was quickly followed by the Brodie helmet, worn by British Imperial and US troops, and in 1916 by the distinctive German Stahlhelm, a design, with improvements, still in use today.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Novosibirsk",
            "Yekaterinburg",
            "Nizhny Novgorod",
            "Chelyabinsk",
            "Krasnoyarsk",
            "Kazan"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other major urban areas in the country include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Kazan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "She's Not You",
            "Down in the Alley",
            "Hi-Heel Sneakers",
            "'O sole mio",
            "Elvis Is Back!",
            "Jordanaires",
            "blues",
            "pop",
            "Are You Lonesome Tonight",
            "It's Now or Never",
            "number-one hit",
            "RCA Victor",
            "Stuck on You",
            "Are You Lonesome Tonight?",
            "ballad",
            "rock and roll",
            "Elvis",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "After his return from military service in 1960, Presley continued to perform rock and roll, but the characteristic style was substantially toned down. His first post-Army single, the number-one hit \"Stuck on You\", is typical of this shift. RCA Victor publicity referred to its \"mild rock beat\"; discographer Ernst Jorgensen calls it \"upbeat pop\". The number five \"She's Not You\" (1962) \"integrates the Jordanaires so completely, it's practically doo-wop\". The modern blues/R&B sound captured with success on Elvis Is Back! was essentially abandoned for six years until such 1966\u201367 recordings as \"Down in the Alley\" and \"Hi-Heel Sneakers\". Presley's output during most of the 1960s emphasized pop music, often in the form of ballads such as \"Are You Lonesome Tonight?\", a number-one in 1960. \"It's Now or Never\", which also topped the chart that year, was a classically influenced variation of pop based on the Neapolitan song \"'O sole mio\" and concluding with a \"full-voiced operatic cadence\". These were both dramatic numbers, but most of what Presley recorded for his many film soundtracks was in a much lighter vein.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "carbon dioxide",
            "trap",
            "pressure vessel",
            "keg",
            "added sugar",
            "fermentation",
            "carbonation",
            "yeast"
        ],
        "sentence": "During fermentation, most of the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape through a trap, and the beer is left with carbonation of only about one atmosphere of pressure. The carbonation is often increased either by transferring the beer to a pressure vessel such as a keg and introducing pressurised carbon dioxide or by transferring it before the fermentation is finished so that carbon dioxide pressure builds up inside the container as the fermentation finishes. Sometimes the beer is put unfiltered (so it still contains yeast) into bottles with some added sugar, which then produces the desired amount of carbon dioxide inside the bottle.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "volunteers",
            "Eastern Front",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "His greatest collaboration with Germany was the sending of volunteers to fight on the Eastern Front."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "American Samoa",
            "Second Samoan Civil War"
        ],
        "sentence": "American Samoa was acquired by the United States in 1900 after the end of the Second Samoan Civil War."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Second Lieutenant",
            "Morris R. Jeppson"
        ],
        "sentence": "His assistant, Second Lieutenant Morris R. Jeppson, removed the safety devices 30 minutes before reaching the target area."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Comintern",
            "Mikhail Borodin",
            "Peasant Movement Training Institute",
            "Guangzhou",
            "Shaoshan",
            "zh"
        ],
        "sentence": "In late 1924, Mao returned to Shaoshan, perhaps to recuperate from an illness. He found that the peasantry were increasingly restless and some had seized land from wealthy landowners to found communes. This convinced him of the revolutionary potential of the peasantry, an idea advocated by the KMT leftists but not the Communists. Mao and many of his colleagues also proposed the end of cooperation with the KMT, which was rejected by the Comintern representative Mikhail Borodin. In the winter of 1925, Mao fled to Guangzhou after his revolutionary activities attracted the attention of Zhao's regional authorities. There, he ran the 6th term of the KMT's Peasant Movement Training Institute from May to September 1926. The Peasant Movement Training Institute under Mao trained cadre and prepared them for militant activity, taking them through military training exercises and getting them to study basic left-wing texts.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deductive reasoning",
            "proven",
            "reason",
            "prove"
        ],
        "sentence": "Through a series of rigorous arguments employing deductive reasoning, a statement that is proven to be true becomes a theorem."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "great apes",
            "domesticated",
            "species"
        ],
        "sentence": "Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, dogs' minds inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans more than any other species and they are uniquely attuned to human behaviors. Behavioral scientists have uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in domestic dogs. These abilities are not possessed by the dog's closest canine relatives or other highly intelligent mammals, such as great apes, but rather parallel to children's social-cognitive skills.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "composite function",
            "map",
            "function",
            "linear form"
        ],
        "sentence": "be a linear map. For every linear form h on W, the composite function h \u2218 f is a linear form on V. This defines a linear map\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "we shall fight on the beaches"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill himself referred to \"a miracle of deliverance\" in his \"we shall fight on the beaches\" speech to the Commons that afternoon, though he shortly reminded everyone that: \"We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bank runs",
            "bank run"
        ],
        "sentence": "But $2\u00a0billion was not enough to save all the banks, and bank runs and bank failures continued."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "qubits",
            "commitment",
            "oblivious transfer"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the BQSM, one can construct commitment and oblivious transfer protocols. The underlying idea is the following: The protocol parties exchange more than Q quantum bits (qubits). Since even a dishonest party cannot store all that information (the quantum memory of the adversary is limited to Q qubits), a large part of the data will have to be either measured or discarded. Forcing dishonest parties to measure a large part of the data allows the protocol to circumvent the impossibility result, commitment and oblivious transfer protocols can now be implemented.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria",
            "Franz Joseph",
            "Sarajevo",
            "Bosnia and Herzegovina"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to Emperor Franz Joseph, visited Sarajevo, capital of the recently annexed provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Enola Gay",
            "Tinian",
            "The Great Artiste",
            "Charles Sweeney",
            "Necessary Evil",
            "photography aircraft",
            "Kokura",
            "North Field",
            "Nagasaki",
            "Hiroshima",
            "393d Bombardment Squadron"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hiroshima was the primary target of the first atomic bombing mission on 6 August, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternative targets. The 393d Bombardment Squadron B-29 Enola Gay, named after Tibbets's mother and piloted by Tibbets, took off from North Field, Tinian, about six hours' flight time from Japan. Enola Gay was accompanied by two other B-29s: The Great Artiste, commanded by Major Charles Sweeney, which carried instrumentation, and a then-nameless aircraft later called Necessary Evil, commanded by Captain George Marquardt. Necessary Evil was the photography aircraft.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quashed an uprising in Iraq",
            "Syria",
            "invaded and occupied the French possessions of Syria and Lebanon",
            "Free French",
            "British",
            "German",
            "occupied",
            "invaded"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the Middle East in May, Commonwealth forces quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria. Between June and July, British-led forces invaded and occupied the French possessions of Syria and Lebanon, assisted by the Free French.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allied invasion of Sicily",
            "armistice",
            "Operation Oak",
            "Italian Social Republic",
            "northern Italy",
            "co-belligerent",
            "Civil War",
            "Italian Co-Belligerent Army",
            "partisans",
            "Mussolini was killed",
            "Allies",
            "West",
            "Sicily",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 25 July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, King Victor Emmanuel III dismissed Mussolini, placed him under arrest, and began secret negotiations with the Western Allies. An armistice was signed on 8 September 1943, and four days later Mussolini was rescued by the Germans in Operation Oak and placed in charge of a puppet state called the Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana/RSI, or Repubblica di Sal\u00f2) in northern Italy. In order to liberate the country from the Germans and Fascists, Italy became a co-belligerent of the Allies; as result, the country descended in Civil War, with the Italian Co-Belligerent Army and the partisans, supported by the Allies, contended the Social Republic's forces and its German allies. Some areas in Northern Italy were liberated from the Germans as late as May, 1945. Mussolini was killed by Communist partisans on 28 April 1945 while trying to escape to Switzerland.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Saikaku",
            "Bash\u014d",
            "Kokinsh\u016b",
            "haikai",
            "haiku",
            "Oku no Hosomichi"
        ],
        "sentence": "The popularity of the works of Saikaku, for example, reveals this change in readership and authorship, while Bash\u014d revivified the poetic tradition of the Kokinsh\u016b with his haikai (haiku) and wrote the poetic travelogue Oku no Hosomichi."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "poison gas",
            "phosgene",
            "mustard gas",
            "tear gas",
            "cyanogen chloride",
            "Luzon",
            "Chemical Warfare Service",
            "biological weapons",
            "New Guinea",
            "Operation Olympic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Marshall began contemplating the use of a weapon that was \"readily available and which assuredly can decrease the cost in American lives\": poison gas. Quantities of phosgene, mustard gas, tear gas and cyanogen chloride were moved to Luzon from stockpiles in Australia and New Guinea in preparation for Operation Olympic, and MacArthur ensured that Chemical Warfare Service units were trained in their use. Consideration was also given to using biological weapons.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "military personnel",
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "Estimates also vary on the number of Japanese military personnel killed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Gakush\u016bin",
            "Nogi Maresuke"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1908, he began elementary studies at the Gakush\u016bin (Peers School). Emperor Mutsuhito, then appointed General Nogi Maresuke to be the Gakush\u016bin's tenth president as well as the one in-charge on educating his grandson. The main aspect that they focused was on physical education and health, primarily because Hirohito was a sickly child, on par with the impartment or inculcation of values such as frugality, patience, manliness, self-control, and devotion to the duty at hand.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Google",
            "RankBrain",
            "Go",
            "R"
        ],
        "sentence": "Google officially released RankBrain on October 26, 2015, backed by TensorFlow.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prince Sh\u014dtoku",
            "Asuka period",
            "Buddhism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class, including figures like Prince Sh\u014dtoku, and gained widespread acceptance beginning in the Asuka period (592\u2013710)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "\"Game of Thrones: Season Eight Ratings\"",
            "eighth season"
        ],
        "sentence": "For the eighth season, see \"Game of Thrones: Season Eight Ratings\". TV Series Finale. April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2019.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Eldar Ryazanov",
            "Leonid Gaidai",
            "Sergey Bondarchuk",
            "Oscar",
            "film adaptation",
            "War and Peace",
            "the most expensive film",
            "Vladimir Motyl",
            "White Sun of the Desert",
            "ostern",
            "cosmonauts",
            "Soviet cinema",
            "Leo Tolstoy",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Vladimir",
            "cosmonaut",
            "cinema",
            "Russian",
            "dissolution of the Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. The comedies of Eldar Ryazanov and Leonid Gaidai of that time were immensely popular, with many of the catchphrases still in use today. In 1961\u201368 Sergey Bondarchuk directed an Oscar-winning film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's epic War and Peace, which was the most expensive film made in the Soviet Union. In 1969, Vladimir Motyl's White Sun of the Desert was released, a very popular film in a genre of ostern; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian cinema industry suffered large losses\u2014however, since the late 2000s, it has seen growth once again, and continues to expand.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Frikorps Danmark",
            "Atlantic Wall",
            "Eastern Front",
            "German Army",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1941 Danish Nazis set up the Frikorps Danmark. Thousands of volunteers fought and many died as part of the German Army on the Eastern Front. Denmark sold agricultural and industrial products to Germany and made loans for armaments and fortifications. The German presence in Denmark included the construction of part of the Atlantic Wall fortifications which Denmark paid for and was never reimbursed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1994 FIFA World Cup",
            "Canada",
            "Mexico",
            "2026 FIFA World Cup",
            "with Canada"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and will co-host, along with Canada and Mexico, the 2026 FIFA World Cup."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Newtonian theory of gravitation",
            "theory of gravitation",
            "waves",
            "gravitational waves",
            "gravitation"
        ],
        "sentence": "By contrast, gravitational waves cannot exist in the Newtonian theory of gravitation, which postulates that the physical interactions of gravity propagate at infinite speed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Campobello Island"
        ],
        "sentence": "Eleanor never felt at home in the houses at Hyde Park or New York, but she loved the family's vacation home on Campobello Island, which Sara also gave the couple."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Joseph Stalin",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Potsdam Conference"
        ],
        "sentence": "The meeting also considered what Truman could reveal to Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, at the upcoming Potsdam Conference, as this also required British concurrence."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of Versailles",
            "war guilt clause",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the end of World War I, German citizens felt that their country had been humiliated as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which included a war guilt clause and forced Germany to pay enormous reparations payments and forfeit territories formerly controlled by the German Empire and all its colonies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "densest rail networks in the world",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Czech Republic has one of the densest rail networks in the world. As of 2020, the country has 9,542 kilometers (5,929\u00a0mi) of lines. Of that number, 3,236\u00a0km (2,011\u00a0mi) is electrified, 7,503\u00a0km (4,662\u00a0mi) are single-line tracks and 2,040\u00a0km (1,270\u00a0mi) are double and multiple-line tracks. The length of tracks is 15,360\u00a0km (9,540\u00a0mi), out of which 6,917\u00a0km (4,298\u00a0mi) is electrified.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Giovanni da Verrazzano",
            "France",
            "New World",
            "Native American inhabitants",
            "New York Bay",
            "Spanish Empire",
            "Florida",
            "New Mexico",
            "Saint Augustine",
            "Santa Fe",
            "established",
            "Mississippi River",
            "Gulf of Mexico",
            "New Orleans",
            "Mobile"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, sent by France to the New World in 1525, encountered Native American inhabitants in the present-day New York Bay region. The Spanish Empire set up their first settlements in Florida and New Mexico, including in Saint Augustine, which is often considered the nation's oldest city, and Santa Fe. The French established their own settlements along the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico, including in New Orleans and Mobile.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fifth-largest exporter",
            "fourth-largest importer",
            "Hong Kong"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan was the world's fifth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer in 2022. Its exports amounted to 18.4% of its total GDP in 2021. As of 2022, Japan's main export markets were China (23.9 percent, including Hong Kong) and the United States (18.5 percent). Its main exports are motor vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors, and auto parts. Japan's main import markets as of 2022 were China (21.1 percent), the United States (9.9 percent), and Australia (9.8 percent). Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, and raw materials for its industries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "General relativity",
            "spacetime",
            "space"
        ],
        "sentence": "General relativity includes a dynamical spacetime, so it is difficult to see how to identify the conserved energy and momentum."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Central Powers",
            "Finland",
            "Poland"
        ],
        "sentence": "The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Joseph Laniel",
            "Bermuda"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill hosted Eisenhower to no avail at the Three-Powers Bermuda Conference (with French Prime Minister Joseph Laniel being the third participant) in December 1953; they met again in June/July 1954 at the White House."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "La F\u00e9e aux Choux (The Fairy of the Cabbages)",
            "Alice Guy",
            "Edison Manufacturing Company",
            "The May Irwin Kiss",
            "film censorship",
            "film",
            "editing",
            "narrative"
        ],
        "sentence": "Experiments in film editing, special effects, narrative construction, and camera movement during this period by filmmakers in France, England, and the United States became influential in establishing an identity for film going forward. At both the Edison and Lumi\u00e8re studios, loose narratives such as the 1895 Edison film, Washday Troubles, established short relationship dynamics and simple storylines. In 1896, La F\u00e9e aux Choux (The Fairy of the Cabbages) was first released. Directed and edited by Alice Guy, the story is arguably the earliest narrative film in history, as well as the first film to be directed by a woman. That same year, the Edison Manufacturing Company released The May Irwin Kiss in May to widespread financial success. The film, which featured the first kiss in cinematic history, led to the earliest known calls for film censorship.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "native language",
            "Slavic language",
            "Eurasia"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is the most spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Albert Ottinger",
            "Republican"
        ],
        "sentence": "Party leaders eventually convinced him only he could defeat the Republican gubernatorial nominee, New York Attorney General Albert Ottinger."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Heinrich Himmler",
            "Reinhard Heydrich",
            "de",
            "genocide"
        ],
        "sentence": "The genocide was organised and executed by Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Balkan Federation"
        ],
        "sentence": "There, he offered advice on their ideas; for instance he cautioned against the Yugoslav idea for a Balkan Federation incorporating Bulgaria and Albania."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Peter Jennings",
            "Todd Brewster",
            "Herbert P. Bix",
            "Mark Felton",
            "Three Alls Policy",
            "scorched earth",
            "war crimes"
        ],
        "sentence": "While some authors, like journalists Peter Jennings and Todd Brewster, say that throughout the war, the Emperor was \"outraged\" at Japanese war crimes and the political dysfunction of many societal institutions that proclaimed their loyalty to him, and sometimes spoke up against them, others, such as historians Herbert P. Bix and Mark Felton, as well as the expert on China\u2019s international relations Michael Tai, point out that Hirohito personally sanctioned the \"Three Alls Policy\" (Sank\u014d Sakusen), a scorched earth strategy implemented in China from 1942 to 1945 and which was both directly and indirectly responsible for the deaths of \"more than 2.7 million\" Chinese civilians.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "stimulated emission",
            "maser",
            "laser"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1917, at the height of his work on relativity, Einstein published an article in Physikalische Zeitschrift that proposed the possibility of stimulated emission, the physical process that makes possible the maser and the laser."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Siberia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1912, he was arrested again and imprisoned in the Shpalerhy Prison, before being sentenced to three years exile in Siberia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "elementary charge",
            "\u03b2 function",
            "function",
            "charge",
            "coupling constant"
        ],
        "sentence": "As an example, the coupling constant in QED, namely the elementary charge e, has the following \u03b2 function:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German invasion of the Soviet Union",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Eastern Front",
            "Hungarian Second Army",
            "Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "\nAlthough Hungary did not initially participate in the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Hungary and the Soviet Union became belligerents on 27 June 1941. Over 500,000 soldiers served on the Eastern Front. All five of Hungary's field armies ultimately participated in the war against the Soviet Union; a significant contribution was made by the Hungarian Second Army."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "West Slavic",
            "Great Moravia",
            "Svatopluk I",
            "East Francia",
            "Balkans",
            "largest"
        ],
        "sentence": "The powerful West Slavic state of Great Moravia spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under Svatopluk I and causing a series of armed conflicts with East Francia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the RAF air base",
            "Habbaniyah"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hostilities between the Iraqi and British forces began on 2 May 1941, with heavy fighting at the RAF air base in Habbaniyah."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "perfect fifth",
            "fr",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "For example, an octave doubles the frequency and a perfect fifth multiplies it by \n\n\n\n\n\n3\n2\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {3}{2}}}\n\n."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "offsets",
            "seeds",
            "micropropagation",
            "tissue culture",
            "asexual",
            "genetic",
            "clones",
            "cultivar",
            "species",
            "subspecies",
            "hybrids",
            "cross-pollinate",
            "sterile",
            "cultivars",
            "hybrid"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tulips can be propagated through bulb offsets, seeds or micropropagation. Offsets and tissue culture methods are means of asexual propagation for producing genetic clones of the parent plant, which maintains cultivar genetic integrity. Seeds are most often used to propagate species and subspecies or to create new hybrids. Many tulip species can cross-pollinate with each other, and when wild tulip populations overlap geographically with other tulip species or subspecies, they often hybridise and create mixed populations. Most commercial tulip cultivars are complex hybrids, and often sterile.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "invasion of Yugoslavia",
            "Yugoslavia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hungarians permitted German troops to transit through their territory during the invasion of Yugoslavia, and Hungarian forces joined the military operations after the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lyndon B. Johnson",
            "Great Society",
            "President",
            "policies"
        ],
        "sentence": "President Lyndon B. Johnson initiated the \"Great Society\", introducing sweeping legislation and policies to address poverty and racial inequalities."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chen Duxiu",
            "Hu Shih",
            "Qian Xuantong",
            "Shaoshan",
            "Hunan"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the university, Mao was snubbed by other students due to his rural Hunanese accent and lowly position. He joined the university's Philosophy and Journalism Societies and attended lectures and seminars by the likes of Chen Duxiu, Hu Shih, and Qian Xuantong. Mao's time in Beijing ended in the spring of 1919, when he travelled to Shanghai with friends who were preparing to leave for France. He did not return to Shaoshan, where his mother was terminally ill. She died in October 1919 and her husband died in January 1920.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Imperial Japanese Navy",
            "Japanese Foreign Ministry"
        ],
        "sentence": "The proposed pact was met with mixed reviews in Japan, with a faction of ultra-nationalists within the government supporting the pact while the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Japanese Foreign Ministry were staunchly opposed to the pact."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "austerity measures",
            "credit",
            "Chile"
        ],
        "sentence": "After six years of government austerity measures, which succeeded in reestablishing Chile's creditworthiness, Chileans elected to office during the 1938\u201358 period a succession of center and left-of-center governments interested in promoting economic growth through government intervention."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japanese naval codes",
            "victory at Midway",
            "Imperial Japanese Navy",
            "Japan",
            "Japanese Navy"
        ],
        "sentence": "In early June, Japan put its operations into action, but the Americans, having broken Japanese naval codes in late May, were fully aware of the plans and order of battle, and used this knowledge to achieve a decisive victory at Midway over the Imperial Japanese Navy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Wordsworth Donisthorpe",
            "Louis Le Prince",
            "William Friese-Greene",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "Multiple inventors including Wordsworth Donisthorpe, Louis Le Prince, and William Friese-Greene experimented with prototype motion picture projection devices in the pursuit of creating and displaying films. The scenes in these experiments were usually filmed with family, friends or passing traffic as the moving subjects. Most of these films never passed the experimental stage and their efforts garnered little public attention until after cinema had become successful.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "U.S. Male",
            "Suspicious Minds",
            "In the Ghetto"
        ],
        "sentence": "Marsh praises his 1968 reading of \"U.S. Male\", \"bearing down on the hard guy lyrics, not sending them up or overplaying them but tossing them around with that astonishingly tough yet gentle assurance that he brought to his Sun records.\" The performance on \"In the Ghetto\" is, according to Jorgensen, \"devoid of any of his characteristic vocal tricks or mannerisms\", instead relying on the exceptional \"clarity and sensitivity of his voice\". Guralnick describes the song's delivery as of \"almost translucent eloquence\u00a0... so quietly confident in its simplicity\". On \"Suspicious Minds\", Guralnick hears essentially the same \"remarkable mixture of tenderness and poise\", but supplemented with \"an expressive quality somewhere between stoicism (at suspected infidelity) and anguish (over impending loss)\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Michael Jackson",
            "Berliner Weisse",
            "altbier",
            "ale",
            "stout",
            "Belgian specialities",
            "trappist beer",
            "barley wine",
            "wheat beers",
            "pale lager",
            "wheat",
            "pale lagers",
            "barley",
            "trap",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Beer writer Michael Jackson proposed a five-level scale for serving temperatures: well chilled (7\u00a0\u00b0C or 45\u00a0\u00b0F) for \"light\" beers (pale lagers); chilled (8\u00a0\u00b0C or 46\u00a0\u00b0F) for Berliner Weisse and other wheat beers; lightly chilled (9\u00a0\u00b0C or 48\u00a0\u00b0F) for all dark lagers, altbier and German wheat beers; cellar temperature (13\u00a0\u00b0C or 55\u00a0\u00b0F) for regular British ale, stout and most Belgian specialities; and room temperature (15.5\u00a0\u00b0C or 60\u00a0\u00b0F) for strong dark ales (especially trappist beer) and barley wine.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic",
            "Czech",
            "Czech Republic"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic was held 11\u201312 January 2013, with a runoff on 25\u201326 January.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "temperate",
            "prevailing wind direction is from the west",
            "Gulf Stream",
            "Gulf of Mexico",
            "Atlantic ocean",
            "continent",
            "Atlantic Ocean"
        ],
        "sentence": "Europe lies mainly in the temperate climate zone of the northern hemisphere, where the prevailing wind direction is from the west. The climate is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the Gulf Stream, an ocean current which carries warm water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic ocean to Europe. The Gulf Stream is nicknamed \"Europe's central heating\", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "battleships",
            "decisive battle"
        ],
        "sentence": "As a result, Yamamoto (and his successors) hoarded battleships for a \"decisive battle\" that never happened."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Francesco Saverio Nitti",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "Francesco Saverio Nitti took Orlando's place in signing the treaty of Versailles."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Westminster College",
            "Fulton, Missouri",
            "President Truman"
        ],
        "sentence": "Speaking on 5 March 1946 in the company of President Truman at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, Churchill declared:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Henry Colebrooke"
        ],
        "sentence": "Indian mathematics remained largely unknown in Europe until the late eighteenth century; Brahmagupta and Bh\u0101skara's work was translated into English in 1817 by Henry Colebrooke.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "coalition government"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May, Asquith agreed under parliamentary pressure to form an all-party coalition government, but the Conservatives' one condition of entry was that Churchill must be removed from the Admiralty."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French",
            "German",
            "Italian",
            "F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale",
            "kennel clubs",
            "breed"
        ],
        "sentence": "The White Swiss Shepherd Dog (French: Berger Blanc Suisse, German: Weisser Schweizer Sch\u00e4ferhund, Italian: Pastore Svizzero Bianco) is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in Switzerland. It descends from the American White Shepherds; the first stud dog of what was to become the breed was an American dog born in 1966 and imported to Switzerland. The variety was recognised by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale as a separate breed in 2003, and it is now recognised by a number of national kennel clubs.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "algebraic numbers",
            "prime ideals",
            "prime numbers",
            "can be answered",
            "Dedekind zeta functions",
            "Riemann zeta function",
            "sequence",
            "numbers",
            "zeta function",
            "algebra",
            "analytic number theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "One may ask analytic questions about algebraic numbers, and use analytic means to answer such questions; it is thus that algebraic and analytic number theory intersect. For example, one may define prime ideals (generalizations of prime numbers in the field of algebraic numbers) and ask how many prime ideals there are up to a certain size. This question can be answered by means of an examination of Dedekind zeta functions, which are generalizations of the Riemann zeta function, a key analytic object at the roots of the subject. This is an example of a general procedure in analytic number theory: deriving information about the distribution of a sequence (here, prime ideals or prime numbers) from the analytic behavior of an appropriately constructed complex-valued function.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sony",
            "Invincible"
        ],
        "sentence": "The release of Invincible was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him in the early 2000s, after which he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep the profits, but clauses in the contract set the revert date years into the future. Jackson sought an early exit from his contract. Invincible was released on October 30, 2001. It was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and the last album of original material he released in his lifetime. It debuted at number one in 13 countries, and went on to sell eight\u00a0million copies worldwide, receiving double-platinum certification in the US.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computational science",
            "mathematics",
            "computation"
        ],
        "sentence": "The academic, political, and funding aspects of computer science tend to depend on whether a department is formed with a mathematical emphasis or with an engineering emphasis. Computer science departments with a mathematics emphasis and with a numerical orientation consider alignment with computational science. Both types of departments tend to make efforts to bridge the field educationally if not across all research.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "unsupervised learning",
            "supervised learning",
            "training data"
        ],
        "sentence": "Semi-supervised learning falls between unsupervised learning (without any labeled training data) and supervised learning (with completely labeled training data)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Statistical theory",
            "decision problems",
            "risk",
            "expected loss",
            "procedure",
            "parameter estimation",
            "hypothesis testing",
            "selecting the best",
            "estimation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Statistical theory studies decision problems such as minimizing the risk (expected loss) of a statistical action, such as using a procedure in, for example, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and selecting the best."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "or",
            "theorems"
        ],
        "sentence": "On the contrary, many important mathematical results (theorems) are solutions of problems that other mathematicians failed to solve, and the invention of a way for solving them may be a fundamental way of the solving process."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Under-Secretary of State",
            "Colonial Office",
            "junior ministerial"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the new government, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonial Office, a junior ministerial position that he had requested."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Southern Dobruja"
        ],
        "sentence": "Bulgaria was allowed to keep Southern Dobruja, but had to give up all claims to Greek and Yugoslav territory."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Netherlands"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Netherlands is the world's main producer of commercial tulip plants, producing as many as 3 billion bulbs annually, the majority for export.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "River Tyne"
        ],
        "sentence": "One of Churchill's first tasks as a minister was to arbitrate in an industrial dispute among ship-workers and employers on the River Tyne."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "hops",
            "trub",
            "wort",
            "kettle",
            "filtering",
            "cool",
            "aroma",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "A hopback is a traditional additional chamber that acts as a sieve or filter by using whole hops to clear debris (or \"trub\") from the unfermented (or \"green\") wort, as the whirlpool does, and also to increase hop aroma in the finished beer. It is a chamber between the brewing kettle and wort chiller. Hops are added to the chamber, the hot wort from the kettle is run through it, and then immediately cooled in the wort chiller before entering the fermentation chamber. Hopbacks utilizing a sealed chamber facilitate maximum retention of volatile hop aroma compounds that would normally be driven off when the hops contact the hot wort. While a hopback has a similar filtering effect as a whirlpool, it operates differently: a whirlpool uses centrifugal forces, a hopback uses a layer of whole hops to act as a filter bed. Furthermore, while a whirlpool is useful only for the removal of pelleted hops (as flowers do not tend to separate as easily), in general hopbacks are used only for the removal of whole flower hops (as the particles left by pellets tend to make it through the hopback). The hopback has mainly been substituted in modern breweries by the whirlpool.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "microcomputer",
            "end user",
            "technician",
            "minicomputers",
            "mainframes",
            "time-sharing",
            "home computer",
            "Digital Revolution"
        ],
        "sentence": "A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose microcomputer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. Personal computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer expert or technician. Unlike large, costly minicomputers and mainframes, time-sharing by many people at the same time is not used with personal computers. Primarily in the late 1970s and 1980s, the term home computer was also used. The advent of personal computers and the concurrent Digital Revolution have significantly affected the lives of people in all countries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nagasaki",
            "Kyoto"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 25 July, Nagasaki was put on the target list in place of Kyoto."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Commonwealth War Graves Commission",
            "American Battle Monuments Commission",
            "German War Graves Commission",
            "Le Souvenir fran\u00e7ais"
        ],
        "sentence": "Close to battlefields, those buried in improvised burial grounds were gradually moved to formal graveyards under the care of organisations such as the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, the American Battle Monuments Commission, the German War Graves Commission, and Le Souvenir fran\u00e7ais."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "reconnaissance",
            "ground attack"
        ],
        "sentence": "They were initially used for reconnaissance and ground attack."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quark",
            "flavours",
            "asymptotic freedom",
            "Standard Model",
            "action",
            "strong interaction",
            "coupling constant",
            "weak"
        ],
        "sentence": "where Nf is the number of quark flavours. In the case where Nf \u2264 16 (the Standard Model has Nf = 6), the coupling constant g decreases as the energy scale increases. Hence, while the strong interaction is strong at low energies, it becomes very weak in high-energy interactions, a phenomenon known as asymptotic freedom.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Operation Valkyrie",
            "Claus von Stauffenberg",
            "Hitler's headquarters",
            "Wolf's Lair",
            "Rastenburg"
        ],
        "sentence": "Part of Operation Valkyrie, the plot involved Claus von Stauffenberg planting a bomb in one of Hitler's headquarters, the Wolf's Lair at Rastenburg."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "invaded the Italian mainland",
            "Italy's armistice with the Allies",
            "invaded",
            "Italy",
            "armistice",
            "the Italian mainland",
            "Allies",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 3 September 1943, the Western Allies invaded the Italian mainland, following Italy's armistice with the Allies and the ensuing German occupation of Italy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cambrai",
            "Gallipoli",
            "Verdun"
        ],
        "sentence": "Such battles include Ypres, the Marne, Cambrai, the Somme, Verdun, and Gallipoli."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nazism",
            "fascism",
            "nationalist"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rise of Nazism and fascism included a revival of the nationalist spirit and a rejection of many post-war changes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "parallel postulate",
            "Elements",
            "propositions",
            "proved",
            "Euclid",
            "axioms",
            "geometry"
        ],
        "sentence": "To the ancients, the parallel postulate seemed less obvious than the others. They aspired to create a system of absolutely certain propositions, and to them, it seemed as if the parallel line postulate required proof from simpler statements. It is now known that such a proof is impossible since one can construct consistent systems of geometry (obeying the other axioms) in which the parallel postulate is true, and others in which it is false. Euclid himself seems to have considered it as being qualitatively different from the others, as evidenced by the organization of the Elements: his first 28 propositions are those that can be proved without it.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "CD-R",
            "CD-RW",
            "Audio CDs",
            "MP3",
            "peer-to-peer networks",
            "Napster",
            "Kazaa",
            "Gnutella",
            "hard drive",
            "personal computer",
            "CD-ROM",
            "ROM"
        ],
        "sentence": "The ROM in CD-ROM stands for Read Only Memory. In the late 1990s CD-R and later, rewritable CD-RW drives were included instead of standard CD ROM drives. This gave the personal computer user the capability to copy and \"burn\" standard Audio CDs which were playable in any CD player. As computer hardware grew more powerful and the MP3 format became pervasive, \"ripping\" CDs into small, compressed files on a computer's hard drive became popular. peer-to-peer networks such as Napster, Kazaa and Gnutella arose to be used almost exclusively for sharing music files and became a primary computer activity for many individuals.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "The Twilight Zone",
            "Beauty and the Beast"
        ],
        "sentence": "I had worked in Hollywood myself for about 10 years, from the late '80s to the '90s. I'd been on the staff of The Twilight Zone and Beauty and the Beast. All of my first drafts tended to be too big or too expensive. I always hated the process of having to cut. I said, 'I'm sick of this, I'm going to write something that's as big as I want it to be, and it's going to have a cast of characters that go into the thousands, and I'm going to have huge castles, and battles, and dragons.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "MEXT",
            "elementary",
            "junior high school"
        ],
        "sentence": "Starting in April 2016, various schools began the academic year with elementary school and junior high school integrated into one nine-year compulsory schooling program; MEXT plans for this approach to be adopted nationwide."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "encirclement of German forces at Stalingrad",
            "Rzhev salient near Moscow",
            "Stalingrad",
            "counter-offensive",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviets began their second winter counter-offensive, starting with an encirclement of German forces at Stalingrad, and an assault on the Rzhev salient near Moscow, though the latter failed disastrously."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "H. S. Bhatavdekar",
            "filmmakers",
            "India",
            "films",
            "Indian film"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Wrestlers (1899) and The Man and His Monkeys (1899), directed and produced by Harischandra Sakharam Bhatawdekar (H. S. Bhatavdekar), were the first two films made by Indian filmmakers, which were both short films. He was also the first Indian filmmaker to direct and produce the first documentary and news related film, titled The Landing of Sir M.M. Bhownuggree.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World War II",
            "Keynesian",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to the Keynesians, this improved the economy, but Roosevelt never spent enough to bring the economy out of recession until the start of World War II."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere",
            "hegemony",
            "Asia",
            "Japan",
            "E"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, essentially a Japanese hegemony which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Triple Entente",
            "Anglo-Russian Convention",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Triple Entente was completed by the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cinematograph Act 1909",
            "primary legislation",
            "Film exhibitions",
            "cellulose nitrate",
            "limelight",
            "Cinematograph"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Britain, the Cinematograph Act 1909 was the first primary legislation to specifically regulate the film industry. Film exhibitions often took place in temporary venues and the use of highly flammable cellulose nitrate for film, combined with limelight illumination, created a significant fire hazard. The Act specified a strict building code which required, amongst other things, that the projector be enclosed within a fire resisting enclosure.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jimmy Carter",
            "blues",
            "pop",
            "country",
            "rhythm and blues",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "President Jimmy Carter remarked on Presley's legacy in 1977: \"His music and his personality, fusing the styles of white country and black rhythm and blues, permanently changed the face of American popular culture. His following was immense, and he was a symbol to people the world over of the vitality, rebelliousness, and good humor of his country.\" Presley also heralded the vastly expanded reach of celebrity in the era of mass communication: at the age of 21, within a year of his first appearance on American network television, he was regarded as one of the most famous people in the world.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "derivative"
        ],
        "sentence": "A common notation, introduced by Leibniz, for the derivative in the example above is\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "highest life expectancy",
            "a population decline"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan has the world's highest life expectancy, though it is experiencing a population decline."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bias",
            "overgeneralized",
            "represented",
            "sample",
            "sampling",
            "data"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ways to avoid misuse of statistics include using proper diagrams and avoiding bias. Misuse can occur when conclusions are overgeneralized and claimed to be representative of more than they really are, often by either deliberately or unconsciously overlooking sampling bias. Bar graphs are arguably the easiest diagrams to use and understand, and they can be made either by hand or with simple computer programs. Most people do not look for bias or errors, so they are not noticed. Thus, people may often believe that something is true even if it is not well represented. To make data gathered from statistics believable and accurate, the sample taken must be representative of the whole. According to Huff, \"The dependability of a sample can be destroyed by [bias]... allow yourself some degree of skepticism.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "George Bernard Shaw",
            "H."
        ],
        "sentence": "He personally met with a range of Western visitors, including George Bernard Shaw and H."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "architecture",
            "Albert Speer",
            "proposed architectural renovations of Berlin",
            "multi-nation boycott",
            "officiated",
            "Winter Games",
            "Garmisch-Partenkirchen",
            "Summer Games",
            "de",
            "Berlin",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler's government sponsored architecture on an immense scale. Albert Speer, instrumental in implementing Hitler's classicist reinterpretation of German culture, was placed in charge of the proposed architectural renovations of Berlin. Despite a threatened multi-nation boycott, Germany hosted the 1936 Olympic Games. Hitler officiated at the opening ceremonies and attended events at both the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the Summer Games in Berlin.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sumerian",
            "Cuneiform",
            "Ur",
            "Bedrich Hrozny",
            "Assyrian",
            "Hattusa",
            "Hittites"
        ],
        "sentence": "Styles of beer go back at least to Mesopotamia. The Alulu Tablet, a Sumerian receipt for \"best\" ale written in Cuneiform found in Ur, suggests that even in 2050 BC there was a differentiation between at least two different types or qualities of ale. The work of Bedrich Hrozny on translating Assyrian merchants' tablets found in Hattusa, revealed that approximately 500 years later the Hittites had over 15 different types of beer.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ramsay MacDonald",
            "re-militarisation of the Rhineland",
            "Rhine"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, following the German re-militarisation of the Rhineland in 1936, stated that he was \"pleased\" that the treaty was \"vanishing\", expressing his hope that the French had been taught a \"severe lesson\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "anti-Semitism",
            "Aliens Bill"
        ],
        "sentence": "Addison makes the point that Churchill opposed anti-Semitism (as in 1904, when he was fiercely critical of the proposed Aliens Bill) and argues that he would never have tried \"to stoke up racial animosity against immigrants, or to persecute minorities\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mathematical analysis",
            "mathematical"
        ],
        "sentence": "The calculus was the first achievement of modern mathematics and it is difficult to overestimate its importance. I think it defines more unequivocally than anything else the inception of modern mathematics, and the system of mathematical analysis, which is its logical development, still constitutes the greatest technical advance in exact thinking."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kurt von Schleicher",
            "chancellor",
            "Gregor Strasser",
            "de",
            "Ernst R\u00f6hm"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler targeted Ernst R\u00f6hm and other SA leaders who, along with a number of Hitler's political adversaries (such as Gregor Strasser and former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), were rounded up, arrested, and shot."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "media philosophy",
            "clickwork",
            "Amazon Mechanical Turk",
            "microwork",
            "gamification",
            "CAPTCHAs",
            "search results pages",
            "tagging faces",
            "Facebook",
            "information mining",
            "quantified-self",
            "activity trackers",
            "clickwork",
            "Google",
            "Go",
            "labeled",
            "training"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most Deep Learning systems rely on training and verification data that is generated and/or annotated by humans. It has been argued in media philosophy that not only low-paid clickwork (e.g. on Amazon Mechanical Turk) is regularly deployed for this purpose, but also implicit forms of human microwork that are often not recognized as such. The philosopher Rainer M\u00fchlhoff distinguishes five types of \"machinic capture\" of human microwork to generate training data: (1) gamification (the embedding of annotation or computation tasks in the flow of a game), (2) \"trapping and tracking\" (e.g. CAPTCHAs for image recognition or click-tracking on Google search results pages), (3) exploitation of social motivations (e.g. tagging faces on Facebook to obtain labeled facial images), (4) information mining (e.g. by leveraging quantified-self devices such as activity trackers) and (5) clickwork.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Trichoderma viride",
            "glasshouses"
        ],
        "sentence": "The fungus Trichoderma viride can infect tulips, producing dried leaf tips and reduced growth, although symptoms are usually mild and only present on bulbs growing in glasshouses.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Arabic",
            "his main treatise",
            "algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "The term algebra is derived from the Arabic word al-jabr meaning 'the reunion of broken parts' that he used for naming one of these methods in the title of his main treatise."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bad World Tour",
            "Wembley Stadium",
            "Guinness World Record",
            "Bad"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Bad World Tour ran from September 12, 1987, to January 14, 1989. In Japan, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record for a single tour. The 504,000 people who attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium set a new Guinness World Record.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "sensitivity and specificity",
            "false positive rate",
            "false negative rate",
            "total operating characteristic",
            "receiver operating characteristic",
            "model"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively. Similarly, investigators sometimes report the false positive rate (FPR) as well as the false negative rate (FNR). However, these rates are ratios that fail to reveal their numerators and denominators. The total operating characteristic (TOC) is an effective method to express a model's diagnostic ability. TOC shows the numerators and denominators of the previously mentioned rates, thus TOC provides more information than the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ROC's associated area under the curve (AUC).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Armistice of Salonica",
            "Wilhelm II",
            "Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand I",
            "German Supreme Army Command",
            "Kaiser Wilhelm II",
            "Imperial Chancellor",
            "Count",
            "Georg von Hertling",
            "Germany",
            "Kaiser",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Central Powers",
            "Ferdinand I",
            "Salonica",
            "Chancellor"
        ],
        "sentence": "The collapse of the Central Powers came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first to sign an armistice, the Armistice of Salonica on 29 September 1918. German Emperor Wilhelm II in his telegram to Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand I described the situation thus: \"Disgraceful! 62,000 Serbs decided the war!\". On the same day, the German Supreme Army Command informed Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Imperial Chancellor Count Georg von Hertling, that the military situation facing Germany was hopeless.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "A declaration of war"
        ],
        "sentence": "A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8 (late December 7 in the US), but not delivered to the US government until the day after the attack."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Banat",
            "Hungarian",
            "Romania",
            "Transylvania",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In September 1914, Russia had acknowledged Romanian rights to Austro-Hungarian territories including Transylvania and Banat, whose acquisition had widespread popular support,  and Russian success against Austria led Romania to join the Entente in the August 1916 Treaty of Bucharest."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "vice presidential",
            "James M. Cox",
            "1920 Democratic National Convention",
            "acclamation",
            "prohibitionist",
            "James",
            "Republican"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt's plan for Hoover to run for the nomination fell through after Hoover publicly declared himself to be a Republican, but Roosevelt decided to seek the 1920 vice presidential nomination. After Governor James M. Cox of Ohio won the party's presidential nomination at the 1920 Democratic National Convention, he chose Roosevelt as his running mate, and the convention nominated him by acclamation. Although his nomination surprised most people, he balanced the ticket as a moderate, a Wilsonian, and a prohibitionist with a famous name. Roosevelt, then 38, resigned as Assistant Secretary after the Democratic convention and campaigned across the nation for the party ticket.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum physics",
            "quantum gravity",
            "unified",
            "strong",
            "weak",
            "electromagnetic",
            "relativity",
            "theory",
            "gravitation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reconciliation of general relativity with the laws of quantum physics remains a problem, however, as there is a lack of a self-consistent theory of quantum gravity. It is not yet known how gravity can be unified with the three non-gravitational forces: strong, weak and electromagnetic.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Andersonville NHS"
        ],
        "sentence": "Memorial at Andersonville NHS for the American airmen who died in the blast\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "lines",
            "angles",
            "circles",
            "surveying",
            "architecture"
        ],
        "sentence": "It started with empirical recipes concerning shapes, such as lines, angles and circles, which were developed mainly for the needs of surveying and architecture, but has since blossomed out into many other subfields."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "waterfowl hunting",
            "agility",
            "breed"
        ],
        "sentence": "Poodles were originally bred for waterfowl hunting. Despite this history, they are currently classified as companion dogs by the FCI. Since the late 1980s, some breeders in the United States and Canada have been selecting for dogs with drive for birds in order to revive the breed for hunting, with some success. Poodles are highly trainable dogs that typically excel in obedience training. Historically, they were a popular circus dog. In addition to hunt tests, they do well in agility and rally. They are among the most popular service dog breeds.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "A number of pro-German Hungarians retreated to Italy and Germany, where they fought until the end of the war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "energy"
        ],
        "sentence": "with state \n\n\n\n\u03c8\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\psi }\n\n in this case having energy \n\n\n\nE\n\n\n{\\displaystyle E}\n\n coincident with the kinetic energy of the particle.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1",
            "The Beatles"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Beatles' 1, a compilation album of the band's British and American number-one hits, was released on 13 November 2000. It became the fastest-selling album of all time, with 3.6\u00a0million sold in its first week and 13\u00a0million within a month. It topped albums charts in at least 28 countries. The compilation had sold 31\u00a0million copies globally by April 2009.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ballistic missile submarines",
            "strategic bombers"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia possesses the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines, and is one of the only three countries operating strategic bombers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Dmitry Donskoy",
            "a milestone defeat",
            "Battle of Kulikovo",
            "Tatars",
            "Mongol",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "hidden variables",
            "spin",
            "particles"
        ],
        "sentence": "A possible resolution to the paradox is to assume that quantum theory is incomplete, and the result of measurements depends on predetermined \"hidden variables\". The state of the particles being measured contains some hidden variables, whose values effectively determine, right from the moment of separation, what the outcomes of the spin measurements are going to be. This would mean that each particle carries all the required information with it, and nothing needs to be transmitted from one particle to the other at the time of measurement. Einstein and others (see the previous section) originally believed this was the only way out of the paradox, and the accepted quantum mechanical description (with a random measurement outcome) must be incomplete.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "francs-tireurs",
            "guerrillas"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition, they tended to suspect that most civilians were potential francs-tireurs (guerrillas) and, accordingly, took and sometimes killed hostages from among the civilian population."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "software agents",
            "actions",
            "game theory",
            "control theory",
            "operations research",
            "information theory",
            "simulation-based optimization",
            "multi-agent systems",
            "swarm intelligence",
            "statistics",
            "genetic algorithms",
            "Markov decision process",
            "dynamic programming",
            "reinforcement learning",
            "optimization"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning concerned with how software agents ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. Due to its generality, the field is studied in many other disciplines, such as game theory, control theory, operations research, information theory, simulation-based optimization, multi-agent systems, swarm intelligence, statistics and genetic algorithms. In reinforcement learning, the environment is typically represented as a Markov decision process (MDP). Many reinforcements learning algorithms use dynamic programming techniques. Reinforcement learning algorithms do not assume knowledge of an exact mathematical model of the MDP and are used when exact models are infeasible. Reinforcement learning algorithms are used in autonomous vehicles or in learning to play a game against a human opponent.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Latin Christendom",
            "Byzantium",
            "Islam",
            "Iberia",
            "Carolingian Renaissance",
            "Alcuin",
            "art",
            "Renaissance",
            "Russia",
            "Europa",
            "Americas"
        ],
        "sentence": "A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam, and limited to northern Iberia, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the Carolingian Renaissance: Europa often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar, Alcuin. The transition of Europe to being a cultural term as well as a geographic one led to the borders of Europe being affected by cultural considerations in the East, especially relating to areas under Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian influence. Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Such cultural considerations were not applied to the Americas, despite their conquest and settlement by European states. Instead, the concept of \"Western civilization\" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia",
            "Slovakia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Germany then invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939, creating the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the country of Slovakia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lebensraum",
            "scorched earth",
            "E",
            "Soviet",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the East, the intended gains of Lebensraum were never attained as fluctuating front-lines and Soviet scorched earth policies denied resources to the German invaders."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Benito Mussolini",
            "Italian",
            "Italian Fascist",
            "Italy",
            "Kingdom of Italy",
            "Italian Social Republic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini formed the Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana in Italian) on 23 September 1943, succeeding the Kingdom of Italy as a member of the Axis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Red Army",
            "Western Allies",
            "Ardennes Offensive",
            "Albert Speer",
            "scorched earth",
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "Germany",
            "de",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "By late 1944, both the Red Army and the Western Allies were advancing into Germany. Recognising the strength and determination of the Red Army, Hitler decided to use his remaining mobile reserves against the American and British armies, which he perceived as far weaker. On 16 December, he launched the Ardennes Offensive to incite disunity among the Western Allies and perhaps convince them to join his fight against the Soviets. After some temporary successes, the offensive failed. With much of Germany in ruins in January 1945, Hitler spoke on the radio: \"However grave as the crisis may be at this moment, it will, despite everything, be mastered by our unalterable will.\" Acting on his view that Germany's military failures meant it had forfeited its right to survive as a nation, Hitler ordered the destruction of all German industrial infrastructure before it could fall into Allied hands. Minister for Armaments Albert Speer was entrusted with executing this scorched earth policy, but he secretly disobeyed the order. Hitler's hope to negotiate peace with the United States and Britain was encouraged by the death of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 12 April 1945, but contrary to his expectations, this caused no rift among the Allies.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Milovan Djilas"
        ],
        "sentence": "After receiving a complaint about this from Yugoslav communist Milovan Djilas, Stalin asked how after experiencing the traumas of war a soldier could \"react normally?"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Baltic Sea",
            "Russian Navy",
            "Ostend"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill sent submarines to the Baltic Sea to assist the Russian Navy and he sent the Marine Brigade to Ostend, forcing a reallocation of German troops."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Austro-Hungarian naval",
            "Mikl\u00f3s Horthy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Political instability plagued the country until Mikl\u00f3s Horthy, a Hungarian nobleman and Austro-Hungarian naval officer, became regent in 1920."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "speed limit",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "As of 2020, the road network in the Czech Republic is 55,768.3 kilometers (34,652.82\u00a0mi) long, out of which 1,276.4\u00a0km (793.1\u00a0mi) are motorways. The speed limit is 50\u00a0km/h (31\u00a0mph) within towns, 90\u00a0km/h (56\u00a0mph) outside of towns and 130\u00a0km/h (81\u00a0mph) on motorways.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Stand by Me",
            "Statesmen Quartet",
            "How Great Thou Art",
            "Jake Hess",
            "gospel"
        ],
        "sentence": "Jorgensen calls the 1966 recording of \"How Great Thou Art\" \"an extraordinary fulfillment of his vocal ambitions\", as Presley \"crafted for himself an ad-hoc arrangement in which he took every part of the four-part vocal, from [the] bass intro to the soaring heights of the song's operatic climax\", becoming \"a kind of one-man quartet\". Guralnick finds \"Stand by Me\" from the same gospel sessions \"a beautifully articulated, almost nakedly yearning performance\", but, by contrast, feels that Presley reaches beyond his powers on \"Where No One Stands Alone\", resorting \"to a kind of inelegant bellowing to push out a sound\" that Jake Hess of the Statesmen Quartet had in his command. Hess himself thought that while others might have voices the equal of Presley's, \"he had that certain something that everyone searches for all during their lifetime.\" Guralnick attempts to pinpoint that something: \"The warmth of his voice, his controlled use of both vibrato technique and natural falsetto range, the subtlety and deeply felt conviction of his singing were all qualities recognizably belonging to his talent but just as recognizably not to be achieved without sustained dedication and effort.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Alfred Thayer Mahan",
            "battleships"
        ],
        "sentence": "A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief that the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "visual effects",
            "Framestore",
            "Tim Webber",
            "visual effects supervisor",
            "The Dark Knight",
            "Gravity",
            "films"
        ],
        "sentence": "The London-based visual effects company Framestore, with Tim Webber the visual effects supervisor, have worked on the films The Dark Knight (2008) and Gravity (2013), with new techniques involved in Gravity taking three years to complete.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "demand",
            "New Deal",
            "government spending"
        ],
        "sentence": "New Deal programs sought to stimulate demand and provide work and relief for the impoverished through increased government spending and the institution of financial reforms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "industrial",
            "consumer products",
            "control systems",
            "microwave ovens",
            "remote controls",
            "industrial robots",
            "computer-aided design",
            "personal computers",
            "mobile devices",
            "smartphones",
            "Internet"
        ],
        "sentence": "A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices like smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which links billions of other computers and users.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World War I",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler dominated his country's war effort during World War II to a greater extent than any other national leader."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "time dilation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Special relativity predicts otherwise. Fig.\u00a05-3 illustrates two common variants of this scenario. Both variants can be analyzed using simple time dilation arguments. In Fig.\u00a05-3a, the receiver observes light from the source as being blueshifted by a factor of \n\n\n\n\u03b3\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\gamma }\n\n. In Fig.\u00a05-3b, the light is redshifted by the same factor.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "matrices",
            "map",
            "dimension",
            "basis"
        ],
        "sentence": "If W is another finite dimensional vector space (possibly the same), with a basis (w1, ..., wn), a linear map f from W to V is well defined by its values on the basis elements, that is (f(w1), ..., f(wn)). Thus, f is well represented by the list of the corresponding column matrices. That is, if \n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Democrat",
            "Versailles"
        ],
        "sentence": "One bloc of Democrats strongly supported the Versailles Treaty, even with reservations added by Lodge."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ireland",
            "Canada"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was especially unpopular among minority ethnic groups\u2014especially the Irish Catholics in Ireland and Australia, and the French Catholics in Canada."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ural Mountains",
            "traditional boundary between Europe and Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Ural Mountains, running north to south through the country's west, are rich in mineral resources, and form the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pearl Harbor"
        ],
        "sentence": "There were no British or American capital ships in the Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "civil code",
            "B\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch",
            "World War II",
            "World War I",
            "Wa"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1896, Japan established a civil code based on the German B\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch, which remains in effect with post\u2013World War II modifications."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fractals",
            "self-similarity",
            "fr",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "Furthermore, fractals possess (usually approximate) self-similarity."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sasanid Persians",
            "Byzantine\u2013Sasanian wars",
            "Asia Minor",
            "Africa",
            "Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring Sasanid Persians were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent Byzantine\u2013Sasanian wars, the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking the Levant and North Africa and making inroads into Asia Minor."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Asiago",
            "Strafexpedition",
            "Albania",
            "capture of Gorizia",
            "Caporetto",
            "Armando Diaz",
            "Piave River",
            "offensive was repulsed",
            "Battle of Vittorio Veneto",
            "Armistice of Villa Giusti",
            "Trieste",
            "Adriatic Sea",
            "Central Powers",
            "offensive",
            "Adriatic",
            "Italy",
            "Asia",
            "Austria-Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the spring of 1916, the Austro-Hungarians counterattacked in Asiago in the Strafexpedition, but made little progress and were pushed by the Italians back to the Tyrol. Although an Italian corps occupied southern Albania in May 1916, their main focus was the Isonzo front which after the capture of Gorizia in August 1916 remained static until October 1917. After a combined Austro-German force won a major victory at Caporetto, Cadorna was replaced by Armando Diaz who retreated more than 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) before holding positions along the Piave River. A second Austrian offensive was repulsed in June 1918 and by October it was clear the Central Powers had lost the war. On 24 October, Diaz launched the Battle of Vittorio Veneto and initially met stubborn resistance,  but with Austria-Hungary collapsing, Hungarian divisions in Italy now demanded they be sent home. When this was granted, many others followed and the Imperial army disintegrated, the Italians taking over 300,000 prisoners. On 3\u00a0November, the Armistice of Villa Giusti ended hostilities between Austria-Hungary and Italy which occupied Trieste and areas along the Adriatic Sea awarded to it in 1915.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "James A. O'Gorman",
            "James"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tammany threw its backing behind James A. O'Gorman, a highly regarded judge whom Roosevelt found acceptable, and O'Gorman won the election in late March."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ural Mountains"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ultimately, by the end of the 16th century, Russia expanded east of the Ural Mountains."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "new neoclassical synthesis",
            "Peter Temin",
            "Christina Romer",
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "deflation",
            "gold standard"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since economic mainstream turned to the new neoclassical synthesis, expectations are a central element of macroeconomic models. According to Peter Temin, Barry Wigmore, Gauti B. Eggertsson and Christina Romer, the key to recovery and to ending the Great Depression was brought about by a successful management of public expectations. The thesis is based on the observation that after years of deflation and a very severe recession important economic indicators turned positive in March 1933 when Franklin D. Roosevelt took office. Consumer prices turned from deflation to a mild inflation, industrial production bottomed out in March 1933, and investment doubled in 1933 with a turnaround in March 1933. There were no monetary forces to explain that turnaround. Money supply was still falling and short-term interest rates remained close to zero. Before March 1933, people expected further deflation and a recession so that even interest rates at zero did not stimulate investment. But when Roosevelt announced major regime changes, people began to expect inflation and an economic expansion. With these positive expectations, interest rates at zero began to stimulate investment just as they were expected to do. Roosevelt's fiscal and monetary policy regime change helped make his policy objectives credible. The expectation of higher future income and higher future inflation stimulated demand and investment. The analysis suggests that the elimination of the policy dogmas of the gold standard, a balanced budget in times of crisis and small government led endogenously to a large shift in expectation that accounts for about 70\u201380% of the recovery of output and prices from 1933 to 1937. If the regime change had not happened and the Hoover policy had continued, the economy would have continued its free fall in 1933, and output would have been 30% lower in 1937 than in 1933.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Limelight",
            "Charlie Chaplin",
            "Claire Bloom",
            "The King's Speech",
            "television",
            "film",
            "19th century"
        ],
        "sentence": "Limelight is probably a unique film in at least one interesting respect. Its two leads, Charlie Chaplin and Claire Bloom, were in the industry in no less than three different centuries. In the 19th century, Chaplin made his theatrical debut at the age of eight, in 1897, in a clog dancing troupe, The Eight Lancaster Lads. In the 21st century, Bloom is still enjoying a full and productive career, having appeared in dozens of films and television series produced up to and including 2022. She received particular acclaim for her role in The King's Speech (2010).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Afro-Eurasia",
            "Africa",
            "Asia",
            "Eurasia",
            "continent"
        ],
        "sentence": "It shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Felix Frankfurter",
            "Robert H. Jackson",
            "Hugo Black",
            "William O. Douglas",
            "Supreme Court"
        ],
        "sentence": "Four of Roosevelt's Supreme Court appointees, Felix Frankfurter, Robert H. Jackson,\nHugo Black, and William O. Douglas, were particularly influential in reshaping the jurisprudence of the Court."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mustard gas",
            "phosgene",
            "gas masks",
            "chemical warfare",
            "strategic bombing",
            "tactical bombing",
            "Hague Conventions",
            "chlorine",
            "Hague Convention"
        ],
        "sentence": "The widespread use of chemical warfare was a distinguishing feature of the conflict. Gases used included chlorine, mustard gas and phosgene. Relatively few war casualties were caused by gas, as effective countermeasures to gas attacks were quickly created, such as gas masks. The use of chemical warfare and small-scale strategic bombing (as opposed to tactical bombing) were both outlawed by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, and both proved to be of limited effectiveness, though they captured the public imagination.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Boeing B-29 Superfortress",
            "Pacific War"
        ],
        "sentence": "While the United States had developed plans for an air campaign against Japan prior to the Pacific War, the capture of Allied bases in the western Pacific in the first weeks of the conflict meant that this offensive did not begin until mid-1944 when the long-ranged Boeing B-29 Superfortress became ready for use in combat."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nara period",
            "Heij\u014d-ky\u014d",
            "Nara",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Nara period (710\u2013784) marked the emergence of a Japanese state centered on the Imperial Court in Heij\u014d-ky\u014d (modern Nara)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "relativity"
        ],
        "sentence": "In general relativity the perihelion shift \n\n\n\n\u03c3\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\sigma }\n\n, expressed in radians per revolution, is approximately given by\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deficit spending",
            "the currency"
        ],
        "sentence": "The devaluation of the currency had an immediate effect. Japanese textiles began to displace British textiles in export markets. The deficit spending proved to be most profound and went into the purchase of munitions for the armed forces. By 1933, Japan was already out of the depression. By 1934, Takahashi realized that the economy was in danger of overheating, and to avoid inflation, moved to reduce the deficit spending that went towards armaments and munitions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Scream",
            "Childhood",
            "You Are Not Alone",
            "Janet",
            "Billboard Hot 100"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first single from HIStory was \"Scream/Childhood\". \"Scream\", a duet with Jackson's youngest sister Janet, protests the media's treatment of Jackson during the 1993 child abuse allegations against him. The single reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for \"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\". The second single, \"You Are Not Alone\", holds the Guinness world record for the first song to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It received a Grammy nomination for \"Best Pop Vocal Performance\" in 1995.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "German historian Hagen Schulze said the Treaty placed Germany \"under legal sanctions, deprived of military power, economically ruined, and politically humiliated.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "clashing with the expansionist Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "Militarily, the Soviets also faced a threat from the east, with Soviet troops clashing with the expansionist Japanese in the latter part of the 1930s."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930"
        ],
        "sentence": "In April 1941 Rashid Ali, on seizing power in a coup, repudiated the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 and demanded that the British abandon their military bases and withdraw from the country.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "multi-party",
            "representative democracy",
            "federal",
            "democracy"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is structured as a multi-party representative democracy, with the federal government composed of three branches:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allies",
            "surrendered",
            "unconditional surrender"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Japanese may have surrendered without the bombings, but only an unconditional surrender would satisfy the Allies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "icons",
            "frescos",
            "Andrei Rublev",
            "Russian Academy of Arts",
            "Ivan Argunov",
            "Dmitry Levitzky",
            "Vladimir Borovikovsky",
            "Karl Briullov",
            "Alexander Ivanov",
            "Romantic",
            "Ivan Aivazovsky",
            "marine art",
            "painting",
            "Vladimir",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos. In the early 15th-century, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia's most treasured religious art. The Russian Academy of Arts, which was established in 1757, to train Russian artists, brought Western techniques of secular painting to Russia. In the 18th century, academicians Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential. The early 19th century saw many prominent paintings by Karl Briullov and Alexander Ivanov, both of whom were known for Romantic historical canvases. Ivan Aivazovsky, another Romantic painter, is considered one of the greatest masters of marine art.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mead",
            "cider",
            "Old Norse",
            "Old English",
            "malted",
            "German",
            "ale",
            "alcoholic drinks"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Old English and Old Norse, the beer-word did not denote a malted alcoholic drink like ale, but a sweet, potent drink made from honey and the juice of one or more fruits other than grapes, much less ubiquitous than ale, perhaps served in the kind of tiny drinking cups sometimes found in early mediaeval grave goods: a drink more like mead or cider. In German, however, the meaning of the beer-word expanded to cover the meaning of the ale-word already before our earliest surviving written evidence. As German hopped ale became fashionable in England in the late Middle Ages, the English word beer took on the German meaning, and thus in English too, beer came during the early modern period to denote hopped, malt-based alcoholic drinks.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone",
            "best-selling book series in history",
            "available in 85 languages",
            "Harry Potter"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February\u00a02023, the books have sold more than 600\u00a0million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italy",
            "Germany",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Europe, Germany and Italy were becoming more aggressive."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Scottish Highlands",
            "plains",
            "Southern Europe",
            "Ural Mountains",
            "Pyrenees",
            "Alps",
            "Carpathians",
            "Scandinavian Mountains",
            "Celtic Sea",
            "North Sea",
            "Baltic Sea",
            "Barents Sea",
            "art",
            "continent",
            "Scottish"
        ],
        "sentence": "The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and Alps/Carpathians. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian Mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex and Barents Sea.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pure state"
        ],
        "sentence": "In general, a bipartite pure state \u03c1 is entangled if and only if its reduced states are mixed rather than pure.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "British Burma",
            "Thailand",
            "Burma",
            "French Indochina"
        ],
        "sentence": "Thailand also returned the portions of British Burma and French Indochina that had been annexed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computer-assisted proofs",
            "Feit\u2013Thompson theorem",
            "or",
            "proofs"
        ],
        "sentence": "The emergence of computer-assisted proofs has allowed proof lengths to further expand, such as the 255-page Feit\u2013Thompson theorem."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allied Big Four",
            "Declaration by United Nations",
            "Atlantic Charter",
            "separate peace",
            "United Kingdom",
            "Axis powers",
            "United States",
            "Axis",
            "Soviet Union",
            "United Nations"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 1 January 1942, the Allied Big Four\u2014the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States\u2014and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the Declaration by United Nations, thereby affirming the Atlantic Charter, and agreeing not to sign a separate peace with the Axis powers.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Schr\u00f6dinger equation",
            "particle in a box"
        ],
        "sentence": "The general solutions of the Schr\u00f6dinger equation for the particle in a box are\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ARM's",
            "Android",
            "Google",
            "inference",
            "iOS"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 2017, Google announced a software stack specifically for mobile development, TensorFlow Lite. In January 2019, the TensorFlow team released a developer preview of the mobile GPU inference engine with OpenGL ES 3.1 Compute Shaders on Android devices and Metal Compute Shaders on iOS devices. In May 2019, Google announced that their TensorFlow Lite Micro (also known as TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers) and ARM's uTensor would be merging.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hokkaido",
            "Honshu",
            "Shikoku",
            "Kyushu",
            "Okinawa"
        ],
        "sentence": "The country's five main islands, from north to south, are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and Okinawa."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet cinema",
            "The Battleship Potemkin",
            "greatest film of all time",
            "Brussels World's Fair",
            "cinema",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin, which was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "unemployment insurance"
        ],
        "sentence": "He also became the first governor to publicly endorse the idea of unemployment insurance."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Maslenitsa",
            "East Slavic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Maslenitsa is an ancient and popular East Slavic folk holiday."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Duce",
            "Benito Mussolini",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "Italy under Duce Benito Mussolini had pursued a strategic alliance of Italy with Germany against France since the early 1920s."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Serbia",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Having initiated war preparations on 25 July, Russia now ordered general mobilisation in support of Serbia on 30th."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nippon Eigasha"
        ],
        "sentence": "All Nippon Eigasha's reels were confiscated by the American authorities, but they were requested by the Japanese government, and declassified."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Trade Boards Bill"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1909, he introduced the Trade Boards Bill, creating Trade Boards which could prosecute exploitative employers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prime Minister",
            "Kantar\u014d Suzuki",
            "Cairo Declaration",
            "mokusatsu",
            "Potsdam Declaration"
        ],
        "sentence": "That afternoon, Prime Minister Kantar\u014d Suzuki declared at a press conference that the Potsdam Declaration was no more than a rehash (yakinaoshi) of the Cairo Declaration, that the government intended to ignore it (mokusatsu, \"kill by silence\"), and that Japan would fight to the end."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces",
            "Philippine Commonwealth"
        ],
        "sentence": "Despite stubborn resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces, the Philippine Commonwealth was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "natural resources",
            "high productivity"
        ],
        "sentence": "The nation's economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of Rome",
            "European Economic Community",
            "Western Europe",
            "Rome"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Treaty of Rome in 1957 established the European Economic Community between six Western European states with the goal of a unified economic policy and common market."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "integral",
            "differential calculus"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein recorded that he had \"mastered integral and differential calculus\" while still just fourteen."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the end of 1930 unemployment had more than doubled from 1\u00a0million to 2.5\u00a0million (20% of the insured workforce), and exports had fallen in value by 50%."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rus' people",
            "Norse",
            "Baltic Sea",
            "Novgorod"
        ],
        "sentence": "The name Rus' itself comes from the early medieval Rus' people, who were originally a group of Norse merchants and warriors who relocated from across the Baltic Sea and first settled in the northern region of Novgorod, and later founded a state centred on Kiev."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western civilisation",
            "ancient Greece",
            "ancient Rome",
            "fall of the Western Roman Empire",
            "Migration Period",
            "ancient history",
            "Middle Ages",
            "Renaissance",
            "Florence",
            "humanism",
            "art",
            "science",
            "modern era",
            "Age of Discovery",
            "Spain",
            "Portugal",
            "European powers colonised",
            "Americas",
            "Oceania",
            "Africa",
            "Asia",
            "continent"
        ],
        "sentence": "European culture is the root of Western civilisation, which traces its lineage back to ancient Greece and ancient Rome. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE and the related Migration Period marked the end of Europe's ancient history, and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance began in Florence and spread to the rest of the continent, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, exploration, art, and science which contributed to the beginning of the modern era. Since the Age of Discovery, led by Spain and Portugal, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world.\nBetween the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers colonised at various times the Americas, almost all of Africa and Oceania, and the majority of Asia.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "last glacial period"
        ],
        "sentence": "The last cold episode of the last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Androecium",
            "introrse",
            "stamens",
            "flowers",
            "tepals"
        ],
        "sentence": "Androecium: The flowers have six distinct, basifixed introrse stamens arranged in two whorls of three, which vary in length and may be glabrous or hairy. The filaments are shorter than the tepals and dilated towards their base.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "programming languages",
            "features",
            "mathematics",
            "linguistics",
            "software engineering",
            "software",
            "Programming language theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "Programming language theory is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and their individual features. It falls within the discipline of computer science, both depending on and affecting mathematics, software engineering, and linguistics. It is an active research area, with numerous dedicated academic journals.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "detected",
            "SCR-270 radar",
            "Opana Point"
        ],
        "sentence": "As the first wave approached Oahu, it was detected by the U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's northern tip."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "agricultural collectivisation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Across Eastern Europe, the Soviet model was enforced, with a termination of political pluralism, agricultural collectivisation, and investment in heavy industry."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anglo-German naval arms race",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "Bismarck thought that the British would not interfere in Europe, so long as its maritime supremacy remained secure, but his dismissal in 1890 led to a change in policy and an Anglo-German naval arms race began."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Frankish",
            "Charles Martel",
            "Battle of Poitiers",
            "art"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Umayyads were then defeated by the Frankish leader Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers in 732, which ended their northward advance."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "individual neurons",
            "neurons",
            "neural circuit"
        ],
        "sentence": "Many models are used; defined at different levels of abstraction, and modeling different aspects of neural systems. They range from models of the short-term behaviour of individual neurons, through models of the dynamics of neural circuitry arising from interactions between individual neurons, to models of behaviour arising from abstract neural modules that represent complete subsystems. These include models of the long-term and short-term plasticity of neural systems and their relation to learning and memory, from the individual neuron to the system level.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Top-fermenting yeast",
            "esters",
            "yeast"
        ],
        "sentence": "Top-fermenting yeast typically ferments at higher temperatures 15\u201323\u00a0\u00b0C (59\u201373\u00a0\u00b0F), producing significant amounts of esters and other secondary flavours and aromas, often resembling those of apple, pear, pineapple, grass, hay, banana, plum or prune.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Crown Princess M\u00e4rtha of Norway",
            "James",
            "World War II",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "Another son, James, stated that \"there is a real possibility that a romantic relationship existed\" between his father and Crown Princess M\u00e4rtha of Norway, who resided in the White House during part of World War II."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "The seventh paragraph gives the reason for the ending of hostilities against the Allies:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries globally."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Europe first",
            "invaded",
            "occupied by Japan",
            "liberation",
            "Japan",
            "Philippines"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. pursued a \"Europe first\" defense policy, with the Philippines being invaded and occupied by Japan until the country's liberation by the U.S.-led forces in 1944\u20131945."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bockscar",
            "Nagasaki",
            "The Great Artiste"
        ],
        "sentence": "With fuel running low because of the failed fuel pump, Bockscar and The Great Artiste headed for their secondary target, Nagasaki."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "renormalization group",
            "Kenneth Wilson",
            "\u03b2 function",
            "Callan\u2013Symanzik equation",
            "renormalization",
            "Lagrangian",
            "function"
        ],
        "sentence": "The renormalization group, developed by Kenneth Wilson, is a mathematical apparatus used to study the changes in physical parameters (coefficients in the Lagrangian) as the system is viewed at different scales. The way in which each parameter changes with scale is described by its \u03b2 function. Correlation functions, which underlie quantitative physical predictions, change with scale according to the Callan\u2013Symanzik equation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rose oil",
            "essential oils",
            "rose water",
            "Persia",
            "Arabia",
            "Rosa \u00d7 damascena",
            "Rosa \u00d7 centifolia",
            "petal",
            "flower",
            "sand",
            "flowers",
            "petals"
        ],
        "sentence": "Rose perfumes are made from rose oil (also called attar of roses), which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia and then spread through Arabia and India, and more recently into eastern Europe. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa \u00d7 damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world Rosa \u00d7 centifolia is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Philippines",
            "China",
            "India",
            "Mexico"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2019, the top countries of origin for immigrants were Mexico (24% of immigrants), India (6%), China (5%), the Philippines (4.5%), and El Salvador (3%)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "racist ideology",
            "Untermenschen",
            "genocide",
            "about six million Jews and millions of other victims"
        ],
        "sentence": "Under Hitler's leadership and racist ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims, whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Borel \u03c3-algebra",
            "real numbers",
            "probability measure",
            "probability",
            "measure",
            "real number",
            "\u03c3-algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "If \n\n\n\n\n\nF\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {F}}\\,}\n\n is the Borel \u03c3-algebra on the set of real numbers, then there is a unique probability measure on \n\n\n\n\n\nF\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {F}}\\,}\n\n for any CDF, and vice versa. The measure corresponding to a CDF is said to be induced by the CDF. This measure coincides with the pmf for discrete variables and PDF for continuous variables, making the measure-theoretic approach free of fallacies.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "British Columbia",
            "Japanese Canadian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Canadian province of British Columbia, bordering the Pacific Ocean, had long had a large population of Japanese immigrants and their Japanese Canadian descendants."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Haag's theorem",
            "interaction picture",
            "perturbation theory",
            "Feynman diagram",
            "action",
            "particle physics",
            "condensed matter physics"
        ],
        "sentence": "In spite of its overwhelming success in particle physics and condensed matter physics, QFT itself lacks a formal mathematical foundation. For example, according to Haag's theorem, there does not exist a well-defined interaction picture for QFT, which implies that perturbation theory of QFT, which underlies the entire Feynman diagram method, is fundamentally ill-defined.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Austria-Hungary",
            "Serbia",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Faced with Russia in the east, Austria-Hungary could spare only one-third of its army to attack Serbia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "weasels",
            "Magna Graecia",
            "Rhegion",
            "Taras",
            "ancient Greek literature",
            "Aristotle",
            "History of Animals",
            "lecherous",
            "syncretized",
            "Artemis",
            "Ovid",
            "Metamorphoses",
            "Diana",
            "pets",
            "rodent",
            "Bastet",
            "domestic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ancient Greeks and Romans kept weasels as pets, which were seen as the ideal rodent-killers. The earliest unmistakable evidence of the Greeks having domestic cats comes from two coins from Magna Graecia dating to the mid-fifth century BC showing Iokastos and Phalanthos, the legendary founders of Rhegion and Taras respectively, playing with their pet cats. The usual ancient Greek word for 'cat' was ailouros, meaning 'thing with the waving tail'. Cats are rarely mentioned in ancient Greek literature. Aristotle remarked in his History of Animals that \"female cats are naturally lecherous.\" The Greeks later syncretized their own goddess Artemis with the Egyptian goddess Bastet, adopting Bastet's associations with cats and ascribing them to Artemis. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, when the deities flee to Egypt and take animal forms, the goddess Diana turns into a cat.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Christ Church, Oxford",
            "fellowship",
            "studentship"
        ],
        "sentence": "He had offers from several European universities, including Christ Church, Oxford, where he stayed for three short periods between May 1931 and June 1933 and was offered a five-year research fellowship (called a \"studentship\" at Christ Church), but in 1935, he arrived at the decision to remain permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "unemployment rate"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia has a low official unemployment rate of 4.1%."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "agricultural industry"
        ],
        "sentence": "The novel focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers who are forced from their home as drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agricultural industry occur during the Great Depression."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "entangled",
            "separable"
        ],
        "sentence": "is a valid joint state that is not separable. States that are not separable are called entangled.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Frobenius normal form",
            "Jordan normal form",
            "polynomial",
            "characteristic polynomial",
            "extending",
            "diagonalizable",
            "main diagonal",
            "matrix",
            "endomorphism",
            "field"
        ],
        "sentence": "When an endomorphism is not diagonalizable, there are bases on which it has a simple form, although not as simple as the diagonal form. The Frobenius normal form does not need of extending the field of scalars and makes the characteristic polynomial immediately readable on the matrix. The Jordan normal form requires to extend the field of scalar for containing all eigenvalues, and differs from the diagonal form only by some entries that are just above the main diagonal and are equal to 1.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mosaic virus"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tulips affected by the mosaic virus are called \"broken\"; while such plants can occasionally revert to a plain or solid colouring, they will remain infected and have to be destroyed. Today the virus is almost eradicated from tulip growers' fields. The multicoloured patterns of modern varieties result from breeding; they normally have solid, un-feathered borders between the colours.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "President",
            "Harry S. Truman"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stimson then approached President Harry S. Truman about the matter."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Glaswegians",
            "pl",
            "heavy industry"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1933, 30% of Glaswegians were unemployed due to the severe decline in heavy industry."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Beethoven",
            "Zoellner Quartet",
            "California Institute of Technology",
            "Mozart"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1931, while engaged in research at the California Institute of Technology, he visited the Zoellner family conservatory in Los Angeles, where he played some of Beethoven and Mozart's works with members of the Zoellner Quartet."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "biological neural network",
            "information theory",
            "statistical"
        ],
        "sentence": "The aim of the field is to create models of biological neural systems in order to understand how biological systems work. To gain this understanding, neuroscientists strive to make a link between observed biological processes (data), biologically plausible mechanisms for neural processing and learning (biological neural network models) and theory (statistical learning theory and information theory).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "manifold hypothesis",
            "manifolds",
            "manifold learning",
            "manifold regularization"
        ],
        "sentence": "The manifold hypothesis proposes that high-dimensional data sets lie along low-dimensional manifolds, and many dimensionality reduction techniques make this assumption, leading to the area of manifold learning and manifold regularization."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan",
            "E",
            "Dutch East Indies",
            "the Dutch East Indies",
            "left"
        ],
        "sentence": "During Japan's initial conquest, it captured 4,000,000 barrels (640,000\u00a0m) of oil (~550,000 tonnes) left behind by retreating Allied forces; and by 1943, was able to get production in the Dutch East Indies up to 50\u00a0million barrels (7,900,000\u00a0m) of oil (~6.8 million tonnes), 76 percent of its 1940 output rate."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nether district V\u00edtkovice",
            "Ostrava",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "One of the tourist attractions in the Czech Republic is the Nether district V\u00edtkovice in Ostrava.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cossacks",
            "Bohdan Khmelnytsky",
            "Alexis",
            "Russo-Polish War",
            "Dnieper",
            "Left-bank Ukraine",
            "Kiev",
            "Russian explorers",
            "Siberian River Routes",
            "Chukchi Peninsula",
            "Amur River",
            "Semyon Dezhnyov",
            "Bering Strait",
            "Ukraine",
            "tsar",
            "Siberia",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of the Cossacks. In 1654, the Ukrainian leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, offered to place Ukraine under the protection of the Russian tsar, Alexis; whose acceptance of this offer led to another Russo-Polish War. Ultimately, Ukraine was split along the Dnieper, leaving the eastern part, (Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev) under Russian rule. In the east, the rapid Russian exploration and colonisation of vast Siberia continued, hunting for valuable furs and ivory. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes, and by the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. In 1648, Semyon Dezhnyov became the first European to navigate through the Bering Strait.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki",
            "invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria",
            "Kwantung Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 8 August, in between the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet army invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria and defeated the Kwantung Army."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States",
            "World War I",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States produced about two-thirds of all the munitions used by the Allies in World War II, including warships, transports, warplanes, artillery, tanks, trucks, and ammunition."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lionel Robbins",
            "credit"
        ],
        "sentence": "The term \"The Great Depression\" is most frequently attributed to British economist Lionel Robbins, whose 1934 book The Great Depression is credited with formalizing the phrase, though Hoover is widely credited with popularizing the term, informally referring to the downturn as a depression, with such uses as \"Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement\" (December 1930, Message to Congress), and \"I need not recount to you that the world is passing through a great depression\" (1931)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sinai and Palestine campaign",
            "Edmund Allenby",
            "XXth Corps",
            "XXI Corps",
            "Desert Mounted Corps",
            "Battle of Beersheba",
            "Sinai"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the end of October, the Sinai and Palestine campaign resumed, when General Edmund Allenby's XXth Corps, XXI Corps and Desert Mounted Corps won the Battle of Beersheba."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "eliminate Japanese forces from the Aleutians",
            "Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1943, Canadian and U.S. forces were sent to eliminate Japanese forces from the Aleutians."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taurus Mountains"
        ],
        "sentence": "The survivors were then forced to build a railway through the Taurus Mountains."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tripartite Pact",
            "Sabur\u014d Kurusu",
            "Imperial Japan",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Axis powers",
            "Berlin",
            "de",
            "Japan",
            "foreign minister",
            "Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 27 September 1940, the Tripartite Pact was signed in Berlin by Sabur\u014d Kurusu of Imperial Japan, Hitler, and Italian foreign minister Ciano, and later expanded to include Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, thus yielding the Axis powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ministry of Justice",
            "2010 census"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2012, the research organisation Sreda, in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice, published the Arena Atlas, an adjunct to the 2010 census, enumerating in detail the religious populations and nationalities of Russia, based on a large-sample country-wide survey."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bootleggers",
            "breed"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the German Shepherd was introduced to the United States it was initially a popular dog. But as the dogs' popularity grew, it became associated as a dangerous breed owned by gangsters and bootleggers. The reputation of the German Shepherds as a dangerous breed had grown to such an extent that it was briefly banned to import them in Australia in 1929. Potential legislation was even considered to require that all German shepherds in South Australia be sterilised.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of Versailles",
            "isolationism"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rejection of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919\u20131920 marked the dominance of isolationism in American foreign policy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kingdom of Italy",
            "Dalmatian coast",
            "Fiume",
            "Vittorio Orlando",
            "Sidney Sonnino",
            "Benito Mussolini",
            "Fascist dictatorship",
            "self-determination",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reaction in the Kingdom of Italy to the treaty was extremely negative. The country had suffered high casualties, yet failed to achieve most of its major war goals, notably gaining control of the Dalmatian coast and Fiume. President Wilson rejected Italy's claims on the basis of \"national self-determination.\" For their part, Britain and France\u2014who had been forced in the war's latter stages to divert their own troops to the Italian front to stave off collapse\u2014were disinclined to support Italy's position at the peace conference. Differences in negotiating strategy between Premier Vittorio Orlando and Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino further undermined Italy's position at the conference. A furious Vittorio Orlando suffered a nervous collapse and at one point walked out of the conference (though he later returned). He lost his position as prime minister just a week before the treaty was scheduled to be signed, effectively ending his active political career. Anger and dismay over the treaty's provisions helped pave the way for the establishment of Benito Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship three years later.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nicholas\u00a0II",
            "Revolution of 1905",
            "Russo-Japanese War",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Under last Russian emperor, Nicholas\u00a0II (1894\u20131917), the Revolution of 1905 was triggered by the failure of the humiliating Russo-Japanese War."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "annexation of Austria",
            "House of Commons"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following the German annexation of Austria, Churchill spoke in the House of Commons, declaring that \"the gravity of the events[...] cannot be exaggerated\"...\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mileva Mari\u0107"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is some evidence from Einstein's writings that he collaborated with his first wife, Mileva Mari\u0107."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Botrytis tulipae",
            "fungal disease",
            "anthracnose",
            "bacterial soft rot",
            "blight",
            "Sclerotium rolfsii",
            "nematodes",
            "rots",
            "blue molds",
            "black molds"
        ],
        "sentence": "Botrytis tulipae is a major fungal disease affecting tulips, causing cell death and eventually the rotting of the plant. Other pathogens include anthracnose, bacterial soft rot, blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, bulb nematodes, other rots including blue molds, black molds and mushy rot.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Los Alamos Laboratory",
            "New Mexico"
        ],
        "sentence": "Robert Oppenheimer to organize and head the project's Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico, where bomb design work was carried out."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "namesake film series",
            "Warner Bros. Pictures",
            "one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time",
            "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child",
            "Harry Potter"
        ],
        "sentence": "The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25\u00a0billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a play based on a story co-written by Rowling.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Navassa curly-tailed lizard",
            "Chioninia coctei",
            "feral cats",
            "mammal"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Australia, the impact of cats on mammal populations is even greater than the impact of habitat loss. More than one million reptiles are killed by feral cats each day, representing 258 species. Cats have contributed to the extinction of the Navassa curly-tailed lizard and Chioninia coctei.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "electrodynamics",
            "speed of light"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein discerned two fundamental propositions that seemed to be the most assured, regardless of the exact validity of the (then) known laws of either mechanics or electrodynamics. These propositions were the constancy of the speed of light in vacuum and the independence of physical laws (especially the constancy of the speed of light) from the choice of inertial system. In his initial presentation of special relativity in 1905 he expressed these postulates as:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Micronesia",
            "Marshall Islands",
            "Palau",
            "Compact of Free Association",
            "U.S.",
            "intern"
        ],
        "sentence": "The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and responsibility for Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau through the Compact of Free Association."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Polish Home Army",
            "Jan Karski",
            "Holocaust"
        ],
        "sentence": "The same year, Roosevelt was personally briefed by Polish Home Army intelligence agent Jan Karski who was an eyewitness of the Holocaust; pleading for action, Karski told him that 1.8 million Jews had already been exterminated."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Second Continental Congress",
            "George Washington",
            "Continental Army",
            "American patriot",
            "British Army",
            "Philadelphia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The colonies responded by again convening in Philadelphia in the Second Continental Congress, where, in June 1775, they appointed George Washington as commander of the Continental Army, which was initially comprised of various American patriot militias resisting the British Army."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "shock therapy",
            "Eastern",
            "reforms",
            "East",
            "Central and Eastern Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "With the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1991, the post-socialist states underwent shock therapy measures to liberalise their economies and implement free market reforms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prince Paul",
            "coup d'\u00e9tat"
        ],
        "sentence": "Less than two days later, after demonstrations in the streets of Belgrade, Prince Paul and the government were removed from office by a coup d'\u00e9tat."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japanese yen",
            "reserve currency",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Japanese yen is the world's third-largest reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pop",
            "Elvis Presley"
        ],
        "sentence": "Elvis Presley had shown us how rebellion could be fashioned into eye-opening style; the Beatles were showing us how style could have the impact of cultural revelation\u00a0\u2013 or at least how a pop vision might be forged into an unimpeachable consensus."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "puss",
            "Dutch",
            "Low German",
            "Swedish",
            "Norwegian",
            "Irish",
            "arisen from a sound"
        ],
        "sentence": "The English puss, extended as pussy and pussycat, is attested from the 16th century and may have been introduced from Dutch poes or from Low German puuskatte, related to Swedish kattepus, or Norwegian pus, pusekatt. Similar forms exist in Lithuanian pui\u017e\u0117 and Irish puis\u00edn or puisc\u00edn. The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have arisen from a sound used to attract a cat.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Demchugdongrub",
            "Mongol",
            "Genghis Khan"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was nominally ruled by Prince Demchugdongrub, a Mongol nobleman descended from Genghis Khan, but was in fact controlled by the Japanese military."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "France",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the outcome of the vote became known, 4,100 (including 800 refugees who had previously fled Germany) residents fled over the border into France."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nazi Party",
            "Reichswehr"
        ],
        "sentence": "Both were charged with membership in the Nazi Party, at that time illegal for Reichswehr personnel."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Library of Congress",
            "Veterans History Project"
        ],
        "sentence": "A small number of personal accounts of American veterans have been collected by the Library of Congress Veterans History Project."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mikhail Lermontov",
            "Nikolay Nekrasov",
            "Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy",
            "Fyodor Tyutchev",
            "Afanasy Fet"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following Pushkin's footsteps, a new generation of poets were born, including Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "John"
        ],
        "sentence": "Farley and Vice President John Garner were not pleased with Roosevelt's decision to break from Washington's precedent."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Netherlands",
            "Switzerland",
            "Sweden",
            "Bofors",
            "Krupp",
            "Genoa Conference",
            "Treaty of Rapallo",
            "The Times",
            "Kr\u00fcmper system",
            "German",
            "Versailles"
        ],
        "sentence": "German officials conspired systematically to evade the clauses of the treaty, by failing to meet disarmament deadlines, refusing Allied officials access to military facilities, and maintaining and hiding weapon production. As the treaty did not ban German companies from producing war material outside of Germany, companies moved to the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Sweden. Bofors was bought by Krupp, and in 1921 German troops were sent to Sweden to test weapons.\nThe establishment of diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union, via the Genoa Conference and Treaty of Rapallo, was also used to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles. Publicly, these diplomatic exchanges were largely in regards to trade and future economic cooperation. But secret military clauses were included that allowed for Germany to develop weapons inside the Soviet Union. Furthermore, it allowed for Germany to establish three training areas for aviation, chemical and tank warfare. In 1923, the British newspaper The Times made several claims about the state of the German Armed Forces: that it had equipment for 800,000 men, was transferring army staff to civilian positions in order to obscure their real duties, and warned of the militarization of the German police force by the exploitation the Kr\u00fcmper system. \n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "infinite set",
            "integers",
            "e",
            "arithmetic"
        ],
        "sentence": "If we begin from a fairly \"thick\" infinite set \n\n\n\nA\n\n\n{\\displaystyle A}\n\n, does it contain many elements in arithmetic progression: \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n,\n\n\n\n\na\n+\nb\n,\na\n+\n2\nb\n,\na\n+\n3\nb\n,\n\u2026\n,\na\n+\n10\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a+b,a+2b,a+3b,\\ldots ,a+10b}\n\n, say? Should it be possible to write large integers as sums of elements of \n\n\n\nA\n\n\n{\\displaystyle A}\n\n?\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Volga\u2013Don Canal",
            "Greater Caucasus watershed",
            "Ural River",
            "Kuma\u2013Manych Depression",
            "Greater Caucasus",
            "Volga",
            "Don",
            "watershed"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the Volga\u2013Don Canal and the Volga, the other following the Kuma\u2013Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning the Don altogether, following the Greater Caucasus watershed to the Caspian."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "flowers",
            "foliage"
        ],
        "sentence": "Cutting tools, such as floral knives, floral shears, pruners, and ribbon scissors can be used to cut a variety of materials in floral design. Knives can be used to cut flowers or floral foam. Shears and pruners can also be used to trim and cut foliage and flowers. Ribbon scissors are used to cut ribbon and twine.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Centrocaspian Dictatorship",
            "South West Caucasian Republic",
            "Caucasian",
            "Armenian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Two other minor entities were established, the Centrocaspian Dictatorship and South West Caucasian Republic (the former was liquidated by Azerbaijan in the autumn of 1918 and the latter by a joint Armenian-British task force in early 1919)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "509th Composite Group",
            "Tinian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 509th Composite Group had an authorized strength of 225 officers and 1,542 enlisted men, almost all of whom eventually deployed to Tinian."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The goal was to implement this plan after the conquest of the Soviet Union, but when this failed, Hitler moved the plans forward."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "food industry",
            "Agrofert",
            "Kofola",
            "Ham\u00e9",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the food industry, Czech companies include Agrofert, Kofola and Ham\u00e9.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Roger Ebert",
            "The Great Movies",
            "The Birth of a Nation",
            "Citizen Kane",
            "high-concept",
            "Steven Spielberg",
            "Jaws",
            "blockbusters",
            "Star Wars",
            "blockbuster"
        ],
        "sentence": "Film critic Roger Ebert wrote in his book The Great Movies, \"Like The Birth of a Nation and Citizen Kane, Star Wars was a technical watershed that influenced many of the movies that came after.\" It began a new generation of special effects and high-energy motion pictures. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, high-concept genre for filmmakers to build upon. Finally, along with Steven Spielberg's Jaws, it shifted the film industry's focus away from personal filmmaking of the 1970s and towards fast-paced, big-budget blockbusters for younger audiences.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "successor series",
            "Max Borenstein",
            "Jane Goldman",
            "Brian Helgeland",
            "Carly Wray",
            "David Benioff",
            "D. B. Weiss",
            "George R. R. Martin",
            "Bryan Cogman",
            "HBO"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 2017, after years of speculation about possible successor series, HBO commissioned Max Borenstein, Jane Goldman, Brian Helgeland, Carly Wray, and Bryan Cogman to develop five individual Game of Thrones successor series; the writers were to be working individually with George R. R. Martin, who also co-wrote two of the scripts. D. B. Weiss and David Benioff said that they would not be involved with any of the projects.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "USS Panay",
            "Allison incident",
            "Nanking Massacre"
        ],
        "sentence": "Starting in December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS Panay, the Allison incident, and the Nanking Massacre swung Western public opinion sharply against Japan. The US unsuccessfully proposed a joint action with the British to blockade Japan. In 1938, following an appeal by President Roosevelt, US companies stopped providing Japan with implements of war.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cinema",
            "Soviet cinema"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Walt Disney World Resort"
        ],
        "sentence": "McCartney filed suit for the dissolution of the Beatles' contractual partnership on 31 December 1970. Legal disputes continued long after their break-up, and the dissolution was not formalised until 29 December 1974, when Lennon signed the paperwork terminating the partnership while on vacation with his family at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pacifist"
        ],
        "sentence": "His friendship with Millikan was \"awkward\", as Millikan \"had a penchant for patriotic militarism\", where Einstein was a pronounced pacifist."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cancer",
            "cardiovascular diseases"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since 1981, the principal cause of death in Japan is cancer, which accounted for 27% of the total deaths in 2018\u2014followed by cardiovascular diseases, which led to 15% of the deaths."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "assault rifle",
            "infantry",
            "armed forces"
        ],
        "sentence": "The assault rifle, a late war development incorporating many features of the rifle and submachine gun, became the standard post-war infantry weapon for most armed forces."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "E",
            "in Europe",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "Due to international trade interdependencies, this policy led to an economic stagnation in Europe and delayed European recovery from the war for several years."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Great Hall of the People",
            "formaldehyde"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mao's embalmed body, draped in the CCP flag, lay in state at the Great Hall of the People for one week. One million Chinese filed past to pay their final respects, many crying openly or displaying sadness, while foreigners watched on television. Mao's official portrait hung on the wall with a banner reading: \"Carry on the cause left by Chairman Mao and carry on the cause of proletarian revolution to the end\". On 17 September the body was taken in a minibus to the 305 Hospital, where his internal organs were preserved in formaldehyde.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Velvet Revolution",
            "Hyphen War",
            "country peacefully split",
            "countries",
            "Slovakia",
            "privatizations",
            "market economy",
            "Human Development Index",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "democracy",
            "developed country",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "In November 1989, Czechoslovakia again became a liberal democracy through the Velvet Revolution. However, Slovak national aspirations strengthened (Hyphen War) and on 31 December 1992, the country peacefully split into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both countries went through economic reforms and privatizations, with the intention of creating a market economy, as they have been trying to do since 1990, when Czechs and Slovaks still shared the common state. This process was largely successful; in 2006 the Czech Republic was recognized by the World Bank as a \"developed country\", and in 2009 the Human Development Index ranked it as a nation of \"Very High Human Development\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park",
            "Hiroshima"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Interrupting Kahr's speech, he announced that the national revolution had begun and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "secure communication",
            "quantum key distribution",
            "cryptographic"
        ],
        "sentence": "So far, quantum cryptography has been mainly identified with the development of quantum key distribution protocols. Unfortunately, symmetric cryptosystems with keys that have been distributed by means of quantum key distribution become inefficient for large networks (many users), because of the necessity for the establishment and the manipulation of many pairwise secret keys (the so-called \"key-management problem\"). Moreover, this distribution alone does not address many other cryptographic tasks and functions, which are of vital importance in everyday life. Kak's three-stage protocol has been proposed as a method for secure communication that is entirely quantum unlike quantum key distribution, in which the cryptographic transformation uses classical algorithms\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Finland was one of Germany's most important allies in its war with the USSR."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1932 presidential election",
            "brain trust",
            "Columbia University",
            "Harvard University",
            "presidential election",
            "Columbia"
        ],
        "sentence": "As the 1932 presidential election approached, Roosevelt turned his attention to national politics, established a campaign team led by Howe and Farley, and a \"brain trust\" of policy advisers, primarily composed of Columbia University and Harvard University professors. There were some who were not so sanguine about his chances, such as Walter Lippmann, the dean of political commentators, who observed of Roosevelt: \"He is a pleasant man who, without any important qualifications for the office, would very much like to be president.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "curves",
            "graph of functions",
            "differential geometry",
            "implicit equations",
            "polynomial equations",
            "algebraic geometry",
            "Euclidean space",
            "Euclid",
            "algebra",
            "lines",
            "circles",
            "geometry"
        ],
        "sentence": "Analytic geometry allows the study of curves unrelated to circles and lines. Such curves can be defined as the graph of functions, the study of which led to differential geometry. They can also be defined as implicit equations, often polynomial equations (which spawned algebraic geometry). Analytic geometry also makes it possible to consider Euclidean spaces of higher than three dimensions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Crown Prince Wilhelm"
        ],
        "sentence": "As was apparent to a number of German leaders, this amounted to a strategic defeat; shortly after the Marne, Crown Prince Wilhelm told an American reporter; \"We have lost the war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cher",
            "Sonny & Cher",
            "Sonny Bono"
        ],
        "sentence": "Cher forfeited her opportunity to join this list by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance when she was selected in 1983. She did, however, attend the unveiling of the Sonny & Cher star in 1998, as a tribute to her recently deceased ex-husband, Sonny Bono.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows",
            "Matthew 6:21",
            "1 Corinthians 15:26",
            "King James Version",
            "graves",
            "Hermione Granger",
            "Christian Bible",
            "Albus Dumbledore",
            "Deathly Hallows",
            "Harry Potter"
        ],
        "sentence": "Rowling stated that she did not reveal Harry Potter's religious parallels in the beginning because doing so would have \"give[n] too much away to fans who might then see the parallels\". In the final book of the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Rowling makes the book's Christian imagery more explicit, quoting both Matthew 6:21 and 1 Corinthians 15:26 (King James Version) when Harry visits his parents' graves. Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of these verses from the Christian Bible are \"living beyond death. Living after death\", which Rowling states  \"epitomize the whole series\". Rowling also exhibits Christian values in developing Albus Dumbledore as a God-like character, the divine, trusted leader of the series, guiding the long-suffering hero along his quest. In the seventh novel, Harry speaks with and questions the deceased Dumbledore much like a person of faith would talk to and question God.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sudetenland",
            "Posen-West Prussia",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Poland",
            "annexation",
            "German",
            "territory"
        ],
        "sentence": "French historian Raymond Cartier states that millions of ethnic Germans in the Sudetenland and in Posen-West Prussia were placed under foreign rule in a hostile environment, where harassment and violation of rights by authorities are documented.\nCartier asserts that, out of 1,058,000 Germans in Posen-West Prussia in 1921, 758,867 fled their homelands within five years due to Polish harassment. These sharpening ethnic conflicts would lead to public demands to reattach the annexed territory in 1938 and become a pretext for Hitler's annexations of Czechoslovakia and parts of Poland.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cold War",
            "United States",
            "most significant Russian technological achievements",
            "first human-made satellite",
            "first human expedition into outer space",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for global ideological influence; the Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Article 231",
            "de",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "They especially objected to Article 231, which they interpreted as declaring Germany responsible for the war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "precision bombing"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hansell continued the practice of conducting so-called high-altitude precision bombing, aimed at key industries and transportation networks, even after these tactics had not produced acceptable results."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal"
        ],
        "sentence": "Likewise, Koichi Kido, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, is quoted as saying:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "law of large numbers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The law of large numbers (LLN) states that the sample average\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "science",
            "or",
            "philosophical"
        ],
        "sentence": "One way this difference of viewpoint plays out is in the philosophical debate as to whether mathematical results are created (as in art) or discovered (as in science)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "White movement",
            "Czechoslovak Legion",
            "Red Army",
            "Russian Civil War",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "As a supporter of the White movement with the Czechoslovak Legion against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hitler",
            "Allied"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Americans agreed with Churchill that Hitler was the main enemy and that the defeat of Germany was key to Allied success."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Glaswegians",
            "National Hunger March",
            "hunger marches",
            "heavy industry",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "The effects on the northern industrial areas of Britain were immediate and devastating, as demand for traditional industrial products collapsed. By the end of 1930 unemployment had more than doubled from 1\u00a0million to 2.5\u00a0million (20% of the insured workforce), and exports had fallen in value by 50%. In 1933, 30% of Glaswegians were unemployed due to the severe decline in heavy industry. In some towns and cities in the north east, unemployment reached as high as 70% as shipbuilding fell by 90%. The National Hunger March of September\u2013October 1932 was the largest of a series of hunger marches in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s. About 200,000 unemployed men were sent to the work camps, which continued in operation until 1939.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Special Relationship",
            "United Kingdom",
            "with Canada",
            "Australia",
            "New Zealand",
            "Philippines",
            "Japan",
            "South Korea",
            "Israel",
            "European Union",
            "France",
            "Italy",
            "Germany",
            "Spain",
            "Poland",
            "NATO",
            "national security",
            "Organization of American States",
            "United States\u2013Mexico\u2013Canada Free Trade Agreement",
            "South America",
            "Colombia",
            "Micronesia",
            "Marshall Islands",
            "Palau",
            "Compact of Free Association",
            "with India",
            "ties with China",
            "Ukraine",
            "annexed Crimea in 2014",
            "invasion of Ukraine in 2022",
            "intern",
            "Russia",
            "annexed",
            "Union",
            "Americas",
            "Canada",
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States has a \"Special Relationship\" with the United Kingdom and strong ties with Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Israel, and several European Union countries (France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Poland). The U.S. works closely with its NATO allies on military and national security issues, and with nations in the Americas through the Organization of American States and the United States\u2013Mexico\u2013Canada Free Trade Agreement. In South America, Colombia is traditionally considered to be the closest ally of the United States. The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and responsibility for Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau through the Compact of Free Association. It has increasingly conducted strategic cooperation with India, and its ties with China have steadily deteriorated. The U.S. has become a key ally of Ukraine since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 and began an invasion of Ukraine in 2022, significantly deteriorating relations with Russia in the process.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Iron Curtain",
            "Eastern Bloc"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was on this trip that he gave his \"Iron Curtain\" speech about the USSR and its creation of the Eastern Bloc."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Indian",
            "European Plain"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mountain ranges in the south and east obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian and Pacific oceans, while the European Plain spanning its west and north opens it to influence from the Atlantic and Arctic oceans."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Alan Turing",
            "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"
        ],
        "sentence": "This follows Alan Turing's proposal in his paper \"Computing Machinery and Intelligence\", in which the question \"Can machines think?\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harrisongs",
            "Taxman",
            "Within You Without You",
            "What Goes On",
            "Flying",
            "Apple Publishing",
            "While My Guitar Gently Weeps",
            "Startling Music",
            "Octopus's Garden",
            "Don't Pass Me By",
            "1",
            "Something"
        ],
        "sentence": "Harrison created Harrisongs to represent his Beatles compositions, but signed a three-year contract with Northern Songs that gave it the copyright to his work through March 1968, which included \"Taxman\" and \"Within You Without You\". The songs on which Starr received co-writing credit before 1968, such as \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\", were also Northern Songs copyrights. Harrison did not renew his contract with Northern Songs when it ended, signing instead with Apple Publishing while retaining the copyright to his work from that point on. Harrison thus owns the rights to his later Beatles songs such as \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" and \"Something\". That year, as well, Starr created Startling Music, which holds the rights to his Beatles compositions, \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harry Potter",
            "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone",
            "Dursleys",
            "wizard",
            "Hagrid",
            "Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry",
            "Lord Voldemort",
            "dark wizard"
        ],
        "sentence": "The series follows the life of a boy named Harry Potter. In the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry lives in a cupboard under the stairs in the house of the Dursleys, his aunt, uncle and cousin, Dudley. The Dursleys consider themselves perfectly normal, but at the age of 11, Harry discovers that he is a wizard. He meets a half-giant named Hagrid who invites him to attend the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry learns that as a baby, his parents were murdered by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort. When Voldemort attempted to kill Harry, his curse rebounded and Harry survived with a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computer",
            "quantum mechanical"
        ],
        "sentence": "A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "artificial neural networks",
            "multilayer perceptrons",
            "dictionary learning",
            "neural networks",
            "perceptrons",
            "neural network"
        ],
        "sentence": "Examples include artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptrons, and supervised dictionary learning."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "republic",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Once restored to power, Mussolini declared that Italy was a republic and that he was the new head of state."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "European theatre of World War II",
            "theatre",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition, 28.7\u00a0million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre of World War II."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "modern physics"
        ],
        "sentence": "As a result, he became increasingly isolated from the mainstream of modern physics."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "against German",
            "Germany",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hiroshima",
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "The film crew shot 27,000\u00a0m (90,000\u00a0ft) of film, resulting in a three-hour documentary titled The Effects of the Atomic Bombs Against Hiroshima and Nagasaki."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rail network",
            "standard gauge",
            "longest in the world",
            "freight",
            "Amtrak",
            "services",
            "state",
            "states"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States's rail network, nearly all standard gauge, is the longest in the world, and exceeds 293,564\u00a0km (182,400\u00a0mi). It handles mostly freight, with intercity passenger service primarily provided by Amtrak, a government-managed company that took over services previously run by private companies, to all but four states.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Great Depression",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Great Depression exacerbated the issue and led to a collapse of the German economy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "St George the Martyr, Holborn"
        ],
        "sentence": "A memorial service in his honour was also held at St George the Martyr, Holborn in London."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pogroms",
            "Russian Revolution",
            "Pale of Settlement",
            "Ukraine",
            "Russian Civil War",
            "Russia",
            "Russian Empire"
        ],
        "sentence": "Many pogroms accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War. 60,000\u2013200,000 civilian Jews were killed in the atrocities throughout the former Russian Empire (mostly within the Pale of Settlement in present-day Ukraine). There were an estimated 7\u201312\u00a0million casualties during the Russian Civil War, mostly civilians.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation",
            "Canadian Patriotic Fund",
            "Queensland Patriotic Fund"
        ],
        "sentence": "Around the British empire there were many Patriotic Funds, including the Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation, Canadian Patriotic Fund, Queensland Patriotic Fund and, by 1919, there were 983 funds in New Zealand."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "League of Nations",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Seeking improved international relations, in 1934 the Soviet Union secured membership of the League of Nations, from which it had previously been excluded."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Royal Naval Air Service"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill pushed for higher pay and greater recreational facilities for naval staff, an increase in the building of submarines, and a renewed focus on the Royal Naval Air Service, encouraging them to experiment with how aircraft could be used for military purposes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "generalization"
        ],
        "sentence": "For the best performance in the context of generalization, the complexity of the hypothesis should match the complexity of the function underlying the data."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "leaf",
            "stem",
            "bisexual",
            "ovary",
            "genes",
            "variation"
        ],
        "sentence": "The similarity in leaf and stem structure can be very important, because flowers are genetically just an adaptation of normal leaf and stem components on plants, a combination of genes normally responsible for forming new shoots. The most primitive flowers are thought to have had a variable number of flower parts, often separate from (but in contact with) each other. The flowers would have tended to grow in a spiral pattern, to be bisexual (in plants, this means both male and female parts on the same flower), and to be dominated by the ovary (female part). As flowers grew more advanced, some variations developed parts fused together, with a much more specific number and design, and with either specific sexes per flower or plant, or at least \"ovary inferior\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Recurrent neural networks",
            "language modeling",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), in which data can flow in any direction, are used for applications such as language modeling. Long short-term memory is particularly effective for this use.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ECML PKDD",
            "discovery",
            "data mining",
            "knowledge discovery"
        ],
        "sentence": "Much of the confusion between these two research communities (which do often have separate conferences and separate journals, ECML PKDD being a major exception) comes from the basic assumptions they work with: in machine learning, performance is usually evaluated with respect to the ability to reproduce known knowledge, while in knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD) the key task is the discovery of previously unknown knowledge."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "election campaign"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill mishandled the election campaign by resorting to party politics and trying to denigrate Labour."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "privatisation",
            "market and trade liberalisation",
            "shock therapy",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "During and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, wide-ranging reforms including privatisation and market and trade liberalisation were undertaken, including radical changes along the lines of \"shock therapy\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "prisoners of war",
            "refugees",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Allied"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Western Allies agreed to the forcible repatriation of all Soviet citizens in the Allied zones, including prisoners of war, to the Soviet Union and the policy was later extended to all Eastern European refugees, many of whom were anti-Communist."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "U-boats",
            "submarines",
            "Imperial German Navy",
            "depth charges",
            "hydrophones",
            "sonar",
            "blimps",
            "hunter-killer submarines",
            "HMS R-1",
            "anti-submarine weapons",
            "interwar period",
            "submarine warfare",
            "Germany",
            "Germans",
            "hydrophone",
            "unrestricted submarine warfare"
        ],
        "sentence": "Germany deployed U-boats (submarines) after the war began. Alternating between restricted and unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic, the Imperial German Navy employed them to deprive the British Isles of vital supplies. The deaths of British merchant sailors and the seeming invulnerability of U-boats led to the development of depth charges (1916), hydrophones (sonar, 1917), blimps, hunter-killer submarines (HMS R-1, 1917), forward-throwing anti-submarine weapons, and dipping hydrophones (the latter two both abandoned in 1918). To extend their operations, the Germans proposed supply submarines (1916). Most of these would be forgotten in the interwar period until World War\u00a0II revived the need.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Norway Debate"
        ],
        "sentence": "This has come to be known as the Norway Debate and is renowned as one of the most significant events in parliamentary history."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Munich Agreement",
            "Sudetenland",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia",
            "Slovak Republic",
            "Germany",
            "art",
            "Kingdom",
            "Italy",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "Later that year, following the Munich Agreement signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, Germany annexed the Sudetenland, which was a part of Czechoslovakia inhabited by ethnic Germans, and in early 1939, the remainder of Czechoslovakia was split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, controlled by Germany and the Slovak Republic."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computing",
            "science",
            "technology"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rise of technology in the 20th century opened the way to a new science: computing."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "unreasonable effectiveness",
            "reason",
            "Platonism",
            "Plato",
            "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics"
        ],
        "sentence": "Nevertheless, Platonism and the concurrent views on abstraction do not explain the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italy",
            "Serbia",
            "Balkans",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some historians see this as a significant escalation, ending any chance of Austria co-operating with Russia in the Balkans while also damaging diplomatic relations between Serbia and Italy, both of whom had their own expansionist ambitions in the region."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "attack on Pearl Harbor"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 3 November, Nagano explained in detail the plan of the attack on Pearl Harbor to the Emperor."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "most densely populated country",
            "most densely populated"
        ],
        "sentence": "Thus the habitable zones, mainly in the coastal areas, have very high population densities: Japan is the 40th most densely populated country."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vladimir Lenin",
            "Communist Party"
        ],
        "sentence": "He was an outspoken opponent of Vladimir Lenin's new Communist Party government in Russia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Poland",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The pact neutralised the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and assured that Germany would not have to face the prospect of a two-front war, as it had in World War\u00a0I."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "breast cancer"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 21 December 1907, his mother died of breast cancer at the age of 47, when he himself was 18."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory",
            "Lawrence Hinman",
            "liberty"
        ],
        "sentence": "American philosopher Timothy Garry has proposed an approach that deems nonhuman animals worthy of prima facie rights. In a philosophical context, a prima facie (Latin for \"on the face of it\" or \"at first glance\") right is one that appears to be applicable at first glance, but upon closer examination may be outweighed by other considerations. In his book Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory, Lawrence Hinman characterizes such rights as \"the right is real but leaves open the question of whether it is applicable and overriding in a particular situation\". The idea that nonhuman animals are worthy of prima facie rights is to say that, in a sense, animals have rights that can be overridden by many other considerations, especially those conflicting a human's right to life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness. Garry supports his view arguing:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ludwig von Mises"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ludwig von Mises wrote in the 1930s: \"Credit expansion cannot increase the supply of real goods."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Justinian I",
            "legal code",
            "Hagia Sophia",
            "Constantinople"
        ],
        "sentence": "Emperor Justinian I presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a legal code that forms the basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the Hagia Sophia and brought the Christian church under state control."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Analyzing what has been learned by an ANN is much easier than analyzing what has been learned by a biological neural network. Furthermore, researchers involved in exploring learning algorithms for neural networks are gradually uncovering general principles that allow a learning machine to be successful. For example, local vs. non-local learning and shallow vs. deep architecture.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "machine learning",
            "artificial neural networks",
            "representation learning",
            "supervised",
            "semi-supervised",
            "unsupervised"
        ],
        "sentence": "Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods, which is based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. The adjective \"deep\" in deep learning refers to the use of multiple layers in the network. Methods used can be either supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "stormed and captured Berlin",
            "German forces surrendered",
            "Reichstag",
            "Germany",
            "German",
            "Soviet",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Soviet troops stormed and captured Berlin in late April. In Italy, German forces surrendered on 29 April. On 30 April, the Reichstag was captured, signalling the military defeat of Nazi Germany, and the Berlin garrison surrendered on 2 May.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Vittorio Veneto",
            "Italy",
            "Austria-Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 24 October, Diaz launched the Battle of Vittorio Veneto and initially met stubborn resistance,  but with Austria-Hungary collapsing, Hungarian divisions in Italy now demanded they be sent home."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sank\u014d Sakusen"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mitsuyoshi Himeta reported that 2.7\u00a0million casualties occurred during the Sank\u014d Sakusen."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "radical, racially motivated revision of the world order",
            "rearmament campaign",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following Hindenburg's death in 1934, Hitler proclaimed himself F\u00fchrer of Germany and abolished democracy, espousing a radical, racially motivated revision of the world order, and soon began a massive rearmament campaign."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Environmental Performance Index",
            "Forest Landscape Integrity Index",
            "\u0160umava National Park",
            "Krkono\u0161e National Park",
            "\u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko National Park",
            "Podyj\u00ed National Park",
            "countries",
            "Czech",
            "Krkono\u0161e"
        ],
        "sentence": "As of 2020, the Czech Republic ranks as the 21st most environmentally conscious country in the world in Environmental Performance Index. It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 1.71/10, ranking it 160th globally out of 172 countries. The Czech Republic has four National Parks (\u0160umava National Park, Krkono\u0161e National Park, \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko National Park, Podyj\u00ed National Park) and 25 Protected Landscape Areas.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Securities and Exchange Commission",
            "securities",
            "Federal Communications Commission",
            "regulate telecommunications"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission was created to regulate the trading of securities, while the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was established to regulate telecommunications."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jewish"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Jewish population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "breaking point",
            "Bosnian Serb",
            "Gavrilo Princip",
            "assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand"
        ],
        "sentence": "This reached a breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "world cinema",
            "Asian cinema",
            "Yasujir\u014d Ozu",
            "Tokyo Story",
            "Satyajit Ray",
            "The Apu Trilogy",
            "Jalsaghar",
            "Kenji Mizoguchi",
            "Ugetsu",
            "Sansho the Bailiff",
            "Raj Kapoor",
            "Awaara",
            "Mikio Naruse",
            "Floating Clouds",
            "Guru Dutt",
            "Pyaasa",
            "Kaagaz Ke Phool",
            "Akira Kurosawa",
            "Rashomon",
            "Ikiru",
            "Seven Samurai",
            "Throne of Blood",
            "M",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following the end of World War II in the 1940s, the following decade, the 1950s, marked a 'golden age' for non-English world cinema, especially for Asian cinema. Many of the most critically acclaimed Asian films of all time were produced during this decade, including Yasujir\u014d Ozu's Tokyo Story (1953), Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy (1955\u20131959) and Jalsaghar (1958), Kenji Mizoguchi's Ugetsu (1954) and Sansho the Bailiff (1954), Raj Kapoor's Awaara (1951), Mikio Naruse's Floating Clouds (1955), Guru Dutt's Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), and the Akira Kurosawa films Rashomon (1950), Ikiru (1952), Seven Samurai (1954) and Throne of Blood (1957).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution",
            "Self-Defense Force",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "The country's military (the Japan Self-Defense Forces) is restricted by Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which renounces Japan's right to declare war or use military force in international disputes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bus",
            "Gartner"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the second quarter of 2018, PC sales grew for the first time since the first quarter of 2012. According to research firm Gartner, the growth mainly came from the business market while the consumer market experienced decline.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "This was endorsed by the Russian Empire and introduced the convention that would eventually become commonly accepted."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "service dogs",
            "assistance dogs",
            "guide dogs",
            "hearing dogs",
            "mobility assistance dogs",
            "psychiatric service dogs",
            "epilepsy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Various kinds of service dogs and assistance dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs, mobility assistance dogs and psychiatric service dogs, assist individuals with disabilities. Some dogs owned by people with epilepsy have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jennie",
            "Leonard Jerome"
        ],
        "sentence": "His mother, Jennie, was a daughter of Leonard Jerome, a wealthy American businessman."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Gabor filters",
            "support vector machines",
            "artificial neural network"
        ],
        "sentence": "Simpler models that use task-specific handcrafted features such as Gabor filters and support vector machines (SVMs) were a popular choice in the 1990s and 2000s, because of artificial neural network's (ANN) computational cost and a lack of understanding of how the brain wires its biological networks.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Amiga",
            "Sinclair",
            "Amstrad",
            "Dell",
            "Compaq",
            "Atari",
            "IBM"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the mid-1990s, Amiga, Commodore and Atari systems were no longer on the market, pushed out by strong IBM PC clone competition and low prices. Other previous competition such as Sinclair and Amstrad were no longer in the computer market. With less competition than ever before, Dell rose to high profits and success, introducing low cost systems targeted at consumers and business markets using a direct-sales model. Dell surpassed Compaq as the world's largest computer manufacturer, and held that position until October 2006.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "speed of light",
            "mass"
        ],
        "sentence": "Consider the elastic collision scenario in Fig.\u00a06-3 between a moving particle colliding with an equal mass stationary particle. Unlike the Newtonian case, the angle between the two particles after collision is less than 90\u00b0, is dependent on the angle of scattering, and becomes smaller and smaller as the velocity of the incident particle approaches the speed of light:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "academic disciplines",
            "natural",
            "social sciences",
            "econometrics",
            "auditing",
            "analysis of variance",
            "chi-squared test",
            "Student's t-test",
            "linear regression",
            "Pearson's correlation coefficient",
            "Mann-Whitney U test",
            "Kruskal-Wallis test",
            "Shannon's diversity index",
            "Tukey's range test",
            "cluster analysis",
            "Spearman's rank correlation coefficient",
            "principal component analysis",
            "variance",
            "correlation",
            "tests",
            "efficient",
            "regression"
        ],
        "sentence": "Statistics is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, including natural and social sciences, government, and business. Business statistics applies statistical methods in econometrics, auditing and production and operations, including services improvement and marketing research. A study of two journals in tropical biology found that the 12 most frequent statistical tests are: analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared test, Student's t-test, linear regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Shannon's diversity index, Tukey's range test, cluster analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and principal component analysis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of the Somme",
            "opening day",
            "British Army",
            "trench foot",
            "shell shock",
            "mustard gas",
            "lice",
            "trench fever",
            "cooties",
            "body lice",
            "Spanish flu",
            "trenches",
            "offensive"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Battle of the Somme was an Anglo-French offensive of July to November 1916. The opening day on 1 July 1916 was the bloodiest single day in the history of the British Army, which suffered 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 dead. As a whole, the Somme offensive led to an estimated 420,000 British casualties, along with 200,000 French and 500,000 German. Gun fire was not the only factor taking lives; the diseases that emerged in the trenches were a major killer on both sides. The living conditions made it so that countless diseases and infections occurred, such as trench foot, shell shock, blindness/burns from mustard gas, lice, trench fever, \"cooties\" (body lice) and the 'Spanish flu'.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "phonograms",
            "hiragana",
            "katakana",
            "Heian period",
            "kana"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the early Heian period, the system of phonograms known as kana (hiragana and katakana) was developed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "population dynamics",
            "modeling",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "Ecology heavily uses modeling to simulate population dynamics, study ecosystems such as the predator-prey model, measure pollution diffusion, or to assess climate change."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Potsdam Declaration",
            "unconditional surrender",
            "Japanese society"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 22 June, the Emperor met with his ministers saying, \"I desire that concrete plans to end the war, unhampered by existing policy, be speedily studied and that efforts be made to implement them.\" The attempt to negotiate a peace via the Soviet Union came to nothing. There was always the threat that extremists would carry out a coup or foment other violence. On 26 July 1945, the Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration demanding unconditional surrender. The Japanese government council, the Big Six, considered that option and recommended to the Emperor that it be accepted only if one to four conditions were agreed upon, including a guarantee of the Emperor's continued position in Japanese society. The Emperor decided not to surrender.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Terufumi Sasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "Only one doctor, Terufumi Sasaki, remained on duty at the Red Cross Hospital."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "semi-arid",
            "alpine climate",
            "arid",
            "Mediterranean",
            "coastal California",
            "oceanic",
            "Oregon",
            "Washington",
            "subarctic",
            "polar",
            "Florida",
            "tropical",
            "Caribbean",
            "Alaska",
            "California",
            "Pacific",
            "Hawaii",
            "the South",
            "Great Basin",
            "100th meridian",
            "Great Plains"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Many mountainous areas of the American West have an alpine climate. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Hawaii and the southern tip of Florida are tropical, as well as its territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "\"Folgerungen aus den Capillarit\u00e4tserscheinungen\""
        ],
        "sentence": "It was published in 1901 with the title \"Folgerungen aus den Capillarit\u00e4tserscheinungen\", which translates as \"Conclusions from the capillarity phenomena\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1940 Democratic National Convention",
            "Constitution",
            "George Washington",
            "1796 presidential election",
            "Western Europe",
            "Wendell Willkie",
            "presidential election",
            "James",
            "Republican",
            "John",
            "James Farley"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the months prior to the July 1940 Democratic National Convention, there was much speculation as to whether Roosevelt would run for an unprecedented third term. The president was silent, and even his closest advisors were in the dark. The two-term tradition, although not yet enshrined in the Constitution, had been established by George Washington when he refused to run for a third term in the 1796 presidential election. Roosevelt refused to give a definitive statement as to his willingness to be a candidate again, and he even indicated to some ambitious Democrats, such as James Farley, that he would not run for a third term and that they could seek the Democratic nomination. Farley and Vice President John Garner were not pleased with Roosevelt's decision to break from Washington's precedent. As Germany swept through Western Europe and menaced Britain in mid-1940, Roosevelt decided that only he had the necessary experience and skills to see the nation safely through the Nazi threat. He was aided by the party's political bosses, who feared that no Democrat except Roosevelt could defeat Wendell Willkie, the popular Republican nominee.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bengal"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the British realised the full extent of the famine in September 1943, Churchill ordered the transportation of 130,000 tons of Iraqi and Australian grain to Bengal and the war cabinet agreed to send 200,000 tons by the end of the year."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mathematical analysis",
            "linear algebra",
            "stochastic analysis",
            "differential equations",
            "measure-theoretic probability theory",
            "mathematics",
            "probability theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mathematical statistics is the application of mathematics to statistics. Mathematical techniques used for this include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure-theoretic probability theory.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "George Gamow",
            "Big Bang"
        ],
        "sentence": "George Gamow was one of the foremost advocates of the Big Bang theory."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Amnesty International",
            "Human Rights Watch"
        ],
        "sentence": "In particular, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch say that Russia is not democratic and allows few political rights and civil liberties to its citizens."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ossetian"
        ],
        "sentence": "It has been argued that his ancestry was Ossetian, because his genetic haplotype (G2a-Z6653) is considered typical of the Ossetians, but he never acknowledged an Ossetian identity."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russian Civil War",
            "Bolshevik",
            "Bolsheviks"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Bolsheviks won the Russian Civil War by the end of 1919."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "East Prussia",
            "plebiscite",
            "East Prussia plebiscite"
        ],
        "sentence": "In regards to the East Prussia plebiscite, historian Richard Blanke wrote that \"no other contested ethnic group has ever, under un-coerced conditions, issued so one-sided a statement of its national preference\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Oldowan",
            "Lower Paleolithic"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first human settlement on Russia dates back to the Oldowan period in the early Lower Paleolithic."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "muons",
            "clock"
        ],
        "sentence": "This shows that the time (\u0394t\u2032) between the two ticks as seen in the frame in which the clock is moving (S\u2032), is longer than the time (\u0394t) between these ticks as measured in the rest frame of the clock (S). Time dilation explains a number of physical phenomena; for example, the lifetime of high speed muons created by the collision of cosmic rays with particles in the Earth's outer atmosphere and moving towards the surface is greater than the lifetime of slowly moving muons, created and decaying in a laboratory.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deforestation",
            "broadleaf and mixed",
            "taiga",
            "rainforests",
            "Cork oak",
            "plantations",
            "conifers",
            "smallest percentage of forested area",
            "Iceland",
            "art",
            "Russia",
            "Finland",
            "Western Europe",
            "Mediterranean",
            "Mediterranean Sea",
            "Arctic Ocean",
            "forest",
            "Caucasus"
        ],
        "sentence": "Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Although over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of deforestation, Europe still has over one quarter of its land area as forest, such as the broadleaf and mixed forests, taiga of Scandinavia and Russia, mixed rainforests of the Caucasus and the Cork oak forests in the western Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been slowed and many trees have been planted. However, in many cases monoculture plantations of conifers have replaced the original mixed natural forest, because these grow quicker. The plantations now cover vast areas of land, but offer poorer habitats for many European forest dwelling species which require a mixture of tree species and diverse forest structure. The amount of natural forest in Western Europe is just 2\u20133% or less, while in its Western Russia its 5\u201310%. The European country with the smallest percentage of forested area is Iceland (1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ante Paveli\u0107",
            "Usta\u0161e",
            "Poglavnik",
            "Croatian"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 16 April 1941, Ante Paveli\u0107, a Croatian nationalist and one of the founders of the Usta\u0161e (\"Croatian Liberation Movement\"), was proclaimed Poglavnik (leader) of the new regime."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Terminator 2: Judgment Day",
            "Jurassic Park",
            "Titanic",
            "Avatar",
            "Steven Soderbergh",
            "Sex, Lies, and Videotape",
            "Quentin Tarantino",
            "Reservoir Dogs",
            "video",
            "home video",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "The early 1990s saw the development of a commercially successful independent cinema in the United States. Although cinema was increasingly dominated by special-effects films such as Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Jurassic Park (1993) and Titanic (1997), the latter of which became the highest-grossing film of all time at the time up until Avatar (2009), also directed by James Cameron, independent films like Steven Soderbergh's Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) and Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992) had significant commercial success both at the cinema and on home video.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "statisticians",
            "alternative hypothesis",
            "null hypothesis",
            "alternative"
        ],
        "sentence": "What statisticians call an alternative hypothesis is simply a hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "My Early Life"
        ],
        "sentence": "In October 1930, after his return from a trip to North America, Churchill published his autobiography, My Early Life, which sold well and was translated into multiple languages."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Robert Christgau"
        ],
        "sentence": "Pop critic Robert Christgau wrote that Jackson's work from the 1970s to the early 1990s showed \"immense originality, adaptability, and ambition\" with \"genius beats, hooks, arrangements, and vocals (though not lyrics)\", music that \"will stand forever as a reproach to the puritanical notion that pop music is slick or shallow and that's the end of it\". During the 1990s, as Jackson lost control of his \"troubling life\", his music suffered and began to shape \"an arc not merely of promise fulfilled and outlived, but of something approaching tragedy: a phenomenally ebullient child star tops himself like none before, only to transmute audibly into a lost weirdo\". In the 2000s, Christgau wrote: \"Jackson's obsession with fame, his grotesque life magnified by his grotesque wealth, are such an offense to rock aesthetes that the fact that he's a great musician is now often forgotten\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "hunting",
            "herding",
            "pulling loads",
            "protection",
            "assisting police",
            "military",
            "companionship",
            "aiding disabled individuals",
            "man's best friend",
            "are also a source of meat",
            "hunter-gatherers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship and aiding disabled individuals. This influence on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "small tortoiseshell"
        ],
        "sentence": "A number of insects, such as the small tortoiseshell butterfly, add to the biodiversity."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "front bench",
            "Liberal Imperialists",
            "H."
        ],
        "sentence": "This upset the Conservative front bench but was supported by Liberals, with whom he increasingly socialised, particularly Liberal Imperialists like H."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Napoleonic rule",
            "nation state",
            "administration",
            "law",
            "education",
            "French Revolution"
        ],
        "sentence": "Napoleonic rule resulted in the further dissemination of the ideals of the French Revolution, including that of the nation state, as well as the widespread adoption of the French models of administration, law and education."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hudson Valley",
            "Hyde Park, New York",
            "James Roosevelt I",
            "Sara Ann Delano",
            "Roosevelts",
            "Aspinwalls",
            "Delanos",
            "New Amsterdam",
            "Philip Delano",
            "New World",
            "Fortune",
            "Massachusetts",
            "James Roosevelt \"Rosy\" Roosevelt"
        ],
        "sentence": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in the Hudson Valley town of Hyde Park, New York, to businessman James Roosevelt I and his second wife, Sara Ann Delano. His parents, who were sixth cousins, both came from wealthy, established New York families, the Roosevelts, the Aspinwalls and the Delanos, respectively. Roosevelt's paternal ancestor migrated to New Amsterdam in the 17th century, and the Roosevelts succeeded as merchants and landowners. The Delano family patriarch, Philip Delano, traveled to the New World on the Fortune in 1621, and the Delanos thrived as merchants and shipbuilders in Massachusetts. Franklin had a half-brother, James Roosevelt \"Rosy\" Roosevelt, from his father's previous marriage.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fumimaro Konoe",
            "Privy Council of Japan",
            "United States Asiatic Fleet",
            "United States Pacific Fleet",
            "Pearl Harbor",
            "Hawaii",
            "struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack",
            "battleship",
            "attacked",
            "Thailand",
            "Hong Kong",
            "Infamy Speech",
            "declared war on Japan",
            "responded in kind",
            "United States",
            "South",
            "Secretary of State",
            "Southeast Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Japanese were incensed by the embargo and Japanese leaders became determined to attack the United States unless it lifted the embargo. The Roosevelt administration was unwilling to reverse the policy, and Secretary of State Hull blocked a potential summit between Roosevelt and Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe. After diplomatic efforts to end the embargo failed, the Privy Council of Japan authorized a strike against the United States. The Japanese believed that the destruction of the United States Asiatic Fleet (stationed in the Philippines) and the United States Pacific Fleet (stationed at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii) was vital to the conquest of Southeast Asia. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. At the same time, separate Japanese task forces attacked Thailand, British Hong Kong, the Philippines, and other targets. Roosevelt called for war in his \"Infamy Speech\" to Congress, in which he said: \"Yesterday, December 7, 1941\u2014a date which will live in infamy\u2014the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.\" In a nearly unanimous vote, Congress declared war on Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ale"
        ],
        "sentence": "In early forms of English and in the Scandinavian languages, the usual word for beer was the word whose Modern English form is ale.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Hungary",
            "Munich",
            "Romania"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hungary refused to participate in Nazi Germany's planned invasion of Czechoslovakia during the Sudenten Crisis, but after the Munich Agreement carried out a diplomatic rapprochement in order to avoid Germany developing too close of an alliance with Hungary's rival Romania."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Selected Works of Mao Zedong",
            "Hua Guofeng",
            "Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung",
            "Lin Biao",
            "Cultural Revolution",
            "The Little Red Book"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mao was a prolific writer of political and philosophical literature. The main repository of his pre-1949 writings is the Selected Works of Mao Zedong, published in four volumes by the People's Publishing House since 1951. A fifth volume, which brought the timeline up to 1957, was briefly issued during the leadership of Hua Guofeng, but subsequently withdrawn from circulation for its perceived ideological errors. There has never been an official \"Complete Works of Mao Zedong\" collecting all his known publications. Mao is the attributed author of Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, known in the West as the \"Little Red Book\" and in Cultural Revolution China as the \"Red Treasure Book\" (\u7d05\u5bf6\u66f8). First published in January 1964, this is a collection of short extracts from his many speeches and articles (most found in the Selected Works), edited by Lin Biao, and ordered topically. The Little Red Book contains some of Mao's most widely known quotes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "neurons"
        ],
        "sentence": "Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "One From The Heart",
            "Michael Cimino",
            "Heaven's Gate",
            "United Artists",
            "Cannes",
            "Apocalypse Now"
        ],
        "sentence": "The increasing indulgence of these young directors did not help. Often, they would go overschedule, and overbudget, thus bankrupting themselves or the studio. The three most notable examples of this are Coppola's Apocalypse Now and One From The Heart and particularly Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate, which single-handedly bankrupted United Artists. However, Apocalypse Now eventually made its money back and gained widespread recognition as a masterpiece, winning the Palme d'Or at Cannes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kevin Costello",
            "Kadanoff",
            "Wilson",
            "Polchinski",
            "Batalin-Vilkovisky",
            "field",
            "power series",
            "renormalization"
        ],
        "sentence": "However, perturbative quantum field theory, which only requires that quantities be computable as a formal power series without any convergence requirements, can be given a rigorous mathematical treatment. In particular, Kevin Costello's monograph Renormalization and Effective Field Theory provides a rigorous formulation of perturbative renormalization that combines both the effective-field theory approaches of Kadanoff, Wilson, and Polchinski, together with the Batalin-Vilkovisky approach to quantizing gauge theories. Furthermore,  perturbative path-integral methods, typically understood as formal computational methods inspired from finite-dimensional integration theory, can be given a sound mathematical interpretation from their finite-dimensional analogues.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "autopsy",
            "medical examiner",
            "anaphylactic shock",
            "polypharmacy",
            "Cyril Wecht",
            "depressants",
            "Michael Baden",
            "enlarged heart",
            "Memphis",
            "codeine",
            "Elvis"
        ],
        "sentence": "While an autopsy, undertaken the same day Presley died, was still in progress, Memphis medical examiner Jerry Francisco announced that the immediate cause of death was cardiac arrest. Asked if drugs were involved, he declared that \"drugs played no role in Presley's death\". In fact, \"drug use was heavily implicated\" in Presley's death, writes Guralnick. The pathologists conducting the autopsy thought it possible, for instance, that he had suffered \"anaphylactic shock brought on by the codeine pills he had gotten from his dentist, to which he was known to have had a mild allergy\". A pair of lab reports filed two months later strongly suggested that polypharmacy was the primary cause of death; one reported \"fourteen drugs in Elvis' system, ten in significant quantity\". In 1979, forensic pathologist Cyril Wecht conducted a review of the reports and concluded that a combination of depressants had resulted in Presley's accidental death. Forensic historian and pathologist Michael Baden viewed the situation as complicated: \"Elvis had had an enlarged heart for a long time. That, together with his drug habit, caused his death. But he was difficult to diagnose; it was a judgment call.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "sensitivity and specificity"
        ],
        "sentence": "In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "V\u00e1clav Havel",
            "V\u00e1clav Klaus",
            "2003 election"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1993, the Republic's first president, V\u00e1clav Havel, had little difficulty achieving victory on the first round of the first ballot, but his re-election bid proved bumpier. In 1998, he was elected with a cumulative seven-vote margin on the second round of the first ballot. By contrast, his successor, V\u00e1clav Klaus, has required the full measure of the process. He narrowly won election on the third ballot at the 2003 election and on the sixth (second attempt, third ballot) in 2008. Both his elections were won in the third round. His biggest margin of victory was two votes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime",
            "United Nations"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, among the member states of the UN that report statistics as of 2018, the incidence rates of violent crimes such as murder, abduction, sexual violence, and robbery are very low in Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Netherlands",
            "NSB",
            "stock",
            "World War I",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "From roughly 1931 to 1937, the Netherlands suffered a deep and exceptionally long depression. This depression was partly caused by the after-effects of the American stock-market crash of 1929, and partly by internal factors in the Netherlands. Government policy, especially the very late dropping of the Gold Standard, played a role in prolonging the depression. The Great Depression in the Netherlands led to some political instability and riots, and can be linked to the rise of the Dutch fascist political party NSB. The depression in the Netherlands eased off somewhat at the end of 1936, when the government finally dropped the Gold Standard, but real economic stability did not return until after World War II.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "The Second World War"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1958, five years after the account of this meeting was published (in Churchill's The Second World War), Soviet authorities denied that Stalin had accepted such an \"imperialist proposal\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "decline",
            "Union of Krewo",
            "Kingdom of Poland",
            "Grand Duchy of Lithuania",
            "hegemony",
            "Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth",
            "Second Northern War",
            "Deluge",
            "partitioned",
            "art",
            "Poland",
            "Kingdom",
            "East"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 17th century in Central and parts of Eastern Europe was a period of general decline; the region experienced more than 150 famines in a 200-year period between 1501 and 1700. From the Union of Krewo (1385) east-central Europe was dominated by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The hegemony of the vast Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth had ended with the devastation brought by the Second Northern War (Deluge) and subsequent conflicts; the state itself was partitioned and ceased to exist at the end of the 18th century.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Boris Bazhanov"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin was no womaniser. According to Boris Bazhanov, Stalin's one-time secretary, \"Women didn't interest him. His own woman [Alliluyeva] was enough for him, and he paid scant attention to her.\" However, Montefiore noted that in his early life Stalin \"rarely seems to have been without a girlfriend.\" Montefiore described Stalin's favoured types as \"young, malleable teenagers or buxom peasant women,\" who would be supportive and unchallenging toward him. According to Service, Stalin \"regarded women as a resource for sexual gratification and domestic comfort.\" Stalin married twice and had several children.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Blu-ray",
            "box set",
            "HBO"
        ],
        "sentence": "The ten episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones were released as a DVD and Blu-ray box set on March 6, 2012. The box set includes extra background and behind-the-scenes material but no deleted scenes, since nearly all the footage shot for the first season was used. The box set sold over 350,000 copies in the week following its release, the largest first-week DVD sales ever for an HBO series. The series also set an HBO-series record for digital-download sales. A collector's-edition box set was released in November 2012, combining the DVD and Blu-ray versions of the first season with the first episode of season two. A paperweight in the shape of a dragon egg is included in the set.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chamber of Deputies",
            "Senate"
        ],
        "sentence": "If no single candidate gets a majority of both the Chamber and the Senate, a second round is then called for. At this stage, a candidate requires an absolute majority of merely those present at the time of voting in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The number of votes required in the second round might be the same as in the first round but, as in 2008, can be a little less due to the absence of a few parliamentarians. In this second round, a single candidate would still need to win a majority in both the Chamber and the Senate.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "graph",
            "von Neumann architecture",
            "memory",
            "CPU",
            "neurons",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Large and effective neural networks require considerable computing resources. While the brain has hardware tailored to the task of processing signals through a graph of neurons, simulating even a simplified neuron on von Neumann architecture may consume vast amounts of memory and storage. Furthermore, the designer often needs to transmit signals through many of these connections and their associated neurons\u00a0\u2013  which require enormous CPU power and time.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soemu Toyoda",
            "General"
        ],
        "sentence": "Admiral Soemu Toyoda, the Chief of the Naval General Staff, estimated that no more than one or two additional bombs could be readied, so they decided to endure the remaining attacks, acknowledging \"there would be more destruction but the war would go on\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French North Africa",
            "Henri Giraud",
            "Free French",
            "French National Committee",
            "provisional government",
            "Algiers",
            "French Committee of National Liberation",
            "North Africa",
            "Vichy"
        ],
        "sentence": "In June 1943, the formerly Vichy-loyal colonial authorities in French North Africa led by Henri Giraud came to an agreement with the Free French to merge with their own interim regime with the French National Committee (Comit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais National, CFN) to form a provisional government in Algiers, known as the French Committee of National Liberation (Comit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale, CFLN) initially led by Darlan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kalem Company",
            "Universal Studios",
            "Champion Film Company",
            "1920s",
            "Independent Moving Pictures",
            "Peerless Studios",
            "The Solax Company",
            "\u00c9clair Studios",
            "Goldwyn Picture Corporation",
            "American M\u00e9li\u00e8s",
            "World Film Company",
            "Biograph Studios",
            "Fox Film Corporation",
            "Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res",
            "Metro Pictures Corporation",
            "Victor Film Company",
            "Selznick Pictures Corporation",
            "Mary Pickford"
        ],
        "sentence": "The industry began attracting both capital and an innovative workforce. In 1907, when the Kalem Company began using Fort Lee as a location for filming in the area, other filmmakers quickly followed. In 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. Others quickly followed and either built new studios or leased facilities in Fort Lee. In the 1910s and 1920s, film companies such as the Independent Moving Pictures Company, Peerless Studios, The Solax Company, \u00c9clair Studios, Goldwyn Picture Corporation, American M\u00e9li\u00e8s (Star Films), World Film Company, Biograph Studios, Fox Film Corporation, Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, Metro Pictures Corporation, Victor Film Company, and Selznick Pictures Corporation were all making pictures in Fort Lee. Such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "International Red Cross",
            "Germany",
            "Russia",
            "Central Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The most dangerous moment was the act of surrender when helpless soldiers were sometimes gunned down. Once prisoners reached a camp, conditions were, in general, satisfactory (and much better than in World War\u00a0II), thanks in part to the efforts of the International Red Cross and inspections by neutral nations. However, conditions were terrible in Russia. Starvation was common for prisoners and civilians alike. About 15\u201320% of the prisoners in Russia died, and in Central Powers imprisonment 8% of Russians. In Germany, food was scarce, but only 5% died.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Intel 80386",
            "Compaq Deskpro 386",
            "IBM Personal System/2",
            "PC Clone",
            "PC XT",
            "home computer",
            "Commodore International",
            "Atari",
            "mail order",
            "8088",
            "Cyrix",
            "AMD",
            "Dell",
            "IBM",
            "Compaq",
            "microprocessor",
            "Intel"
        ],
        "sentence": "The transition from a PC-compatible market being driven by IBM to one driven primarily by a broader market began to become clear in 1986 and 1987; in 1986, the 32-bit Intel 80386 microprocessor was released, and the first '386-based PC-compatible was the Compaq Deskpro 386. IBM's response came nearly a year later with the initial release of the IBM Personal System/2 series of computers, which had a closed architecture and were a significant departure from the emerging \"standard PC\". These models were largely unsuccessful, and the PC Clone style machines outpaced sales of all other machines through the rest of this period. Toward the end of the 1980s PC XT clones began to take over the home computer market segment from the specialty manufacturers such as Commodore International and Atari that had previously dominated. These systems typically sold for just under the \"magic\" $1000 price point (typically $999) and were sold via mail order rather than a traditional dealer network. This price was achieved by using the older 8/16 bit technology, such as the 8088 CPU, instead of the 32-bits of the latest Intel CPUs. These CPUs were usually made by a third party such as Cyrix or AMD. Dell started out as one of these manufacturers, under its original name PC Limited.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mayfair"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill rented a flat in London's Mayfair, using it as his base for the next six years."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Proletariatis Brdzola",
            "Filipp Makharadze",
            "Georgia"
        ],
        "sentence": "There, he co-edited a Georgian Marxist newspaper, Proletariatis Brdzola (\"Proletarian Struggle\"), with Filipp Makharadze."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harold Nicolson"
        ],
        "sentence": "Delegate Harold Nicolson wrote \"are we making a good peace?"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Shaoshan",
            "Hunan",
            "Chinese nationalism",
            "anti-imperialist",
            "Xinhai Revolution",
            "May Fourth Movement",
            "Peking University",
            "Chinese Communist Party",
            "Autumn Harvest Uprising",
            "Chinese Civil War",
            "Kuomintang",
            "Chinese Red Army",
            "Jiangxi Soviet",
            "Long March",
            "Second United Front",
            "Second Sino-Japanese War",
            "Japan's surrender",
            "Nationalist government",
            "Taiwan"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mao was the son of a prosperous peasant in Shaoshan, Hunan. He supported Chinese nationalism and had an anti-imperialist outlook early in his life, and was particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919. He later adopted Marxism\u2013Leninism while working at Peking University as a librarian and became a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CCP, Mao helped to found the Chinese Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land reform policies, and ultimately became head of the CCP during the Long March. Although the CCP temporarily allied with the KMT under the Second United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945), China's civil war resumed after Japan's surrender, and Mao's forces defeated the Nationalist government, which withdrew to Taiwan in 1949.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Petrograd"
        ],
        "sentence": "In March 1917, Tsar Nicholas ordered the military to forcibly suppress a wave of strikes in Petrograd but the troops refused to fire on the crowds."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "David Nibert",
            "Wittenberg University",
            "capitalism",
            "democratic socialist",
            "economic democracy",
            "Steven Best",
            "University of Texas at El Paso",
            "Animal Liberation Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "\nAccording to sociologist David Nibert of Wittenberg University, the struggle for animal liberation must happen in tandem with a more generalized struggle against human oppression and exploitation under global capitalism. He says that under a more egalitarian democratic socialist system, one that would \"allow a more just and peaceful order to emerge\" and be \"characterized by economic democracy and a democratically controlled state and mass media\", there would be \"much greater potential to inform the public about vital global issues\u2014and the potential for  \"campaigns to improve the lives of other animals\" to be \"more abolitionist in nature.\" Philosopher Steven Best of the University of Texas at El Paso states that the animal liberation movement, as characterized by the Animal Liberation Front and its various offshoots, \"is a significant threat to global capital.\" "
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Woodrow Wilson",
            "peace"
        ],
        "sentence": "Soon after, US president Woodrow Wilson attempted to intervene as a peacemaker, asking in a note for both sides to state their demands and start negotiations."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "brewpubs",
            "regional breweries",
            "ale",
            "brewing",
            "draught",
            "pub",
            "multinational companies",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "The brewing industry is now a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers, ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. As of 2006, more than 133\u00a0billion litres (35\u00a0billion US gallons), the equivalent of a cube 510 metres on a side, of beer are sold per year, producing total global revenues of US$294.5 billion. In 2010, China's beer consumption hit 450\u00a0million hectolitres (45\u00a0billion litres), or nearly twice that of the United States, but only 5 per cent sold were premium draught beers, compared with 50 per cent in France and Germany.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "invaded northern Burma",
            "besieged Japanese troops",
            "Myitkyina",
            "invaded",
            "Japan",
            "British",
            "counter-offensive",
            "Burma"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1944, British and Indian forces mounted a counter-offensive that drove Japanese troops back to Burma by July, and Chinese forces that had invaded northern Burma in late 1943 besieged Japanese troops in Myitkyina."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "referendum",
            "renewed federation",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mass collectivisation of agriculture",
            "kolkhozy",
            "sovkhoz",
            "Politburo"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1929, the Politburo announced the mass collectivisation of agriculture, establishing both kolkhozy collective farms and sovkhoz state farms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "breed",
            "retriever",
            "gun dog",
            "fishing dogs",
            "colony of Newfoundland",
            "province of Canada",
            "Labrador"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Labrador Retriever, or simply Labrador, is a British breed of retriever gun dog. It was developed in the United Kingdom from fishing dogs imported from the colony of Newfoundland (now a province of Canada), and was named after the Labrador region of that colony. It is among the most commonly kept dogs in several countries, particularly in the European world.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Apple Corps' dispute with Apple, Inc.",
            "iTunes",
            "Apple Corps",
            "Past Masters",
            "EMI",
            "1"
        ],
        "sentence": "Owing to a long-running royalty disagreement, the Beatles were among the last major artists to sign deals with online music services. Residual disagreement emanating from Apple Corps' dispute with Apple, Inc., iTunes' owners, over the use of the name \"Apple\" was also partly responsible for the delay, although in 2008, McCartney stated that the main obstacle to making the Beatles' catalogue available online was that EMI \"want[s] something we're not prepared to give them\". In 2010, the official canon of thirteen Beatles studio albums, Past Masters, and the \"Red\" and \"Blue\" greatest-hits albums were made available on iTunes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "spazio vitale",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Italy, like Germany, also justified its actions by claiming that Italy needed to territorially expand to provide spazio vitale (\"vital space\") for the Italian nation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Latin Christendom",
            "Byzantium",
            "Islam",
            "Iberia",
            "art"
        ],
        "sentence": "A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam, and limited to northern Iberia, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "He ensured that returning Soviet prisoners of war went through \"filtration\" camps as they arrived in the Soviet Union, in which 2,775,700 were interrogated to determine if they were traitors."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lebensraum",
            "Heim ins Reich"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reasons included the Nazi ideologies of Lebensraum and Heim ins Reich\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greek Resistance"
        ],
        "sentence": "By mid-1943, the Greek Resistance had liberated large parts of the mountainous interior (\"Free Greece\"), setting up a separate administration there."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Robert Cecil",
            "Foreign Office"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lord Robert Cecil said that many within the Foreign Office were disappointed by the treaty."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Federal Reserve System",
            "lender of last resort",
            "money supply",
            "deflation"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is a consensus that the Federal Reserve System should have cut short the process of monetary deflation and banking collapse, by expanding the money supply and acting as lender of last resort. If they had done this, the economic downturn would have been far less severe and much shorter.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "craft beer scene",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "France may be more commonly associated with wine, but its craft beer scene is just as exciting and dynamic. From classic farmhouse ales to experimental styles infused with local ingredients like lavender or foie gras, there\u2019s truly something for everyone in this realm.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "number of immigrant population",
            "highest",
            "immigrant population"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States has by far the highest number of immigrant population in the world, with 50,661,149 people."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gradient",
            "cost function",
            "stochastic gradient descent",
            "extreme learning machines",
            "non-connectionist neural networks",
            "weight",
            "gradient descent",
            "neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Backpropagation is a method used to adjust the connection weights to compensate for each error found during learning. The error amount is effectively divided among the connections. Technically, backprop calculates the gradient (the derivative) of the cost function associated with a given state with respect to the weights. The weight updates can be done via stochastic gradient descent or other methods, such as extreme learning machines, \"no-prop\" networks, training without backtracking, \"weightless\" networks, and non-connectionist neural networks.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "Humans, as well as some other animals, find symmetric patterns to be more beautiful."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "The Blair Witch Project",
            "horror film",
            "Eduardo Sanchez",
            "Daniel Myrick",
            "George Lucas",
            "Star Wars Trilogy",
            "horror",
            "Star Wars"
        ],
        "sentence": "Even The Blair Witch Project (1999), a low-budget indie horror film by Eduardo Sanchez and Daniel Myrick, was a huge financial success. Filmed on a budget of just $35,000, without any big stars or special effects, the film grossed $248\u00a0million with the use of modern marketing techniques and online promotion. Though not on the scale of George Lucas's $1\u00a0billion prequel to the Star Wars Trilogy, The Blair Witch Project earned the distinction of being the most profitable film of all time, in terms of percentage gross.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "utopian",
            "new Soviet person",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "His speeches and articles reflected his utopian vision of the Soviet Union rising to unparalleled heights of human development, creating a \"new Soviet person\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "American Legion",
            "Veterans of Foreign Wars",
            "Bonus Act"
        ],
        "sentence": "Veterans groups such as the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars won their campaign to transform their benefits from payments due in 1945 to immediate cash when Congress overrode the President's veto and passed the Bonus Act in January 1936."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Apollo program",
            "Moon's origin and evolution"
        ],
        "sentence": "The largest lunar mission since the Apollo program, its purpose was to gather data on the Moon's origin and evolution."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taih\u014d Code"
        ],
        "sentence": "These reforms culminated with the promulgation of the Taih\u014d Code, which consolidated existing statutes and established the structure of the central and subordinate local governments."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "election as president in 1932",
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "New Deal",
            "public works",
            "modern liberalism in the United States",
            "policies"
        ],
        "sentence": "After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt, between 1933 and 1939, introduced his New Deal social and economic policies, which included public works projects, financial reforms, and regulations which represented a shift to a new current of modern liberalism in the United States\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "blended",
            "A Day in the Life",
            "pop",
            "country"
        ],
        "sentence": "Innovation was the most striking feature of their creative evolution, according to music historian and pianist Michael Campbell: \"'A Day in the Life' encapsulates the art and achievement of the Beatles as well as any single track can. It highlights key features of their music: the sound imagination, the persistence of tuneful melody, and the close coordination between words and music. It represents a new category of song \u2013 more sophisticated than pop\u00a0... and uniquely innovative. There literally had never before been a song \u2013 classical or vernacular \u2013 that had blended so many disparate elements so imaginatively.\" Philosophy professor Bruce Ellis Benson agrees: \"the Beatles\u00a0... give us a wonderful example of how such far-ranging influences as Celtic music, rhythm and blues, and country and western could be put together in a new way.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "plans to take the oil-rich Dutch East Indies",
            "Dutch East Indies"
        ],
        "sentence": "Because of this decision, Japan proceeded with plans to take the oil-rich Dutch East Indies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "malt",
            "coke",
            "pale ale",
            "beers"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although beers using naturally dried malt would have been pale-coloured, by the 17th century most malts in Europe would have been dried over a fire, resulting in a dark coloured beer. When coke started to be used for roasting malt in 1642, the resulting lighter coloured beers became very popular. By 1703 the term pale ale was starting to be used, though the beer it described was a lightly hopped ale, very different from more bitter modern versions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "sampling",
            "sample",
            "population",
            "bias",
            "data",
            "experimental"
        ],
        "sentence": "To use a sample as a guide to an entire population, it is important that it truly represents the overall population. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a whole. A major problem lies in determining the extent that the sample chosen is actually representative. Statistics offers methods to estimate and correct for any bias within the sample and data collection procedures. There are also methods of experimental design that can lessen these issues at the outset of a study, strengthening its capability to discern truths about the population.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jewish",
            "the Holocaust",
            "Jan Fischer",
            "Germans",
            "Czech",
            "Moravia",
            "German",
            "Bohemia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia, 118,000 according to the 1930 census, was nearly annihilated by the Nazi Germans during the Holocaust. There were approximately 3,900 Jews in the Czech Republic in 2021. The former Czech prime minister, Jan Fischer, is of Jewish faith.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "antitrust"
        ],
        "sentence": "Industry leaders negotiated the rules with NIRA officials, who suspended antitrust laws in return for better wages."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vimy Ridge"
        ],
        "sentence": "After the Battle of Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian divisions fought together for the first time as a single corps, Canadians began to refer to their country as a nation \"forged from fire\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bohmian mechanics",
            "Schr\u00f6dinger equation",
            "deterministic",
            "wave function",
            "measurement problem",
            "collapse"
        ],
        "sentence": "Bohmian mechanics shows that it is possible to reformulate quantum mechanics to make it deterministic, at the price of making it explicitly nonlocal. It attributes not only a wave function to a physical system, but in addition a real position, that evolves deterministically under a nonlocal guiding equation. The evolution of a physical system is given at all times by the Schr\u00f6dinger equation together with the guiding equation; there is never a collapse of the wave function. This solves the measurement problem.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ceremonial",
            "executive government",
            "prime minister",
            "prestige",
            "moral authority"
        ],
        "sentence": "The president is largely a ceremonial figure with limited powers as the day-to-day business of the executive government is entrusted to the prime minister, and  many of the president's actions require prime ministerial approval. Nevertheless, the presidency is widely viewed to be a significant source of prestige, power and moral authority in both domestic and foreign affairs.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mathematical",
            "geometry",
            "algebra",
            "arithmetic operations"
        ],
        "sentence": "Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Germany",
            "F",
            "German",
            "Soviet",
            "Soviet Union",
            "E",
            "Eastern Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviet Union alone lost around 27\u00a0million people during the war, including 8.7\u00a0million military and 19\u00a0million civilian deaths. A quarter of the total people in the Soviet Union were wounded or killed. Germany sustained 5.3\u00a0million military losses, mostly on the Eastern Front and during the final battles in Germany.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Independent State of Croatia",
            "Tripartite Pact"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 10 April 1941, the so-called Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, or NDH), an installed German\u2013Italian puppet state, co-signed the Tripartite Pact."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "head of government",
            "Vyacheslav Molotov"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin was now the party's supreme leader, although he was not the head of government, a task he entrusted to his key ally Vyacheslav Molotov."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fire-control systems",
            "ship",
            "gunlaying",
            "Coriolis effect",
            "Arthur Pollen",
            "analogue computer",
            "Imperial Russian Navy",
            "World War I",
            "Dreyer Table",
            "electrical",
            "mechanical",
            "computing"
        ],
        "sentence": "An important advance in analog computing was the development of the first fire-control systems for long range ship gunlaying. When gunnery ranges increased dramatically in the late 19th century it was no longer a simple matter of calculating the proper aim point, given the flight times of the shells. Various spotters on board the ship would relay distance measures and observations to a central plotting station. There the fire direction teams fed in the location, speed and direction of the ship and its target, as well as various adjustments for Coriolis effect, weather effects on the air, and other adjustments; the computer would then output a firing solution, which would be fed to the turrets for laying. In 1912, British engineer Arthur Pollen developed the first electrically powered mechanical analogue computer (called at the time the Argo Clock). It was used by the Imperial Russian Navy in World War I. The alternative Dreyer Table fire control system was fitted to British capital ships by mid-1916.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Armistice with Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Foodstuffs imports into Germany were controlled by the Allies after the Armistice with Germany until Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japan",
            "British"
        ],
        "sentence": "In July 1941 Japan sent troops to southern Indochina, thus threatening British and Dutch possessions in the Far East."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "New York State Legislature"
        ],
        "sentence": "He also began holding \"fireside chats\", in which he directly addressed his constituents via radio, often pressuring the New York State Legislature to advance his agenda."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Time",
            "Obi-Wan Kenobi",
            "Leia",
            "R2-D2",
            "C-3PO",
            "sequel trilogy",
            "prequel trilogy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prior to releasing the original film, and made possible by its success, Lucas planned \"three trilogies of nine films\". However, he announced to Time in 1978 that he planned \"10 sequels\". He confirmed that he had outlined the prequels and sequels in 1981. At various stages of development, the sequel trilogy was to focus on the rebuilding of the Republic, the return of Luke in a role similar to that of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original trilogy, Luke's sister (not yet determined to be Leia), Han, Leia, R2-D2 and C-3PO. However, after beginning work on the prequel trilogy, Lucas insisted that Star Wars was meant to be a six-part series and that there would be no sequel trilogy.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greece",
            "Serbia",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The result was that even countries which benefited from the Balkan Wars, such as Serbia and Greece, felt cheated of their \"rightful gains\", while for Austria it demonstrated the apparent indifference with which other powers viewed their concerns, including Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cantor",
            "infinite sets",
            "actually infinite",
            "infinity",
            "enumeration",
            "set"
        ],
        "sentence": "Before Cantor's study of infinite sets, mathematicians were reluctant to consider actually infinite collections, and considered infinity to be the result of endless enumeration."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "US Congress",
            "Sir Charles Wilson",
            "coronary deficiency",
            "Canadian Parliament",
            "Plymouth",
            "Boeing 314 Clipper",
            "vote of confidence",
            "coalition government",
            "Bermuda"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 26 December, Churchill addressed a joint meeting of the US Congress but, that night, he suffered a mild heart attack which was diagnosed by his physician, Sir Charles Wilson (later Lord Moran), as a coronary deficiency needing several weeks' bed rest. Churchill insisted that he did not need bed rest and, two days later, journeyed on to Ottawa by train where he gave a speech to the Canadian Parliament that included the \"some chicken, some neck\" line in which he recalled French predictions in 1940 that \"Britain alone would have her neck wrung like a chicken\". He arrived home in mid-January, having flown from Bermuda to Plymouth in a Boeing 314 Clipper (the first transatlantic air crossing by a head of government), to find that there was a crisis of confidence in both his coalition government and himself personally, and he decided to face a vote of confidence in the Commons, which he won easily.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Dalmatian coast",
            "Fiume"
        ],
        "sentence": "The country had suffered high casualties, yet failed to achieve most of its major war goals, notably gaining control of the Dalmatian coast and Fiume."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "word processors",
            "spreadsheets",
            "media players",
            "Microsoft Office",
            "LibreOffice",
            "user interface",
            "applications",
            "Microsoft",
            "software",
            "interface"
        ],
        "sentence": "Typical examples of software applications are word processors, spreadsheets, and media players. Multiple applications bundled together as a package are sometimes referred to as an application suite. Microsoft Office and LibreOffice, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, and several other discrete applications, are typical examples. The separate applications in a suite usually have a user interface that has some commonality making it easier for the user to learn and use each application. Often, they may have some capability to interact with each other in ways beneficial to the user; for example, a spreadsheet might be able to be embedded in a word processor document even though it had been created in the separate spreadsheet application.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Wall Street crash",
            "socialism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin's message was that socialism was being established in the USSR while capitalism was crumbling amid the Wall Street crash."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de",
            "Jewish"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 15 May 1940, Himmler issued a memo entitled \"Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Population in the East\", calling for the expulsion of the entire Jewish population of Europe into Africa and the reduction of the Polish population to a \"leaderless class of labourers\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Zond 5",
            "Moon"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1968, Zond 5 brought the first Earthlings (two tortoises and other life forms) to circumnavigate the Moon."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "captured Berlin",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "Despite initial catastrophes, the Soviet military repelled the German invasion and captured Berlin in 1945, ending World War II in Europe."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "voting bloc",
            "Republican"
        ],
        "sentence": "In response to Roosevelt's policies, African Americans increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Shandong",
            "Eastern China",
            "Japanese Empire",
            "Republic of China",
            "Republican Party",
            "Senate election",
            "Democrat",
            "self-determination",
            "Senate",
            "League of Nations",
            "Fourteen Points"
        ],
        "sentence": "Wilson brought along top intellectuals as advisors to the American peace delegation, and the overall American position echoed the Fourteen Points. Wilson firmly opposed harsh treatment on Germany. While the British and French wanted to largely annex the German colonial empire, Wilson saw that as a violation of the fundamental principles of justice and human rights of the native populations, and favored them having the right of self-determination via the creation of mandates. The promoted idea called for the major powers to act as disinterested trustees over a region, aiding the native populations until they could govern themselves.\nIn spite of this position and in order to ensure that Japan did not refuse to join the League of Nations, Wilson favored turning over the former German colony of Shandong, in Eastern China, to the Japanese Empire rather than return the area to the Republic of China's control.\nFurther confounding the Americans, was US internal partisan politics. In November 1918, the Republican Party won the Senate election by a slim margin. Wilson, a Democrat, refused to include prominent Republicans in the American delegation making his efforts seem partisan, and contributed to a risk of political defeat at home.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum tunnelling",
            "potential barrier",
            "radioactive decay",
            "nuclear fusion",
            "scanning tunnelling microscopy",
            "tunnel diode",
            "energy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Another counter-intuitive phenomenon predicted by quantum mechanics is quantum tunnelling: a particle that goes up against a potential barrier can cross it, even if its kinetic energy is smaller than the maximum of the potential. In classical mechanics this particle would be trapped. Quantum tunnelling has several important consequences, enabling radioactive decay, nuclear fusion in stars, and applications such as scanning tunnelling microscopy and the tunnel diode.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cryptographic"
        ],
        "sentence": "In theory, quantum cryptography seems to be a successful turning point in the information security sector. However, no cryptographic method can ever be absolutely secure.  In practice, quantum cryptography is only conditionally secure, dependent on a key set of assumptions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "complex number"
        ],
        "sentence": "where the coefficients are complex numbers describing how much goes into each configuration.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sh\u014dwa era",
            "era",
            "Heisei era",
            "posthumous name",
            "Noboru Takeshita"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Emperor's death ended the Sh\u014dwa era. On the same day a new era began: the Heisei era, effective at midnight the following day. From 7 January until 31 January, the Emperor's formal appellation was \"Departed Emperor\" (\u5927\u884c\u5929\u7687, Taik\u014d-tenn\u014d). His definitive posthumous name, Sh\u014dwa Tenn\u014d (\u662d\u548c\u5929\u7687), was determined on 13 January and formally released on 31 January by Noboru Takeshita, the prime minister.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "off-shell",
            "positrons",
            "electron",
            "electrons",
            "photon",
            "Feynman diagrams",
            "Feynman diagram"
        ],
        "sentence": "Shown above is an example of a tree-level Feynman diagram in QED. It describes an electron and a positron annihilating, creating an off-shell photon, and then decaying into a new pair of electron and positron. Time runs from left to right. Arrows pointing forward in time represent the propagation of positrons, while those pointing backward in time represent the propagation of electrons. A wavy line represents the propagation of a photon. Each vertex in QED Feynman diagrams must have an incoming and an outgoing fermion (positron/electron) leg as well as a photon leg.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "numbers",
            "arithmetic",
            "count",
            "natural numbers",
            "surveying",
            "geometry",
            "architecture",
            "astronomy",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "For example, the natural numbers and arithmetic were introduced for the need of counting, and geometry was motivated by surveying, architecture and astronomy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "national",
            "US",
            "feature films",
            "Turkish",
            "Polish",
            "Russia",
            "films"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Turkish film market stands out in the pan-European landscape as the only market where national films regularly outperform US films. In 2013, it had 1.2 million number of admissions and 87 feature films were released. Between 2004 and 2014, the estimated 12.9 million admissions generated on non-national European markets only accounted for 7% of total admissions to Turkish films in Europe (including Turkey). This was the third lowest share among the 30 European markets for which such data are available and clearly illustrates the strong dependence of Turkish films on the domestic market, a feature which is shared by Polish and Russian films.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "basic",
            "Fort Hood",
            "37th Armor",
            "leave",
            "hepatitis",
            "Nashville",
            "Memphis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Between March 28 and September 17, 1958, Presley completed basic and advanced military training at Fort Hood in Texas, where he was temporarily assigned to Company A, 2d Medium Tank Battalion, 37th Armor. During the two weeks' leave between his basic and advanced training in early June, he recorded five songs in Nashville. In early August, Presley's mother was diagnosed with hepatitis, and her condition rapidly worsened. Presley was granted emergency leave to visit her and arrived in Memphis on August 12. Two days later, she died of heart failure at age 46. Presley was devastated and never the same; their relationship had remained extremely close\u2014even into his adulthood, they would use baby talk with each other and Presley would address her with pet names.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bockscar"
        ],
        "sentence": "Tibbets and Sweeney therefore elected to have Bockscar continue the mission."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Togoland",
            "Kamerun"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 6\u20137 August, French and British troops invaded the German protectorate of Togoland and Kamerun."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Victory Day",
            "End of World War II in Europe",
            "large parade",
            "Immortal Regiment",
            "Russia Day",
            "declaration of sovereignty",
            "Unity Day",
            "1612 uprising",
            "Polish occupation of Moscow",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Red Square",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Moscow",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "Victory Day, which honours Soviet victory over Nazi Germany and the End of World War II in Europe, is celebrated as an annual large parade in Moscow's Red Square; and marks the famous Immortal Regiment civil event. Other patriotic holidays include Russia Day on 12 June, celebrated to commemorate Russia's declaration of sovereignty from the collapsing Soviet Union; and Unity Day on 4 November, commemorating the 1612 uprising which marked the end of the Polish occupation of Moscow.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "philosophy of science"
        ],
        "sentence": "Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prague Spring International Music Festival",
            "Prague",
            "Prague Spring"
        ],
        "sentence": "A music festival in the country is Prague Spring International Music Festival of classical music, a permanent showcase for performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles of the world.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "B\u00fcrgerbr\u00e4ukeller",
            "Munich"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 8 November 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people organised by Kahr in the B\u00fcrgerbr\u00e4ukeller, a beer hall in Munich."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Muscovy",
            "North Asia",
            "Eurasia",
            "Turkish Straits",
            "Black Sea",
            "Kerch Strait",
            "Sea of Azov",
            "Don",
            "Tanais",
            "Kalach-na-Donu",
            "Volga\u2013Don Canal",
            "continents",
            "Middle Ages",
            "Ptolemy",
            "Asia",
            "continent"
        ],
        "sentence": "The question of defining a precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of Muscovy began to include North Asia. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of Eurasia into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov and the Don (ancient Tanais). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at Kalach-na-Donu (where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the Volga\u2013Don Canal), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "event",
            "observer",
            "conformal structure",
            "symmetry",
            "space",
            "spacetime",
            "time",
            "geometry",
            "light"
        ],
        "sentence": "With Lorentz symmetry, additional structures come into play. They are defined by the set of light cones (see image). The light-cones define a causal structure: for each event A, there is a set of events that can, in principle, either influence or be influenced by A via signals or interactions that do not need to travel faster than light (such as event B in the image), and a set of events for which such an influence is impossible (such as event C in the image). These sets are observer-independent. In conjunction with the world-lines of freely falling particles, the light-cones can be used to reconstruct the spacetime's semi-Riemannian metric, at least up to a positive scalar factor. In mathematical terms, this defines a conformal structure or conformal geometry.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bound states",
            "energy",
            "bound"
        ],
        "sentence": "This is another example illustrating the discretization of energy for bound states.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Wild animal suffering",
            "suffering",
            "disease",
            "injury",
            "parasitism",
            "starvation",
            "malnutrition",
            "dehydration",
            "weather conditions",
            "natural disasters",
            "killings by other animals",
            "psychological stress",
            "Darwinian evolution",
            "reproductive strategies",
            "animals",
            "animal"
        ],
        "sentence": "Wild animal suffering is the suffering experienced by nonhuman animals living outside of direct human control, due to harms such as disease, injury, parasitism, starvation and malnutrition, dehydration, weather conditions, natural disasters, and killings by other animals, as well as psychological stress. Some estimates indicate that these individual animals make up the vast majority of animals in existence. An extensive amount of natural suffering has been described as an unavoidable consequence of Darwinian evolution and the pervasiveness of reproductive strategies which favor producing large numbers of offspring, with a low amount of parental care and of which only a small number survive to adulthood, the rest dying in painful ways, has led some to argue that suffering dominates happiness in nature.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "battleships"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although the Japanese concentrated on battleships (the largest vessels present), they did not ignore other targets."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kit Kittredge",
            "American Girl",
            "Valerie Tripp",
            "Walter Rane",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "A number of works for younger audiences are also set during the Great Depression, among them the Kit Kittredge series of American Girl books written by Valerie Tripp and illustrated by Walter Rane, released to tie in with the dolls and playsets sold by the company."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ryukyuan languages",
            "Amami",
            "Kunigami",
            "Okinawan",
            "Miyako",
            "Yaeyama",
            "Yonaguni",
            "Japonic language family",
            "Ryukyu Islands",
            "Okinawa",
            "Japanese",
            "Japonic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "IBM 5100",
            "IBM",
            "APL"
        ],
        "sentence": "IBM 5100 was a desktop computer introduced in September 1975, six years before the IBM PC. It was the evolution of SCAMP (Special Computer APL Machine Portable) that IBM demonstrated in 1973. In January 1978 IBM announced the IBM 5110, its larger cousin. The 5100 was withdrawn in March 1982.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "de",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "He felt that a severe decline in living standards in Germany as a result of the economic crisis could only be stopped by military aggression aimed at seizing Austria and Czechoslovakia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "SMS\u00a0Emden",
            "East Asia Squadron",
            "Asia",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "For example, the light cruiser SMS\u00a0Emden, which was part of the German East Asia Squadron stationed at Qingdao, seized or sank 15 merchantmen, as well as a Russian cruiser and a French destroyer."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "October Revolution",
            "Bolshevik",
            "Vladimir Lenin",
            "socialist state",
            "soviets",
            "Vladimir",
            "Provisional Government"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rule of the new authorities only aggravated the crisis in the country instead of resolving it, and eventually, the October Revolution, led by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and gave full governing power to the soviets, leading to the creation of the world's first socialist state."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Joanne Woodward",
            "Highland Avenue",
            "Olive Borden",
            "Ronald Colman",
            "Louise Fazenda",
            "Preston Foster",
            "Burt Lancaster",
            "Edward Sedgwick",
            "Ernest Torrence",
            "Stanley Kramer",
            "Hollywood Boulevard",
            "Hollywood"
        ],
        "sentence": "While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first person to receive a star on the Walk of Fame\u2014possibly because she was the first to be photographed with it\u2014the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. Woodward's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was holding up permanent construction. The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look. The other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence. Official groundbreaking took place on February 8, 1960. On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer's, was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Westminster Hall",
            "St Paul's Cathedral"
        ],
        "sentence": "His coffin lay in state at Westminster Hall for three days and the funeral ceremony was at St Paul's Cathedral on 30 January."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ian Kershaw",
            "racist ideology",
            "Untermenschen",
            "theatre",
            "civilians killed",
            "deadliest conflict in history",
            "genocide",
            "World War I",
            "about six million Jews and millions of other victims"
        ],
        "sentence": "The historian and biographer Ian Kershaw describes Hitler as \"the embodiment of modern political evil\". Under Hitler's leadership and racist ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims, whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3\u00a0million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7\u00a0million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "brown bear",
            "Balkan peninsula",
            "Pyrenees",
            "Russia",
            "Austria"
        ],
        "sentence": "Today, the brown bear lives primarily in the Balkan peninsula, Scandinavia and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gynoecium",
            "stigma",
            "ovary",
            "ovules",
            "placenta",
            "pollen",
            "carpel",
            "whorl",
            "ovule"
        ],
        "sentence": "The gynoecium, or the carpels, is the female part of the flower found on the innermost whorl. Each carpel consists of a stigma, which receives pollen, a style, which acts as a stalk, and an ovary, which contains the ovules. Carpels may occur in one to several whorls, and when fused together are often described as a pistil. Inside the ovary, the ovules are attached to the placenta by structures called funiculi.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "arrest"
        ],
        "sentence": "In May 1937, this was followed by the arrest of most members of the military Supreme Command and mass arrests throughout the military, often on fabricated charges."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of London"
        ],
        "sentence": "At a meeting on 29 July, the British cabinet had narrowly decided its obligations to Belgium under the 1839 Treaty of London did not require it to oppose a German invasion with military force."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "world lines",
            "spacetime"
        ],
        "sentence": "Consider the spacetime diagrams in Fig.\u00a04-7. A and B stand alongside a railroad track, when a high-speed train passes by, with C riding in the last car of the train and D riding in the leading car. The world lines of A and B are vertical (ct), distinguishing the stationary position of these observers on the ground, while the world lines of C and D are tilted forwards (ct\u2032), reflecting the rapid motion of the observers C and D stationary in their train, as observed from the ground.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greek mythology",
            "Europa",
            "Ancient Greek",
            "Phoenician",
            "Ancient Greek",
            "gen.",
            "epithet",
            "Proto-Indo-European religion",
            "Robert Beekes",
            "Europos",
            "ancient Macedonia",
            "art",
            "ancient Greece"
        ],
        "sentence": "In classical Greek mythology, Europa (Ancient Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7, Eur\u1e53p\u0113) was a Phoenician princess. One view is that her name derives from the Ancient Greek elements \u03b5\u1f50\u03c1\u03cd\u03c2 (eur\u00fas) 'wide, broad', and \u1f64\u03c8 (\u014dps, gen. \u1f60\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2, \u014dp\u00f3s) 'eye, face, countenance', hence their composite Eur\u1e53p\u0113 would mean 'wide-gazing' or 'broad of aspect'. Broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. An alternative view is that of Robert Beekes, who has argued in favour of a Pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from eurus would yield a different toponym than Europa. Beekes has located toponyms related to that of Europa in the territory of ancient Greece, and localities such as that of Europos in ancient Macedonia.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "gold marks"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the interim, the treaty required Germany to pay an equivalent of 20\u00a0billion gold marks ($5\u00a0billion) in gold, commodities, ships, securities or other forms."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "homogeneous society",
            "Japanese people",
            "cultural",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan is an ethnically and culturally homogeneous society, with the Japanese people forming 98.1% of the country's population."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Great Chinese Famine",
            "Great Leap Forward"
        ],
        "sentence": "In an effort to win favour with their superiors and avoid being purged, each layer in the party exaggerated the amount of grain produced under them. Based upon the falsely reported success, party cadres were ordered to requisition a disproportionately high amount of that fictitious harvest for state use, primarily for use in the cities and urban areas but also for export. The result, compounded in some areas by drought and in others by floods, was that farmers were left with little food for themselves and many millions starved to death in the Great Chinese Famine. The people of urban areas in China were given food stamps each month, but the people of rural areas were expected to grow their own crops and give some of the crops back to the government. The death count in rural parts of China surpassed the deaths in the urban centers. Additionally, the Chinese government continued to export food that could have been allocated to the country's starving citizens. The famine was a direct cause of the death of some 30 million Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962. Furthermore, many children who became malnourished during years of hardship died after the Great Leap Forward came to an end in 1962.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "worldwide economic decline after 2008"
        ],
        "sentence": "The worldwide economic decline after 2008 has been compared to the 1930s.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "horizons",
            "hoop conjecture",
            "Schwarzschild radius",
            "matter",
            "time",
            "global geometry",
            "space",
            "spacetime",
            "geometry",
            "light",
            "black holes",
            "mass"
        ],
        "sentence": "Using global geometry, some spacetimes can be shown to contain boundaries called horizons, which demarcate one region from the rest of spacetime. The best-known examples are black holes: if mass is compressed into a sufficiently compact region of space (as specified in the hoop conjecture, the relevant length scale is the Schwarzschild radius), no light from inside can escape to the outside. Since no object can overtake a light pulse, all interior matter is imprisoned as well. Passage from the exterior to the interior is still possible, showing that the boundary, the black hole's horizon, is not a physical barrier.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bridgeheads",
            "Cologne",
            "Coblenz",
            "Allied forces",
            "Rhine"
        ],
        "sentence": "To ensure compliance, the Rhineland and bridgeheads east of the Rhine were to be occupied by Allied troops for fifteen years.\nIf Germany had not committed aggression, a staged withdrawal would take place; after five years, the Cologne bridgehead and the territory north of a line along the Ruhr would be evacuated. After ten years, the bridgehead at Coblenz and the territories to the north would be evacuated and after fifteen years remaining Allied forces would be withdrawn.\nIf Germany reneged on the treaty obligations, the bridgeheads would be reoccupied immediately.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Robert William Davies",
            "pseudo-scientific",
            "Trofim Lysenko"
        ],
        "sentence": "Similarly, historian Robert William Davies viewed Stalin as being liable to fall under the sway of persuasive charlatans such as the pseudo-scientific, agronomist Trofim Lysenko due in part to his lack of education."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "civil rights movement"
        ],
        "sentence": "The civil rights movement emerged, with <a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allies",
            "indirect fire",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Germany was far ahead of the Allies in using heavy indirect fire."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "social sciences",
            "science",
            "sciences"
        ],
        "sentence": "Even so, mathematization of the social sciences is not without danger."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res",
            "Path\u00e9",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "Overall, from about 1910, American films had the largest share of the market in all European countries except France, and even in France, the American films had just pushed the local production out of first place on the eve of World War I. Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res expanded and significantly shaped the American film business, creating many \"firsts\" in the film industry, such as adding titles and subtitles to films for the first time, releasing scrolls for the first time, introducing film posters for the first time, producing color pictures for the first time, taking out commercial bills for the first time, contacting exhibitors and studying their needs for the first time. The world's largest film supplier, Path\u00e9, is limited to the U.S. market, which has reached a saturation level, so the U.S. seeks additional profits from foreign markets. Movies are defined as \"pure\" American phenomenon in the United States.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "European colonization",
            "North America"
        ],
        "sentence": "With the increased European colonization of North America, however, Native Americans were often displaced or killed during conflicts."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ring of Fire",
            "an archipelago",
            "14,125 islands",
            "Hokkaido",
            "Honshu",
            "Shikoku",
            "Kyushu",
            "Okinawa"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Volga",
            "longest river",
            "Volga Delta",
            "river delta",
            "western Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Volga in western Russia, widely regarded as Russia's national river, is the longest river in Europe; and forms the Volga Delta, the largest river delta in the continent."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mitsuo Fuchida"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Taiwan",
            "Communist forces",
            "Republic of China",
            "People's Republic of China"
        ],
        "sentence": "Communist forces were victorious and established the People's Republic of China on the mainland, while nationalist forces retreated to Taiwan in 1949."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "linear models",
            "algorithms",
            "nonlinear models",
            "neural networks",
            "generalized linear models",
            "multilevel models",
            "computers",
            "statistical models",
            "statistical model"
        ],
        "sentence": "The rapid and sustained increases in computing power starting from the second half of the 20th century have had a substantial impact on the practice of statistical science. Early statistical models were almost always from the class of linear models, but powerful computers, coupled with suitable numerical algorithms, caused an increased interest in nonlinear models (such as neural networks) as well as the creation of new types, such as generalized linear models and multilevel models.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "reparations"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was worded as such to lay a legal basis for reparations, and a similar clause was inserted in the treaties with Austria and Hungary."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treasury"
        ],
        "sentence": "It provided for a system of reopening sound banks under Treasury supervision, with federal loans available if needed."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "process control",
            "laboratory automation",
            "computers",
            "mainframe",
            "IBM",
            "computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 1960s and 1970s, more and more departments started to use cheaper and dedicated systems for specific purposes like process control and laboratory automation. A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller computers that was developed in the mid-1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Barrel-aged beer",
            "sour beer",
            "Brettanomyces",
            "Lactobacillus"
        ],
        "sentence": "Barrel-aged beer is aged in wood barrels; some brewers also apply the traditional technique of sour beer by adding additional cultures such as Brettanomyces or Lactobacillus.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Robot learning",
            "meta-learning",
            "supervised learning",
            "reinforcement learning"
        ],
        "sentence": "Robot learning is inspired by a multitude of machine learning methods, starting from supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and finally meta-learning (e.g. MAML).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Julie Parrish",
            "Paradise, Hawaiian Style",
            "Doc Pomus",
            "Mort Shuman",
            "Jerry Hopkins",
            "Rock-A-Hula Baby",
            "ballad",
            "rock and roll",
            "Dave Marsh",
            "Jordanaires",
            "Elvis",
            "blues",
            "music"
        ],
        "sentence": "Of Presley's films in the 1960s, fifteen were accompanied by soundtrack albums and another five by soundtrack EPs. The films' rapid production and release schedules\u2014Presley frequently starred in three a year\u2014affected his music. According to Jerry Leiber, the soundtrack formula was already evident before Presley left for the Army: \"three ballads, one medium-tempo [number], one up-tempo, and one break blues boogie\". As the decade wore on, the quality of the soundtrack songs grew \"progressively worse\". Julie Parrish, who appeared in Paradise, Hawaiian Style (1966), says that Presley disliked many of the songs chosen for his films. The Jordanaires' Gordon Stoker describes how he would retreat from the studio microphone: \"The material was so bad that he felt like he couldn't sing it.\" Most of the film albums featured a song or two from respected writers such as the team of Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman. But by and large, according to biographer Jerry Hopkins, the numbers seemed to be \"written on order by men who never really understood Elvis or rock and roll\". Regardless of the songs' quality, it has been argued that Presley generally sang them well, with commitment. Critic Dave Marsh heard the opposite: \"Presley isn't trying, probably the wisest course in the face of material like 'No Room to Rumba in a Sports Car' and 'Rock-A-Hula Baby'.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "non-linear",
            "linear superposition",
            "Fourier decomposed",
            "Einstein's equations",
            "strong",
            "event",
            "gravitational waves",
            "weak",
            "gravitation"
        ],
        "sentence": "The simplest type of such a wave can be visualized by its action on a ring of freely floating particles. A sine wave propagating through such a ring towards the reader distorts the ring in a characteristic, rhythmic fashion (animated image to the right). Since Einstein's equations are non-linear, arbitrarily strong gravitational waves do not obey linear superposition, making their description difficult. However, linear approximations of gravitational waves are sufficiently accurate to describe the exceedingly weak waves that are expected to arrive here on Earth from far-off cosmic events, which typically result in relative distances increasing and decreasing by \n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\u2212\n21\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 10^{-21}}\n\n or less. Data analysis methods routinely make use of the fact that these linearized waves can be Fourier decomposed.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "King Creole",
            "Hal Wallis",
            "Don't",
            "King Creole soundtrack",
            "Heartbreak Hotel"
        ],
        "sentence": "On December 20, Presley received his draft notice. He was granted a deferment to finish the forthcoming film King Creole, in which $350,000 had already been invested by Paramount and producer Hal Wallis. A couple of weeks into the new year, \"Don't\", another Leiber and Stoller tune, became Presley's tenth number-one seller. It had been only twenty-one months since \"Heartbreak Hotel\" had brought him to the top for the first time. Recording sessions for the King Creole soundtrack were held in Hollywood in mid-January 1958. Leiber and Stoller provided three songs and were again on hand, but it would be the last time Presley and the duo worked closely together. As Stoller later recalled, Presley's manager and entourage sought to wall him off: \"He was removed.\u00a0... They kept him separate.\" A brief soundtrack session on February 11 marked another ending\u2014it was the final occasion on which Black was to perform with Presley. He died in 1965.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "slow down",
            "contract",
            "luminiferous aether"
        ],
        "sentence": "This paper predicted that, when measured in the frame of a relatively moving observer, a clock carried by a moving body would appear to slow down, and the body itself would contract in its direction of motion. This paper also argued that the idea of a luminiferous aether\u2014one of the leading theoretical entities in physics at the time\u2014was superfluous.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mikl\u00f3s Horthy",
            "Otto Skorzeny",
            "Operation Panzerfaust",
            "Government of National Unity",
            "Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi",
            "Prime Minister of Hungary",
            "Hungarist",
            "Arrow Cross Party",
            "central Hungary",
            "Budapest",
            "Red Army",
            "Hungarian Jews",
            "Adolf Eichmann",
            "Budapest",
            "Red Army",
            "Hungary",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Relations between Germany and the regency of Mikl\u00f3s Horthy collapsed in 1944 when Horthy attempted to negotiate a peace agreement with the Soviets and jump out of the war without German approval. Horthy was forced to abdicate after German commandos, led by Colonel Otto Skorzeny, held his son hostage as part of Operation Panzerfaust. Hungary was reorganized following Horthy's abdication in December 1944 into a totalitarian regime called the Government of National Unity, led by Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi. He had been Prime Minister of Hungary since October 1944 and was leader of the Hungarist Arrow Cross Party. Its jurisdiction was effectively limited to an ever-narrowing band of territory in central Hungary, around Budapest since by the time they took power the Red Army was already far inside the country. Nonetheless, the Arrow Cross rule, short-lived as it was, was brutal. In fewer than three months, Arrow Cross death squads killed as many as 38,000 Hungarian Jews. Arrow Cross officers helped Adolf Eichmann re-activate the deportation proceedings from which the Jews of Budapest had thus far been spared, sending some 80,000 Jews out of the city on slave labour details and many more straight to death camps. Most of them died, including many who were murdered outright after the end of the fighting as they were returning home. Days after the Sz\u00e1lasi government took power, the capital of Budapest was surrounded by the Soviet Red Army. German and Hungarian forces tried to hold off the Soviet advance but failed. After fierce fighting, Budapest was taken by the Soviets. A number of pro-German Hungarians retreated to Italy and Germany, where they fought until the end of the war.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "zero-point energy",
            "atomic"
        ],
        "sentence": "Assuming the energy of rotating diatomic molecules contains zero-point energy, they then compared the theoretical specific heat of hydrogen gas with the experimental data."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Adolf Hitler",
            "came to power"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Special Operations Executive",
            "Commandos"
        ],
        "sentence": "In other initiatives through June and July 1940, Churchill ordered the formation of both the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Commandos."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Micral N",
            "Intel 8008",
            "Datapoint 2200",
            "x86",
            "architecture",
            "IBM PC",
            "kit",
            "microcomputer",
            "microprocessor",
            "Intel"
        ],
        "sentence": "Micral N was the earliest commercial, non-kit microcomputer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. It was built starting in 1972, and a few hundred units were sold. This had been preceded by the Datapoint 2200 in 1970, for which the Intel 8008 had been commissioned, though not accepted for use. The CPU design implemented in the Datapoint 2200 became the basis for x86 architecture used in the original IBM PC and its descendants.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Paris Peace Conference",
            "Treaty of Versailles",
            "Wilson's 14th point",
            "League of Nations",
            "Germany",
            "Central Powers",
            "peace"
        ],
        "sentence": "After the war, there grew a certain amount of academic focus on the causes of war and on the elements that could make peace flourish. In part, these led to the institutionalization of peace and conflict studies, security studies and International Relations (IR) in general. The Paris Peace Conference imposed a series of peace treaties on the Central Powers officially ending the war. The 1919 Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany and, building on Wilson's 14th point, brought into being the League of Nations on 28 June 1919.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "William Rowan Hamilton",
            "quaternions",
            "John T. Graves",
            "Arthur Cayley",
            "octonions",
            "normed algebras",
            "complex numbers",
            "rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space",
            "Euclid",
            "Cartesian",
            "Euclidean space",
            "coordinates",
            "metric",
            "algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 1840s William Rowan Hamilton developed the quaternions, and John T. Graves and Arthur Cayley the octonions. These are normed algebras which extend the complex numbers. Later it was understood that the quaternions are also a Euclidean geometric system with four real Cartesian coordinates. Cayley used quaternions to study rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban",
            "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix",
            "Goblet of Fire",
            "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince",
            "Order of the Phoenix",
            "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows",
            "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire",
            "Scholastic",
            "Bloomsbury",
            "Deathly Hallows",
            "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets",
            "Half-Blood Prince",
            "Chamber of Secrets",
            "Harry Potter"
        ],
        "sentence": "The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the series, at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was published on 16 July 2005. The seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was published on 21 July 2007. Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book (in fact, the epilogue) was completed \"in something like 1990\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "class war",
            "bourgeoisie"
        ],
        "sentence": "As a Marxist and an anti-capitalist, Stalin believed in an inevitable \"class war\" between the world's proletariat and bourgeoisie."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Arcadia Conference",
            "Europe first",
            "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
            "Combined Munitions Assignments Board",
            "ABDA",
            "Dutch",
            "Australian",
            "Allied Powers",
            "Declaration by United Nations",
            "United States",
            "Allied",
            "United Nations",
            "Axis powers",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "In late December 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met at the Arcadia Conference, which established a joint strategy between the U.S. and Britain.\nBoth agreed on a Europe first strategy that prioritized the defeat of Germany before Japan. The U.S. and Britain established the Combined Chiefs of Staff to coordinate military policy and the Combined Munitions Assignments Board to coordinate the allocation of supplies. An agreement was also reached to establish a centralized command in the Pacific theater called ABDA, named for the American, British, Dutch, and Australian forces in the theater. On January 1, 1942, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union, and twenty-two other countries (the Allied Powers) issued the Declaration by United Nations, in which each nation pledged to defeat the Axis powers.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere",
            "hegemony",
            "Japanese war crimes",
            "Japan",
            "Dutch East Indies",
            "Europe",
            "the Dutch East Indies",
            "war crimes",
            "left",
            "E",
            "Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, essentially a Japanese hegemony which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples. Although Japanese forces were sometimes welcomed as liberators from European domination, Japanese war crimes frequently turned local public opinion against them. During Japan's initial conquest, it captured 4,000,000 barrels (640,000\u00a0m) of oil (~550,000 tonnes) left behind by retreating Allied forces; and by 1943, was able to get production in the Dutch East Indies up to 50\u00a0million barrels (7,900,000\u00a0m) of oil (~6.8 million tonnes), 76 percent of its 1940 output rate.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Austro-Hungarian naval",
            "Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen",
            "Treaty of Trianon",
            "Gyula G\u00f6mb\u00f6s",
            "anti-Semitic",
            "First Vienna Award",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Carpathian Ruthenia",
            "Northern Transylvania",
            "Second Vienna Award",
            "invasion of Yugoslavia",
            "Yugoslavia",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "World War I",
            "Munich",
            "Hungary",
            "Mikl\u00f3s Horthy",
            "Romania",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Political instability plagued the country until Mikl\u00f3s Horthy, a Hungarian nobleman and Austro-Hungarian naval officer, became regent in 1920. The vast majority of the Hungarians desired to recover former territories of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen lost through the Treaty of Trianon. During the government of Gyula G\u00f6mb\u00f6s, Hungary drew closer to Germany and Italy largely because of a shared desire to revise the peace settlements made after World War I. Many people sympathized with the anti-Semitic policy of the Nazi regime. Hungary refused to participate in Nazi Germany's planned invasion of Czechoslovakia during the Sudenten Crisis, but after the Munich Agreement carried out a diplomatic rapprochement in order to avoid Germany developing too close of an alliance with Hungary's rival Romania. Due to its supportive stance towards Germany and the new efforts in the international policy, Hungary gained favourable territorial settlements by the First Vienna Award, after the breakup of Czechoslovakia occupied and annexed the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia and in 1940 received Northern Transylvania from Romania via the Second Vienna Award. Hungarians permitted German troops to transit through their territory during the invasion of Yugoslavia, and Hungarian forces joined the military operations after the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia. Parts of the former Yugoslavia were annexed to Hungary; the United Kingdom immediately broke off diplomatic relations in response.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Walter Duranty",
            "Ukraine famine",
            "Russian",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "As the Great Depression ground on and unemployment soared, intellectuals began unfavorably comparing their faltering capitalist economy to Russian Communism [...] More than ten years after the Revolution, Communism was finally reaching full flower, according to New York Times reporter Walter Duranty, a Stalin fan who vigorously debunked accounts of the Ukraine famine, a man-made disaster that would leave millions dead."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allied powers",
            "military intervention",
            "Red Terror",
            "White Terror",
            "White \u00e9migr\u00e9s",
            "Russian famine of 1921\u20131922",
            "Bolshevik",
            "White movement",
            "anti-communist",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Allied powers launched an unsuccessful military intervention in support of anti-communist forces. In the meantime, both the Bolsheviks and White movement carried out campaigns of deportations and executions against each other, known respectively as the Red Terror and White Terror. By the end of the violent civil war, Russia's economy and infrastructure were heavily damaged, and as many as 10 million perished during the war, mostly civilians. Millions became White \u00e9migr\u00e9s, and the Russian famine of 1921\u20131922 claimed up to five\u00a0million victims.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "East Prussia",
            "plebiscite",
            "Soldau area",
            "Warsaw",
            "Danzig",
            "Poland"
        ],
        "sentence": "The sovereignty of part of southern East Prussia was to be decided via plebiscite while the East Prussian Soldau area, which was astride the rail line between Warsaw and Danzig, was transferred to Poland outright without plebiscite."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World Tourism Organization",
            "Federal Agency for Tourism"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to the World Tourism Organization, Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits. According to Federal Agency for Tourism, the number of inbound trips of foreign citizens to Russia amounted to 24.4 million in 2019. Russia's international tourism receipts in 2018 amounted to $11.6 billion. In 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about 4.8% of country's total GDP.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences",
            "Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1921",
            "Nobel Prize in Physics",
            "S. N. Bose",
            "Planck spectrum",
            "American Academy of Arts and Sciences",
            "Royal Society",
            "Copley Medal",
            "American Philosophical Society",
            "theory of relativity",
            "general theory of relativity",
            "photoelectric effect"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1920, and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1921. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". At this point some physicists still regarded the general theory of relativity sceptically, and the Nobel citation displayed a degree of doubt even about the work on photoelectricity that it acknowledged: it did not assent to Einstein's notion of the particulate nature of light, which only won over the entire scientific community when S. N. Bose derived the Planck spectrum in 1924. That same year, Einstein was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Britain's closest equivalent of the Nobel award, the Royal Society's  Copley Medal, was not hung around Einstein's neck until 1925. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1930.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Vichy",
            "French Indochina"
        ],
        "sentence": "French Indochina, including Laos, had been occupied by the Japanese in 1941, though government by the Vichy French colonial officials had continued."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "English",
            "Spanish"
        ],
        "sentence": "More than 800 publications are produced in Spanish, the second most commonly used language in the United States behind English."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World War II",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "The common view among economic historians is that the Great Depression ended with the advent of World War II."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "eleventh most populous country",
            "most densely populated",
            "the country's terrain",
            "highly urbanized population",
            "coastal plains",
            "47 administrative prefectures",
            "eight traditional regions",
            "Greater Tokyo Area",
            "most populous metropolitan area",
            "highest life expectancy",
            "a population decline",
            "Tokyo"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan is the eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its highly urbanized population on narrow coastal plains. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. Japan has the world's highest life expectancy, though it is experiencing a population decline.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allied Powers",
            "Declaration by United Nations",
            "United States",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Axis powers",
            "United Nations",
            "Allied"
        ],
        "sentence": "On January 1, 1942, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union, and twenty-two other countries (the Allied Powers) issued the Declaration by United Nations, in which each nation pledged to defeat the Axis powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "diabetes",
            "dental",
            "heart disease",
            "epilepsy",
            "cancer",
            "hypothyroidism",
            "arthritis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "central processing unit",
            "MOS integrated circuit",
            "microprocessor",
            "integrated circuit",
            "control unit",
            "register"
        ],
        "sentence": "The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components. Since the 1970s, CPUs have typically been constructed on a single MOS integrated circuit chip called a microprocessor.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Statistical consultants"
        ],
        "sentence": "Statistical consultants can help organizations and companies that do not have in-house expertise relevant to their particular questions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "quantum logic gates",
            "classical logic gates",
            "matrix",
            "matrix multiplication",
            "qubit",
            "vector",
            "ion",
            "bit",
            "quantum state vector"
        ],
        "sentence": "The state of this one-qubit quantum memory can be manipulated by applying quantum logic gates, analogous to how classical memory can be manipulated with classical logic gates. One important gate for both classical and quantum computation is the NOT gate, which can be represented by a matrix\n\n\n\n\nX\n:=\n\n\n(\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n)\n\n\n.\n\n\n{\\displaystyle X:={\\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\\\1&0\\end{pmatrix}}.}\n\n\nMathematically, the application of such a logic gate to a quantum state vector is modelled with matrix multiplication. Thus\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "climate change adaptation",
            "maintains",
            "sixth-largest fishing industry",
            "beluga",
            "sixth-largest",
            "Russian",
            "Siberia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Various analysts of climate change adaptation foresee large opportunities for Russian agriculture during the rest of the 21st century as arability increases in Siberia, which would lead to both internal and external migration to the region. Owing to its large coastline along three oceans and twelve marginal seas, Russia maintains the world's sixth-largest fishing industry; capturing nearly 5 million tons of fish in 2018. It is home to the world's finest caviar, the beluga; and produces about one-third of all canned fish, and some one-fourth of the world's total fresh and frozen fish.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "federal",
            "U.S."
        ],
        "sentence": "American Indians are U.S. citizens and tribal lands are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress and the federal courts."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Yenangyaung",
            "Japan",
            "British",
            "Burma"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hirohito"
        ],
        "sentence": "In his declaration's fifth paragraph, Hirohito solely mentions the duration of the conflict; and did not explicitly mention the Soviets as a factor for surrender:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "reduce their prison populations",
            "policies",
            "states",
            "state"
        ],
        "sentence": "Various states have attempted to reduce their prison populations via government policies and grassroots initiatives."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "North Caucasus",
            "Islamist"
        ],
        "sentence": "The 1990s were plagued by armed conflicts in the North Caucasus, both local ethnic skirmishes and separatist Islamist insurrections."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bachelor's degree",
            "high school"
        ],
        "sentence": "Of Americans 25 and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "module homomorphisms",
            "free modules",
            "finitely generated modules",
            "determinants",
            "commutative",
            "invertible",
            "multiplicative inverse",
            "set",
            "matrices",
            "map",
            "linear maps",
            "similar",
            "matrix",
            "vector spaces",
            "field",
            "basis",
            "span",
            "ring"
        ],
        "sentence": "The concepts of linear independence, span, basis, and linear maps (also called module homomorphisms) are defined for modules exactly as for vector spaces, with the essential difference that, if R is not a field, there are modules that do not have any basis. The modules that have a basis are the free modules, and those that are spanned by a finite set are the finitely generated modules. Module homomorphisms between finitely generated free modules may be represented by matrices. The theory of matrices over a ring is similar to that of matrices over a field, except that determinants exist only if the ring is commutative, and that a square matrix over a commutative ring is invertible only if its determinant has a multiplicative inverse in the ring.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Port Moresby",
            "overland campaign",
            "Territory of Papua",
            "Japan",
            "capture Port Moresby"
        ],
        "sentence": "With its capacity for aggressive action greatly diminished as a result of the Midway battle, Japan chose to focus on a belated attempt to capture Port Moresby by an overland campaign in the Territory of Papua."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "plebiscite"
        ],
        "sentence": "The plebiscites initiated due to the treaty have drawn much comment."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Napoleonic Wars",
            "parliamentary democracy",
            "Republic",
            "Monarchy",
            "constitutional",
            "government",
            "parliament"
        ],
        "sentence": "The political map of Europe is substantially derived from the re-organisation of Europe following the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. The prevalent form of government in Europe is parliamentary democracy, in most cases in the form of Republic; in 1815, the prevalent form of government was still the Monarchy. Europe's remaining eleven monarchies are constitutional.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Munich Agreement",
            "Poles",
            "Munich"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Poles fully annexed them following the Munich Agreement."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pew Forum"
        ],
        "sentence": "Religion in Europe according to the Global Religious Landscape survey by the Pew Forum, 2016\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Memel"
        ],
        "sentence": "Memel was to be ceded to the Allied and Associated powers, for disposal according to their wishes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Strabo",
            "River Don"
        ],
        "sentence": "Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer Strabo at the River Don."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "State Political Directorate",
            "Felix Dzerzhinsky",
            "Genrikh Yagoda",
            "Vyacheslav Menzhinsky",
            "Cheka"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin also developed close relations with the trio at the heart of the secret police (first the Cheka and then its replacement, the State Political Directorate): Felix Dzerzhinsky, Genrikh Yagoda, and Vyacheslav Menzhinsky."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "indigenous",
            "Tunguses",
            "Ostyak",
            "Kureika"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Kureika, Stalin lived among the indigenous Tunguses and Ostyak peoples, and spent much of his time fishing.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Capitol Records",
            "Vee-Jay",
            "Introducing... The Beatles",
            "Swan",
            "Tidewater area",
            "WGH",
            "American Bandstand",
            "Please Please Me",
            "Parlophone",
            "EMI",
            "She Loves You",
            "singles",
            "The Beatles"
        ],
        "sentence": "EMI's American subsidiary, Capitol Records, hindered the Beatles' releases in the United States for more than a year by initially declining to issue their music, including their first three singles. Concurrent negotiations with the independent US label Vee-Jay led to the release of some, but not all, of the songs in 1963. Vee-Jay finished preparation for the album Introducing... The Beatles, comprising most of the songs of Parlophone's Please Please Me, but a management shake-up led to the album not being released. After it emerged that the label did not report royalties on their sales, the licence that Vee-Jay had signed with EMI was voided. A new licence was granted to the Swan label for the single \"She Loves You\". The record received some airplay in the Tidewater area of Virginia from Gene Loving of radio station WGH and was featured on the \"Rate-a-Record\" segment of American Bandstand, but it failed to catch on nationally.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bernadotte Everly Schmitt",
            "League of Nations",
            "government",
            "German",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the formulation of the treaty, the British wanted Germany to abolish conscription but be allowed to maintain a volunteer Army. The French wanted Germany to maintain a conscript army of up to 200,000 men in order to justify their own maintenance of a similar force. Thus the treaty's allowance of 100,000 volunteers was a compromise between the British and French positions. Germany, on the other hand, saw the terms as leaving them defenseless against any potential enemy.\nBernadotte Everly Schmitt wrote that \"there is no reason to believe that the Allied governments were insincere when they stated at the beginning of Part V of the Treaty ... that in order to facilitate a general reduction of the armament of all nations, Germany was to be required to disarm first.\" A lack of American ratification of the treaty or joining the League of Nations left France unwilling to disarm, which resulted in a German desire to rearm. Schmitt argued \"had the four Allies remained united, they could have forced Germany really to disarm, and the German will and capacity to resist other provisions of the treaty would have correspondingly diminished.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Victory Day",
            "End of World War II in Europe",
            "large parade",
            "Immortal Regiment",
            "World War II",
            "Nazi Germany",
            "Red Square"
        ],
        "sentence": "Victory Day, which honours Soviet victory over Nazi Germany and the End of World War II in Europe, is celebrated as an annual large parade in Moscow's Red Square; and marks the famous Immortal Regiment civil event."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "public works",
            "farm subsidies",
            "World War II",
            "Keynesian",
            "U.S. economy",
            "World War I"
        ],
        "sentence": "As the Depression wore on, Franklin D. Roosevelt tried public works, farm subsidies, and other devices to restart the U.S. economy, but never completely gave up trying to balance the budget. According to the Keynesians, this improved the economy, but Roosevelt never spent enough to bring the economy out of recession until the start of World War II.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Baku",
            "Bolshevik"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin formed a Bolshevik Battle Squad which he used to try to keep Baku's warring ethnic factions apart; he also used the unrest as a cover for stealing printing equipment."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "Chiang Kai-shek",
            "in Cairo",
            "in Tehran",
            "Winston Churchill"
        ],
        "sentence": "In November 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met with Chiang Kai-shek in Cairo and then with Joseph Stalin in Tehran."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "I much regret it, and hope even now that some way may be found of securing agreement for demanding reparation commensurate with the tremendous sacrifices made by the British Empire and her Allies.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Salvador Dal\u00ed",
            "Pepper"
        ],
        "sentence": "Compared with Paul's songs, all of which seemed to keep in some sort of touch with reality, John's had a psychedelic, almost mystical quality\u00a0... John's imagery is one of the best things about his work\u00a0\u2013 'tangerine trees', 'marmalade skies', 'cellophane flowers' ...\u00a0I always saw him as an aural Salvador Dal\u00ed, rather than some drug-ridden record artist. On the other hand, I would be stupid to pretend that drugs didn't figure quite heavily in the Beatles' lives at that time\u00a0... they knew that I, in my schoolmasterly role, didn't approve\u00a0... Not only was I not into it myself, I couldn't see the need for it; and there's no doubt that, if I too had been on dope, Pepper would never have been the album it was. Perhaps it was the combination of dope and no dope that worked, who knows?"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Italian Socialist Party",
            "general strike",
            "Red Week",
            "Italian"
        ],
        "sentence": "However, the Italian Socialist Party decided to oppose the war after anti-militarist protestors were killed, resulting in a general strike called Red Week."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United Kingdom",
            "France",
            "Netherlands",
            "Belgium",
            "Italy",
            "Vatican City",
            "Genr\u014d",
            "Yamagata Aritomo",
            "Saionji Kinmochi"
        ],
        "sentence": "From 3 March to 3 September 1921 (Taisho 10), the Crown Prince made official visits to the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Vatican City. This was the first visit to Western Europe by the Crown Prince. Despite strong opposition in Japan, this was realized by the efforts of elder Japanese statesmen (Genr\u014d) such as Yamagata Aritomo and Saionji Kinmochi.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "electronic circuits",
            "deep learning processors",
            "Huawei",
            "cloud computing",
            "tensor processing units",
            "Google Cloud Platform",
            "Cerebras Systems",
            "Google",
            "algorithms"
        ],
        "sentence": "Special electronic circuits called deep learning processors were designed to speed up deep learning algorithms. Deep learning processors include neural processing units (NPUs) in Huawei cellphones and cloud computing servers such as tensor processing units (TPU) in the Google Cloud Platform. Cerebras Systems has also built a dedicated system to handle large deep learning models, the CS-2, based on the largest processor in the industry, the second-generation Wafer Scale Engine (WSE-2).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Manchester",
            "London"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1990, Rowling was on a crowded train from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry suddenly \"fell into\" her head. Rowling gives an account of the experience on her website saying:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "antisymmetric tensor",
            "relativistic angular momentum",
            "angular momentum",
            "antisymmetric tensor",
            "proper time",
            "momentum",
            "mass",
            "tensor"
        ],
        "sentence": "An example of a four-dimensional second order antisymmetric tensor is the relativistic angular momentum, which has six components: three are the classical angular momentum, and the other three are related to the boost of the center of mass of the system. The derivative of the relativistic angular momentum with respect to proper time is the relativistic torque, also second order antisymmetric tensor.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement",
            "Soviet offensive coordinated with D-Day",
            "Risto Ryti",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "The relationship between Finland and Germany was also affected by the Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement, which was presented as a German condition for help with munitions and air support, as the Soviet offensive coordinated with D-Day threatened Finland with complete occupation. The agreement, signed by President Risto Ryti but never ratified by the Finnish Parliament, bound Finland not to seek a separate peace.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "special relativity",
            "Lorentz transformations",
            "electromagnetism",
            "photoelectric effect"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the same year as his paper on the photoelectric effect, Einstein published his theory of special relativity, built on Maxwell's electromagnetism. New rules, called Lorentz transformations, were given for the way time and space coordinates of an event change under changes in the observer's velocity, and the distinction between time and space was blurred. It was proposed that all physical laws must be the same for observers at different velocities, i.e. that physical laws be invariant under Lorentz transformations.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy",
            "Germany invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia",
            "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia",
            "client state",
            "Slovak Republic",
            "ultimatum to Lithuania",
            "Klaip\u0117da Region",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although all of Germany's stated demands had been satisfied by the agreement, privately Hitler was furious that British interference had prevented him from seizing all of Czechoslovakia in one operation. In subsequent speeches Hitler attacked British and Jewish \"war-mongers\" and in January 1939 secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy to challenge British naval supremacy. In March 1939, Germany invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia and subsequently split it into the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and a pro-German client state, the Slovak Republic. Hitler also delivered an ultimatum to Lithuania on 20 March 1939, forcing the concession of the Klaip\u0117da Region, formerly the German Memelland.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "kettle",
            "hops",
            "precipitate",
            "isomerize",
            "resins",
            "sterilize",
            "aroma",
            "bitterness",
            "wort",
            "boiling",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "The wort is moved into a large tank known as a \"copper\" or kettle where it is boiled with hops and sometimes other ingredients such as herbs or sugars. This stage is where many chemical reactions take place, and where important decisions about the flavour, colour, and aroma of the beer are made. The boiling process serves to terminate enzymatic processes, precipitate proteins, isomerize hop resins, and concentrate and sterilize the wort. Hops add flavour, aroma and bitterness to the beer. At the end of the boil, the hopped wort settles to clarify in a vessel called a \"whirlpool\", where the more solid particles in the wort are separated out.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Apollo Theater",
            "Michael Jackson: Live at the Apollo"
        ],
        "sentence": "On April 24, 2002, Jackson performed at Apollo Theater. The concert was a fundraiser for the Democratic National Committee and former President Bill Clinton. The money collected would be used to encourage citizens to vote. It raised $2.5\u00a0million. The concert was called Michael Jackson: Live at the Apollo and was one of Jackson's final on-stage performances.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Golden Age of Hollywood",
            "landmark 1948 court decision",
            "movie stars",
            "Golden Age",
            "theater",
            "Hollywood",
            "movie studio"
        ],
        "sentence": "The period between the years 1927 (the effective end of the silent era) to 1948 is considered the age of the \"Hollywood studio system\", or the Golden Age of Hollywood.  In a landmark 1948 court decision, the Supreme Court ruled that movie studios could not own theaters and play only the movies of their studio and movie stars; thus an era of Hollywood history ended.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States launched a protest, and Germany changed its rules of engagement."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "another Soviet strategic offensive",
            "Soviet",
            "Ukraine",
            "Poland",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Soon after that, another Soviet strategic offensive forced German troops from Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jewish question",
            "Gemlich letter",
            "Jewish",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler made his earliest known written statement about the Jewish question in a 16 September 1919 letter to Adolf Gemlich (now known as the Gemlich letter)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "enforced",
            "sheriff"
        ],
        "sentence": "Law in the United States is mainly enforced by local police departments and sheriff's offices in their municipal or county jurisdictions."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Platonism",
            "Plato",
            "mathematical objects",
            "philosophical"
        ],
        "sentence": "As a result, the philosophical view that mathematical objects somehow exist on their own in abstraction is often referred to as Platonism."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kaunas",
            "Przasnysz",
            "Germans",
            "First",
            "surrendered",
            "First Battle of the Marne",
            "Allies",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "When the besieged garrison of Kaunas surrendered in 1915, some 20,000 Russians became prisoners, at the battle near Przasnysz (February\u2013March 1915) 14,000 Germans surrendered to Russians, and at the First Battle of the Marne about 12,000 Germans surrendered to the Allies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "four color theorem",
            "optimal sphere packing"
        ],
        "sentence": "The four color theorem and optimal sphere packing were two major problems of discrete mathematics solved in the second half of the 20th century."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Government of National Unity",
            "Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi",
            "Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hungary was reorganized following Horthy's abdication in December 1944 into a totalitarian regime called the Government of National Unity, led by Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World Wide Web",
            "Ethernet",
            "ADSL",
            "computer network",
            "information",
            "operating system",
            "computing",
            "Internet",
            "personal computers",
            "peripheral",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer. Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. \"Wireless\" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Albania",
            "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
            "Balkan peninsula",
            "Islam",
            "Christianity",
            "Southeastern Europe",
            "countries"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina, two countries in the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rearmament",
            "Luftwaffe",
            "Anglo-German Naval Agreement",
            "Royal Navy",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In March 1935, Germany reintroduced conscription followed by an open rearmament programme and the official unveiling of the Luftwaffe (air force), and signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement that allowed a surface fleet 35% of the size of the Royal Navy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "linear combinations",
            "set"
        ],
        "sentence": "Another important way of forming a subspace is to consider linear combinations of a set S of vectors: the set of all sums \n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Age of Enlightenment",
            "Mikhail Lomonosov",
            "Denis Fonvizin",
            "Gavrila Derzhavin",
            "Nikolay Karamzin",
            "literature"
        ],
        "sentence": "By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, with works from Mikhail Lomonosov, Denis Fonvizin, Gavrila Derzhavin, and Nikolay Karamzin."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deep learning",
            "Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko",
            "Group Method of Data Handling",
            "deep learning",
            "stochastic gradient descent",
            "Shun'ichi Amari",
            "internal representations"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first deep learning MLP was published by Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko and Valentin Lapa in 1965, as the Group Method of Data Handling. \nThe first deep learning MLP trained by stochastic gradient descent was published in 1967 by Shun'ichi Amari.\nIn computer experiments conducted by Amari's student Saito, a five layer MLP with two modifiable layers learned useful internal representations to classify non-linearily separable pattern classes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Alfred Kleiner",
            "University of Zurich"
        ],
        "sentence": "Titled \"Eine neue Bestimmung der Molek\u00fcldimensionen\" (\"A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions\") and dedicated to his friend Marcel Grossman, it was completed on 30 April 1905 and approved by Professor Alfred Kleiner of the University of Zurich three months later."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "conventional wisdom",
            "International Christian University"
        ],
        "sentence": "For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without first formally breaking diplomatic relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington. In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, \"[O]ur deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success.\" Of this, Iguchi said, \"The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations\u00a0... and they clearly prevailed.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau",
            "Versailles"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 29 April, the German delegation under the leadership of the Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau arrived in Versailles."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Del Rey",
            "The New Jedi Order",
            "Legacy of the Force",
            "Jacen Solo",
            "Sith",
            "Ben Solo",
            "Leia",
            "Mara Jade",
            "the Force",
            "Jedi",
            "Solo",
            "Rey"
        ],
        "sentence": "Del Rey took over Star Wars book publishing in 1999, releasing what would become a 19-installment novel series called The New Jedi Order (1999\u20132003). Written by multiple authors, the series was set 25 to 30 years after the original films and introduced the Yuuzhan Vong, a powerful alien race attempting to invade and conquer the entire galaxy. The bestselling multi-author series Legacy of the Force (2006\u20132008) chronicles the crossover of Han and Leia's son Jacen Solo to the dark side of the Force; among his evil deeds, he kills Luke's wife Mara Jade as a sacrifice to join the Sith. Although no longer canon, the story is paralleled in The Force Awakens with Han and Leia's son Ben Solo, who becomes the evil Kylo Ren.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein bequeathed his personal archives, library, and intellectual assets to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "counter-offensives",
            "Italian East Africa",
            "British",
            "British Empire",
            "East Africa",
            "counter-offensive"
        ],
        "sentence": "In December 1940, British Empire forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United Kingdom's Southeast Asian colonies",
            "United Kingdom",
            "Singapore",
            "Southeast Asia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Because the Japanese high command was (mistakenly) certain any attack on the United Kingdom's Southeast Asian colonies, including Singapore, would bring the US into the war, a devastating preventive strike appeared to be the only way to prevent American naval interference."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "random sampling",
            "experiments"
        ],
        "sentence": "Statisticians generate data with random sampling or randomized experiments."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Roscosmos",
            "space technology",
            "space exploration",
            "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky",
            "astronautics",
            "Sergey Korolyov",
            "Valentin Glushko",
            "Soviet space program",
            "Space Race"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roscosmos is Russia's national space agency. The country's achievements in the field of space technology and space exploration can be traced back to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the father of theoretical astronautics, whose works had inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers, such as Sergey Korolyov, Valentin Glushko, and many others who contributed to the success of the Soviet space program in the early stages of the Space Race and beyond.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Achinsk"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin was required to serve four more months of his exile, and he successfully requested that he serve it in nearby Achinsk."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "charged",
            "electromagnetic field",
            "hydrogen atom",
            "electric field",
            "Coulomb potential",
            "photons",
            "charged particles",
            "theory",
            "atom",
            "photon",
            "quantum field theory",
            "particles"
        ],
        "sentence": "The full apparatus of quantum field theory is often unnecessary for describing electrodynamic systems. A simpler approach, one that has been used since the inception of quantum mechanics, is to treat charged particles as quantum mechanical objects being acted on by a classical electromagnetic field. For example, the elementary quantum model of the hydrogen atom describes the electric field of the hydrogen atom using a classical \n\n\n\n\n\u2212\n\ne\n\n2\n\n\n\n/\n\n(\n4\n\u03c0\n\n\u03f5\n\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\nr\n)\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\textstyle -e^{2}/(4\\pi \\epsilon _{_{0}}r)}\n\n Coulomb potential. This \"semi-classical\" approach fails if quantum fluctuations in the electromagnetic field play an important role, such as in the emission of photons by charged particles.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Slovak troops joined the German invasion of Poland",
            "Spi\u0161",
            "Orava",
            "invasion of Poland",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Slovak troops joined the German invasion of Poland, having interest in Spi\u0161 and Orava."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "low-key lighting",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "New film techniques that were introduced in this period include the use of artificial lighting, fire effects and low-key lighting (i.e. lighting in which most of the frame is dark) for enhanced atmosphere during sinister scenes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Reichstag",
            "Nazi Party"
        ],
        "sentence": "By November 1932, the Nazi Party held the most seats in the Reichstag but did not have a majority."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "First Vienna Award",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Carpathian Ruthenia",
            "Northern Transylvania",
            "Second Vienna Award",
            "Hungary",
            "Romania"
        ],
        "sentence": "Due to its supportive stance towards Germany and the new efforts in the international policy, Hungary gained favourable territorial settlements by the First Vienna Award, after the breakup of Czechoslovakia occupied and annexed the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia and in 1940 received Northern Transylvania from Romania via the Second Vienna Award."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "\u010cesk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "\u010cesk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy (the Czech Railways) is the main railway operator in the country, with about 180\u00a0million passengers carried yearly. Maximum speed is limited to 160\u00a0km/h (99\u00a0mph).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kuntsevo Dacha"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 1 March 1953, Stalin's staff found him semi-conscious on the bedroom floor of his Kuntsevo Dacha."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "activation function",
            "weight"
        ],
        "sentence": "To find the output of the neuron we take the weighted sum of all the inputs, weighted by the weights of the connections from the inputs to the neuron. We add a bias term to this sum. This weighted sum is sometimes called the activation. This weighted sum is then passed through a (usually nonlinear) activation function to produce the output. The initial inputs are external data, such as images and documents. The ultimate outputs accomplish the task, such as recognizing an object in an image.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "David DiVincenzo",
            "these requirements",
            "computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "There are a number of technical challenges in building a large-scale quantum computer. Physicist David DiVincenzo has listed these requirements for a practical quantum computer:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rocky Mountains",
            "Colorado",
            "Great Plains"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Rocky Mountains, west of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, peaking at over 14,000 feet (4,300\u00a0m) in Colorado."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Aliyah",
            "Palestine"
        ],
        "sentence": "He felt that the waves of arriving Jews of the Aliyah could live alongside existing Arabs in Palestine."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "First World War",
            "French",
            "Italian",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the start of the First World War, French and Italian cinema had been the most globally popular. The war came as a devastating interruption to European film industries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "forest"
        ],
        "sentence": "Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ancient Egyptian",
            "Vedic",
            "Chinese remainder theorem",
            "Sunzi Suanjing",
            "\u0100ryabha\u1e6da",
            "Ku\u1e6d\u1e6daka",
            "below",
            "Egypt",
            "arithmetic",
            "algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "We know of no clearly arithmetical material in ancient Egyptian or Vedic sources, though there is some algebra in each. The Chinese remainder theorem appears as an exercise in Sunzi Suanjing (3rd, 4th or 5th century CE). (There is one important step glossed over in Sunzi's solution: it is the problem that was later solved by \u0100ryabha\u1e6da's Ku\u1e6d\u1e6daka \u2013 see below.)\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sendai Nuclear Power Plant",
            "nuclear power"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant restarted in 2015, and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French Indochina",
            "invasions of Thailand",
            "Malaya",
            "the Dutch East Indies",
            "Thailand",
            "Dutch East Indies"
        ],
        "sentence": "French Indochina was the base for the Japanese invasions of Thailand, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "carnivoran",
            "feral"
        ],
        "sentence": "The dog is probably the most widely abundant large carnivoran living in the human environment.\nIn 2013, the estimated global dog population was between 700 million and 987 million. About 20% of dogs live as pets in developed countries. In the developing world, dogs are typically feral or communally owned, with pet dogs uncommon. Most of these dogs live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers is to run away (52%) or respond aggressively (11%). Little is known about these dogs, or the dogs in developed countries that are feral, strays, or are in shelters because the great majority of modern research on dog cognition has focused on pet dogs living in human homes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Salonica",
            "Greece",
            "Central Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "In late 1915, a Franco-British force landed at Salonica in Greece to offer assistance and to pressure its government to declare war against the Central Powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "lemma",
            "prove"
        ],
        "sentence": "A specialized theorem that is mainly used to prove another theorem is called a lemma."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Shan States",
            "Kayah State",
            "Malaya",
            "Thailand",
            "Shan State"
        ],
        "sentence": "The area containing the Shan States and Kayah State was annexed by Thailand in 1942, and four northern states of Malaya were also transferred to Thailand by Japan as a reward for Thai co-operation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "beer stein",
            "pewter",
            "tankard",
            "music festivals",
            "ale"
        ],
        "sentence": "Beer is consumed out of a variety of vessels, such as a glass, a beer stein, a mug, a pewter tankard, a beer bottle or a can; or at music festivals and some bars and nightclubs, from a plastic cup. The shape of the glass from which beer is consumed can influence the perception of the beer and can define and accent the character of the style. Breweries offer branded glassware intended only for their own beers as a marketing promotion, as this increases sales of their product.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Luigi Cadorna",
            "a series of frontal assaults along the Isonzo"
        ],
        "sentence": "Between 1915 and 1917, the Italian commander, Luigi Cadorna, undertook a series of frontal assaults along the Isonzo which made little progress and cost many lives; by the end of the war, total Italian combat deaths totalled around 548,000."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "conventional war",
            "international condemnation",
            "expanded sanctions",
            "World War\u00a0I"
        ],
        "sentence": "The invasion marked the largest conventional war in Europe since World War\u00a0II, and was met with international condemnation, as well as expanded sanctions against Russia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the Italian mainland",
            "France",
            "British",
            "Balkans"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943, the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland and to invade France in 1944."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Quincy Jones",
            "Sony",
            "royalty",
            "Bad",
            "Off the Wall",
            "Thriller"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following the surge in sales, in March 2010, Sony Music signed a $250\u00a0million deal (equivalent to $340\u00a0million in 2022) with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to Jackson's back catalog until at least 2017; it had been due to expire in 2015. It was the most expensive music contract for a single artist in history. They agreed to release ten albums of previously unreleased material and new collections of released work. The deal was extended in 2017. That July, a Los Angeles court awarded Quincy Jones $9.4\u00a0million of disputed royalty payments for Off the Wall, Thriller, and Bad. In July 2018, Sony/ATV bought the estate's stake in EMI for $287.5\u00a0million.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States is a major market for Japanese exports and a major source of Japanese imports, and is committed to defending the country, with military bases in Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Herbert Hoover"
        ],
        "sentence": "U.S. President Herbert Hoover called for a moratorium on payment of war reparations."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Brownian motion",
            "special theory of relativity",
            "classical mechanics",
            "electromagnetic field",
            "photoelectric effect",
            "theory of relativity"
        ],
        "sentence": "These outlined a theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced his special theory of relativity\u2014a theory which addressed the inability of classical mechanics to account satisfactorily for the behavior of the electromagnetic field\u2014and demonstrated that if the special theory is correct, mass and energy are equivalent to each other."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "one in 1916",
            "one in 1917",
            "labour movement",
            "1916 Australian Labor Party split",
            "National Labor Party",
            "Nationalist Party",
            "1917 federal election",
            "1911"
        ],
        "sentence": "Australia had a form of conscription at the outbreak of the war, as compulsory military training had been introduced in 1911. However, the Defence Act 1903 provided that unexempted males could be called upon only for home defence during times of war, not overseas service. Prime Minister Billy Hughes wished to amend the legislation to require conscripts to serve overseas, and held two non-binding referendums \u2013 one in 1916 and one in 1917 \u2013 in order to secure public support. Both were defeated by narrow margins, with farmers, the labour movement, the Catholic Church, and Irish-Australians combining to campaign for the \"No\" vote. The issue of conscription caused the 1916 Australian Labor Party split. Hughes and his supporters were expelled from the party, forming the National Labor Party and then the Nationalist Party. Despite the referendum results, the Nationalists won a landslide victory at the 1917 federal election.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Proclus",
            "infinite",
            "proof by contradiction"
        ],
        "sentence": "Later ancient commentators, such as Proclus (410\u2013485 CE), treated many questions about infinity as issues demanding proof and, e.g., Proclus claimed to prove the infinite divisibility of a line, based on a proof by contradiction in which he considered the cases of even and odd numbers of points constituting it.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "control flow",
            "memory",
            "memory cell",
            "program",
            "program counter",
            "loops"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as \"jumps\" and allow for loops (instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Computer engineers",
            "modern computer",
            "classical electrodynamics",
            "semiconductors",
            "random number generators",
            "isolated",
            "quantum information",
            "decoheres",
            "programmers",
            "probability theory",
            "randomized algorithm",
            "superposition",
            "interference",
            "program analysis",
            "ion",
            "quantum mechanical",
            "computer",
            "\"classical\" computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Computer engineers typically describe a modern computer's operation in terms of classical electrodynamics.\nWithin these \"classical\" computers, some components (such as semiconductors and random number generators) may rely on quantum behavior, but these components are not isolated from their environment, so any quantum information quickly decoheres.\nWhile programmers may depend on probability theory when designing a randomized algorithm, quantum mechanical notions like superposition and interference are largely irrelevant for program analysis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "European integration",
            "Council of Europe",
            "Second World War",
            "European Union",
            "Eurasian Economic Union",
            "art",
            "Eurasia",
            "Eurasian",
            "continent"
        ],
        "sentence": "European integration is the process of political, legal, economic (and in some cases social and cultural) integration of European states as it has been pursued by the powers sponsoring the Council of Europe since the end of the Second World War. The European Union has been the focus of economic integration on the continent since its foundation in 1993. More recently, the Eurasian Economic Union has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Clementine Hozier",
            "St Margaret's, Westminster",
            "Baveno",
            "Veve\u0159\u00ed Castle",
            "Moravia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In private life, Churchill proposed marriage to Clementine Hozier; they were married on 12 September 1908 at St Margaret's, Westminster and honeymooned in Baveno, Venice, and Veve\u0159\u00ed Castle in Moravia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "nationalist"
        ],
        "sentence": "A number of nationalists opposed intervention, particularly within states that the nationalists were hostile to."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Second New Deal",
            "Social Security",
            "Fair Deal",
            "Works Progress Administration",
            "National Labor Relations Board",
            "New Deal",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "By 1935, the \"Second New Deal\" added Social Security (which was later considerably extended through the Fair Deal), a jobs program for the unemployed (the Works Progress Administration, WPA) and, through the National Labor Relations Board, a strong stimulus to the growth of labor unions."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Lohengrin",
            "Wagner",
            "Vienna"
        ],
        "sentence": "During his time in Vienna, he pursued a growing passion for architecture and music, attending ten performances of Lohengrin, his favourite Wagner opera."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Upper Silesia plebiscite",
            "Upper Silesia",
            "plebiscite"
        ],
        "sentence": "In March 1921, the Inter-Allied Commission held the Upper Silesia plebiscite, which was peaceful despite the previous violence."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Czechoslovak Legion",
            "Hungarian",
            "Russian Civil War",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Russia, when the prisoners from the Czechoslovak Legion of the Austro-Hungarian army were released in 1917, they re-armed themselves and briefly became a military and diplomatic force during the Russian Civil War."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Leonhard Euler",
            "Goldbach"
        ],
        "sentence": "The interest of Leonhard Euler (1707\u20131783) in number theory was first spurred in 1729, when a friend of his, the amateur Goldbach, pointed him towards some of Fermat's work on the subject. This has been called the \"rebirth\" of modern number theory, after Fermat's relative lack of success in getting his contemporaries' attention for the subject. Euler's work on number theory includes the following:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "stock"
        ],
        "sentence": "Unlike what liquidationists expected, a large proportion of the capital stock was not redeployed but vanished during the first years of the Great Depression."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "flowers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The colour of tulip flowers also varies with growing conditions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Entente Powers",
            "France",
            "Belgium",
            "Serbia",
            "Russia",
            "Italy",
            "Greece",
            "Romania",
            "Central Powers",
            "Austria-Hungary",
            "Germany",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Ottoman Empire",
            "Portugal",
            "Kingdom",
            "Empire",
            "Austria"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most European nations were drawn into the war, which was fought between the Entente Powers (France, Belgium, Serbia, Portugal, Russia, the United Kingdom, and later Italy, Greece, Romania, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Changsha"
        ],
        "sentence": "\u2014Excerpt from Mao's poem \"Changsha\", September 1927\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Quantum algorithms",
            "oracle problems",
            "Deutsch's algorithm",
            "Bernstein\u2013Vazirani algorithm",
            "Simon's algorithm",
            "black box",
            "superposition",
            "Peter Shor",
            "his 1994 algorithms",
            "RSA",
            "Diffie\u2013Hellman",
            "Grover's algorithm",
            "unstructured",
            "Seth Lloyd",
            "computer",
            "ion",
            "exponential"
        ],
        "sentence": "Quantum algorithms then emerged for solving oracle problems, such as Deutsch's algorithm in 1985, the Bernstein\u2013Vazirani algorithm in 1993, and Simon's algorithm in 1994.\nThese algorithms did not solve practical problems, but demonstrated mathematically that one could gain more information by querying a black box with a quantum state in superposition, sometimes referred to as quantum parallelism.\nPeter Shor built on these results with his 1994 algorithms for breaking the widely used RSA and Diffie\u2013Hellman encryption protocols, which drew significant attention to the field of quantum computing.\nIn 1996, Grover's algorithm established a quantum speedup for the widely applicable unstructured search problem. The same year, Seth Lloyd proved that quantum computers could simulate quantum systems without the exponential overhead present in classical simulations, validating Feynman's 1982 conjecture.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hiroshima"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hiroshima may have been leafleted in late July or early August, as survivor accounts talk about a delivery of leaflets a few days before the atomic bomb was dropped."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Atlantic Charter"
        ],
        "sentence": "In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill conducted a highly secret bilateral meeting in which they drafted the Atlantic Charter, conceptually outlining global wartime and postwar goals."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "scalar",
            "rank",
            "tensor",
            "limiting cases",
            "weak gravitational fields",
            "slow speed",
            "relativity",
            "theory",
            "classical physics",
            "gravitational potential",
            "speed of light",
            "light",
            "metric",
            "limiting case",
            "weak",
            "Newton's law of universal gravitation",
            "gravitation"
        ],
        "sentence": "While general relativity replaces the scalar gravitational potential of classical physics by a symmetric rank-two tensor, the latter reduces to the former in certain limiting cases. For weak gravitational fields and slow speed relative to the speed of light, the theory's predictions converge on those of Newton's law of universal gravitation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hiroshima",
            "radiation",
            "Nagasaki"
        ],
        "sentence": "An estimated 90,000 to 140,000 people in Hiroshima (up to 39 percent of the population) and 60,000 to 80,000 people in Nagasaki (up to 32 percent of the population) died in 1945, though the number which died immediately as a result of exposure to the blast, heat, or due to radiation, is unknown."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Standard deviation",
            "Standard error",
            "sample mean",
            "sample",
            "mean",
            "population"
        ],
        "sentence": "Standard deviation refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value, such as the sample or population mean, while Standard error refers to an estimate of difference between sample mean and population mean.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "October Revolution"
        ],
        "sentence": "After the October Revolution, they continued to have differences."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Slovak Republic",
            "Josef Tiso",
            "Tripartite Pact"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Slovak Republic under President Josef Tiso signed the Tripartite Pact on 24 November 1940.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ultra"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Americans were alarmed by the Japanese buildup, which was accurately tracked through Ultra intelligence."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "natural language"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most higher-level NLP applications involve aspects that emulate intelligent behaviour and apparent comprehension of natural language. More broadly speaking, the technical operationalization of increasingly advanced aspects of cognitive behaviour represents one of the developmental trajectories of NLP (see trends among CoNLL shared tasks above).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "prequel trilogy"
        ],
        "sentence": "According to producer Gary Kurtz, loose plans for a prequel trilogy were developed during the outlining of the original two films. In 1980, Lucas confirmed that he had the nine-film series plotted, but due to the stress of producing the original trilogy, he had decided to cancel further sequels by 1981. In 1983, Lucas explained that \"There was never a script completed that had the entire story as it exists now ... As the stories unfolded, I would take certain ideas and save them ... I kept taking out all the good parts, and I just kept telling myself I would make other movies someday.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "liberalism",
            "United States",
            "World War I",
            "World War II",
            "Republican"
        ],
        "sentence": "His commitment to the working class and unemployed in need of relief in the nation's longest recession made him a favorite of the blue collar workers, labor unions, and ethnic minorities. The rapid expansion of government programs that occurred during Roosevelt's term redefined the role of the government in the United States, and Roosevelt's advocacy of government social programs was instrumental in redefining liberalism for coming generations. Roosevelt firmly established the United States' leadership role on the world stage, with his role in shaping and financing World War II. His isolationist critics faded away, and even the Republicans joined in his overall policies. He also created a new understanding of the presidency, permanently increasing the power of the president at the expense of Congress.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "British colonization",
            "Thirteen Colonies",
            "Eastern United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "Beginning in 1607, British colonization led to the establishment of the Thirteen Colonies in what is now the Eastern United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mathematics Subject Classification",
            "pure mathematics",
            "or",
            "applied mathematics"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Mathematics Subject Classification has a section for \"general applied mathematics\" but does not mention \"pure mathematics\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "soprano",
            "tenor",
            "falsetto",
            "Rolling Stone",
            "Stevie Wonder",
            "Off the Wall",
            "Thriller"
        ],
        "sentence": "Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed. Between 1971 and 1975, his voice descended from boy soprano to lyric tenor. He was known for his vocal range. With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded; Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the \"breathless, dreamy stutter\" of Stevie Wonder, and wrote that \"Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly.\" By the time of 1982's Thriller, Rolling Stone wrote that Jackson was singing in a \"fully adult voice\" that was \"tinged by sadness\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "\u03c3-algebra",
            "measure",
            "probability measure",
            "sample space",
            "probability"
        ],
        "sentence": "Given any set \n\n\n\n\u03a9\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\Omega \\,}\n\n (also called sample space) and a \u03c3-algebra \n\n\n\n\n\nF\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {F}}\\,}\n\n on it, a measure \n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle P\\,}\n\n defined on \n\n\n\n\n\nF\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {F}}\\,}\n\n is called a probability measure if \n\n\n\nP\n(\n\u03a9\n)\n=\n1.\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle P(\\Omega )=1.\\,}\n\n\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy"
        ],
        "sentence": "In subsequent speeches Hitler attacked British and Jewish \"war-mongers\" and in January 1939 secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy to challenge British naval supremacy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Georg Ritter von Sch\u00f6nerer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Georg Ritter von Sch\u00f6nerer became a major influence on Hitler."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bible Belt",
            "Southern United States",
            "evangelical",
            "the South",
            "cultural"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the \"Bible Belt\", located within the Southern United States, evangelical Protestantism plays a significant role culturally."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "historical rankings"
        ],
        "sentence": "Nonetheless, historical rankings consistently place him as one of the greatest American presidents."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Locarno Treaties",
            "remilitarising the Rhineland",
            "appeasement",
            "Rome\u2013Berlin Axis",
            "Anti-Comintern Pact",
            "Germany",
            "Japan",
            "Axis",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler defied the Versailles and Locarno Treaties by remilitarising the Rhineland in March 1936, encountering little opposition due to the policy of appeasement. In October 1936, Germany and Italy formed the Rome\u2013Berlin Axis. A month later, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, which Italy joined the following year.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mefo bills"
        ],
        "sentence": "Reconstruction and rearmament were financed through Mefo bills, printing money, and seizing the assets of people arrested as enemies of the State, including Jews."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "pacifist",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "To make certain the US was aware of the danger, in July 1939, a few months before the beginning of World War II in Europe, Szil\u00e1rd and Wigner visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein, a pacifist, said he had never considered."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "physical neural network",
            "Neuromorphic computer",
            "artificial neural network",
            "neural synapse",
            "neural network"
        ],
        "sentence": "A physical neural network or Neuromorphic computer  is a type of artificial neural network in which an electrically adjustable material is used to emulate the function of a neural synapse."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "feedforward neural network",
            "recurrent neural networks"
        ],
        "sentence": "The word \"deep\" in \"deep learning\" refers to the number of layers through which the data is transformed. More precisely, deep learning systems have a substantial credit assignment path (CAP) depth. The CAP is the chain of transformations from input to output. CAPs describe potentially causal connections between input and output. For a feedforward neural network, the depth of the CAPs is that of the network and is the number of hidden layers plus one (as the output layer is also parameterized). For recurrent neural networks, in which a signal may propagate through a layer more than once, the CAP depth is potentially unlimited. No universally agreed-upon threshold of depth divides shallow learning from deep learning, but most researchers agree that deep learning involves CAP depth higher than 2. CAP of depth 2 has been shown to be a universal approximator in the sense that it can emulate any function. Beyond that, more layers do not add to the function approximator ability of the network. Deep models (CAP > 2) are able to extract better features than shallow models and hence, extra layers help in learning the features effectively.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "French State",
            "Vichy",
            "Vichy France",
            "France"
        ],
        "sentence": "The following day approval of the new constitution by the Assembly effectively created the French State (l'\u00c9tat Fran\u00e7ais), replacing the French Republic with the government unofficially called \"Vichy France,\" after the resort town of Vichy, where P\u00e9tain maintained his seat of government."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pravda",
            "Bolshevik",
            "Bolsheviks",
            "Provisional Government"
        ],
        "sentence": "After the demonstration was suppressed, the Provisional Government initiated a crackdown on the Bolsheviks, raiding Pravda."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "head of state",
            "Elizabeth II",
            "Gerald Ford",
            "ceremonies"
        ],
        "sentence": "For the rest of his life, Hirohito was an active figure in Japanese life and performed many of the duties commonly associated with a constitutional head of state. He and his family maintained a strong public presence, often holding public walkabouts and making public appearances at special events and ceremonies. For example, in 1947, the Emperor made a public visit to Hiroshima and held a speech in front of a massive crowd encouraging the city's citizens. He also played an important role in rebuilding Japan's diplomatic image, traveling abroad to meet with many foreign leaders, including Queen Elizabeth II (1971) and President Gerald Ford (1975). He was not only the first reigning emperor to travel beyond Japan, but also the first to meet a President of the United States. His status and image became strongly positive in the United States.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Forest Hill Cemetery",
            "Graceland",
            "Way Down",
            "country"
        ],
        "sentence": "Presley's funeral was held at Graceland on Thursday, August 18. Outside the gates, a car plowed into a group of fans, killing two young women and critically injuring a third. About 80,000 people lined the processional route to Forest Hill Cemetery, where Presley was buried next to his mother. Within a few weeks, \"Way Down\" topped the country and UK singles chart. Following an attempt to steal Presley's body in late August, the remains of both Presley and his mother were exhumed and reburied in Graceland's Meditation Garden on October 2. Presley is buried alongside his parents, daughter, grandson and his paternal grandmother in the Meditation Garden at Graceland.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "arithmetic logic unit",
            "control unit",
            "memory",
            "input and output devices",
            "buses",
            "wires",
            "electrical circuits",
            "electronic switch",
            "bit",
            "logic gates",
            "binary",
            "information",
            "arithmetic",
            "electronic",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "A general-purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires. Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a \"1\", and when off it represents a \"0\" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Wannsee Conference",
            "the Holocaust",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "The records of the Wannsee Conference, held on 20 January 1942 and led by Heydrich, with fifteen senior Nazi officials participating, provide the clearest evidence of systematic planning for the Holocaust."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western Desert campaign"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill was determined to fight back and ordered the commencement of the Western Desert campaign on 11 June, an immediate response to the Italian declaration of war."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "vector",
            "biotic",
            "abiotic",
            "water",
            "seeds",
            "birds",
            "wind"
        ],
        "sentence": "In allochory, plants use an external vector, or carrier, to transport their seeds away from them. These can be either biotic (living), such as by birds and ants, or abiotic (non-living), such as by the wind or water.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "rock",
            "Liverpool",
            "John Lennon",
            "Paul McCartney",
            "George Harrison",
            "Ringo Starr",
            "most influential band of all time",
            "1960s counterculture",
            "popular music",
            "skiffle",
            "beat",
            "rock 'n' roll",
            "classical music",
            "traditional pop",
            "folk",
            "Indian music",
            "psychedelia",
            "hard rock",
            "pioneers in recording",
            "era's youth"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960, comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and the recognition of popular music as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat, and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways. The band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting, and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "HMS\u00a0Prince of Wales",
            "Placentia Bay",
            "Newfoundland",
            "Atlantic Charter",
            "Declaration by United Nations"
        ],
        "sentence": "In August 1941, Churchill made his first transatlantic crossing of the war on board HMS\u00a0Prince of Wales and met Roosevelt in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. On 14 August, they issued the joint statement that has become known as the Atlantic Charter. This outlined the goals of both countries for the future of the world and it is seen as the inspiration for the 1942 Declaration by United Nations, itself the basis of the United Nations which was founded in June 1945.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Operation Achse",
            "Regia Marina",
            "CB-class midget submarines",
            "Romania",
            "Romanian Navy"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Romanians shared in the spoils of Operation Achse, Regia Marina's 5 CB-class midget submarines in the Black Sea being transferred to the Romanian Navy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Jewish question",
            "Gemlich letter",
            "de",
            "Jewish"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler made his earliest known written statement about the Jewish question in a 16 September 1919 letter to Adolf Gemlich (now known as the Gemlich letter). In the letter, Hitler argues that the aim of the government \"must unshakably be the removal of the Jews altogether\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Stalin's death"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Chinese government instituted a period of official mourning for Stalin's death."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Henry F. Dobyns",
            "Gulf of Mexico",
            "Florida",
            "Massachusetts",
            "Mississippi Valley",
            "Florida peninsula"
        ],
        "sentence": "Anthropologist Henry F. Dobyns believed the populations were much higher, suggesting that approximately 1.1 million resided on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, 2.2 million people living between Florida and Massachusetts, 5.2 million in the Mississippi Valley and tributaries, and around 700000 in the Florida peninsula."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Party",
            "South African Party",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "The social discomfort caused by the depression was a contributing factor in the 1933 split between the \"gesuiwerde\" (purified) and \"smelter\" (fusionist) factions within the National Party and the National Party's subsequent fusion with the South African Party."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harry Potter film series",
            "M",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2001, the Harry Potter film series began, and by its end in 2011, it had become the highest-grossing film franchise of all time until the Marvel Cinematic Universe passed it in 2015.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Apostol n.d.",
            "elementary",
            "e"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hardy and Wright's book is a comprehensive classic, though its clarity sometimes suffers due to the authors' insistence on elementary methods (Apostol n.d.).\nVinogradov's main attraction consists in its set of problems, which quickly lead to Vinogradov's own research interests; the text itself is very basic and close to minimal. Other popular first introductions are:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "photoelectric effect",
            "quantum theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "Einstein played a major role in developing quantum theory, beginning with his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "topological quantum field theory",
            "conformal field theory",
            "representations",
            "cobordisms",
            "field"
        ],
        "sentence": "Compared to ordinary QFT, topological quantum field theory and conformal field theory are better supported mathematically \u2014 both can be classified in the framework of representations of cobordisms.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Yehuda Bauer",
            "the Holocaust",
            "de",
            "genocide"
        ],
        "sentence": "Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer has commented that the remark is probably as close as historians will ever get to a definitive order from Hitler for the genocide carried out during the Holocaust."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Slovakia declared independence",
            "de",
            "Germany",
            "Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 14 March 1939, under threat from Hungary, Slovakia declared independence and received protection from Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "foundational crisis of mathematics",
            "axiomatic method"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the end of the 19th century, the foundational crisis of mathematics led to the systematization of the axiomatic method, which heralded a dramatic increase in the number of mathematical areas and their fields of application."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "purchase of Alaska",
            "Russia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Mainland expansion also included the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": " Something becomes objective (as opposed to \"subjective\") as soon as we are convinced that it exists in the minds of others in the same form as it does in ours and that we can think about it and discuss it together."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bolshoi Theatre",
            "Leninist"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1949, celebrations took place to mark Stalin's seventieth birthday (although he was 71 at the time,) at which Stalin attended an event in the Bolshoi Theatre alongside Marxist\u2013Leninist leaders from across Europe and Asia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "attack on Pearl Harbor",
            "Italy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, he obtained a declaration of war on Japan the next day, and a few days later, on Germany and Italy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "anthropomorphism",
            "Beatrix Potter"
        ],
        "sentence": "He accused animal rights advocates of \"pre-scientific\" anthropomorphism, attributing traits to animals that are, he says, Beatrix Potter-like, where \"only man is vile.\" It is within this fiction that the appeal of animal rights lies, he argued. The world of animals is non-judgmental, filled with dogs who return our affection almost no matter what we do to them, and cats who pretend to be affectionate when, in fact, they care only about themselves. It is, he argued, a fantasy, a world of escape.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Steeltown Records",
            "Big Boy",
            "Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers",
            "Motown",
            "Regal Theater",
            "Who's Lovin' You",
            "Diana Ross",
            "Miss Black America",
            "It's Your Thing",
            "Rolling Stone",
            "Jackson family",
            "the Jackson 5"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Jackson 5 recorded several songs for a Gary record label, Steeltown Records; their first single, \"Big Boy\", was released in 1968. Bobby Taylor of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers brought the Jackson 5 to Motown after they opened for Taylor at Chicago's Regal Theater in 1968. Taylor produced some of their early Motown recordings, including a version of \"Who's Lovin' You\". After signing with Motown, the Jackson family relocated to Los Angeles. In 1969, Motown executives decided Diana Ross should introduce the Jackson 5 to the public \u2014 partly to bolster her career in television \u2014 sending off what was considered Motown's last product of its \"production line\". The Jackson 5 made their first television appearance in 1969 in the Miss Black America pageant, performing a cover of \"It's Your Thing\". Rolling Stone later described the young Michael as \"a prodigy\" with \"overwhelming musical gifts\" who \"quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chiclet keyboard"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although the machine was fairly successful, there were frequent complaints about the tiny calculator-like keyboard, often referred to as a \"Chiclet keyboard\" due to the keys' resemblance to the popular gum candy. This was addressed in the upgraded \"dash N\" and \"dash B\" versions of the 2001, which put the cassette outside the case, and included a much larger keyboard with a full stroke non-click motion. Internally a newer and simpler motherboard was used, along with an upgrade in memory to 8, 16, or 32 KB, known as the 2001-N-8, 2001-N-16 or 2001-N-32, respectively.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ritsury\u014d"
        ],
        "sentence": "These legal reforms created the ritsury\u014d state, a system of Chinese-style centralized government that remained in place for half a millennium."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "e"
        ],
        "sentence": "[36] Now there is a pregnant woman whose age is 29. If the gestation period is 9 months, determine the sex of the unborn child. Answer: Male.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "economic indicators",
            "durable goods",
            "pl",
            "Industrial production"
        ],
        "sentence": "By 1936, the main economic indicators had regained the levels of the late 1920s, except for unemployment, which remained high at 11%, although this was considerably lower than the 25% unemployment rate seen in 1933. In the spring of 1937, American industrial production exceeded that of 1929 and remained level until June 1937. In June 1937, the Roosevelt administration cut spending and increased taxation in an attempt to balance the federal budget.\nThe American economy then took a sharp downturn, lasting for 13 months through most of 1938. Industrial production fell almost 30 per cent within a few months and production of durable goods fell even faster. Unemployment jumped from 14.3% in 1937 to 19.0% in 1938, rising from 5\u00a0million to more than 12\u00a0million in early 1938. Manufacturing output fell by 37% from the 1937 peak and was back to 1934 levels.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bolshevik",
            "Mensheviks",
            "Bolsheviks",
            "Georgia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin detested many of the Mensheviks in Georgia and aligned himself with the Bolsheviks."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Boer"
        ],
        "sentence": "In dealing with southern Africa, he sought to ensure equality between the British and the Boers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sudeten Germans",
            "de",
            "Czechoslovakia"
        ],
        "sentence": "The men agreed that Henlein would demand increased autonomy for Sudeten Germans from the Czechoslovakian government, thus providing a pretext for German military action against Czechoslovakia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "median income",
            "income"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States is a highly developed country that has the highest median income of any polity in the world."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "peace"
        ],
        "sentence": "After the war, there grew a certain amount of academic focus on the causes of war and on the elements that could make peace flourish."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mitochondrial DNA",
            "dingo",
            "New Guinea singing dog",
            "Mammal Species of the World",
            "mammalogist",
            "W. Christopher Wozencraft",
            "junior synonym",
            "wolf",
            "species",
            "Canis"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from the grey wolf, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog breeds having developed at a time when human communities were more isolated from each other. In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies, which formed the domestic dog clade: familiaris, as named by Linnaeus in 1758 and, dingo named by Meyer in 1793. Wozencraft included hallstromi (the New Guinea singing dog) as another name (junior synonym) for the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision. Mammalogists have noted the inclusion of familiaris and dingo together under the \"domestic dog\" clade with some debating it.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "North-western Africa",
            "Africa",
            "art"
        ],
        "sentence": "Malta was considered an island of North-western Africa for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "federal",
            "education"
        ],
        "sentence": "Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "history of the United States",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of the United States, as well as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ring",
            "field"
        ],
        "sentence": "During school, mathematical capabilities and positive expectations have a strong association with career interest in the field."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Czechoslovakia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt made it clear that, in the event of German aggression against Czechoslovakia, the U.S. would remain neutral."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Conscription Crisis of 1918",
            "Ireland"
        ],
        "sentence": "However, opposition to involvement in the war increased in Ireland, resulting in the Conscription Crisis of 1918."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "coup d'\u00e9tat"
        ],
        "sentence": "In June 1944, Phibun was overthrown in a coup d'\u00e9tat."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "comedy",
            "drama",
            "action",
            "musical",
            "romance",
            "horror",
            "science fiction",
            "epic",
            "cinema",
            "film industry"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hollywood is considered to be the oldest film industry, in the sense of being the place where the earliest film studios and production companies emerged. It is the birthplace of various genres of cinema\u2014among them comedy, drama, action, the musical, romance, horror, science fiction, and the epic\u2014and has set the example for other national film industries.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Minister for Foreign Affairs",
            "Takeo Fukuda",
            "Nobuhiko Ushiba",
            "Japan\u2013U.S. relations"
        ],
        "sentence": "The talks between Emperor Sh\u014dwa and President Nixon were not planned at the outset, because initially the stop in the United States was only for refueling to visit Europe. However, the meeting was decided in a hurry at the request of the United States. Although the Japanese side accepted the request, Minister for Foreign Affairs Takeo Fukuda made a public telephone call to the Japanese ambassador to the United States Nobuhiko Ushiba, who promoted talks, saying, \"that will cause me a great deal of trouble. We want to correct the perceptions of the other party.\" At that time, Foreign Minister Fukuda was worried that President Nixon's talks with the Emperor would be used to repair the deteriorating Japan\u2013U.S. relations, and he was concerned that the premise of the symbolic emperor system could fluctuate.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "proof assistant",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "Once written formally, a proof can be verified using a program called a proof assistant."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "between",
            "Soviet Union",
            "Soviet",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "The alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had begun to deteriorate even before the war was over."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Mason Patrick",
            "Billy Mitchell"
        ],
        "sentence": "As early as 1924, Chief of U.S. Air Service Mason Patrick displayed a concern for military vulnerabilities in the Pacific, having sent General Billy Mitchell on a survey of the Pacific and the East."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Irish Home Rule",
            "Home Rule Bill",
            "Ulster Unionists",
            "Partition of Ireland",
            "federal",
            "House of Commons",
            "Cabinet"
        ],
        "sentence": "The central issue in Britain at the time was Irish Home Rule and, in 1912, Asquith's government introduced the Home Rule Bill. Churchill supported it and urged Ulster Unionists to accept it as he opposed the partition of Ireland. Concerning the possibility of the Partition of Ireland, Churchill stated: \"Whatever Ulster's right may be, she cannot stand in the way of the whole of the rest of Ireland. Half a province cannot impose a permanent veto on the nation. Half a province cannot obstruct forever the reconciliation between the British and Irish democracies\". Speaking in the House of Commons on 16 February 1922, Churchill said: \"What Irishmen all over the world most desire is not hostility against this country, but the unity of their own\". \nLater, following a Cabinet decision, he boosted the naval presence in Ireland to deal with any Unionist uprising. Seeking a compromise, Churchill suggested that Ireland remain part of a federal United Kingdom but this angered Liberals and Irish nationalists.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Anglo-American landings in French North Africa",
            "North Africa",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "This attack was followed up shortly after by Anglo-American landings in French North Africa, which resulted in the region joining the Allies."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "having children below replacement level",
            "United Nations",
            "Southern Europe",
            "decline",
            "West",
            "Western Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "Southern Europe and Western Europe are the regions with the highest average number of elderly people in the world, today they comprise 21% of the population, with over 65 years. Projections suggest that by 2050 Europe will reach 30%. This is caused by the fact that the population has been having children below replacement level since the 1970s. The United Nations predicts that Europe will decline its population between 2022 and 2050 by \u22127 per cent, without changing immigration movements.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "invaded German-occupied France",
            "regained its territorial losses",
            "Germany",
            "Allies",
            "France",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "continued trading",
            "British blockade of Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "The two states continued trading, undermining the British blockade of Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 30 June 1930, after speeches and the lowering of flags, the last troops of the Anglo-French-Belgian occupation force withdrew from Germany."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Giuseppe Zangara",
            "Anton Cermak"
        ],
        "sentence": "In February 1933, Roosevelt escaped an assassination attempt by Giuseppe Zangara, who expressed a \"hate for all rulers.\" As he was attempting to shoot Roosevelt, Zangara was struck by a woman with her purse; he instead mortally wounded Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak, who was sitting alongside Roosevelt.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Germany invaded Denmark and Norway",
            "iron ore from Sweden",
            "attempting to cut off",
            "Denmark capitulated after six hours",
            "despite Allied support",
            "British discontent over the Norwegian campaign",
            "Neville Chamberlain",
            "Winston Churchill",
            "British",
            "Germany",
            "Allies"
        ],
        "sentence": "In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway to protect shipments of iron ore from Sweden, which the Allies were attempting to cut off. Denmark capitulated after six hours, and Norway was conquered within two months despite Allied support. British discontent over the Norwegian campaign led to the resignation of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who was replaced by Winston Churchill on 10\u00a0May 1940.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "O.S.",
            "Soviet Union",
            "dictator",
            "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
            "Chairman of the Council of Ministers",
            "Leninist",
            "Marxism",
            "Marxism\u2013Leninism",
            "Stalinism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December\u00a0[O.S. 6 December]\u00a01878 \u2013 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician, political theorist and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953, ruling as a dictator after consolidating power in the late 1920s. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1941 to 1953. Ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised the state ideology of Marxism\u2013Leninism, while his policies are called Stalinism.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German occupation",
            "Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prior to the German occupation within the area of Hungary around 63,000 Jews perished."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "the Mother of All Demos",
            "SRI",
            "Douglas Engelbart",
            "e-mail",
            "hypertext",
            "word processing",
            "video conferencing",
            "mouse",
            "time-sharing"
        ],
        "sentence": "In what was later to be called the Mother of All Demos, SRI researcher Douglas Engelbart in 1968 gave a preview of features that would later become staples of personal computers: e-mail, hypertext, word processing, video conferencing, and the mouse. The demonstration required technical support staff and a mainframe time-sharing computer that were far too costly for individual business use at the time.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "perturbation theory",
            "semiclassical",
            "quantum gravity",
            "quantum fields",
            "Hawking radiation",
            "Unruh effect",
            "Hawking radiation",
            "black holes",
            "curved spacetime",
            "particles",
            "quantum field theory"
        ],
        "sentence": "Using perturbation theory in quantum field theory in curved spacetime geometry is known as the semiclassical approach to quantum gravity. This approach studies the interaction of quantum fields in a fixed classical spacetime and among other thing predicts the creation of particles by time-varying spacetimes and Hawking radiation. The latter can be understood as a manifestation of the Unruh effect where an accelerating observer observes black body radiation. Other prediction of quantum fields in curved spaces include, for example, the radiation emitted by a particle moving along a geodesic and the interaction of Hawking radiation with particles outside black holes.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computational neuroscience",
            "computation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Theoretical and computational neuroscience is the field concerned with the analysis and computational modeling of biological neural systems.\nSince neural systems are intimately related to cognitive processes and behaviour, the field is closely related to cognitive and behavioural modeling.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "radiation"
        ],
        "sentence": "A meta-analysis from 2016 found that radiation exposure increases cancer risk, but also that the average lifespan of survivors was reduced by only a few months compared to those not exposed to radiation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Xerox Alto",
            "Xerox",
            "Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)",
            "GUI",
            "Macintosh",
            "Windows",
            "Apple",
            "Mac",
            "Microsoft",
            "operating system"
        ],
        "sentence": "A seminal step in personal computing was the 1973 Xerox Alto, developed at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). It had a graphical user interface (GUI) which later served as inspiration for Apple's Macintosh, and Microsoft's Windows operating system. The Alto was a demonstration project, not commercialized, as the parts were too expensive to be affordable.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Middle Eastern theatre",
            "Caucasus",
            "Dardanelles",
            "Constantinople",
            "Mediterranean Expeditionary Force",
            "Australian and New Zealand Army Corps",
            "assault at Gallipoli"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill was interested in the Middle Eastern theatre and wanted to relieve Turkish pressure on the Russians in the Caucasus by staging attacks against Turkey in the Dardanelles. He hoped that, if successful, the British could even seize Constantinople. Approval was given and, in March 1915, an Anglo-French task force attempted a naval bombardment of Turkish defences in the Dardanelles. In April, the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, including the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), began its assault at Gallipoli. Both campaigns failed and Churchill was held by many MPs, particularly Conservatives, to be personally responsible.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Federal Reserve System",
            "lender of last resort",
            "deflation",
            "money supply"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is a consensus that the Federal Reserve System should have cut short the process of monetary deflation and banking collapse, by expanding the money supply and acting as lender of last resort."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "without a system of universal health care",
            "significant proportion of the population that does not carry health insurance"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States is the only developed nation without a system of universal health care, and a significant proportion of the population that does not carry health insurance."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Socialist Revolutionary Party",
            "Left Socialist-Revolutionaries",
            "Mensheviks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin backed Lenin's decision not to form a coalition with the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionary Party, although they did form a coalition government with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prime Minister",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "With deficits mounting, the bankers demanded a balanced budget; the divided cabinet of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government agreed; it proposed to raise taxes, cut spending and most controversially, to cut unemployment benefits by 20%."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "local area network",
            "operating systems",
            "computer-aided design",
            "architectural",
            "computer graphics",
            "Workstations",
            "operating system"
        ],
        "sentence": "A workstation is a high-end personal computer designed for technical, mathematical, or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. Workstations are used for tasks such as computer-aided design, drafting and modeling, computation-intensive scientific and engineering calculations, image processing, architectural modeling, and computer graphics for animation and motion picture visual effects.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
            "re-elected in 1940",
            "Lend-Lease"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill's good relations with United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped secure vital food, oil and munitions via the North Atlantic shipping routes. It was for this reason that Churchill was relieved when Roosevelt was re-elected in 1940. Upon re-election, Roosevelt set about implementing a new method of providing necessities to Great Britain without the need for monetary payment. He persuaded Congress that repayment for this immensely costly service would take the form of defending the US. The policy was known as Lend-Lease and it was formally enacted on 11 March 1941.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "University of Manchester",
            "Tom Kilburn",
            "transistorized computer",
            "operational by 1953",
            "drum memory",
            "Harwell CADET",
            "Atomic Energy Research Establishment",
            "Harwell",
            "Hz",
            "memory",
            "transistor",
            "machine",
            "electronic",
            "transistors",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves. Their first transistorized computer and the first in the world, was operational by 1953, and a second version was completed there in April 1955. However, the machine did make use of valves to generate its 125\u00a0kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to read and write on its magnetic drum memory, so it was not the first completely transistorized computer. That distinction goes to the Harwell CADET of 1955, built by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "SHAEF",
            "Anzio",
            "Allied"
        ],
        "sentence": "The difficulties in Italy caused Churchill to have a change of heart and mind about Allied strategy to the extent that, when the Anzio stalemate developed soon after his return to England from North Africa, he threw himself into the planning of Overlord and set up an ongoing series of meetings with SHAEF and the British Chiefs of Staff over which he regularly presided."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "great power"
        ],
        "sentence": "By 1900, the United States established itself as a great power, becoming the world's largest economy."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "processors",
            "graphics processing units",
            "S",
            "matrix"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some processors, typically graphics processing units (GPU), are designed with a matrix structure, for optimizing the operations of linear algebra.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "greatest common divisor",
            "Chinese remainder theorem",
            "\u0100ryabha\u1e6da",
            "Euclidean algorithm",
            "e",
            "Euclid"
        ],
        "sentence": "An early case is that of what we now call the Euclidean algorithm. In its basic form (namely, as an algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor) it appears as Proposition 2 of Book VII in Elements, together with a proof of correctness. However, in the form that is often used in number theory (namely, as an algorithm for finding integer solutions to an equation \n\n\n\na\nx\n+\nb\ny\n=\nc\n\n\n{\\displaystyle ax+by=c}\n\n, or, what is the same, for finding the quantities whose existence is assured by the Chinese remainder theorem) it first appears in the works of \u0100ryabha\u1e6da (5th\u20136th century CE) as an algorithm called ku\u1e6d\u1e6daka (\"pulveriser\"), without a proof of correctness.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Duan Qirui",
            "government"
        ],
        "sentence": "There was immense dissatisfaction with Duan Qirui's government, which had secretly negotiated with the Japanese in order to secure loans to fund their military campaigns against the south."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "genes",
            "common ancestor",
            "650 million years ago",
            "Precambrian",
            "Wnt",
            "TGF-beta",
            "transcription factors",
            "homeodomain",
            "control of development",
            "Bilateria",
            "living",
            "multicellular",
            "proteins",
            "Placozoa"
        ],
        "sentence": "These genes are found in the Placozoa and the higher animals, the Bilateria. 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals have been identified; these may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago in the Precambrian. 25 of these are novel core gene groups, found only in animals; of those, 8 are for essential components of the Wnt and TGF-beta signalling pathways which may have enabled animals to become multicellular by providing a pattern for the body's system of axes (in three dimensions), and another 7 are for transcription factors including homeodomain proteins involved in the control of development.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "purebred",
            " Purebred dog breeders",
            "mixed-breed dogs",
            "American Kennel Club",
            "dog",
            "breed",
            "breeders"
        ],
        "sentence": "A dog is said to be purebred if their parents were purebred and if the dog meets the standards of the breed.  Purebred dog breeders of today \"have inherited a breeding paradigm that is, at the very least, a bit anachronistic in light of modern genetic knowledge, and that first arose out of a pretty blatant misinterpretation of Darwin and an enthusiasm for social theories that have long been discredited as scientifically insupportable and morally questionable.\" The American Kennel Club allows mixed-breed dogs to be shown but under the condition the animals have been spayed or neutered, are not a wolf hybrid, and not eligible for the AKC Foundation Stock Service Program or an AKC Purebred Alternative Listing (PAL). California Assembly Act AB 1634 was a bill introduced in 2007 that would require all non-working dogs of mixed breed over the age of 6 months to be neutered or spayed. The bill was morally controversial, leading the American Kennel Club to fight the bill.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Karl Weierstrass",
            "Richard Dedekind",
            "pure mathematics",
            "applied mathematics",
            "lines"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 19th century, mathematicians such as Karl Weierstrass and Richard Dedekind increasingly focused their research on internal problems, that is, pure mathematics. This led to split mathematics into pure mathematics and applied mathematics, the latter being often considered as having a lower value among mathematical purists. However, the lines between the two are frequently blurred.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States government",
            "federal republic",
            "representative democracy",
            "three separate branches of government",
            "executive",
            "legislative",
            "judicial"
        ],
        "sentence": "The United States government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Armistice of Villa Giusti",
            "Trieste",
            "Adriatic Sea",
            "Italy",
            "Adriatic",
            "Austria-Hungary"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 3\u00a0November, the Armistice of Villa Giusti ended hostilities between Austria-Hungary and Italy which occupied Trieste and areas along the Adriatic Sea awarded to it in 1915."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Milice",
            "French Resistance",
            "Front Populaire",
            "L\u00e9gion des Volontaires Fran\u00e7ais",
            "Waffen-SS Division Charlemagne",
            "anti-communist",
            "Vichy",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1943 the Milice, a paramilitary force which had been founded by Vichy, was subordinated to the Germans and assisted them in rounding up opponents and Jews, as well as fighting the French Resistance. The Germans recruited volunteers in units independent of Vichy. Partly as a result of the great animosity of many right-wingers against the pre-war Front Populaire, volunteers joined the German forces in their anti-communist crusade against the USSR. Almost 7,000 joined L\u00e9gion des Volontaires Fran\u00e7ais (LVF) from 1941 to 1944. The LVF then formed the cadre of the Waffen-SS Division Charlemagne in 1944\u20131945, with a maximum strength of some 7,500. Both the LVF and the Division Charlemagne fought on the eastern front.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "flash-back",
            "Vitagraph company",
            "The Man That Might Have Been",
            "William J. Humphrey"
        ],
        "sentence": "The use of flash-back structures continued to develop in this period, with the usual way of entering and leaving a flash-back being through a dissolve. The Vitagraph company's The Man That Might Have Been (William J. Humphrey, 1914), is even more complex, with a series of reveries and flash-backs that contrast the protagonist's real passage through life with what might have been, if his son had not died.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "1928 election",
            "1928 state election",
            "Albert Ottinger",
            "Samuel Rosenman",
            "Frances Perkins",
            "James Farley",
            "presidential election",
            "James",
            "Republican",
            "acclamation"
        ],
        "sentence": "Smith, the Democratic presidential nominee in the 1928 election, asked Roosevelt to run for governor of New York in the 1928 state election. Roosevelt initially resisted, as he was reluctant to leave Warm Springs and feared a Republican landslide in 1928. Party leaders eventually convinced him only he could defeat the Republican gubernatorial nominee, New York Attorney General Albert Ottinger. He won the party's gubernatorial nomination by acclamation and again turned to Howe to lead his campaign. Roosevelt was also joined on the campaign trail by associates Samuel Rosenman, Frances Perkins, and James Farley. While Smith lost the presidency in a landslide, and was defeated in his home state, Roosevelt was elected governor by a one-percent margin, and became a contender in the next presidential election.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "correctness of programs",
            "civil engineering",
            "aerospace engineering",
            "computation"
        ],
        "sentence": " It has since been argued that computer science can be classified as an empirical science since it makes use of empirical testing to evaluate the correctness of programs, but a problem remains in defining the laws and theorems of computer science (if any exist) and defining the nature of experiments in computer science. Proponents of classifying computer science as an engineering discipline argue that the reliability of computational systems is investigated in the same way as bridges in civil engineering and airplanes in aerospace engineering. They also argue that while empirical sciences observe what presently exists, computer science observes what is possible to exist and while scientists discover laws from observation, no proper laws have been found in computer science and it is instead concerned with creating phenomena.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "dozens of Japanese railway companies",
            "JR",
            "Kintetsu",
            "Seibu Railway",
            "Keio Corporation",
            "region",
            "transportation",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "Since privatization in 1987, dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven JR enterprises, Kintetsu, Seibu Railway and Keio Corporation."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "wave packet",
            "eigenstate",
            "momentum"
        ],
        "sentence": "It is not possible for the solution to be a single momentum eigenstate, or a single position eigenstate, as these are not normalizable quantum states. Instead, we can consider a Gaussian wave packet:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "With much of Germany in ruins in January 1945, Hitler spoke on the radio: \"However grave as the crisis may be at this moment, it will, despite everything, be mastered by our unalterable will.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "John Ford",
            "John Huston",
            "American Old West"
        ],
        "sentence": "Directors such as John Ford redefined the image of the American Old West, and, like others such as John Huston, broadened the possibilities of cinema with location shooting."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Cold War"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the Cold War, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Luis Alvarez",
            "Saga"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1949, one of the authors of the letter, Luis Alvarez, met with Sagane and signed the letter."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Guidobaldo del Monte",
            "calculation"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1609 Guidobaldo del Monte made a mechanical multiplier to calculate fractions of a degree. Based on a system of four gears, the rotation of an index on one quadrant corresponds to 60 rotations of another index on an opposite quadrant. Thanks to this machine, errors in the calculation of first, second, third and quarter degrees can be avoided. Guidobaldo is the first to document the use of gears for mechanical calculation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Amstel",
            "Netherlands",
            "Zarqa",
            "Carakale Brewery",
            "Fuheis",
            "beer"
        ],
        "sentence": "Jordan has several companies producing beer, the oldest being the Jordan Brewery Company, which built the first Amstel beer factory outside the Netherlands in 1958 in Zarqa, and which also produces Petra, the oldest local brew of Jordan. Jordan's first microbrewery, Carakale Brewery, was established in 2010 in Fuheis.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "The Internationale",
            "national anthem",
            "a more patriotic song"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Internationale was dropped as the country's national anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Age of Enlightenment"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Age of Enlightenment was a powerful intellectual movement during the 18th century promoting scientific and reason-based thoughts."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Senussi",
            "Italian Libya",
            "British Egypt",
            "guerrilla war",
            "Senussi campaign"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Senussi tribe, along the border of Italian Libya and British Egypt, incited and armed by the Turks, waged a small-scale guerrilla war against Allied troops. The British were forced to dispatch 12,000 troops to oppose them in the Senussi campaign. Their rebellion was finally crushed in mid-1916.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "John Maynard Keynes",
            "Carthaginian peace",
            "Ferdinand Foch",
            "reparations"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prominent economists such as John Maynard Keynes declared the treaty too harsh, styling it as a \"Carthaginian peace\", and saying the reparations were excessive and counterproductive. On the other hand, prominent Allied figures such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently. This is still the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Accordingly, on 22 August 1939 Hitler ordered a military mobilisation against Poland."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "extended",
            "Jordan Valley",
            "First Transjordan",
            "Second Transjordan",
            "First"
        ],
        "sentence": "In early 1918, the front line was extended and the Jordan Valley was occupied, following the First Transjordan and the Second Transjordan attacks by British Empire forces in March and April 1918."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "security alliance"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japan has close economic and military relations with the United States, with which it maintains a security alliance."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Product placement"
        ],
        "sentence": "Product placement also has been a point of criticism, with the tobacco industry promoting smoking on screen. The Centers for Disease Control cites that 18% of teen smokers would not start smoking if films with smoking were automatically given an 'R' rating, which would save 1 million lives.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Maclean's"
        ],
        "sentence": "In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, \"Some wars name themselves."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Article 231",
            "required Germany to disarm",
            "reparations",
            "gold marks",
            "Central Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "The most critical and controversial provision in the treaty was: \"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.\" The other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles. This article, Article 231, became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty required Germany to disarm, make ample territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132\u00a0billion gold marks (then $31.4\u00a0billion or \u00a36.6\u00a0billion, roughly equivalent to US$442\u00a0billion or UK\u00a3284\u00a0billion in 2023).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "boutonniere",
            "corsage",
            "flowers",
            "foliage",
            "media"
        ],
        "sentence": "Adhesive tools include floral tape, pot tape, floral adhesive (also known as cold glue), and hot glue. Floral tape is most often used to secure flowers together or to cover the mechanics of an arrangement, especially when creating a boutonniere or corsage. Pot tape is used to create a grid pattern in vases, which helps keeps flowers and foliage in place. Pot tape can also be used to secure floral foam to a container. Cold glue is used to secure fresh, living flowers together or in place for an arrangement. Hot glue is used to glue non-living media in place or together.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "vascular plants",
            "bryophytes",
            "lichens",
            "algae",
            "Russian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russian biodiversity includes 12,500 species of vascular plants, 2,200 species of bryophytes, about 3,000 species of lichens, 7,000\u20139,000 species of algae, and 20,000\u201325,000 species of fungi."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "bioinformatics",
            "natural language processing",
            "logic programming",
            "Inductive logic programming"
        ],
        "sentence": "Inductive logic programming is particularly useful in bioinformatics and natural language processing."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "famine from 1946 to 1947"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the post-war period there were often food shortages in Soviet cities, and the USSR experienced a major famine from 1946 to 1947. Sparked by a drought and ensuing bad harvest in 1946, it was exacerbated by government policy towards food procurement, including the state's decision to build up stocks and export food internationally rather than distributing it to famine-hit areas. Current estimates indicate that between one million and 1.5\u00a0million people died from malnutrition or disease as a result. While agricultural production stagnated, Stalin focused on a series of major infrastructure projects, including the construction of hydroelectric plants, canals, and railway lines running to the polar north. Much of this was constructed by prison labour.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Winter War",
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939, which started the Winter War."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German film industry",
            "Joe May",
            "adventure films",
            "Ernst Lubitsch",
            "film"
        ],
        "sentence": "The German film industry was seriously weakened by the war. The most important of the new film producers at the time was Joe May, who made a series of thrillers and adventure films through the war years, but Ernst Lubitsch also came into prominence with a series of very successful comedies and dramas.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of London",
            "Italy",
            "Triple Entente",
            "Austria-Hungary",
            "Germany"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although they remained secret, these provisions were incorporated into the April 1915 Treaty of London; Italy joined the Triple Entente and on 23 May declared war on Austria-Hungary, followed by Germany fifteen months later."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Eurasian",
            "Eurasia"
        ],
        "sentence": "Europe makes up the western fifth of the Eurasian landmass."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Y\u014dsuke Yamahata",
            "propaganda",
            "Nagasaki",
            "military"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 10 August 1945, the day after the Nagasaki bombing, military photographer Y\u014dsuke Yamahata, correspondent Higashi, and artist Yamada arrived in the city with instructions to record the destruction for propaganda purposes."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "speech recognition",
            "LSTM",
            "speaker recognition"
        ],
        "sentence": "The debut of DNNs for speaker recognition in the late 1990s and speech recognition around 2009-2011 and of LSTM around 2003\u20132007, accelerated progress in eight major areas:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "head of government",
            "Ministers of State",
            "appointed"
        ],
        "sentence": "The prime minister as the head of government has the power to appoint and dismiss Ministers of State, and is appointed by the emperor after being designated from among the members of the Diet."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Einstein's field equations",
            "cosmological constant",
            "cosmological",
            "field equation",
            "cosmology"
        ],
        "sentence": "The current models of cosmology are based on Einstein's field equations, which include the cosmological constant \n\n\n\n\u039b\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\Lambda }\n\n since it has important influence on the large-scale dynamics of the cosmos,\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "National Broadcasting Company",
            "Columbia Broadcasting System",
            "American Broadcasting Company",
            "Fox Broadcasting Company",
            "television networks",
            "Cable television",
            "broadcast radio",
            "podcasts",
            "Federal Communications Commission",
            "NPR",
            "Public Broadcasting Act of 1967",
            "television",
            "radio"
        ],
        "sentence": "The four major broadcasters in the U.S. are the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and Fox Broadcasting Company (FOX). The four major broadcast television networks are all commercial entities. Cable television offers hundreds of channels catering to a variety of niches. As of 2021, about 83% of Americans over age 12 listen to broadcast radio, while about 41% listen to podcasts. As of September\u00a030, 2014, there are 15,433 licensed full-power radio stations in the U.S. according to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Much of the public radio broadcasting is supplied by NPR, incorporated in February 1970 under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "siege of Imphal"
        ],
        "sentence": "It played a largely marginal role in the battle, and suffered serious casualties and had to withdraw with the rest of Japanese forces after the siege of Imphal was broken."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fast Fourier transform",
            "harmonic analysis",
            "numbers",
            "Euclid",
            "analysis",
            "prime numbers",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some examples of particularly elegant results included are Euclid's proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers and the fast Fourier transform for harmonic analysis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "socialist state"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviet Union was the world's only socialist state with very little international trade. Its economy was not tied to the rest of the world and was mostly unaffected by the Great Depression.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "P",
            "NP",
            "PSPACE",
            "integer factorization",
            "discrete logarithm problem",
            "NP-complete",
            "NP-hardness",
            "discrete logarithm",
            "ion",
            "problems",
            "computer",
            "BQP"
        ],
        "sentence": "The exact relationship of BQP to P, NP, and PSPACE is not known. However, it is known that \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\u2286\nB\nQ\nP\n\u2286\nP\nS\nP\nA\nC\nE\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathsf {P\\subseteq BQP\\subseteq PSPACE}}}\n\n; that is, all problems that can be efficiently solved by a deterministic classical computer can also be efficiently solved by a quantum computer, and all problems that can be efficiently solved by a quantum computer can also be solved by a deterministic classical computer with polynomial space resources. It is further suspected that BQP is a strict superset of P, meaning there are problems that are efficiently solvable by quantum computers that are not efficiently solvable by deterministic classical computers. For instance, integer factorization and the discrete logarithm problem are known to be in BQP and are suspected to be outside of P. On the relationship of BQP to NP, little is known beyond the fact that some NP problems that are believed not to be in P are also in BQP (integer factorization and the discrete logarithm problem are both in NP, for example). It is suspected that \n\n\n\n\n\nN\nP\n\u2288\nB\nQ\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathsf {NP\\nsubseteq BQP}}}\n\n; that is, it is believed that there are efficiently checkable problems that are not efficiently solvable by a quantum computer. As a direct consequence of this belief, it is also suspected that BQP is disjoint from the class of NP-complete problems (if an NP-complete problem were in BQP, then it would follow from NP-hardness that all problems in NP are in BQP).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Green's theorem",
            "planimeter",
            "area",
            "integral"
        ],
        "sentence": "Green's theorem, which gives the relationship between a line integral around a simple closed curve C and a double integral over the plane region D bounded by C, is applied in an instrument known as a planimeter, which is used to calculate the area of a flat surface on a drawing. For example, it can be used to calculate the amount of area taken up by an irregularly shaped flower bed or swimming pool when designing the layout of a piece of property.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mathematical logic",
            "foundations"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other first-level areas emerged during the 20th century or had not previously been considered as mathematics, such as mathematical logic and foundations."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "United States district court",
            "Lennon and McCartney",
            "Sony",
            "Lennon\u2013McCartney",
            "P.S. I Love You",
            "Love Me Do",
            "Sony/ATV Music Publishing",
            "EMI",
            "1",
            "Love"
        ],
        "sentence": "Despite the lack of publishing rights to most of their songs, Lennon's estate and McCartney continue to receive their respective shares of the writers' royalties, which together are 331\u20443% of total commercial proceeds in the US and which vary elsewhere around the world between 50 and 55%. Two of Lennon and McCartney's earliest songs \u2013 \"Love Me Do\" and \"P.S. I Love You\" \u2013 were published by an EMI subsidiary, Ardmore & Beechwood, before they signed with James. McCartney acquired their publishing rights from Ardmore in 1978, and they are the only two Beatles songs owned by McCartney's company MPL Communications. On 18 January 2017, McCartney filed a suit in the United States district court against Sony/ATV Music Publishing seeking to reclaim ownership of his share of the Lennon\u2013McCartney song catalogue beginning in 2018. Under US copyright law, for works published before 1978 the author can reclaim copyrights assigned to a publisher after 56 years. McCartney and Sony agreed to a confidential settlement in June 2017.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Joachim von Ribbentrop",
            "Sino-German alliance",
            "Republic of China",
            "Empire of Japan",
            "de",
            "Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "In February 1938, on the advice of his newly appointed foreign minister, the strongly pro-Japanese Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hitler ended the Sino-German alliance with the Republic of China to instead enter into an alliance with the more modern and powerful Empire of Japan."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Operation Hope Not"
        ],
        "sentence": "Planning for this had begun in 1953 under the code-name of \"Operation Hope Not\" and a detailed plan had been produced by 1958."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "zero-knowledge proof systems",
            "no-cloning theorem",
            "cryptographic"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is also research into how existing cryptographic techniques have to be modified to be able to cope with quantum adversaries. For example, when trying to develop zero-knowledge proof systems that are secure against quantum adversaries, new techniques need to be used: In a classical setting, the analysis of a zero-knowledge proof system usually involves \"rewinding\", a technique that makes it necessary to copy the internal state of the adversary. In a quantum setting, copying a state is not always possible (no-cloning theorem); a variant of the rewinding technique has to be used.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "World War II",
            "or",
            "applied mathematics"
        ],
        "sentence": "The aftermath of World War II led to a surge in the development of applied mathematics in the US and elsewhere."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "period of record growth",
            "second-largest economy",
            "asset price bubble",
            "Lost Decade"
        ],
        "sentence": "A period of record growth propelled Japan to become the second-largest economy in the world; this ended in the mid-1990s after the popping of an asset price bubble, beginning the \"Lost Decade\"."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ranunculaceae",
            "Peonies",
            "Roses",
            "stamen",
            "petals",
            "receptacle",
            "sepals"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although this arrangement is considered \"typical\", plant species show a wide variation in floral structure. The four main parts of a flower are generally defined by their positions on the receptacle and not by their function. Many flowers lack some parts or parts may be modified into other functions or look like what is typically another part. In some families, like Ranunculaceae, the petals are greatly reduced; in many species, the sepals are colorful and petal-like. Other flowers have modified stamens that are petal-like; the double flowers of Peonies and Roses are mostly petaloid stamens.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "deployment of troops to Iraq",
            "World War II",
            "World War I",
            "Wa"
        ],
        "sentence": "The deployment of troops to Iraq and Afghanistan marked the first overseas use of Japan's military since World War II."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "global financial crisis",
            "financial crisis",
            "depression",
            "pl"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some individuals may feel as if we are living in a depression, but for many others the current global financial crisis simply does not feel like a depression akin to the 1930s."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Axis",
            "materiel"
        ],
        "sentence": "During the summer, the Axis made significant gains into Soviet territory, inflicting immense losses in both personnel and materiel."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Iran",
            "petroleum reservoirs",
            "Baku",
            "Caspian Sea",
            "Russia",
            "Ottoman Empire"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Ottoman Empire, with German support, invaded Persia (modern Iran) in December 1914 in an effort to cut off British and Russian access to petroleum reservoirs around Baku near the Caspian Sea."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "neighbouring Ukraine",
            "United States",
            "European Union",
            "United Nations",
            "NATO",
            "Ukrainian",
            "Ukraine"
        ],
        "sentence": "Russia's relations with neighbouring Ukraine and the Western world\u2014especially the United States, the European Union, the United Nations and NATO\u2014have collapsed; especially following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014 and the consequent escalation in 2022."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Golden Age of Hollywood",
            "John Wayne",
            "Marilyn Monroe",
            "Hollywood"
        ],
        "sentence": "The industry enjoyed its golden years, in what is commonly referred to as the \"Golden Age of Hollywood\", from the early sound period until the early 1960s, with screen actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe becoming iconic figures."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Gerhard Weinberg",
            "Austria-Hungary",
            "Russia",
            "Eastern Europe",
            "Hungary",
            "Europe",
            "Austria",
            "World War\u00a0I",
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "It has been argued \u2013 for instance by historian Gerhard Weinberg in his book A World at Arms \u2013 that the treaty was in fact quite advantageous to Germany. The Bismarckian Reich was maintained as a political unit instead of being broken up, and Germany largely escaped post-war military occupation (in contrast to the situation following World War\u00a0II). In a 1995 essay, Weinberg noted that with the disappearance of Austria-Hungary and with Russia withdrawn from Europe, that Germany was now the dominant power in Eastern Europe.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "olfactory bulb",
            "olfactory mucosa",
            "Jacobson's organ",
            "flehmening",
            "pheromones",
            "3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol",
            "urine spraying",
            "scent glands",
            "nepetalactone",
            "catnip",
            "Actinidia polygama",
            "valerian"
        ],
        "sentence": "Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their well-developed olfactory bulb and a large surface of olfactory mucosa, about 5.8 square centimetres (29\u204432 square inch) in area, which is about twice that of humans. Cats and many other animals have a Jacobson's organ in their mouths that is used in the behavioral process of flehmening. It allows them to sense certain aromas in a way that humans cannot. Cats are sensitive to pheromones such as 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol, which they use to communicate through urine spraying and marking with scent glands. Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain nepetalactone, especially catnip, as they can detect that substance at less than one part per billion. About 70\u201380% of cats are affected by nepetalactone. This response is also produced by other plants, such as silver vine (Actinidia polygama) and the herb valerian; it may be caused by the smell of these plants mimicking a pheromone and stimulating cats' social or sexual behaviors.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "European Union",
            "Russian invasion of Ukraine",
            "invasion of Ukraine",
            "Russian",
            "Ukraine"
        ],
        "sentence": "For example, over the last decade, Russia's share of supplies to total European Union (including the United Kingdom) gas demand increased from 25% in 2009 to 32% in the weeks before the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Charles Bronson",
            "Bonnie and Clyde",
            "Easy Rider",
            "The Exorcist",
            "Jaws",
            "The Godfather",
            "Apocalypse Now",
            "Taxi Driver",
            "2001: A Space Odyssey",
            "Chinatown",
            "American Graffiti",
            "Star Wars",
            "blockbuster",
            "China",
            "studios",
            "New Hollywood",
            "Hollywood",
            "action"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the height of his fame in the early 1970s, Charles Bronson was the world's No. 1 box office attraction, commanding $1 million per film. In the 1970s, the films of New Hollywood filmmakers were often both critically acclaimed and commercially successful. While the early New Hollywood films like Bonnie and Clyde and Easy Rider had been relatively low-budget affairs with amoral heroes and increased sexuality and violence, the enormous success enjoyed by Friedkin with The Exorcist, Spielberg with Jaws, Coppola with The Godfather and Apocalypse Now, Scorsese with Taxi Driver, Kubrick with 2001: A Space Odyssey, Polanski with Chinatown, and Lucas with American Graffiti and Star Wars, respectively helped to give rise to the modern \"blockbuster\", and induced studios to focus ever more heavily on trying to produce enormous hits.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Chien-Shiung Wu",
            "entanglement swapping",
            "polarization",
            "spooky action at a distance",
            "action at a distance",
            "correlation",
            "photons"
        ],
        "sentence": "The first experiment that verified Einstein's spooky action at a distance (entanglement) was successfully corroborated in a lab by Chien-Shiung Wu and colleague I. Shaknov in 1949, and was published on New Year's Day in 1950. The result specifically proved the quantum correlations of a pair of photons. In experiments in 2012 and 2013, polarization correlation was created between photons that never coexisted in time. The authors claimed that this result was achieved by entanglement swapping between two pairs of entangled photons after measuring the polarization of one photon of the early pair, and that it proves that quantum non-locality applies not only to space but also to time.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Islam in Japan"
        ],
        "sentence": "About 90% of those practicing Islam in Japan are foreign-born migrants as of 2016."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Russian Orthodox Church",
            "Patriarch Sergius",
            "Anna Akhmatova",
            "Dmitri Shostakovich",
            "The Internationale",
            "national anthem",
            "a more patriotic song",
            "Pan-Slavist",
            "cosmopolitanism",
            "nationalism",
            "Leninist",
            "Russian Orthodox",
            "Jews"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Soviets allied with the United Kingdom and United States; although the U.S. joined the war against Germany in 1941, little direct American assistance reached the Soviets until late 1942. Responding to the invasion, the Soviets intensified their industrial enterprises in central Russia, focusing almost entirely on production for the military. They achieved high levels of industrial productivity, outstripping that of Germany. During the war, Stalin was more tolerant of the Russian Orthodox Church, allowing it to resume some of its activities and meeting with Patriarch Sergius in September 1943. He also permitted a wider range of cultural expression, notably permitting formerly suppressed writers and artists like Anna Akhmatova and Dmitri Shostakovich to disperse their work more widely. The Internationale was dropped as the country's national anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song. The government increasingly promoted Pan-Slavist sentiment, while encouraging increased criticism of cosmopolitanism, particularly the idea of \"rootless cosmopolitanism\", an approach with particular repercussions for Soviet Jews. Comintern was dissolved in 1943, and Stalin encouraged foreign Marxist\u2013Leninist parties to emphasise nationalism over internationalism to broaden their domestic appeal.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Newton's law of universal gravitation",
            "Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia Mathematica",
            "action at a distance",
            "Richard Bentley",
            "vector",
            "gravitational field",
            "classical field theory",
            "action",
            "fields"
        ],
        "sentence": "The earliest successful classical field theory is one that emerged from Newton's law of universal gravitation, despite the complete absence of the concept of fields from his 1687 treatise Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The force of gravity as described by Newton is an \"action at a distance\"\u2014its effects on faraway objects are instantaneous, no matter the distance. In an exchange of letters with Richard Bentley, however, Newton stated that \"it is inconceivable that inanimate brute matter should, without the mediation of something else which is not material, operate upon and affect other matter without mutual contact.\" It was not until the 18th century that mathematical physicists discovered a convenient description of gravity based on fields\u2014a numerical quantity (a vector in the case of gravitational field) assigned to every point in space indicating the action of gravity on any particle at that point. However, this was considered merely a mathematical trick.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "socialism"
        ],
        "sentence": "Although retaining the Marxist belief that the state would wither away as socialism transformed into pure communism, he believed that the Soviet state would remain until the final defeat of international capitalism."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Riemann curvature tensor",
            "curvature",
            "Ricci tensor"
        ],
        "sentence": "is the curvature scalar. The Ricci tensor itself is related to the more general Riemann curvature tensor as\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kiev",
            "Kievan Rus'"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the 10th to 11th centuries, Kievan Rus' became one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "economic depression",
            "stock",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "James"
        ],
        "sentence": "title=\"James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.\">James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. He learned that federal patronage alone, without White House support, could not defeat a strong local organization."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ceremonies",
            "Imperial Regalia",
            "Three Sacred Treasures"
        ],
        "sentence": "In November 1928, the Emperor's accession was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui) which are conventionally identified as \"enthronement\" and \"coronation\" (Sh\u014dwa no tairei-shiki); but this formal event would have been more accurately described as a public confirmation that he possessed the Japanese Imperial Regalia, also called the Three Sacred Treasures, which have been handed down through the centuries. However his enthronment were planned and staged under the economic conditions of a recession whereas the 55th Imperial Diet unanimously passed $7,360,000 for the festivities.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Germany",
            "art"
        ],
        "sentence": "Economic instability, caused in part by debts incurred in the First World War and 'loans' to Germany played havoc in Europe in the late 1920s and 1930s."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Council of Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Council of Europe was founded in 1948 with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals and prevent future wars."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Puyi",
            "Chinese Emperor",
            "Qing Dynasty",
            "Kwantung Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "It was nominally ruled by Puyi, the last Chinese Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, but was in fact controlled by the Japanese military, in particular the Kwantung Army."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "\u00c9tienne Mantoux"
        ],
        "sentence": "French economist \u00c9tienne Mantoux disputed that analysis."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Academy Awards",
            "Mike Myers",
            "Austin Powers",
            "Roger Moore",
            "Daniel Craig",
            "James Bond 007",
            "Ed O'Neill",
            "Married ... with Children",
            "Dead End Kids",
            "Hollywood Boulevard",
            "Hollywood"
        ],
        "sentence": "Locations of individual stars are not necessarily arbitrary. Stars of many particularly well-known celebrities are found in front of the TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre. Oscar-winners' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre, site of the annual Academy Awards presentations. Locations are occasionally chosen for ironic or humorous reasons: Mike Myers's star lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique, an association with his Austin Powers roles; Roger Moore's star and Daniel Craig's star are located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of their titular role in the James Bond 007 film series; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character's occupation on the TV show Married ... with Children; and the last star, at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Western Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stalin was impatient for the UK and U.S. to open up a Western Front to take the pressure off of the East; they eventually did so in mid-1944."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "German"
        ],
        "sentence": "Schmitt argued \"had the four Allies remained united, they could have forced Germany really to disarm, and the German will and capacity to resist other provisions of the treaty would have correspondingly diminished.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "fusion",
            "Chinese",
            "Western",
            "Japanese"
        ],
        "sentence": "Japanese philosophy has historically been a fusion of both foreign, particularly Chinese and Western, and uniquely Japanese elements."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pearl Harbor"
        ],
        "sentence": "A photo taken by a Japanese naval aviator of Battleship Row during the Attack on Pearl Harbor was declassified in the 1990s and publicized in the 2000s to the public."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "occupied Belgium",
            "France",
            "Luxembourg",
            "Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland",
            "armistice",
            "Belgium",
            "Allied forces"
        ],
        "sentence": "The terms of the armistice called for an immediate evacuation of German troops from occupied Belgium, France, and Luxembourg within fifteen days.\nIn addition, it established that Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland. In late 1918, Allied troops entered Germany and began the occupation.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "classical antiquity",
            "Asia",
            "Mediterranean Sea"
        ],
        "sentence": "Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in classical antiquity, but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from the Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "heart disease",
            "stroke",
            "diabetes mellitus",
            "long-term health effects",
            "alcoholism",
            "alcoholic liver disease",
            "Alcoholism",
            "alcohol",
            "alcohol abuse",
            "alcohol dependence",
            "withdrawal",
            "alcohol tolerance",
            "condition",
            "ethanol"
        ],
        "sentence": "A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis found that moderate ethanol consumption brought no mortality benefit compared with lifetime abstention from ethanol consumption. Some studies have concluded that drinking small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men, per day) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and early death. Some of these studies combined former ethanol drinkers and lifelong abstainers into a single group of nondrinkers, which hides the health benefits of lifelong abstention from ethanol. The long-term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholism, also known as \"alcohol use disorder\", is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in problems. It was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions are present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use. Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years and alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States. No professional medical association recommends that people who are nondrinkers should start drinking alcoholic beverages. In the United States, a total of 3.3 million deaths per year (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "assumption of death",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "Hitler's demise was entered as an assumption of death based on this testimony."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "discrimination",
            "public ignorance",
            "radiotherapy",
            "anxiety",
            "somatization",
            "radiation",
            "Nagasaki",
            "birth defects",
            "Hiroshima",
            "hibakusha"
        ],
        "sentence": "If they discuss their background, hibakusha and their children were (and still are) victims of fear-based discrimination and exclusion for marriage or work due to public ignorance; much of the public persist with the belief that the hibakusha carry some hereditary or even contagious disease. This is despite the fact that no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects/congenital malformations was found among the later conceived children born to survivors of the nuclear weapons used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or indeed has been found in the later conceived children of cancer survivors who had previously received radiotherapy.\nThe surviving women of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, that could conceive, who were exposed to substantial amounts of radiation, went on and had children with no higher incidence of abnormalities/birth defects than the rate which is observed in the Japanese average.\nA study of the long-term psychological effects of the bombings on the survivors found that even 17\u201320 years after the bombings had occurred survivors showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "unknown",
            "area",
            "or"
        ],
        "sentence": "These applications may be completely outside their initial area of mathematics, and may concern physical phenomena that were completely unknown when the mathematical theory was introduced."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Thomas E. Dewey",
            "1944 election",
            "John W. Bricker",
            "Republican",
            "John",
            "United Nations",
            "popular vote"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Republicans nominated Thomas E. Dewey, the governor of New York, who had a reputation as a liberal in his party. They accused the Roosevelt administration of domestic corruption and bureaucratic inefficiency, but Dewey's most effective gambit was to raise discreetly the age issue. He assailed the President as a \"tired old man\" with \"tired old men\" in his cabinet, pointedly suggesting that the President's lack of vigor had produced a less than vigorous economic recovery. Roosevelt, as most observers could see from his weight loss and haggard appearance, was a tired man in 1944. But upon entering the campaign in earnest in late September 1944, Roosevelt displayed enough passion and fight to allay most concerns and to deflect Republican attacks. With the war still raging, he urged voters not to \"change horses in mid-stream.\" Labor unions, which had grown rapidly in the war, fully supported Roosevelt. Roosevelt and Truman won the 1944 election by a comfortable margin, defeating Dewey and his running mate John W. Bricker with 53.4% of the popular vote and 432 out of the 531 electoral votes. The president campaigned in favor of a strong United Nations, so his victory symbolized support for the nation's future participation in the international community.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "schizophrenia",
            "hypocenter"
        ],
        "sentence": "Many other investigations into cognitive outcomes, such as schizophrenia as a result of prenatal exposure, have been conducted with \"no statistically significant linear relationship seen\". There is a suggestion that in the most extremely exposed, those who survived within a kilometer or so of the hypocenters, a trend emerges akin to that seen in SMR, though the sample size is too small to determine with any significance.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "animal worship",
            "nature worship",
            "unclean"
        ],
        "sentence": "For some the basis of animal rights is in religion or animal worship (or in general nature worship), with some religions banning killing of any animal, and in other religions animals can be considered unclean.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "algebraic structure",
            "algebra"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some types of algebraic structures have useful and often fundamental properties, in many areas of mathematics. Their study became autonomous parts of algebra, and include:\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "density matrices"
        ],
        "sentence": "Following the definition above, for a bipartite composite system, mixed states are just density matrices on HA \u2297 HB. That is, it has the general form\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "studio system",
            "Movie Ranches",
            "location shooting",
            "westerns",
            "California",
            "studios",
            "Southern California"
        ],
        "sentence": "Motion picture companies operated under the studio system. The major studios kept thousands of people on salary\u2014actors, producers, directors, writers, stunt men, crafts persons, and technicians. They owned or leased Movie Ranches in rural Southern California for location shooting of westerns and other large-scale genre films, and the major studios owned hundreds of theaters in cities and towns across the nation in 1920 film theaters that showed their films and that were always in need of fresh material.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Grenadier Guards",
            "Western Front"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill decided to join the Army and was attached to the 2nd Grenadier Guards, on the Western Front."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Belgium"
        ],
        "sentence": "Belgium maintained an occupation force of roughly 10,000 troops throughout the initial years.\nThis figure fell to 7,102 by 1926, and continued to fall as a result of diplomatic developments.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Reichskommissariat Norwegen",
            "Quisling regime",
            "Vidkun Quisling",
            "during the occupation",
            "Haakon VII",
            "government were in exile",
            "in the Waffen-SS",
            "Norwegian resistance movement",
            "Nasjonal Samling",
            "resistance during World War II",
            "Quisling and other collaborators were executed",
            "eponym",
            "traitor",
            "World War I",
            "World War II"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Norway, under Reichskommissariat Norwegen, the Quisling regime, headed by Vidkun Quisling, was installed by the Germans as a client regime during the occupation, while king Haakon VII and the legal government were in exile. Quisling encouraged Norwegians to serve as volunteers in the Waffen-SS, collaborated in the deportation of Jews, and was responsible for the executions of members of the Norwegian resistance movement. About 45,000 Norwegian collaborators joined the pro-Nazi party Nasjonal Samling (National Union), and some police units helped arrest many Jews. However, Norway was one of the first countries where resistance during World War II was widespread before the turning point of the war in 1943. After the war, Quisling and other collaborators were executed. Quisling's name has become an international eponym for traitor.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Bank of United States",
            "United States"
        ],
        "sentence": "Among the 608 American banks that closed in November and December 1930, the Bank of United States accounted for a third of the total $550 million deposits lost and, with its closure, bank failures reached a critical mass."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "Contrary to Ribbentrop's prediction that Britain would sever Anglo-Polish ties, Britain and Poland signed the Anglo-Polish alliance on 25 August 1939."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Corded Ware",
            "Chalcolithic"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Corded Ware cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "conception",
            "Gy",
            "human embryo",
            "miscarriages",
            "radiosensitive",
            "radiation"
        ],
        "sentence": "While during the preimplantation period, that is one to ten days following conception, intrauterine radiation exposure of \"at least 0.2 Gy\" can cause complications of implantation and death of the human embryo. The number of miscarriages caused by the radiation from the bombings, during this radiosensitive period, is not known.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Hinduism",
            "Buddhism",
            "Republic of Kalmykia",
            "Republic",
            "Russia",
            "Other"
        ],
        "sentence": "Other religions practiced in Europe include Hinduism and Buddhism, are minority religions (though Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion of Russia's Republic of Kalmykia)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Prime Minister",
            "Minister of Foreign Affairs",
            "President",
            "Office for Foreign Relations and Information",
            "foreign intelligence",
            "espionage",
            "NATO",
            "Europe",
            "European Union",
            "Czech"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs have primary roles in setting foreign policy, although the President also has influence and represents the country abroad. Membership in the European Union and NATO is central to the Czech Republic's foreign policy. The Office for Foreign Relations and Information (\u00daZSI) serves as the foreign intelligence agency responsible for espionage and foreign policy briefings, as well as protection of Czech Republic's embassies abroad.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "cumulative reward",
            "actions"
        ],
        "sentence": "A basic reinforcement learning agent AI interacts with its environment in discrete time steps. At each time t, the agent receives the current state \n\n\n\n\ns\n\nt\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle s_{t}}\n\n and reward \n\n\n\n\nr\n\nt\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r_{t}}\n\n. It then chooses an action \n\n\n\n\na\n\nt\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a_{t}}\n\n from the set of available actions, which is subsequently sent to the environment. The environment moves to a new state \n\n\n\n\ns\n\nt\n+\n1\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle s_{t+1}}\n\n and the reward \n\n\n\n\nr\n\nt\n+\n1\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r_{t+1}}\n\n associated with the transition \n\n\n\n(\n\ns\n\nt\n\n\n,\n\na\n\nt\n\n\n,\n\ns\n\nt\n+\n1\n\n\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle (s_{t},a_{t},s_{t+1})}\n\n is determined. The goal of a reinforcement learning agent is to learn a policy: \n\n\n\n\u03c0\n:\nA\n\u00d7\nS\n\u2192\n[\n0\n,\n1\n]\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\pi :A\\times S\\rightarrow [0,1]}\n\n, \n\n\n\n\u03c0\n(\na\n,\ns\n)\n=\nPr\n(\n\na\n\nt\n\n\n=\na\n\u2223\n\ns\n\nt\n\n\n=\ns\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\pi (a,s)=\\Pr(a_{t}=a\\mid s_{t}=s)}\n\n which maximizes the expected cumulative reward.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Imperial Japanese Army Air Service",
            "Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service",
            "Japanese Army"
        ],
        "sentence": "That month, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service stopped attempting to intercept the air raids to preserve fighter aircraft to counter the expected invasion."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Fats Domino",
            "Newsweek",
            "Rolling Stone",
            "Change of Habit",
            "From Memphis to Vegas/From Vegas to Memphis",
            "U.S. pop number-one",
            "Memphis",
            "pop",
            "Can't Help Falling in Love",
            "Suspicious Minds",
            "rock and roll",
            "Elvis"
        ],
        "sentence": "Presley took to the stage without introduction. The audience of 2,200, including many celebrities, gave him a standing ovation before he sang a note and another after his performance. A third followed his encore, \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" (a song that would be his closing number for much of his remaining life). At a press conference after the show, when a journalist referred to him as \"The King\", Presley gestured toward Fats Domino, who was taking in the scene. \"No,\" Presley said, \"that's the real king of rock and roll.\" The next day, Parker's negotiations with the hotel resulted in a five-year contract for Presley to play each February and August, at an annual salary of $1\u00a0million. Newsweek commented, \"There are several unbelievable things about Elvis, but the most incredible is his staying power in a world where meteoric careers fade like shooting stars.\" Rolling Stone called Presley \"supernatural, his own resurrection.\" In November, Presley's final non-concert film, Change of Habit, opened. The double album From Memphis to Vegas/From Vegas to Memphis came out the same month; the first LP consisted of live performances from the International, the second of more cuts from the American Sound sessions. \"Suspicious Minds\" reached the top of the charts\u2014Presley's first U.S. pop number-one in over seven years, and his last.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Sarah"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 7 October, Clementine gave birth to their third child, Sarah."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.",
            "David Wyman",
            "Harvard University",
            "Rafael Medoff",
            "German",
            "Kristallnacht"
        ],
        "sentence": "There is controversy among historians about Roosevelt's attitude to Jews and the Holocaust. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. says Roosevelt \"did what he could do\" to help Jews; David Wyman says Roosevelt's record on Jewish refugees and their rescue is \"very poor\" and one of the worst failures of his presidency. In 1923, as a member of the Harvard board of directors, Roosevelt decided there were too many Jewish students at Harvard University and helped institute a quota to limit the number of Jews admitted to Harvard. After Kristallnacht in 1938, Roosevelt had his ambassador to Germany recalled back to Washington. He did not loosen immigration quotas but did allow German Jews already in the US on visas to stay indefinitely. According to Rafael Medoff, the US president could have saved 190,000 Jewish lives by telling his State Department to fill immigration quotas to the legal limit, but his administration discouraged and disqualified Jewish refugees based on its prohibitive requirements that left less than 25% of the quotas filled.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Togoland",
            "Kamerun",
            "South-West Africa",
            "German East Africa",
            "Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck",
            "guerrilla warfare",
            "Europe",
            "Africa"
        ],
        "sentence": "Some of the first clashes of the war involved British, French, and German colonial forces in Africa. On 6\u20137 August, French and British troops invaded the German protectorate of Togoland and Kamerun. On 10 August, German forces in South-West Africa attacked South Africa; sporadic and fierce fighting continued for the rest of the war. The German colonial forces in German East Africa, led by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, fought a guerrilla warfare campaign during World War\u00a0I and only surrendered two weeks after the armistice took effect in Europe.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "2010 census",
            "2021 census"
        ],
        "sentence": "It had a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census, which rose to 144.7 million as of the 2021 census (excluding Crimea and Sevastopol)."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "radiation",
            "conception"
        ],
        "sentence": "However outside this period, at less than 8 weeks and greater than 26 after conception, \"there is no evidence of a radiation-related effect on scholastic performance.\""
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Harvard University"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1923, as a member of the Harvard board of directors, Roosevelt decided there were too many Jewish students at Harvard University and helped institute a quota to limit the number of Jews admitted to Harvard."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Ian Kershaw",
            "de"
        ],
        "sentence": "While Hitler did not describe exactly how this was to be accomplished, his \"inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable\", according to Ian Kershaw."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Central Europe",
            "Czechoslovakia",
            "Upper Silesia",
            "Europe"
        ],
        "sentence": "In Central Europe Germany was to recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia (which had actually been controlled by Austria) and cede parts of the province of Upper Silesia."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "symbiotic relationships",
            "biotic"
        ],
        "sentence": "While many such symbiotic relationships remain too fragile to survive competition with mainland organisms, flowers proved to be an unusually effective means of production, spreading (whatever their actual origin) to become the dominant form of land plant life.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "First Amendment",
            "free exercise",
            "establishment",
            "largest Christian population",
            "Christian",
            "Catholic",
            "mainline Protestant",
            "evangelical",
            "praying",
            "largest",
            "services",
            "law"
        ],
        "sentence": "The First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids Congress from passing laws respecting its establishment. The country has the world's largest Christian population and a majority of Americans identify as Christian, predominately Catholic, mainline Protestant, or evangelical. According to Gallup in the early 2020s, 58% and 17% reporting praying often or sometimes, respectively, 46% and 26% reporting that religion plays a very important or fairly important role, respectively, in their lives. Most Americans do not regularly attend religious services and have low confidence in religious institutions.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Atlantic Ocean",
            "naval operation",
            "Kaiserliche Marine",
            "German Bight",
            "commerce raiders",
            "unrestricted submarine warfare",
            "Allied Powers",
            "Central Powers"
        ],
        "sentence": "Both Germany and Great Britain were dependent on imports of food and raw materials, most of which had to be shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. The Blockade of Germany (1914\u20131919) was a naval operation conducted by the Allied Powers to stop the supply of raw materials and foodstuffs reaching the Central Powers. The German Kaiserliche Marine was mainly restricted to the German Bight and used commerce raiders and unrestricted submarine warfare for a counter-blockade. The German Board of Public Health in December 1918 stated that 763,000 German civilians had died during the Allied blockade, although an academic study in 1928 put the death toll at 424,000 people.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "toxic effects",
            "biomolecular targets",
            "off-targets",
            "toxic effects",
            "biomolecular target"
        ],
        "sentence": "A large percentage of candidate drugs fail to win regulatory approval. These failures are caused by insufficient efficacy (on-target effect), undesired interactions (off-target effects), or unanticipated toxic effects. Research has explored use of deep learning to predict the biomolecular targets, off-targets, and toxic effects of environmental chemicals in nutrients, household products and drugs.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Reims",
            "the Allies accepted Germany's surrender",
            "Victory in Europe Day",
            "Buckingham Palace",
            "Whitehall",
            "SHAEF"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 7 May 1945 at the SHAEF headquarters in Reims the Allies accepted Germany's surrender. The next day was Victory in Europe Day (VE Day) when Churchill broadcast to the nation that Germany had surrendered and that a final ceasefire on all fronts in Europe would come into effect at one minute past midnight that night (i.e., on 9 May). Afterwards, Churchill went to Buckingham Palace where he appeared on the balcony with the Royal Family before a huge crowd of celebrating citizens. He went from the palace to Whitehall where he addressed another large crowd: \"God bless you all. This is your victory. In our long history, we have never seen a greater day than this. Everyone, man or woman, has done their best\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of Verdun"
        ],
        "sentence": "In February 1916 the Germans attacked French defensive positions at the Battle of Verdun, lasting until December 1916. The Germans made initial gains, before French counter-attacks returned matters to near their starting point. Casualties were greater for the French, but the Germans bled heavily as well, with anywhere from 700,000 to 975,000 casualties suffered between the two combatants. Verdun became a symbol of French determination and self-sacrifice.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "USTC",
            "Boson sampling",
            "photonic quantum computer",
            "Jiuzhang",
            "quantum supremacy",
            "ion",
            "computer"
        ],
        "sentence": "In December 2020, a group at USTC implemented a type of Boson sampling on 76 photons with a photonic quantum computer, Jiuzhang, to demonstrate quantum supremacy. The authors claim that a classical contemporary supercomputer would require a computational time of 600 million years to generate the number of samples their quantum processor can generate in 20 seconds.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Geoff Hinton",
            "Ruslan Salakhutdinov",
            "Teh",
            "feedforward neural network",
            "restricted Boltzmann machine",
            "fine-tuning",
            "backpropagation",
            "Hinton",
            "unsupervised",
            "supervised"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 2006, publications by Geoff Hinton, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Osindero and Teh showed how a many-layered feedforward neural network could be effectively pre-trained one layer at a time, treating each layer in turn as an unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machine, then fine-tuning it using supervised backpropagation. The papers referred to learning for deep belief nets.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "reduced",
            "polynomial time",
            "quantum computer",
            "computer",
            "BQP",
            "P"
        ],
        "sentence": "A problem is BQP-complete if it is in BQP and any problem in BQP can be reduced to it in polynomial time. Informally, the class of BQP-complete problems are those that are as hard as the hardest problems in BQP and are themselves efficiently solvable by a quantum computer (with bounded error).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Wall Street",
            "United States",
            "Britain"
        ],
        "sentence": "To pay for purchases in the United States, Britain cashed in its extensive investments in American railroads and then began borrowing heavily from Wall Street."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "election campaign",
            "Lord Beaverbrook"
        ],
        "sentence": "Churchill mishandled the election campaign by resorting to party politics and trying to denigrate Labour. On 4 June, he committed a serious political gaffe by saying in a radio broadcast that a Labour government would require \"some form of Gestapo\" to enforce its agenda. It backfired badly and Attlee made political capital by saying in his reply broadcast next day: \"The voice we heard last night was that of Mr Churchill, but the mind was that of Lord Beaverbrook\". Jenkins says that this broadcast was \"the making of Attlee\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Battle of the Frontiers",
            "Alsace-Lorraine",
            "offensive"
        ],
        "sentence": "At the same time, the French offensive in Alsace-Lorraine was a disastrous failure, with casualties exceeding 260,000, including 27,000 killed on 22 August during the Battle of the Frontiers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Thales' theorem",
            "Thales of Miletus",
            "right angle",
            "proved",
            "Euclid"
        ],
        "sentence": "Thales' theorem, named after Thales of Miletus states that if A, B, and C are points on a circle where the line AC is a diameter of the circle, then the angle ABC is a right angle. Cantor supposed that Thales proved his theorem by means of Euclid Book I, Prop. 32 after the manner of Euclid Book III, Prop. 31.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Tripartite Pact"
        ],
        "sentence": "It also proposed to adopt an independent interpretation of the Tripartite Pact and to refrain from trade discrimination, provided all other nations reciprocated."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Empress Josephine",
            "Malmaison",
            "cultivars",
            "Loddiges",
            "Abney Park Cemetery",
            "sand",
            "garden",
            "plant",
            "species"
        ],
        "sentence": "In the early 19th century the Empress Josephine of France patronized the development of rose breeding at her gardens at Malmaison. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "human rights in Russia",
            "human rights groups",
            "human rights",
            "democracy"
        ],
        "sentence": "Violations of human rights in Russia have been increasingly criticised by leading democracy and human rights groups."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "court packing"
        ],
        "sentence": "Roosevelt's \"court packing\" plan ran into intense political opposition from his own party, led by Vice President Garner since it upset the separation of powers."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Peter Debye",
            "quantum mechanics",
            "matter",
            "classical mechanics",
            "space"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1907, Einstein proposed a model of matter where each atom in a lattice structure is an independent harmonic oscillator. In the Einstein model, each atom oscillates independently\u2014a series of equally spaced quantized states for each oscillator. Einstein was aware that getting the frequency of the actual oscillations would be difficult, but he nevertheless proposed this theory because it was a particularly clear demonstration that quantum mechanics could solve the specific heat problem in classical mechanics. Peter Debye refined this model.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Pentos",
            "Viserys Targaryen",
            "Harry Lloyd",
            "Daenerys Targaryen",
            "Emilia Clarke",
            "Khal Drogo",
            "Jason Momoa",
            "Dothraki",
            "Jorah Mormont",
            "Iain Glen",
            "Missandei",
            "Nathalie Emmanuel",
            "Daario Naharis",
            "Michiel Huisman",
            "Grey Worm",
            "Jacob Anderson",
            "mercenary"
        ],
        "sentence": "Across the Narrow Sea in Pentos, siblings Viserys Targaryen (Harry Lloyd) and Daenerys Targaryen (Emilia Clarke) (colloquially referred to as \"Dany\") are in exile, with the former plotting to reclaim his father's throne. Daenerys is forced into marrying Khal Drogo (Jason Momoa), a leader of the nomadic Dothraki. Her retinue eventually comes to include the exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont (Iain Glen), her aide Missandei (Nathalie Emmanuel), mercenary Daario Naharis (Michiel Huisman), and elite soldier Grey Worm (Jacob Anderson).\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Secretary of War",
            "Henry L. Stimson",
            "Kyoto"
        ],
        "sentence": "...\u00a0the only person deserving credit for saving Kyoto from destruction is Henry L. Stimson, the Secretary of War at the time, who had known and admired Kyoto ever since his honeymoon there several decades earlier. "
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "home consoles",
            "Electronic Arts",
            "Star Wars",
            "Lucasfilm",
            "Expanded Universe",
            "Disney"
        ],
        "sentence": "The Star Wars franchise has spawned over one hundred computer, video, and board games, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles. Some are based directly on the movie material, while others rely heavily on the non-canonical Expanded Universe (rebranded as Star Wars Legends and removed from the canon in 2014). Star Wars games have gone through three significant development eras, marked by a change in leadership among the developers: the early licensed games, those developed after the creation of LucasArts, and those created after the closure of the Lucasfilm division by Disney and the transfer of the license to Electronic Arts.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Henry Sidgwick"
        ],
        "sentence": "His position is that there is no reason not to give equal consideration to the interests of human and nonhumans, though his principle of equality does not require identical treatment. A mouse and a man both have an interest in not being kicked, and there are no moral or logical grounds for failing to accord those interests equal weight. Interests are predicated on the ability to suffer, nothing more, and once it is established that a being has interests, those interests must be given equal consideration. Singer quotes the English philosopher Henry Sidgwick (1838\u20131900): \"The good of any one individual is of no more importance, from the point of view\u00a0... of the Universe, than the good of any other.\"\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Christian Goldbach",
            "prove"
        ],
        "sentence": "Stated in 1742 by Christian Goldbach, it remains unproven despite considerable effort."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Greek mathematician",
            "Euclid",
            "geometry",
            "Elements",
            "axioms",
            "propositions",
            "theorems",
            "logical system",
            "proved"
        ],
        "sentence": "Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements. Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had been stated earlier, Euclid was the first to organize these propositions into a logical system in which each result is proved from axioms and previously proved theorems.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "mathematics education",
            "mathematical analysis",
            "functions",
            "Latin",
            "diminutive",
            "calx",
            "persists in medicine",
            "abacus",
            "mathematical",
            "limit"
        ],
        "sentence": "In mathematics education, calculus denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis, which are mainly devoted to the study of functions and limits. The word calculus is Latin for \"small pebble\" (the diminutive of calx, meaning \"stone\"), a meaning which still persists in medicine. Because such pebbles were used for counting out distances, tallying votes, and doing abacus arithmetic, the word came to mean a method of computation. In this sense, it was used in English at least as early as 1672, several years prior to the publications of Leibniz and Newton.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Spanish armada",
            "England"
        ],
        "sentence": "In 1588, a Spanish armada failed to invade England."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk",
            "Bolshevik",
            "Bolsheviks"
        ],
        "sentence": "Lenin eventually convinced the other senior Bolsheviks of his viewpoint, resulting in the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "space and time"
        ],
        "sentence": "The interweaving of space and time revokes the implicitly assumed concepts of absolute simultaneity and synchronization across non-comoving frames.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Kionga Triangle"
        ],
        "sentence": "The treaty recognized Portuguese sovereignty over these areas and awarded her small portions of Germany's bordering overseas colonies, including the Kionga Triangle."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Rhineland Republic",
            "Rhine"
        ],
        "sentence": "A complete withdrawal was considered, but rejected in order to maintain a presence to continue acting as a check on French ambitions and prevent the establishment of an autonomous Rhineland Republic."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "computer program",
            "Apery's theorem",
            "Roger Apery",
            "or",
            "theorems",
            "rigor"
        ],
        "sentence": "The validity of a mathematical theorem relies only on the rigor of its proof, which could theoretically be done automatically by a computer program. This does not mean that there is no place for creativity in a mathematical work. On the contrary, many important mathematical results (theorems) are solutions of problems that other mathematicians failed to solve, and the invention of a way for solving them may be a fundamental way of the solving process. An extreme example is Apery's theorem: Roger Apery provided only the ideas for a proof, and the formal proof was given only several months later by three other mathematicians.\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "economic recovery and expansion"
        ],
        "sentence": "Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "Soviet Union"
        ],
        "sentence": "Within the Soviet Union, there was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin's government."
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "physical geography",
            "classical antiquity",
            "Herman Moll",
            "Irtysh River",
            "Ob River",
            "Arctic Ocean",
            "art",
            "Caucasus Mountains",
            "Turkish straits",
            "Asia",
            "Mediterranean Sea",
            "continent"
        ],
        "sentence": "The term \"continent\" usually implies the physical geography of a large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in classical antiquity, but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from the Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges. Cartographer Herman Moll suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the Irtysh River draining into the upper part of the Ob River and the Arctic Ocean. In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term \"continent\".\n"
    },
    {
        "keywords": [
            "ultimatum",
            "Serbia"
        ],
        "sentence": "On 23\u00a0July, Austria delivered an ultimatum to Serbia, listing ten demands made intentionally unacceptable to provide an excuse for starting hostilities."
    }
]