<p>You are given an integer array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>target</code>.</p>

<p>You want to build an <strong>expression</strong> out of nums by adding one of the symbols <code>&#39;+&#39;</code> and <code>&#39;-&#39;</code> before each integer in nums and then concatenate all the integers.</p>

<ul>
	<li>For example, if <code>nums = [2, 1]</code>, you can add a <code>&#39;+&#39;</code> before <code>2</code> and a <code>&#39;-&#39;</code> before <code>1</code> and concatenate them to build the expression <code>&quot;+2-1&quot;</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>Return the number of different <strong>expressions</strong> that you can build, which evaluates to <code>target</code>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,1,1,1,1], target = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
<strong>Explanation:</strong> There are 5 ways to assign symbols to make the sum of nums be target 3.
-1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
+1 - 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
+1 + 1 - 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
+1 + 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 = 3
+1 + 1 + 1 + 1 - 1 = 3
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1], target = 1
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 20</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= sum(nums[i]) &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li><code>-1000 &lt;= target &lt;= 1000</code></li>
</ul>

class Solution:
    def findTargetSumWays(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        self.memo = defaultdict(int)

        # Start a DFS. At each step, we explore either a + or - to the next index
        def helper(nums, idx, val_so_far):
            key = (idx, val_so_far)
            
            # If we haven't found this part of the path so far
            if key not in self.memo:
                # if we are at the final index, return 1 if its equal to target, 0 otherwise
                if idx == len(nums) - 1:
                    if val_so_far == target:
                        return 1
                    return 0
                
                # else, we add an item to the memo.
                # if we're at the current index with an equivalent sum, we can reuse calculations we've done before
                next_num = nums[idx]
                self.memo[key] = helper(nums, idx + 1, val_so_far + next_num) + helper(nums, idx + 1, val_so_far - next_num)

            return self.memo[key]
        
        return helper(nums, -1, 0)

42436