<p>A <strong>valid IP address</strong> consists of exactly four integers separated by single dots. Each integer is between <code>0</code> and <code>255</code> (<strong>inclusive</strong>) and cannot have leading zeros.</p>

<ul>
	<li>For example, <code>&quot;0.1.2.201&quot;</code> and <code>&quot;192.168.1.1&quot;</code> are <strong>valid</strong> IP addresses, but <code>&quot;0.011.255.245&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;192.168.1.312&quot;</code> and <code>&quot;192.168@1.1&quot;</code> are <strong>invalid</strong> IP addresses.</li>
</ul>

<p>Given a string <code>s</code> containing only digits, return <em>all possible valid IP addresses that can be formed by inserting dots into </em><code>s</code>. You are <strong>not</strong> allowed to reorder or remove any digits in <code>s</code>. You may return the valid IP addresses in <strong>any</strong> order.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;25525511135&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> [&quot;255.255.11.135&quot;,&quot;255.255.111.35&quot;]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;0000&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> [&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;101023&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> [&quot;1.0.10.23&quot;,&quot;1.0.102.3&quot;,&quot;10.1.0.23&quot;,&quot;10.10.2.3&quot;,&quot;101.0.2.3&quot;]
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 20</code></li>
	<li><code>s</code> consists of digits only.</li>
</ul>

class Solution(object):
    # method to check if a part of the string is within the range 0-255,
    # returns True if part is within range 0-255 else False
    def valid(self, s, start, length):
        return length == 1 or (
            s[start] != "0"
            and (length < 3 or s[start : start + length] <= "255")
        )

    # main helper method to solve the problem by backtracking
    def helper(self, s, startIndex, dots, ans):
        remainingLength = len(s) - startIndex
        remainingNumberOfIntegers = 4 - len(dots)
        if (
            remainingLength > remainingNumberOfIntegers * 3
            or remainingLength < remainingNumberOfIntegers
        ):
            return
        if len(dots) == 3:
            if self.valid(s, startIndex, remainingLength):
                temp = ""
                last = 0
                for dot in dots:
                    temp += s[last : last + dot] + "."
                    last += dot
                temp += s[startIndex:]
                ans.append(temp)
            return
        for curPos in range(1, min(4, remainingLength + 1)):
            dots.append(curPos)
            if self.valid(s, startIndex, curPos):
                self.helper(s, startIndex + curPos, dots, ans)
            dots.pop()

    # main method called by leetcode
    def restoreIpAddresses(self, s):
        answer = []
        self.helper(s, 0, [], answer)
        return answer
16100