<p>Given a <code>rows x cols</code>&nbsp;binary <code>matrix</code> filled with <code>0</code>&#39;s and <code>1</code>&#39;s, find the largest rectangle containing only <code>1</code>&#39;s and return <em>its area</em>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/09/14/maximal.jpg" style="width: 402px; height: 322px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> matrix = [[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;0&quot;],[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;],[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;1&quot;],[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 6
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The maximal rectangle is shown in the above picture.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> matrix = [[&quot;0&quot;]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> matrix = [[&quot;1&quot;]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>rows == matrix.length</code></li>
	<li><code>cols == matrix[i].length</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= row, cols &lt;= 200</code></li>
	<li><code>matrix[i][j]</code> is <code>&#39;0&#39;</code> or <code>&#39;1&#39;</code>.</li>
</ul>

class Solution:

    def maximalRectangle(self, matrix):
        if not matrix:
            return 0
        
        rows, cols = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
        heights = [0] * cols
        max_area = 0
        
        for row in matrix:
            for i in range(cols):
                heights[i] = heights[i] + 1 if row[i] == '1' else 0
            
            max_area = max(max_area, self.maxHistogramArea(heights))
        
        return max_area
    
    def maxHistogramArea(self, heights):
        stack = []
        max_area = 0
        heights.append(0)  # Sentinel value to ensure stack is emptied at the end
        
        for i in range(len(heights)):
            while stack and heights[i] < heights[stack[-1]]:
                h = heights[stack.pop()]
                w = i if not stack else i - stack[-1] - 1
                max_area = max(max_area, h * w)
            stack.append(i)
        
        heights.pop()  # Remove sentinel value
        return max_area

17500