diff --git a/json/2022_AFL_Grand_Final.json b/json/2022_AFL_Grand_Final.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeb3f77192d2091ffdadd74f2d78677259669ca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_AFL_Grand_Final.json @@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_AFL_Grand_Final", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_AFL_Grand_Final", + "summary": "The 2022 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between Geelong and the Sydney Swans at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 24 September 2022. It was the 127th grand final of the Australian Football League (AFL), staged to determine the premiers of the 2022 AFL season. The match, attended by 100,024 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 81 points, marking the club's tenth VFL/AFL premiership. Isaac Smith of Geelong won the Norm Smith Medal as the player judged best on ground.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong entered their 2022 campaign after a heavy defeat in the 2021 preliminary finals against eventual premiers Melbourne", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cats were inconsistent early in the season, opening with five wins and four losses, but did not lose again for the remainder of the home-and-away season, earning their second minor premiership in four seasons with 18 wins and four losses", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong then defeated Collingwood by six points in their qualifying final and thrashed the Brisbane Lions by 71 points in the first preliminary final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was Geelong's second grand final appearance in three years", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney had been eliminated in 2021 after a one-point defeat against local rivals Greater Western Sydney in their elimination final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Swans built on this, improving to finish third on the ladder with 16 wins and six losses", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They defeated reigning premiers Melbourne by 22 points in the second qualifying final, then in the preliminary final withstood a late rally by Collingwood to win by one point, returning to the grand final for the first time since 2016", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The two teams met only once in the home-and-away season, in Round 2 at the Sydney Cricket Ground", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In a game made memorable by Lance Franklin's 1000th career goal, Sydney won by 30 points", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was the sixth time the teams had met in VFL/AFL finals, including twice before South Melbourne's relocation to Sydney, and the first time in a grand final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Their most recent finals encounter was in a 2017 semi-final, which was Geelong's only previous finals victory against the Swans", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Prior to the formation of the VFL/AFL, the clubs had also previously met in the Victorian Football Association's \"Match of the Century\", which had decided the 1886 premiership in Geelong's favour.", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20170913000513/http://www.afl.com.au/match-centre/2017/25/geel-v-syd" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Both clubs entered the game in strong form and on long winning streaks, Geelong having won its last fifteen games, and Sydney having won its last nine games", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong was the strong favourite, the TAB offering odds of $1.47 for a Geelong victory against Sydney's $2.70 on game day", + "refs": [ + "https://www.codesports.com.au/bet/afl/tips/geelongsydney-2022-afl-grand-final-what-the-firstlook-odds-tell-us/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground hosted the grand final for the first time since 2019, with the 2020 and 2021 editions previously being held at Brisbane's The Gabba and Perth's Optus Stadium respectively, due to the COVID-19 pandemic", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The capacity crowd of 100,024 was the largest at a VFL/AFL game since 1986.", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Ceremonies and entertainment", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Parade", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The annual Grand Final Parade returned to Melbourne for the first time since 2019 on the Friday before the Grand Final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The novel parade included the players travelling along the Yarra River on barges before the players boarded utes and travelled through Yarra Park; their journey concluded north of the Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Yarra River portion of the parade was criticised by many due to bad viewing angles from the banks of the river as well as the boats turning around before reaching Princes Bridge, where many fans had gathered in order to have a good view", + "refs": [ + "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-23/grand-final-parade-route-afl-geelong-cats-sydney-swans/101456510" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "On-field events", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "All times are in Australian Eastern Standard Time (GMT +10)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Premiership Cup was brought onto the ground by Cameron Ling, a member of Geelong's last three premiership teams in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and former Sydney captain Paul Kelly", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ling presented coach Chris Scott and captain Joel Selwood the cup after the match.", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Selwood carried Levi Ablett through Geelong's banner as the Cats took the field", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Levi is the son of Gary Ablett Jr., who attended the game having been a dual premiership player with Geelong in 2007 and 2009 when he also won the Brownlow Medal, and grandson of Cats and Victoria forward Gary Ablett Sr.; Levi had been diagnosed with a rare degenerative disease that left him mute", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Match summary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "First quarter", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong veteran Tom Hawkins kicked the first behind in the opening minute of the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong dominated play and territory through the first ten minutes while Sydney managed to hold them out from scoring again, until the tenth minute, when Hawkins snatched the ball straight out of a boundary throw-in ruck contest and snapped the opening goal", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Five minutes later, Hawkins scored his second goal in exactly the same way, and Geelong led by 13 points", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney won the ensuing centre clearance, ending with Will Hayward scored Sydney's first goal from a crumbing snap shot in the 17th minute", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Thereafter, Geelong dominated the quarter", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cats kicked three goals in the next five minutes: Mark Blicavs (19th minute) with a set shot from 25m, and Isaac Smith (20th minute and 22nd minute) with two crumbed goals on the run", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong generated six more shots in the quarter, for 1.4 (10), only Brad Close managing to kick a goal from a 40m set shot in the 27th minute", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "When quarter time sounded, Geelong led 6.5 (41) to Sydney's 1.0 (6)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong's score and leading margin at that point were both the largest any team had achieved in a grand final since the 1989", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "All statistics skewed heavily in Geelong's favour, with a 48\u201329 advantage in contested possessions, an inside-50 tally of 20\u20138, and triple Sydney's marks", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Joel Selwood was Geelong's leading disposal winner, with 12; while the tactical decision to play Sam De Koning as a loose defender drifting onto the wing had been particularly influential in Geelong's effectively preventing Sydney from advancing the ball", + "refs": [ + "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211", + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Second quarter", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Sydney won the opening centre clearance, ending with a behind to Lance Franklin", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "But, Geelong rebounded and again dominated the territory, at one stage enjoying a run of recording 18 out of 19 consecutive inside-50s", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over the next eight minutes, Geelong managed 1.2 (8), Tyson Stengle kicking the goal from a 50m set shot in the 5th minute", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Thereafter, Sydney's competitiveness improved, and the balance of the quarter was much more even, with many repeat stoppages and ruck contests, and Sydney's run-and-carry game getting started", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "After winning the ball from a free kick, Sydney kicked deep to Hayden McLean who marked one-handed in the goal square and kicked Sydney's second goal in the 9th minute", + "refs": [ + "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 17th minute, Hawkins won a free kick in a one-on-one marking contest and kicked his third goal", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 20th minute, Callum Mills kicked a long goal for Sydney from 50m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The ensuing centre clearance was won by Geelong and ended with a mark to Stengle, who kicked his second goal from a 40m set shot", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "After turning over a kick-in, Isaac Heeney kicked a goal from a tight angle for Sydney in the 27th minute", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was the last score of the quarter, and at half time Geelong had extended its quarter time lead by one point, Geelong 9.8 (62) to Sydney 4.2 (26)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Patrick Dangerfield was a dominant force in the centre for Geelong through the first half, winning several centre clearances which set up Geelong scoring opportunities", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Third quarter", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong opened the third quarter with three goals in six minutes: the first went to Mitch Duncan from a 15m set shot in the 2nd minute, after winning a holding the ball free kick against Tom McCartin; the second went to Close in the 4th minute from a 15m set shot, after he intercepted a poor short pass across the face of goal by Tom McCartin; and the third was by Smith from a 50m shot", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This opening flurry of goals extended Geelong's advantage to 54 points, all but securing the premiership", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "During this period, Sydney's Sam Reid was substituted out of the game and Braeden Campbell came on", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney's only shot on goal for the quarter came in the tenth minute, and was rushed through for a behind", + "refs": [ + "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong continued to dominate, adding a further 3.3 (21), with goals to Cam Guthrie from a holding the ball free kick in the 12th minute, and to Stengle in the 18th and 21st minutes.", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At three quarter time, Geelong's lead was an insurmountable 74 points: Geelong 15.11 (101) vs Sydney 4.3 (27)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geelong once again completely dominated territory (71% time in forward half) and contested ball for the quarter", + "refs": [ + "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Dangerfield contributed significantly to Geelong's drive, with ten disposals and three clearances", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false", + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false", + "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Final quarter", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "With the result beyond doubt, the final quarter was played with lesser intensity but still at a lively pace, Geelong kicking five goals to Sydney's four", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Goals were scored by Sydney's Chad Warner (6th minute); Geelong's Jeremy Cameron (7th minute); Geelong's Brandan Parfitt, who was substituted into the game for Cam Guthrie in the 15th minute, then crumbed a goal in the 16th minute; Sydney's Paddy McCartin (17th minute); De Koning (20th minute), who marked a Dangerfield snap shot on the goal line and kicked the first goal of his 24-game career; Warner (22nd minute) with a 70m long bomb; Geelong captain Joel Selwood (25th minute); Cameron (27th minute); and Sydney's Tom Papley (30th minute)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The final score was Geelong 20.13 (133), Sydney 8.4 (52)", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Overall", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong had a statistical dominance throughout the game, particularly in the first and third quarters", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Most starkly demonstrating Geelong's advantage it won: the inside-50s count 63\u201332; contested possessions 151\u2013110; total disposals 395\u2013304; time in forward half 65%\u201335%", + "refs": [ + "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney won slightly more clearances (37\u201333), but Geelong's clearances were won more cleanly, such that Geelong lost possession after only one of its clearances compared with Sydney's 17, and led scores from stoppages 65\u201315", + "refs": [ + "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773", + "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html", + "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney's rebound game was completely nullified by Geelong's strong marking and ground ball contests through its half-forward and centre-line, allowing Geelong repeat forward 50 entries throughout the game", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Norm Smith Medal", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong winger Isaac Smith, who had a game-high 32 disposals, a game-high 772 metres gained on the ground, three goals and 14 total score involvements to be responsible for much of Geelong's attacking play, received the Norm Smith Medal, polling 14 out of a possible 15 votes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At age 33, he was the oldest recipient of the accolade in its history", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "2002 Norm Smith Medallist Nathan Buckley presented the medal.", + "refs": [ + "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-24/isaac-smith-norm-smith-medal-patrick-dangerfield-geelong-afl/101471748" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Midfielder Patrick Dangerfield was second with 10 votes; his nine clearances \u2013 many won cleanly and at speed from centre bounces \u2013 and 19 contested possessions launched many Geelong scores from stoppages", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Small forward Tyson Stengle, who was the leading goalkicker with 4.1, polled four votes", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Tall defender Sam De Koning, whose work intercepting Sydney rebounds in the centre of the ground contributed significantly to Geelong's territorial advantage; and ruck/midfielder Mark Blicavs, with 14 contested possessions, 15 hit-outs and a team-high eight tackles \u2013 each polled one vote", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Among the other top performing Geelong players who did not poll votes were Tom Hawkins (scored 3.4, including the opening two goals), Joel Selwood (26 disposals), Rhys Stanley (27 hitouts), Jake Kolodjashnij (nullified Sydney's Isaac Heeney), Mitch Duncan (27 disposals), Brad Close (18 disposals, two goals) and Cameron Guthrie (16 disposals)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Very few Sydney players were considered to have had good games: midfielders Chad Warner (29 disposals, 10 clearances) and James Rowbottom (16 disposals, 8 clearances) and defender Robbie Fox (nullified Jeremy Cameron until the final quarter) considered the Swans' best", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Teams", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Geelong's starting 22 made one change from its preliminary final team", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Wingman Max Holmes, who was substituted out of the preliminary final with a hamstring injury, was included in Thursday's selected team, but was omitted on the morning of the game; he was replaced in the 22 by preliminary final medical substitute Mark O\u2019Connor, and Brandan Parfitt came into the 23 as substitute", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Playing his 40th final, Geelong captain Joel Selwood surpassed Michael Tuck's record for most career VFL/AFL finals, and he became Geelong's only four-time VFL/AFL premiership player", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/", + "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc_players.html#09" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The grand final was ultimately Selwood's last game, as he retired less than a week later", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "With an average age of 28 years and 206 days, Geelong's grand final 23 set the record for the oldest selected team in any VFL/AFL game, grand final or otherwise, 67 days older than any previous team", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Zach Tuohy and Mark O'Connor became only the second and third Irish players to win an AFL title, after Tadhg Kennelly in 2005", + "refs": [ + "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc.html#age" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sydney made one change to its preliminary final 22, with Logan McDonald dropped after playing 17 games in 2022 for Hayden McLean, who played his first game at the AFL level since Round 8", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Preliminary final medical substitute Braeden Campbell held his place in the 23", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two Swans under injury clouds \u2014 Sam Reid, who had been substituted out of the preliminary final with an adductor strain, and Justin McInerney, who had an ankle complaint \u2014 were both selected", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reid played only half of the grand final, with limited impact, and was substituted out for Campbell shortly after half time with a recurrence of the same injury \u2013 and Sydney's decision to select him was widely criticised by commentators", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Umpires", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The umpiring panel, comprising three field umpires, four boundary umpires, two goal umpires and an emergency in each position, is given below", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "1977 VFL Grand Final umpire John Sutcliffe presented the umpires' medals in the post-match ceremony", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Numbers in brackets represent the number of grand finals umpired, including 2022.", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Scoreboard", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Media coverage", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Television", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Per the AFL TV rights, and for the eleventh consecutive year, the Seven Network had exclusive broadcast rights within Australia, with Fox Footy showing replays after the game's conclusion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Seven coverage was led by James Brayshaw and Brian Taylor, with Luke Hodge and Daisy Pearce providing special comments", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Abbey Holmes and Matthew Richardson provided interviews at the breaks, and boundary updates throughout the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Hamish McLachlan served as Master of Ceremonies for the match as well as hosting the Seven coverage alongside Brayshaw", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Seven coverage was simulcast on 7plus on select devices for the first time", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fox showed their own coverage with their own team, which started at 9\u00a0am AEST with events such as the Longest Kick across the Yarra River and pre-match, half-time and post-match analysis", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Fox Footy coverage was simulcast on Kayo Sports", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sarah Jones, Garry Lyon and Kath Loughnan led the Fox broadcast with special inputs from Brad Johnson, Cameron Mooney, David King, Jonathan Brown, Jordan Lewis, Leigh Montagna, Jason Dunstall, Ben Dixon, Nathan Buckley and Nick Riewoldt throughout the coverage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "TV ratings for the game were comparatively low for a Grand Final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An average of 2.18\u00a0million viewers in capital cities (plus 95,000 viewers on streaming platforms) were recorded making it the lowest-rating broadcast of modern history, behind only the 1993 AFL Grand Final between Essendon and Carlton, although viewership peaked at 5.76\u00a0million", + "refs": [ + "https://mumbrella.com.au/afl-grand-final-lowest-metro-audience-since-2001-nine-steals-the-week-757737/amp" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Seven's broadcast of the game via its streaming services, where its rights were non-exclusive, also experienced some technical problems", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Despite the lowest TV ratings in 29 years, it still received more than a million more viewers than any other non-AFL TV show of the day, and it still retained a 65.8% network share as well as the distinction of being most-watched TV show of the year", + "refs": [ + "https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/09/afl-fants-vent-as-7plus-apologises-for-technical-difficulties.html", + "https://www.afr.com/companies/sport/afl-grand-final-a-ratings-bomb-for-channel-7-20220925-p5bkt9" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Prior to the game, AFL CEO Gillon McLachlan predicted the game would get 4.4\u00a0million viewers, more than 1.3\u00a0million more than the actual figure", + "refs": [ + "https://tvtonight.com.au/tag/afl-grand-final" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Channel Seven boss James Warburton called for the match to be brought back to a twilight or night time slot in order to increase ratings", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/grand-final-ratings-record-on-cards-after-buddy-signing-boosts-swans-20220920-p5bjk7.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "International", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Radio", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages", + "2": "http://www.afl.com.au/tv-radio/broadcastguide", + "3": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4741#match-report", + "4": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4767#match-report", + "5": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/833821/sublime-swans-stun-dees-to-earn-home-prelim-final", + "6": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4768#match-report", + "7": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/847462/six-of-the-best-swamps-grand-final-stats-spectacular", + "8": "https://www.afl.com.au/ladder?Competition=1&CompSeason=43&GameWeeks=610&ShowBettingOdds=1&Live=0", + "9": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170913000513/http://www.afl.com.au/match-centre/2017/25/geel-v-syd", + "10": "https://www.codesports.com.au/bet/afl/tips/geelongsydney-2022-afl-grand-final-what-the-firstlook-odds-tell-us/", + "11": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/afl-2022-champion-data-takes-a-deep-dive-into-the-grand-final-between-geelong-and-sydney/news-story/c1570de8475da0a31eef93a08c3f5948", + "12": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-23/grand-final-parade-route-afl-geelong-cats-sydney-swans/101456510", + "13": "https://www.9news.com.au/national/afl-grand-final-fans-disappointed-by-the-return-of-melbournes-afl-grand-final-parade/90def24a-330f-47fd-be9e-5695380caa30", + "14": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/angry-afl-fans-unleash-on-grand-final-parade-failure/news-story/53c674476a14cfea5a24c6fe0bd8a32f", + "15": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e74f68f0822acf24f5aae#block-632e74f68f0822acf24f5aae", + "16": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/848092/delta-goodrem-joins-the-2022-telstra-pre-match-entertainment-as-special-guest", + "17": "https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/beautiful-scenes-as-levi-ablett-runs-through-afl-grand-final-banner-with-geelong-c-8341686", + "18": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false", + "19": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html", + "20": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211", + "21": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773", + "22": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false", + "23": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out", + "24": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false", + "25": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-24/isaac-smith-norm-smith-medal-patrick-dangerfield-geelong-afl/101471748", + "26": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220924215331/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632eb3638f0894f47d8a4955%23block-632eb3638f0894f47d8a4955", + "27": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-defeats-sydney-by-81-points-player-ratings/news-story/2f17962e795bda8fdf02fb2624c25639", + "28": "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/", + "29": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc_players.html#09", + "30": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc.html#age", + "31": "https://www.rte.ie/sport/other-sport/2022/0924/1325214-grand-final-joy-for-irish-duo-as-geelong-destroy-sydney/", + "32": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out", + "33": "https://www.geelongcats.com.au/news/1227026/grand-final-preview-everything-you-need-to-know-before-the-big-one", + "34": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220924210014/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e82008f0894f47d8a486b%23block-632e82008f0894f47d8a486b", + "35": "https://www.theroar.com.au/2022/09/24/how-do-you-watch-the-2022-grand-final-afl-broadcast-and-live-streaming-guide/", + "36": "https://mumbrella.com.au/afl-grand-final-lowest-metro-audience-since-2001-nine-steals-the-week-757737/amp", + "37": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html", + "38": "https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/09/afl-fants-vent-as-7plus-apologises-for-technical-difficulties.html", + "39": "https://www.afr.com/companies/sport/afl-grand-final-a-ratings-bomb-for-channel-7-20220925-p5bkt9", + "40": "https://tvtonight.com.au/tag/afl-grand-final", + "41": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/grand-final-ratings-record-on-cards-after-buddy-signing-boosts-swans-20220920-p5bjk7.html", + "42": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html", + "43": "https://www.theroar.com.au/2022/09/23/how-to-watch-the-2022-afl-grand-final-overseas-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-international-live-stream-info/", + "44": "https://www.afl.com.au/matches/broadcast-guide/international-broadcast-partners" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "2022": "DATE", + "australian": "NORP", + "geelong": "ORG", + "the sydney swans": "ORG", + "the melbourne cricket ground": "ORG", + "24 september 2022": "DATE", + "127th": "DATE", + "the australian football league": "ORG", + "100,024": "CARDINAL", + "81": "CARDINAL", + "tenth": "ORDINAL", + "vfl": "ORG", + "isaac smith": "PERSON", + "the norm smith medal": "ORG", + "2021": "DATE", + "melbourne": "GPE", + "early in the season": "DATE", + "five": "CARDINAL", + "four": "CARDINAL", + "second": "ORDINAL", + "four seasons": "DATE", + "18": "CARDINAL", + "collingwood": "PERSON", + "six": "CARDINAL", + "the brisbane lions": "ORG", + "71": "CARDINAL", + "first": "ORDINAL", + "three years": "DATE", + "sydney": "GPE", + "one": "CARDINAL", + "greater western": "LOC", + "swans": "NORP", + "third": "ORDINAL", + "16": "CARDINAL", + "22": "CARDINAL", + "2016": "DATE", + "two": "CARDINAL", + 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"DATE", + "the next eight minutes": "TIME", + "1.2": "CARDINAL", + "8)": "DATE", + "tyson stengle": "PERSON", + "50": "CARDINAL", + "5th": "ORDINAL", + "hayden mclean": "PERSON", + "9th": "ORDINAL", + "20th": "ORDINAL", + "callum mills": "PERSON", + "stengle": "PERSON", + "isaac heeney": "PERSON", + "half": "CARDINAL", + "geelong 9.8": "ORG", + "62": "CARDINAL", + "26": "CARDINAL", + "patrick dangerfield": "PERSON", + "the first half": "DATE", + "third quarter": "DATE", + "the third quarter": "DATE", + "six minutes": "TIME", + "mitch duncan": "PERSON", + "15": "CARDINAL", + "tom mccartin": "PERSON", + "4th": "ORDINAL", + "smith": "GPE", + "54": "CARDINAL", + "sam reid": "PERSON", + "braeden campbell": "PERSON", + "3.3": "CARDINAL", + "21": "CARDINAL", + "cam guthrie": "PERSON", + "the 18th and 21st": "DATE", + "three quarter": "DATE", + "74": "CARDINAL", + "15.11": "CARDINAL", + "101": "CARDINAL", + "sydney 4.3": "PERSON", + "27": "CARDINAL", + "71%": "PERCENT", + "ten": "CARDINAL", + "the final quarter": "DATE", + "chad warner": "PERSON", + "6th minute": "TIME", + "jeremy cameron": "PERSON", + "7th minute": "TIME", + "brandan parfitt": "PERSON", + "15th": "ORDINAL", + "16th": "ORDINAL", + "paddy mccartin": "PERSON", + "17th minute": "TIME", + "de koning": "ORG", + "dangerfield": "ORG", + "24": "CARDINAL", + "warner": "ORG", + "70": "CARDINAL", + "25th minute": "TIME", + "cameron": "PERSON", + "tom papley": "PERSON", + "30th minute": "TIME", + "20.13": "CARDINAL", + "133": "CARDINAL", + "8.4": "CARDINAL", + "52": "CARDINAL", + "the first and third quarters": "DATE", + "inside-50s": "LOC", + "63\u201332": "CARDINAL", + "151\u2013110": "CARDINAL", + "395\u2013304": "CARDINAL", + "65%\u201335%": "PERCENT", + "only one": "CARDINAL", + "17": "CARDINAL", + "65\u201315": "CARDINAL", + "norm smith medal": "PERSON", + "32": "CARDINAL", + "772 metres": "QUANTITY", + "14": "CARDINAL", + "age 33": "DATE", + "2002": "DATE", + "norm smith": "PERSON", + "nathan buckley": "PERSON", + "19": "CARDINAL", + "4.1": "CARDINAL", + "eight": "CARDINAL", + "3.4": "CARDINAL", + "rhys stanley": "ORG", + "jake kolodjashnij": "PERSON", + "cameron guthrie": "PERSON", + "29": "CARDINAL", + "james rowbottom": "PERSON", + "8": "CARDINAL", + "robbie fox": "PERSON", + "wingman max holmes": "PERSON", + "thursday": "DATE", + "the morning": "TIME", + "mark o\u2019connor": "PERSON", + "23": "CARDINAL", + "40th": "ORDINAL", + "michael tuck's": "PERSON", + "only four": "CARDINAL", + "selwood": "GPE", + "less than a week later": "DATE", + "206 days": "DATE", + "67 days": "DATE", + "zach tuohy": "PERSON", + "mark o'connor": "PERSON", + "irish": "NORP", + "afl": "ORG", + "tadhg kennelly": "PERSON", + "2005": "DATE", + "logan mcdonald": "PERSON", + "round 8": "LAW", + "justin mcinerney": "PERSON", + "reid": "PERSON", + "only half": "CARDINAL", + "campbell": "ORG", + "umpires": "PERSON", + "1977": "DATE", + "vfl grand final": "LAW", + "john sutcliffe": "PERSON", + "afl tv": "ORG", + "the eleventh consecutive year": "DATE", + "the seven network": "ORG", + "australia": "GPE", + "fox footy": "ORG", + "seven": "CARDINAL", + "james brayshaw": "PERSON", + "brian taylor": "PERSON", + "luke hodge": "PERSON", + "daisy pearce": "PERSON", + "abbey holmes": "PERSON", + "matthew richardson": "PERSON", + "hamish mclachlan": "PERSON", + "master of ceremonies": "WORK_OF_ART", + "brayshaw": "ORG", + "7plus": "CARDINAL", + "fox": "ORG", + "9": "CARDINAL", + "aest": "ORG", + "kayo sports": "ORG", + "sarah jones": "PERSON", + "garry lyon": "PERSON", + "kath loughnan": "PERSON", + "brad johnson": "PERSON", + "cameron mooney": "PERSON", + "david king": "PERSON", + "jonathan brown": "PERSON", + "jordan lewis": "PERSON", + "leigh montagna": "PERSON", + "jason dunstall": "PERSON", + "ben dixon": "PERSON", + "nick riewoldt": "PERSON", + "2.18\u00a0million": "CARDINAL", + "95,000": "CARDINAL", + "1993": "DATE", + "essendon": "ORG", + "carlton": "GPE", + "5.76\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "29 years": "DATE", + "more than a million": "CARDINAL", + "non-afl tv": "ORG", + "the day": "DATE", + "65.8%": "PERCENT", + "gillon mclachlan": "PERSON", + "4.4\u00a0million": "CARDINAL", + "more than 1.3\u00a0million": "CARDINAL", + "james warburton": "PERSON", + "twilight or night": "TIME" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "brad close", + "abbey holmes", + "rhys stanley", + "afl grand final", + "grand final", + "chris scott", + "collingwood", + "sydney", + "levi ablett", + "john sutcliffe", + "patrick dangerfield", + "brownlow medal", + "sarah jones", + "daisy pearce", + "james rowbottom", + "hamish mclachlan", + "michael tuck", + "yarra park", + "norm smith medal geelong", + "brisbane lions", + "essendon", + "robbie fox", + "isaac heeney", + "fox footy", + "braeden campbell", + "australian football league", + "chad warner", + "smith", + "optus stadium", + "cameron mooney", + "greater western sydney", + "james warburton", + "garry lyon", + "kayo sports", + "sam reid", + "tyson stengle", + "tom mccartin", + "sam de koning", + "ling", + "kath loughnan", + "premiership cup", + "afl", + "max holmes", + "selwood", + "paddy mccartin", + "mark blicavs", + "south melbourne", + "joel selwood", + "de koning", + "geelong", + "sydney swans", + "princes bridge", + "swans'", + "warner", + "brian taylor", + "brad johnson", + "jordan lewis", + "dangerfield", + "afl tv", + "seven network", + "lance franklin", + "leigh montagna", + "cameron guthrie", + "david king", + "luke hodge", + "logan mcdonald", + "the gabba", + "tom papley", + "jake kolodjashnij", + "will hayward", + "zach tuohy", + "victorian football association", + "australian eastern standard time", + "carlton", + "vfl", + "round 2", + "tom hawkins", + "jason dunstall", + "hayden mclean", + "callum mills", + "stengle", + "matthew richardson", + "brayshaw", + "james brayshaw", + "melbourne", + "reid", + "isaac smith", + "gary ablett sr.", + "norm smith", + "longest kick", + "hawkins", + "ben dixon", + "sydney cricket ground", + "brisbane", + "justin mcinerney", + "australia", + "7plus", + "victoria", + "jeremy cameron", + "jonathan brown", + "mitch duncan", + "grand final parade", + "swans", + "paul kelly", + "cam guthrie", + "gary ablett jr.", + "perth", + "nick riewoldt", + "levi", + "gillon mclachlan", + "yarra river", + "fox", + "norm smith medal", + "australian", + "gmt", + "melbourne cricket ground", + "close", + "tab", + "covid-19", + "nathan buckley", + "channel seven", + "irish", + "vfl grand final", + "cameron ling", + "mark o\u2019connor", + "brandan parfitt", + "campbell", + "cats", + "mark o'connor", + "cameron", + "tadhg kennelly" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion.json b/json/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2862000a67660bf3a51f993d7708673daecfcd37 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion.json @@ -0,0 +1,983 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion", + "summary": "On 8 October 2022, at 6:07 a.m., a fire broke out on the Crimean Bridge as a result of an explosion of a bomb loaded onto a truck, which occurred on the road bridge, on the westbound vehicle lanes running from Russia to Kerch in Russian-occupied Crimea. Two two-lane vehicular spans of the bridge collapsed into the water. Two adjacent eastbound lanes on a separate structure survived. The railway bridge was also significantly damaged by a railway tanker car that caught fire. Five people were killed, and the Investigative Committee of Russia launched an investigation.\nThe damage reduced the transport capacity of the bridge, which is being used to supply Russian troops in Crimea during the invasion of Ukraine. The explosion occurred the day after the 70th birthday of Russian President Vladimir Putin and one week after the announcement of the annexation of four Ukrainian regions by Russia. At the time, no-one claimed responsibility for the explosion and Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that the Ukrainian government \"did not order\" it. However, in July 2023, Ukraine's Deputy Minister of Defense Hanna Maliar acknowledged Ukraine had conducted the attack \"in order to break the logistics of the Russians.\" Soon after, the Ukrainian Security Service confirmed it was behind the attack.Russian officials and a \"senior Ukrainian official\" speaking to The New York Times said the explosion was from a bomb loaded onto a truck. The BBC claimed it was more likely caused by a maritime drone. The Russian Federal Security Service detained five Russian citizens and three people from Ukraine and Armenia accused of organising the attack. In August 2023, Vasyl Malyuk, head of the Security Service of Ukraine, gave an interview to The New Voice of Ukraine in which he detailed how a truck carrying explosives was used to cause the explosion.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Crimean Bridge is a pair of parallel bridges, one carrying a four-lane road and the other a double-track railway, spanning the Kerch Strait between Russia on the east side and Crimea in Ukraine on the west side", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Construction began in February 2016, following the Russian occupation and annexation of the Crimean peninsula in 2014", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Russian authorities called the construction of the bridge a \"historic mission\", one of the key tasks for the \"final unification of Crimea with Russia\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-44120726" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In May 2018, the road bridge was opened to traffic, and in December 2019, the rail bridge became operational", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-russian-44126352" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "During the 2022 Russian invasion, the bridge was used to supply the Russian Armed Forces in the southern theater of operations", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "While other methods of supplying resources to Crimea exist, including ports, the bridge is an important part of the infrastructure", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-63183013" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ukrainian officials and military have repeatedly declared their intention to destroy the Crimean Bridge, considering it as a legitimate military target", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Major General of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Dmytro Marchenko\u00a0 [uk] stated in June 2022 that the bridge would become \"target number one\" as soon as Ukraine had weapons to attack it", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19/world/europe/kerch-strait-bridge-crimea.html", + "https://www.dw.com/ru/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-vozmozno-stal-rezultatom-diversii/a-63376818", + "https://tass.com/world/1465651" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In August 2022, Ukrainian presidential advisor Mykhailo Podolyak told The Guardian: \"It's an illegal construction and the main gateway to supply the Russian army in Crimea", + "refs": [ + "https://istories.media/news/2022/10/08/na-krimskom-mostu-proizoshel-vzriv-zagorelis-tsisterni-i-provalilos-dorozhnoe-polotno/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Such objects should be destroyed.\" In April 2022, Dmitry Medvedev, former President and Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia, said: \"One of the Ukrainian generals talked about the need to strike at the Crimean Bridge", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/16/creating-chaos-zelenskiys-adviser-outlines-ukraines-military-strategy" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "I hope he understands what the retaliatory target will be.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Event", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On 8 October 2022 at 6:07 a.m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "local time during low traffic, an explosion occurred on or near the westbound lanes of the road bridge, heading towards Kerch in Crimea, midway between the main arch span over the Kerch\u2013Yenikale shipping channel and Tuzla Island, within Crimean territorial waters", + "refs": [ + "https://www.agents.media/vzorvan-krymskij-most-chto-izvestno/", + "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161", + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "[citation needed] As a result of the explosion, Kerch-bound spans of the roadway collapsed into the water", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the construction of the bridge, up to four spans are connected to form a longer section, and it appears that the damage has principally been to one such section, with three of its spans collapsing into the water and the fourth remaining in place", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin", + "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The press service of the Crimea Railway stated that at 6:05 their equipment showed an error on the railway tracks on the railway part of the bridge, and a fuel container wagon caught fire in the tail of the freight train", + "refs": [ + "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161", + "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/how-the-crimean-bridge-explosion-caused-multiple-spans-to-collapse-11-10-2022/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Wind from north blew flames and smoke towards the Black Sea", + "refs": [ + "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Traffic by road, rail and sea were stopped, with long queues forming on land and sea", + "refs": [ + "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas", + "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The explosion was not immediately reported by Russian authorities as an act of sabotage", + "refs": [ + "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Initially, two possible causes of the fire were announced: the explosion of a fuel container wagon on the railway part of the bridge and the explosion of an automotive vehicle, probably a truck, on the road part", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the National Anti-Terrorism Committee\u00a0 [ru] of the Russian Federation, a truck was blown up, which caused the fire of seven rail fuel containers", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Though no one claimed responsibility for the explosion, the Ukrainian media Ukrainska Pravda and UNIAN, citing their own sources, stated that it was a Security Service of Ukraine operation", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The New York Times similarly wrote that a \"senior Ukrainian official\" \"said that Ukraine\u2019s intelligence services had orchestrated the attack and that it involved a bomb loaded onto a truck that drove across the bridge.\" Russia claimed that a bomb exploded while being carried by a truck going full speed using an improvised explosive device", + "refs": [ + "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/8/7370891/", + "https://meduza.io/news/2022/10/08/ukrainskaya-pravda-so-ssylkoy-na-istochnik-soobschila-chto-vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-operatsiya-sbu", + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "With indications that an explosion directly damaged the road bridge and that its blast caused a fire on a train on the rail bridge, the presence of many sparks could indicate the use of thermite which burns hot enough to damage steel and ignite the flammable fuel in the train", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Later in the day the bridge reopened to light road traffic on one lane, with traffic alternating in each direction, and some rail traffic", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Impact", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Casualties", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The explosion killed five people, including those in an adjacent car", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Economic loss", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Seven fuel tankers of a 59-wagon train destined for the Crimean Peninsula caught on fire due to the explosion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In addition, with the closure of the bridge, it became more difficult for local residents to leave Crimea, with car queues five kilometres (3\u00a0mi) long, although other ways remained, including ports", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/", + "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over a hundred trucks waited on either side to use the small ferry, carrying 16 trucks at a time", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Marine traffic was also hindered, as dozens of ships waited on either side of the bridge", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/09/world/europe/russia-crimea-kerch-bridge-traffic.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Mikhail Razvozhayev, mayor of Sevastopol, initially imposed restrictions on the sale of groceries and forbade the sale of fuel in canisters but rescinded these measures for all of Crimea about an hour later, saying that supply lines were sufficient", + "refs": [ + "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/", + "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/ukraine-bruecke-explosion-krim-russland" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Structural damage", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Three spans of the roadway deck on the Kerch-bound side were damaged with two collapsed into the water", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In videos and satellite imagery, there was considerable discolouration of girders of the rail bridge", + "refs": [ + "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_4a34c1441b085a511d720a4d5e48a4b2" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two experts on bridge safety and blast engineering consider it likely that the fuel fire weakened the girders that support the rail bridge", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627", + "https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/08/ukraine-war-car-bomb-sparks-major-blaze-on-bridge-linking-russia-and-crimea" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The rail bridge supports a double-track railway, and Russia restarted traffic on the other rail track than the one containing the burned out fuel tankers almost immediately", + "refs": [ + "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Russian Ministry of Transport reported that on the following day all rail freight and long-distance passenger trains were running to schedule", + "refs": [ + "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_972e0c20567968a3f40b4b18cd53834e" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The full repair of the bridge has been ordered, to be completed by 1 July 2023, with the contract awarded to Nizhneangarsktransstroy", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 9 November 2022, the UK Ministry of Defence released an intelligence update, saying: \"Russian efforts to repair the Crimean bridge continue but it is unlikely to be fully operational until at least September 2023.\" According to intelligence, the road bridge was closed on 8 November 2022 to allow the movement and installation of a replacement 64-metre space", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63255611" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Three more spans will be required to replace the damaged sections", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "\"Although Crimean officials have claimed these additional spans will be in place by 20 December, a briefing provided to President Putin added that works to the other carriageway would cause disruption to road traffic until March 2023.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/nov/09/russia-ukraine-war-live-reports-of-fierce-fighting-in-mykolaiv-region-zelenskiy-says-russians-face-extraordinary-losses-in-donetsk#top-of-blog" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Reactions", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Ukrainian", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Ukrainian government's official Twitter account tweeted \"sick burn\" in response to the fire, while Mykhailo Podolyak, a Ukrainian presidential advisor, called the damage the \"beginning\": \"Crimea, a bridge, the beginning", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Everything illegal must be destroyed, everything stolen must be returned to Ukraine, everything occupied by Russia must be expelled.\" [clarification needed]", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine compared the destruction of the Crimean Bridge to the sinking of the cruiser Moskva writing: \"The guided missile cruiser Moskva and the Kerch Bridge\u00a0\u2013 two notorious symbols of Russian power in Ukrainian Crimea\u00a0\u2013 have gone down", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "What's next in line, Russkies?\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Director of Ukrposhta Ihor Smilianskyi announced the release of a new stamp set dedicated to the event", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "There is also an artist's impression of the Crimean bridge explosion in Kyiv becoming a popular artwork", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dsnews.ua/ukr/politics/krymskiy-most-minoborony-ukrainy-i-glava-ukrpochty-potrollili-rossiyan-08102022-467433" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oleksiy Danilov, head of the National Security and Defence Council, posted a video of the bridge on social media, along with a video of Marilyn Monroe singing \"Happy Birthday, Mr", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "President\" to US President John F", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Kennedy", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The explosion occurred a day after the 70th birthday of Russian President Vladimir Putin", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said during his nightly address: \"Today was not a bad day and mostly sunny on our state's territory", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Unfortunately, it was cloudy in Crimea", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Although it was also warm.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Russian", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Russian authorities of the Crimea accused the Ukrainian side", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The spokeswoman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Maria Zakharova, accused the \"Kyiv regime\" of terrorism, and a deputy of the State Duma, Andrey Gurulyov (United Russia), called on the commander-in-chief to \"strongly respond\"", + "refs": [ + "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sergey Aksyonov, the Russian appointed head of Crimea, has indicated that they have enough food and fuel saying: \"The situation is manageable\u2014it's unpleasant, but not fatal\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He also expressed a desire for revenge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 9 October, Putin stated: \"There is no doubt", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This is an act of terrorism aimed at destroying critically important civilian infrastructure\u2026 This was devised, carried out and ordered by the Ukrainian special services\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Kremlin propagandist Vladimir Solovyov urged retaliatory strikes across all Ukraine targeting \"bridges, dams, railways, thermal power plants and other infrastructure facilities\"", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "International", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The foreign minister of Estonia, Urmas Reinsalu, welcomed the explosion and suggested that Ukrainian special forces were behind it, recalling that the Ukrainian authorities had long called the Crimean Bridge a possible target for a strike", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Member of the European Parliament from Poland, Robert Biedro\u0144 (New Left) said: \"A balm for the heart, especially since yesterday was Putin's birthday", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It's good that Putin received such a gift", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "I hope he gets more", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ukrainians are destroying Russia's illegal infrastructure [in the occupied Crimea]\"", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftermath", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Ministry of Transport of Russia announced that the ferry service across the Kerch Strait, which operated before the construction of the Crimean bridge, was being re-launched", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Crimean Bridge is an important part of the transport connection between Russia and Crimea for the southern theater of operations of the Russo-Ukrainian War", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The New York Times reported that the damage would create temporary logistical hurdles for Russian military movements, but heavy military equipment could be transported by the railway bridge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 8 October, the Russian foreign ministry published a video showing that the bridge was partially reopened to light vehicles", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trucks had to take the ferry, while trains had resumed, according to Russian state media", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A week later, hundreds of trucks were waiting three to four days to use the ferry", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404", + "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-putin-ukraine-analysis-intl/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Putin ordered the security of the bridge to be placed under the control of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Marat Khusnullin said that the damaged portions of the bridge would be taken down and repairs were to commence immediately", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 9 October divers inspected the bridge structure for any underwater damage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Russian government ordered the repairs to be completed by July 2023", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The road bridge was fully re-opened on 23 February 2023, according to an announcement from Russian Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 5 May the deputy prime minister also announced that the rail bridge had been fully reopened", + "refs": [ + "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/23/russia-fully-reopens-crimea-bridge-to-cars-on-eve-of-anniversary-a80319" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Effect on Russian forces", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Russian forces have had their logistics hindered by the blast on the bridge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The UK Ministry of Defence said that transport \"capacity [would] be seriously degraded\" over the bridge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Repairs started on the evening of 8 October, with car and rail traffic resuming almost immediately", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trucks used ferries because one section of their lane was completely destroyed", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Russian reliance on rail to move military equipment means that truck traffic is not the major concern", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "There is also a land corridor along the coast of southern Ukraine, although this is at higher risk of attack", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Construction of the bridge was completed in 2018, so it has only been relied upon for a few years", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The greatest blow might be psychological, according to people comparing it to the sinking of the Russian cruiser Moskva and considering Putin's personal links to the bridge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Various analysts said on 10 October that trains would likely cross the bridge at reduced speed and loads", + "refs": [ + "https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-repair-crimea-kerch-bridge-explosion/", + "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/09/23/russias-war-mobilization-is-pointless-as-long-as-its-army-lacks-trucks/?sh=6586379869b4", + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/9/crimea-bridge-resumes-traffic-after-blast" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Effect on Russian government", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The symbolic nature of the destruction is no less important for the Kremlin", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The opening of the bridge in 2018 was considered one of Putin's greatest propaganda achievements", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "After the Russian invasion of 2022, the structure was one of the most protected objects", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A week before the explosion, a decree was signed on the annexation of four Ukrainian regions by Russia, after which Russia continued to threaten Ukraine with nuclear weapons in the event of an attack on objects in the annexed territories", + "refs": [ + "https://defence-ua.com/minds_and_ideas/znischiti_krimskij_mist_jak_vin_zahischenij_naskilki_tse_potribno_i_scho_dast-8102.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Putin said that the October 2022 missile strikes on Ukraine, which hit civilian areas in Kyiv and other cities, were in retaliation for Ukraine's alleged attack on the Crimean Bridge", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In May 2023, former history teacher Nikita Tushkanov was sentenced to five-and-a-half years in prison under Russia's 2022 war censorship laws on charges of \"justifying terrorism\" and \"discrediting\" the Russian military for calling the Crimean Bridge explosion \"a birthday gift for Putler.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/05/11/russia-jails-ex-teacher-55-years-for-calling-crimean-bridge-blast-putins-birthday-gift-a81096" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Investigation", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "By order of Putin, a special commission was created to investigate the circumstances of the explosion, including representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Transport, the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the National Guard", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Investigative Committee opened a criminal investigation into the explosion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Representatives of the special services drew attention to the shift that failed to detect the truck with explosives, despite the complexes installed at the entrance to the bridge to watch for suspicious cargo", + "refs": [ + "https://tsn.ua/svit/vibuh-na-krimskomu-mostu-v-rosiyi-vidkrili-krimnalne-provadzhennya-2175394.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Anti-Terrorism Committee of Russia has reported:", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 10 October, the Russian chief investigator, Alexander Bastrykin, said: \"We have already established the route of the truck\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 11 October, FSB said five Russians and three people from Ukraine and/or Armenia were detained", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It also said it detained a Ukrainian citizen involved in planning another bombing in Bryansk who is, according to FSB, now \"cooperating with the investigation\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The explosives (22,770\u00a0kg\u00a0 [50,200\u00a0lb]) were transported on 22 pallets on the truck", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The explosives were loaded at Odesa at the beginning of August and shipped through Bulgaria, Armenia and Georgia to Russia", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 7 October, it was loaded onto a Russian truck bound for Simferopol", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "FSB released an X-ray video showing what they said was the truck loaded with explosives", + "refs": [ + "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/ukrajina-rusko-valka-kercsky-most-podezreli.A221012_075856_zahranicni_misl" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In contrast with the photos from the bridge checkpoint released earlier, the X-rayed truck was missing a spare wheel and one of the axles", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, FSB said that more than one truck had been used in Russia to transport the cargo", + "refs": [ + "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/rusko-ukrajina-valka-kercsky-most-krym-rentgen-auto.A221012_123221_zahranicni_vajo" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "[better\u00a0source\u00a0needed]", + "refs": [ + "http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/press/message/single.htm%21id%3D10439604%40fsbMessage.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 21 April 2023, the Lefortovo District court in Moscow issued an arrest warrant against Kyrylo Budanov, head of Ukrainian Intelligence, in relation to the October 2022 bridge explosion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Budanov responded to the warrant, stating, \"I am pleased", + "refs": [ + "https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/04/21/moscow-court-issues-arrest-warrant-for-ukraines-intel-chief-over-fsbs-accusations-of-him-setting-up-crimea-bridge-explosion-en-news" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "This is a good indicator of our work, and I promise to work even better.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/04/21/7398888" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Notes", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news", + "2": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/8/7370891/", + "3": "https://meduza.io/news/2022/10/08/ukrainskaya-pravda-so-ssylkoy-na-istochnik-soobschila-chto-vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-operatsiya-sbu", + "4": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-10/vladimir-putin-accuses-ukraine-of-crimea-bridge-blast/101517118", + "5": "https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-admits-blowing-up-russias-bridge-to-crimea-2023-7", + "6": "https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2022/10/09/15598867.shtml", + "7": "https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/10/20/we-definitely-didn-t-order-it-says-zelensky-of-the-crimean-bridge-explosion", + "8": "https://news.yahoo.com/sbu-claims-responsibility-2022-crimean-170000550.html", + "9": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63192757", + "10": "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/ukrajina-rusko-valka-kercsky-most-podezreli.A221012_075856_zahranicni_misl", + "11": "https://english.nv.ua/nation/sbu-chief-malyuk-on-how-crimean-bridge-was-attacked-twice-50348824.html", + "12": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-44120726", + "13": "https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-russian-44126352", + "14": "https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2/a-51781417", + "15": "https://www.9news.com.au/world/russia-ukraine-update-ukrainian-official-hanna-maliar-official-appears-to-claim-responsibility-for-crimea-bridge-explosion/9f042392-f9c7-4782-8d19-f98db767224d", + "16": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-63183013", + "17": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin", + "18": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19/world/europe/kerch-strait-bridge-crimea.html", + "19": "https://www.dw.com/ru/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-vozmozno-stal-rezultatom-diversii/a-63376818", + "20": "https://tass.com/world/1465651", + "21": "https://istories.media/news/2022/10/08/na-krimskom-mostu-proizoshel-vzriv-zagorelis-tsisterni-i-provalilos-dorozhnoe-polotno/", + "22": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/16/creating-chaos-zelenskiys-adviser-outlines-ukraines-military-strategy", + "23": "https://www.agents.media/vzorvan-krymskij-most-chto-izvestno/", + "24": "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161", + "25": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin", + "26": "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html", + "27": "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/how-the-crimean-bridge-explosion-caused-multiple-spans-to-collapse-11-10-2022/", + "28": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas", + "29": "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/", + "30": "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/", + "31": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-russia-killed-b2198406.html", + "32": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404", + "33": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/", + "34": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/09/world/europe/russia-crimea-kerch-bridge-traffic.html", + "35": "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/ukraine-bruecke-explosion-krim-russland", + "36": "https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/crimean-occupation-government-introduces-rationing-cancels-it-in-an-hour", + "37": "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_4a34c1441b085a511d720a4d5e48a4b2", + "38": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627", + "39": "https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/08/ukraine-war-car-bomb-sparks-major-blaze-on-bridge-linking-russia-and-crimea", + "40": "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_972e0c20567968a3f40b4b18cd53834e", + "41": "https://www.railfreight.com/railfreight/2022/10/10/freight-traffic-resumed-after-bomb-blast-on-crimea-bridge/?gdpr=accept", + "42": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63255611", + "43": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/nov/09/russia-ukraine-war-live-reports-of-fierce-fighting-in-mykolaiv-region-zelenskiy-says-russians-face-extraordinary-losses-in-donetsk#top-of-blog", + "44": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183409", + "45": "https://www.news18.com/news/world/soon-after-ukraine-explosion-fire-breaks-out-at-key-bridge-linking-mainland-russia-to-crimea-6123427.html", + "46": "https://hromadske.radio/news/2022/10/08/minoborony-pro-kryms-kyy-mist-shcho-dali-na-cherzi-rosiiany", + "47": "https://www.dsnews.ua/ukr/politics/krymskiy-most-minoborony-ukrainy-i-glava-ukrpochty-potrollili-rossiyan-08102022-467433", + "48": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183409", + "49": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221010073827/https://www.dw.com/en/why-is-the-kerch-bridge-important-for-russia-and-ukraine/a-63379613", + "50": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/10/8/7370902/", + "51": "https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/crimea-bridge-blast-is-an-act-of-terrorism-says-putin-fm6205dst", + "52": "https://rus.delfi.ee/statja/120079576/s-dnem-rozhdeniya-putin-reynsalu-estoniya-privetstvuet-podryv-krymskogo-mosta", + "53": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-chto-o-nem-govoryat-v-rossii-i-ukraine", + "54": "https://wiadomosci.radiozet.pl/6.-Dzien-Tygodnia-w-Radiu-ZET/Gorace-komentarze-po-wybuchu-na-moscie-Krymskim.-W-Rosji-Putina-rozpada-sie-wszystko", + "55": "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-putin-ukraine-analysis-intl/index.html", + "56": "https://www.axios.com/2022/10/13/photo-cargo-truck-crimea-bridge-explosion", + "57": "https://indianexpress.com/article/world/damage-to-the-crimea-bridge-has-created-a-long-wait-for-cargo-trucks-heading-to-russia-8208044/", + "58": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/23/russia-fully-reopens-crimea-bridge-to-cars-on-eve-of-anniversary-a80319", + "59": "https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/05/05/crimean-bridge-fully-reopens-to-railway-traffic-following-last-year-s-explosion", + "60": "https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-repair-crimea-kerch-bridge-explosion/", + "61": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/09/23/russias-war-mobilization-is-pointless-as-long-as-its-army-lacks-trucks/?sh=6586379869b4", + "62": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/9/crimea-bridge-resumes-traffic-after-blast", + "63": "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161", + "64": "https://defence-ua.com/minds_and_ideas/znischiti_krimskij_mist_jak_vin_zahischenij_naskilki_tse_potribno_i_scho_dast-8102.html", + "65": "https://www.axios.com/2022/10/10/putin-strikes-retaliation-crimea-bridge-attack", + "66": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/10/putin-says-response-to-more-ukrainian-attacks-will-be-severe", + "67": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/05/11/russia-jails-ex-teacher-55-years-for-calling-crimean-bridge-blast-putins-birthday-gift-a81096", + "68": "https://tsn.ua/svit/vibuh-na-krimskomu-mostu-v-rosiyi-vidkrili-krimnalne-provadzhennya-2175394.html", + "69": "https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/rosiyani-ne-mozhut-zrozumiti-yak-vantazhivka-z-vibuhivkoyu-zayihala-na-krimskiy-mist-2175424.html", + "70": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-10/vladimir-putin-accuses-ukraine-of-crimea-bridge-blast/101517118", + "71": "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/rusko-ukrajina-valka-kercsky-most-krym-rentgen-auto.A221012_123221_zahranicni_vajo", + "72": "http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/press/message/single.htm%21id%3D10439604%40fsbMessage.html", + "73": "https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/04/21/moscow-court-issues-arrest-warrant-for-ukraines-intel-chief-over-fsbs-accusations-of-him-setting-up-crimea-bridge-explosion-en-news", + "74": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/04/21/7398888" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "2022_crimean_bridge_explosion": "CARDINAL", + "8 october 2022": "DATE", + "6:07 a.m.": "TIME", + "the crimean bridge": "FAC", + "russia": "GPE", + "kerch": "ORG", + "russian": "NORP", + "crimea": "GPE", + "two": "CARDINAL", + "five": "CARDINAL", + "the investigative committee of russia": "ORG", + "ukraine": "GPE", + "the day": "DATE", + "70th": "ORDINAL", + "vladimir putin": "PERSON", 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budanov": "PERSON", + "ukrainian intelligence": "ORG", + "budanov": "PERSON" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "security service of ukraine", + "ukrainians", + "crimean bridge", + "hanna maliar", + "estonia", + "fsb", + "investigative committee", + "armed forces of ukraine", + "mikhail razvozhayev", + "bryansk", + "georgia", + "russkies", + "ministry of internal affairs", + "tuzla island", + "national guard", + "maria zakharova", + "kyrylo budanov", + "new left", + "ukrainian", + "moscow", + "oleksiy danilov", + "dmytro marchenko", + "kerch-bound", + "crimea railway", + "ukraine", + "kremlin", + "kerch strait", + "national anti-terrorism committee of russia", + "vasyl malyuk", + "uk ministry of defence", + "mykhailo podolyak", + "simferopol", + "yenikale", + "putler", + "alexander bastrykin", + "kyiv", + "twitter", + "kerch bridge", + "crimea", + "sevastopol", + "ukrainian security service", + "moskva", + "russian federation", + "unian", + "national anti-terrorism committee", + "poland", + "bbc", + "vladimir putin", + "marilyn monroe", + "happy birthday", + "federal security service", + "russian-occupied", + "ukrposhta ihor smilianskyi", + "ukrainska pravda", + "united russia", + "nizhneangarsktransstroy", + "kerch", + "kennedy", + "state duma", + "ministry of transport", + "ministry of defense", + "ministry of emergency situations", + "ministry of foreign affairs", + "russia", + "vladimir solovyov", + "lefortovo", + "andrey gurulyov", + "crimean peninsula", + "marat khusnullin", + "john f.", + "volodymyr zelenskyy", + "russo-ukrainian war", + "the new york times", + "ministry of transport of russia", + "budanov", + "attack.russian", + "odesa", + "sergey aksyonov", + "russians", + "national security and defence council", + "european parliament", + "black sea", + "the new voice of ukraine", + "the guardian", + "bridge", + "putin", + "urmas reinsalu", + "armenia", + "security council of russia", + "robert biedro\u0144", + "us", + "dmitry medvedev", + "ukrainian crimea", + "russian armed forces", + "nikita tushkanov", + "crimean", + "russian", + "investigative committee of russia", + "bulgaria" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election.json b/json/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55ed5b9d926be5e165abb98b6dc9333c8f5b6b29 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election.json @@ -0,0 +1,960 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election", + "summary": "Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 3 April 2022 to elect the National Assembly, coinciding with a referendum.Hungary's incumbent prime minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n declared victory on Sunday night, with partial results showing his Fidesz party leading the vote by a wide margin. Addressing his supporters after the partial results, Orb\u00e1n said: \"We won a victory so big that you can see it from the moon, and you can certainly see it from Brussels\". Opposition leader P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay admitted defeat shortly after Orb\u00e1n's speech. Reuters described it as a \"crushing victory\".The election had been predicted to be closer than in previous years, but Fidesz still held a 5\u20136 percentage point lead in the polls leading up to the vote. OSCE deployed a full monitoring mission for the vote. With Orb\u00e1n seeking a fourth consecutive term in office, preliminary results showed his party Fidesz outperforming polls, winning its first absolute majority of the vote share since 2010 while expanding its supermajority to control 135 seats of the 199-seat Parliament, comfortably ahead of the opposition alliance United for Hungary, which was set to win 57 seats after 100% of the votes had been counted. The Mi Haz\u00e1nk party won seats for the first time, obtaining 6 seats.With 54.13% of the popular vote, Fidesz received the highest vote share by any party since the fall of communism in 1989.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Amendment of the electoral law", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The electoral law, under which the previous two elections were held (2014, 2018), specified the number of constituency candidates a party needed to run nationwide at 27, in at least 9 counties.", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 15 December 2020, the National Assembly, in which the governing parties held the needed 2/3 majority, voted to increase the requirements to a total of 71 constituency candidates in at least 14 counties and the capital", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Creation of joint opposition list", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In 2019 local elections, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, Dialogue and numerous other parties or independent candidates ran in joint lists", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It enabled opposition parties to win the majority in the General Assembly of Budapest and in ten of the 23 cities with county rights", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 13 August 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, MLP, UK and Dialogue decided to field joint candidates in all of Hungary's 106 constituencies and launch a joint program for the elections", + "refs": [ + "https://www.valasztas.hu/d4/onk19/szavossz/onkval/hu/kiemelt.html", + "http://www.atv.hu/videok/video-20200814-liberalisok-az-ellenzeknek-most-nem-szabad-szethuznia" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 15 November 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue agreed on running with a common candidate for Prime Minister, to be selected in a primary election", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They expect the candidate to be selected by 23 October 2021", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 20 December 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue decided on running together on a common list, solidifying their electoral alliance", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The leaders of the respective parties have also signed a declaration containing the terms of their cooperation, titled \"Korszakv\u00e1lt\u00e1s Garanci\u00e1i\" (\"Principles for Hungary's governance after 2022\")", + "refs": [ + "https://telex.hu/belfold/2020/11/16/kozos-miniszterelnok-jeloltet-allitanak-az-ellenzeki-partok-2022-re", + "https://m.hvg.hu/itthon/20201220_Megszuletett_a_teljes_ellenzeki_osszefogas" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The opposition coalition was very ideologically diverse, something described by observers as a potential hindrance to presenting a united front to defeat Orb\u00e1n", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Opposition primary", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Opposition primary was held in Hungary, between 12 and 27 September 2021 (first round) and 10\u201316 October 2021 (second round), to select the candidate for Prime Minister of Hungary supported by the opposition parties to form a coalition to compete in the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was the first countrywide primary election in the political history of Hungary.", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 17 October 2021, non-partisan candidate P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay won in the runoff (second round) of the opposition primary, becoming the United Opposition candidate in the election for prime minister", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The parties had also selected common candidates for single-member districts via the primary in the first round", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Electoral system", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The 199 members of the National Assembly are to be elected by mixed-member majoritarian representation with two methods; 106 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, with the remaining 93 elected from a single nationwide constituency mostly by proportional representation, via a partially compensatory system (a hybrid of parallel voting and mixed single vote)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The electoral threshold is set at 5%, although this is raised to 10% for coalitions of two parties and 15% for coalitions of three or more parties", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The governing party is allowed to draw the boundaries of the single-member constituencies, and the boundaries were gerrymandered by the Fidesz government prior to the 2014 elections", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The redrawing was done in a way that smaller constituencies (with fewer than 70,000 voters) had higher concentrations of Fidesz voters than larger constituencies (over 80,000 voters), meaning fewer votes were required to elect Fidesz constituency candidates", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In 2010 seats varied in population by 35%", + "refs": [ + "http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2141_B.htm" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since 2014 each of the Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Ukrainian ethnic minorities can win one of the 93 party lists seats if they register as a specific list and reach a lowered quota of 14\u00d793=1372\u22480.27%{\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{4\\times 93}}={\\frac {1}{372}}\\approx 0.27\\%} of the total of party list votes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Each minority is able to send a minority spokesman \u2013 without the rights of a MP \u2013 to the National Assembly, if the list does not reach this lowered quota", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Due to internal disputes, the National Self-Government of Romani did not participate in the election", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Parties and coalitions", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The following parties are represented in the National Assembly, or are commonly included in public opinion polling:", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Opinion polls", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Results", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Result by constituency", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Party list results by county and in the diaspora", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftermath", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Hungary's incumbent prime minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n declared victory on Sunday night, with partial results showing his Fidesz party leading the vote by a wide margin", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Addressing his supporters after the partial results, Orb\u00e1n said: \"We won a victory so big that you can see it from the moon, and you can certainly see it from Brussels\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Orb\u00e1n would go on to declare his victory as a rebuke against the Hungarian left, international media, George Soros, the \"Brussels bureaucrats\", and Volodymyr Zelenskyy", + "refs": [ + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/01/11/aprilis-3-ara-irta-ki-a-valasztast-ader-janos" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Opposition leader P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay admitted defeat shortly after Orb\u00e1n's speech", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reuters described it as a \"crushing victory.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-viktor-orban-europe-nato-budapest-e29b5d42a86086bb65b413e2b6d1c2bc", + "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The election had been predicted to be closer than in previous years, but Fidesz still held a 5\u20136 percentage point lead in the polls leading up to the vote", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "OSCE deployed a full monitoring mission for the vote", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/hungarians-vote-orbans-12-year-rule-tight-ballot-overshadowed-by-ukraine-war-2022-04-03/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "With Orb\u00e1n seeking a fourth consecutive term in office, preliminary results showed his party Fidesz was set to outperform polls, retain its supermajority and control 135 seats of the 199-seat Parliament, comfortably ahead of the opposition alliance United for Hungary, which was set to win 57 seats after 100% of the votes had been counted", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Mi Haz\u00e1nk party won seats for the first time, obtaining 6 seats", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rferl.org/a/hungary-elections-osce-orban-fraud/31783927.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Analysis", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Domestically, the degree of Fidesz's victory was attributed to Fidesz's influence over the domestic media landscape, voters' desire for stability during the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, strong ideological differences within the main opposition coalition, the perception of M\u00e1rki-Zay as inexperienced, and urban\u2013rural political polarization", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Some analysts claimed that the majority of Jobbik voters turned out for Fidesz or Mi Haz\u00e1nk instead of the united opposition", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "M\u00e1rki-Zay shared this assessment, admitting that the united opposition may have lost up to \"two thirds\" of Jobbik voters", + "refs": [ + "https://vtr.valasztas.hu/ogy2022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Other opposition leaders could not immediately agree on how to assess their defeat", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60977917" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "DK leader Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny and Jobbik leader P\u00e9ter Jakab blamed M\u00e1rky-Zay, while Bernadett Sz\u00e9l and \u00c1kos Hadh\u00e1zy did not", + "refs": [ + "https://www.axios.com/hungary-election-orbn-slams-zelensky-after-win-d54ce9a0-ccb5-4aa5-b9bb-a392198cef87.html", + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/europe/hungary-election-results-viktor-orban-intl/index.html", + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/a-fidesz-ujabb-ketharmadanak-ot-fontos-tanulsaga-ot-pontban" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "P\u00e9ter Ung\u00e1r claimed that while it was a \"strategic mistake\" for a center-left alliance to nominate the conservative M\u00e1rky-Zay, the united opposition's \"elitist\" rhetoric may have hurt it with rural voters even in traditionally left-leaning constituencies", + "refs": [ + "https://politicalcapital.hu/hirek.php?article_read=1&article_id=2989" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Politico predicted Orb\u00e1n's victory would lead to further clashes between the Hungarian government and European Union institutions", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Analysts found that Fidesz performed strongest in areas with high birthrates and with lower educational or economic attainment, while the united opposition did best in Budapest and in a few other urban areas", + "refs": [ + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/jakab-peter-jobbik-valasztas-2022-marki-zay-peter-eredmeny", + "https://hang.hu/belfold/jakab-peter-epp-eleget-mostam-mar-marki-zay-szennyeset-139141", + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/03/valasztas-2022-percrol-percre-elo-tudositas" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Conduct", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "International observers' assessments of the electoral process were mixed", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) monitoring mission evaluated that \"the legal framework forms an adequate basis for democratic elections to be held, but a number of key aspects fall short of international standards.\" The OSCE added that the election day passed peacefully, with observers assessing the process as well-organized, orderly, and smooth", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The monitoring mission further reported that the elections \"offered voters distinct alternatives and were well run, but, while competitive, was marred by the pervasive overlapping of government and ruling coalition\u2019s messaging that blurred the line between state and party, as well as by media bias and opaque campaign funding.\" Human Rights Watch stated that the election was \"marred by serious concerns about its fairness,\" adding that the \"EU has responded insufficiently to the hollowing out of democracy and the rule of law in Hungary,\" while Freedom House described the election as neither free nor fair", + "refs": [ + "https://www.politico.eu/article/orban-win-sets-stage-for-more-eu-battles-on-democracy-and-russia/", + "https://hungarytoday.hu/more-people-vote-for-governing-fidesz-in-places-with-many-children/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Anomalies over postal ballots", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Since the 2014 parliamentary election, the right to vote is extended to Hungarian citizens, after a registration process, who do not have a permanent residence in Hungary (i.e", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "mostly the Hungarian diaspora in the neighboring countries, who have dual citizenship); however, they can only vote for the national list of Hungarian parties, so they do not have a chance to vote in individual constituencies", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Unlike those Hungarians who have a Hungarian address but live abroad, the members of the Hungarian diaspora can cast their ballots by post without having to travel to an embassy or consulate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Critics say this method do not provide sufficient guarantees to prevent election fraud", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since 2014, the ruling party Fidesz\u2013KDNP usually acquired more than 90 percent of the vote among the Hungarian diaspora", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Transtelex.ro, a Hungarian-language Romanian news portal revealed all possible frauds allowed by the legally undeveloped system", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "For instance, the registration process was not secure, as the data allowed a voter to register on behalf of another person and retrieve voting documents to any address", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the case of identification sheets, it was not possible to determine with absolute certainty whether it had actually been completed by the person whose name appears on it", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "As a result of a change in legislation in 2021, it was possible to return the vote without the posted security sealed envelope, therefore, there was no guarantee that the ballot paper had not been replaced", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "There were several reports that a person could also easily vote on behalf of their family members", + "refs": [ + "https://balkaninsight.com/2022/04/08/democracy-digest-aftermath-of-hungary-election/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Telex.hu reported a case that grandparents of a woman from Odorheiu Secuiesc, who resided in Budapest in the weeks of the election, filled her personal data and voted on her behalf", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "She said, \"I have already been outraged that they have filled in the official paper and sent it for me, abusing my personal rights, but, in addition, they have voted for a party that I do not support because it represents an ideologically opposed position to me\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to reports, the activists of the Fidesz-ally Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ) delivered the ballot papers instead of the Po\u0161ta Srbije in Vojvodina, Serbia", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "News portal Szabad Magyar Sz\u00f3 reported that the party officials sent messages to the registered voters to come to the local offices of the VMSZ to cast their ballot there", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Transylvania, Romania, pro-Fidesz organizations and parties of the Hungarian minority, including the parliamentary party Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR or RMDSZ) also urged the registered voters to pass on their votes to them and not to entrust the postal service with the delivery of their ballot papers, because there is less chance that the vote will reach Hungary", + "refs": [ + "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-fidesz-voters-villages/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In response, the Po\u0219ta Rom\u00e2n\u0103 complained against the call", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the area between Livezeni and T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 in Romania, a bag containing partially burnt Hungarian election postal ballot papers was found on illegal waste dump on 1 April 2022", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Every ballot papers were filled out with votes for the opposition United for Hungary alliance or Our Homeland Movement", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Election Office (NVI) and the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (TASZ) filed a criminal complaint over the burnt ballot papers to the Hungarian Police", + "refs": [ + "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/05/hungary-ruling-partys-lock-power-threatens-eu" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay, prime minister-candidate of the United for Hungary called on the annulment of all postal votes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Anna Orosz of the Momentum Movement demanded that the government ensure a level playing field for all Hungarian citizens voting abroad", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Jobbik politician D\u00e1niel Z", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "K\u00e1rp\u00e1t compared the scandal with the infamous \"blue-ballot\" election in 1947", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Fidesz blamed the United for Hungary for burning the ballot papers, saying \"the desperate left-wing is capable of anything despicable\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Fidesz-ally UDMR also condemned the \"accusations of election fraud\", assuming \"an organized provocation\" against the ethnic Hungarian minority in Romania", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Election Commission (NVB) announced on 3 April it will not investigate the issue of the discarded and burned postal ballots, because the election law only covers the territory of Hungary", + "refs": [ + "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-fidesz-voters-villages/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Curia of Hungary upheld the NVB's decision on 10 April 2022", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The ruling Fidesz acquired 93.91 percent of the mail votes, which accounted for 8% of all votes cast on the party's national list", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This meant an extra mandate for Fidesz", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The United for Hungary and the Our Homeland gained only 4.1 and 1.06 percent, respectively", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "International responses", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Heads of government and heads of state congratulating Orb\u00e1n on his victory included Russian president Vladimir Putin, Czech president Milo\u0161 Zeman, Slovenian prime minister Janez Jan\u0161a, Croatian prime minister Andrej Plenkovi\u0107, Kazakh president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi, Albanian prime minister Edi Rama, Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Israeli president Isaac Herzog, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Bulgarian president Rumen Radev, Kyrgyz president Sadyr Japarov, Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko, Serbian president Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107, Slovak prime minister Eduard Heger, Chinese premier Li Keqiang, Austrian chancellor Karl Nehammer, and Czech prime minister Petr Fiala", + "refs": [ + "https://transtelex.ro/kozelet/2022/03/30/magyarorszagi-valasztasok-levelszavazatok-visszaeles", + "https://telex.hu/kozelet/2022/03/31/sajat-nagyszulei-nyultak-le-a-szavazatat-a-szekelyudvarhelyi-lakosnak", + "https://xpatloop.com/channels/2022/04/dumped-hungarian-postal-ballots-found-in-transylvania.html", + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/10/a-kuria-szerint-sem-vizsgalhatja-az-nvb-a-marosvasarhelyen-talalt-levelszavazatok-ugyet", + "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre", + "https://hungarytoday.hu/putin-orban-hungary-election-victory-congratulates/", + "https://english.sta.si/3021907/jansa-congratulates-orban-on-re-election", + "https://www.glasistre.hr/svijet/premijer-plenkovic-cestitao-orbanu-i-vucicu-788369", + "https://www.inform.kz/en/president-tokayev-sends-congratulatory-letter-to-prime-minister-of-hungary-viktor-orb-n_a3918972", + "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/", + "https://www.origo.hu/nagyvilag/20180413-abdel-fattah-esz-sziszi-es-jens-stoltenberg-gratulalt-orban-viktornak.html", + "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/", + "https://izraelinfo.com/2022/04/07/izrael-elnoke-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak/", + "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Other politicians and political parties to congratulate Orb\u00e1n included Matteo Salvini, leader of Italy's Northern League and former deputy prime minister, Hunor Kelemen, leader of Romania's UDMR and deputy prime minister, Nigel Farage, former leader of United Kingdom's Brexit Party, former Slovak prime minister Robert Fico, former U.S", + "refs": [ + "https://bnr.bg/en/post/101626959/president-radev-congratulates-orban-and-vucic-for-their-election-victories", + "https://hvg.hu/itthon/20220405_donald_trump_orban_viktor_gratulacio", + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez", + "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "president Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen, leader of France's National Rally, Dutch Party for Freedom politician Geert Wilders, Milorad Dodik, the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Spanish political party Vox", + "refs": [ + "https://ujszo.com/kozelet/heger-is-gratulalt-orbannak-a-valasztasi-gyozelmehez", + "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez", + "https://www.trt.net.tr/magyar/turkiye-30/2022/04/05/telefonon-targyalt-erdogan-es-orban-1807687" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reflecting ongoing tensions over Russian sanctions, Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki was slightly more reserved but said that \"regardless of [Poland's] relations with Hungary, we must note that the Fidesz-Christian Democrat alliance won its fourth consecutive election with the best possible results.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://hungarytoday.hu/salvini-first-to-hail-orban-win/", + "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The President of the European Council, Charles Michel, also congratulated Orb\u00e1n, while the Secretary General of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, expressed \"acknowledgment\" of the results", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two days after the election, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen announced that the commission would begin cutting funding to Hungary over rule-of-law concerns", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Hungarian government officials criticized the move as an attempt to \"punish Hungarian voters.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=522298022586008&id=100044174450694", + "https://twitter.com/Nigel_Farage/status/1510881124297367553" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Notes", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "27": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "28": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "29": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "30": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "2": "https://www.portfolio.hu/gazdasag/20220111/megvan-mikor-lesznek-a-2022-es-parlamenti-valasztasok-520568", + "3": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/01/11/aprilis-3-ara-irta-ki-a-valasztast-ader-janos", + "4": "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-viktor-orban-europe-nato-budapest-e29b5d42a86086bb65b413e2b6d1c2bc", + "5": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html", + "6": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/hungarians-vote-orbans-12-year-rule-tight-ballot-overshadowed-by-ukraine-war-2022-04-03/", + "7": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html", + "8": "https://www.rferl.org/a/hungary-elections-osce-orban-fraud/31783927.html", + "9": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/03/viktor-orban-expected-to-win-big-majority-in-hungarian-general-election", + "10": "https://hungarytoday.hu/mi-hazank-election-result-parliament-2022/", + "11": "https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1100203.tv", + "12": "https://24.hu/belfold/2020/12/15/alaptorveny-alkotmany-szavazas-parlament/", + "13": "https://www.valasztas.hu/d4/onk19/szavossz/onkval/hu/kiemelt.html", + "14": "http://www.atv.hu/videok/video-20200814-liberalisok-az-ellenzeknek-most-nem-szabad-szethuznia", + "15": "https://www.facebook.com/ujkezdet.hu/posts/1177571019289148", + "16": "https://hungarytoday.hu/opposition-to-field-joint-candidates-in-all-constituencies-in-2022/", + "17": "https://telex.hu/belfold/2020/11/16/kozos-miniszterelnok-jeloltet-allitanak-az-ellenzeki-partok-2022-re", + "18": "https://m.hvg.hu/itthon/20201220_Megszuletett_a_teljes_ellenzeki_osszefogas", + "19": "https://www.politico.eu/article/hungary-opposition-unites-in-bid-to-unseat-orban/", + "20": "https://www.politico.eu/article/inside-the-hungarian-opposition-uphill-battle-to-beat-viktor-orban-fidesz-party/", + "21": "https://www.politico.eu/article/conservative-peter-marki-zay-wins-hungary-opposition-race-to-face-viktor-orban-in-2022/", + "22": "http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2141_B.htm", + "23": "https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/04/02/a-wild-gerrymander-makes-hungarys-fidesz-party-hard-to-dislodge", + "24": "https://www.valaszonline.hu/2022/01/18/valasztasi-foldrajz-keruletek-lakossag-aranytalansag-elemzes/", + "25": "http://www.valasztas.hu/web/national-election-office/parliamentary-elections-2018", + "26": "https://444.hu/2022/02/01/botranyos-kozgyules-utan-nemzetisegi-lista-nelkul-maradt-az-orszagos-roma-onkormanyzat", + "31": "https://vtr.valasztas.hu/ogy2022", + "32": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60977917", + "33": 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"https://telex.hu/kozelet/2022/03/31/sajat-nagyszulei-nyultak-le-a-szavazatat-a-szekelyudvarhelyi-lakosnak", + "54": "https://xpatloop.com/channels/2022/04/dumped-hungarian-postal-ballots-found-in-transylvania.html", + "55": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/10/a-kuria-szerint-sem-vizsgalhatja-az-nvb-a-marosvasarhelyen-talalt-levelszavazatok-ugyet", + "56": "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre", + "57": "https://hungarytoday.hu/putin-orban-hungary-election-victory-congratulates/", + "58": "https://english.sta.si/3021907/jansa-congratulates-orban-on-re-election", + "59": "https://www.glasistre.hr/svijet/premijer-plenkovic-cestitao-orbanu-i-vucicu-788369", + "60": "https://www.inform.kz/en/president-tokayev-sends-congratulatory-letter-to-prime-minister-of-hungary-viktor-orb-n_a3918972", + "61": "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/", + "62": 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"72": "https://twitter.com/Nigel_Farage/status/1510881124297367553", + "73": "https://www.vg.hu/kozelet/2022/04/donald-trump-is-gratulalt-orban-viktor-gyozelmehez", + "74": "https://www.facebook.com/MarineLePen/posts/523621595799415", + "75": "https://twitter.com/vox_es/status/1510741887887499264", + "76": "https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-commission-to-trigger-rule-of-law-budget-tool-against-hungary/", + "77": "https://telex.hu/belfold/2022/04/05/reagalt-a-kormany-a-jogallamisagi-eljarasra-brusszel-hibazik-amikor-ugyanazt-a-notat-fujja-mint-a-magyar-baloldal" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "hungary": "GPE", + "3 april 2022": "DATE", + "the national assembly": "ORG", + "viktor orb\u00e1n": "PERSON", + "sunday night": "TIME", + "orb\u00e1n": "ORG", + "brussels": "GPE", + "p\u00e9ter m\u00e1rki-zay": "PERSON", + "reuters": "ORG", + "previous years": "DATE", + "5\u20136": "CARDINAL", + "osce": "ORG", + "fourth": "ORDINAL", + "first": "ORDINAL", + "2010": "DATE", + "135": "CARDINAL", + 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"ORG", + "jens stoltenberg": "PERSON", + "two days": "DATE", + "european commission": "ORG", + "ursula von der": "PERSON", + "leyen": "GPE" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "rusyn", + "jobbik", + "li keqiang", + "eduard heger", + "croatian", + "kassym-jomart tokayev", + "national election commission", + "freedom house", + "hunor kelemen", + "vojvodina", + "andrej plenkovi\u0107", + "karl nehammer", + "spanish", + "belarusian", + "israeli", + "curia of hungary", + "kazakh", + "bernadett sz\u00e9l", + "hungarians", + "fidesz-ally alliance of vojvodina hungarians", + "transylvania", + "serbian", + "tasz", + "armenian", + "petr fiala", + "fidesz-ally", + "democratic coalition", + "osce", + "politico", + "nvi", + "our homeland movement", + "d\u00e1niel z", + "po\u0219ta rom\u00e2n\u0103", + "hungary.", + "polish", + "austrian", + "ukrainian", + "milorad dodik", + "european union", + "milo\u0161 zeman", + "recep tayyip erdo\u011fan", + "nato", + "slovenian", + "szabad magyar sz\u00f3", + "france", + "ukraine", + "bosnia and herzegovina", + "hungarian-language", + "brussels", + "kyrgyz", + "rumen radev", + "donald trump", + "uk", + "udmr", + "albanian", + "united for hungary", + "serbia", + "united", + "edi rama", + "mszp", + "p\u00e9ter ung\u00e1r", + "ferenc gyurcs\u00e1ny", + "dutch party for freedom", + "eu", + "k\u00e1rp\u00e1t", + "dialogue", + "janez jan\u0161a", + "momentum movement", + "hungary", + "northern league", + "narendra modi", + "anna orosz", + "german", + "orb\u00e1n", + "poland", + "brexit party", + "turkish", + "romanian", + "vladimir putin", + "isaac herzog", + "p\u00e9ter m\u00e1rki-zay", + "po\u0161ta srbije", + "geert wilders", + "fidesz-christian democrat", + "serb", + "transtelex.ro", + "ursula von der leyen", + "chinese", + "\u00e1kos hadh\u00e1zy", + "rmdsz", + "presidency of", + "jens stoltenberg", + "p\u00e9ter jakab", + "marine le pen", + "nvb", + "united opposition", + "national rally", + "romania", + "european council", + "bulgarian", + "m\u00e1rky-zay", + "t\u00e2rgu mure\u0219", + "our homeland", + "human rights watch", + "fidesz", + "volodymyr zelenskyy", + "robert fico", + "u.s", + "budapest", + "livezeni", + "national self-government of romani", + "mateusz morawiecki", + "dk", + "mi haz\u00e1nk", + "national assembly", + "general assembly of budapest", + "lmp", + "organization for security and co-operation in europe", + "hungarian police", + "sadyr japarov", + "nigel farage", + "hungarian", + "matteo salvini", + "vox", + "egyptian", + "abdel fattah el-sisi", + "charles michel", + "united kingdom", + "national election office", + "european commission", + "m\u00e1rki-zay", + "korszakv\u00e1lt\u00e1s garanci\u00e1i", + "slovak", + "telex.hu", + "mlp", + "kdnp", + "romani", + "vmsz", + "odorheiu secuiesc", + "viktor orb\u00e1n", + "alexander lukashenko", + "aleksandar vu\u010di\u0107", + "pro-fidesz", + "czech", + "italy", + "russian", + "reuters", + "hungarian civil liberties union", + "indian", + "george soros", + "democratic alliance of hungarians", + "greek" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Istanbul_bombing.json b/json/2022_Istanbul_bombing.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1d02143bd7c05168ab163fb5e30759e134a440e --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Istanbul_bombing.json @@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Istanbul_bombing", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Istanbul_bombing", + "summary": "A terrorist attack occurred on \u0130stiklal Avenue in the Beyo\u011flu district of Istanbul, Turkey, on 13 November 2022 (2022-11-13), killing 6 people and injuring 81 others.No group has claimed responsibility, but Turkish authorities announced that Kurdish separatists were behind the attack, implicating the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Syrian Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Turkey's interior minister, S\u00fcleyman Soylu, announced the arrest of the bomber and forty-six others.The city experienced previous terrorist attacks during the late 20th and early 21st century by Kurdish separatists and Islamist insurgents. An Islamic State suicide bombing in the same district killed four people in 2016.PKK, and SDF denied involvements in the bombing. On 20 November, Turkey launched Operation Claw-Sword, bombing nearly 500 targets in Syria and Iraq.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "During the late 20th and early 21st century, Islamists and Kurdish nationalists carried out many attacks in Istanbul, including a suicide bombing attack in March 2016 in \u0130stiklal Avenue, which killed five people", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Islamic State-Turkey conflict", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The last attack by Islamic State in Turkey was a mass shooting in Ortak\u00f6y, Be\u015fikta\u015f, Istanbul, in 2017, in which 39 people were killed", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "PKK-Turkey conflict", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "For decades, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has led an insurgency in Turkey, demanding Kurdish self-rule in southeastern Turkey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An estimated 45,000 and 15,000 people have been killed in the conflict in Turkey and in its southern neighbor countries, [citation needed] respectively", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists", + "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "PKK is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the European Union, and the United States", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The People's Defense Units (YPG) are a Syrian Kurdish group related to Turkey's PKK while part of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) which controls northeastern Syria; both YPG and SDF are supported by the US, leading to tensions between Turkey and the US", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists", + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The 2013\u20132015 ceasefire supported by Erdogan and PKK gave hope for a long-term peace to the conflict in Turkey", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In June 2015, the parliamentary elections delivered AKP's government a major defeat, losing its majority, while pro-Kurdish-rights HDP made notable progresses", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Soon after, the Ceylanp\u0131nar incident was considered a casus belli to return to full scale confrontation, resulting in much higher monthly death tolls", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Erdogan conveyed the November 2015 snap elections, regaining AKP's majority through security concerns", + "refs": [ + "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since the 2016 Turkish coup attempt and the following purges, political discourse, media, public speech as well as academic and judiciary voices are heavily monitored, with nearly no possible opposition to governmental discourse", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "While the intensity of the PKK-Turkey conflict in Turkey decrease in recent years, since 2015, Turkey lead nearly 12 external military operations resulting in the deaths of an estimated 15,000 neighbouring citizens", + "refs": [ + "https://turkishminute.com/2022/10/29/ogans-alliance-leaves-turkeys-opposition-bloc-behind-without-votes-of-pro-kurdish-hdp-poll/", + "https://nordicmonitor.com/2019/03/turkish-intelligence-vetted-journalists-working-at-kurdish-state-tv/", + "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As of 2022, Turkey is heading toward its 2023 Turkish general election which is expected to be a major challenge for the AKP party due to economic slowdown and very high inflation", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the past decade, Erdo\u011fan and the AKP government used anti-PKK, security, martial rhetoric and external operations to raise Turkish nationalist votes before elections", + "refs": [ + "https://www.duvarenglish.com/peoples-inflation-for-basic-goods-at-177-percent-in-turkey-news-61461", + "https://www.euronews.com/2022/11/03/annual-inflation-in-turkey-reaches-record-25-year-high-of-855" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In between, security concerns and anti-terrorism laws have been used to repress and neutralize elected oppositions", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106", + "https://ipa.news/2019/04/16/acquittal-of-nine-ceylanpinar-murder-suspects-upheld/", + "https://www.mei.edu/publications/can-erdogan-survive-without-kurdish-question" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Opposition HDP elected officials are systematically probed, arrested, dismissed based on tenuous accusations, to then be replaced by pro-government AKP appointees", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In April 2022, as Turkey continued Operation Claw-Lock and strikes against PKK and YPG targets, senior Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) commander, Duran Kalkan publicly said: \"We will attack everywhere in Turkey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Not only military targets and military positions, but large cities", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Areas they don't expect will become war zones\" unless Turkey halts its operations", + "refs": [ + "https://eeradicalization.com/a-terrorist-attack-in-turkey-and-the-hunt-for-the-perpetrators/", + "https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/11/15/fojb-n15.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since May 2022, Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan and his government have called for new external ground operations toward autonomous territories in Syria and ramped up attacks on the area", + "refs": [ + "https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/pkkyi-pence-kilit-korkusu-sardi-elebasi-murat-karayilan-careyi-eylem-cagrisi-yapmakta-buldu-3806256" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The PKK, SDF, and the YPG have denied any involvement and the AANES accused Turkey with having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Bombing", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The explosion occurred at 4:20\u00a0pm on 13 November 2022, on \u0130stiklal Avenue in Beyo\u011flu, in the European part of Istanbul", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "\u0130stiklal Avenue is a popular tourist street and one of the main roads leading to Taksim Square", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The bomb went off in front of a shopping store", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At the time of the blast, the area was more crowded than normal, as a football club was preparing to play nearby", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to Turkish news portal OdaTV, the explosion was caused by an improvised explosive device containing TNT", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/middleeast/turkey-explosion-istanbul.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The blast caused windows to break and images circulating on social media showed people bleeding", + "refs": [ + "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/emniyet-laboratuvar-sonuclarini-paylasti-patlamada-tnt-kullanildi-702719h" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Firefighters and ambulances rushed to the scene", + "refs": [ + "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The police set up a perimeter around the scene around the bombing site and banned people from going to \u0130stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Victims", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Six people were killed and at least 81 others were injured by the explosion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The dead were all Turkish citizens, a man and his nine-year-old daughter; a woman and her teenage daughter, and a married couple", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552", + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Of the 81 treated in hospital, 61 were released", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/deadly-istanbul-bombing-sparks-fear-and-defiance-in-turkey" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "By 15 November, twenty were still being treated in hospital", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Investigation", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "State investigation", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Istanbul's Chief Public Prosecutors' Office quickly opened an investigation after the attack, and at least eight prosecutors have been assigned to the case", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Justice Minister Bekir Bozda\u011f said a woman was filmed sitting on a bench for about 40 minutes and that she left shortly before the blast", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The arrest of the main suspect in the attack, Ahlam Albashir, a female Syrian national, was reported a day after the bombing", + "refs": [ + "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "She had been working in the textile industry in Esenler district in Istanbul", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/turkish-police-arrest-suspect-in-istiklal-bombing" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Several of her co-workers were also detained and questioned", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two human traffickers who are suspected to have been trying to bring the suspect to Bulgaria were also detained", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since the attack, forty-nine people were detained and interrogated by twenty-nine prosecutors", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 18 November 2022, against seventeen people including the main suspect Ahlam Albashir arrest warrants have been issued", + "refs": [ + "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-terror-attack-was-from-manbij-minister-178632" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "One alleged accomplice of Albashir fled to Azaz, which is a Syrian town controlled by Turkey, where he was captured by the Turkish forces", + "refs": [ + "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/tuerkisches-gericht-erlaesst-nach-anschlag-in-istanbul-17-haftbefehle-18470749.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Turkish police said Albashir confirmed her affiliation with PKK and YPG, and that she had been trained by them as a special intelligence officer in Syria, entering Turkey through Afrin District", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-police-says-syrian-woman-main-suspect-detains-46-over-bombing-2022-11-14/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "During her interrogation she admitted having met her contact in Manbij, a city governed by the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) and on his orders travelled to Idlib where she met a man with whom she pretended to be married", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "They crossed the border to Turkey on 27 July 2022, her alleged partner bringing a bomb with him", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "They travelled to Istanbul the same day", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Kurdish forces denials and investigation", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The PKK, SDF, and the YPG have denied any involvement and the AANES accused Turkey with having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "SDF and YPG, via Mazloum Abdi, denounced the attack", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 22 November, SDF top military official Mazloum Abdi claimed the bomber, Albashir, to be related to IS jihadists via her brothers and past husbands, some of whom were killed in battles against Kurdish forces", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "More recently, she was inhabiting Turkey-controlled area within North-Western Syria", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Abdi called for peace between Turkey and Syrian Kurds, excluding any operation against Turkey in Turkey, and denying responsibility for the bombing", + "refs": [ + "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He vowed however to defend Syrian territories under AANES control", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He also deplores Erdogan's electoral strategy, preferring war and tension over a peace agreement with his forces, which would be an equally winning electoral strategy", + "refs": [ + "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "MHP connection", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Turkish Nationalist Movement Party's (MHP) president Mehmet Emin \u0130lhan of G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckonak, \u015e\u0131rnak was interrogated due to a call that was made from the telephone line registered in the name of \u0130lhan to the bombing attacker of Istiklal Avenue Ahlam Albashir", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ilhan was interrogated but not detained", + "refs": [ + "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUQQwUOKZns", + "https://medyanews.net/istanbul-bombing-arrest-of-suspect-produces-more-questions-than-answers/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He alleged that the PKK was to blame for it and that someone registered a telephone line in his name with a copy of his ID card", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/151120221" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Other events", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Jiyan Tosun, a lawyer and member of the Human Rights Association, was accused by Adem Taskaya, a politician of the far-right Victory Party, of having planted the bomb by order of the PKK", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Following this, she was threatened repeatedly and preferred to stay at a courthouse instead of returning home", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In January 2023, an investigation for illegally obtaining and releasing personal data was initiated against Taskaya", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftermath", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Around an hour after the explosion took place, a broadcast ban was issued by the Istanbul Criminal Court for all visual and audio news and social networking sites related to the incident", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Only interviews with government officials are allowed to be reported about", + "refs": [ + "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-explosion-istanbul-istiklal-street" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "CNN T\u00fcrk and TRT then stopped reporting on the incident", + "refs": [ + "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Internet speeds throughout Turkey and access to social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube have been significantly decreased since the attack", + "refs": [ + "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Istanbul's anti-terrorist office decided to suspend the rights of defense of suspects but also of Internet users who have shared \"negative information\" about the attack on social networks", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 20 November 2022, Turkish Air Force launched a series of airstrikes against Kurdish separatist positions in Northern Syria and Iraq, dubbed Operation Claw-Sword", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Despite dubious links, the Istanbul bombing and alleged link to YPG/PKK was used as justification for massive bombing of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria and its infrastructures", + "refs": [ + "https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/istanbul-terror-attack-more-it-seems-205905" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "About 500 targets were hit in Syria and Iraq", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/20/turkey-launches-air-raids-in-syria-iraq-over-istanbul-blast" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Top SDF officials called for resuming peace talks, avoid a deadly conflict, and vowed resistance if attacked", + "refs": [ + "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221123-turkey-vows-intent-stronger-than-ever-to-secure-syrian-border" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 24 February 2023, Turkish authorities reported that intelligence services had conducted an operation in northern Syria, killing the alleged mastermind of the attack, reported to be PKK member Halil Menci", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Internal reactions", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Government politicians", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Health Minister Fahrettin Koca said the victims were being treated in the hospitals nearby", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "President Erdo\u011fan released a statement, stating, \"After the treacherous attack, our members of the police went to the scene, and our wounded were sent to the surrounding hospitals", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Efforts to take over Turkey and the Turkish nation through terrorism will reach their goal neither today nor in the future, the same way they failed yesterday.\" Erdo\u011fan also said: \"The perpetrators would be punished.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dalkika-cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-istiklal-caddesindeki-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-42170258", + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Minister of the Interior S\u00fcleyman Soylu argued that the attack was carried out by the PKK in retaliation for the Turkish invasion of northeastern Syria and criticized the United States for its support of the Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) in north-eastern Syria", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He had previously blamed the United States for the attack in Mersin in September and had said that the US had funded the Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) up to $2\u00a0billion since 2019", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552", + "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-pkk-arrests-people", + "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729123230/https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-us/pentagon-2020-budget-allocates-550-million-kurdish-forces-syria" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Opposition", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu, the mayor of Istanbul, inspected the bombing site and called the population not to pay attention to misleading information on the incident", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP), Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, said immediately after the attack, \"We must unite against all forms of terrorism", + "refs": [ + "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "We must raise a common voice against all forms of terrorism and we must condemn terrorism", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "No matter where the terror comes from, whatever its source, 85 million people living in this country must be saying the same thing", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They must curse terrorism, those who commit it and those who support it", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "When we do this, we will have a unity of heart, it will be better for us to embrace each other.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://t24.com.tr/haber/kilicdaroglu-ndan-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-her-turlu-terore-karsi-ortak-ses-cikarmak-ve-teroru-lanetlemek-zorundayiz,1072110" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The chairwoman of the Good Party (\u0130Y\u0130) Meral Ak\u015fener condemned the attack, stating: \"I strongly condemn this vile attack", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "We would like those responsible to be caught as soon as possible\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP) expressed its \"deep sorrow and grief over the explosion that has killed six of our fellow citizens and injured 81 others\", adding that \"Our grief and sorrow is great", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "We wish God's mercy to the citizens who lost their lives\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The attack was also condemned by the imprisoned former chairman of the HDP Selahattin Demirta\u015f", + "refs": [ + "https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/turkish-opposition-deplores-deaths-in-istanbul-blast/ar-AA1441Zb" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Civil reactions", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Turkish Football Federation (TFF) announced that the S\u00fcper Lig match at Vodafone Park between Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "and Antalyaspor was postponed due to the bombing", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Several football clubs offered their condolences", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A day after the incident the avenue was decorated with 1200 Turkish flags as a way of remembering the victims of the bombing, and most tree benches on the \u0130stiklal were removed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "French writer Patrice Franceschi argues the attack is unlikely to be from Syrian Kurdish forces, who are pragmatically aware of Turkey's superior force and carefully avoid to provoke it and another Turkish operation in Syria", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Franceschi argues there are both electoral and ideological motives on the part of AKP government to put the blame on autonomous, socialist, egalitarian AANES, since their social vision and existence is in opposition with autocratic, increasingly Islamist and expansionist nationalism of the AKP government", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "International reactions", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Representatives of many governments condemned the attack and offered their condolences", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Condolences were also offered by international organizations such as the European Council, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and Organization of Turkic States (OTS)", + "refs": [ + "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/world-leaders-send-condolences-to-t\u00fcrkiye-over-istiklal-street-blast-62521", + "https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/intl-community-sends-condolences-after-istanbul-terrorist-attack", + "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lapid-herzog-send-condolences-to-turkey-over-istanbul-bombing/", + "https://twitter.com/charlesmichel/status/1591821697627607040", + "https://twitter.com/jensstoltenberg/status/1591839222440263680" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed his condolences to Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan the president of Turkey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Steinmeier said, \"In this moment of shock, we Germans stand by the citizens of Istanbul and the Turkish people.\" Steinmeier wrote Sunday, in step with an assertion from his office.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock also said: \"My thoughts are with the people who simply wanted to stroll on the Istiklal shopping street on a Sunday and have now become victims of a serious explosion.\" Baerbock also said, \"Our thoughts are with those who were injured, and our deepest condolences go to those who lost loved ones.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his condolences on Twitter", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Macron said, \"On this meaningful day for our nation, just as we commemorate those who lost their lives on November 13, 2015, the Turkish people were attacked from their heart, from Istanbul,\" Macron said, referring to November 2015 Paris attacks on the Bataclan theatre and other parts of Paris claimed by the so-called \"Islamic State\" militant group seven years ago", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "\"We share your pain", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Our condolences", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "We are with you in the fight against terrorism,\" Macron said", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The condolences offered by the U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "embassy in Turkey were rejected by the Turkish Interior Minister S\u00fcleyman Soylu, who repeated the claim that the attack was carried out by the US-supported YPG", + "refs": [ + "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/turkey-rejects-us-condolences-over-istanbul-attack-interior-minister/articleshow/95505670.cms", + "https://guardian.ng/news/turkish-interior-minister-rejects-u-s-condolences-after-terror-attack/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Left in the European Parliament \u2013 GUE/NGL argued AKP accusations linking the attack to Syrian YPG is an electoral strategy, using war mongering to distract from deepening economic context and to raise nationalist votes", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076", + "2": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221", + "3": "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-pkk-arrests-people", + "4": "https://anfenglish.com/news/hsm-denies-involvement-in-istanbul-explosion-calls-for-its-exposure-63661", + "5": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-bomber-believed-have-kurdish-links-islamic-state-ties-possible-senior-2022-11-14/", + "6": "https://tr.euronews.com/2022/11/14/pkk-saldiriyi-ustlenmedi-turk-yetkili-isid-ihtimalini-dislamadiklarini-soyledi", + "7": "https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2022/gundem/son-dakika-istiklal-caddesinde-patlama-7477808/", + "8": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/explosion-hits-istanbuls-istiklal-avenue-news-61533", + "9": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/istanbul-explosion-istiklal-avenue-turkey-b2224133.html", + "10": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/woman-suspect-terror-attack-istanbul-turkey-b2224244.html", + "11": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/turkish-police-arrest-suspect-in-istiklal-bombing", + "12": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/central-istanbul-blast-leaves-multiple-wounded-media-video-2022-11-13/", + "13": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/03/mazloum-abdi-kurds-syria-turkey-threat/", + "14": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/syrien-und-irak-tuerkei-bombardiert-kurdische-stellungen-18473916.html", + "15": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221123-turkey-vows-intent-stronger-than-ever-to-secure-syrian-border", + "16": "https://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/World/Middle-East/2022/1114/Istanbul-bombing-Turkey-swift-to-accuse-Kurdish-militants", + "17": "https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/terrorism", + "18": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/", + "19": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists", + "20": "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer", + "21": "https://turkishminute.com/2022/10/29/ogans-alliance-leaves-turkeys-opposition-bloc-behind-without-votes-of-pro-kurdish-hdp-poll/", + "22": "https://nordicmonitor.com/2019/03/turkish-intelligence-vetted-journalists-working-at-kurdish-state-tv/", + "23": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "24": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/peoples-inflation-for-basic-goods-at-177-percent-in-turkey-news-61461", + "25": "https://www.euronews.com/2022/11/03/annual-inflation-in-turkey-reaches-record-25-year-high-of-855", + "26": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106", + "27": "https://ipa.news/2019/04/16/acquittal-of-nine-ceylanpinar-murder-suspects-upheld/", + "28": "https://www.mei.edu/publications/can-erdogan-survive-without-kurdish-question", + "29": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/every-single-hdp-deputy-in-turkish-parliament-subject-to-probes-news-55914", + "30": "https://www.kurdishpeace.org/research/democracy/democracy-destroyed-turkey-crackdown-local-pro-kurdish-politics/", + "31": "https://www.kurdishpeace.org/app/uploads/2022/10/Democracy-Destroyed-_Trustee-Appointments-Have-Ended-Local-Democracy-for-Supporters-of-Pro-Kurdish-Parties_Final.pdf", + "32": "https://eeradicalization.com/a-terrorist-attack-in-turkey-and-the-hunt-for-the-perpetrators/", + "33": "https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/11/15/fojb-n15.html", + "34": "https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/pkkyi-pence-kilit-korkusu-sardi-elebasi-murat-karayilan-careyi-eylem-cagrisi-yapmakta-buldu-3806256", + "35": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221", + "36": "https://www.newarab.com/news/kurdish-groups-deny-involvement-istanbul-bombing", + "37": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six", + "38": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html", + "39": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/middleeast/turkey-explosion-istanbul.html", + "40": "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/emniyet-laboratuvar-sonuclarini-paylasti-patlamada-tnt-kullanildi-702719h", + "41": "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf", + "42": "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue", + "43": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552", + "44": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/deadly-istanbul-bombing-sparks-fear-and-defiance-in-turkey", + "45": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/istanbuldaki-teror-saldirisinda-yaralananlardan-61i-taburcu-edildi-20sinin-tedavisi-suruyor-/2738905", + "46": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html", + "47": "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria", + "48": "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers", + "49": "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-terror-attack-was-from-manbij-minister-178632", + "50": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/tuerkisches-gericht-erlaesst-nach-anschlag-in-istanbul-17-haftbefehle-18470749.html", + "51": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-police-says-syrian-woman-main-suspect-detains-46-over-bombing-2022-11-14/", + "52": "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground", + "53": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUQQwUOKZns", + "54": "https://medyanews.net/istanbul-bombing-arrest-of-suspect-produces-more-questions-than-answers/", + "55": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/151120221", + "56": "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment", + "57": "https://bianet.org/english/law/272416-far-right-politician-who-falsely-blamed-deadly-bombing-on-kurdish-lawyer-faces-jail-sentence", + "58": "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-explosion-istanbul-istiklal-street", + "59": "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/taksimdeki-teror-saldirisiyla-ilgili-savciliktan-gorulmemis-talep-702643h", + "60": "https://haber.sol.org.tr/haber/taksimdeki-patlamanin-ardindan-mahkemeden-dikkat-ceken-supheli-karari-355293", + "61": "https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/istanbul-terror-attack-more-it-seems-205905", + "62": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/20/turkey-launches-air-raids-in-syria-iraq-over-istanbul-blast", + "63": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/24/turkey-says-main-suspect-in-istanbul-bombing-killed-in-northern-syria/", + "64": "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/t%C3%BCrkiye-mastermind-of-istanbul-terror-attack-neutralised-in-syria-65622", + "65": "https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dalkika-cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-istiklal-caddesindeki-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-42170258", + "66": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076", + "67": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729123230/https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-us/pentagon-2020-budget-allocates-550-million-kurdish-forces-syria", + "68": "https://www.voanews.com/a/turkish-minister-says-deadly-gun-attack-was-america-based/6771667.html", + "69": "https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/war-on-terror/no-pkk-terrorists-will-remain-in-rural-turkiye-by-2023-minister-soylu", + "70": "https://t24.com.tr/haber/kilicdaroglu-ndan-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-her-turlu-terore-karsi-ortak-ses-cikarmak-ve-teroru-lanetlemek-zorundayiz,1072110", + "71": "https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/turkish-opposition-deplores-deaths-in-istanbul-blast/ar-AA1441Zb", + "72": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012", + "73": "https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/bombali-saldirinin-ardindan-istiklal-caddesi-turk-bayraklariyla-donatildi-2002655", + "74": "https://www.marianne.net/agora/entretiens-et-debats/patrice-franceschi-erdogan-viole-toutes-les-lois-internationales-en-attaquant-les-kurdes", + "75": "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/world-leaders-send-condolences-to-t\u00fcrkiye-over-istiklal-street-blast-62521", + "76": "https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/intl-community-sends-condolences-after-istanbul-terrorist-attack", + "77": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lapid-herzog-send-condolences-to-turkey-over-istanbul-bombing/", + "78": "https://twitter.com/charlesmichel/status/1591821697627607040", + "79": "https://twitter.com/jensstoltenberg/status/1591839222440263680", + "80": "https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/message-of-ots-regarding-the-explosion-in-istanbul-today_2683", + "81": "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886", + "82": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/turkey-rejects-us-condolences-over-istanbul-attack-interior-minister/articleshow/95505670.cms", + "83": "https://guardian.ng/news/turkish-interior-minister-rejects-u-s-condolences-after-terror-attack/", + "84": "https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3986281/t%C3%BCrkiye-rejects-us-condolences-over-blast", + "85": "https://left.eu/eu-silent-as-erdogan-electioneers-with-bombs/" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "i\u0307stiklal avenue": "FAC", + "beyo\u011flu": "GPE", + "istanbul": "GPE", + "turkey": "GPE", + "13 november 2022": "DATE", + "2022-11-13": "DATE", + "6": "CARDINAL", + "81": "CARDINAL", + "turkish": "NORP", + "kurdish": "NORP", + "the kurdistan workers' party": "ORG", + "pkk": "ORG", + "syrian": "NORP", + "syrian democratic forces": "ORG", + "sdf": "ORG", + "s\u00fcleyman soylu": "PERSON", + "forty-six": "CARDINAL", + "the late 20th": "DATE", + "early 21st century": "DATE", + "islamist": "NORP", + "islamic": "NORP", + "four": 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"erdo\u011fan", + "esenler", + "trt", + "united states", + "i\u0307lhan", + "abdi", + "kurdistan workers' party", + "european parliament", + "azaz", + "northern syria", + "i\u0307stiklal avenue", + "hdp", + "is", + "erdogan", + "tff", + "syrian democratic forces", + "adem taskaya", + "twitter", + "istiklal avenue ahlam albashir", + "organization of turkic states", + "ngl", + "istanbul criminal court", + "franceschi", + "youtube", + "nato", + "pkk-turkey", + "gue", + "s\u00fcleyman soylu", + "manbij", + "kemal k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu", + "good party", + "justice", + "facebook", + "turkish football federation", + "operation claw-lock", + "turkish air force", + "germans", + "human rights association", + "anti-pkk", + "patrice franceschi", + "taskaya", + "i\u0307yi\u0307", + "kurdish", + "mersin", + "syrian kurdish democratic union party", + "frank-walter steinmeier", + "\u015f\u0131rnak", + "european council", + "syria", + "be\u015fikta\u015f j.k.", + "antalyaspor", + "islamist", + "aanes", + "syrian kurdish syrian democratic forces", + "paris", + "meral ak\u015fener", + "u.s.", + "turkish", + "cnn t\u00fcrk", + "kurdish people's democratic party", + "emmanuel macron", + "afrin district", + "steinmeier", + "islamic state-turkey", + "recep tayyip erdo\u011fan", + "2016.pkk", + "syrian kurdish", + "god", + "north atlantic treaty organization", + "ahlam albashir", + "vodafone park", + "sdf", + "g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckonak", + "autonomous administration of north", + "ceylanp\u0131nar", + "ypg", + "bulgaria", + "s\u00fcper lig", + "german", + "istiklal", + "albashir", + "french", + "ortak\u00f6y", + "kurdish people's defense units", + "north-western syria", + "annalena baerbock", + "islamists", + "selahattin demirta\u015f", + "mazloum abdi", + "islamic state", + "akp", + "iraq", + "bekir bozda\u011f", + "taksim square", + "fahrettin koca", + "odatv", + "ilhan", + "us", + "pkk", + "internet", + "turkey-controlled", + "be\u015fikta\u015f", + "syrian", + "istanbul" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Luzon_earthquake.json b/json/2022_Luzon_earthquake.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14f5509f041c5c1aeb54dc69315fbe7849f4d12b --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Luzon_earthquake.json @@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Luzon_earthquake", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Luzon_earthquake", + "summary": "On July 27, 2022, at 8:43:24 a.m. (PHT), an earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw\u202f, with an epicenter in Abra province. Eleven people were reported dead and 615 were injured. At least 35,798 homes, schools and other buildings were damaged or destroyed, resulting in \u20b11.88 billion (US$34 million) worth of damage.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Earthquake", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The tectonics of the northern Philippines and around the island of Luzon are complex", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Luzon is bounded to the east and west by subduction zones", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the southern part of Luzon, the subduction zone is located east of the island along the Philippine Trench, where the Philippine Sea Plate subducts westward beneath the Sunda Plate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In northern Luzon, where the July 27 earthquake occurred, the subduction zone location and direction changes, with another trench (Manila Trench) located west of Luzon and the Sunda Plate subducts eastward beneath the Philippine Sea Plate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The complexity of plate tectonics on and around Luzon is evidenced by the diversity of faulting mechanisms in large earthquakes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Magnitude 7 or greater earthquakes in this region since 1970 have exhibited reverse, normal, and strike-slip faulting", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "These active plate boundaries lead to high seismic activity", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since 1970, 11 other earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 or larger have occurred within 250\u00a0km (155\u00a0mi) of the July 27, 2022, earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The largest of these earthquakes was a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on July 16, 1990, located approximately 215\u00a0km (134\u00a0mi) south of the July 27 earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 1,600 people died and more than 3,000 people were injured in the 1990 earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The 1990 earthquake also caused landslides, liquefaction, subsidence, and sand boils in the Baguio\u2013Cabanatuan\u2013Dagupan area", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Characteristics", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-reverse faulting", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Preliminary analysis indicates that the earthquake occurred on either of a low-angle reverse fault dipping to the east with a small component of left-lateral (strike-slip) motion, or on a steeply dipping reverse fault dipping to the northwest with a small component of right-lateral motion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The earthquake depth, mechanism, and location are consistent with the earthquake having occurred in the Philippine Sea Plate above the Sunda Plate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Sunda Plate subducts eastward beneath Luzon with the plate boundary located off the western coast of Luzon", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the USGS, the seismic moment released was 5.4e+19 N-m, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 7.1 (Mw\u202f)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A finite fault obtained from seismic inversion suggest rupture occurred along a east-dipping thrust fault, and produced a maximum displacement of 0.9\u00a0m (2\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was reported as 7.3 Ms\u202f by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The report was later revised to an earthquake of 7.0 Mw\u202f with the epicenter 3\u00a0km (1.9\u00a0mi) N 25\u00b0 W of Tayum, Abra at a depth of 17\u00a0km (11\u00a0mi)", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B1F.html", + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Despite being a relatively shallow event, no surface ruptures were identified", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A focal mechanism analysis indicate rupture on a reverse fault with either a northeast\u2013southwest striking, steep dipping (69\u00b0) plane or a north\u2013south, shallow dipping (8\u00b0) plane", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "PHIVOLCS initially suspected the earthquake may have occurred on the Abra River Fault", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Geologists had been aware of the potential for large earthquakes on the fault", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The last known earthquake on the fault was in 1868, measuring 4.0\u20135.0 in magnitude", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Abra River Fault is a northern extension of the Philippine Fault Zone", + "refs": [ + "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/abra-river-fault-which-last-moved-in-1868-may-have-triggered-powerful-quake-solidum/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As it runs through Luzon, it splays into three branches that runs beneath the southern Sierra Madre mountains, the Central Cordillera Mountains before terminating at the northern coast of the island", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The three branches strike north-south and are named (west to east) the Vigan-Agao Fault, the Abra River Fault and the Digdig Fault, respectively", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Philippine Fault Zone is associated with Pliocene and Quaternary uplift of the Cordillera Mountains", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Abra River and Digdig faults display pure strike-slip displacement, while the Vigan-Agao Fault display a large thrust component", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the northern part of Luzon, the Digdig Fault display a normal component", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However the steep-dipping plane and slip sense associated with the Abra River Fault is not consistent with rupture on it", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The fault which produced the mainshock had a shallow dip angle and produced oblique-reverse displacement", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A scientific journal published by Rimando and others in 2022 revealed the earthquake did not occur on any of the known faults in the area", + "refs": [ + "https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/fault-that-caused-a-july-quake-in-the-philippines-still-in-question-14355/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Modelling of the earthquake indicate a source west of and parallel to the Abra River Fault", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Pure dip-slip displacement of 95\u00a0cm (37\u00a0in) occurred at depths of 13\u201316\u00a0km (8.1\u20139.9\u00a0mi)", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftershocks", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "At least 3,496 aftershocks were recorded by PHIVOLCS, with magnitudes in the range of 1.4 to 5.1", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sixty-three were strong enough to be felt", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On July 28, PHIVOLCS revised the depth of focus of the earthquake to 15.0\u00a0km (9\u00a0mi)", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The strongest aftershock occurred on October 25, measuring Mww\u202f 6.4, and having a maximum intensity of VII (Very destructive) on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "It caused extensive damage to thousands of infrastructures including homes and roads, and left 139 people injured", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/October/2022_1025_1459_B4F.html", + "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000iwds/executive" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two days later, four soldiers giving aid to the affected area were attacked by the New People's Army, leaving two of them dead, another injured and one missing", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4210/SitRep_No._4_for_Magnitude_6.4_Earthquake_in_Lagayan_Abra_2022.pdf", + "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/28/2219924/ndrrmc-85-hurt-44k-families-affected-abra-quake/", + "https://apnews.com/article/science-philippines-manila-earthquakes-ferdinand-marcos-jr-be94326447233d3eae14763ada43dc1c", + "https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/10/26/22/look-rockslide-damaged-structure-in-wake-of-abra-quake", + "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/849281/part-of-church-belfry-falls-cracks-show-after-abra-quake/story/?amp" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 409 aftershocks were recorded by October 26", + "refs": [ + "https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2022/10/27/rebels-kill-two-soldiers-helping-with-aid-efforts-in-area-hit-by-earthquake/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Intensity", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS), intensity VII (Destructive) was instrumentally recorded in Vigan, corresponding to an intensity of VII (Very strong) in the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The maximum intensity of VIII (Very destructive) was experienced in isolated areas", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html", + "https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2023.1091595" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Intensity VII was reported in Bucloc and Manabo, Abra", + "refs": [ + "https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/15340-primer-on-the-27-july-2022-magnitude-mw-7-0-northwestern-luzon-earthquake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Vigan, Sinait, Bantay, San Esteban (in Ilocos Sur), Laoac (in Pangasinan), and Baguio, shaking corresponding to intensity VI (Very strong) was reported", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In an interview with a local radio station, Renato U", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Solidum, the head of PHIVOLCS, it was felt with \"relatively moderate intensity\" in Manila, the capital of the Philippines", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Tsunami", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Despite the earthquake having an inland epicentre, a tsunami of around 0.08\u00a0m (0.26\u00a0ft) was observed in Currimao, Ilocos Norte", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Response", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "PHIVOLCS stated that there was no tsunami threat, and an alert was not issued", + "refs": [ + "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/839533/no-tsunami-threat-phivolcs-assures-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Due to the inland epicenter, the earthquake could not cause seafloor uplift and trigger large waves", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, PHIVOLCS noted that shorelines and enclosed bodies of water may experience seiches due to oscillation from the earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP), power services in Manila and the surrounding provinces were uninterrupted", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The NGCP said that load tripping may have occurred", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Commanders of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Luzon were tasked to cooperate with the regional Risk Reduction and Management Office to maximize relief operations", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "All PNP infrastructures were also inspected for damage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Army and Coast Guard also were dispatched to the affected areas", + "refs": [ + "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/27/latest-stories/pnp-mobilizes-all-luzon-commanders-to-assist-in-quake-relief-operations/1852444" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "President Bongbong Marcos conducted a press briefing addressing the disaster and was scheduled to fly to Abra", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He was expected to coordinate with national and local government establishments in relief efforts, but was \"staying away\" at the present", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/", + "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He added that this was so that the local government could carry out their procedures without \"disturb(ing) the work (of local officials)\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "President Marcos has also called for telecommunication companies to give free communication to areas where transmission towers had collapsed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Local authorities stated that work and schools would be suspended in parts of Ilocos Norte to allow damage assessments to take place", + "refs": [ + "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the Ilocos region, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) said that it would be ready to serve the affected", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "More than 17,410 family food packs and 9,291 non-food items had been prepared and stored at warehouses, ready for distribution", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An additional \u20b12.70\u00a0million (US$48.6\u00a0thousand) was set as standby for emergency response", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Work and school was also suspended in Baguio by its mayor", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636023/dswd-prepares-aid-for-earthquake-hit-residents-in-ilocos-abra" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Governor of Abra, Dominic Valera, declared the entire province under a state of calamity", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Province officials also authorized the use of 58 percent of the Calamity Reserve Fund for relief efforts", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The House of Representatives said it would allocate funds in the national budget to restore damaged buildings, including affected heritage and cultural buildings", + "refs": [ + "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "UNICEF said that emergency supplies were on standby to support government relief efforts and to assist affected children and families", + "refs": [ + "https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/08/01/kongreso-susuportahan-ang-rehabilitasyon-ng-mga-lugar-na-nasalanta-ng-lindol-sa-abra" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "International aid", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Impact", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Eleven fatalities were reported, including four from a landslide, and at least 616 people were injured", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1641491/fwd-11-now-dead-in-abra-quake-ndrrmc/amp", + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide", + "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/30/news/national/death-toll-in-northern-luzon-quake-climbs-to-10/1852751" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "More than 513,330 people were affected, of which, 57,022 were displaced", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A total of 35,798 homes were affected, including 686 which were totally damaged", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An additional 177 healthcare infrastructures were destroyed", + "refs": [ + "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over 8,000 schools were affected", + "refs": [ + "https://www.peoplestonightonline.com/news/177-health-facilities-apektado-ng-lindol-sa-abra/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Eleven schools in Central Luzon, nine in the Cagayan Valley, eight from the Cordillera Administrative Region and seven in the Ilocos Region, were seriously damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2022/07/29/2198727/8k-paaralan-sinira-ng-lindol" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Department of Agriculture and National Irrigation Administration also reported damage estimated at \u20b156.4\u00a0million (US$1.02\u00a0million)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Irrigation Administration estimated around \u20b122.7\u00a0million (US$406,942) worth of damage to irrigation systems", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "There was an additional 2,383 buildings damaged, incurring a loss of \u20b11.81\u00a0billion (US$32.5\u00a0million)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Total damage was estimated to be worth \u20b11.88\u00a0billion (US$34\u00a0million)", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Abra", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "A preliminary survey of damage suggested at least 80 percent of Abra was affected", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A power outage occurred across the province due to destroyed power lines", + "refs": [ + "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Many businesses were disrupted", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Residents stayed outside their homes and were left without food", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "One villager died when he was hit by falling cement slabs in his house", + "refs": [ + "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Bangued, a person died when the walls of a dormitory collapsed, and an additional 44 were injured due to falling debris", + "refs": [ + "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/73-earthquake-shakes-northern-philippines-felt-in-capital/2022/07/26/783dc34e-0d4b-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A 59-year-old resident from Tubo died of his injuries after the roof of his house collapsed", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635722/1-dead-44-injured-in-earthquake-hit-abra" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The bodies of four people were recovered from a landslide", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Historical churches in the province were also affected", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Shrine of San Lorenzo Ruiz in Bangued sustained major damage and one of its bell-towers was reduced to rubble", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Tayum Church in the town of the same name also sustained damage", + "refs": [ + "https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/7/27/23280563/massive-earthquake-rocks-northern-philippines-setting-off-landslides" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over 640 displaced people took refuge at the town plaza", + "refs": [ + "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two bridges, one in Manabo and Bangued, respectively, were affected", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636522/watch-abra-residents-take-shelter-at-bangued-plaza-after-strong-quake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Schools, and 20 government properties were damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage", + "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839552/deped-cracks-seen-at-several-abra-schools-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 31 landslides were reported, and a partially collapsed hospital was evacuated", + "refs": [ + "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Road infrastructures including three bridges were damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/71-magnitude-earthquake-hits-northern-philippines" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Baguio", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Officials in Baguio stated that several crucial roadways were affected by debris", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Thirty-three buildings were damaged", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Road closures affected motorists along Kennon Road, Baguio\u2013Bua\u2013Itogon National Road and Benguet\u2013Nueva Vizcaya Road, leaving only the Aspiras\u2013Palispis Highway open", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Patients at Baguio General Hospital were evacuated", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/27/earthquake-7.3-magnitude-Abra-Luzon.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A student at Saint Louis University was injured during a panic", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Ilocos Sur", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "A total of 32 towns and two cities received damage, with the heaviest in Vigan", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Nearly 100 homes were heavily damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Heritage sites in the UNESCO World Heritage City of Vigan were damaged, including the Vigan Cathedral and old-century houses, as well as few toppled power lines along Calle Crisologo", + "refs": [ + "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Parts of the old historic belfry of Bantay Church in the town of the same name also crumbled to the ground", + "refs": [ + "https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727", + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635457/heritage-structures-churches-damaged-by-7-3-quake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was felt strongly in Ilocos Sur for 30 seconds or longer", + "refs": [ + "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Metro Manila", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The earthquake was felt strongly in Metro Manila, where minor damage to a hospital and several other buildings were reported", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The earthquake prompted the Manila Metro Rail Transit System to suspend service during rush hour", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/", + "https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6201018/gempa-m-71-di-filipina-terasa-kuat-di-manila-layanan-kereta-disetop/1" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Operations resumed at 10:12 a.m, with the exception of LRT Line 2 due to inspections", + "refs": [ + "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Occupants of the Senate building in Pasay were also evacuated", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220727062024/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635661/mrt-lrt-1-pnr-back-to-normal-operations-after-strong-luzon-earthquake" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Elsewhere", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In Apayao, officials noted that two structures were damaged", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sixty-one schools were damaged, including 76 classrooms which were completely destroyed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Kalinga, a worker fell from a building and suffered leg fractures", + "refs": [ + "https://brigadanews.ph/bilang-ng-mga-paaralang-winasak-ng-lindol-umabot-sa-61/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "One fatality was also reported in the province", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635947/laborer-hurt-when-he-falls-from-building-in-kalinga-due-to-earthquake" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Ilocos Norte, bricks fell from old buildings, including at an elementary school", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Cracks also appeared in the public market", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Philippine Ports Authority (PAA) said that hairline cracks occurred in a building at the Port of Currimao, Ilocos Norte, and at a passenger terminal in Claveria, Cagayan", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Asipulo, Ifugao, a landslide partially buried an ambulance; four occupants including a pregnant woman escaped unhurt", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636061/normal-operations-no-major-structural-damage-in-eight-ports-after-abra-earthquake-ppa" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "There were two deaths in Benguet, including one in La Trinidad, who died due to falling debris from a collapsed building", + "refs": [ + "https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/22/lindol-nagdulot-ng-landslide-sa-ifugao-ambulansya-natabunan", + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 62 buildings were damaged in the province", + "refs": [ + "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635558/1-dead-as-building-collapses-in-benguet-town-due-to-quake" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Gallery", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5855", + "2": "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/8/28/M5.2-quake-Pilar-Abra-828.html", + "3": "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4210/SitRep_No._4_for_Magnitude_6.4_Earthquake_in_Lagayan_Abra_2022.pdf", + "4": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000i5rd/executive", + "5": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/luzon/abra-earthquake-july-27-2022/", + "6": "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf", + "7": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/", + "8": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B1F.html", + "9": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html", + "10": "https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/fault-that-caused-a-july-quake-in-the-philippines-still-in-question-14355/", + "11": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/abra-river-fault-which-last-moved-in-1868-may-have-triggered-powerful-quake-solidum/", + "12": "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MarGR..33..369A", + "13": "https://doi.org/10.26443%2Fseismica.v1i1.217", + "14": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html", + "15": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/October/2022_1025_1459_B4F.html", + "16": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000iwds/executive", + "17": "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/28/2219924/ndrrmc-85-hurt-44k-families-affected-abra-quake/", + "18": "https://apnews.com/article/science-philippines-manila-earthquakes-ferdinand-marcos-jr-be94326447233d3eae14763ada43dc1c", + "19": "https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/10/26/22/look-rockslide-damaged-structure-in-wake-of-abra-quake", + "20": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/849281/part-of-church-belfry-falls-cracks-show-after-abra-quake/story/?amp", + "21": "https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2022/10/27/rebels-kill-two-soldiers-helping-with-aid-efforts-in-area-hit-by-earthquake/", + "22": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/849331/phivolcs-logs-409-aftershocks-following-magnitude-6-4-quake-in-abra/story/", + "23": "https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2023.1091595", + "24": "https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/15340-primer-on-the-27-july-2022-magnitude-mw-7-0-northwestern-luzon-earthquake", + "25": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html", + "26": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/balitambayan/balita/839559/magnitude-7-na-lindol-yumanig-sa-abra-1-tao-napaulat-na-namatay/story/", + "27": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/839533/no-tsunami-threat-phivolcs-assures-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/", + "28": "https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/no-tsunami-alert-raised-after-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/", + "29": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/839530/power-transmission-services-normal-despite-earthquake-ngcp/story/", + "30": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/27/latest-stories/pnp-mobilizes-all-luzon-commanders-to-assist-in-quake-relief-operations/1852444", + "31": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/ph-army-pcg-rescue-quake-victims/", + "32": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/", + "33": "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake", + "34": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179908", + "35": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636023/dswd-prepares-aid-for-earthquake-hit-residents-in-ilocos-abra", + "36": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839532/magalong-suspends-work-classes-in-baguio-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/", + "37": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085", + "38": "https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/08/01/kongreso-susuportahan-ang-rehabilitasyon-ng-mga-lugar-na-nasalanta-ng-lindol-sa-abra", + "39": "https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/unicef-stands-ready-reach-children-affected-philippines-earthquake", + "40": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179900", + "41": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/list-countries-offering-aid-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/", + "42": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180663", + "43": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180326", + "44": "https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202207270022", + "45": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1181064", + "46": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1641491/fwd-11-now-dead-in-abra-quake-ndrrmc/amp", + "47": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide", + "48": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/30/news/national/death-toll-in-northern-luzon-quake-climbs-to-10/1852751", + "49": "https://www.peoplestonightonline.com/news/177-health-facilities-apektado-ng-lindol-sa-abra/", + "50": "https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2022/07/29/2198727/8k-paaralan-sinira-ng-lindol", + "51": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/73-earthquake-shakes-northern-philippines-felt-in-capital/2022/07/26/783dc34e-0d4b-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html", + "52": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635722/1-dead-44-injured-in-earthquake-hit-abra", + "53": "https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/7/27/23280563/massive-earthquake-rocks-northern-philippines-setting-off-landslides", + "54": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/", + "55": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636522/watch-abra-residents-take-shelter-at-bangued-plaza-after-strong-quake", + "56": "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage", + "57": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839552/deped-cracks-seen-at-several-abra-schools-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/", + "58": "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/71-magnitude-earthquake-hits-northern-philippines", + "59": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/", + "60": "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/27/earthquake-7.3-magnitude-Abra-Luzon.html", + "61": "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/", + "62": "https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727", + "63": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635457/heritage-structures-churches-damaged-by-7-3-quake", + "64": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/", + "65": "https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6201018/gempa-m-71-di-filipina-terasa-kuat-di-manila-layanan-kereta-disetop/1", + "66": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220727062024/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635661/mrt-lrt-1-pnr-back-to-normal-operations-after-strong-luzon-earthquake", + "67": "https://brigadanews.ph/bilang-ng-mga-paaralang-winasak-ng-lindol-umabot-sa-61/", + "68": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635947/laborer-hurt-when-he-falls-from-building-in-kalinga-due-to-earthquake", + "69": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp", + "70": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636061/normal-operations-no-major-structural-damage-in-eight-ports-after-abra-earthquake-ppa", + "71": "https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/22/lindol-nagdulot-ng-landslide-sa-ifugao-ambulansya-natabunan", + "72": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635558/1-dead-as-building-collapses-in-benguet-town-due-to-quake" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "july 27, 2022": "DATE", + "8:43:24 a.m.": "TIME", + "pht": "ORG", + "luzon": "LOC", + "philippines": "GPE", + "7.0 mw\u202f": "QUANTITY", + "eleven": "CARDINAL", + "615": "CARDINAL", + "at least 35,798": "CARDINAL", + "\u20b11.88 billion": "MONEY", + "us$34 million": "MONEY", + "philippine": "NORP", + "trench": "PRODUCT", + "philippine sea plate": "LOC", + "the sunda plate": "GPE", + "july 27": "DATE", + "sunda": "GPE", + "magnitude 7": "PRODUCT", + "1970": "DATE", + "11": "CARDINAL", + "6.5": "CARDINAL", + "250\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "155\u00a0mi": "QUANTITY", + "the july 27, 2022": "DATE", + "7.7": "CARDINAL", + "july 16, 1990": "DATE", + "approximately 215\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "at least 1,600": "CARDINAL", + "more than 3,000": "CARDINAL", + "1990": "DATE", + "baguio": "ORG", + "usgs": "ORG", + "7.1": "CARDINAL", + "mw": "ORG", + "0.9": "CARDINAL", + "2\u00a0ft": "QUANTITY", + "7.3": "CARDINAL", + "the philippine institute of volcanology and seismology": "ORG", + "7.0 mw\u202f ": "QUANTITY", + "3\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "17\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "69": "CARDINAL", + "the abra river fault": "ORG", + "1868": "DATE", + "4.0\u20135.0": "CARDINAL", + "the philippine fault zone": "ORG", + "three": "CARDINAL", + "sierra madre": "FAC", + "central cordillera mountains": "LOC", + "west to east": "LOC", + "the vigan-agao fault": "ORG", + "the digdig fault": "ORG", + "pliocene": "PERSON", + "quaternary": "PERSON", + "the cordillera mountains": "LOC", + "the abra river": "LOC", + "digdig": "ORG", + "rimando": "PERSON", + "2022": "DATE", + "95\u00a0cm": "QUANTITY", + "37": "CARDINAL", + "13\u201316\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "at least 3,496": "CARDINAL", + "phivolcs": "ORG", + "1.4": "CARDINAL", + "5.1": "CARDINAL", + "sixty-three": "CARDINAL", + "july 28": "DATE", + "15.0\u00a0km": "QUANTITY", + "october 25": "DATE", + "mww": "ORG", + "6.4": "CARDINAL", + "thousands": "CARDINAL", + "139": "CARDINAL", + "two days later": "DATE", + "four": "CARDINAL", + "the new people's army": "ORG", + "two": "CARDINAL", + "at least 409": "CARDINAL", + "october 26": "DATE", + "vigan": "GPE", + "the modified mercalli intensity scale": "ORG", + "bucloc": "GPE", + "manabo": "GPE", + "sinait": "GPE", + "bantay": "GPE", + "san esteban": "GPE", + "ilocos sur": "ORG", + "laoac": "PERSON", + "pangasinan": "GPE", + "vi": "PERSON", + "renato u. solidum": "PERSON", + "manila": "GPE", + "tsunami": "GPE", + "around 0.08": "CARDINAL", + "0.26\u00a0ft": "CARDINAL", + "currimao": "GPE", + "ilocos norte": "PERSON", + "the national grid corporation": "ORG", + "ngcp": "ORG", + "the philippine national police (pnp": "ORG", + "risk reduction and management office": "ORG", + "pnp": "ORG", + "army": "ORG", + "coast guard": "ORG", + "bongbong marcos": "PERSON", + "abra": "PERSON", + "marcos": "PERSON", + "ilocos": "GPE", + "the department of social welfare and development": "ORG", + "dswd": "ORG", + "more than 17,410": "CARDINAL", + "9,291": "CARDINAL", + "\u20b12.70\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "58 percent": "PERCENT", + "the calamity reserve fund": "ORG", + "the house of representatives": "ORG", + "unicef": "ORG", + "at least 616": "CARDINAL", + "more than 513,330": "CARDINAL", + "57,022": "CARDINAL", + "35,798": "CARDINAL", + "686": "CARDINAL", + "177": "CARDINAL", + "8,000": "CARDINAL", + "central luzon": "LOC", + "nine": "CARDINAL", + "the cagayan valley": "LOC", + "eight": "CARDINAL", + "the cordillera administrative region": "FAC", + "seven": "CARDINAL", + "the department of agriculture and national irrigation administration": "ORG", + "\u20b156.4\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "us$1.02\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "the national irrigation administration": "ORG", + "\u20b122.7\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "406,942": "MONEY", + "2,383": "CARDINAL", + "\u20b11.81\u00a0billion": "MONEY", + "us$32.5\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "\u20b11.88\u00a0billion": "MONEY", + "us$34\u00a0million": "MONEY", + "at least 80 percent": "PERCENT", + "one": "CARDINAL", + "bangued": "GPE", + "an additional 44": "CARDINAL", + "59-year-old": "DATE", + "tubo": "GPE", + "the shrine of san lorenzo ruiz": "WORK_OF_ART", + "the tayum church": "ORG", + "over 640": "CARDINAL", + "20": "CARDINAL", + "at least 31": "CARDINAL", + "thirty-three": "CARDINAL", + "kennon road": "FAC", + "palispis highway": "FAC", + "baguio general hospital": "ORG", + "saint louis university": "ORG", + "32": "CARDINAL", + "nearly 100": "CARDINAL", + "unesco world heritage city": "ORG", + "the vigan cathedral": "ORG", + "old-century": "DATE", + "calle crisologo": "PERSON", + "bantay church": "ORG", + "30 seconds": "TIME", + "metro manila": "GPE", + "the manila metro rail transit system": "ORG", + "lrt line": "ORG", + "2": "CARDINAL", + "senate": "ORG", + "pasay": "GPE", + "apayao": "ORG", + "sixty-one": "CARDINAL", + "76": "CARDINAL", + "kalinga": "GPE", + "the philippine ports authority": "ORG", + "paa": "ORG", + "the port of currimao": "FAC", + "claveria": "GPE", + "cagayan": "NORP", + "asipulo": "GPE", + "ifugao": "ORG", + "benguet": "ORG", + "la trinidad": "FAC", + "at least 62": "CARDINAL" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "phivolcs earthquake intensity scale", + "solidum", + "bantay church", + "new people's army", + "pangasinan", + "bangued", + "central luzon", + "sierra madre", + "ilocos", + "unicef", + "ifugao", + "philippine national police", + "kennon road", + "risk reduction and management office", + "philippine sea plate", + "itogon national road", + "kalinga", + "rimando", + "house of representatives", + "metro manila", + "usgs", + "dominic valera", + "philippines", + "manila metro rail transit system", + "vigan-agao fault", + "lrt line 2", + "army and coast guard", + "department of social welfare and development", + "philippine fault zone", + "cordillera mountains", + "san esteban", + "baguio", + "laoac", + "apayao", + "tayum", + "unesco world heritage city", + "bantay", + "ngcp", + "baguio\u2013bua", + "la trinidad", + "claveria", + "department of agriculture and national irrigation administration", + "cagayan valley", + "renato u", + "tubo", + "baguio officials", + "national irrigation administration", + "bongbong marcos", + "dagupan", + "phivolcs", + "marcos", + "asipulo", + "tayum church", + "dswd", + "philippine trench", + "senate", + "philippine institute of volcanology and seismology", + "central cordillera mountains", + "cagayan", + "manabo", + "pasay", + "sinait", + "aspiras", + "port of currimao", + "abra river fault", + "abra", + "calle crisologo", + "baguio general hospital", + "philippine ports authority", + "bucloc", + "ilocos sur", + "cordillera administrative region", + "luzon", + "benguet", + "currimao", + "manila trench", + "calamity reserve fund", + "pnp", + "vigan", + "sunda plate", + "pliocene", + "palispis highway", + "shrine of san lorenzo ruiz", + "vigan cathedral", + "ilocos region", + "nueva vizcaya road", + "paa", + "saint louis university", + "abra river", + "us", + "national grid corporation of the philippines", + "vi", + "cabanatuan", + "ilocos norte", + "manila", + "digdig fault" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack.json b/json/2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6dbc0c4870d6ac3450c07949348ee273d42c0f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack.json @@ -0,0 +1,821 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack", + "summary": "On the morning of April 12, 2022, a mass shooting was committed on a northbound N train on the New York City Subway in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, New York, United States. At approximately 8:24 a.m. EDT, a 62-year-old Black nationalist Frank Robert James put on a gas mask, threw two smoke grenades, and fired a handgun 33 times. The shooting occurred as the train was traveling between the 59th Street and 36th Street stations.\nAlthough no one died, 29 people were injured; ten victims were hit by direct gunfire, while the remaining injuries were from smoke inhalation. Most passengers disembarked at 36th Street, where some passengers fled onto an R train that traveled one additional stop to 25th Street. On the day after the attack, Frank James was arrested as the suspect after a large manhunt. James was charged by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York with committing a terrorist act on a mass transit system and discharging a firearm during the commission of a Crime of Violence, to which James pleaded not guilty. On January 3, 2023, James pled guilty to federal terrorism charges. On October 5, 2023, James was sentenced to life in prison.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Frank Robert James was born in the Bronx on August 8, 1959, and spent years drifting across many cities in the United States", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "James had been arrested on 12 previous occasions, mostly for misdemeanors", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He was arrested nine times in New York from 1992 to 1998, with charges including possession of burglary tools, criminal sex act, and criminal tampering", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He was arrested three times in New Jersey, the earliest in 1991 and the most recent in 2007; in the mid-1990s, he was charged with making terroristic threats, but was convicted of the lesser charge of the harassment and sentenced to probation and counseling", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He had no felony convictions and was legally allowed to purchase guns; he purchased his Glock 9mm handgun in 2011 from a pawn shop in Columbus, Ohio", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Attack", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "At 6:15\u00a0a.m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "EDT on April 12, 2022, video surveillance captured footage of a man matching James' description, who left a U-Haul van two blocks from a train station on the same subway line where the attack took place", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At 8:24\u00a0a.m., multiple people were shot on a northbound N train on the New York City Subway in Sunset Park, Brooklyn", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "After the train left the 59th Street station on the Fourth Avenue Line, the attacker put on a gas mask, threw two smoke grenades onto the floor of a train car, and opened fire with a Glock 17 9\u00a0mm handgun as the train approached the 36th Street station", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707", + "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html", + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/a-subway-attack-that-shook-new-york-city.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He fired at least 33 shots and fled the scene after the attack", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707", + "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-manhunt-nyc-attack/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "When the train stopped at 36th Street, the wounded passengers disembarked at the platform, and police were called to the station at 8:30\u00a0a.m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A passenger waiting for the subway claimed that he saw \"calamity\" when the subway door opened due to the smoke, blood, and screaming", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-cops-investigate-shooting-explosion-in-brooklyn-train-station-20220412-j7s6mlkx2ncyphkpycjmeooi5y-story.html", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-00024637" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Footage of the evacuation from the subway train was filmed by a passenger in an adjacent car and quickly published on social media and news sites", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brooklyn-subway-station-shooting-witnesses-new-york-city/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The footage depicted the chaos of the evacuation with many people helping injured passengers, shouting about details of the shooting, and requesting emergency services", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An announcement by the conductor on the R train across the platform urged riders on the northbound platform to board that train", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "When the train arrived at the 25th Street station, it stayed put, and police officers instructed riders to leave the station", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In response, many riders began running for the exits in a panic, injuring more people", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Passengers from the train attended three injured people in one of the cars toward the front of the train", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) arrived at the 36th Street station, initially responding to reports of smoke in the station", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Victims", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "At a morning press conference on the day of the attack, the FDNY said there were sixteen people injured, ten of them with gunshot wounds, five of whom were then in critical but stable condition", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "By the end of the day, a total of 29 injuries were reported: 10 with direct gunfire wounds, and 19 with other injuries", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Some of the injured jumped onto another train to flee the area and received aid at the next station, 25th Street", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The people not injured by gunfire were instead injured from smoke inhalation or other conditions as they fled the scene", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Investigation", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Keechant Sewell, the New York City Police Commissioner, said on the day of the attack that the incident was not being investigated as a terrorist attack at that time", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "She did not rule out the possibility, saying the attack was under investigation", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "FBI, ATF, and HSI investigators were on the scene along with the NYPD", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Investigation efforts were hampered by the lack of working security cameras in three subway stations", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Police obtained a picture of the suspect from a bystander's cell phone video", + "refs": [ + "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A $50,000 reward was offered for information leading to the suspect's arrest", + "refs": [ + "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Recovered from the train at the scene were several items, including a Glock 9-millimeter handgun, three ammunition magazines, a credit card in the name of Frank R", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "James, and a key to a U-Haul van", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Also recovered from the scene were two non-detonated smoke grenades, gasoline, a variety of fireworks (including canister smoke), and a hatchet", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "During the afternoon of April 13, the day after the attack, a surveillance video showed James entering the subway at the Kings Highway station on the Sea Beach Line, served by the N train", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Perpetrator", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Frank Robert James was born in the Bronx on August 8, 1959, and spent years drifting across many cities in the United States", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "James had been arrested on 12 previous occasions, mostly for misdemeanors", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He was arrested nine times in New York from 1992 to 1998, with charges including possession of burglary tools, criminal sex act, and criminal tampering", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He was arrested three times in New Jersey, the earliest in 1991 and the most recent in 2007; in the mid-1990s, he was charged with making terroristic threats, but was convicted of the lesser charge of the harassment and sentenced to probation and counseling", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He had no felony convictions and was legally allowed to purchase guns; he purchased his Glock 9mm handgun in 2011 from a pawn shop in Columbus, Ohio", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Extremist views", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In rambling videos posted over a series of years on YouTube and Facebook accounts, James often posted angry and hate-filled rants, including those containing homophobia, misogyny and racist comments", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He posted antisemitic diatribes, expressed grievances at persons he believed had wronged him, made violent threats, and invoked mass shootings", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220414052538/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/", + "https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/04/13/they-hate-jew-nyc-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-left-online-trail-of-incitement-and-bigotry/", + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In a video he published in the weeks before the subway shooting, James claimed to have a severe post-traumatic stress disorder", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/13/us/frank-james-videos-brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "James had posted, \"O black Jesus, please kill all the whiteys\" on social media", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "James' beliefs have been linked to Black supremacy and he has been outspoken in his criticisms toward mayor Eric Adams and New York City's mental health services in several YouTube videos", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179", + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "https://www.newsweek.com/why-liberal-media-erasing-black-identity-extremism-opinion-1697969", + "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He implied that a \"race war\" was imminent, and said that \"White people and Black people should not have any contact with each other.\" James characterized the situation of African-Americans as an \"American Auschwitz\", and said that \"the seed is already planted for a Nazi Party to rise in this country again and I believe it will.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2022/04/12/5-shot-unexploded-devices-found-at-nyc-train-station/", + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-subway-shooting-police-release-details-of-man-wanted-after-attack-12588989", + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179", + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Investigation and manhunt", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The suspect\u2014who was described as a heavy-built black male, 5\u00a0feet 5\u00a0inches (1.65\u00a0m) tall and 175 to 180 pounds (79 to 82\u00a0kg), wearing a gas mask, MTA uniform, a gray hooded sweatshirt, a green vest and a backpack\u2014fled the scene through another subway train and was not immediately apprehended", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to charging documents in federal court, surveillance footage showed James exiting the subway system at the 25th Street station, one stop away from the shooting", + "refs": [ + "https://www.wsj.com/articles/brooklyn-shooting-latest-police-hunt-person-of-interest-as-busy-new-york-rush-hour-gets-under-way-11649844816", + "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707", + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/", + "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Upon reports that the suspect may have fled onto the subway tracks, NYPD officers searched the tunnels", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Law enforcement believes that the attacker acted alone", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A U-Haul van used by the suspected gunman and rented in Philadelphia was found eight hours after the attack, about five blocks away from the Kings Highway station of the Sea Beach Line (served by the N train), where police reported the suspect entered the subway system", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-u-haul-philly-person-of-interest-20220412.html", + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/12/nyregion/frank-james-brooklyn-shooting.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Investigators were able to identify the suspect after finding a key at the crime scene, linking it to the credit card that was used to rent the van", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/video-shows-suspected-brooklyn-subway-shooter-frank-james-enter-station/3644503/", + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/12/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A jacket discarded by James on the 36th Street station platform had a receipt from a storage facility in Philadelphia in it, where he rented an apartment in the weeks before the attack", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Searches of the storage facility and apartment found handgun ammunition, a taser, a high-capacity magazine for rifles, and a smoke canister", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At around 7:20\u00a0p.m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "on the day of the attack, James, then age 62, was named by the NYPD as a person of interest", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "James was believed to be the renter of the U-Haul van", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On the day after the attack, he was named as a suspect", + "refs": [ + "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/12/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html", + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61089619", + "https://www.brproud.com/news/who-is-frank-r-james-person-of-interest-in-brooklyn-subway-attack/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Authorities sent out an emergency alert with photos of James and a tipline; the rare use of the alert system (which was also used during the manhunt for the 2016 Chelsea bomber) distributed James' name and face to every New Yorker with a smartphone", + "refs": [ + "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/", + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "During the manhunt, authorities appealed to the public to provide mobile phone videos from the shooting or any other information that could locate the suspect", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooter-nypd-manhunt.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Arrest and charges", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The day after the attack, James called the tipline, said he knew he was wanted and that he was at a McDonald's at Sixth Street and First Avenue in the East Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Officers responding to the McDonald's did not find James, but after driving around the area, found him near St", + "refs": [ + "https://abcnews.go.com/US/nyc-police-search-gunman-brooklyn-subway-shooting/story?id=84051890" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Marks Place and First Avenue and arrested him at about 1:45\u00a0p.m", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "ET, The manhunt lasted 29 hours", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html", + "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/day-2-brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/h_88e5073ba048ddf9a3f60a607835f653" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Dozens of people contacted NYPD with tips about James' whereabouts, and many took credit for his apprehension", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "James was charged by the U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York with committing a terrorist act on a mass transit system, potentially facing a maximum of life in prison", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On January 3, 2023, James pled guilty to federal terrorism charges", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On October 5, 2023, James was sentenced in federal court to 10 concurrent life sentences without parole for each victim he shot, plus an additional 10 years for a firearms charge", + "refs": [ + "https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-crime-indictments-new-york-city-legal-proceedings-8e2dd55704ce84afccbfa1901a46de0a" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftermath", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "As a precaution, law enforcement increased security at regional transit hubs", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The security detail of Mayor Eric Adams was augmented, as the suspect had made \"concerning posts\" about the mayor", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Service on the D, N, and R trains was partially suspended along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line following the attack, B and W trains were suspended while Q trains ran local in Manhattan to provide additional service", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Service was later restored along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, initially bypassing the 36th Street station", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "NYC Ferry offered free transit on its South Brooklyn route on the day of the shooting", + "refs": [ + "https://twitter.com/NYCTSubway/status/1513870009352732681", + "https://new.mta.info/article/subway-service-changes-due-36-st-incident" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Following surge pricing by both Uber and Lyft after the shooting, and many customers posting screenshots of the prices to social media, Uber announced surge pricing would be disabled in the vicinity of the shooting and pricing would be capped for the entire city, with refunds offered to affected users", + "refs": [ + "https://gothamist.com/news/south-brooklyn-subway-service-still-disrupted-after-shooting" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Five people split the $50,000 reward that had been offered for information leading to the suspect's arrest", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On April 21, Adams honored civilians and police officers who were involved in the capture of James", + "refs": [ + "https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093161156/reward-brooklyn-suspected-subway-shooter-nyc-split-by-5-tipsters", + "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/five-split-50000-reward-new-york-subway-shooting-case-rcna24661" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Four of the five civilians who split the $50,000 reward attended the ceremony", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A week after the attack, several members of Congress from New York sent a letter to the MTA, asking why the surveillance cameras at the 36th Street station had malfunctioned prior to the attack", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In a letter dated May 2, 2022, MTA chairman Janno Lieber said the cameras at the 25th, 36th, and 45th Street stations had faulty fan units, which impacted the cameras' ability to transmit footage", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/ny-members-of-congress-grill-mta-over-cameras-that-failed-during-brooklyn-subway-attack/3657655/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The day before the attack, maintenance teams had unsuccessfully attempted to repair the cameras", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The teams had been installing new communications hardware on the morning of April 12 when they were forced to evacuate; according to Lieber, the repairs were completed in the middle of the day on April 13", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Reactions", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "President Joe Biden and U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Attorney General Merrick Garland were briefed on the shooting", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A spokesman for Mayor Eric Adams called on New Yorkers to \"stay away from this area for their safety and so that first responders can help those in need and investigate\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "New York Governor Kathy Hochul called the suspect \"cold hearted and depraved\" while calling for an end to mass shootings and violence in New York City", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The week after the shooting, local politicians organized a \"Day of Unity\" to help victims of the attack and local residents", + "refs": [ + "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220412140516/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting/", + "2": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/", + "3": "https://archive.org/details/Frank_R_James_Youtube_Channel_prophet_oftruth88/20200907%7CWISHIN+FOR+A+WHITEMAN%7CGS7XoynzO6E%7C1371.webm", + "4": "https://nypost.com/2022/05/07/accused-nyc-subway-shooter-frank-james-indicted-by-grand-jury/amp/", + "5": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179", + "6": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "7": "https://nypost.com/2022/05/13/nyc-shooting-suspect-frank-james-pleads-not-guilty-to-terrorism/amp/", + "8": "https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-crime-indictments-new-york-city-legal-proceedings-8e2dd55704ce84afccbfa1901a46de0a", + "9": "https://apnews.com/article/frank-james-subway-shooting-brooklyn-3cc4c99e94944514922844a6827138e1", + "10": "https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/04/new-york-subway-shooting-transit-crime-death-spiral/629554/", + "11": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/12/brooklyn-new-york-subway-shooting-what-we-know/7290322001/", + "12": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/brooklyn-shooting-latest-police-hunt-person-of-interest-as-busy-new-york-rush-hour-gets-under-way-11649844816", + "13": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707", + "14": "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html", + "15": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/a-subway-attack-that-shook-new-york-city.html", + "16": "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-manhunt-nyc-attack/", + "17": "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/12/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html", + "18": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792", + "19": "https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-cops-investigate-shooting-explosion-in-brooklyn-train-station-20220412-j7s6mlkx2ncyphkpycjmeooi5y-story.html", + "20": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-00024637", + "21": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brooklyn-subway-station-shooting-witnesses-new-york-city/", + "22": "https://nypost.com/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-carnage-seen-in-video/", + "23": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/12/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting", + "24": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/", + "25": "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/", + "26": "https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-multiple-people-shot/", + "27": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html", + "28": "https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2022/04/13/fireworks-found-brooklyn-subway-shooting-likely-purchased-wisconsin-phantom-fireworks-store/7306258001/", + "29": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/video-shows-suspected-brooklyn-subway-shooter-frank-james-enter-station/3644503/", + "30": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html", + "31": "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4", + "32": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/", + "33": "https://www.foxnews.com/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-purchased-gun-2011-ohio-pawn-shop", + "34": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/", + "35": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/", + "36": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220414052538/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/", + "37": "https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/04/13/they-hate-jew-nyc-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-left-online-trail-of-incitement-and-bigotry/", + "38": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/13/us/frank-james-videos-brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html", + "39": "https://globalnews.ca/news/8757772/frank-james-brooklyn-subway-shooting-youtube-videos/", + "40": "https://nypost.com/2022/04/13/suspect-frank-james-was-spewing-racist-hate-well-before-brooklyn-shooting/", + "41": "https://www.newsweek.com/why-liberal-media-erasing-black-identity-extremism-opinion-1697969", + "42": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/", + "43": "https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2022/04/12/5-shot-unexploded-devices-found-at-nyc-train-station/", + "44": "https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-subway-shooting-police-release-details-of-man-wanted-after-attack-12588989", + "45": "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/", + "46": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html", + "47": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-u-haul-philly-person-of-interest-20220412.html", + "48": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/12/nyregion/frank-james-brooklyn-shooting.html", + "49": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/index.html", + "50": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61089619", + "51": "https://www.brproud.com/news/who-is-frank-r-james-person-of-interest-in-brooklyn-subway-attack/", + "52": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooter-nypd-manhunt.html", + "53": "https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/police-hunt-gunman-who-wounded-10-brooklyn-subway-attack/3206201/", + "54": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/nyc-police-search-gunman-brooklyn-subway-shooting/story?id=84051890", + "55": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/day-2-brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/h_88e5073ba048ddf9a3f60a607835f653", + "56": "https://twitter.com/NYCTSubway/status/1513870009352732681", + "57": "https://new.mta.info/article/subway-service-changes-due-36-st-incident", + "58": "https://gothamist.com/news/south-brooklyn-subway-service-still-disrupted-after-shooting", + "59": "https://www.engadget.com/uber-nyc-subway-shooting-surge-pricing-lyft-010817751.html", + "60": "https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093161156/reward-brooklyn-suspected-subway-shooter-nyc-split-by-5-tipsters", + "61": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/five-split-50000-reward-new-york-subway-shooting-case-rcna24661", + "62": "https://abc7ny.com/frank-james-subway-new-york-shooting-brooklyn-nyc/11772889/", + "63": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/ny-members-of-congress-grill-mta-over-cameras-that-failed-during-brooklyn-subway-attack/3657655/", + "64": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-explains-why-camera-in-sunset-park-station-malfunctioned-during-subway-shooting/3673517/", + "65": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/cameras-working-nyc-subway-shooting/story?id=84475268", + "66": "https://www.brooklynpaper.com/sunset-park-day-of-unity-subway-attack/" + }, + "spicy_entities": { + "the morning": "TIME", + "april 12, 2022": "DATE", + "n": "GPE", + "the new york city subway": "GPE", + "sunset park": "GPE", + "brooklyn": "GPE", + "new york": "GPE", + "united states": "GPE", + "approximately 8:24 a.m. edt": "TIME", + "62-year-old": "DATE", + "frank robert james": "PERSON", + "two": "CARDINAL", + "a handgun 33": "CARDINAL", + "36th": "ORDINAL", + "29": "CARDINAL", + "ten": "CARDINAL", + "36th street": "FAC", + "one": "CARDINAL", + "25th street": "FAC", + "the day": "DATE", + "frank james": "PERSON", + "james": "PERSON", + "u.s.": "GPE", + "office for the eastern district": "ORG", + "a crime of violence": "ORG", + "january 3, 2023": "DATE", + "october 5, 2023": "DATE", + "bronx": "GPE", + "august 8, 1959": "DATE", + "years": "DATE", + "the united states": "GPE", + "12": "CARDINAL", + "nine": "CARDINAL", + "1992": "DATE", + "1998": "DATE", + "three": "CARDINAL", + "new jersey": "GPE", + "1991": "DATE", + "2007": "DATE", + "the mid-1990s": "DATE", + "glock 9mm": "WORK_OF_ART", + "2011": "DATE", + "columbus": "GPE", + "ohio": "GPE", + "6:15\u00a0a.m. edt": "TIME", + "8:24\u00a0a.m.": "TIME", + "59th street": "FAC", + "the fourth avenue line": "FAC", + "17 9\u00a0mm": "QUANTITY", + "at least 33": "CARDINAL", + "8:30\u00a0a.m.": "TIME", + "the new york city fire department": "ORG", + "morning": "TIME", + "fdny": "ORG", + "sixteen": "CARDINAL", + "five": "CARDINAL", + "the end of the day": "DATE", + "10": "CARDINAL", + "19": "CARDINAL", + "keechant sewell": "PERSON", + "the new york city": "ORG", + "fbi": "ORG", + "atf": "ORG", + "hsi": "ORG", + "nypd": "ORG", + "50,000": "MONEY", + "frank r. james": "PERSON", + "the afternoon": "TIME", + "april 13": "DATE", + "kings highway": "FAC", + "the sea beach line": "FAC", + "youtube": "ORG", + "the weeks": "DATE", + "jesus": "PERSON", + "eric adams": "PERSON", + "new york city's": "GPE", + "african-americans": "NORP", + "a nazi party": "ORG", + "5\u00a0feet": "QUANTITY", + "5\u00a0inches": "QUANTITY", + "1.65": "CARDINAL", + "175": "CARDINAL", + "180 pounds": "QUANTITY", + "79": "CARDINAL", + "82\u00a0kg": "QUANTITY", + "mta": "ORG", + "philadelphia": "GPE", + "eight hours": "TIME", + "about five": "CARDINAL", + "around 7:20\u00a0p.m.": "TIME", + "age 62": "DATE", + "2016": "DATE", + "chelsea": "ORG", + "arrest": "LOC", + "mcdonald": "ORG", + "sixth street": "FAC", + "first avenue": "FAC", + "east village": "GPE", + "lower manhattan": "LOC", + "st": "GPE", + "marks place": "ORG", + "about 1:45\u00a0p.m. et": "TIME", + "29 hours": "TIME", + "dozens": "CARDINAL", + "an additional 10 years": "DATE", + "the bmt fourth avenue line": "ORG", + "w": "ORG", + "manhattan": "GPE", + "nyc ferry": "PRODUCT", + "south brooklyn": "LOC", + "uber": "ORG", + "april 21": "DATE", + "james .": "PERSON", + "four": "CARDINAL", + "a week": "DATE", + "congress": "ORG", + "may 2, 2022": "DATE", + "janno lieber": "PERSON", + "the 25th, 36th": "DATE", + "45th street": "FAC", + "april 12": "DATE", + "lieber": "ORG", + "the middle of the day": "DATE", + "joe biden": "PERSON", + "merrick garland": "PERSON", + "new yorkers": "NORP", + "first": "ORDINAL", + "kathy hochul": "PERSON", + "new york city": "GPE", + "the week": "DATE", + "a \"day of unity": "EVENT" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "59th street", + "mcdonald's", + "youtube", + "black", + "manhattan", + "36th street station", + "u-haul", + "new york", + "frank robert james", + "lower manhattan", + "janno lieber", + "columbus", + "new yorkers", + "day of unity", + "joe biden", + "bronx", + "city", + "fourth avenue line", + "sunset park", + "frank r", + "hsi", + "u.s. attorney's office", + "atf", + "lyft", + "east village", + "american auschwitz", + "36th street", + "glock 9mm", + "james'", + "new jersey", + "keechant sewell", + "merrick garland", + "new york city", + "r", + "crime of violence", + "u.s.", + "frank james", + "uber", + "facebook", + "james", + "45th street", + "new york city fire department", + "st", + "eric adams", + "jesus", + "new york city subway", + "new yorker", + "congress", + "lieber", + "nypd", + "sea beach line", + "first avenue", + "brooklyn", + "african-americans", + "mta", + "bmt fourth avenue line", + "adams", + "25th street", + "fbi", + "glock", + "kings highway", + "south brooklyn", + "marks place", + "york", + "ohio", + "philadelphia", + "nyc ferry", + "kathy hochul", + "chelsea", + "subway", + "eastern district of new york", + "sixth street", + "fdny", + "nazi party", + "united states" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Pakistan_floods.json b/json/2022_Pakistan_floods.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..091a2c0177b1ef123620bc56cd3357584932e182 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Pakistan_floods.json @@ -0,0 +1,1094 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Pakistan_floods", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Pakistan_floods", + "summary": "From 14 June to October 2022, floods in Pakistan killed 1,739 people, and caused \u20a8 3.2 trillion ($14.9 billion) of damage and \u20a8 3.3 trillion ($15.2 billion) of economic losses. The immediate causes of the floods were heavier than usual monsoon rains and melting glaciers that followed a severe heat wave, both of which are linked to climate change.\nOn 25 August, Pakistan declared a state of emergency because of the flooding.The flooding was the world's deadliest flood since the 2020 South Asian floods and described as the worst in the country's history. It was also recorded as one of the costliest natural disasters in world history.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The minister of climate change of Pakistan, Sherry Rehman, said that the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan had received more rainfall than the August average, with 784% and 500% more, respectively", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Higher than average monsoon rains were also recorded in India and Bangladesh", + "refs": [ + "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373444/floods-have-affected-over-30-million-in-pakistan-minister", + "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-floods-have-affected-over-30-million-people-climate-change-minister-2022-08-25/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Indian Ocean is one of the fastest warming oceans in the world, warming by an average of 1\u00a0\u00b0C (1.8\u00a0\u00b0F) (while worldwide temperatures are now at 1.2\u00a0\u00b0C (2.2\u00a0\u00b0F) above pre-industrial temperatures, oceans in general are at around 0.7\u00a0\u00b0C (1.3\u00a0\u00b0F))", + "refs": [ + "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The rise in sea surface temperatures is believed to increase monsoon rainfall", + "refs": [ + "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In addition, southern Pakistan experienced back-to-back heat waves in May and June, which were record-setting and themselves made more likely by climate change", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan", + "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "These created a strong thermal low that brought heavier rains than usual", + "refs": [ + "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833", + "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/deadly-heat-wave-in-india-and-pakistan-was-30x-more-likely-due-to-climate-change-scientists-say/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The heatwaves also triggered glacial flooding in Gilgit-Baltistan", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan", + "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Pakistan contributes less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, but is one of the places most vulnerable to climate change", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A study by an international team of climate scientists says that global heating made the flooding up to 50% worse and future floods more likely", + "refs": [ + "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/09/13/pakistan-paying-price-climate-change/", + "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/30/pakistan-monsoon-on-steroids-flooding-warning-antonio-guterres" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, some of the contributors to the severity of the flooding are local to the country", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/15/pakistan-floods-made-up-to-50-worse-by-global-heating" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Deforestation in Pakistan has also been a factor worsening the floods", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Impact", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "1,739 people died, including 647 children, and an additional 12,867 were injured", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over 2.1 million people were left homeless because of the floods", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "These are the deadliest floods in Pakistan since 2010, when nearly 2,000 died in flooding, and the deadliest in the world since the 2020 South Asian floods", + "refs": [ + "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022", + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220428052120/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20Cost%20of%20Disasters%202000-2019%20Report%20-%20UN%20Office%20for%20Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 29 August, Sherry Rehman, the minister of climate change, claimed that \"one-third\" of the country was underwater, and there was \"no dry land to pump the water out\", adding that it was a \"crisis of unimaginable proportions\"", + "refs": [ + "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Her claim received widespread media coverage", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In contrast, the UNOSAT United Nations Satellite Centre reported that 75,000km2 had been flooded (around 9% of Pakistan) with USAID stating a maximum floodwater extent of 32,800 square miles (around 10% of Pakistan)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A BBC report estimated that around 10\u201312% of Pakistan was flooded; the total area of standing floodwaters peaked between July and August at approximately 32,800 square miles (84,952\u00a0km2)", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/10-of-pakistans-population-exposed-to-flooding-un-agency/2673896", + "https://unosat-maps.web.cern.ch/PK/FL20220808PAK/UNOSAT_A3_Natural_Landscape_FL20220808PAK_26Aug2022.pdf", + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0czg85z" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Agricultural fields were also devastated by the flooding", + "refs": [ + "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-09-30_USG_Pakistan_Floods_Fact_Sheet_8.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The floods affected 33 million people in Pakistan and destroyed 897,014 houses and damaged another 1,391,467", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf", + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301", + "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-floods-key-points-third-of-country-under-water-right-now/articleshow/93858586.cms" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "1,164,270 livestock have been killed, most of them in the province of Balochistan, while destruction to 13,115 kilometres (8,149\u00a0mi) of roads and 439 bridges has impeded access across flood-affected areas", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf", + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf", + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Over 22,000 schools were damaged or destroyed", + "refs": [ + "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Government officials estimated at least $30 billion of reconstruction costs and economic damage, equivalent to about 10% of GDP", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A needs assessment led by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives and conducted jointly with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Union (EU), the United Nations agencies with technical facilitation by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank concluded that damages exceed $14.9 billion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Economic losses were estimated to reach about $15.2 billion, and estimated needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction in a resilient way are at least $16.3 billion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Aid workers warned that lack of clean drinking water caused an increase in waterborne diseases, namely diarrhea, cholera, dengue, and malaria", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Skin infections caused by wet conditions have also been widely reported", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62779533" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Sindh", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Floods in Sindh killed 799 people and injured 8,422", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Among the 338 children killed were three who died when the roof of their house collapsed in Kandhkot", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf", + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "10 million people have been displaced in Sindh and 57,496 houses were severely damaged or completely destroyed, mostly in the Hyderabad Division, and 830 cattle were killed", + "refs": [ + "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "6,200\u00a0km2 (1,540,000 acres) of farmland have been swept away by the floods", + "refs": [ + "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Larkana and Sukkur divisions were severely affected by the floods; Thari Mirwah and Khairpur Nathan Shah were \"inundated\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The floods have turned the Indus River into a lake 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) wide", + "refs": [ + "https://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvWorld/engNewsDetail/42432", + "https://www.radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/pm-to-pay-aerial-visit-to-flood-affected-areas-of-sindh", + "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2374279/khairpur-nathan-shah-goes-under-water" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The towns of Johi and Mehar were saved by their residents making ring bands around their towns", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/31/asia/pakistan-floods-forms-inland-lake-satellite-intl-hnk/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Jacobabad, which has been called the world's hottest city, more than 40,000 people are living in temporary shelters with limited access to food, with 19 dead from the flooding as of 31 August", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "During the floods, Lake Manchar overflowed, and in September 2022 efforts were made to assist its drainage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the Dadu District, floodwater reportedly submerged 300 villages", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Sindh provincial government confirmed, on 16 September 2022, 588 cases of malaria, with a further 10,604 suspected cases, as well as 17,977 cases of diarrhea, and 20,064 of skin disease", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Since 1 July, a total of 2,300,000 patients have been treated for malaria in field and mobile hospitals", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A high of 90,000 cases of diarrhea were reported in a single day on 1 September", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Balochistan", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Flooding in Balochistan killed 336 people", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In many areas, rainwater infiltrated many homes and made them uninhabitable", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Many families were displaced", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "426,897 houses have either been damaged or completely destroyed, and 1,230\u00a0km2 (304,000 acres) of crops were lost", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/971604-three-women-killed-in-quetta-rain-related-incidents", + "https://video.dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/mustwatch/144518/Heavy-rains-flood-low-lying-areas-of-Quetta" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "An estimated half-million livestock have also been killed", + "refs": [ + "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/", + "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022", + "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62469448" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the Relief Commissioner Provincial Disaster Management, Balochistan's capital Quetta has been declared a disaster area due to rains, and an emergency had been declared in the province", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Many organisations took part in relief, including Balochistan Youth Action Committee", + "refs": [ + "https://www.independenturdu.com/node/107461", + "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/officials-heavy-rains-leave-17-dead-over-3-days-in-pakistan/2022/07/06/b676a62e-fd21-11ec-b39d-71309168014b_story.html", + "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2364822/quetta-declared-calamity-hit-as-heavy-rains-kill-at-least-25-in-balochistan", + "https://images.dawn.com/news/1190723" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "309 people died and 600,000 others were displaced by floods", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Among them were five children in Upper Dir District; they had been returning home from school before they were swept away by the floods and drowned", + "refs": [ + "https://arynews.tv/264-people-dead-600000-homeless-in-kp-floods/amp/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "326,897 houses were damaged due to floods and landslides, and 7,742 cattle died from collapsing sheds", + "refs": [ + "https://arynews.tv/six-schoolgoing-children-swept-away-in-flash-flood/amp/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Swat District, a newly built hotel had collapsed due to excessive flooding", + "refs": [ + "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The southwestern part of the province was previously affected by the June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake.", + "refs": [ + "https://news.sky.com/video/pakistan-moment-raging-floods-destroy-and-wash-away-iconic-hotel-in-northwestern-resort-12682369" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Lower Kohistan District, 5 people stranded in a hill torrent were swept away; 4 of them were killed, while the other one was rescued", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Balakot, 8 nomads were killed due to flooding in a tributary of the Kunhar River", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1707142" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "12 people were also killed in flooding in different areas of Dera Ismail Khan due to flash floods from hill torrents", + "refs": [ + "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373361/eight-dead-as-floods-wreak-havoc-in-balakot?amp=1" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Gilgit-Baltistan", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "23 people died, four are missing, and floods badly affected the Karakoram Highway", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Roads were closed for traffic at several places due to landslides", + "refs": [ + "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The districts of Ghizer, Nagar, Diamer, Ghanche, and Astore were the worst affected", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1698635", + "https://www.suchtv.pk/pakistan/gilgit-baltistan/item/114337-four-dead-serveral-missing-as-flash-floods-wreak-havoh-in-ghizer-gb.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "420 homes were destroyed and 740 were damaged due to floods and landslides", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Meanwhile, the S-1 Strategic Highway also suffered erosion due to high water flows in the Indus River", + "refs": [ + "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Ishkoman Valley Road was cut off at Gutkash due to flooding in the Ishkoman River", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A bridge at Chhorbat in Ghanche District was also flooded", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/973919-threatening-glaciers" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Valley roads and two bridges in Nagar District were swept away by floods", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "There are also reports of damage in Khanar and Bonar in Diamer District", + "refs": [ + "https://arab.news/j87ab" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As of 26 August, most parts of the villages in Ghizer were destroyed by the flood", + "refs": [ + "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2368705/watch-two-youths-brave-gushing-flood-waters-to-save-two-minor-girls-in-g-b" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Among these are Buber Valley, Gahkuch, and Gulmuti", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Residents were asked to evacuate the flood-affected areas", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "River levels are rising to an extremely dangerous height.", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Punjab", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In Punjab, 223 people died and 3,858 others suffered injuries", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Taunsa Sharif, many settlements were submerged in floodwater", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the historical town of Mangadotha, west of Taunsa Sharif, hundreds of houses and livestock were swept away by flood waters", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "7,200\u00a0km2 (1,780,000 acres) of farmland were also lost", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1705435/taunsa-city-submerged-by-floodwater" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Residents of communities adjacent to flooded rivers began to evacuate, with most families moving away", + "refs": [ + "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Most of the families have moved to safer places on foot and camels while carrying only essential supplies as roads and bridges were washed away", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Azad Kashmir", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "48 people died by flooding in Pakistan administered Kashmir", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 31 July, in Poonch District, ten people died and four were injured when a roof collapsed on top of them", + "refs": [ + "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Five tourists from Mianwali were swept away and later confirmed to have been killed in Neelum Valley on 19 August", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702669" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Response", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "National", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The prime minister, Shehbaz Sharif, who had decided to spearhead the relief operations in the wake of massive floods, met international partners on 25 August who pledged to provide $500 million to the country to mitigate the havoc wreaked by flooding", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Army officers, federal cabinet members, and senators will donate their one-month salary for the flood relief fund", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "PTCL Group, Pakistan's largest telecom and internet services provider, announced \u20a8", + "refs": [ + "https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/25-Aug-2022/pakistani-cabinet-members-military-officers-to-donate-one-month-salary-for-flood-affectees", + "https://radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/federal-cabinet-memberspak-army-officers-donate-one-month-salary-to-flood-relief-fund", + "https://www.nation.com.pk/amp/2022/08/26/senators-to-donate-salaries-for-relief-of-flood-victims/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "1.75 billion(or US$8 million) to support flood relief efforts and those affected by the floods", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and former prime minister, Imran Khan, held a 3-hour-long telethon to raise funds for flood victims and received \u20a8", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "500 crores (or US$22.5 million) in pledges for flood relief", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 30 August, the Government of Pakistan announced $170 million allocation to flood victims, which will be disbursed through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) as part of Pakistan Flood Response Plan 2022", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Pakistani embassies in China and Turkey have also set up fundraisers requesting flood relief donations from locals", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/986790-pakistan-un-to-launch-flood-response-plan-today" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) introduced the 9999 SMS code for flood relief donations to enable consumers to donate their funds through mobile phone text to support the flood victims", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The consumers would be required to write \"fund\" and send it to the 9999 short code to donate \u20a8", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "10 (or US \u00a24.5) to contribute to the prime minister's floods relief fund", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The government has been accused of inaction on relief and rescue operations, with local officials allegedly hoarding humanitarian aid", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dw.com/en/pakistanis-outraged-by-inept-government-response-to-monsoon-floods/a-62959022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Incidents of looting due to lack of aid have emerged, with several NGOs halting relief operations after their trucks carrying relief goods were looted", + "refs": [ + "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PD04vBI7FGE", + "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niouQeZSMqA" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Sukkur, police booked 100 flood-affected persons under terrorism charges for protesting against the lack of food and relief when Shehbaz Sharif and foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto visited to assess flood damage on 26 August", + "refs": [ + "https://www.vice.com/en/article/88q5ax/flood-survivor-pakistan-gang-raped" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "International", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Beyond the immediate response to the floods, the catastrophe that befell this low-income developing nation was an impetus for a global agreement on loss and damage for climate change, under which rich countries which caused the majority of carbon emissions heating the planet would compensate poor countries for the damage that has already occurred or which is unavoidable", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Pakistani climate minister Sherry Rehman used this as an example of the damages that low-income nations face, which the New York Times described as \"a fresh reminder of the destructive forces of climate change.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/climate/un-climate-damage-cop27.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Army helicopter crash", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On 1 August 2022, a Pakistan Army Aviation helicopter on flood relief operations in the Lasbela area of Balochistan lost contact with air traffic control", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The six military personnel on board, including the commander of the XII Corps, Lieutenant General Sarfraz Ali, died in the crash", + "refs": [ + "https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-army-helicopter-carrying-senior-general-5-others-missing-/6682780.html", + "https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/978799-pakistan-army-aviation-helicopter-goes-missing-enroute-from-karachi-to-quetta", + "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2368943/army-helicopter-with-six-on-board-including-quetta-corps-commander-goes-missing", + "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-military-helicopter-with-general-five-others-goes-missing-army-says-2022-08-01/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reports from Pakistani authorities on their early investigations attributed the crash to poor weather conditions, whereas Reuters reported on unverified claims from the Baloch insurgent group \"Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar\" that they shot the helicopter down", + "refs": [ + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702847", + "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702847" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "1": "https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/01/pakistan-flooding-crisis-climate-change-governance/", + "2": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1708344", + "3": "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf", + "4": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/28/pakistan-flood-damages-and-economic-losses-over-usd-30-billion-and-reconstruction-needs-over-usd-16-billion-new-assessme", + "5": "https://www.npr.org/2022/09/04/1120952641/how-melting-glaciers-caused-by-climate-change-led-to-to-floods-in-pakistan", + "6": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1706862", + "7": "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/", + "8": "https://www.barrons.com/news/pakistan-floods-worst-in-country-s-history-pm-sharif-01661870707", + "9": "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373444/floods-have-affected-over-30-million-in-pakistan-minister", + "10": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-floods-have-affected-over-30-million-people-climate-change-minister-2022-08-25/", + "11": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/", + "12": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan", + "13": "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833", + "14": "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/deadly-heat-wave-in-india-and-pakistan-was-30x-more-likely-due-to-climate-change-scientists-say/", + "15": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/09/13/pakistan-paying-price-climate-change/", + "16": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/30/pakistan-monsoon-on-steroids-flooding-warning-antonio-guterres", + "17": "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/15/pakistan-floods-made-up-to-50-worse-by-global-heating", + "18": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3v7J2JdR8E&t=149s", + "19": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62728678", + "20": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022", + "21": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220428052120/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20Cost%20of%20Disasters%202000-2019%20Report%20-%20UN%20Office%20for%20Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction.pdf", + "22": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301", + "23": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/10-of-pakistans-population-exposed-to-flooding-un-agency/2673896", + "24": "https://unosat-maps.web.cern.ch/PK/FL20220808PAK/UNOSAT_A3_Natural_Landscape_FL20220808PAK_26Aug2022.pdf", + "25": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0czg85z", + "26": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-09-30_USG_Pakistan_Floods_Fact_Sheet_8.pdf", + "27": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-floods-key-points-third-of-country-under-water-right-now/articleshow/93858586.cms", + "28": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-5-9-september-2022", + "29": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62779533", + "30": "https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/9/13/pakistan-floods-health-crisis-of-epic-proportions", + "31": "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/", + "32": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022", + "33": "https://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvWorld/engNewsDetail/42432", + "34": "https://www.radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/pm-to-pay-aerial-visit-to-flood-affected-areas-of-sindh", + "35": "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2374279/khairpur-nathan-shah-goes-under-water", + "36": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/31/asia/pakistan-floods-forms-inland-lake-satellite-intl-hnk/", + "37": "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2375665/johi-mehar-residents-left-to-fend-for-themselves", + "38": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/furnace-flood-worlds-hottest-city-pakistan-now-under-water-2022-08-31/", + "39": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-62764224", + "40": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/world/asia/pakistan-floods.html", + "41": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-16/waterborne-diseases-spread-among-flood-victims-in-pakistan/101450376", + "42": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/971604-three-women-killed-in-quetta-rain-related-incidents", + "43": "https://video.dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/mustwatch/144518/Heavy-rains-flood-low-lying-areas-of-Quetta", + "44": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62469448", + "45": "https://www.independenturdu.com/node/107461", + "46": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/officials-heavy-rains-leave-17-dead-over-3-days-in-pakistan/2022/07/06/b676a62e-fd21-11ec-b39d-71309168014b_story.html", + "47": 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+ "$500 million": "MONEY", + "army": "ORG", + "one-month": "DATE", + "ptcl group": "ORG", + "\u20a8": "ORG", + "1.75 billion(or": "QUANTITY", + "us$8 million": "MONEY", + "tehreek": "GPE", + "pti": "ORG", + "imran khan": "PERSON", + "3-hour-long": "TIME", + "500": "CARDINAL", + "us$22.5 million": "MONEY", + "30 august": "DATE", + "the government of pakistan": "ORG", + "$170 million": "MONEY", + "the benazir income support programme": "FAC", + "bisp": "ORG", + "pakistan flood response plan 2022": "ORG", + "pakistani": "NORP", + "china": "GPE", + "turkey": "GPE", + "pakistan telecommunication authority": "ORG", + "pta": "ORG", + "9999": "DATE", + "10": "CARDINAL", + "us": "GPE", + "100": "CARDINAL", + "bilawal bhutto": "PERSON", + "the new york times": "ORG", + "1 august 2022": "DATE", + "pakistan army aviation": "ORG", + "lasbela": "GPE", + "six": "CARDINAL", + "the xii corps": "ORG", + "sarfraz ali": "PERSON", + "reuters": "ORG", + "baloch raaji aajoi sangar": "WORK_OF_ART" + }, + "flair_entities": [ + "quetta", + "gulmuti", + "larkana", + "indus river", + "thari mirwah", + "china", + "taunsa sharif", + "bilawal bhutto", + "jacobabad", + "turkey", + "buber valley", + "diamer", + "european union", + "nagar district", + "new york times", + "ptcl group", + "usaid", + "dadu district", + "pakistan flood response plan 2022", + "baloch raaji aajoi sangar", + "afghanistan", + "s-1 strategic highway", + "balochistan flooding", + "balochistan", + "khairpur nathan shah", + "astore", + "ministry of planning, development and special initiatives", + "diamer district", + "punjab", + "johi", + "sms", + "azad kashmir", + "lower kohistan", + "kunhar river", + "pta", + "unosat united nations satellite centre", + "pakistan", + "neelum valley", + "sherry rehman", + "government of pakistan", + "sindh", + "undp", + "mehar", + "adb", + "eu", + "pakistani", + "bangladesh", + "dera", + "khyber pakhtunkhwa", + "lasbela", + "shehbaz sharif", + "sarfraz ali", + "united nations development programme", + "sindh floods", + "imran khan", + "f", + "provincial disaster management", + "xii corps", + "karakoram highway", + "mangadotha", + "kandhkot", + "mianwali", + "upper dir district", + "swat district", + "pti", + "ishkoman valley road", + "balakot", + "ismail khan", + "kashmir", + "asian development bank", + "bisp", + "sukkur", + "benazir income support programme", + "nagar", + "world bank", + "balochistan youth action committee", + "india", + "ghizer", + "united nations", + "baloch", + "poonch district", + "ghanche", + "south asian", + "indian ocean", + "bonar", + "valley", + "pakistan army aviation", + "ishkoman river", + "reuters", + "gilgit-baltistan", + "gutkash", + "gahkuch", + "bbc", + "us", + "hyderabad division", + "ghanche district", + "pakistan tehreek-e-insaf", + "pakistan telecommunication authority", + "lake manchar", + "khanar", + "chhorbat" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final.json b/json/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5b722de60a488dc05ddfbe2f9f408550b60b7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final.json @@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final", + "summary": "The 2022 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2021\u201322 UEFA Champions League, the 67th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 30th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, on 28 May 2022, between English club Liverpool and Spanish club Real Madrid. It was the third time the two sides have met in the European Cup final, after 1981 and 2018, the third final held at the Stade de France, after the 2000 and 2006 finals, and the first time the same two teams have met in three finals. Real Madrid won the match 1\u20130 via a 59th-minute goal from Vin\u00edcius J\u00fanior for a record-extending 14th title, and their fifth in nine years.This was the first final to be played in front of a full attendance since the 2019 final, as the previous two finals were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The final was originally scheduled to be played at the Allianz Arena in Munich. After the postponement and relocation of the 2020 final, the final hosts were shifted back a year, so the 2022 final was given to the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, UEFA called an extraordinary meeting of the executive committee a day later, and the final was relocated to the Stade de France. Before the match, chaos descended following issues with crowd control, which led to kickoff being delayed by 36 minutes.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Background", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Liverpool played in their 10th European Cup/UEFA Champions League final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They had previously won six finals (in 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005 and 2019) and lost three (in 1985, 2007 and 2018)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was the fourth UEFA Champions League final for manager J\u00fcrgen Klopp, after his loss with Borussia Dortmund in 2013 and the Liverpool finals in 2018 and 2019 the latter of which he won", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61300681" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In addition to their six European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, Liverpool also played in one European Cup Winners' Cup final, losing in 1966 against Borussia Dortmund, and in four UEFA Cup/Europa League finals, winning in 1973, 1976 and 2001 and losing in 2016", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/56973031" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Their manager J\u00fcrgen Klopp was seeking to become the fourth consecutive German to manage a Champions League-winning club", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Real Madrid played in a record 17th European Cup/UEFA Champions League final, and the first since their win in 2018 against Liverpool", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They previously won 13 finals (in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018) and lost three (1962, 1964 and 1981)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Their manager Carlo Ancelotti reached a record fifth UEFA Champions League final as manager, winning in 2003 and 2007 and losing in 2005 while in charge of Milan, and winning the 2014 final with Real Madrid, and was seeking to become the first manager in history to win four UEFA Champions League titles and eight European trophies", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61312216" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Real Madrid also played in two European Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986)", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-153c1717ddd6-bee8be412fa9-1000--real-madrid-coach-carlo-ancelotti-on-the-uefa-champions-league-/", + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61310122" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was a record-third time that the two teams meet in the final, after the 1981 final, which was held in the Parc des Princes in Paris and in which Liverpool prevailed 1\u20130, and the 2018 final held at the Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex in Kyiv, which was won 3\u20131 by Real Madrid", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was also the third final for Carlo Ancelotti as manager against Liverpool, after the 2005 and 2007 finals; he also lost the 1984 final as a player for Roma", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was the sixth time a Spanish side met an English team in the final of the competition, after the 1981, 2006 (won by Barcelona against Arsenal), the 2009 and 2011 finals (both won by Barcelona against Manchester United), and the 2018 final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Besides the 1981 and 2018 finals, the two clubs had met each other six times", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool won both matches in the 2008\u201309 UEFA Champions League round of 16 (1\u20130 away and 4\u20130 at home)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The two clubs were drawn in the same group in the 2014\u201315 UEFA Champions League group stage, with Real Madrid winning 3\u20130 away and 1\u20130 at home", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 2020\u201321 quarter-finals, the Spanish side won 3\u20131 at home and held a 0\u20130 draw at Anfield to ensure progression to the semi-finals", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Previous finals", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In the following table, finals until 1992 were in the European Cup era, since 1993 were in the UEFA Champions League era", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Venue", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The final was originally awarded to the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "When the COVID-19 pandemic forced the 2020 final to be relocated from the Atat\u00fcrk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul to the Est\u00e1dio da Luz in Lisbon, the Allianz Arena was reawarded with the 2023 final and the 2022 final was given to the original host of the 2021 final, the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2625232.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, UEFA organised an emergency meeting of its executive committee on 25 February, at which it decided to move the final to the Stade de France in Saint-Denis", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Other cities proposed as replacement hosts were Amsterdam, Barcelona, Munich and Rome", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/mediaservices/mediareleases/news/0272-148740475a92-1b97baa3e9d7-1000--decisions-from-today-s-extraordinary-uefa-executive-committee-m/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was the first UEFA Champions League final to take place in France since 2006", + "refs": [ + "https://rsport.ria.ru/20220225/futbol-1774686959.html" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Host selection", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "An open bidding process was launched on 28 September 2018 by UEFA to select the venues of the finals of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, and UEFA Women's Champions League in 2021", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Associations had until 26 October 2018 to express interest, and bid dossiers must be submitted by 15 February 2019", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "UEFA announced on 1 November 2018 that two associations had expressed interest in hosting the 2021 UEFA Champions League final, and on 22 February 2019 that both associations submitted their dossiers by the deadline", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/newsid=2579453.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Krestovsky Stadium was selected by the UEFA Executive Committee during their meeting in Ljubljana, Slovenia on 24 September 2019, where the hosts for the 2021 and 2023 UEFA Champions League finals were also appointed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2625232.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 17 June 2020, the UEFA Executive Committee announced that due to the postponement and relocation of the 2020 final caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, Saint Petersburg would instead host the 2022 final", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Road to the final", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Pre-match", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Promotion", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The original logo of the 2022 UEFA Champions League final at Saint Petersburg was unveiled at the group stage draw on 26 August 2021 in Istanbul", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Originally, former Russian forward Andrey Arshavin was chosen to be the ambassador for the final", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/026d-134d790229e9-c21eaed49543-1000--2022-final-branding-unveiled/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, he was removed after the final's relocation to Saint-Denis", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Officials", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On 11 May 2022, UEFA named Frenchman Cl\u00e9ment Turpin as the referee for the final", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Turpin had been a FIFA referee since 2010, and was previously the fourth official in the 2018 UEFA Champions League final, also between Real Madrid and Liverpool", + "refs": [ + "https://sports.yahoo.com/news/clement-turpin-appointed-champions-league-182556665.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the previous season he was the referee for the 2021 UEFA Europa League Final between Villarreal and Manchester United", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He officiated eight prior matches in the 2021\u201322 Champions League season, with two matches in qualification, four in the group stage and two knockout fixtures", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He served as a referee at the UEFA European Championship in 2016 and 2020, as well as at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Turpin also was a video assistant referee at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia (including in the final), the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Turpin was joined by five of his fellow countrymen, including assistant referees Nicolas Danos and Cyril Gringore", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Beno\u00eet Bastien served as the fourth official", + "refs": [ + "https://sports.yahoo.com/news/clement-turpin-appointed-champions-league-182556665.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Brisard acted as the video assistant referee (VAR), with Willy Delajod appointed as one of the assistant VAR officials, along with Italian referees Massimiliano Irrati and Filippo Meli", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Opening ceremony", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Cuban-born American singer Camila Cabello performed for the opening ceremony before the start of the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Cabello performed her songs \"Se\u00f1orita\", \"La Buena Vida\", \"Havana\", \"Bam Bam\" and \"Don't Go Yet\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/news/0275-151a623b63d1-34f72f8fe69f-1000/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Issues entering stadium and match delay", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Crowd control descended into chaos at the entrances to the Stade de France prior to the beginning of the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "By 21:00 local time, the originally scheduled kick-off time, thousands of seats remained empty in the Liverpool end", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61626746" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "For \"security reasons\", the kick-off was initially delayed by 15 minutes to 21:15", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was further delayed by 15 minutes to 21:30, before being pushed back another 6 minutes to 21:36", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The match eventually started at 21:37", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Match", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Summary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "First half", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The match kicked off at the delayed time of 21:36 in front of a crowd of 75,000", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 16th minute, Trent Alexander-Arnold played the ball across the Real Madrid penalty area which ended up being hit towards goal by Mohamed Salah before being saved by Thibaut Courtois for the first effort of the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Five minutes later, Thiago Alc\u00e2ntara played a ball through to Sadio Man\u00e9 who managed to make space for himself and take a shot which was saved on to the left post by Courtois", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 34th minute, Alexander-Arnold played another cross into the Madrid penalty area towards Salah, who managed to direct a header towards goal but straight at Courtois", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two minutes before half-time, Karim Benzema made a clear run towards the Liverpool penalty area on the right and managed to take the ball under control before attempting to pass the ball across before being cut out by Ibrahima Konat\u00e9", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, a mix up between the Liverpool defender as well as goalkeeper Alisson allowed Federico Valverde to try and step in to intercept, with Liverpool midfielder Fabinho also forced to intervene", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Amongst the attempts to win the ball, it ended up falling to Benzema again who then passed the ball into the net", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates", + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/28/sports/champions-league-final" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, the goal was disallowed initially by the assistant referee and then also by the VAR after a check of three minutes and 20 seconds", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Benzema was shown to be in an offside position when the ball came to him, however there was controversy as to whether the last touch off of Fabinho was intentional or not", + "refs": [ + "https://www.espn.co.uk/football/uefa-champions-league/story/4677421/why-karim-benzemas-goal-was-offside-for-real-madrid-in-the-champions-league-final" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "There were three minutes of stoppage time", + "refs": [ + "https://theathletic.com/news/karim-benzema-goal-offside-liverpool/xmsRtj0OqtAX/", + "https://talksport.com/football/1119875/karim-benzema-liverpool-real-madrid/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Second half", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Neither side made any lineup changes during the interval", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool continued where they left off, as nine minutes into the second half Alexander-Arnold played in another cross towards the Real Madrid penalty area which was not far from the head of Thiago and ended up being punched away by Courtois", + "refs": [ + "https://www.espn.com/soccer/uefa-champions-league/story/4674348/live-champions-league-final-liverpoolreal-madrid-clash-in-paris" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the 59th minute, Madrid took the lead against the run of play; Valverde made a run with the ball on the right hand side, before eventually playing a low cross towards Vin\u00edcius J\u00fanior in the penalty area who managed to tuck the ball into the net to make it 1\u20130, having been left unmarked and Alisson left stranded on the other side of the goal", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fabinho received the first and only booking of the night, after being shown a yellow card in the 62nd minute by referee Cl\u00e9ment Turpin for a challenge on Valverde", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "With 24 minutes remaining, Liverpool pressed for an equaliser", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Salah came forward with the ball and tried a shot from just outside the penalty area which ended up being saved to the right side of his goal by Courtois", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool then made their first substitution of the final in the 65th minute, as Luis D\u00edaz came off for Diogo Jota", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool pushed again for a goal as a header across the face of goal by Jota almost found its way towards Salah, but was blocked off by Courtois", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/28/sports/champions-league-final", + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Madrid then had a chance to score another in the 75th minute, as a free kick into the Liverpool penalty area by Toni Kroos found its way to Casemiro who then tried to play the ball across towards Benzema and Vin\u00edcius, but was collected by Andrew Robertson", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool then made their two more changes, as Thiago and captain Jordan Henderson came off for Naby Ke\u00efta and Roberto Firmino in the 77th minute", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Liverpool continued to push for the equaliser, as passing took place between Salah and Firmino before Salah took another shot from just outside the penalty area which ended up being deflected off of Jota and carefully beaten away by Courtois down his bottom left", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates?filterKeyEvents=false", + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/28/sports/champions-league-final" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Salah came forward again with eight minutes left, as a ball over the top from Fabinho found its way to the Egyptian who tried to battle off Ferland Mendy before coming across and having his resulting effort be saved by Courtois", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Madrid made their first change of the match in the 86th minute, as Valverde came off for Eduardo Camavinga", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/liverpool-real-madrid-score-highlights-champions-league/kgexl1rv7m8yx3sm4duprcca" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At the end of regular time, the fourth official displayed that a minimum of five minutes of stoppage time would be played", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates?filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Madrid made their two other substitutions in stoppage time, as Dani Ceballos came on for Luka Modri\u0107 in the 90th minute and goalscorer Vin\u00edcius was brought off in the 93rd minute for Rodrygo", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates?filterKeyEvents=false", + "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/28/sports/champions-league-final" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Despite Liverpool's continued pushes for a goal in the final moments, the match was brought to an end with Madrid winning 1\u20130", + "refs": [ + "https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/may/28/champions-league-final-liverpool-real-madrid-live-updates?filterKeyEvents=false" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Details", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Statistics", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Post-match", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending 14th title in the European Cup/Champions League", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The club has won twice as many titles as the next-best team, Milan (7 titles)", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "This was Madrid's fifth title in nine seasons (since 2013\u201314), their eighth consecutive win in a Champions League final, and their tenth successive victory in a major European final (including the 1985 and 1986 UEFA Cup Finals)", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Real Madrid also claimed their fourth European double (after 1956\u201357, 1957\u201358 and 2016\u201317)", + "refs": [ + "http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2022/2034586_ts.pdf" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "With the win, Spanish teams extended their streak of 17 straight major European finals won against non-Spanish opposition", + "refs": [ + "https://www.espn.com/soccer/uefa-champions-league/story/4676133/real-madrid-embellish-champions-league-legacy-in-beating-liverpool-for-14th-european-title" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Real Madrid goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois was selected as the man of the match, having made nine saves in the game, a record in the final since Opta began keeping records in 2003\u201304", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/champions-league-final-stats-real-madrid-liverpool/kdbbzghcdfaknucb94vmatjq", + "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a46222f-56deb06b7df5-1000/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "His 59 saves during the campaign also set a new Champions League single-season record since Opta began keeping records", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Carlo Ancelotti became the first manager to win four Champions League titles, having previously won the 2003 and 2007 tournaments with Milan, and the 2014 title with Madrid", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Conversely, J\u00fcrgen Klopp tied Marcello Lippi for most losses in Champions League finals", + "refs": [ + "https://en.as.com/soccer/champions-league-final-2022-liverpool-vs-real-madrid-live-online-goals-plays-updates-n/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Klopp had previously lost with Borussia Dortmund in 2013 and Liverpool in 2018", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Nine players secured their fifth Champions League title with the win, with eight (Gareth Bale, Karim Benzema, Dani Carvajal, Casemiro, Isco, Marcelo, Luka Modri\u0107 and Nacho) doing so with Real Madrid's wins in 2014 and from 2016 to 2018", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/champions-league-real-madrid-leaned-on-thibaut-courtois-all-tournament-long-he-saved-the-best-for-last/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Toni Kroos won his first title with Bayern Munich in 2013, before winning with Real Madrid from 2016 to 2018", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "They joined former Real Madrid player Cristiano Ronaldo as the only players to have won five titles in the Champions League era", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Notes", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "45": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "47": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "1": "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a46222f-56deb06b7df5-1000/", + "2": "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/mediaservices/mediareleases/news/0275-151e847d9f62-c7c70e5d01ff-1000/", + "3": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200", + "4": "http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2022/2034586_lu.pdf", + "5": 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"https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/newsid=2579453.html", + "26": "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/newsid=2593491.html", + "27": "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/newsid=2623092.html", + "28": "https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/026d-134d790229e9-c21eaed49543-1000--2022-final-branding-unveiled/", + "29": "https://www.dw.com/en/champions-league-uefa-forced-into-round-of-16-redraw-bayern-draw-salzburg/a-60101754", + "30": "https://sports.yahoo.com/news/clement-turpin-appointed-champions-league-182556665.html", + "31": "https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/news/0275-151a623b63d1-34f72f8fe69f-1000/", + "32": "https://thatgrapejuice.net/2022/05/watch-camila-cabello-scores-with-uefa-champions-league-final-performance/", + "33": "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/camila-cabello-uefa-champions-league-final-opening-ceremony-1235078758/", + "34": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61626746", + "35": 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champion clubs' cup", + "alexander-arnold", + "germany", + "fifa club world cup", + "cl\u00e9ment turpin", + "uefa cup", + "roberto firmino", + "camila cabello", + "atat\u00fcrk olympic stadium", + "roma", + "nacho", + "salah", + "est\u00e1dio da luz", + "carlo ancelotti", + "stade de france", + "nicolas danos", + "thibaut courtois", + "spanish", + "american", + "champions league", + "marcelo", + "filippo meli", + "amsterdam", + "toni kroos", + "opta", + "ljubljana", + "thiago alc\u00e2ntara", + "casemiro", + "cabello", + "federico valverde", + "champions league-winning", + "egyptian", + "saint petersburg", + "europe", + "arsenal", + "paris", + "ukraine", + "russia", + "fifa women's world cup", + "gareth bale", + "valverde", + "la buena vida", + "english", + "uefa cup finals", + "ibrahima konat\u00e9", + "liverpool", + "europa league", + "andrew robertson", + "bam bam", + "olimpiyskiy national sports complex", + "andrey arshavin", + "uefa europa league final", + "munich", + "diogo jota", + "european cup winners' cup", + "uefa europa league", + "mohamed salah", + "german", + "var", + "real madrid", + "bayern munich", + "covid-19", + "luka modri\u0107", + "jota", + "eduardo camavinga", + "villarreal", + "league", + "uefa european championship", + "krestovsky stadium", + "karim benzema", + "italian", + "ferland mendy", + "istanbul" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania.json b/json/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4f60d53d68dac9f7d854dbe62165986e33b39ae --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania.json @@ -0,0 +1,1477 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania", + "summary": "The 2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Democratic lieutenant governor John Fetterman won his first term in office, defeating Republican surgeon Mehmet Oz to succeed incumbent Republican senator Pat Toomey, who did not seek re-election after two terms. This was the only U.S. Senate seat to flip parties in the 2022 midterms.\nIn the May 17 primary, Fetterman won the Democratic nomination with 59% of the vote. Oz finished with a 0.1% margin ahead of businessman David McCormick in the Republican primary, triggering an automatic recount. McCormick conceded the nomination on June 3, making Oz the first Muslim candidate to be nominated by either major party for U.S. Senate.The general election was among the most competitive of the 2022 midterms and characterized as highly contentious. Fetterman framed Oz as an elitist carpetbagger with a radical anti-abortion stance in the wake of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturning Roe v. Wade, while Oz framed Fetterman as a socialist insufficiently committed to fighting crime. Fetterman's health was also a major issue due to him suffering a stroke days before his primary victory. Although Fetterman led most pre-election polls, concerns towards his health and a scrutinized debate performance helped Oz take a narrow lead before the election.Despite Oz's lead in final polls, Fetterman won by a 5% margin, thereby providing Senate Democrats a net gain of one seat and their first outright majority since 2015. With Fetterman's victory, elected Democrats held both US Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947. Oz was the first Republican to lose Pennsylvania's Class 3 Senate seat since 1962. This was the state's first open-seat senate election since 1980.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Republican primary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Campaign", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"", + "refs": [ + "https://twitter.com/PHLDems/status/1503927980812288000" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign criticized Fetterman for being inactive since he suffered a stroke in May and made an issue of Fetterman's health", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In September, Oz published his medical records, which prompted Fetterman to state he was medically cleared to serve in the Senate", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign also framed Fetterman as a socialist, highlighting his endorsement of Bernie Sanders in 2016", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-super-pac-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20220209.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Early campaign", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In October 2020, incumbent Republican senator Pat Toomey decided not to run for re-election, stating that he wished to return to the private sector", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "By October 2021, businessman Jeff Bartos, who had posted strong fund-raising totals, and veteran Sean Parnell, who had the endorsement of former President Donald Trump, emerged as the race's front-runners", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, Parnell's campaign faced a large scandal in November 2021, after his ex-wife, Laurie Snell, testified in court during a custody hearing for the couple's children that Parnell had strangled and spat on her, abused their children, and told her to \"go get an abortion\"", + "refs": [ + "https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/05/politics/pat-toomey-announcement-not-running-senate-pennsylvania/index.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Parnell denied the allegations under oath", + "refs": [ + "https://www.foxnews.com/politics/bartos-fundraising-parnell-3rd-quarter-pennsylvania" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Even before these allegations were made, doubts had arisen among Republicans regarding Parnell's fundraising ability, and it became widely assumed that he would suspend his campaign if he did not win custody of his children", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/sean-parnell-trump-fundraiser-1253942/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "[failed verification] On November 22, 2021, Snell was given custody of the couple's children and Parnell suspended his campaign", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/sean-parnell-trump-fundraiser-1253942/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Entry of Oz and McCormick", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On November 30, with Parnell out of the race, Mehmet Oz, a celebrity doctor and television personality, announced his candidacy", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign entered an immediate controversy over whether Oz himself was a resident of Pennsylvania, as he had lived in Cliffside Park, New Jersey, for most of his life and had only registered to vote in Pennsylvania in October 2020", + "refs": [ + "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/22/parnell-to-suspend-pennsylvania-senate-campaign-523195" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The January 2022 entrance of David McCormick, a businessman, into the race prompted attacks for McCormick's past detraction of Trump and criticism of \"America First\" economic policies from Oz allies", + "refs": [ + "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/22/parnell-to-suspend-pennsylvania-senate-campaign-523195", + "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/11/30/dr-mehmet-oz-announces-senate-run/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Super PACs allied to McCormick hit back with a spate of well-funded television advertisements, accusing Oz of being a \"Hollywood liberal.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/30/dr-oz-announces-senate-bid-523530", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/11/david-mccormick-senate-campaign-trump-526870" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Republican straw polls in January 2022 indicated strong support for Bartos and political commentator Kathy Barnette among party activists as the campaign started to escalate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Bartos won the Republican State Committee Central Caucus's straw poll, placing first with 49 votes, while Barnette finished in second place with 30 votes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "McCormick and Sands trailed at third and fourth place; and Oz and former Boxing Commissioner George Bochetto performed poorly, each receiving only one vote", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Despite this, political commentators largely considered Oz and McCormick to be the frontrunners, with the other candidates trailing them", + "refs": [ + "https://whyy.org/articles/millions-pouring-into-pa-governor-and-u-s-senate-races-with-fetterman-and-oz-ahead/", + "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/content/white-bartos-win-gop-straw-polls-governor-senate-respectively" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The McCormick campaign targeted Oz's ties to Turkey and called on him to renounce his Turkish citizenship, accusing Oz of harboring dual loyalties", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz later stated that if he were elected to the Senate, he would renounce his Turkish citizenship", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/25/us/politics/mehmet-oz-dave-mccormick-senate.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Former President Trump endorsed Oz on April 10, citing the popularity of his television show and perceived appeal to female voters", + "refs": [ + "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/18/us/politics/dr-oz-trump-mccormick-senators-race.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz frequently highlighted this endorsement, it becoming one of his major talking points during the campaign", + "refs": [ + "https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/598515-oz-says-he-will-renounce-turkish-citizenship-if-elected-to-senate" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Late campaign", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Oz had been ahead of the other candidates in the polls since the start of his campaign, with McCormick soon rising quickly in the polls to challenge Oz, with both men polling the low 20s", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Barnette had also begun to rise in the polls at this point after a string of attention-getting debate performances and an ad spend in support of her by the Club for Growth", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Her late surge prompted a change in tactics from the two frontrunners, who had largely ignored her as irrelevant until then", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Pro-Oz Super PAC American Leadership Action launched an ad campaign accusing Barnette of supporting Black Lives Matter, while McCormick stated that Barnette was unelectable, citing her heavy loss in a U.S", + "refs": [ + "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/04/trump-endorses-dr-oz" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "House race the previous election cycle", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz himself also accused Barnette of Islamophobia, pointing to a 2015 tweet in which she stated, \"Pedophilia is a Cornerstone of Islam.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/04/trump-endorses-dr-oz", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/12/gop-launches-operation-stop-barnette-00032303" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Candidates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Nominees", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Eliminated in primary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Disqualified", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Withdrew", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Declined", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Debates and forums", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Endorsements", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Polling", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Results", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points", + "refs": [ + "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Democratic primary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Campaign", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"", + "refs": [ + "https://twitter.com/PHLDems/status/1503927980812288000" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign criticized Fetterman for being inactive since he suffered a stroke in May and made an issue of Fetterman's health", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In September, Oz published his medical records, which prompted Fetterman to state he was medically cleared to serve in the Senate", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign also framed Fetterman as a socialist, highlighting his endorsement of Bernie Sanders in 2016", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-super-pac-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20220209.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Candidates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Nominee", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Eliminated in primary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Disqualified", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Withdrew", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Declined", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Debates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Endorsements", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Polling", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Results", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points", + "refs": [ + "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Libertarian convention", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Libertarian Party nominee qualified for the general election ballot on August 1", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Candidates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Nominee", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Withdrew", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Green convention", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Green Party nominee qualified for the general election ballot on August 1", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Candidates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Nominee", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Independents and other parties", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Candidates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Qualified for ballot", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Declared write-in", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Withdrew", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "General election", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Campaign", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"", + "refs": [ + "https://twitter.com/PHLDems/status/1503927980812288000" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign criticized Fetterman for being inactive since he suffered a stroke in May and made an issue of Fetterman's health", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In September, Oz published his medical records, which prompted Fetterman to state he was medically cleared to serve in the Senate", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html", + "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's campaign also framed Fetterman as a socialist, highlighting his endorsement of Bernie Sanders in 2016", + "refs": [ + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-super-pac-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20220209.html", + "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Crudit\u00e9s video", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "On August 15, 2022, an April 2022 campaign video of Oz shopping in a Redner's Warehouse supermarket went viral", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the video, Oz says he is shopping for produce to make crudit\u00e9s and attributes the allegedly high prices to Democratic president Joe Biden.", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The video was widely ridiculed on social media and was the subject of several news articles", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Most observers focused on Oz's usage of the French term \"crudit\u00e9s\", his choice of items, and several factual errors; Fetterman himself replied saying that Pennsylvanians refer to crudit\u00e9s as \"veggie trays\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz's choice of a raw head of broccoli, asparagus, and multiple pounds of carrots, with guacamole and salsa, was described as \"bizarre\" by many", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Others expressed confusion at Oz's statement that the $20 cost of the vegetables and dips \"doesn't even include the tequila\", as tequila is not a traditional accompaniment to crudit\u00e9s and liquor is not sold in grocery stores in Pennsylvania", + "refs": [ + "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/05/john-fetterman-wins-pennsylvania" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Many observers noted Oz quoted the wrong price tag for the salsa and falsely suggested the broccoli was $2 per head when it was $2 per pound", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The number of internet searches for crudit\u00e9s dramatically increased in the aftermath of the video's circulation", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz appearing to confuse the Redner's and Wegmans supermarket chains led to the name \"Wegner's\" trending on Twitter and a parody Twitter account called \"Wegner's Groceries\" gaining popularity", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Fetterman campaign sought to capitalize on the video by introducing merchandise referencing it", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "When asked if the video made him unrelatable to voters, Oz emphasized he helped others throughout his career and would continue to help if elected", + "refs": [ + "https://www.witf.org/2022/08/01/third-party-candidates-file-to-run-for-pa-governor-senate/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Debate", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "In the October 25 debate, a special arrangement of transcription monitors was put in place to assist Fetterman with his auditory processing issue", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the Associated Press, Fetterman \"struggled at times to explain his positions and often spoke haltingly\", with Fetterman facing issues completing sentences and frequently pausing after questions were asked", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz was described as being \"more at home on the debate stage\" and presented himself as a moderate Republican, and did not reference Fetterman's health condition", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Independent health experts said that Fetterman was recovering \"remarkably well\"", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fetterman particularly struggled answering a question regarding his previous opposition to fracking by stating he always supported fracking, while Oz answered a question on abortion by saying that the federal government should have no role in states' abortion decisions, instead leaving abortion decisions to \"women, doctors, [and] local political leaders\"", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220528085612/https://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/nation/libertarian-party-introduces-lineup-of-candidates-for-2022/article_252e93ca-793b-51da-ac72-fdd06ab1bb4c.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to Politico and The Guardian, Fetterman \"struggled\" during the debate, and some Democrats questioned why he chose to debate at all", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "After the debate, the Fetterman campaign claimed that the closed captioning system provided by Nexstar Media Group gave incorrect and slow captions", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220130211716/https://www.facebook.com/ScheetzForSenate/", + "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/politics/2022/05/green-party-candidates-are-seeking-spots-ballot-governor-lieutenant-governor-and-us-senator/366708/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Nexstar denied the claims, arguing the captioning \"worked as expected\" and that the Fetterman team had had the opportunity for two rehearsals with the equipment and opted to only do one", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Predictions", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Debates", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Endorsements", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Polling", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Results", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points", + "refs": [ + "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "By congressional district", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Fetterman won 10 of 17 congressional districts, including one that elected a Republican", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Voter demographics", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Voter demographic data for 2022 was collected by CNN", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 2,660 voters in person as well as by phone", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Notes", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "References", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "External links", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania at Ballotpedia", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "104": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "105": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "106": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "107": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "108": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "110": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "111": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "112": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "113": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "114": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "115": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "116": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "117": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "118": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "120": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "122": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "123": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "124": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "125": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "126": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "128": 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"pennsylvanians", + "entry of oz", + "laurie snell", + "david mccormick", + "wegmans", + "associated press", + "the washington post" + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/json/2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker).json b/json/2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker).json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..970c44274548dd1c23ca5b30ca3494529732f58c --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker).json @@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker)", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker)", + "summary": "The 2022 Welsh Open (officially the 2022 BetVictor Welsh Open) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 28 February to 6 March 2022 at the International Convention Centre Wales at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 12th ranking event of the 2021\u201322 snooker season, and the 31st edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992. It was the seventh of eight tournaments in the season's European Series, and the fourth and final event of the Home Nations Series. The tournament was broadcast by BBC Cymru Wales, BBC Online, BBC Red Button, Quest and Eurosport domestically.\nJordan Brown was the defending champion, having defeated Ronnie O'Sullivan 9\u20138 in the final of the 2021 event. However, Brown lost 3\u20134 in his held-over qualifying match against Mitchell Mann. Joe Perry defeated Judd Trump 9\u20135 in the final to capture his first Welsh Open title and the second ranking title of his career. Aged 47 years and 205 days, Perry became the oldest player to win a ranking tournament since Ray Reardon, who was 50 years and 14 days old when he won the 1982 Professional Players Tournament. However, Mark Williams surpassed Perry the following season by winning the 2023 British Open aged 48 years and 194 days. There were 52 century breaks made during the main venue stage of the event; the highest was a 142, made by Michael White in the second round.", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Format", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Welsh Open began as a ranking tournament in 1992, when it was held at the Newport Centre in Newport", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The 2022 tournament, the 31st edition, took place at the International Convention Centre Wales at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales, between 28\u00a0February and 6\u00a0March", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20120216155616/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/welshopen.html", + "https://wst.tv/tournaments/welsh-open/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Organised by the World Snooker Tour, it was the 12th ranking tournament of the 2021\u201322 snooker season, following the European Masters and preceding the Turkish Masters", + "refs": [ + "https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/?year=2022&month=2" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was the seventh of eight events in the European Series and the fourth and final event of the Home Nations Series", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Click-here-for-the-2021-22-calendar.pdf", + "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2021&template=2&tour=all" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The defending Welsh Open champion was Jordan Brown, who won the 2021 final with a 9\u20138 victory over Ronnie O'Sullivan", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "For the 2022 event, all matches were the best of seven frames until the quarter-finals, which were the best of nine; the semi-finals were the best of 11", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/56142654" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The final was played over two sessions, as the best of 17 frames", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The event was sponsored by sports betting company BetVictor, and broadcast locally by BBC Cymru Wales", + "refs": [ + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was broadcast by BBC Online, BBC Red Button, and Quest in the United Kingdom; Eurosport in Europe; CCTV5, Youku, Zhibo.tv and Migu in China; Now TV in Hong Kong; True Sport in Thailand; Sky Sports in New Zealand; DAZN in Canada; and Astrosport in Malaysia", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In all other locations it was broadcast by Matchroom Sport", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Prize fund", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The event's total prize fund was \u00a3405,000, with the winner receiving \u00a370,000", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The player accumulating the highest amount of prize money over the eight European Series events received a bonus of \u00a3150,000", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The breakdown of prize money is shown below:", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/betvictor-series-tight-at-the-top/", + "https://web.archive.org/web/20220302191211/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/PrizeMoney/Tournament/14510/betvictor-welsh-open-2022", + "https://www.livesnooker.com/major-ranking-events/welsh-open-snooker/welsh-open-2022-schedule/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Summary", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Early rounds", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "\"Held-over\" qualifying matches (matches played at the main venue, rather than a qualifying arena) and rounds of 64 and 32 were played from 28 February to 3 March", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The defending champion Brown's best performance during the 2021\u201322 season had been a last-16 appearance in the 2021 UK Championship", + "refs": [ + "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "He took a 2\u20131 lead in his held-over qualifying match against Mitchell Mann, helped by a break of 124 in the third frame, and went on to lead 3\u20132", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, Mann won the last two frames to defeat Brown 4\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Anthony McGill, the 16th seed, lost his held-over qualifying match 3\u20134 to Zhang Anda, while 13th seed Stephen Maguire, who had yet to win a match in 2022, lost 1\u20134 to Fergal O'Brien", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230", + "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0228/1283596-champion-brown-out-at-welsh-open-as-allen-beats-doherty/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan's held-over qualifying match against James Cahill was rescheduled from 28 February to 1 March, due to O'Sullivan's involvement in the European Masters final on 27 February", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-shaun-murphy-through-to-second-round-stephen-maguires-poor-form-continues_sto8821846/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan won the match against Cahill 4\u20130 in 43 minutes", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/osulivan-first-round-match-rescheduled/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Three-time World Women's Snooker Championship winner Ng On-yee had defeated Wu Yize 4\u20132 in the qualifying round, her first professional victory since gaining a place on the World Snooker Tour at the beginning of the season", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "She lost 1\u20134 to Ali Carter in the last 64, but was the first woman to compete in the Welsh Open beyond the qualifying stages, and posted on social media that she was \"pleased and proud\" of her performance", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60457538", + "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/ronnie-osullivan-races-past-james-cahill-to-reach-welsh-open-second-round-after-european-masters-fin_sto8822939/story.shtml", + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60561935" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ninth seed Zhao Xintong, 10th seed Mark Williams, and 15th seed Stuart Bingham also exited in the round of 64, all losing in deciding frames to Jak Jones, Kurt Maflin, and Elliot Slessor respectively", + "refs": [ + "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/4/239426/Snooker-queen-falls-short-in-Welsh-Open" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan fell 1\u20132 behind against Lukas Kleckers, but then rallied to win three frames in a row, defeating Kleckers 4\u20132", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the final match of the round of 64, reigning world champion and second seed Mark Selby faced Liam Highfield", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-works-hard-for-win-over-lukas-kleckers-to-set-up-ding-junhui-clash_sto8824097/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "After losing the first two frames, Selby won three in a row before Highfield took the match to a decider with a 74 break", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Selby led in the decider after a break of 40, but then failed to escape from a snooker and left a free ball, allowing Highfield to make a 92 clearance and win 4\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the round of 32, Carter made breaks of 141, 50, 51, 87 and 81 in his 4\u20132 defeat of seventh seed John Higgins, who had reached every other Home Nations final that season", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fifth seed Neil Robertson won his first frame against Graeme Dott after the referee Andy Yates failed to notice that he had played a foul shot while bridging over the pack with the swan rest; Robertson himself was at the other end of the table and unable to see the shot", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/higgins-storms-to-final/", + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60572639" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Robertson then made breaks of 102, 75, and 52 to complete a 4\u20131 victory", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-2022-that-is-a-shocker-from-the-referee-neil-robertson-on-the-foul-that-never-was-against_sto8824914/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Fourth seed Judd Trump defeated Si Jiahui 4\u20132 after coming from behind to win both the fifth and sixth frames", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-neil-robertson-beats-graeme-dott-to-make-last-32-matthew-stevens-advances_sto8824533/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Eleventh seed Mark Allen exited the tournament when he lost a late-night deciding frame to Joe Perry", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-neil-robertson-beats-graeme-dott-to-make-last-32-matthew-stevens-advances_sto8824533/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ding Junhui won the first frame of his last-32 match against O'Sullivan with a 72 break", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan responded with an 85 break to take the second, but Ding won the third with breaks of 65 and 59", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan came from behind in the fourth to produce a frame-winning clearance, won the fifth after potting a difficult yellow ball, and won the match 4\u20132 after Ding missed a pot on the black ball in the sixth frame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was O'Sullivan's 19th win against Ding in their 23 meetings", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Ricky Walden defeated 14th seed Yan Bingtao 4\u20132 to set up a last-16 meeting with O'Sullivan, while Ryan Day made breaks of 71, 78, 53, and 82 on his way to a 4\u20130 whitewash over eighth seed Shaun Murphy", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-fights-hard-to-extend-fine-record-against-ding-junhui_sto8825536/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Matthew Selt took a 3\u20131 lead against sixth seed Kyren Wilson, but Wilson won the last three frames, defeating Selt 4\u20133", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-fights-hard-to-extend-fine-record-against-ding-junhui_sto8825536/story.shtml", + "https://wst.tv/rocket-downs-dragon-in-wales/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Twelfth seed Barry Hawkins lost in a deciding frame to Ben Woollaston", + "refs": [ + "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0303/1284284-osullivan-too-strong-for-ding-in-wales/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Last 16", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "All last-16 matches took place on the evening of 3 March", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trump capitalised on errors from his opponent Jimmy Robertson to win the first two frames, making a century break in the second", + "refs": [ + "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134", + "https://wst.tv/rocket-downs-dragon-in-wales/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Robertson won the third frame and had an opportunity to win the fourth by potting a straightforward pink ball, but missed the shot, allowing Trump to go 3\u20131 ahead", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trump closed out the match with his second century of the evening to win 4\u20131, the ninth time he had beaten Jimmy Robertson in ten encounters", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan lost the first frame against Walden, but won the second with a break of 76", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Although O'Sullivan made a 55 break in the third frame, Walden won it by clearing to the black, and then made a total clearance of 136 in the fourth frame to go 3\u20131 ahead", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Walden played more conservatively in the fifth frame, but O'Sullivan won the fifth and sixth frames with breaks of 88 and 85 to take the match to a deciding frame", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, Walden made an 83 break to win 4\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Carter won four frames in a row to defeat Scott Donaldson 4\u20132, Zhang beat Matthew Stevens by the same scoreline, and Hossein Vafaei defeated Day in a deciding frame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Perry defeated Wilson 4\u20131, Neil Robertson beat Woollaston by the same scoreline, and Jack Lisowski whitewashed amateur player Michael White 4\u20130", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-ronnie-osullivan-crashes-out-of-welsh-open-after-losing-to-ricky-walden/198907" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The losses by Stevens, Day, and White meant that no Welsh player advanced beyond the round of 16", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Quarter-finals", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The quarter-finals were played on 4 March as the best of nine frames", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the afternoon session, Carter played Lisowski while Neil Robertson faced Trump", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/welsh-open-snooker-draw-schedule-results-how-to-watch-on-tv/198716" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The first four frames between Carter and Lisowski were shared, but Carter won the fifth and sixth frames with breaks of 86 and 53 to lead 4\u20132", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, Carter did not score another point in the match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Lisowski won a scrappy seventh frame before making an 82 break in the eighth and a total clearance of 135 in the decider to win the match 5\u20134 and reach his first ranking event semi-final of the season", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "\"It was probably one of my biggest buzzes since I\u2019ve been a pro", + "refs": [ + "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-jack-lisowski-beats-ali-carter-5-4-thanks-to-stunning-comeback-at-the-welsh-open/198918", + "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-jack-lisowski-fights-back-to-beat-ali-carter-and-book-place-in-semi-finals_sto8827020/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Everything started going in, I can't even remember the break at the end,\" said Lisowski afterward", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "O'Sullivan, working as a pundit for Eurosport, stated that Lisowski would win tournaments if he played similarly more often", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/lisowski-blitz-overhauls-carter/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trump won a scrappy 25-minute opening frame against Robertson, but a lax safety shot from Trump in the second gave Robertson an opportunity to draw level with a 95 break", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Robertson required foul shots from his opponent in the third frame, but Trump repeatedly escaped each time Robertson laid a snooker and eventually snookered Robertson back; Robertson conceded the frame after he failed to escape", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trump won the fourth frame with a break of 60 and won the fifth frame to lead 4\u20131", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Robertson, however, won both the sixth and seventh frames and had an opportunity to draw level in the eighth, but missed an easy black, allowing Trump to win the match 5\u20133 and reach his first ranking semi-final of the season", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Robertson stated afterward that the sudden death of Australian cricket player Shane Warne, a childhood idol, had left him in tears before the match and had affected his performance on the table: \"I couldn't concentrate, couldn't think properly, couldn't do anything.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-battles-to-win-over-neil-robertson-to-book-semi-final-spot_sto8827279/story.shtml", + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213", + "https://snookerhq.com/2022/03/05/welsh-open-semi-finals-draw-preview-schedule/", + "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-judd-trump-beats-neil-robertson-at-welsh-open-jack-lisowski-stuns-ali-carter/198918", + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/hit-by-a-truck-neil-robertson-admits-performance-in-loss-to-judd-trump-impacted-by-death-of-shane-wa_sto8827366/story.shtml", + "https://wst.tv/robertson-warne-news-hit-me-like-a-ton-of-bricks/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In the evening, Zhang faced Vafaei and Walden played Perry", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Zhang made a century break in the opening frame and won three of the next four frames to lead 4\u20131", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Vafaei, however, won four frames in a row with breaks of 68, 58, 63 and 96 to win the match 5\u20134 and reach the fifth ranking semi-final of his career", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "\"It was unbelievable", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "This is one of the tastiest comebacks I\u2019ve ever had in my life,\" stated Vafaei afterward", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He added that winning the Shoot Out earlier in the season had given him the self-belief that he could win", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/unbelievable-hossein-vafaei-secures-judd-trump-welsh-open-snooker-semi-final-after-tastiest-comeback_sto8827759/story.shtml" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Walden made two breaks of 125, but only won two frames as Perry won the match 5\u20132 with breaks including a 118 and a 51 to reach his first ranking semi-final since 2019", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/vafaei-stages-stunning-fightback/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Perry cited a match he won over Lee Walker at the Turkish Masters qualifying event where he had played well as a catalyst for his change in form and increase in confidence", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213", + "https://wst.tv/vafaei-stages-stunning-fightback/", + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-battles-to-win-over-neil-robertson-to-book-semi-final-spot_sto8827279/story.shtml" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Semi-finals", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The semi-finals were played on 5 March as the best of 11 frames", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Facing Trump in the afternoon session, Vafaei started strongly, taking a 3\u20131 lead with breaks of 94 and 85, but Trump claimed the fifth and then won the sixth on the black to draw level at 3\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Vafaei moved two frames ahead again at 5\u20133, but Trump made breaks of 66 and 121 to force a deciding frame, which he won to defeat Vafaei 6\u20135", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Trump said that Vafaei would be \"disappointed\", that \"he was the better player and his safety was brilliant", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Every time I came to the table I seemed to be in trouble and his potting was better than mine.\"", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/trump-fightback-floors-vafaei/", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The second semi-final between Perry and Lisowski also went to a deciding frame", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Perry won the first three frames and came close to winning the fourth, but he missed a straightforward pot, which let Lisowski win the frame and go to the interval trailing 1\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Lisowski's attempt at a maximum break in the fifth frame ended when he missed the ninth red after potting eight reds and eight blacks, but he won the frame, reducing Perry's lead to one", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Good safety play and a break of 68 gave Perry the sixth frame, Lisowski responded with a 69 to win the seventh, and Perry won the eighth to move one frame from victory at 5\u20133", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, Lisowski took the ninth with a 71 break after Perry missed a black off the spot, and then made a 123 break in the tenth to take the match to a decider", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Both players had opportunities, but Perry prevailed in a key safety exchange to win the frame and match", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It was Perry's 16th win in a final-frame decider at the Welsh Open, more than any other player in the history of the event", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-judd-trump-into-welsh-open-final-after-beating-hossein-vafaei-6-5/198944" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Perry stated afterward that he had been suffering from a bad headache during the match that at one point made it difficult to see the balls clearly, calling it \"the worst I've ever felt in a game of snooker.\"", + "refs": [ + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-joe-perry-s-revival-continues-with-win-over-jack-lisowski-to-reach-final_sto8829644/story.shtml", + "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60632799", + "[ERROR retrieving ref link]" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Final", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Main draw", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Below is the main draw for the event", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Numbers in brackets denote seeded players", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Players in bold denote match winners", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Top half", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Bottom half", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Final", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Qualifying", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Qualification for the tournament took place from 15 to 20 February 2022 at Aldersley Leisure Village in Wolverhampton", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The matches involving the top 16 seeds and the two wild card players, Dylan Emery and Liam Davies, were held over and played at the main venue", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Sam Craigie withdrew and was replaced by James Cahill", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/betvictor-welsh-open-draw-2/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Numbers in brackets denote seeded players.", + "refs": [ + "https://wst.tv/osulivan-first-round-match-rescheduled/" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Century breaks", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Main stage centuries", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "There were 58 century breaks made during the main stage of the tournament", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Qualifying stage centuries", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "A total of 22 century breaks were made during qualification", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Notes", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ], + "references": { + "74": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "75": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]", + "1": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120216155616/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/welshopen.html", + "2": "https://wst.tv/tournaments/welsh-open/", + "3": "https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/?year=2022&month=2", + "4": "https://wst.tv/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Click-here-for-the-2021-22-calendar.pdf", + "5": "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2021&template=2&tour=all", + "6": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/56142654", + "7": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022", + "8": "https://wst.tv/how-to-watch-the-betvictor-welsh-open-2/", + "9": "https://wst.tv/betvictor-series-tight-at-the-top/", + "10": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220302191211/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/PrizeMoney/Tournament/14510/betvictor-welsh-open-2022", + "11": "https://www.livesnooker.com/major-ranking-events/welsh-open-snooker/welsh-open-2022-schedule/", + "12": "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134", + "13": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230", + "14": "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0228/1283596-champion-brown-out-at-welsh-open-as-allen-beats-doherty/", + "15": 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--git a/json/2022_West_Java_earthquake.json b/json/2022_West_Java_earthquake.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46daf397ba9c7a3a9bdf05154da46bd3030c2e3b --- /dev/null +++ b/json/2022_West_Java_earthquake.json @@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@ +{ + "title": "2022_West_Java_earthquake", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_West_Java_earthquake", + "summary": "On 21 November 2022, at 13:21 WIB (UTC+07:00), a Mww 5.6 earthquake struck near Cianjur in West Java, Indonesia. The strike-slip earthquake occurred with a focal depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). Between 335 and 635 people died, 7,729 were injured and five remain missing. More than 62,628 homes were damaged across 16 districts in Cianjur Regency and the surrounding region. It is the deadliest earthquake to hit Indonesia since the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Damage evaluated after the event earned it a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).", + "content": [ + { + "section_title": "Tectonic setting", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Java lies near an active convergent boundary that separates the Sunda Plate to the north and the Australian Plate to the south", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At the boundary, marked by the Sunda Trench, the northward-moving Australian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The subduction zone is capable of generating earthquakes of up to magnitude 8.7, while the Australian Plate may also host deeper earthquakes within the downgoing lithosphere (intraslab earthquakes) beneath the coast of Java", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The subduction zone produced two destructive earthquakes and tsunamis in 2006 and 1994", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An intraslab earthquake in 2009 also caused severe destruction", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Compared to the highly oblique convergence across the plate boundary in Sumatra, near Java, it is close to orthogonal", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, there is still a small component of left-lateral strike-slip that is accommodated within the over-riding Sunda Plate", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault is one of the structures thought to be responsible", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Field investigations, combined with morphometric analysis show that the Cimandiri Fault zone is a relatively broad zone of faulting and folding, with six segments identified", + "refs": [ + "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324427092" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Older parts of the fault zone show evidence of dominant left-lateral strike-slip, while younger parts show mainly oblique slip, with a mixture of reverse faulting and left-lateral strike-slip", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Earthquake", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Earthquakes have been recorded in Cianjur since 1844", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In 1910, 1912, 1958, 1982 and 2000, earthquakes caused damage and casualties in the area", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Cianjur was also affected by an 1879 earthquake that claimed lives", + "refs": [ + "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRF..121.2287M" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Shallow inland earthquakes in Java are infrequent but deadly", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In 1924, near Wonosobo, about 800 people died from two earthquakes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Four other earthquakes in the 20th century caused between 10 and 100 deaths", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was a shallow crustal earthquake that left 5,749 people dead", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Geology", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "According to the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), the earthquake occurred at a depth of 11\u00a0km (7\u00a0mi), classifying it as a shallow event", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It had a strike-slip focal mechanism, The United States Geological Survey (USGS) stated that the earthquake occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting within the crust of the Sunda Plate", + "refs": [ + "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110", + "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Focal mechanisms indicate that the rupture occurred on either a steeply dipping north\u2013striking, right-lateral strike-slip fault, or a steeply dipping east-striking left-lateral strike-slip fault", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Its location is 260\u00a0km (160\u00a0mi) northeast of the subduction zone", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault or Padalarang Fault may be potential sources of the earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault is 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) long and runs along the Mandiri River", + "refs": [ + "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ir9t/executive" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "It stretches from Palabuhanratu Bay to Cianjur Regency", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "It is a strike-slip fault with a small vertical component along the section from Palabuhanratu Bay to southeast of Sukabumi", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Along with the Lembang and Baribis Faults, these structures can generate damaging earthquakes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "An engineering geology professor at Padjadjaran University said the epicenter location, 10\u00a0km (6.2\u00a0mi) from the Cimandiri Fault trace, makes it an unlikely source", + "refs": [ + "https://www.kompas.tv/article/350831/kepala-bmkg-62-gempa-susulan-terjadi-hingga-malam-terbesar-m-4-2" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The possible source fault was one that had been buried under volcanic deposits from Mount Gede", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 9 December, the BMKG revealed a previously unknown fault in Cugenang District, now called the Cugenang Fault, was the source of the earthquake", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The newly identified 8\u20139\u00a0km (5.0\u20135.6\u00a0mi)-long fault strikes north-northwest\u2013south-southeast, and displays a right-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism", + "refs": [ + "https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/11/23/337/2713319/sesar-cimandiri-diragukan-jadi-penyebab-gempa-besar-cianjur-ada-sesar-lain" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Due to its moderate magnitude, no surface ruptures were produced", + "refs": [ + "https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5149010/sesar-cugenang-patahan-baru-penyebab-gempa-cianjur", + "https://en.antaranews.com/news/264687/new-fault-caused-56-m-cianjur-quake-bmkg" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "However, an analysis of the aftershocks revealed a fault rupture extending northeast\u2013southwest for 12\u00a0km (7.5\u00a0mi) and 8\u00a0km (5.0\u00a0mi) wide", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The greatest damage occurred in areas along the rupture while lighter damage occurred further away", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "By 9 December, more than 400 aftershocks with magnitudes between 1.2 and 4.2 had been recorded\u2014some were felt by residents", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Ground motion", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) in an area southeast of the epicenter and striking northeast\u2013southwest", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Intensity VI\u2013VII (Strong\u2013Very strong) was felt in Cianjur while an intensity of IV\u2013V (Light\u2013Moderate) was felt at Garut and Sukabumi", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Cimahi, Lembang, Bandung City, Cikalong Wetan, Rangkasbitung, Bogor and Bayah, the earthquake was felt at an intensity of III (Weak)", + "refs": [ + "https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1548006-bmkg-mencatat-236-kali-gempa-susulan-di-cianjur-terbesar-magnitudo-4-2" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Intensity II\u2013III (Weak) was felt in the Rancaekek, South Tangerang, Jakarta and Depok areas", + "refs": [ + "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A field investigation of damage in Cianjur Regency by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia revealed the greatest damage occurred above volcanic breccia deposited by Mount Gede", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bmkg.go.id/seismologi-teknik/peta-isoseismal.bmkg?p=peta-isoseismal-gempabumi-cianjur-jawa-barat-21-november-2022&tag=peta-isoseismal&lang=ID" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The severity of building damage in Cugenang District, particularly in the villages of Gasol and Sarampad, led geologists to assign a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII\u2013VIII", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Damage corresponding to VII also occurred in Cianjur, Warungkondang and Gekbrong districts", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A maximum peak ground acceleration of 0.145 g in the east\u2013west component", + "refs": [ + "https://en.tempo.co/read/1666139/bmkg-announces-cugenang-fault-zone-suggests-relocation-of-1800-houses" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Impact", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Despite the moderate size of the earthquake, its shallow depth caused strong shaking", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Earthquakes of such size are usually associated with relatively minor damage but the shallow depth and poor construction factored in the destruction", + "refs": [ + "https://inatews.bmkg.go.id/web/detail?name=20221121132444&day=578" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) stated that the extent of damage to homes and buildings was still being assessed, but described the damage as \"massive\"", + "refs": [ + "https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/muhammad-ilman-nafian-2/gempa-cianjur-merusak-begini-penjelasan-bmkg", + "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/at-least-268-dead-in-indonesia-earthquake-search-for-missing-continues" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Damage occurred in 16 of the 32 districts of Cianjur Regency \u2014Cugenang District was the worst affected", + "refs": [ + "https://babel.antaranews.com/berita/317797/rumah-dan-bangunan-di-cianjur-rusak-akibat-gempa", + "https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/947491/15/bnpb-sebut-dampak-gempa-cianjur-kerusakannya-masif-1669021878" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The total cost of damage was Rp 4 trillion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 62,628 homes were damaged, including 27,434 homes which were heavily damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://radarjember.jawapos.com/nasional/23/11/2022/ratusan-orang-belum-ditemukan-akibat-gempa-cianjur/", + "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kerugian-gempa-cianjur-rp4-triliun-pemkab-fokus-pemulihan-ekonomi", + "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-korban-meninggal-dunia-pasca-gempabumi-cianjur-321-orang-" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 13,070 and 22,124 homes had moderate and light damage, respectively", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121174536-20-876648/bnpb-1362-rumah-rusak-imbas-gempa-cianjur", + "https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6422675/data-terbaru-56320-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 524 schools, 144 religious locations, 13 offices and three health facilities were also damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kerugian-gempa-cianjur-rp4-triliun-pemkab-fokus-pemulihan-ekonomi", + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121163708-20-876595/gempa-cianjur-343-rumah-rusak-berat-3-kecamatan-tedampak-parah", + "https://www.gatra.com/news-559203-kebencanaan-gempa-cianjur-524-satuan-pendidikan-terdampak-tangani-hak-anak.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A shopping mall collapsed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121174536-20-876648/bnpb-1362-rumah-rusak-imbas-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Two government office buildings, three schools, a hospital, a religious facility and an Islamic boarding school were damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-310-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Ministry of Religious Affairs stated 21 mosques were damaged", + "refs": [ + "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-310-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-", + "https://video.tribunnews.com/view/497550/dua-orang-meninggal-dunia-hingga-tujuh-rumah-rusak-berat-berikut-fakta-terkini-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Cilaku District, many buildings with two or three floors were heavily damaged, and a minimart completely collapsed", + "refs": [ + "https://jabarekspres.com/berita/2022/11/21/runtuh-terkena-gempa-cianjur-bangunan-toko-mas-ibu-kota-dikerumuni-warga/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Landslides cut off roads", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A landslide along Puncak-Cipanas-Cianjur national road forced a traffic diversion", + "refs": [ + "https://hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2022/11/23/240672/21-masjid-rusak-tiga-kantor-kua-alami-rusak-berat-akibat-gempa-cianjur.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Toppled trees, uprooted power poles and downed power cables also occurred along roads", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources said two landslides occurred in Cugenang District", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121143105-20-876506/bupati-wilayah-cugenang-paling-parah-terdampak-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "One measured 44\u00a0m (144\u00a0ft) and 16\u00a0m (52\u00a0ft) high while the latter measured 162\u00a0m (531\u00a0ft) and 45\u00a0m (148\u00a0ft) high", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A village in Cugenang with eight homes was completely buried under a landslide", + "refs": [ + "https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6418181/gempa-cianjur-berimbas-longsor-di-jalur-puncak-pupr-kirim-alat-berat" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Landslides occurred in areas composed of weal volcanic soil", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.antaranews.com/berita/418445/badan-geologi-kementerian-esdm-temukan-2-longsoran-usai-gempa-di-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Power outages affected more than 366,000 homes, of which 89 percent were already restored", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "At least 681 homes, six schools and 10 religious buildings were damaged in Sukabumi Regency", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/23/quake-rescue-efforts-in-indonesia-focus-on-landslide-hit-villages", + "https://amp.kompas.com/bandung/read/2022/11/21/185645378/cianjur-gelap-jaringan-listrik-ratusan-ribu-rumah-warga-putus-akibat-gempa" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "No deaths were recorded there, although 11 people were injured and 58 families were displaced", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Caringin Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, two schools and 89 houses were damaged, and a person was injured", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.inews.id/amp/berita/cianjur-sempat-gelap-gulita-pln-pastikan-89-persen-jaringan-listrik-pulih" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Seventy eight homes, a madrasah, and an Islamic boarding school were damaged in Bogor Regency", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/bpbd-681-rumah-dan-10-masjid-di-sukabumi-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The earthquake was felt strongly in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, causing residents to flock to the streets", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "High-rise buildings swayed and were evacuated", + "refs": [ + "https://megapolitan.okezone.com/read/2022/11/22/338/2712284/gempa-cianjur-78-rumah-di-bogor-terdampak" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Cracks appeared on an apartment building in Ancol, North Jakarta", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "Casualties", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "There were 335 confirmed deaths according to the BNPB, 165 of them had been successfully identified", + "refs": [ + "https://voi.id/en/amp/229392/impact-of-the-cianjur-earthquake-the-wall-of-the-apartment-in-ancol-rentak", + "https://cirebon.tribunnews.com/2022/12/12/korban-tewas-gempa-cianjur-ternyata-600-an-orang-bupati-banyak-yang-langsung-dimakamkan" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The regent of Cianjur, Herman Suherman, claimed the total death toll was 635", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "He said many deaths went unreported as they were immediately buried by relatives for religious reasons and did not report these deaths", + "refs": [ + "https://jatim.antaranews.com/amp/berita/658969/hari-kelima-korban-meninggal-gempa-cianjur-naik-jadi-310-jiwa", + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221220154139-20-889802/bupati-cianjur-korban-gempa-cianjur-bertambah-jadi-635-orang", + "https://en.antaranews.com/news/265123/cianjur-quake-death-toll-climbs-to-600-government" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to him, Cugenang District saw 397 deaths\u2014the most number of deaths among the 13 districts affected", + "refs": [ + "https://www.tvonenews.com/channel/news/96231-tim-sar-gabungan-kembali-temukan-jasad-korban-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Cianjur District, 78 died and 50 died in Warungkondang District", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The BNPB said on 13 December that additional verifications and reevaluations would be carried out to address the discrepancy in the death toll", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/korban-meninggal-akibat-gempa-jadi-600-orang-bupati-cianjur-banyak-warga-tak-lapor" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The agency said if deaths were not recorded and no death certificate is presented, the individual would not be considered deceased", + "refs": [ + "https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6461709/beda-versi-data-korban-gempa-cianjur-menurut-bupati-dan-bnpb" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A majority were students of several schools who died after being hit by falling debris", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The BNPB revealed more than one third of those killed were children", + "refs": [ + "https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/bnpb-tidak-ada-korban-jiwa-gempa-cianjur-tidak-terdata.html?page=2" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Cikancana, a village in Gekbrong District, six students died from head injuries", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/21/deadly-earthquake-rocks-indonesia", + "https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/jumlah-korban-gempa-cianjur-meningkat-tim-sar-fokus-pada-lokasi-longsor/6848276.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The bodies of ten people were found beneath a landslide in Cugenang District", + "refs": [ + "https://www.kompas.com/nasional/read/2022/11/23/18491871/korban-jiwa-gempa-cianjur-capai-271-orang-37-persennya-anak-anak" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "More than 30 people were killed by a landslide in Cijedil village", + "refs": [ + "https://tirto.id/dampak-gempa-cianjur-53408-rumah-hingga-540-sekolah-rusak-gzxt", + "https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/11/22/063000478/gempa-cianjur-6-murid-madrasah-tewas-tertimpa-reruntuhan-bangunan-sekolah" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "One person was killed and another 20 were injured after a factory partially collapsed", + "refs": [ + "https://en.tempo.co/read/1666139/bmkg-announces-cugenang-fault-zone-suggests-relocation-of-1800-houses" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A further 7,729 people were injured \u2014593 in serious condition", + "refs": [ + "https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=i&Seq_Code=68875" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Five people remained missing, possibly buried under collapsed structures", + "refs": [ + "https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6437440/mencegah-korupsi-bantuan-keuangan-gempa-cianjur/", + "https://www.beritasatu.com/news/1005185/update-gempa-cianjur-korban-meninggal-jadi-331-jiwa/amp", + "https://banyumas.tribunnews.com/2022/12/19/tim-sar-temukan-lagi-satu-jenazah-korban-gempa-cianjur-lima-korban-masih-hilang" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Dozens of students were injured by falling debris at their schools", + "refs": [ + "https://bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-318-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-", + "https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20221122/15/1600754/gempa-cianjur-25-orang-tertimbun-runtuhan-bangunan" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The injured were taken to the four hospitals around Cianjur", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221122160006-20-877167/pemkab-cianjur-korban-meninggal-dunia-akibat-gempa-252-orang/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Due to a large number of injured arriving at Cianjur Hospital, a field hospital was constructed in the parking lot", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/gempa-magnitudo-56-guncang-cianjur-puluhan-siswa-terluka" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "At Cimacan Hospital, 237 people received treatment\u2014150 were released while 13 others died", + "refs": [ + "https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/11/21/337/2711835/gempa-cianjur-kapolres-44-orang-meninggal-dunia" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "A further 114,683 people were displaced", + "refs": [ + "https://padang.viva.co.id/ragam-perkara/843-sudah-20-warga-dilaporkan-tewas-akibat-gempa-m56-cianjur" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Search and rescue", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "A state of emergency was declared for 30 days from 21 November to 20 December", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "About 6,000 rescuers were deployed", + "refs": [ + "https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/592563/pencarian-11-korban-bencana-gempa-cianjur-dilanjutkan" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Indonesian Medical Association mobilized 200 doctors, while the National Search and Rescue Agency mobilized personnel and equipment to five affected areas", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/indonesia/european-union-brings-relief-victims-earthquake-indonesia_en", + "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-earthquake-rescue-heavy-rain-survivors-3097441" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Search and rescue teams were deployed to locate the missing", + "refs": [ + "https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/5131781/idi-cianjur-kerahkan-200-an-dokter-tangani-korban-gempa" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Helicopters conducted aerial surveys and evacuated people", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "As many as 796 personnel were distributed across 12 districts to search for missing individuals", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The governor of West Java, Ridwan Kamil, called for the Jabar Quick Response Team to respond", + "refs": [ + "https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/basarnas-kerahkan-helikopter-untuk-cari-korban-gempa-cianjur-yang-tertimbun-1zIQoQul7fo/full" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The team would arrive in the Cugenang, Warung Kondang, and Pacet Cipanas areas of Cianjur Regency", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Heavy rain and the risk of landslides have slowed down search and rescue work", + "refs": [ + "https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5133402/tim-sar-lanjutkan-pencarian-151-orang-yang-hilang-usai-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Aftershocks also raised the potential for landslides to be triggered", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 23 November, rescuers attended to Cugenang, where a village was buried by a landslide", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A six-year-old was rescued alive after being trapped under his collapsed home for two days", + "refs": [ + "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/indonesia/european-union-brings-relief-victims-earthquake-indonesia_en" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 24 November, over 1,000 rescuers used rescue dogs, heavy equipment and their bare hands to quicken the search for the missing", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Cianjur Regency government established a response effort that would continue until 30 December 2022", + "refs": [ + "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/21/deadly-earthquake-rocks-indonesia" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Rain and landslides continue to disrupt the search for the 39 missing individuals", + "refs": [ + "https://jabar.antaranews.com/berita/417521/gubernur-ridwan-kamil-berangkatkan-tim-jqr-ke-lokasi-gempa-cianjur?utm_source=topnews&utm_medium=home&utm_campaign=news" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The BNPB said heavy equipment would be deployed to the village but its use could endanger potential survivors and road conditions were still unfavorable", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Search for the missing continued on 25 November\u2014472 personnel and two rescue dogs participated in the effort at Cugenang District", + "refs": [ + "https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/gempa-cianjur-operasi-pencarian-dilanjutkan-masa-tanggap-darurat-satu-bulan/6848768.html" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Seven bodies were discovered in a landslide in the same district that day", + "refs": [ + "https://www.beritasatu.com/news/1002789/update-gempa-cianjur-hujan-sulitkan-pencarian-39-korban-hilang" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 26 November, eight additional bodies were found", + "refs": [ + "https://kepri.antaranews.com/berita/140657/sar-lanjutkan-pencarian-39-orang-hilang-pada-hari-kelima-usai-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The search for missing people was scheduled to end on 30 November, but was extended to 3 December after more reports of missing individuals arrived", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 4 December, the regency government discussed plans to extend the search by three days", + "refs": [ + "https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/26/17581041/korban-gempa-cianjur-masih-bertambah-318-meninggal-7729-luka-luka" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The National Search and Rescue Agency announced plans to extend the search for the eight missing people to 20 December", + "refs": [ + "https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5140828/pencarian-korban-gempa-cianjur-diperpanjang-selama-3-hari" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Aftermath", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Survivors in Cianjur constructed makeshift tents in public spaces or their yards", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 22 November, a survivor stated that they were still self-dependent because no assistance has been given", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "For fear of aftershocks, residents did not return to their homes", + "refs": [ + "https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2022/12/07/pencarian-8-korban-hilang-akibat-gempa-cianjur-dilakukan-hingga-20-desember" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Pamoyanan village, Cianjur District, 150 residents spent the night under a pavilion", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Others slept along roadsides or under the overhangs of shops", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Food was still unavailable on the morning of 22 November", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to the BNPB, homes that were damaged will be reconstructed with earthquake resistance", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The Ministry of Public Works and Housing mobilized personnel and heavy equipment to clear trees and landslide debris on roads", + "refs": [ + "https://repjabar.republika.co.id/berita/rlq10z396/takut-gempa-susulan-warga-ngungsi-di-pendopo-cianjur-dan-emperan-toko" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Electricity was cut from Cianjur District", + "refs": [ + "https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5131625/kepala-bnpb-pastikan-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur-akan-dibangun-lagi" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) workers were deployed to restore power to 366,675 customers after the earthquake affected 1,957 substations", + "refs": [ + "https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1659400/gempa-cianjur-pupr-mobilisasi-alat-berat-untuk-bersihkan-jalan-dari-pohon-tumbang" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "By the morning of 22 November, 1,802 substations were functioning and electricity was restored in 89 percent of the area", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121140601-20-876484/bupati-cianjur-listrik-terputus-usai-gempa?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 29 November, officials in Cianjur Regency reported 2,000 cases of acute respiratory infection, hypertension and diarrhea among the displaced people", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 3 December, another earthquake measuring Mww\u202f 5.7 struck Garut Regency", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Both earthquakes were unrelated as they occurred at different focal depths", + "refs": [ + "https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/jabar/84867-2000-an-pengungsi-gempa-terserang-ispa-dinkes-cianjur-juga-terserang-diare-dan-hipertensi", + "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000j6k5/executive" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "In Cianjur, cracks appeared on walls and windows broke", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20221203175107-4-393494/garut-diguncang-gempa-ini-penjelasan-bmkg/amp" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "Reconstruction", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The Indonesian government allocated Rp 50 million for reconstructing earthquake-resistant homes", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Homes that were moderately or lightly damaged would be repaired through a Rp10 million assistance fund", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reconstruction and repair works are planned to be undertaken by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "While not all the displaced had severely damaged homes, but many fled due to the aftershocks", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221203184232-20-882419/rumah-hingga-sekolah-di-cidaun-cianjur-rusak-diguncang-gempa-garut/" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 25 November, data collection on the number of damaged houses was ongoing", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Preparations for reconstruction began\u2014residents were evacuated and the search for missing people continued", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Reconstruction would be funded by government ministries and the provincial government", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "A 2-hectare zone in Sirnagalih village, Cilaku District was allocated for the construction of 200 homes to relocate displaced residents", + "refs": [ + "https://en.antaranews.com/news/261865/cianjur-quake-minister-assures-of-swift-reconstruction-of-homes" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Muhadjir Effendy, the Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, said 8,341 damaged homes would be repaired in the first phase of reconstruction", + "refs": [ + "https://polri.go.id/berita-polri/2717" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "With the identification of the Cugenang Fault, the BMKG said the 1,800 homes in several villages where the structure intersects would have to be relocated", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The BMKG prohibited the reconstruction of homes along the fault due to the present seismic hazard it poses", + "refs": [ + "https://en.antaranews.com/news/264687/new-fault-caused-56-m-cianjur-quake-bmkg" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "By 27 April 2023, 351 houses had been reconstructed", + "refs": [ + "https://www.victorynews.id/nasional/pr-3315839461/pemkab-cianjur-siap-relokasi-dan-bangun-rumah-bagi-warga-korban-gempa-cianjur" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Response", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "President Joko Widodo directed the minister of public works and housing, Basuki Hadimuljono, to survey the damage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Basuki arrived in Cianjur Regency on 21 November at 21:45", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "According to President Widodo, residents whose homes were heavily and moderately damaged would receive Rp 50 million and Rp 25 million in assistance, respectively", + "refs": [ + "https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-6693570/siap-huni-351-rumah-buat-korban-gempa-cianjur-rampung" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Rp 10 million would be given to homes with light damage", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The BMKG urged residents to be wary of potential flash floods and rain due to unstable slopes", + "refs": [ + "https://koran-jakarta.com/presiden-jokowi-perintahkan-menteri-pupr-tinjau-dampak-gempa-di-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The agency's head, Dwikorita Karnawati, stated that materials on unstable slopes could be washed away, triggering floods and landslides", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Residents were also advised not to visit slopes and riverbanks due to the risk of flash floods", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "Thirty five personnel including five health professionals from Husein Sastranegara Air Force Base visited the affected area", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "The base also supplied food, medicine, kitchen appliances and logistics", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "More than 1,000 soldiers from nearby units were dispatched to the area", + "refs": [ + "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121161030-20-876579/bmkg-wanti-wanti-banjir-bandang-dan-longsor-usai-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "Due to landslides blocking roads and cutting road access to some villages, helicopters were dispatched to drop food and water", + "refs": [] + }, + { + "sentence": "While delivering aid to survivors across a bamboo bridge on 6 December, a police officer fell into a river and sustained light injuries", + "refs": [ + "https://koran-jakarta.com/1-000-prajurit-tni-ad-dikerahkan-bantu-penanganan-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "The government of West Jakarta donated Rp 250 million in aid, and other local companies also donated aid, totaling Rp 500 million", + "refs": [ + "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/traumatised-relatives-await-news-of-missing-in-quake-hit-indonesia", + "https://www.tvonenews.com/channel/news/94718-polisi-jatuh-ke-sungai-dari-motor-saat-antarkan-bantuan-gempa-cianjur" + ] + }, + { + "sentence": "On 7 December, an accident involving a pickup truck delivering aid and bus occurred along the Cikopo\u2013Palimanan Toll Road in Kalijati District, killing a person", + "refs": [ + "https://barat.jakarta.go.id/detailberita/7933" + ] + } + ], + "subsections": [ + { + "section_title": "International aid", + "section_content": [], + "subsections": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "section_title": "Controversy", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "The head of the National Counter Terrorism Agency, Boy Rafli Amar, claimed Islamic terrorist group Jamaah Ansharut Daulah raised humanitarian fund only for it to be used in terrorist-related activities", + "refs": [] + } + ], + "subsections": [] + }, + { + "section_title": "See also", + "section_content": [ + { + "sentence": "Earthquakes