realists Peredvizhniki Ivan Kramskoy Ilya Repin Vasiliy Perov symbolism Mikhail Vrubel Nicholas Roerich Russian avant-garde El Lissitzky Kazimir Malevich Natalia Goncharova Wassily Kandinsky Marc Chagall painting Russian
In the 1860s, a group of critical realists (Peredvizhniki), led by Ivan Kramskoy, Ilya Repin and Vasiliy Perov broke with the academy, and portrayed the many-sided aspects of social life in paintings. The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Nicholas Roerich. The Russian avant-garde flourished from approximately 1890 to 1930; and globally influential artists from this era were El Lissitzky, Kazimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharova, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marc Chagall.
