machine learning long short-term memory connectionist temporal classification Alex Graves Jürgen Schmidhuber pattern recognition handwriting recognition Google smartphone Schmidhuber speech recognition LSTM
In the late 2000s, deep learning started to outperform other methods in machine learning competitions.
In 2009, a long short-term memory trained by connectionist temporal classification (Alex Graves, Santiago Fernández, Faustino Gomez, and Jürgen Schmidhuber, 2006) was the first RNN to win pattern recognition contests, winning three competitions in connected handwriting recognition. Google later used CTC-trained LSTM for speech recognition on the smartphone.
