<p>You have a lock in front of you with 4 circular wheels. Each wheel has 10 slots: <code>&#39;0&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;4&#39;, &#39;5&#39;, &#39;6&#39;, &#39;7&#39;, &#39;8&#39;, &#39;9&#39;</code>. The wheels can rotate freely and wrap around: for example we can turn <code>&#39;9&#39;</code> to be <code>&#39;0&#39;</code>, or <code>&#39;0&#39;</code> to be <code>&#39;9&#39;</code>. Each move consists of turning one wheel one slot.</p>

<p>The lock initially starts at <code>&#39;0000&#39;</code>, a string representing the state of the 4 wheels.</p>

<p>You are given a list of <code>deadends</code> dead ends, meaning if the lock displays any of these codes, the wheels of the lock will stop turning and you will be unable to open it.</p>

<p>Given a <code>target</code> representing the value of the wheels that will unlock the lock, return the minimum total number of turns required to open the lock, or -1 if it is impossible.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> deadends = [&quot;0201&quot;,&quot;0101&quot;,&quot;0102&quot;,&quot;1212&quot;,&quot;2002&quot;], target = &quot;0202&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 6
<strong>Explanation:</strong> 
A sequence of valid moves would be &quot;0000&quot; -&gt; &quot;1000&quot; -&gt; &quot;1100&quot; -&gt; &quot;1200&quot; -&gt; &quot;1201&quot; -&gt; &quot;1202&quot; -&gt; &quot;0202&quot;.
Note that a sequence like &quot;0000&quot; -&gt; &quot;0001&quot; -&gt; &quot;0002&quot; -&gt; &quot;0102&quot; -&gt; &quot;0202&quot; would be invalid,
because the wheels of the lock become stuck after the display becomes the dead end &quot;0102&quot;.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> deadends = [&quot;8888&quot;], target = &quot;0009&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can turn the last wheel in reverse to move from &quot;0000&quot; -&gt; &quot;0009&quot;.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> deadends = [&quot;8887&quot;,&quot;8889&quot;,&quot;8878&quot;,&quot;8898&quot;,&quot;8788&quot;,&quot;8988&quot;,&quot;7888&quot;,&quot;9888&quot;], target = &quot;8888&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We cannot reach the target without getting stuck.
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= deadends.length &lt;= 500</code></li>
	<li><code>deadends[i].length == 4</code></li>
	<li><code>target.length == 4</code></li>
	<li>target <strong>will not be</strong> in the list <code>deadends</code>.</li>
	<li><code>target</code> and <code>deadends[i]</code> consist of digits only.</li>
</ul>

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> get_neighbors(const string& node)
    {
        vector<string> result;

        for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
        {
            string up = node;
            string down = node;

            up[i] = up[i] == '9' ? '0' : 1+up[i];
            down[i] = down[i] == '0' ? '9' : down[i] - 1;;

            result.push_back(up);
            result.push_back(down);
        }

        return result;
    }

    int openLock(vector<string>& deadends, string target) {
        
        unordered_set<string> deadend(deadends.begin(), deadends.end());

        if (deadend.find("0000") != deadend.end())
        {
            return -1;
        }

        queue<pair<string, int>> q;
        q.push({"0000", 0});

        unordered_set<string> visited;
        visited.insert("0000");

        while (!q.empty())
        {
            auto [node, steps] = q.front();
            q.pop();

            if (node == target)
            {
                return steps;
            }

            vector<string> neighbors = get_neighbors(node);

            for (const auto& neig : neighbors)
            {
                if (deadend.find(neig) == deadend.end() && visited.find(neig) == visited.end())
                {
                    visited.insert(neig);
                    q.push({neig, 1+steps});
                }
            }


        }

        return -1;
    }
};
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