Papacy East-West Schism Eastern Orthodox Church Byzantine Empire Pope Urban II crusade Muslims Jerusalem Holy Land Inquisition Iberian Peninsula Reconquista fall of Granada in 1492 High Middle Ages Islam East-West Muslim Eastern Orthodox Empire Roman Empire Middle Ages Iberia Western Roman Empire Roman Catholic Church
The Papacy reached the height of its power during the High Middle Ages. An East-West Schism in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously, with the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire. In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade against Muslims occupying Jerusalem and the Holy Land. In Europe itself, the Church organised the Inquisition against heretics. In the Iberian Peninsula, the Reconquista concluded with the fall of Granada in 1492, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the south-western peninsula.
