Uralic languages Estonian Finnish Hungarian Erzya Komi Mari Moksha Udmurt Estonia Finland Hungary Turkic languages Azerbaijani Kazakh Turkish Balkan Gagauz Turkish Bashkir Chuvash Crimean Tatar Karachay-Balkar Kumyk Nogai Tatar Kartvelian languages Georgian Mingrelian Svan Georgia Northeast Caucasian Chechen Avar Lezgin Northwest Caucasian Adyghe Maltese Semitic language Basque language isolate art Turkic Russia Eastern East Indo-European Northwest language Caucasus
A distinct non-Indo-European family of Uralic languages (Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Erzya, Komi, Mari, Moksha and Udmurt) is spoken mainly in Estonia, Finland, Hungary and parts of Russia. Turkic languages include Azerbaijani, Kazakh and Turkish, in addition to smaller languages in Eastern and Southeast Europe (Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Bashkir, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Nogai and Tatar). Kartvelian languages (Georgian, Mingrelian and Svan) are spoken primarily in Georgia. Two other language families reside in the North Caucasus (termed Northeast Caucasian, most notably including Chechen, Avar and Lezgin; and Northwest Caucasian, most notably including Adyghe). Maltese is the only Semitic language that is official within the EU, while Basque is the only European language isolate.
