<p>The <strong>distance of a pair</strong> of integers <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> is defined as the absolute difference between <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.</p>

<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>k</code>, return <em>the</em> <code>k<sup>th</sup></code> <em>smallest <strong>distance among all the pairs</strong></em> <code>nums[i]</code> <em>and</em> <code>nums[j]</code> <em>where</em> <code>0 &lt;= i &lt; j &lt; nums.length</code>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,3,1], k = 1
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Here are all the pairs:
(1,3) -&gt; 2
(1,1) -&gt; 0
(3,1) -&gt; 2
Then the 1<sup>st</sup> smallest distance pair is (1,1), and its distance is 0.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,1,1], k = 2
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,6,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>n == nums.length</code></li>
	<li><code>2 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= n * (n - 1) / 2</code></li>
</ul>

class Solution:
    def smallestDistancePair(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> int:
        nums.sort() 

        lower_bound = 0
        upper_bound = max(nums) - min(nums)
        while lower_bound <= upper_bound:
            guess = (lower_bound + upper_bound) >> 1
            if self.is_valid(nums, guess, k):
                upper_bound = guess - 1
            else:
                lower_bound = guess + 1
        return lower_bound

    def is_valid(self, nums, guess, target):
        cnt = 0 
        prev_start = 1
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            start = prev_start
            end = len(nums) - 1
            while start <= end:
                mid = (start + end) >> 1
                if nums[mid] - nums[i] <= guess:
                    start = mid + 1
                else:
                    end = mid - 1
            cnt += end - i
            if cnt >= target:
                return True
            else:
                prev_start = end
        return False
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