<p>Given an array of integers <code>citations</code> where <code>citations[i]</code> is the number of citations a researcher received for their <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> paper and <code>citations</code> is sorted in <strong>ascending order</strong>, return <em>the researcher&#39;s h-index</em>.</p>

<p>According to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-index" target="_blank">definition of h-index on Wikipedia</a>: The h-index is defined as the maximum value of <code>h</code> such that the given researcher has published at least <code>h</code> papers that have each been cited at least <code>h</code> times.</p>

<p>You must write an algorithm that runs in logarithmic time.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> citations = [0,1,3,5,6]
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> [0,1,3,5,6] means the researcher has 5 papers in total and each of them had received 0, 1, 3, 5, 6 citations respectively.
Since the researcher has 3 papers with at least 3 citations each and the remaining two with no more than 3 citations each, their h-index is 3.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> citations = [1,2,100]
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>n == citations.length</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= citations[i] &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li><code>citations</code> is sorted in <strong>ascending order</strong>.</li>
</ul>

class Solution:
    def hIndex(self, citations: List[int]) -> int:
        l, r = 0, len(citations) - 1
        n = len(citations)

        while l <= r:
            m = l + (r - l) // 2
            if citations[m] >= n - m:
                r = m - 1
            else:
                l = m + 1
        
        return n - l
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